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BAB IV NERACA MASSA DAN NERACA ENERGI
4.1
Neraca Massa 4.1.1
Neraca Massa Overall
4.1.2
Neraca Massa Komponen
4.1.2.1 Crusher
Crusher
Gambar 4.2 Sistem rotary dryer
Tabel 4.2 Neraca Massa Sistem Crusher Komponen Air Hidrogen
Arus Masuk (kg/jam) Arus Keluar (kg/jam)
509.91251 509.91 0
0
Pati
3733.5392
3733.5
Serat
543.11294
543.11
Abu
4.0830062
4.083
Protein
8.5632685
8.5633
Lemak
42.67097
42.671
Kalsium Klorida
0
0
Dekstrin
0
0
Glukoamilase
0
0
a-amilase
0
0
Glukosa
0
0
Sorbitol
0
0
Asam Klorida
0
0
509.91251
509.91
Air Sub total
4853.5361
4853.5
Total
4853.5361
4853.5
4.1.2.2 Filter Press
Filter Press
Gambar 4.3 Sistem rotary dryer
Tabel 4.2 Neraca Massa Sistem Rotary Dryer Komponen Air Hidrogen
Arus Masuk (kg/jam) Arus Keluar (kg/jam)
509.91251 14559 15050.43 18.97 0
0
0
0
Pati
3733.5392
0
3546.862
186.68
Serat
543.11294
0
27.15565
515.96
Abu
4.0830062
0
0.20415
3.8789
Protein
8.5632685
0
8.563269
0
Lemak
42.67097
0
42.67097
0
Kalsium Klorida
0
0
0
0
Dekstrin
0
0
0
0
Glukoamilase
0
0
0
0
a-amilase
0
0
0
0
Glukosa
0
0
0
0
Sorbitol
0
0
0
0
Asam Klorida
0
0
0
0
Sub total
4841.8819
14559
18675.88
19401.36479
Total
725.48
19401.36479
4.1.2.3 Reaktor Liquifikasi
Reaktor Liquifikasi
Gambar 4.3 Sistem rotary dryer Tabel 4.3 Neraca Massa Sistem Reaktor Liquifikasi
0
0
Arus Keluar (kg/jam)
14923
0
0
0
0
Pati
3546.8622
0
0
106.406
Serat
27.155647
0
0
27.1556
Abu
0.2041503
0
0
0.20415
Protein
8.5632685
0
0
8.56327
Lemak
42.67097
0
0
42.671
0
0
3.546862
3.54686
Komponen Air Hidrogen
Kalsium Klorida
Arus Masuk (kg/jam)
15050.425
Dekstrin
0
0
0
3567.88
Glukoamilase
0
0
0
0
a-amilase
0
3.1035
0
3.1035
Glukosa
0
0
0
0
Sorbitol
0
0
0
0
Asam Klorida
0
0
0
0
Sub total
18675.882
3.1035
3.546862
19401.36479
Total
18682.5
19401.36479
4.1.2.4 Reaktor Sakarifikasi
Reaktor Sakarifikasi
>
Gambar 4.4 Sistem Reaktor Sakarifikasi Tabel 4.4 Neraca Massa Sistem Reaktor Sakarifikasi
Komponen Air
0
Arus Keluar (kg/jam)
14671
0
0
0
Arus Masuk (kg/jam)
14923.001
Hidrogen
0.429
Pati
106.40587
0
0
106.41
Serat
27.155647
0
0
27.156
Abu
0.2041503
0
0
0.2042
Protein
8.5632685
0
0
8.5633
Lemak
42.67097
0
0
42.671
Kalsium Klorida
3.5468622
0
0
6.1563
Dekstrin
3567.8807
0
0
35.679
0
0.532029
0.532
0
0
44.769
Glukosa
0
0
3784.5
Sorbitol
0
0
1.7161
0
Glukoamilase a-amilase
44.769003
Asam Klorida Sub total
18724.198
2.1452
0.532029
18728.61442
Total
1.7161 18729
18728.61442
4.1.2.5 Rotary Vacuum Filter
Rotary Vacuum Filter
Gambar 4.5 Sistem Rotary Vacuum Filter Tabel 4.5 Neraca Massa Sistem Rotary Vacuum Filter Komponen Air Hidrogen
Arus Masuk (kg/jam)
14671.13
Arus Keluar (kg/jam)
73.356 14597.77
0
0
0
Pati
106.40587
95.765
10.64059
Serat
27.155647
24.44
2.715565
Abu
0.2041503
0.1837
0.020415
Protein
8.5632685
0
8.563269
Lemak
42.67097
0
42.67097
Kalsium Klorida
6.1563432
0
6.156343
Dekstrin
35.678807
0
35.67881
Glukoamilase
0.5320293
0
0.532029
a-amilase
44.769003
0
44.769
Glukosa
3784.502
0
3784.502
Sorbitol
0
0
0
Asam Klorida
1.7161451 18729.484
1.716145 193.74
18535.74
sub total 18729.48425
18729.48425 Total 4.1.2.6 Membran Mikrofiltrasi
>
Membran Mikrofiltrasi
Gambar 4.6 Sistem Membran Mikrofiltrasi Tabel 4.6 Neraca Massa Sistem Membran Mikrofiltrasi Komponen Air Hidrogen
Arus Masuk (kg/jam)
14597.774
Arus Keluar (kg/jam)
0 14597.77
0
0
0
Pati
10.640587
9.5765
1.064059
Serat
2.7155647
2.444
0.271556
Abu
0.020415
0.0184
0.002042
Protein
8.5632685
7.7069
0.856327
Lemak
42.67097
38.404
4.267097
Kalsium Klorida
6.1563432
6.156343
Dekstrin
35.678807
35.67881
Glukoamilase
0.5320293
0.532
0
a-amilase
44.769003
44.769
0
Glukosa
3784.502
3784.502
Sorbitol
0
0
1.7161451
1.716145
Asam Klorida 18535.739
18432.29
103.45
sub total 18535.7395
18535.7395
Total 4.1.2.7 Kation Exchanger
>
Kation Exchanger
Gambar 4.7 Sistem Kation Exchanger Tabel 4.7 Neraca Massa Sistem Kation Exchanger Komponen Air Hidrogen
Arus Masuk (kg/jam)
14597.774
Arus Keluar (kg/jam)
0 14598
0
0
0
Pati
1.0640587
0
1.0641
Serat
0.2715565
0
0.2716
Abu
0.0020415
0
0.002
Protein
0.8563269
0
0.8563
Lemak
4.267097
0
4.2671
Kalsium Klorida
6.1563432
0
0.3078
Dekstrin
35.678807
0
35.679
Glukoamilase
0
0
0
a-amilase
0
0
0
Glukosa
3784.502
0
3784.5
Sorbitol
0
0
0
1.7161451
0
0.0858
Ca+
0
2.107577
0
Cl-
0
0
5.3266
H+
0
0.044667
0
Asam Klorida
18432.289
2.152244
18430
sub total 18432.28874
18432.28874
Total 4.1.2.8 Anion Exchanger
>
Anion Exchanger
Gambar 4.8 Sistem Anion Exchanger
Tabel 4.8 Neraca Massa Sistem Anion Exchanger Komponen Air Hidrogen
Arus Masuk (kg/jam)
14597.774
Arus Keluar (kg/jam)
0 14598
0
0
0
Pati
1.0640587
0
1.0641
Serat
0.2715565
0
0.2716
Abu
0.0020415
0
0.002
Protein
0.8563269
0
0.8563
Lemak
4.267097
0
4.2671
Kalsium Klorida
0.3078172
0
0.3078
Dekstrin
35.678807
0
35.679
Glukoamilase
0
0
0
a-amilase
0
0
0
Glukosa
3784.502
0
3784.5
Sorbitol
0
0
0
Asam Klorida
0
0
0
Ca+
0
0
0
Cl-
5.3266202
5.32662
H+
0
0
0
18430.051
5.32662
18425
sub total
18430.05069 Total
0
18430.05069
4.1.2.9 Evaporator Effect 1
>
Evaporator Effect 1
Gambar 4.9 Sistem Evaporator Effect 1 Tabel 4.9 Neraca Massa Sistem Evaporator Effect 1 Komponen Air Hidrogen
Arus Masuk (kg/jam)
14597.774
Arus Keluar (kg/jam)
7664.6 6933.21
0
0
0.00
Pati
1.0640587
0
1.06
Serat
0.2715565
0
0.27
Abu
0.0020415
0
0.00
Protein
0.8563269
0
0.86
Lemak
4.267097
0
4.27
Kalsium Klorida
0.3078172
0
0.31
Dekstrin
35.678807
0
35.68
Glukoamilase
0
0
0.00
a-amilase
0
0
0.00
Glukosa
3784.502
0
3784.50
Sorbitol
0
0
0.00
Asam Klorida
0
0
0.00
Ca+
0
0
0.00
Cl-
0
0
0.00
H+
0
0.000006
0.00
18424.724
sub total
7664.6
18424.72407
10760.16
18424.72407
Total 4.1.2.10
Evaporator Effect 2
>
Evaporator Effect 2
Gambar 4.10 Sistem Evaporator Effect 2 Tabel 4.10 Neraca Massa Sistem Evaporator Effect 2 Komponen Air
Arus Masuk (kg/jam)
6933.21
Arus Keluar (kg/jam)
3201.7 3731.51
Hidrogen
0.00
0
0.00
Pati
1.06
0
1.06
Serat
0.27
0
0.27
Abu
0.002
0
0.00
Protein
0.86
0
0.86
Lemak
4.27
0
4.27
Kalsium Klorida
0.31
0
0.31
Dekstrin
35.68
0
35.68
Glukoamilase
0.00
0
0.00
a-amilase
0.00
0
0.00
Glukosa
3784.50
0
3784.50
Sorbitol
0.00
0
0.00
Asam Klorida
0
0
0.00
Ca+
0
0
0.00
Cl-
0
0
0.00
H+
0. 0.00000008
0.00
10760.157
sub total
3201.7
10760.1573
7558.46 10760.1573
Total 4.1.2.11
Reaktor Hidrogenasi
Reaktor Hidrogenasi
Gambar 4.11 Sistem Reaktor Hidrogenasi Tabel 4.11 Neraca Massa Sistem Reaktor Hidrogenasi
0
0
Arus Keluar (kg/jam)
6933.21
0
41.209
4.579
4.6
Pati
1.06
0
0
1.1
Serat
0.27
0
0
0.3
Abu
0
0
0
0.0000
Protein
0.86
0
0
0.9
Lemak
4.27
0
0
4.3
0
0
0
0
Komponen Air Hidrogen
Kalsium Klorida
Arus Masuk (kg/jam)
6933.21
Dekstrin
35.68
0
0
36
Glukoamilase
0
0
0
0
a-amilase
0
0
0
0
Glukosa
3784.50
0
0
75.69
Sorbitol
0
0
0
3750.02
Asam Klorida
0
0
0
0
Nikel
0
0
0
0
10759.84
Sub total
41.209
4.579
10805.635
Total
10805.6 10805.635
4.1.2.12 Flash Drum
Flash Drum
> Gambar 4.12 Sistem Flash Drum Tabel 4.12 Neraca Massa Sistem Flash Drum Komponen Air
Arus Masuk (kg/jam)
6933.2076
Arus Keluar (kg/jam)
0 6933.208
Hidrogen
4.6
4.5788
0
Pati
1.1
0
1.064059
Serat
0.3
0
0.271556
Abu
0
0
0
Protein
0
0
0
Lemak
0
0
0
Kalsium Klorida
0
0
0
Dekstrin
36
0
35.67881
Glukoamilase
0
0
0
a-amilase
0
0
0
Glukosa
76
0
75.69004
Sorbitol
3750
0
3750.021
Asam Klorida
0
0
0
Ca+
0
0
0
Cl-
0
0
0
H+
6933.2076
0
6933.208
6939.122
4.5788
6934.543
sub total
6939.121979
Total
4.1.2.13
6939.121979
Spray Dryer
Spray Dryer
> Gambar 4.13 Sistem Spray Dryer Tabel 4.13 Neraca Massa Sistem Spray Dryer Komponen Air Hidrogen
Arus Masuk (kg/jam)
6933.2076
Arus Keluar (kg/jam)
6930 3.224947
0
0
0
Pati
1.0640587
0
1.064059
Serat
0.2715565
0
0.271556
Abu
0
0
0
Protein
0
0
0
Lemak
0
0
0
Kalsium Klorida
0
0
0
35.678807
0
35.67881
Glukoamilase
0
0
0
a-amilase
0
0
0
Glukosa
75.69004
0
75.69004
Sorbitol
3750.021
0
3750.021
Asam Klorida
0
0
0
Ca+
0
0
0
Cl-
0
0
0
H+
0
0
0
10795.933
6930
Dekstrin
sub total Total
10795.93305
3865.95
10795.93305
4.2 Neraca Energi Perhitungan neraca energi merupakan prinsip dasar dalam perancangan desain pabrik kimia. Berdasarkan neraca energi, dapat digunakan sebagai penentu kebutuhan utilitas (listrik dan air pendingin) untuk proses dalam pabrik. Dalam perhitungan ini berlaku teori hukum kekekalan energi dengan asumsi bahwa aliran steady state. Data-data perencanaan produksi : Kapasitas Produksi Sorbitol : 30.000 ton/tahun Hari Kerja
: 330 hari
Jam Kerja
: 24 jam
Jumlah Produksi
: 3.865 kg/jam
Basis Perhitungan
: 1 jam operasi
Satuan Panas
: kilo Joule (kJ)
Trefference
: 25oC (298 K
4.2.1
Cooker
Cooker
∆H3
∆H4
Gambar 4.14 Sistem Cooker Tabel 4.14 Neraca Energi Sistem Cooker ΔH in (kJ/Jam)
ΔH out (kJ/Jam)
ΔH3
8.926.892
ΔH4
8.926.892
Total
8.926.892
Total
8.926.892
4.2.2 Reaktor Liquifikasi ∆H5
∆H4
Reaktor Liquifikasi
∆Hcw Gambar 4.15 Sistem Reaktor Liquifikasi Tabel 4.15 Neraca Energi Sistem Reaktor Liquifikasi ΔH in (kJ/Jam)
ΔH4
10,695,915
ΔH out (kJ/Jam) 1,062,979 ΔHcw ΔH5
Total 10,695,915 4.2.3
9,632,935
Total 10,695,915
Cooler ∆H6 Cooler
∆H5 Gambar 4.16 Sistem Cooler
∆Hcw
Tabel 4.16 Neraca Energi Sistem Cooler ΔH in (kJ/Jam)
ΔHcw
3,593,636
ΔH7
5,246,404
8,853,004
ΔH6
Total 4.2.4
ΔH out (kJ/Jam)
8,853,004
Total
8,853,004
Reaktor Sakarifikasi ∆H8 ∆H7
Reaktor Sakarifikasi
∆Hcw
Gambar 4.16 Sistem Reaktor Sakarifikasi Tabel 4.16 Neraca Energi Sistem Reaktor Sakarifikasi ΔH in (kJ/Jam)
ΔH out (kJ/Jam) ΔH8
ΔH7
6,165,734 ΔHcw
Total 4.2.5
5,192,558
6,165,734
Total
973,176 6,165,734
Evaporator 1 ∆H10 Evaporator 1
∆H9
∆Hcw Gambar 4.17 Sistem Evaporator 1
Tabel 4.17 Neraca Energi Sistem Evaporator 1 ΔH in (kJ/Jam)
ΔH out (kJ/Jam) ΔH10
ΔH9
4,692,035
5,550,032 ΔHcw 5,550,032
Total 4.2.6
973,176 5,550,032
Total
Evaporator 2 ∆H10
∆H11 Evaporator 2
∆Hcw Gambar 4.18 Sistem Evaporator 2 Tabel 4.18 Neraca Energi Sistem Evaporator 2 ΔH in (kJ/Jam)
ΔH10
ΔHcw Total 4.2.7
4,692,035
ΔH out (kJ/Jam)
ΔH11
7,104,572
2,412,537 7,104,572
7,104,572
Total
Heater ∆H11 ∆H12 Heater
∆HQ Gambar 4.19 Sistem Heater
Tabel 4.19 Neraca Energi Sistem Heater ΔH in (kJ/Jam)
ΔH11
4.2.8
5,112,950
ΔH out (kJ/Jam)
ΔH12
ΔHQ
1,992,590
Total
7,105,540 Total
7,105,540
7,105,540
Reaktor Hidrogenasi ∆H13 ∆H12
Reaktor Hidrogenasi
∆Hcom
Gambar 4.19 Sistem Reaktor Hidrogenasi Tabel 4.19 Neraca Energi Sistem Evaporator 1 ΔH in (kJ/Jam)
ΔH out (kJ/Jam)
ΔH13
6,894,496
ΔHcom
3,794,046
ΔH12 10,688,542
Total
10,688,542
Total
10,688,542
