A Grammar of the Arabic Language. Volume II [PDF]

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A GBAMMAB mi



OF



ABABIC LANGUAGE,' TKANSLATEU



FROM THE UERMAN UF GASPARI: AMI) KUITKI)



WITH HVMSKUVa ADIHTIUXS AA/i IXtUHtVr/uA'S



W. WRIGHT, UTX



LL.D.,



riiancMHM of akabk in thk pxivKSwnr or caumuimir.



THIRD EDITION RKVI8RD HY



W. LATK



ROBERTSON SMITH,



narmmom or ambic



M.



nmnmem



J.



is tsc tnavERHirr of cambmihik



DE GOEJB,



or aiabic ni



nc



vkivmwitt or ucnmx.



VOLUME



It.



WITH A PREFACE AND AOOENDA ET CORRIGBNOA



PIERRE CACHl



LIBRAIRIE



DU LIBAN



BEIRUT



LIBRAIME DU tmOi Rjad S«ft Sfowe At*ociat«d am^imda,



-



Ikirat



knmd^ and r^pnsmtativet



il



CONTENTS. PART THIRD. mmTAz. I.



New



THE SEVERAL GQHPONENT PABTS OF A SEKTBNCE A.



Impression, t99



•



........



.|B?



J|.



337



.



.



.



.



.



.



.



.



JSC^



J ititrodadiS|[ the Apocki^ of • Hypot^tical Smtonoe



346 .



847



.348 .



348



OOMTBIITS.



nv erf



Adfi^n



a Ilnal Sbcn^ Vowel



td



....



a SBkm* Vowel



Stii^preanoB



to



some Verbul Fonaa



Surtieles of the



Irrafateritks



3



in



vel



387



T^nwln and oUier Gaae^ndings



the Ttowin



jy *»^*p^ aap it



l&t



the house oh the/mndatJons of 'Ibrahim



believe not in the



ij^ y



^:^,.^*)



Jtt'^l had t»t thy people ceased



this



qf



^ c4^



n^/othwed; ju^\^



U^



jAd\ JmJJ i^j



«., ^ ... i>



*^ ^ f*"^ J^9



I had sotne shrengA kft that / were dtb to riae, thou /rem me a roariug in its (*jSlF-ilkCm;



eavtim



bi/Mbtt theg



thm



yiae to the b^g/ar, thaui^ ke



^gfAji yjfXj



W



far t|C*>



C^



wT^'



«M«ifJfr;/br U,



jti»



eoeu if



^



4^



(9



the



in rhyme



femwsrf ne oAar



.



^JJS or



t*.



.



amd omrhanyimg it, fumervtu olioihirmh {aad^ MrtlMay teaguee by



ite



>»



U *^ »^



.



fdory but tke place, called Awmreife, oppoeite to



oeded



Cm



•Um^, lt£i JS pteated, «w omM Mnto tim far tkehr wm; if the protasis verb of the [If voter. it talt ifw$flteued,iMeoMtwke



iinperfijcteulgiiiietite.a8



j^!^ (^ '^\^3s!iS^j£^«ad if it



SM jl



pot^al as^^»^U{ J*U»tfl



w



hm with omr kearte {hemrt ami med),



Kw sAouM have d^eatad you tony ayo} ; |>«



(seiL



fimoue for



the T^ab of tiie protasis be an qf i^.-(fi) of the afodads a perfect, both most be tiBBslaled



B by the impeflBet sriQiiiictiTe



had been wHk



Stalm or Tarn.



c^ C^ ^



O ^i^ t»lt^ iktj/



it,



fU



2ni« Veri.-—!.



§6]



hewmm



Bam. a. The i^podons oi]^{$ vl>«> **« «w»««w. e«»pfo»»»«»tl



ftntune) dtparto.



^G J-^3 t*otonli$



is



likewise



a



historical perfect



tiie



;



is



verb governed in the



e.g.



w*l'St



*« v> 4» Vj



^>^ii



y^ iJl ^j*- Huif Ci^ O^ Jbr«MM iS]



J



tie tpeart



ti^ MBed timn;



wtu angry,



B



i/



0^3



is eared not



li,l>



^K, «ho$t sudden fits qf patthn



(f^t^ tJl ^ ^^ [OSy



or reilrieted, to



inteidaeed



tihe



wimiamed,nm'mdaUiadid:



Ja



dittdtmot; «>* Jjjj Jjji



amf



«^



&]



both daoses; as



4d mUo Sohmon



iCf^ U|i (Ji>^1 in 'riiyme tw



^fii^



m



% lend mmT iy



•Awara f«%«()H;



abnoat



very rare [in pease} to find 41 aonatrvad with



it ia



the joaaiTe like



irith



is often



Mp$t



(abrupt i^aaga of peraon, inateed «l



taiiH^ 4Bn(



flay



Ihe teaqiocal daom introdvoed by Ui



6.



lifMi ytw trwosf



tHUJ^ wAan y» ofw en beard i/



aas,



to iriwt period oi time tbeee onrrdated aetian*



ir« if ia toko



-



^/tnn



oiMf



^ nwM



ardar, tmfi^ *alai»



In



.



l^ia



mn6^



v^



that



one ai^



btgiiiitbuf



U{



ia



o| jk||



deuotea what



is poasiblck ||t



^ 0| V ^»d



af ifta month



AM smmlI



coma, huib Jt\f



what



ia



^



b|



(^^ mi;



h^«n I wsa



^ooui



ia



l^*



offoMi fAa



wfaieh the Aimfaie langoage has



* [Hie diCbranoe aacartained, ao that



L llf aajr;.). ^^i:*^ bdag pH^teafy a prapodMcn, hea no on the aignifi (JR. Sldur.



eflfoot



ISda view it



to adopt in



* [Tnamppk i>ar BtdXmifimiiima im AmiiaaAan, Kta. Bar. d. phiL OLdar K. B. AIokL d. Wiaannadi. sa HibidieiH 1881, p. 492 «an>i rqeeta the theory espoon^tod in ran. f Jji^



U^ JmTi^ Ij^ ji^



B



Tks F«rik-.l. fka 8tott$ or Tmum.



$«3



u



Tert> in



w



Ownp, S 187, ($ 12) with



.AiOl



the protavui



may never be a



l»ye bat one tense and no 6.



rwy



JmIi^



infinitive,



Jit a» aplattie as



In n^atire clauses the jussire wiikj^ rare exceptions as ^Cor^in ii 140



j^, it



'^



employed



Jm>^C^



id[»



t^ U J? »3^ vlsdf lAf «Mn MMvi ^



4,



it;



CfJ l^'*t



day



toul at



ami;



^



fc»i



tttl,



v'



tiie



ami wrang-



liMi that mmHeivmlg



«ull



JJk jik



^ ZtJ^ w« wiU



J^



yj^



|>«



(Onms^ GaF»gtaat)/ir0m ttmy wdi'iirtifflii ^^iIum



« mrb w^idi



;



{tu



or



^U



is



of iprrttnuMMfii ••



^ ^ v«rae



14^ iM* k4r^



SMnj^



stilt



uiorc dtsttnct,



/ db



»ifcctiiailuteip^-



footoote.



R.S.]



[So



Soimm;



Wkytken did ye



kill tke



o^l^ stand for ^0 cJt^



poetry after



Si)



see



Yd



I



§



m9,



r,



810



Pabt Taaak^^pOa*.



22



»



A



10.



To vxpim tlM



fiatare'pttfect, the imperfwst of



^



is ficeqiMStly



pfefizad to



intopoMd.



For example,



peifeet, the pwtaefe



gi



£



.



.



'



MHn^mes



o^h J^ \Ji **>V-« *•**" jr^*^^



J^6 ^i **a, u^ J*ii



^'



JtioA-iiJJ^^



lo^ uSJi



Tho Ver6.— 1.



5



jA^



[Bam. Xndepend«fiid«!»etiiiktrodtteedbjro*^>"'^



it thie (the eate),



CX* UaS



b^rnre oar parting it



How



hoar hat not pet gone bjftinee parting)!



adka mionthe thaU hitte patted ever



it !



I^tii»||*^^



Jm^UM



^^f^ iJS^^ wr dtpartwe i» dote at hand, tate ^t oar eamelt B ham ne$ pet moped (0" with oar taddtet {ie.ymh»n^hak iteerted);



cAk iui Jm3^ 01 4/'jW> Beeom J«w$ w



will b« gtuded urigU.



jf0



bjr



is



^6-



:



Otri*-



eqni^ent



to



witt bt glided aright.



See 817.'-



B



«Ja^



a.



loriti



oiuploycd



ill



and, aecoifding to the twhovA of Bafcm, nlw



an exception tu tlie ra)« UhU tlie juiwive may be Muiy gt-aminariAns altpw tlie iwo oorrelaUve clatiws.



no other corretatiw clanaes aftor tbese parUcleB, but thoNe ^bat oontiiiu



bjr



tho imperfect indicative of the stune verb, as ^U^l ^A,iP



m wiU I do.



,u tbon {lowt,



*Ji^



•



pffrmiaww. etc.;



^



1*9^



t^i



wiU



**



For exiuaple



:



'§



G



Im used



ill



imd tho



jussive



the two oorrehitivo clauseK,



J^f} jpi



l^l



wiU thou uot



emu to ms,



veiU thmt



Mt



tUiffkt



ntid



I tottf leU



(tKo»)



iih



.JwsT



^i^



^



emmtatke;



OW



b^mm



*J



t/^



'*"» *»-



(the uHtuber «/) tko



witt cut thy



Imd Mf (lit



>>L



idiom of the huigaage



$ iliu* U what hoM Cil ^ jt^T tW



«Ii3



mre for



(ahatt eertainfy



nmmbtr ef dt^; y^ it^Jf Ji*a
^r ^i^i



do you Ota



yJ^fM M^



«>•



flMTM cAmA, 1B*£^



fbtmmt



to



DM



aamt



time),



eotf oitt togt/Uun-:



S^Mi ^Sjifiii^



(^



Oi



tke



>***3 u!>' ******



I



not



and



JM



jfoitr



Jor



Mm tie



^



mtking



J^jh^



hrotkerfy offectUm t .iU-JI tke



««'



go



^J^



JMM J*



$am$ timet ^^¥3 u



MSaar



I



t*jjii ther^ore *jSe4



^Mt\



will he let



\^l



faiU^ul



her eat;



let



me s^



to



^



{my)



JM



^^



his



b^yi



D



^



fftt



Tswr ^ImaoKi-^^^SfHtw.



§ir]



Id



prmtmtiir/ktdrmt.] dte



mjr Iw ttq^Bed



mijr



titii



qwitod under «, ran. a,



|[or'fta



^Ulf Ij^.



wDidi Ijiul;



Mid NgMding ^i*^^



The jaMve



aapeadait spoa



beestiM.



«(e.,



Cif.



•Mtaed^ett otder



is,



•§ it were,



B Thrt tbts is tiM ocHfieot of



tike



as (^



vmI



is



when made tlwt



«um> »«3



Xffmt



^mn



kmt



I



wui ««iir>^w



vJ^>



^



fbattt,



^li*).



8 13.



(for



and often



M



fcyiiMitiy



•



«etB



wm /srg^



the aabsjanetive in



a



Mothw vwb



is



«*Mf



mH



fWNM^



after



AepartideoViM'.U'd



See



(/^



it



finally



R«K.



«( peraon of our impentiTe era oftm ref^beed ia Anlae by mi inperative with a^jtiCif



it



;



a pcrtic^



as it were, in



Hi^«p



•



as these ^fferaai kinds of Bonna oontMp



a



(a) ae sigitify to 90^ M^



/



ipvem



»



C-V



to



three accnsi^iveB



next to the verb



e.g. Ui>t| l^,«a



«•««{ to think Zeid, at



JllalV i_«0



B



^ v^o^*'



^t which



4^



say



{kei^ book woe broug^



woe tipproaiMng ; l^j



vtfotmied tkat 'A»tr



iJuS



come



the case, beeause



me;



Ji^



it



become the naninaAive vfaea the veth



If the verb should haiqpni to



6.



C^ ^''^



of greater importance than the thii^.



^