BIM Methodology & Guide [PDF]

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INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING (BIM)



NURMAZLINA NABILAH BT MOHD AZMI PROFESSIONAL INVOLVEMENT ❖ BIM Consultant, ❖ Trainer Management ❖ Construction Management ❖ Quality Assurance/ Quality Control



QUALIFICATION ❖ Master of Science in Green Architecture (on-going) ❖ Bsc. Of Science (Hons) Construction Management ❖ Diploma in Building Construction



+6 012 4338345 [email protected] Kelana Square, Kelana Jaya, Selangor



CERTIFICATION ❖ Train The Trainer Program by HRDF ❖ BIM Management & Practice by BuildingSMART ❖ BIM Concept & Theory mybimcentre EXPERIENCE ❖ Executive Member, BuildingSMART Malaysia. ❖ Third Party trainer for GAMUDA ❖ Trainer for Jabatan Pendidikan Kolej Komuniti (JPKK) ❖ Sr. Project Executive/ BIM Executive, Ascension Tech S/B ❖ QAQC Executive, IJM Construction. ❖ Document Controller, Awangsabina S/B ❖ Site Supervisor



course overview 1.0



What is BIM ?



2.0



BIM Concept



3.0



Why BIM ?



7.0



BIM Practice



4.0



BIM Terminology



8.0



Benefits of BIM



9.0



BIM Execution Plan (BEP)



5.0



CAD vs BIM



10.0



BIM Tools and Categories



6.0



BIM Methodology



11.0



Q&A Session



What is bim?



WHAT IS BIM? WHAT IS BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING (BIM )? Planning Information



Design Information Building Information Management Information



Data-rich database with all required building information



Virtual Design Analyze Communication RFI’s Estimates



As-Built Submittals



Facilities Management Schedules



BIM DEFINITION



SOURCE



BIM is a process for creating and managing information on a construction project across the project lifecycle. One of the key outputs of this process is the Building Information Model.



National Building Specification



BIM is a digital representation of physical and functional characteristics of a facility.



The National Institute of Building Standards (NIBS)



BIM is one of the most promising developments in the AEC industries. With BIM technology, one or more accurate virtual models of a building are constructed digitally.



BIM Handbook, Second Edition (Eastman et al., 2013).



BIM is a parametric, 3D model that is used Autodesk Revit to generate plans, sections, elevations, Architecture 2011 perspectives, details, schedules-all of the necessary components to document the design of a building.



Evolution of design process



HAND DRAFTING



COMPUTER AIDED DRAFTING



BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING



Bim concept



BIM CONCEPT Aerospace Industry



Automotive Industry Build Digitally on the computer! Adopted in automotive company such as BMW, Porsche, Honda, Audi, Volkswagen, Volvo, Ford etc. Used for car structures-door beams, IP support, bumper beams, roof rails, side ails, body components because CATIA capabilities in Computer Representation of surfaces.



Build Digitally on the computer!



BUILD THE BUILDING TWICE



Building Physically



Build Digitally 9



BUILDING WORKS



V S



BIM CONCEPT BIM Not just a software package. BIM is a process which applies over to whole building lifecycle



Why bim?



WHY BIM?



Reduce Waste ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼



Time Money Effort Material



Improve ◼ ◼ ◼



Efficiency Coordination Design



Based on CITP (2017) construction industry by using traditional method lead wastage 30% of costs relate to coordination between project stakeholder, discrepancies, inefficiencies and material wastage.



WHY BIM?



Visualization and Communication



WHY BIM? Coordination



WHY BIM? Communication between stakeholders



BIM TOOL ADOPTION USAGE



Why people using BIM ?



Source: Journal of Information Technology in Construction



BIM DELIVERS VALUE TODAY Reduced Conflicts During Construction



Improved Collective Understanding of Design Intent



Improved Overall Project Quality



Reduced Changes During Construction



Reduced Number of RFIs



Better Cost Control/Predictability 0%



10%



20%



30%



40%



50%



60%



70%



Source: McGraw Hill Construction 2009 Smart Market Report



BIM TERMINOLOGY



BIM TERMINOLOGY – 3D bim In 1970’s Eastman criticizes that drawings for construction are inefficient and cause redundancies of one object that is represented at several scales.



3D – Building Modeling Leonid Raiz and Irwin Jungreis written the first line of ‘BIM Software’ in 1998 and shipped the First Version in April 2000.2002 Autodesk buy the software.



BIM TERMINOLOGY – 4d bim The Revolution Begin Revit had revolutionized the world of Building Information Modeling by creating a platform that utilized a visual programming environment for creating parametric families and allowing for a time attribute to be added to the component to allow a “fourth-dimension” of time to be associated with the building model. This enables the contractors to generate construction schedules and simulate the construction process



4D – Schedule & Simulation



BIM TERMINOLOGY – 4d bim



3D + schedule The schedule can be created directly in the 4D software or be imported (e.g. MS Project, Primavera). 4D softwares (e.g. Navisworks, Synchro, VICO)



BIM TERMINOLOGY – 5D bim Definition: 5D



=



3D – Building Modeling



+ Cost



Adoption of 3D models is paving the way for 5D Simulation ➢



Possibility to evaluate in real time the impact of design changes on schedules and cost



➢



Requires however real time integration of geometric models, schedules and cost



5D Simulation – Cost estimating



BIM TERMINOLOGY – 5D bim



5D to visualize the progress of construction activities and its related costs.5D softwares (e.g: CostX, VICO Office)



BIM TERMINOLOGY – 6D



6D – SUSTAINABILITY



BIM TERMINOLOGY – 7D



6D to operate and maintain on the completed building.Extracting BIM data for FM ie; Quantities data, elements data, spaces data, materials data & room data.Then enriching BIM data for FM Warranty, Maintenance budget, Inspections & User data. 6D softwares (e.g: ARCHIBUS, Autodesk FMDesktop)



LOD (LEVEL OF DETAILS)



Level of development/DETAILS (lod)



Level of development (lod) LOD Objectives:



To help teams specify BIM deliverables and to get a clear picture of what will be included in BIM deliverables. To help design managers explain to their teams the information and details that need to be provided at various points in the design process. To provide a standard that can be referenced by contracts and BIM execution plans.



Bim uses



Level of bim maturity



BIM MATURITY



Stage of bim capability



Stage of bim in malaysia



CAD vs BIM



Cad vs bim



CAD COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN / DRAFTING?



BIM BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING What’s the difference?



2D DRAFTING In 2D, Everything is a line or a region ◼



Circle



= A round line



◼



Square = 4 lines



◼



Column = A closed, filled in line



◼



Wall



= 2 parallel lines



◼



Door



= A bunch of lines



In 3D, we extrude lines to make surfaces and solids ◼



Boxes, Cylinders, etc…



◼



Unlimited Representative Geometry



SOLID VS SURFACE MODELING



Surface



Solid



34



TRADITIONAL WORKFLOW



Plan



Sect



Elev



• All documents created separately. • Labor intensive. • 3D model created LAST.



3D Viz



The BIM Difference



Difference between cad and bim



Difference between cad and bim



BIM ◼ The computer understands a Wall is a Wall,



door is a door, etc. ◼ Object based modeling



bim



◼ Parameter modeling = Object specific data



which drives form or conveys information



Difference between cad and bim ◼ Parameter = Object specific data which drives



form or conveys information ◼ Dimensional Info (length, width, area, volume) ◼ Identification Info ◼ Location Info ◼ Materials ◼ Type ◼ Are there several variations on an object (wall/door/window)



PARAMETRIC families object MODELING



Difference between cad and bim



Difference between cad and bim



Multiple views are generated from one model, such as: - Floor Plans - Sections - Elevations - Details



BIM WORKFLOW • 3D model created FIRST. • All documents created as result of model. • Labor efficient. • Allows for downstream integration



Plan



Sect



Elev



BOQ



4D



PHYSICAL Data



Architecture



Structures



Software



MEP



Civil



I N F O R M T I O N



DIGITAL MODEL



DRAWING BASED VS MODEL BASED



BIM METHODOLOGY



MODEL FILES ◼ Usually, the building model is broken up into ‘Discipline Specific’



models Arch



Struct



MEP



Fab.



◼ Discipline specific models are assembled into a ‘Federated’ or



‘Aggregate’ model, for coordination use. ◼ Quality issues pertain to how smoothly these models go together ◼ Orientation, file format, file naming, units, etc.



FEDERATED MODELS



Documentation Scheduling Visualisation



Clash Detection / Coordination



Taking-off



Analysis



Cost Estimation



USES OF MODEL



Models are created for a wide range of purposes, where for in house use or for coordination and contract purposes. This range includes: ◼ Visualisation, communication and coordination ◼ Data extraction ◼ Document production ◼ Simulation and analysis ◼ Significant impact upon content and detail of objects in model



RFI’s



Estimates



Facilities Management



Submittals



As-Built



Schedules



TYPES OF MODEL



Not all models are created equal. I. Design Modeling II. Documentation Modeling III. Construction Modeling IV. Coordination Modeling



DESIGN MODELING ◼ Establish ‘Design Intent’ ◼ Architects ◼ Emphasis



on visualization rather than



accuracy ◼ Engineers ◼ Used in Analysis ◼ Not particularly useful for collaboration & coordination



DESIGN MODELING



DOCUMENTATION MODELING ◼ 3d model developed expressly for purpose of



2d documentation ◼ ◼



Essence of what Revit does Process can involve migration of ‘Design Model’ from 3d program to 2d drafting platform



◼ Model should be accurate ◼



Project coordinates & Element sizes



◼ Appropriate for sharing in a collaborative



coordination environment ◼ Can be an essential tool for complex building



DOCUMENTATION MODELING



CONSTRUCTION MODELING



◼ Accuracy is PARAMOUNT ◼



Model intended for use in construction & fabrication



◼ Generating 2d drawings is not a key priority, ◼



Model can be used to generate shop drawings



◼ Fundamental difference in HOW and WHY



the model is created



DESIGN MODELING VS CONSTRUCTION MODELING ◼



Wall Modeled as a single element



◼



Column Modeled as a single element



◼



Slabs cut-off at wall



◼



Slabs support walls



◼



Built in response to how architects think about ‘Design’



◼



Built in response to how the structure is intended to be constructed



◼



Wall Modeled by floor level/as built ◼



Column Modeled by floor level/as built



COORDINATION MODELING ◼ An Activity based upon previously created



models ◼



◼



Either Documentation Models or Construction Models can be used. Created by Architects or Engineers or Builders or Trades



◼ Discipline v. Aggregate Model ◼



Discipline is specific, Aggregate is combined



◼ For use in ◼



clash detection, data extraction, program check, timeline simulation, etc.



COORDINATION MODELING



The point ◼ Not everybody’s model is the same. ◼ What matters is keeping the GEOMETRY



consistent. ◼



Tracking design development and change is the true challenge of BIM



◼ Understanding what you are doing in the



beginning will guide you in selecting software, knowing how long it will take and how detailed of a model you need



BIM PRACTICE



Bim practice The model, and the physical building delivered according to objectives



With BIM we talk a lot about of information through the process. The question is who manages the model?



TECHNOLOGY Mutual accountability; collaboration; integrated information



PEOPLE



PROCESS Modelling & simulation; production management; metrics.



Bim responsibility CLIENT



DESIGN TEAM (ARCHITECT, ENGINEER AND QUANTITY SURVEYOR)



CONSTRUCTION TEAM (CONTRACTOR, NSC, SUPPLIER)



• To develop a general outline for design development • To deliver a model for operation and maintenance decision-making throughout a building’s life cycle • To model an accurate representation of the existing conditions for a site, building, adjacent facilities or services • To transform the buildings design into a workable model • To provide cost analyses throughout the project life cycle • To execute model analyses in order to increase the performance, suitability and productivity throughout the project life cycle • To streamline the coordination of BIM models in order to resolve conflicts before and during construction • To produce a detailed model ready for pre-fabrication activities • To capture completed as-built parametric and geometric information of a project in a model.



BIM IMPLEMENTATION RFI’s



Estimates



As-Built Submittals



Facilities Management



Schedules



Inception PLAN Risk Study



DESIGN Concept Review Simulation



Submission KM DO



BP



PROCUREMENT



Tender



CONSTRUCTION Contract Admin Monitoring Troubleshooting



Discrepancies Check Planning (WP) Coordination Trades



Subcon



Consultants



etc



CLOSURE



CPC



DLP CCC



Facility Management



Asset Management



OVERVIEW OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT AREAS & MANAGEMENT PROCESS FROM PMBOK



Source: PMBOK



The Differences between 3D Model and 2D Drawings BIM MODEL



Retrace/Remodel (based on 2D) Sub Con 2D – Main Con. Remodel – BIM Model



MAIN CONTRACTOR SUB-CON



SUB-CON



SHOP DRAWING – USING 2D



SHOP DRAWING – USING 3D MODEL



-



Fast Coordinated Revised in 3D



INTEGRATED TEAMS SAVE TIME&MONEY TRADITIONAL Draw for interpretation



Interpret & Redraw



Verify



Fabricate



Assemble



Coordination Risk



DESIGN & BUILD Draw for fabrication



MONEY & TIME Verify



Fabricate



Assemble



Coordination risk



COLLABORATIVE AND INTEGRATED TEAM Model for understanding



Model for coordination



MONEY & TIME Coordination Risk



Fabricate



Assemble



Source: RICS module



CONSTRUCTION LIFECYCLE < ----------- ACTIVITIES -------------- >



DESIGN



Inception



Concept



PLAN Review



Risk Study



KM DO



PROCUREMENT



BP



Contract Admin PQP



Estimates



CLOSURE



Monitoring



DLP CPC CCC



Facility Management



RFI RFI RFI RFI RFI RFI RFI RFI RFI RFI



Costing



Simulation



Submission



CONSTRUCTION



Tender



Marketing / Sales



Discrepancies Check Troubleshooting



Planning (WP) Reporting Coordination Trades



Subcon etc



Consultants



Pre-comp



Disputes Resolution



Method Statement



As Built Material Submission



Prolongation works



Disruption works



VO’s



Testing



Progress Updates



Shop Drawings



Change Orders



Commissioning



EOT



Asset Management



BIM MODELING WORKFLOW



A typical BIM process can be defined through a BIM modelling workflow, which is essential for efficient data sharing during the process of project collaboration. The following diagram describes a Common Data Environment (CDE) approach which allows information to be shared between all project members through 4 modelling stages of a BIM project. The following 4 modelling steps in a BIM modelling workflow are not to be confused with the 6 project stages. (i.e. from Conceptual Design to FM). Certain modelling steps may be repeated or omitted in different project stages, depending on the specific deliverables of each project stage.



MODEL QUALITY



◼ Duplicate and co-incidental model objects ◼ ◼



◼ ◼



◼



◼



◼ Reporting & Recording Versions



Who models what? Building Grid Structural v. Non-Structural elements Timing of Handover ◼ Related to project schedule Project setup, standards and coordinated efforts ◼ Responsibility Matrix v. Index of Elements Nuances of the programs being used ◼ Revit has plenty



◼ ◼



◼



◼



Model sharing/tracking issue Increased difficulty as project grows and timeline shrinks Software packages to track this ◼ Responsibility of model manager Avoid ‘The Blame Game’



25



MODEL QUALITY



◼ Incorrect object use creates bad karma ◼ ◼ ◼



Objects have categories Walls = Walls, Doors = Doors, Rails = Rails, etc. These categories should be respected ◼



◼



If not, the method of modelling needs to be communicated downstream. Can result in abortive work and limited model use.



81



MODEL QUALITY ◼ Data on building storeys ◼ ◼



Floor area, uses, penetrations Vertical Circulation



◼ Space Compliance with project parameters ◼ ◼



Room uses, sizes, finishes, adjacencies Linking Data to other software ◼



Excel, Access, etc.



82



MODEL STRUCTURE ◼ Element Sizes, Locations, Materials,



Configuration ◼ Combining models effectively



MODEL STRUCTURE



84



DESIGN CHECK Are key design elements working properly? Or is there misunderstanding about ‘design intent?



85



BIM COLLABORATION SOFTWARE



INDUSTRY FOUNDATION CLASSES (IFC) IFC specifications define the content and structure for BIM data that is independent of individual applications to exchange between relevant BIM-Authoring tools. It is a neutral platform



Basically to facilitate interoperability in the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry (or AECO to include Operations), and is a commonly used collaboration format in BIM-based-projects



BENEFITS OF BIM



Better Construction Management Issues in conventional construction phase Issues:



Delays



Cost Overrun



Fragmented



Inaccurate As-built



Reduction of productivity & Leads to Additional cost at every phase



Bim implementation RFI’s



Estimates



As-Built Submittals



Facilities Management



Schedules



Inception PLAN Risk Study



DESIGN Concept Review Simulation



Submission KM DO



BP



PROCUREMENT



Tender



CONSTRUCTION Contract Admin Monitoring Troubleshooting



Discrepancies Check Planning (WP) Coordination Trades



Subcon



Consultants



etc



CLOSURE



CPC



DLP CCC



Facility Management



Asset Management



CONSTRUCTION LIFECYCLE



DESIGN STAGE Q.S



Developer Architect



Analysis



C&S Eng



MEP



Construction stage Estimates



RFI’s



Contractor



As-Built Submittals



Facilities Management



Schedules



Construction stage



Conventional Method To Raise a Request For Information (RFI).



Figure: Process to raise a RFI by using conventional method.



Construction stage



Construction stage



Uncoordinated



Coordinated



Fragmented Isolated Collaborated



Construction stage Project A – RM660mil building project – involved in 80companies of various disciplines; 140 personnel excl. general worker; 35 types of documents generating over 78,000 pages of document – Thus, a large amount of time & effort is expended on managing and checking through this information instead of more productive tasks such as innovating, planning and executing



Project B – RM340mil building project – 321 RFI’s in 9 months – Time and cost spent to raise and follow up the RFI instead of productive task to monitor the physical works on site



POTENTIAL IMPROVEMENT CASE STUDY 1 (without BIM)



CASE STUDY 2 (with BIM)



RFI’s due to Conflicts during CONSTRUCTION



677



2



Change Orders due to Conflicts during CONSTRUCTION



311



0



% Rework Hours compared to Total Hours



20%



Minutes per day spent resolving issues between MEP trades



180



OUTCOME METRICS



Less than 1% 20-30



FACILITY MANAGEMENT stage



Facility Management



FACILITY MANAGEMENT stage



CONSTRUCTION DRAWING



CONSTRUCTION STARTED



CONFLICT



Flow chart for As-Built Drawing Process



DESIGN CHANGES



REVISED SET OF DRAWINGS SUBMITTED BY A CONTRACTOR



Facility management stage



FM MANAGEMENT DASHBOARD BY USING QR CODE



COMMON DATA ENVIRONMENT (cde)



BIM MODELING WORKFLOW A typical BIM process can be defined through a BIM modelling workflow, which is essential for efficient data sharing during the process of project collaboration. The following diagram describes a Common Data Environment (CDE) approach which allows information to be shared between all project members through 4 modelling stages of a BIM project. The following 4 modelling steps in a BIM modelling workflow are not to be confused with the 6 project stages. (i.e. from Conceptual Design to FM). Certain modelling steps may be repeated or omitted in different project stages, depending on the specific deliverables of each project stage.



BIM COLLABORATION SOFTWARE



BIM EXECUTION PLAN (BEP)



WHAT IS BIM EXECUTION PLAN (BEP)? A sets of document to facilitate the management of information on the project Includes contractual information exchange requirements alongside the wider project deliverables established by the contract



EMPLOYER INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS (EIR)



4 STEPS TO SET UP BEP



Questions to be answered in BEP ◼:BIM Modelling Requirements ◼Who



model what? ◼What type of model? ◼What level of detail is required? ◼What is the purpose of the model?, What is it going to be used for? ◼How are models created? Software & Methodology ◼How will the model data be exchanged? ◼What is the expected longevity of building data? ◼Process: methodology/ sequence of model



◼Model checking Method ◼Visual



checks ◼Interference checks ◼Code/standard checks ◼Element validation



BIM TOOLS & CATAGORIES



Software that can report on qualities and estimate cost. Application:CostX Cubicost Revit (schedule)



Authoring



Estimating An application that can take a process or construction sequence and display it visually. Application:• Autodesk - Navisworks Timeliner - Inventor Publisher (assemblies) • Synchro • Bentley ConstructSIM • Trimble - Vico Office Suite - SketchUp (Scene animations)



An authoring application can be used to design a virtual building, object or landscape in three dimensions. Applications:- Autodesk (AutoCAD/Revit) - Bentley MicroStation - Graphisoft ArchiCAD - Trimble (Tekla/ SketchUp)



Coordination



BIM Visualization



Sequencing



Highly specialized tools that can check for quality and conformance to very specific requirements. Application:• Autodesk - Vasari (sustainability) - Green Building Studio (energy) - Robot (structural) • Leica Cyclone • Bentley Hevacomp • Graphisoft EcoDesigner • Solibri Model Checker



Analysis & Measurement



Review tools that can compare two different models. Applications:• Autodesk - Navisworks Manage (desktop) - BIM 360 Glue (Cloud-based) • Bentley Navigator • Trimble Tekla BIMSight



Review tools are capable of creating photo realistic images or animations od a project. Applications:• Autodesk - Revit (Rendering) - Navisworks (presenter) - 3DS Max design - Maya • Graphisoft BIMx • Lumion • AR Media • ….etc.



End