English For Nurse 2019 [PDF]

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ENGLISH FOR NURSING Used for IELTS test preparation and Clinical Practice Diploma and Profession Ners



Compiled by: Dr. Nyoman Ribek S.Kep Ns M.Pd dr. Made Januarbawa I Made Juliarta, S.S.,M.Hum Kadek Putri Yamayanti S.S



NURSING DEPARTMENT HEALTH POLYTECHNIC OF DENPASAR



1



Preface



First of all, I want to say thanks to Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasca, who is very loving because this book can be arranged and printed. . This book is intended to facilitate prospective nurses in learning English. English for nurses is very important considering that many foreign patients seek treatment in Bali and many Indonesian nurses want to work abroad such as australia, Canada and America. This book has material taken from several books and daily experiences in nurse practice. In the era of globalization, English has a very important role because this language is used throughout the world. Therefore we must improve English language skills, so that they are ready for future challenges and occupations. This book is very easy to learn in any way. I hope this book will make a good and useful contribution to all of us. We realize that this book is far from perfect. Therefore, he is waiting for input and criticism about this book



Denpasar, July 2019



Penulis



2



CONTENTS Preface ..................................................................



i



Content …………………………………………………………………………………



ii



Unit 1 Nurse ...............................................................



1



Unit 2 Primary Health Care...............................................



14



Unit 3 Kids Club r .........................................................



22



Unit 4 Care Giver Toursm ……………………………………………....



28



Unit 5 Hypertensio .......................................................



37



Unit 6 Home Care .........................................................



48



Unit 7 Complementer ....................................................



60



Unit 8 Community Health Nursing .....................................



71



Unit 9 Diarhea ............................................................



76



Unit 10 Upper Respiratory Tract Infection ..............................



86



Unit 11 Blood Sugar Disease .............................................



96



Unit 12 Uric Acid ........................................................



118



Unit 13 Back Pain .......................................................



126



Unit 14 Tingling ..........................................................



139



References ............................................................... 150



3



UNIT 1



THE NURSES



Analysis: Article, noun, demonstrative, verb, present tense Nurse is a person who has a minimum diploma with a diploma 3 education and has a competency test certificate. Perawat adalah seorang yang memiliki ijazah minimal dengan pendidikan diploma 3 Keperawatan dan memiliki sertifikat uji kompetensi. Nurse can be a health service leader, health counselor, provide health services and conduct health research. Perawat itu bisa menjadi



pemimpin pelayanan kesehatan,



penyuluh kesehatan,



memberi



pelayanan kesehatan dan melakukan riset kesehatan Nurses usually work in hospitals, community health centers and can also practice on their own. Perawat biasanya bekerja di Rumah sakit, di puskesmas dan bisa juga melakukan praktek sendiri. If nurses work in hospitals or health centers or clinics. First, you must have a nurse's work permit, but if the nurse opens an independent practice, you must have a nurse practice permit (SIPP). Kalau perawat bekerja di Rumah sakit atau puskesmas atau klinik. Pertama harus memiliki surat ijin kerja perawat tetapi kalau perawat buka praktek mandiri harus memiliki surat ijin praktek perawat ( SIPP ). This SIPP is very useful for future such as openindependent practice. SIPP ini sangat berguna untuk masa depan seperti praktik mandiri. A story I have a friend who is anurse named Mr. Joni, He has been a nurse for 20 years. Suatu cerita, saya memiliki teman seorang perawat bernama tuan joni. Ia telah menjadi seorang perawat selama 20 tahun. He works at the community health center and practices as independent nurses. Mr. Joni lives in a small house in a small village. He lives far from urban centers. Ia bekerja di Puskesmas dan praktek mandiri perawat. Tuan joni tinggal di rumah kecil di desa kecil . Ia tinggal jauh dari dari pusat perkotaan



4



Mr. Joni has a wife with 3 children, 2 sons and one daughter. All of his children need attention and affection. Everyday, they only eat eggs as a side dishes. They are stillstudents. The fisrt child studies in high school, second in junior high and third in elementary school. Tuan Joni mempunyai seorang istri dengan 3 anak, 2 anak laki dan satu anak perempuan. Semua anaknya membutuhkan perhatian dan kasih sayang. Setiap hari hanya makan dengan lauk sebutir telur.Mereka masih belajar.Anak pertama di SMU, kedua di SMP dan ketiga di SD. Although Mr. Joni works hard day and night by opening his own practice, he could not fulfill other than their daily needs. He cannot give his child a new car or motorcycle. The children never go abroad because their economic conditions. Meskipun Tuan Joni bekerja keras siang dan malam dengan membuka praktek, ia tidak dapat memenuhi kebutuhan keluarganya dengan gaya tinggi. Ia tidak dapat memberikan anaknya mobil atau sepeda motor baru. Ia tidak pernah mengajak anaknya tamasya ke luar negeri karena kondisi ekonomi. When they eat together, Mr. Joni always asks for understanding of his child. The monthly salary is not enough for one month. So he had to work more by opening a nurse practice.



Pada saat makan bersama, Tuan Joni selalu



meminta pengertian anaknya. Gajih bulanannya tidak mencukupi untuk satu bulan. Jadi ia harus bekerja lebih dengan membuka praktek perawat. Grammar Focus Article: Article is an adjective that shows how special or how common a noun is. There are three types of articles, namely: the, a, an. 



The word "the" in the English term is called "definite article". Usually the 'the' article is used to indicate specific nouns in singular or plural forms. Example: The monthly salary is not enough for one month. He must also have to pay his debts from the bank. He works at the community health center



1. Kata "the" dipakai ketika suatu kata benda yang dicirikan kata sifat dan lawan bicara paham benda yang dimaksud. 5



Which one do you want to choose? I prefer the blue one. 2. Kata "the" dipakai sebelum kata yang menunjukkan waktu atau arah/posisi. The future, the present, the past, the morning, the afternoon, the evening, the middle, the north, the west, the east, , the south, the back, the front, the top, the bottom 3. Kata "the" dipakai ketika suatu kata benda merupakan hal yang sudah diketahui umum. Shinta went to the bus station to meet her boyfriend. 4. Kata "the" dipakai sebelum noun yang mengacu pada sesuatu yang bersifat abstrak The use of the power of authority 



"A" is usually used before nouns beginning with consonants (pronounced as consonants). Example: Nurse is a person who has a minimum diploma with a diploma 3 education and has a competency test certificate. I have a friend who is a nurse named Mr. Joni Mr. Joni has a wife with 3 children, 2 sons and one daughter.







"An" is used when dealing with words beginning with vowels (pronounced like vowels). Example: If the nurse opens an independent practice. I buy an orange at the market. I’d like an apple and two pears please.



Indefinite Articles  



A atau an digunakan pada indefinite articles. Kata sandang ini digunakan pada hal yang tidak spesifik atau belum pernah diterangkan sebelumnya, meliputi: person (orang), thing (benda), maupun idea (pemikiran).







Kata ini hanya digunakan sebelum singular countable noun (kata benda dapat dihitung tunggal).



6



Noun is a word used to represent the names of people, objects, animals, ideas and others. In the noun there are two main types of noun, namely abstract noun and concrete noun, then concrete noun is divided into several types of noun such as the common noun, proper noun, collective noun, material noun and compound noun.



Noun: Example: Mr. Joni lives in a small house The fisrt child studies in high school Kata benda termasuk ke dalam 8 parts of speech. Kedelapan part of speech itu adalah kata kerja (verb), kata benda (noun), kata sifat (adjective), kata keterangan (adverb), artikel (determiner), kata ganti (pronoun), kata penghubung, (conjunction) dan preposisi (preposition). Agar kemampuan berbahasa Inggris kita dapat meningkat dengan pesat, maka kemampuan dasar dalam part of speech ini harus benar-benar kita kuasai. Artikel ini akan membahas mengenai noun. Apa itu noun? Noun adalah kata yang mewakili nama orang, hewan, tumbuhan, dan nama-nama lainnya. Singkatnya, kita dapat mengatakan bahwa noun adalah kata untuk mewakili benda hidup (tumbuhan, hewan, manusia) atau benda mati (gunung, pantai, pasar), bahkan benda yang bersifat abstrak (kebahagiaan, kesedihan, kepanikan). Noun dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu concrete noun (kata benda konkret) dan abstract noun (kata benda abstrak) Demonstrative: Demonstrative pronoun is a reference pronoun which belongs to the definite pronoun, where we already know something that is clearly replaced. There are two parameters in the demonstrative pronoun, namely number (singular and plural) and distance (far and near). These two parameters will affect the pronoun to be used. Here's the explanation: Single: This (close), that (far). Plural: These (close), those (distant). Example: This SIPP is very useful for future such as open independent practice.



7



That is an Emergency Room. Demonstrative pronoun adalah bentuk pronoun yang digunakan untuk menunjuk sesuatu yang spesifik dalam suatu kalimat yang dapat menunjukkan tempat atau waktu, dan juga dapat menunjukkan suatu hal berbentuk tunggal atau jamak. Contoh-contoh tersebut menunjukkan ‘this’dan ‘these’ digunakan untuk menunjuk



benda



‘mobil’



yang



letaknya



dekat,



sedangkan



‘that’dan



‘those’menunjuk benda ‘mobil’ yang letaknya jauh. Perbedaannya adalah jika ‘this’ dan ‘that’ digunakan untuk menunjuk singular noun ‘benda tunggal’ sedangkan ‘these’ dan ‘those’ digunakan untuk menunjuk ‘benda yang jumlahnya banyak/ jamak (lebih dari satu).



Verb: The verb in English or verb is one element which is an activity, action or action of the subject. Without a verb, a sentence will not be clearly understood by the reader or listener. Verb usage depends on the tenses used. If using simple present tense then the verb used is verb 1, if simple past tense then the verb used is verb 2 and the simple perfect tense will use verb 3. Verb adalah kata yang menunjukkan suatu tindakan, kejadian, keadaan, ataupun sikap seperti cook (memasak), read (membaca), write (menulis), happen (terjadi), exist (ada/ hidup), atau agree (setuju), blame (menyalahkan). Verb selalu menunjukkan perbuatan yang dilakukan oleh subjek dalam kalimat. Example: Eat (verb 1 is ‘eat', verb 2 is ‘ate' and the verb 3 is ‘eaten') 1. They only eat eggs as a side dishes 2. Work (verb 1 is ‘work',verb 2 is ‘worked' and verb 3 is ‘worked'). 3. He works at the community health center



Simple present tense: Simple present tense is the tenses used when an event is taking place at this time or an event that takes place repeatedly (habit). To form simple present tense sentences, it is usually used as a basic verb, or Verb 1. Except for third person pronouns, using Verb 1 + s / es. 8



Example: 1. Nurses usually work in hospitals, community health centers and can also practice on their own. 2. Everyday, they only eat eggs as side dishes. 3. George sleeps seven hours every night during the week. Simple present tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja untuk menyatakan fakta, kebiasaan, atau kejadian yang terjadi pada saat ini. Bentuk kata kerja ini paling sering digunakan dalam bahasa Inggris. verb-1 (present tense) berupa kata kerja biasa yang menunjukkan aksi atau keadaan, atau berupa verb “to be” (is, am, are). Verb-1 merupakan bare infinitive dengan tambahan -s atau -es (kecuali verb to be) khusus untuk subject berupa singular noun (seperti: Tita, book) atau third person singular pronoun (seperti: she, he, it); atau tanpa tambahan apapun untuk subject berupa plural noun (seperti: boys, men, books) atau plural pronoun (seperti: we, they), pronoun I/you, atau compound subject dengan kata hubung “and” (seperti: you and I, Tina and Ratih). Ketika menggunakan be, is digunakan pada subject berupa singular noun dan thirdperson singular pronoun; are pada plural noun, plural pronoun dan you. Dialogue Practice Ika



: Hallo, Good morning. My name is ika



Nurse : Good morning Ika, my name is Joni Ika



: Are you a nurse?



Nurse : Yes, I'm a nurse Ika.



: Where do you work?



Nurse : I work at the Community Health Center Ika.



: I want to know what the task of a nurse?



Nurse : Nurses usually check blood pressure, pulse, respiration etc Ika



: When the blood pressure check is done?



Nurse : At the patient came to do the treatment more Ika.



: To be accepted worked as a nurse what the requirements that should we get?



Nurse : diploma 3 nursing degree and has a competency test certificate. 9



Ika.



: Can nurses open their own practice?



Nurse : Yes, nurses can open their own practice with several conditions. They must have your own practice permit (SIPP). This SIPP is very useful for future such as open independent practice Ika. : What is the role of the nurse? Nurse: Nurses have a role as care giver nursing, managers, educators and field researchers nursing Vocabulary NO



INDONESIA



ENGLISH



1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16 17. 18. 19. 20.



Perawat Peran Sertifikat Bengkok Telah menjadi Tinggal di Perhatian Yang pertama Meskipun Pada saat makan Dapat diraih Rumah sakit Puskesmas Praktek Izin Jurusan keperawatan Gelar Perawat pengasuh Pengajar Penelitian kesehatan



Nurse Role Certificate Kidney dish Has become Stay in Attention The first Although When eating Can be achieved Hospital Primary health care Practice Permit Nursing department Degree Care giver nursing Educators Health researchers



Please answer the following questions below 1. Where does the nurse usually work? ................................................................................................ 2. What are the conditions so that nurses work? ....................................................................................................... 10



3. What are the roles of nurses? .......................................................................................................



4. What we must do if we want to be a nurse? .......................................................................................................



5. What is meant by SLPP? .......................................................................................................



6. Besides working in the hospital, what other activities the nurses can do? .......................................................................................................



7. Working as a nurse, can Mr Joni complete his secondary needs? .......................................................................................................



8. Does a nurse open his own practice? How? ................................................................................................ 9. How to become a professional nurse? .......................................................................................................



10. What is the purpose of someone being a nurse? .......................................................................................................



11. Does a nurse open independent practice? .......................................................................................................



12. What is the duty of the nurse other than providing health services? .......................................................................................................



13. What is the name of the permit used by nurse for independent practice? .......................................................................................................



14. What is the SIPP function for a nurse? .......................................................................................................



15. Why does Mr. joni house to work move by opening an independent practice? .......................................................................................................



Grammar Practice: Simple Present Tense 1. Rain .... from the cloud a). Falls b). Fall c). Falling d). Fallen e). Is fall 2. She always.... to bed early. a). Going b). Went c). Goes d). Go e). Gone 3. The earth .... the sun a). Rotate b). Rotating c). Rotates d). Do more e). Are more



11



4. He .... to office by train daily a). Goes b). Go c). Went d). Gone e). Going 5. You don’t work on Saturdays, .... you ? a). Can b). Do c). Have d). Has e). Does 6. He and she .... out a). Is b). Am c). Are d). Do e). Does 7. I think Helen.... always lucky a). Were b). Are c). Is d). Am e). Was 8. One of the student ... absent a). Are b). Is c). Am d). Were e). Was 9. I ... get up early on Saturday a). Don’t need to b). Needn’t to c). Mustn’t d). Couldn’t e). Isn’t 10. My father usually.... a nap after luch a). Is taking b). Has taken c). Takes d). Is take e). Are takes 11. She…… her dog everyday a). to feed b). feed 12



c). feeds d). feeding e). feeded 12. I…..always….. to the dentist a). do not, go b). does not, go c). do not, went d). does not, went e). go, went 13. Children always …….. there parents a). are loving b). is loving c). love d). loves e). loved 14. The man always…….. the truth a). tells b). is telling c). telling d). are telling e). this tell 15. The students usually …… fifteen minutes before the class starts a). to come b). come c). came d). are coming e). the comin



UNIT 2



TALKING PRIMARY HEALTH CARE



Analysis: Subject, Adjective, Past tense, Primary Health Care (PHC) is basic health services that are based on practical, scientific and social methods and technologies that can be generally accepted by individuals and families in the community through their full 13



participation, as well as the costs that can be reached by the public and the state for maintain every level of their development in the spirit of independent living and self-determination. Primary Health Care ( PHC ) adalah pelayanan kesehatan pokok yang berdasarkan kepada metode dan teknologi praktis, ilmiah dan sosial yang dapat diterima secara umum baik oleh individu maupun keluarga dalam masyarakat melalui partisipasi mereka sepenuhnya, serta dengan biaya yang dapat terjangkau oleh masyarakat dan negara untuk memelihara setiap tingkat perkembangan mereka dalam semangat untuk hidup mandiri dan menentukan nasib sendiri Primary Health Care that include PHC are counseling on major health problems and ways to prevent and control them, providing food and improving nutrition, providing basic sanitation and clean water, fostering maternal and child health including family planning, immunization against major infectious diseases and endemic diseases, treatment of common diseases and injury and the provision of essential medicines. Pelayanan kesehatan yang mencakup PHC yaitu minimal mencakup penyuluhan tentang masalah kesehatan utama dan cara pencegahan dan pengendaliannya, penyediaan makanan dan peningkatan gizi, penyediaan sanitasi dasar dan air bersih, pembinaan kesehatan ibu dan anak termasuk keluarga berencana, imunisasi terhadap penyakit menular utama dan penyegahan penyakit endemik, pengobatan penyakit umum dan cedera serta penyediaan obat esensial. The places for Primary Health Care services include health centers, maternal and child health center, Communities, while health workers involved in primary health care are nurses, caregivers, doctors and other health workers. Tempat untuk pelayanan Primary Health Care meliputi Puskesmas, Posyandu, Komunitas sedangkan tenaga kesehatan yang terlibat primary health care yaitu perawat, pengasuh anak, dokter dan tenaga kesehatan lainnya. The primary health care service is a first aid unit. Just as if the person who is sick is not too bad then the person will go to the health center first to get service. If the primary health care cannot handle it, it will be referred to a larger rescue unit or patent which is a hospital. Pelayanan Primary Health Care merupakan unit pertolongan pertama. Seperti halnya jika orang yang sakit tidak 14



terlalu parah maka orang tersebut akan pergi ke puskesmas terlebih dahulu untuk mendapatkan pelayanan. Jika puskesmas tidak dapat menangani maka akan dirujuk ke unit yang lebih besar atau paten yaitu rumah sakit. Primary Health Care usually found in regions, namely in the subdistrict. There are several types of health centers, namely primary health centers in subdistricts and supporting health centers in the village. Puskesmas biasanya terdapat di daerah-daerah yaitu pada setiap kecamatan. Terdapat beberapa jenis puskesmas yaitu puskesmas induk yang ada di kecamatan dan puskesmas pembantu yang ada di setiap desa



Subject



: A person or thing that is being discussed, described, or dealt



with. Example



: I'm nurse Sista You look healthy They are a nurse who work in Sanglah Hospital



Subjek atau pokok kalimat merupakan unsur utama kalimat. Subjek menentukan kejelasan makna kalimat. Penempatan subjek yang tidak tepat, dapat mengaburkan makna kalimat. Ciri-ciri subjek: 1. jawaban apa atau siapa 2. didahului kata bahwa 3. berupa kata atau frasa benda (nomina) 4. disertai dengan kata ini atau itu 5. disertai pewatas yang 6. kata sifat didahului kata si atau sang: si cantik, si hitam, sang perkasa 7. tidak didahului preposisi: di, dalam, pada, kepada, bagi, untuk, dari, menurut, berdasarkan, dan lain-lain. 8. tidak dapat diingkarkan dengan kata tidak, tetapi dapat dengan kata bukan. Contoh : Ardi bermain bola di halaman. Siswa kelas VI sedang menjalani ujian matematika. Melukis itu melatih kreatifitas.



I, You, They, We She, He, It



Adjective



: A word or phrase naming an attribute, added to, or



grammatically related to a noun to modity or describe it. Example



: I am very happy The patient is lazy to check blood pressure 15



The patient’s temperature is very hot



Happy



Past tense



: A tense expressing an action that has happened or a state that previously existed. Example: 1. She was very tired yesterday 2. The doctor was in charge in Emergency room 3. There were many patients in Emergency room



S



+



was/were +



adjective



Past Tense adalah tata kalimat yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu gagasan atas peristiwa yang telah terjadi. Past tense merupakan suatu bentuk kata kerja sederhana yang berfungi untuk menjelaskan suatu kejadian pada masa lalu. Kata-kata yang sering digunakan pada tenses jenis ini adalah yesterday, last two days, last year dan lain-lain).



Dialogue Practice



Bunga



: Good morning



Nurse



: Good morning madam



Bunga



: My name is Bunga



Nurse



: I'm nurse Sista. Can I help you ?



Bunga



: Yes, I want to ask something about Primary Health Care.



Nurse



: What do you want to know about Primary Health Care?



16



Bunga



: Yesterday, I and my friends were given the task to ask about Primary Health Care. Can you explain about Primary Health Care, please?



Nurse



: Well, I will explain what Primary Health Care means. Primary Health Care (PHC) is basic health services based on practical, scientific and social methods and technologies that can be generally accepted by individuals and families in the community through their full participation, as well as the costs that can be reached by the public and the state to maintain every level of their development in the spirit of independent living and selfdetermination.



Bunga



: What are the health services that include PHC, nurse?



Nurse



: At a minimum includes counseling on major health problems and ways to prevent and control them, providing food and improving nutrition, providing basic sanitation and clean water, fostering maternal



and



child



health



including



family



planning,



immunization against major infectious diseases and endemic diseases, treatment of common diseases and injury and the provision of essential medicines. Bunga



: Where is the Primary Health Care service nurse?



Perawat



: You can find primary health care services at health centers, posyandu and other health services.



Bunga



: Okay nurse, Thank you for the information, I am very happy to meet you.



Nurse



: You are welcome



VOCABULARY NO 1. 2. 3.



INDONESIA Biaya Tercapai Mempertahankan, memelihara



ENGLISH Cost Reached Maintain 17



4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.



Mengembangkan Menentukan nasib sendiri Mencegah Membina ibu Persediaan Penting Terlibat Menyediakan Melawan Melalui Mandiri Menular Penyakit Partisipasi Mereka Pengasuh Endemis



Development Self-determination Prevent Fostering maternal Provision Essential Involved Providing Against Though Independent Infectious Diseases Participation Their Care giver Endemic



Please answer the following questions below



1. What was discussed in the dialog above? ................................................................................................ 2. What is the patients name is the dialog above? ................................................................................................ 3.



How is the service of primary health care? ................................................................................................



4. What services do primary health care give to patient? ................................................................................................ 5. Where is primary health care usually done? ................................................................................................ 6. When does the conversation take place? ................................................................................................ 7. Why phc needs to be applied? ................................................................................................ 8. Who can apply primary health car ....................................... 9. Where the dialog occurs?..................................................... 10. How to implement primary health care? …………………………. 18



11. What primary health care services include? ……………………….. 12. What are the primary health care services? ………………………… 13. What is primary health care? ……………………………………… 14. What do Primary health care services include? …………………….. 15. What problems can the primary health care handle?...........,,,,…,,,,,, Please answer the following questions below



1. She ... burn wound from last year a. Have b. Has c. Has bad d. Had e. Having 2. I’m sure I .... him more skinny from last month a. Am seeing b. Have seen c. Have been seeing d. Saw e. Seeing 3. He .... the drugs of diarhea yesterday a. Bought b. Buy c. Buying d. A bought e. Have bought 4. Last week, he .... cholestrol levels a. checked b. check c. Had d. Has e. Haved 5.



I ... a headache because I.... full time yesterday a. Get and working b. Got and worked c. Gotten and working d. Get and worked e. Gotten and worked



6. She ... want to go to the cinema yesterday, because she was sick a. Does not b. Do not 19



c. d. e.



Was not Did not Does



7. When I ... him a candy, he would get toothache a. Given b. Give c. Gave d. Am give e. To give 8. I ... my lunch an hour ago, because I got stomachache A. Ate B. Eat C. Eating D. Eaten E. Have eat 9. He........ like the food inside after road a. Does b. Didn’t c. Wasn’t d. Do not e. Doesn’t 10. They .... some drugs in the pharmacy last night a. Are buy b. Buy c. Buying d. Bought e. Have bought 11. I told him I ……. something to show to his brother last week a. Had b. Has c. Have d. Have had e. Have been 12. I’m sure I …… him two years ago a. Am seeing b. Have seeing c. Have have been seeing d. Saw e. Seeing 13. One day last year, John…. out of his bike a. Fall b. Fell c. Has been falling d. Is falling e. Falled 14. Which sentence is correct for simple past tense a. Is she write a letter to him? 20



b. Does she writing a letter to him? c. Did she writing a letter to him? d. Did she write a letter to him? 15. Yesterday, the student…… the map of Indonesia a. Learn b. Are learning c. Learns d. Learned e. Learning



UNIT 3 KIDS CLUB



Analisis : Number, count, Future Continuous tense



Kids Club is a play and learning group for children with the aim of shaping behavior and developing basic abilities that are tailored to the stage of child development. Kids Club adalah kelompok bermain dan belajar untuk anak dengan tujuan membentuk perilaku dan pengembangan kemampuan dasar yg di sesuaikan dengan tahap perkembangan anak. The activities carried out included tutorials about lessons in school based on their class and soccer club activities. Kegiatan yang dijalankan meliputi tutorial tentang pelajaran di sekolah berdasarkan kelasnya maupun kegiatan soccer club There are 25 hotels in Bali that develop kids clubs. Ada 25 hotel di bali yang mengembangkan kids club/ People who work in kids clubs are often referred to as baby sitters or nannies. Orang yang bekerja di kids club sering disebut 21



dengan Baby sitter atau Nanny Babysitter means child guard (when parents of children travel). Babysitter artinya penjaga anak-anak (ketika orang tua anak-anak itu berpergian) The difference with nannies is the baby sitter whose job is to only take care of children such as feeding, bathing children, but if the nanny is in charge of nurturing and educating children. teach them to read, count, help home work , dl Bedanya dengan nanny adalah baby sitter bertugas hanya mengasuh anak seperti memberi makan, memandikan anak, Tetapi kalau nanny bertugas mengasuh dan mendidik anak. mengajari mereka membaca, berhitung, membantu mengerjakan pekerjaan rumah



Grammar Focus Future continuous tense: The future continuous tense is a verb tense that indicates that something will occur in the future and continue for an expected length of time. It is formed using the will + be + the present participle (the root verb + ing). Example: 1. I will be applying infusion in Cendrawasih room at 7 pm. 2. When the baby sitter will be doing other activities.



Future continuous tense adalah tense yang berfungsi untuk menyatakan perbuatan atau peristiwa yang akan sedang terjadi pada suatu waktu di masa depan. Tense ini dibentuk oleh modal “will” diikuti oleh “present participle.” Future continuous tense berbicara tentang suatu peristiwa yang sedang terjadi, juga sebagaimana present continuous tense, tetapi bedanya dalam future continuous tense, “sedang” itu bukan sekarang, melainkan besok, akan datang maupun nanti. Kalimat future continuous tense juga memiliki 2 bentuk yaitu will dan going to. Kedua kata tersebut memiliki makna yang sama dan bisa saling menggantikan saat digunakan.



Fungsi Future continuous merujuk ke tindakan atau kejadian yang belum selesai, yang sedang terjadi di waktu setelah sekarang. Future continuous digunakan untuk banyak tujuan yang berbeda. Future continuous dapat digunakan untuk membayangkan diri kita di masa depan. Example:  This time next week I will be sun-bathing in Bali.  By Christmas I will be skiing like a pro. 22







Just think, next Monday you will be working in your new job.



Future continuous dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi atau menduga tentang kejadian di masa depan. Kalimat positif : Subjek + auxiliary verb will + Auxiliary verb be + main verb (present participle base + ing) Kalimat negatif : Subjek + auxiliary verb will + not + Auxiliary verb be + main verb (present participle base + ing) Kalimat tanya : Will + Subjek + Auxiliary verb be + main verb (present participle base + ing) Dialogue Practice Ms. Anna



: Good morning Miss Sari, welcome to my villa.



Baby sitter



: Good morning Anna.



Ms. Anna



: How are you today?



Baby sitter



: I am good Anna, what can I do for you?



Ms. Anna



: Oh, my son, Baby got sick since two days ago, so my husband and I could not work. I want you to help to take care of him when I worked.



Baby Sitter



: How old is your child?



Ms. Anna



: She is two years old and you work from 7 am until 6 pm. How much do I pay?



Baby Sitter



: Oh, Rp 600,000 for 12 hours.



Ms. Anna



: Ok, it's OK, you have to give my son, some fruit at 9 a.m., hours 1 pm and 4 pm, and food 12 noon.



Baby Sitter



: Well Ms. Anna



Mother Anna : Ok. Now I will go to work and to meet 6 pm. I hope you do your work with kindness. Baby Sitter



: Of course.



Please answer the following questions below 1. What is the meaning of kids club ? 23



……………………………………………………………………....... 2. How many kids club hotel at bali ………………………………………………………………………… 3. What is the meaning of baby sitters ………………………………………………………………………… 4. What are the taks of baby sitters? ………………………………………………………………………... 5. What is the meaning of Nany …………………………………………………………………………. 6. What are the benefits of baby sitters ? ………………………………………………………………………… 7. Are the rights of femele and male baby sitter the same ? ………………………………………………………………………… 8. Consist of what are the taks ofthe baby sitter? ………………………………………………………………………… 9. What is the minimum age of a child cared for by a baby sitter ? ………………………………………………………………………… 10. Is the baby sitter just a girl? ………………………………………………………………………… 11. Why children age 5 months up to 2 years of age should not be careless ………………………………………………………………………… 12. In your opinion what should be done if the baby in foster? ………………………………………………………………………… 13. What are the goals of sitter? ………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………… Please answer the following questions below 1. Rina ...............to the hospital a. Going b. Goes c. Go d. Leave e. Attend 2. Is he ............. now? a. Injecting b. Inject c. Injected d. The inject e. The injected 3. Are you ............... blood pressure? a. Checked 24



b. Checking c. Check d. Will check e. Should check 4. Is the nurse ............... the infussion? a. Setting b. Are setting c. Seted d. Will setting e. set 5. Are they ............ to the surgery room ? a. Go b. Going c. Goes d. Leave e. leaving 6. Are you ........... drugs in the Pharmacy now? a. Buying b. Buyed c. Buy d. Will buy e. The buy 7. Is She ............. rice now? a. Eat b. Eating c. Eated d. Will eat e. Go eat 8. Is the doctor .......... prescription ? a. Give b. Giving c. Given d. The give e. giveed 9. Am I ......... a drugs now doctors? a. Take b. Takeed c. Takes d. Will takeed e. Taking 10. Are We .......surgery ? a. Do b. Doing c. Does d. Doesn’t e. Will does 25



11. You are ……. English now. a. Learning b. Learn c. Learns d. Is learn e. learned 12. ……. You sleeping? a. Is b. Am c. Are d. Was e. Will 13. I am not ……. a. Stand b. Stands c. Is stand d. Standing e. Was stand 14. They ……… reading their books. a. Is b. Was c. Were d. Am e. Are 15. They are still ……. for you. a. Waits b. Wait c. Is wait d. Waiting e. Was wait



26



No



English



Indonesian



1



Caregiver



2



Infants



Bayi



3



Equal



Sama



4



Nurturing



Pengasuh



Memelihara



5



Maintaining



Menjaga



6



Noting



Mencatat



7



Employs



8



Equipment



Perlatan



9



Immediately



Segera



10



Secure



Aman



11



Railed



Pagar



12



Abroad



Luarnegeri



13



Crawl



Merangkap



14



Career



Karir



15



Visitors



Pengunjung



16



Kindness



Kebaikan



17



Benefits



Manfaat



18



Smoothed



19



Service



Memanfaatkan



Menghaluskan Layanan



UNIT 4 CARE GIVER TOURISM



27



Analysis: Who,which,whose,can,could, also, Future tense Bali is a well-known tourist destination in the world, making many foreign and domestic tourists who come to Bali for a vacation or holiday in a long period of time. Bali merupakan tempat destinasi wisata yang terkenal dimanca Negara, sehingga membuat banyak wisatawan asing maupun domestic yang datang berkunjung ke Bali untuk berlibur atau liburan dalam jangka waktu yang lama. The tourism will be coming to Bali to get refresh for them self from busyness, so that tourists sometimes need someone whose is able to care for their and their children, namely a care giver. Wisatawan akan datang ke Bali untuk menyegarkan diri mereka dari kesibukan, sehingga para wisatawan terkadang memerlukan seorang yang mampu merawat atau menjaga kakek atau neneknya yaitu care giver. Care Giver is someone who has a profession to serve and care for an elderly traveler and a sick person. Whose care giver provides services that include physical needs (activities ranging from waking up to sleep again such as personal hygiene, elimination, mobilization), medical needs such as taking medication, physical therapy, social needs ,can being a friend, spiritual needs (praying together ) Besides that, diseases that often require caregiver such as receipts, high blood pressure, diabetes, gout, etc. Care Giver adalah seseorang yang memiliki profesi untuk melayani dan merawat seorang wisatawan yang berusia lanjut maupun orang yang sedang sakit. Dimana care giver memberikan pelayanan yang meliputi kebutuhan fisik (aktivitas mulai dari bangun tidur sampai tidur lagi seperti kebutuhan personal hygiene, eliminasi, mobilisasi), kebutuhan medis seperti minum obat, terapi fisik, kebutuhan social (menjadi teman bicara), kebutuhan spriritual (berdoa bersama). Selain itu penyakit yang sering membutuhkan seorang care giver seperti struk, darah tinggi, kencing manis , asam urat, dll. Practically, care giver personnel in Indonesia do not yet have a type or specialization classification. It's just that they are classified based on work experience and skills that they have empowered such as junior, medium and senior care giver. Secara praktis, tenaga care giver di Indonesia belum ada 28



penggolongan jenis atau spesialisasi. Hanya saja mereka digolongkan berdasarkan pengalaman kerja dan skill yang telah mereka kuasa seperti care giver yunior, medium dan senior. However, a Care Giver which must have competency standards where they can must take training and obtain certificates. Seorang Care Giver harus memiliki standar kompetensi dimana mereka harus mengikuti pelatihan dan mendapatkan sertifikat A care giver does not have a medical school back ground like a nurse, they are only trained in a relatively short time, which is between 1 month to 4 months, but there are also those with a background of 1 year of training diploma 1(Asper). So different from nurses diploma 3 or bachelor care giver may not handle medical actions that are part of the nurse's work such as infusion, insert a catheter, NGT hose, and so on. Seorang care giver tidak memiliki back ground sekolah medis seperti perawat, mereka hanya dilatih dalam waktu yang relative singkat, yakni antara 1 bulan sampai 4 bulan, namun ada juga yang berlatar belakang 1 tahun pelatihan diploma 1(Asper). Jadi berbeda dengan perawat diploma 3 atau S1 care giver tidak boleh menangani tindakan yang medis yang menjadi porsi pekerjaan perawat seperti pasang infuse, pasang kateter, selang NGT, dll. At present this profession does not have a career path, only the longer their experience, the greater the income they get. In addition, satisfaction in serving others and the belief that this profession is a noble profession. Saat ini profesi ini belum memiliki jenjang karir, yang ada hanyalah semakin lama pengalaman mereka, maka semakin besar penghasilan yang mereka dapatkan. Selain itu juga kepuasan dalam melayani sesama dan keyakinan bahwa profesi ini adalah profesi yang mulia. Usually the tariff given to local tourists is Rp. 200,000 a day while the tariff given to foreign tourists is Rp. 500,000 a day. Biasanya tarif yang diberikan untuk wisatawan local yaitu Rp.200.000 perhari sedangan untuk tarif yang diberikan kepada wisatawan asing yaitu Rp.500.000 perhari. This shows that being a care giver opens many job opportunities for those of us who live in tourist attractions. I think care giver will be going the treatment that is in demand 29



if done optimally in the next few years. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa menjadi seorang care giver membuka banyak peluang kerja untuk kita yang tinggal di tempat wisata. Saya pikir care giver akan menjadi perawatan yang diminati jika dilakukan secara optimal dalam beberapa tahun kedepan. Which is the caregiver not only from the nurse, but only people who have attended the training and have a certificate can do it. A caregiver could take care since the patient is discharged from the hospital or the patient need service.Yang merupakan pemberi perawatan tidak hanya dari perawat, tetapi orang yang telah mengikuti pelatihan dan memiliki sertifikat yang dapat melakukannya. Seorang caregiver bisa melakukan perawatan sejak pasien keluar dari rumah sakit atau pasien memerlukan pelayanan Grammar Focus



Simple future tense : Simple future tense are used for actions that will happen at specific time in the future, after the current moment. The includes plan, predictions, promises, willingness, and decisions. Example: 1. I will check your blood preassure. 2. She will give me many medicine.



Pengertian Simple Future Tense Simple future tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu aksi terjadi dimasa depan, secara spontan atau terencana. Simple future tense dibentuk dari modal auxiliary verb “will” atau “shall” dan bare infinitive (bentuk dasar verb) atau dibentuk dari phrasal modal “be going to” dan bare infinitive. Bila diterjemahkan kata future dalam nama tenses Simple Future ini berarti “masa depan”. Sehingga, pada penggunaanya, future tense memiliki aturan yang harus dilakukan saat Anda menggunakan tenses ini, yakni dengan menggunakan will maupun shall, yang berarti akan. Dalam sebuah kalimat, sesudah kata will atau shall pasti akan diikuti oleh kata kerja selanjutnya atau kata kerja bantu. Pada umumnya, will lebih sering digunakan pada percakapan maupun pada sebuah teks.



30



Simple Future Tense (Kalimat Positif) Subjek + will/ shall + verb 1 atau S + To Be (is, am, are) + Going To + Verb 1 + O Di atas, adalah rumus yang digunakan untuk membuat sebuah kalimat dalam bentuk Simple Future Tense dengan kalimat positif. Simple Future Tense Negative Subjek + will/ shall + NOT + verb 1 atau S + To Be (is, am, are) + NOT + Going To + Verb 1 + O Rumus yang digunakan dalam bentuk kalimat negatif Simple Future Tense memiliki bentuk yang hampir sama dengan Simple Future Tense dengan bentuk kalimat positif. Yang membedakan hanyalah penggunaan ‘NOT’ dalam rumusannya. Simple Future Tense Interrogative Will/Shall + Subjek + Verb 1 + O + ? atau To Be (Is, Am, Are) + S + Going To + Verb 1 + O + ? Brntuk terakhir dari Simple Future Tense adalah dalam bentuk kalimat tanya.



Rumus Simple Future Tense



Contoh Kalimat Simple Future Tense



kalimat positif (+)



He will win. (Dia akan menang.)







S + will + bare infinitive







S + be (am/is/are) going to + bare infinitive



kalimat negatif (-) 



S + will + not + bare infinitive







S + be (am/is/are) + not + going to + bare infinitive



kalimat interogatif (?) 



Will + S + bare infinitive







Be (am/is/are) + S + going to + bare infinitive?



They are going to come. (Mereka akan datang.) He won’t win. (Dia tidak akan menang.) They aren’t going to come. (Mereka tidak akan datang.) Will he win? (Apakah dia akan menang?) Are they going to come? (Apakah mereka akan datang?)



Relative Pronouns 31



Pengertian Relative Pronoun Relative Pronoun adalah pronoun (kata ganti) untuk membentuk relative clause (adjective clause). Relative clause sendiri merupakan subordinate clause yang menerangkan noun (kata benda) atau pronoun (kata ganti) pada main clause di dalam suatu complex sentence.  Di dalam relative clause, relative pronoun  dapat berfungsi sebagai subject, direct object, atau possessive dan tidak mewakili number (tunggal atau jamak) maupun gender (laki-laki atau perempuan) dalam posisi-posisi tersebut. Relative pronoun meliputi:  



who whom







whose







which







that



1. Who We used “who” when we talk about other people. The use of “who” is more formal than “than”. 2. Which We used “which” when we talk about something not people. The use of “which” is more formal than “that”. 3. Whose We used “whose” to indicate ownership. 4. Can We used “can” to be able to. 5. Could (Past of can) Used to indicate possibility 6. Also Also is commonly used in writing, but is less common in speaking. Who dan AlsoWhoever occupies different position in sentence. Who (siapa) dan whoever (siapapun) berfungsi menghubungkan noun berupa orang (subject/object of sentence) dengan verb pada relative clause. Di dalam relative clause, relative pronoun ini berfungsi sebagai subjek atau objek. Contoh Kalimat Relative Pronoun



Keterangan



The boy who is playing football on Who merupakan subjek dari verb “is playing” dan the field is my neighbour. membentuk relative clause yang menerangkan (Anak yang sedang bermain subjek “boy”. 32



sepakbola di lapangan adalah tetanggaku.) I am looking for someone who is willing to help me fix my sink.



Who merupakan subjek dari verb “is willing” dan membentuk relative clause yang menerangkan “someone”.



Dialogue Practice Patient



: Good morning nurse, my name is Clark. I am from Sydney.



Nurse



: Good morning Mr. Clark, Who is Mr. Jason? He told me to come here



Patient



: He is my uncle. He is also my adoptive father



Nurse



: Alright mr. Clark. What can I do for you?



Patient



: I will be going to Jakarta next year, but my leg has got broken and how to make healing?



Nurse



: Which leg has broken? Left or right?



Patient



: My left leg has broken. I have got painful in my leg



Nurse



: I am a care giver and will take care of you until you get well



Patient



: Could you tell me about caregiver?



Nurse



: Care giver is a person that provided care to people who need care



Patient



: Ok. I hope you can help me



Nurse



: Yes, of course . I can help patients when they help



Patient



: But we cannot do it here



Nurse



: So where is the place?



Patient



: We should had at my mother’s hotel because my uncle usually working until night and not having time to accompany me



Nurse



: Ok, up to you



Patient



: When can I do for this treatment? 33



Nurse



: We can start treatment this morning at 8 AM



Patient



; Okay, thank you nurse



Please answer the following questions below 1. Can Mr. Clark come from….?… 2. Who had given care giver to Mr. Jason…..? …………………………… 3. Who had got the broken leg….? ……………………………………………………………………………… 4. Which leg had broken….? ……………………………………………………………………………… 5. Could care giver give treatment for his broken leg? ……………………………………………………………………………… 6. When should is place to be care giver……? ……………………………………………………………………………… 7. Who broke the leg of Mr. clark ….? ……………………………………………………………………………… 8. Who can help mr clark……? ……………………………………………………………………………… 9. Who had played a role in the dialogue…….? ……………………………………………………………………………… 10. What time can the patient do treatment……? ……………………………………………………………………………… 11. Who did care giver on Mr. Clark…….? ........................................................................................................................... 12. Should the nurse come to treat Mr. Clark…..? ……………………………………………………………………………… 13. Should the nurses give care giver…….? ........................................................................................................................... 14. Who should give care to Mr. Clark? ……………………………………………………………………………… 15. Who will contact the nurse to care the Mr. clark? ………………………………………………………………………………



Please choose the best answers for the following questions below 1.



I ……. to Jakarta next year?



a. b. c. d. e. 2.



Will be goes Will be going Will be go Will go Will going



……. You tell me about nursing?



a. b.



Should Could 34



c. d. e. 3.



……. Did steal your motorcycle? a. b. c. d. e.



4.



I had not work when santi came I had not worked when santi come I had not worked when santi came I had not working when santi came I had not working santi come



Budi had lived in bali. What is the interrogative form of this? a. b. c. d. e.



9.



Can Not Could Is Will



I was working when santi came a. b. c. d. e.



8.



Who How When Whose Were



Did he finish all the job last night? No he did not He …… half part form the job a. b. c. d. e.



7.



Can Is Wich Maybe Were



…… book did you copy? a. b. c. d. e.



6.



Who What Wich When Where



Can you predict ………. Candidate will win the contest? a. b. c. d. e.



5.



Would Should Could be



Had budi live in bali? Had budi lived in bali? Is budi living in bali? Had budi living in bali? Is budi live in bali?



My father had eaten before I worked



35



a. b. c. d. e.



Hadn’t my father eaten before I worked? Hadn’t my father ate before I worked? Had my father not eat before I worked? Has my father not eat before I worked? Had my father not eat before I working?



10. The mechanic had been repairing my car a. b. c. d. e.



The mechanic had reapired my car The mechanic had repair my car The mechanic has been repairing my car The mechanic had repairing my car The mechanic had been repair my car



11. I’d ……………….. him a. Saw b. See c. Seen d. Has see e. Will see 12. he told me ……….. to London a. Has been b. Is c. Was d. Are e. Had been 13. She only ………….. the movie because she had read the book. a. Understand b. Understanding c. Is understand d. Understood e. Was understand



UNIT 5



HYPERTENSION



36



Analysis: When, where, either, neither , Present perfect tense. Hypertension is a significant increase in blood pressure in a short time, which is usually indicated by diastolic pressure more than or equal to 140 mmHg. Hipertensi adalah adanya peningkatan tekanan darah yang signifikan dalam waktu singkat, yang biasanya ditunjukkan dengan tekanan diastolic lebih atau sama dengan 140 mmHg This situation must be handled quickly to avoid serious risks or death. Keadaan tersebut harus dapat ditangani dengan cepat untuk menghindari resiko yang serius atau kematian.



Patients with hypertension



usually do not show any characteristics or only experience mild symptoms. Examples: headache, nausea, confusion, irregular heartbeat, fatigue, difficulty breathing, chest pain, and others. Penderita hipertensi biasanya tidak menunjukkan



cirri



apapun



atau



hanya



mengalami



gejala



ringan.



Contohnya:sakit kepala, mual, kebingungan, detak jantung tak teratur, kelelahan, sulit bernapas, nyeri dada, dan lain-lain. If you experience these symptoms, you should check with your nurse, because high blood pressure is a disease that is difficult to detect so that regular blood pressure checks and treatment of hypertension need to be done to reduce the bad risk that occurs. Jika mengalami gejala-gejala tersebut, sebaiknya diperiksakan kepada perawat, karena tekanan darah tinggi adalah penyakit yang sulit terdeteksi sehingga perlu dilakukan pemeriksaan tekanan darah secara teratur dan pengobatan hipertensi untuk mengurangi resiko buruk yang terjadi Hypertension can be caused by a bad lifestyle and diet. Most hypertensive sufferers suffer from primary hypertension with no known cause. Some factors that can increase a person's risk of suffering from hypertension, age, offspring, obesity, eating too much salt or eating too little food containing potassium, lack of physical activity and exercise, smokin Hipertensi dapat disebabkan oleh gaya hidup dan pola makan yang buruk. Sebagian besar penderita hipertensi menderita hipertensi primer yang 37



tidak diketahui penyebabnya. Beberapa faktor yang dapat meningkatkan risiko seseorang menderita hipertensi, usia, keturunan, obesitas, Terlalu banyak makan garam atau terlalu sedikit mengonsumsi makanan yang mengandung kalium, kurang aktivitas fisik dan olahraga, merokok Hypertension can also be cured with traditional medicine such as complementary done by massaging the acupressure points on the right and left soles of the feet, between the thumb and forefinger of the right and left toes, 2 fingers below the right and left wrists, on the right shoulder and left, in the lower cranial hollows, and above the head. Hipertensibisa juga disembuhkan dengan pengobatan tradisional seperti komplenter yaitu dengan memijat titik akupresure di bagian telapak kaki kanan dan kiri, di sela-sela tulang jempol dan telunjuk jari kaki kanan dan kiri, 2 jari di bawah pergelangan tangan kanan dan kiri, di pundak kanan dankiri, di cekungan tulang tengkorak belakang bagian bawah, dan diatas kepala. When my uncle was 45 years old, he was diagnosed with hypertension. His name is Anton. He is a hard worker. Previously the business he lived in was quite advanced and famous. He has been running his business in Kalimantan for 15 years. But the advancement of technology and the growing times, the business that Mr. Anton did experienced a decline or bankruptcy. As a result, he ignored his health condition and focused on his business. He has a family. He has a wife and 2 children. His two children named Sari and Bayu. Either Sari or Bayu are students. They are very diligent in studying and helping parents. They are still studying at health schools until now. They always get the best value. Neither Sari nor Bayu gets bad grades. Ketika paman saya berumur 45 tahun, jadi diagnose Hipertensi. Namanya Anton. Ia seorang pekerja keras. Sebelumnya usaha yang dijalaninyacukupmajudanterkenal. Iasudahmenjalankanusahanya di Kalimantan selama 15 tahun. Namun kemajuan teknologi dan semakin berkembangnya jaman, usaha yang Pak Anton lakukan mengalami penurunan atau bangkrut. Akibatnya, ia mengabaikan kondisi kesehatannya dan fokus terhadap usahanya tersebut. Ia sudah berkeluarga. Ia memiliki seorang istri dan 2 orang anak. Kedua anaknya bernama Sari danBayu. Baik Sari maupun Bayu adalah seorang pelajar. Mereka sangat rajin belajar dan membantu orang tua. Mereka masih



38



belajar di sekolah kesehatan sampai saat ini. Mereka selalu mendapatkan nilai terbaik. Baik Sari maupun Bayu tidak memperoleh nilai yang jelek. One day, Mr. Anton experienced a decline in health conditions. He complained of dizziness, nausea, difficulty breathing, and blurred vision, either during activities and eating innards. Mr. Anton's family was confused and immediately took him to the nearest health center. Arriving there, Mr. Anton was immediately examined by a nurse and from the results of the examination, Mr. Anton's blood pressure was quite high. Then Mr. Anton was given drugs to relieve hypertension that he experienced. Since then, when Mr. Anton was diagnosed with hypertension, he was now cautious and paying more attention to his health condition. Either his wife or children increasingly cares about the health of Mr. Anton. Sampaisuatusaat, pak Anton mengalami penurunan kondisi kesehatan. Iamengeluhpusing, mual, sulitbernapas, danpenglihatanburam, baiksaatsedangmelakukanaktivitasmaupunsedangmakanjeroan.



Keluargapak



Anton kebingungan dan segera membawanya ke puskesmas terdekat. Sesampainya disana, pak Anton segera diperiksa oleh perawat dan dari hasil pemeriksaan tersebut, tekanan darah pak Anton cukup tinggi. Selanjutnya pak Anton diberikan obat guna meredakan hipertensi yang ia alami. Sejak saat itu, ketika pak Anton di diagnose Hipertensi, ia pun kini berhati-hati dan lebih memperhatikan kondisi kesehatannya. Baik istri maupun anaknya semakin memperdulikan kesehatan pak Anton.



Present Perfect Tense The present perfect tense refers to an action or state that either occurred



(+) : She has had the chickenpox since Tuesday.



(-)



at an indefinite time in the past (e.g.,



: She hasn’t had the chickenpox since Tuesday.



we have talked before) or began in the past and continued to the present time (?)  (e.g., he has grown impatient over the



: Has she had chicken pox Since Tuesday?



last hour). This tense is formed by have/has + the past participle. 39



Present perfect digunakan untuk menunjukkan hubungan antara masa kini dan masa lalu. Waktu tindakan atau kejadiannya adalah sebelum sekarang, tetapi tidak spesifik, dan kita sering kali lebih tertarik dengan hasil atau akibatnya daripada tindakan itu sendiri. WHEN When used at the time clause the action in it (earlier event) occurs before the other action in the past (later event). In this condition, when it means "immediately after" (immediately after). Here later event only happens once. In other conditions, when used at a time clause, if the action inside occurs then another action (main clause) also occurs. In this case the action in playing clause is a habit in the past.







When my uncle was 45 years old, he was diagnosed with hypertension.



Ketika digunakan pada saat klausul, tindakan di dalamnya (kejadian sebelumnya) terjadi sebelum tindakan di masa lalu (kejadian selanjutnya). Kondisi ini, ketika itu berarti "segera setelah" (segera setelah). Di sini nanti acara hanya terjadi sekali. Dalam kondisi lain, ketika digunakan pada klausa waktu, jika tindakan terjadi, maka tindakan lain (klausa utama) juga terjadi. Dalam hal ini tindakan adalah kebiasaan di masa lalu. WHERE used to ask for a place 



Where can I get the medicine?



NEITHER This vocabulary is used to give consent or agreement on negative statements. This vocabulary is placed before the positive word and followed by the verb before the subject. In addition, this vocabulary can be used to reject two possibilities. Neither if faced with two choices, it will be combined with the word "nor". Kosakata ini digunakan untuk memberikan persetujuan atau persetujuan atas pernyataan negatif. Kosakata ini ditempatkan sebelum kata positif dan diikuti oleh kata kerja sebelum subjek. Selain itu, kosakata ini dapat digunakan untuk menolak dua kemungkinan. Baik jika dihadapkan dengan dua pilihan, itu akan dikombinasikan dengan kata "tidak".  Neither Sari nor Bayu gets bad grades. 40



EITHER  This vocabulary is used after negative verbs. In addition, this vocabulary is used to express an agreement with negative opinions. What's more, this ‘either’ vocabulary can also be used to indicate a choice of two available options or submit two choices. If you don't have a choice of the two proposed options, you can also use this vocabulary. Either if met by two choices, it will be combined with the word 'or'.



Kosakata ini digunakan setelah kata kerja negatif. Selain itu, kosakata ini digunakan untuk menyatakan kesepakatan dengan pendapat negatif. Terlebih lagi, 'kosakata' ini juga dapat digunakan untuk menunjukkan pilihan dua opsi yang tersedia atau mengirimkan dua pilihan. Jika Anda tidak memiliki pilihan dari dua opsi yang diusulkan, Anda juga dapat menggunakan kosakata ini. Entah jika dipenuhi oleh dua pilihan, itu akan dikombinasikan dengan kata 'atau'. 



Either Sari or Bayu are students.







He complained of dizziness, nausea, difficulty breathing, and blurred vision, Either during activities and eating innards.







Either his wife or children increasingly cares about the health of Mr. Anton.



Dialogue Practice Nurse : “Good morning sir, can I help you?” Client : “Good morning nurse, I feel dizzy, nauseous and my vision is blurry. This really bothered me.” Nurse : “Have you ever experienced this before?” Client : “Nurse, this is the first time I feel that. Both nausea and blurred vision are the first time I feel.” Nurse : “How was the incident before you like this?” Client : “When I work outside the city, I feel a great headache. And, immediately I felt nauseous and could not see anything. Neither my wife nor child will not be there, so I only take a headache medication to reduce pain.When I got home, both my dizziness and nausea didn't go away either.” Nurse : “Well now I will check your condition.”



41



Client : “Oke, nurse” Nurse :“Sir your blood pressure is 180/90 mmHg. Do you have a history of hypertension?” Client : “Really? I don't know Sus, I have never done a check before. Both at the nursing community and at the hospital I have never done a routine check.” Nurse : “You should check regularly to anticipate the bad things that will happen. I will prescribe medications recommended by doctors.” Client : “Where can I get the medicine?” Nurse : “You can get the medicine at the pharmacy, sir. When you feel the same way, you can take the medicine. Take care of the condition and do not get tired. You can also do light actions on the right and left soles of the feet, between the thumb and forefinger of the right and left toes, 2 fingers below the right and left wrists, on the right and left shoulders, in the skull bones behind the part, and above the head.” Client : “What must I do to avoid hypertension?” Nurse : “You must avoid foods that contain lots of salt, reduce eating alcoholic beverage and stop smoking.” Client : “Lots of things that I have to avoid. But I really love eating food with lots of salt. I think it will be difficult for me. Then, what should I eat?” Nurse : “Keep the body still healthy is not easy thing to do, we must be consistent to maintain our health. I suggest you to exercise regularly, consume more vegetables and fruits, drink water regularly, and reduce meat in your list menu. Client : “Oke, nurse. Thank you very much” Nurse : “You are welcome, I hope you feel better.”



Vocabulary:



42



No



WORDS



MEANING



1.



Equal



Setara



2.



To avoid



Menghindari



3.



Fatigue



Kelelahan



4.



Irregular heartbeat



Detak Jantung Tak Teratur



5.



Occurs



Terjadi



6.



Chest pain



Sakit Dada



7.



Quite high



Cukup Tinggi



8.



Cautious



Hati-Hati



9.



Reduce pain



Kurang Rasa Sakit



10. Dizziness



Pusing



11. Suffering



Penderitaan



12. Offspring



Keturunan



13. Potassium



Kalium



14. Forefinger



JariTelunjuk



15. Wrists



Pergelangan Tangan



16. Hollows



Cekungan



17. Previously



Sebelumnya



18. Innards



Jeroan



19. Confused



Bingung



20. Immediately



Segera



21. Nearest



Terdekat



22. Paying



Pembayaran



23. Increasingly



Semakin



24. Decline



Menurun



25. Skull



Tengkorak



Please answer the following questions below 1. What did the client feel when meeting the nurse? 43



…………………………………………………………………………………… 2. When did the client come to the hospital? …………………………………………………………………………………… 3. When did the client feel a headache? …………………………………………………………………………………… 4. Where did he go when he felt headaches before going to the hospital? …………………………………………………………………………………… 5. How is the patient’s blood pressure? ……………………………………………………………………………………



6. Where the client got hypertension before? …………………………………………………………………………………… 7. In our body, when the hypertension can detected? …………………………………………………………………………………… 8. Where did the client get a medicine? …………………………………………………………………………………… 9. Did the client have examination in the community health center or hospital before? .............................................................................................................................. 10. What education he got to resolve when he got illness? …………………………………………………………………………………… 11. When treatment for hypertension can be stopped? …………………………………………………………………………………… 12. Either the hospital or house, where is the right place when we feel headache? …………………………………………………………………………………… 13. When the client can be said with hypertension? 44



…………………………………………………………………………………… 14. When hypertension can be detected? …………………………………………………………………………………… 15. Where should we go when we feel headache badly? ………………………………………………………………………………….. Present Perfect tense



1. You have ... that movie many times A. Seen B. See C. Saw D. Seeing E. Is see 2. I ... see him when I on the way to campus A. Hasn't B. Wasn't C. Haven't D. Weren't E. Isn't 3. Steven has ... a new book A. Write B. Written C. Writing D. Is write E. Writes 4. Have you ... him before? A. See B. Saw C. Seeing D. Seen E. Is see 5. I ... here since last week A. Have B. Has C. Has been D. Had E. Have been 6. I've ... him for 5 years 45



A. Know B. Knew C. Known D. Is know E. Knowing 7. I ... seen that movie twenty times A. Has B. Have C. Had D. Is E. Are 8. I think i have ... him once more A. Meet B. Met C. Meeting D. Is meet E. Meets 9. There ... many earthquakes in California A. Has been B. Had been C. Is D. Have been E. Was 10. People ... traveled to the moon A. Is B. Am C. Are D. Had E. Have 11. I….. in the Restaurant A. B. C. D. E.



Have been Have Has Make Made



12. …. Have studied English A. B. C. D. E.



My Friend My Friend and I Budi’s friend Have Has



13. A beautiful girl has….Me a cake 46



A. B. C. D. E.



Make Made Meant Has Have



14. They ….Surabaya A. B. C. D. E.



Has Visit Has Visited Have Visited Make Made



15. Budi …. in Bandung since 2010 A. B. C. D. E.



Has live Has lived Have lived Make Made



UNIT 6 HOME CARE



47



Analisis : Very, Too can, Could, May, Might, Present perfect Continuous tense



Home care is a component of health services provided to individuals, and families in their homes with the aim of promoting, maintaining or maximizing the level of independence of patients with severe illness. In accordance with Law No.38 of 2014 concerning nursing, it is stated that there are 2 types of nursing practices, namely (1) Independent Nursing Practices and (2) Nursing Practices at Health Care Facilities. Home care  adalah komponen dari pelayanan kesehatan yang disediakan untuk individu, dan keluarga di tempat tinggal mereka dengan tujuan mempromosikan, mempertahankan atau memaksimalkan tingkat kemandirian pasien dengan kondisi sakit yang berat. Sesuai dengan Undang-undang  No.38  Tahun 2014 tentang keperawatan, disebutkan bahwa praktik keperawatan ada 2 jenis, yaitu (1) Praktik Keperawatan Mandiri dan (2) Praktik Keperawatan di Fasilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan



Homecare health is a health service carried out in a patient's home.



For health nurses, homecare is part of the Independent Nursing Practice which is the right and obligation. The aim of homecare is to emphasize patients who have difficulty coming to the health center in order to check their health, generally they are elderly people who have no companions can be vehicles to come to the health center or hospital. While the homecare cases currently are cases with degenerative diseases such as Diabetes Mellitus. Home care kesehatan merupakan layanan kesehatan yang dilaksanakan di rumah pasien. Bagi perawat kesehatan, homecare merupakan bagian dari Praktik Keperawatan Mandiri yang menjadi hak serta kewajibannya. Yang menjadi titik berat sasaran home care adalah pasien yang kesulitan untuk datang ke puskesmas dalam rangka memeriksakan kesehatannya, umumnya mereka adalah orang lanjut usia yang tidak ada pendamping bisa juga kendaraan untuk datang ke puskesmas atau rumah sakit. Sedangkan kasus yang dilakukan homecare saat ini adalah kasus dengan penyakit degeneratif seperti Diabetes Mellitus 48



Homecare is usually done by nurses or nursing students. No doubt, there are very college graduate nurses who run to the homecare world. It might be possible to ask the reason, there are those who are tempted by the salary offered, there too can be friends who join the friend and the most often met may most not pass the UKOM (competency exam). Home care biasanya dilakukan oleh perawat ataupun mahasiswa keperawatan. Tidak di pungkiri, sangat banyak lulusan kuliah perawat yang lari ke dunia home care. Mungkin bisa di tanya alasannya, ada yang karena tergiur gaji yang ditawarkan, juga bisa ada yang ikut-ikutan teman saja dan yang paling sering ditemui mungkin kebanyakan tidak lulus ukom (ujian kompetensi).



Nursing institution policy that nurses must have the name STR as a condition of being accepted for employment too can practice in a hospital. This greatly very make the number of unemployed undergraduated nurses because it is not in accordance with the reqruitement that the hospital or company asks for and may this has also been a blow and a big problem for those nursing scholars whose careers are questioned because they do not pass the nursing competency. Could they or where should they work? While the distance of the next exam time is very long and too can be that the pass is not necessarily directly accepted by the work, might because of the tight competition. Kebijakan lembaga keperawatan bahwa perawat harus memiliki yang namanya STR sebagai syarat dapat diterima kerja atau bisa juga praktek di rumah sakit. Hal ini sangat membuat banyaknya pengangguran sarjana perawat karena belum sesuai dengan reqruite yang rumah sakit atau perusahaan minta dan mungkin hal ini juga menjadi pukulan dan problematika besar untuk mereka para sarjana perawat yang karirnya di pertanyakan karena tidak lulus ukom. Bisakah mereka atau kemana mereka harus bekerja? Sedangkan jarak waktu ujian selanjutnya sangat lama dan bisa juga yang lulus belum tentu langsung di terima kerja, mungkin karena ketatnya persaingan.



Bachelor nurses must be more updated about the world of nursing in Indonesia. It could be compared to nurses overseas, there is a very different development. However, the career of the nurse profession will not be halted might by the reason that many graduates are nurses, hospitals are full, difficult to find work, do not pass the nursing competency. I believe that God is fair. The 49



proof is very much a jumping stone that can be done. May one of them is in the homecare world. Usually when home care nurses will carry stetoscope, thermometers, stethoscopes, bandages, hammer reflexes. Sarjana perawat harus lebih update mengenai dunia keperawatan di indonesia. Bisa dibandingkan dengan perawat di luar negeri sana sangat jauh berbeda perkembangannya. Namun, karir profesi perawat tidak akan terhenti mungkin oleh alasan banyaknya lulusan perawat, rumah sakit sudah penuh, susah cari kerja, tidak lulus ukom. Percaya, tuhan itu sangat adil. Buktinya sangat banyak batu lompatan yang bisa di lakukan. Mungkin salah satunya yaitu berkecimpung di dunia homecare. Biasanya saat homecare perawat akan membawa tensimeter, thermometer, stetoscop, perban, reflek hammer



Ayu is an independent person she has been living in the city since graduating from school. She is now a graduated studentof nursing department, Polytechnic of Health, Denpasar and has worked in a hospital. Ayu has been working in a Denpasar hospital since 2 years ago. Ayu has been working as a nurse since graduating from college and has also pursued the field of home care to earn more incomes. Ayu has been joining home care activity since last year and has had many patients. One day, Ayu has been talking with a client for 1 hour and talked about home care Ayu adalah seseorang yang mandiri dia telah tinggal di kota sejak lulus sekolah . Dia sekarang adalah lulusan perawat Poltekkes Denpasar dan sudah bekerja di rumah sakit. Ayu telah bekerja di rumah sakit Denpasar sejak 2 tahun lalu. Ayu telah terus bekerja sebagai seorang perawat sejak lulus kuliah dan juga telah menekuni bidang home care untuk mendapatkan penghasilan lebih, Ayu telah bergabung dengan home care sejak tahun lalu dan sudah banyak mendapatkan pasien. Pada suatu hari, Ayu telah terus berbicara dengan seorang klien selama 1 jam dan membicarakan tentang home care.



PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS The present perfect continuous is used to refer to an unspecified time between 'before now' and 'now'. The speaker is thinking about something that started but perhaps did not finish in that period of time. He/she is interested in the process as well as the result, and this process may still be going on, or may have just finished. 50



Present perfect continuous tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk menyatakan aksi yang telah selesai pada suatu titik di masa lalu atau aksi telah dimulai di masa lalu dan terus berlanjut sampai sekarang. Present perfect continuous tense dibentuk dengan auxiliary verb have atau has, been dan present participle (-ing). Have digunakan untuk I, you, dan plural subject seperti: plural pronoun (seperti: they, we), plural noun (seperti: boys, men), dan compound subject dengan kata hubung “and” (seperti: you and I, Tom and Jack); sedangkan has untuk



singular



subject



seperti: third



person



singular



pronoun (seperti: he, she, it) dan singular noun (seperti: Tom, man). (+) (-) (?) 



: She has been / She's been working in Denpasar Hospital for 2 year. : She hasn't been coming to hospital. : Has she been coming to the hospital?



VERY Very is an adverb of degree which means "very", which is to intensify the meaning of facts based on facts. Very is placed before adjective or adverb.



(+) very + adjective/adverb



(-) not very + adjective/adverb (+) The proof is very much a jumping stone that can be done.



(-) The proof is not very much a jumping stone that can be done. Very diletakkan sebelum kata keterangan atau kata sifat untuk membuatnya lebih kuat. Jika ingin membuat bentuk negatif dari kata sifat atau keterangan, kita bisa menambahkan not ke kata kerja, menggunakan kata sifat atau keterangan dengan arti yang berlawanan, atau menggunakan not very dengan kata sifat atau keterangan awalnya. Arti dari ketiga frasa ini tidaklah sama. Biasanya, frasa yang menggunakan not very tidak terlalu lugas, sehingga lebih sopan dibandingkan dengan frasa-frasa lainnya. TOO The word "Too" means more than enough, too much, and too much. Usually, it is also used for statements or sentences with negative meanings.



51



Too selalu merupakan kata keterangan, tetapi memiliki dua arti yang berbeda, masing-masing dengan pola penggunaan tersendiri. Too sebagai kata keterangan yang berarti "juga" diletakkan di akhir frasa yang dimodifikasi oleh too. -



Formula :



Too +Adjective/Adverb (Without Noun) Ex: I can’t wait too long, because the nurse will come soon. -



Formula :



Too + adjective + for someone/something + infinitive Ex: The nurse bring too much medicines.



CAN & COULD Can and could is a form of capital verbs. Own verbs capital is one type of auxiliary verb or auxiliary verb which is used to indicate ability, possibility and permission or obligation (permission or obligation), and so forth. The verb capital has only one form where the capital verb does not have the form to infinitive, form-form, or past or form -ed. To find out the meaning of can and could we have to understand its use. Can dan Could menjadi bentuk kata kerja modal. Modal sendiri adalah salah satu jenis kata kerja tambahan atau verba bantu yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan kemampuan, kemungkinan dan kewajiban (kewajiban atau kewajiban), dan sebagainya. Modal kata kerja hanya memiliki satu bentuk di mana kata kerja modal tidak memiliki bentuk infinitif, bentuk, atau masa lalu atau bentuk-bentuk. Untuk mengetahui arti dari kaleng dan kita harus memahami penggunaannya. Example: -The students could have arrived at the hospital hours ago. -You can borrow my syringe, but you can’t take my infusion.



MAY & MIGHT May and might have similar uses. The following is the use of may and the most important might. May and might both be used to talk about possibilities. May and might be used to give polite advice. May is used to request permission in a formal



52



speech. May is used to show that something has gotten permission. May is used to express wishes / desires. Example: 1. The nurse might come but it’s not sure at all. 2. I think that nurse may come late tomorrow. May / might adalah salah satu jenis modal / kata kerja bantu di dalam bahasa Inggris yang umumnya digunakan untuk mengungkapkan kemungkinan atau meminta izin kepada orang lain, contoh: (1) “May I borrow your book?”; (2) “She may see you before she leaves.” ; (3) “The rain might have stopped.” Pada kalimat (1) may berfungsi untuk meminta izin, sedangkan yang (2) berfungsi untuk mengungkapkan kemungkinan, dan ke (3) menunjukkan bahwa might adalah bentuk lampau dari may.



Dialogue Practice Client



: “Hallo good morning.”



Nurse



: “Hallo, good morning madam. I am nurse Ari, may I help you?”



Client



: “I am Ayu and I want to ask you, my mother has been suffering a stroke since 6 months. My mother needs treatment that can be done at home. Is there a method to treat that desease?”



Nurse



: “Of course, home care is the solution.”



Client



: “Could you tell me more about that?”



Nurse



: “Of course, I can mom. Home care is a treatment for those with special needs who need ongoing care at home. Home care is usually very much for parents, patients with chronic pain, recovery after surgery or disability.”



Client



: “Oh, yes nurse.”



Nurse



: “Do you know how long has he been suffering from a stroke?”



Client



: “Maybe, He has been suffering since 6 months. This is very burden some for our family to go back and forth from the 53



hospital so I think we need a treatment of home care for him.” Nurse



: “Oh okay, how long has she stayed at home?”



Client



:“He has been staying at home since 3 months. Anyway, might you help me with home care treatments?



Nurse



: “Well, I can also help you with home care to care for your mother at home. From when can I take care of your mother?”



Client



: “You can already take care of my mother from tomorrow.”



Nurse



: Well, tomorrow I will come to my mother’s house. May I know where is your address ?



Client



: “Tukad Balian street, number 39F Denpasar.”



Nurse



: “Good mother, tomorrow I’ll go to mother’s house”



Client



: “Thank you for your help.”



Nurse



: “It’s okay, you are welcome.” VOCABULARY



NO.



INDONESIAN



ENGLISH



1.



Maintaining



Mempertahankan



2.



Independent



3.



Severe Illness



Penyakit Parah



4.



Concerning Nursing



Mengenai Keperawatan



5.



Carried Out



Dilakukan



6.



Vehicles



Kendaraan



7.



No Doubt



Tidak Diragukan Lagi



9.



Tempted



Terngiang



10.



Salary



Gaji



11.



Scholars



Pelajar



12.



Bachelor



Sarjana



13.



Helted



Dihentikan



Independen/lepas/yang dapat berdiri sendiri



54



14.



Pursued



Diburu



15.



Field



Bidang



16.



Ongoing



Sedang berlangsung



17.



College



Perguruan tinggi



18.



Accordance



Sesuai



19.



Tight



Ketat



20.



Exam



Ujian



21.



Necessarily



Perlu



EXERCISE 1. Should the people do treatment of home care when they are injured? Answer: …………………………………………………………………………… 2. Should the patient see a doctor when they get headache? Answer: …………………………………………………………………………… 3. Had the people been getting treatment by the nurse to the patient? Answer: …………………………………………………………………………… 4. Do we have to see doctor when we suffered from a stroke? Answer: …………………………………………………………………………… 5. Could home care be the most appropriate solution for people suffering from stroke? Answer: ………………………………………………………………………….. 6. Has the sister provided good service in the home care? Answer: …………………………………………………………………………… 7. Can salt-containing foods make stroke worse? Answer: …………………………………………………………………………… 55



8. Why can the patient’s family choose treatment at home? Answer: …………………………………………………………………………… 9. What kind of conditions that the patient can get home care treatment? Answer: …………………………………………………………………………… 10. When could the nurse start doing her treatment for the patient’s mother? Answer: …………………………………………………………………………… 11. What process might you use to hire and assess your care givers? Answer:…………………………………………………………………… 12. What do you think just nurse can do home care? Answer:…………………………………………………………………… 13. Might you have additional screening each year? Answer:………………………………………………………………… 14. How can you evaluate your care givers? Answer:………………………………………………………………… 15. Could you evaluate your care givers? Answer:…………………………………………………………………… GRAMMAR 1. Ayu is an independent person. She …..(live) in the city since graduating from school. a. b. c. d. e.



Had been living Has been living Have been living Was living Were living



2. Dinda ……(work) in a Denpasar hospital since 2 years ago. a. Has been working b. Have been working c. Had working d. Had been working e. Has working 3. Dewi has been ….home care activity since last year and has had many patients. a. Join 56



b. c. d. e.



Joining Is join Are join Joins



4. One day, the nurses ……with a client for 1 hour and talked about home care. a. Has been talking b. Has talking c. Have been talking d. Had been talking e. Have talking 5. The patient has not ….. medicine from yesterday. a. Been taking b. Take c. Takes d. Taking e. Are taking 6. …. you been calling the nurse since then? a. Has b. Had c. Are d. Have e. Is 7. I have been …. my blood pressure since last week. a. Check b. Checking c. Checked d. Is check e. Are check 8. The nurses …… victims of natural disasters in Lombok since last month. a. Helping b. Has been helping c. Have been helping d. Had been helping e. Is helping 9. The patient has been …. for being given medicine by the nurse. a. Sleep b. Sleeping c. Is sleep d. Are sleep e. Were sleep 10. The doctor …. prescription medicine for the patient’s family. 57



a. b. c. d. e.



Has giving Have giving Have been giving Has been giving Giving



11. ……….. in my house for almost thirty years a. Am living b. Have been living c. Live d. Had lived e. Lives 12. The construction labors are thirsty since they…………. (remove) the scaffoldings a. Had removing b. Have been removing c. Has removing d. Has been removing e. Had been removing 13. He ………….. (drive) a car through the rain for an hour. a. Had been driving b. Have driving c. Has been driving d. Had driving e. Have been driving 14. The passangers ……….. (wait) for the next flight since this morning. a. Has been waiting b. Have been waiting c. Had been waiting d. Have waiting e. Has waitng 15. John ……………. (sleep) since 3 hours ago a. Has been skeep b. Have been sleep c. Have sleeping d. Has been sleeping e. Have been sleeping



58



UNIT 7



COMPLEMENTARY HEALTH CARE



Analysis: Shold, must dan have to, Good, well , Past perfect Continuous tense. 59



Complementary care is one of the legal nursing actions performed by nurses in law. Types of complementary care therapy are Chiropractic, Relaxation Techniques (including parts of Hypnomedis), Acupuncture and Acupressure Therapy. Perawatan Komplementer adalah salah satu tidakan keperawatan yang dilakukan oleh perawat secara undang undang. Jenis terapi yang harus diberikan seperti Chiropractic, Relaxation Techniques (termasuk bagian dari Hypnomedis), Akupunktur dan Terapi AkupresurTherefore all nurses must be skilled at complementary care before handling patients in the community. Prospective nurses must know the law of nursing practice No. 34 of 2014 before implementing complementary nursing practice. Oleh karena itu semua perawat harus terampil dalam perawatan komplementer sebelum menangani pasien di masyarakat. Calon perawat harus mengetahui undang –undang praktek keperawatan no 34 tahun 2014 sebelum melaksanakan praktek keperawatan komplementer. Nurse students should practice direct complementary care for patients to become skilled health worker. In order for skilled students of complementary care should be guided in the practice guide 30 patients per student to get an A score. The number of complementary subject credits must be more because it becomes the vision of the study program. Every mildly ill patients have to get complementary treatment before taking chemical drugs. . Mahasiswa perawat sebaiknya melakukan praktik langsung perawatan komplementer kepada pasien supaya menjadi terampil. Supaya mahasiswa terampil dalam perawatan komplementer sebaiknya dalam panduan praktik ditargetkan 30 pasien tiap mahasiswa untuk mendapat nilai A. Jumlah SKS mata ajar komplementer sebaiknya lebihbanyak karena menjadi visi program studi, Setiap pasien sakit ringan sebaiknya mendapatkan perawatan komplementer sebelum minum obat kimia. All nursing students should be skilled health worker in complementary care.ifnot, they will be called incompetent nurse in practice at community health centers. Acupressure and herbs are complementary which are well applied to the community nowadays and has even become a community health center program. Many diseases had been curing after complementary programs. The traditional restructuring government regulation No. 103 of 2013 was promulgated when nursing students had been demonstrating. Semua mahasiswa perawat seharusnya terampil dalam perawatan komplementer kalua tidak akan disebut perawat tidak kompeten dalam praktik di pusat kesehatan 60



masyarakat. Akupresur dan herbal adalah komplementer yang baik diterapkan pada masyarakat saat ini bahkan sudah menjadi program pusat kesehatan masarakat. Banyak penyakit yang telah disembuhkan setelah melakukan program komplementer. Peraturan pemerintah penyehat tradisional



no 103



tahun 2013 di syahkan pada saat mahasiswa keperawatan sedang melakukan demonstrasi Doni is one of the nurses who work at the comunity health center with good performance because being able to have a diploma 3 nursing certificate also has complementary certificates. He received a certificate while studying at the Health Polytechnic of Denpasar. He is the only complementary nurse who is good at handling patients at the health center. Everyone can try that complementary action is better to overcome fatigue. The main problems that can be overcome by complementary treatments are lumbago, tingling, hypertension, insomnia and many other problems. The types of complementary actions that had been recommending for nurses in community health center are acupressure and herbal. Other types of complementary measures include bruise,reiki, hypnoterpi and others. Doni adalah salah satu perawat yang bekerja di puskesmas dengan kinerja yang baik karena disamping memiliki ijasah D3 keperawatan juga memiliki sertifikat komplementer. Ia menerima sertifikat saat sedang mengikuti kuliah di Politeknik Kesehatan Denpasar. Ia adalah satu-satunya perawat komplementer yang baik dalam menangani pasien di puskesmas. Semua orang boleh mencoba bahwa tindakan komplementer lebih baik untuk mengatasi kelelahan. Masalah utama yang dapat diatasi dengan komplementer adalah sakit pinggang, kesemutan, hipertensi , susah tidur dan banyak masalah lainnya. Jenis tindakan komplementer



yang telah sedang direkomendasikan untuk



perawat di puskesmas adalah akupresur dan herbal. Jenis tindakan komplementer yang lain diantaranya becam, reiki, hipnoterpidan lain –lain



Example :



Past Perfect Continuous Tense 61



The past perfect continuous tense



(+)I had been sufferinghigh blood



(also



pressure for 3 years.



known as the past



perfect



progressive tense) shows that an action



that



started



in



the



past



continued up until another time in the



(-) I had not been sufferinghigh



past. 



blood pressure for 3 years.



Unlike the present perfect continuous, which indicates an action that began in the past and continued up to the present, the past perfect continuous is



(?)



How



long



had



you



been



experiencing high blood pressure?



a verb tense that indicates something that began in the past, continued in the past, and also ended at a defined point in the past. The past perfect continuous tense is constructed using had been + the verb’s present participle (root + -ing).



Should:Used to indicate obligation, Example: All nursing students should duty, or correctness, typically when be criticizing someone's actions



skilled



health



worker



in



complementary care.



Must: Something that should not be overlooked or missed.



Example:



The



number



of



complementary subject credits must be Have To:Have to mainly expresses more general



obligations,



while must is



used for specific obligations



Example: Every mildly ill patients have to get complementary treatment



Good:Good is an adjective that functions to explain objects Example: Doni is one of the nurses 62



who work at the comunity health center Well: well is adverb which is an adverb with good performance / adverb word that explains the verb. Example: Acupressure and herbs are complementary which arewell applied to the community nowadays PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE Past perfect continuous mirip dengan present perfect continuous, tetapi pada waktu yang lebih awal dari 'sebelum sekarang'. Sama seperti present perfect continuous, kita lebih tertarik dengan proses. Bentuk ini juga digunakan dalam kalimat tidak langsung (reported speech). Bentuk ini setara dengan past continuous dan present perfect continuous dalam kalimat langsung (direct speech). Past perfect continuous tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu aksi (dengan durasi waktu tertentu) telah selesai pada suatu titik waktu tertentu di masa lalu. Past perfect continuous tense dibentuk dengan auxiliary verb had dan been dan present participle. Secara umum past perfect continuous tense hanya terjadi pada aksi berupa dynamic atau action verb, tidak stative verb karena umumnya hanya dynamic verb yang memiliki bentuk continuous. Past perfect continuous tense untuk mengekspresikan aksi yang panjang di masa lampau sebelum aksi lainnya terjadi. Past perfect continuous tense untuk memberitahukan berapa lama sesuatu terjadi (period of time) atau sampai waktu tertentu di masa lampau. SHOULD Should memiliki makna seharusnya, kata should sendiri merupakan bentuk lampau dari shall, namun cara penggunaan sedikit berbeda. Penggunaan Shall biasanya digunakan bersamaan dengan subjek We. ... Ketiga, kata should dapat digunakan untuk menanyakan sesuatu. Shall atau should adalah modal atau kata kerja bantu yang digunakan untuk mengungkapkan rencana atau sesuatu yang akan dilakukan di masa yang akan datang. Layaknya will dengan would, may dengan might, maka should adalah bentuk lampau dari shall, contoh (1) “I shall go to Bandung tomorrow morning.” (2) “If anyone should ask for me, I'll be in the manager's office.” Dari kalimat tersebut kita bisa mengetahui bahwa shall dan should menunjukkan sebuah kemungkinan yang akan terjadi di masa yang akan datang. A. Penggunaan 63



Meskipun should adalah bentuk lampau dari shall, namun secara penggunaan sehari-hari di dalam bahasa Inggris modern sekarang ini, kita dapat menggunakan keduanya untuk mengungkapkan kejadian present ataupun future. Hal yang perlu diperhatikan juga adalah penggunaan should dan shall memiliki fungsi yang berbeda layaknya may dan might.



MUST ‘Must’ digunakan pada saat Anda ingin menunjukkan bahwa sesuatu yang dimaksud benar adanya dan logis. Misalnya, pada saat musim dingin, maka orang-orang akan merasa kedingingan. Selain itu ‘Must’ dapat digunakan untuk menunjukkan kewajiban yang begitu kuat atau kewajiban yang diperlukan menurut diri sendiri dan orang di sekitar. HAVE TO ‘Have to’ digunakan untuk mengekspresikan kewajiban yang kuat karena ada campur tangan dari pihak luar yang membuat adanya kewajiban tersebut. Have to sering kali digunakan untuk menunjukan kewajiban atau hal yang harus kita lakukan, seperti pada kalimat “The students have to go to school.” (“Para murid harus berangkat ke sekolah.”). Secara umum, have to digunakan untuk menunjukkan kewajiban impersonal dimana subjek wajib atau dipaksa untuk melakukan sesuatu. Penggunaan ‘have to’ menunjukkan kewajiban penuh dimana biasanya ada beberapa keadaan atau pengaruh eksternal yang membuat subjek harus memenuhi kewajibannya tersebut. Pada British English, biasanya ‘have got to’ sering kali digunakan. ‘Have got to’ sendiri memiliki arti atau makna yang sama dengan ‘have to’. Tetapi, umumnya penggunaan ‘have got to’ lebih informal dibandingkan dengan ‘have to’. Untuk lebih memahami ‘have to’, pahami penggunaan dan bentuk atau pola kalimatnya. Example: - I have to start working at 7.00 am or my boss will fire me (Saya harus mulai bekerja jam 7 pagi atau atasan saya akan memecat saya) CONVERSATION PRACTICE



Patient : Hello good morning, my name is Agus. Nurse : Good morning too, my name is Doni. Can I help you, sir? 64



Patient : Good, so I often feel pain in my back. Nurse : How long have you felt sick Sir? Patient : I have been feeling pain for 3 months. Nurse



: Many of my patients had been using complementary. You must try alternative treatments like complementary.



Patient : What is complementary? Nurse



: Complementary care is one of the legal nursing actions performed by nurses in law. Types of complementary care therapy are Chiropractic, Relaxation Techniques (including parts of Hypnomedis), Acupuncture and Acupressure Therapy.



Patient : What treatment should I take?  Nurse : You have to choose acupressure therapy. Patient : Can you give it? Nurse : Of course, besides working in a health center, I also open complementary practices. Patient : How long is the treatment? Nurse : For 45 minutes. I will press right in the back of your hand between thumb and index finger Patient : Owh, I feel pain there. Nurse : I pressed the point where it shows if you have high blood pressure. Patient : Yes I have high blood pressure. Nurse : How long had you been experiencing it? Patient : I had been suffering for 3 years. Nurse : That's as much as you feel sick sir. Patient : That's good. Can I become well again after doing this treatment? Nurse : Complementary medicine will help reduce your health problems Sir. Vocabulary



NO



BAHASA INGGRIS



BAHASA INDONESIA



1.



Prospective



Prospektif



2.



Mildly



Sedang



3.



Curing



Penyembuhan



4.



Promogated



Menyebarluaskan



5.



Relaxtion techniques



Teknik relaksasi 65



6.



Guided



Dibimbing



7.



Vision



Tujuan



8.



Diseases



Banyak penyakit



9.



Received



Menerima



10.



Lumbago



Sakit pinggang



11.



Tingling



Kesemutan



12.



Hypertension



Tekanan darah tinggi



13.



Insomnia



Sulit tidur



14.



Acupressure



Akupuntur



15.



Hypnoterapy



Hipnoterapi



16.



Bruise



Memar



17.



Direct



Secara langsung



18.



Ill



Penyakit



19.



Skilled



Terampil



20.



Fatigue



Kelelahan



QUESTION OF COMPLEMENTARY: 1. What is complementary? ....................................................................................................... 2. What are types of complementary therapies? ....................................................................................................... 3. What complementary should be given to all people? ....................................................................................................... 4. How many targets should students reach in the complementary nurse? ....................................................................................................... 5. What is acupressure and herbs? ....................................................................................................... 6. What year was traditional health regulations passed? ....................................................................................................... 7. What are the main things that can be overcome by complementary? ....................................................................................................... 8. What are the conditions for working in a health center or doing complementary? ....................................................................................................... 66



9. Is there anyone who can do complementary actions? ....................................................................................................... 10. How long does the complementary action usually take? ....................................................................................................... 11. How does meditation work, and what is its function for the body? ...................................................................................................... 12. What type of basic therapy should be given to complementary care? ..................................................................................................... 13. Why must patients get complementary therapy? ....................................................................................................... 14. Must a nurse students master basic complementary techniques? ...................................................................................................... 15. What is homeopathy, and how is it different from holistic medicine or alternative medicine? ........................................................................................................... Grammar Practice: Past Perfect Continous Tense 1. You ............ waiting there for more than 2 hours when she finally arived a. Had Been b. Has been c. Have been d. Has e. Have 2. I had been ....... hard, so I felt very tired a. Work b. Works c. Worker d. Working e. Is Work 3. I ........... heard the song many times before a. Have b. Has c. Had d. Is e. Was 4. They had been ....... for over an hour before Tony arrived a. Talk b. Talking 67



c. Talks d. Talked e. Is talk 5. She ........ working at that company for 3 years when it went out of bussines a. Have been b. Has been c. Was d. Will e. Had been 6. How long had you been ............. to get on the bus? a. Waiting b. Wait c. Waits d. Will wait e. Was wait 7. Mike wanted to sit down because he had been ........... all day at work a. Standing b. Stand c. Stands d. Is stand e. Will stand 8. James ......... teaching at the University for more than a year before he left for Asia a. Have been b. Has been c. Had been d. Has e. Have 9. I have not been ...... Turkish very long a. Study b. Studying c. Studied d. Student e. Is study 10. Jason was tired because he .......... jogging a. Have b. Has c. Have been d. Had been e. Has been 11. I had never.....such a beautiful beach before i went to ulheu-lheu. a. Saw 68



b. c. d. e.



Seen See Is see Will see



12. I did not have any money because I....lost my wallet. a. Have b. Has c. Was d. Will e. Had 13. Tony ...... istambul so well because he had visited the city several times. a. Knew b. Known c. Know d. Is know e. Will know 14. ........susan ever studied thai before she moved to thailand ? a. Have b. Has c. Had d. Is e. Was 15. She only.......the movie because she had read the book. a. Understand b. Understanding c. Is understand d. Understood e. Was understand



69



UNIT 8 COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING Analysis : Still, Anymore, No Longer, Tag Question ,Past perfect tense



Community health nursing is still one of the most important public health services in Indonesia. Perawatan kesehatan masyarakat masih merupakan salah satu layanan kesehatan masyarakat yang paling penting di Indonesia The function of Community health nursing as a center for health development, a center for fostering community participation in the health sector, providing health services to the local community and many more. Fungsi keperawatan kesehatan masyarakat sebagai pusat pengembangan kesehatan, pusat untuk mendorong partisipasi masyarakat di sektor kesehatan, memberikan layanan kesehatan kepada masyarakat setempat dan banyak lagi. The Community health nursing is still the favorite health facility visited by the community. Perawatan kesehatan masyarakat masih merupakan fasilitas kesehatan favorit yang dikunjungi oleh



70



masyarakat. The existing facilities in the Community health nursing are no longer the same as before, because the Community health nursing has changed now. No longer just one or two rooms, but now there are many rooms. Society do not get diffucult anymore to find care facilities. .. Fasilitas yang ada dalam keperawatan kesehatan Masyarakat tidak lagi sama seperti sebelumnya, karena keperawatan kesehatan Masyarakat telah berubah sekarang. Tidak lagi hanya satu atau dua kamar, tetapi sekarang ada banyak kamar. Masyarakat tidak mendapatkan kesulitan lagi untuk mencari fasilitas perawatan Community health nursing is no longer like the previous Community health nursing. Services at the Community health nursing are no longer caring services, but now many new programs are being created. Programs offered include health promotion, maternal and child health, prevention of infectious diseases, mobile health centers and many more. Keperawatan kesehatan masyarakat tidak lagi seperti keperawatan kesehatan masyarakat sebelumnya. Layanan di Keperawatan kesehatan masyarakat bukan lagi layanan perawatan, tetapi sekarang banyak program baru yang dibuat. Program yang ditawarkan termasuk promosi kesehatan, kesehatan ibu dan anak, pencegahan penyakit menular, pusat kesehatan keliling dan banyak lagi Although many programs related to health promotion, Community health nursing still provide care programs for patients. Payment in Community health nursing can be done through the BPJS program, so people don't have to pay with money anymore. The community no longer get difficulties in obtaining health services. Payment with the BPJS has had a positive impact on clients. Many clients have experienced recovery due to the simplification of the system at the Puskesmas. Meskipun banyak program yang terkait dengan promosi kesehatan, perawat kesehatan masyarakat masih menyediakan program perawatan untuk pasien. Pembayaran dalam keperawatan kesehatan masyarakat dapat dilakukan melalui program BPJS, sehingga orang tidak perlu membayar dengan uang lagi. Masyarakat tidak lagi kesulitan mendapatkan layanan kesehatan. Pembayaran dengan BPJS telah berdampak positif pada klien. Banyak klien mengalami pemulihan karena penyederhanaan sistem di Puskesmas.



71



Mobile health centers are programs that have provided many benefits that have already exist in society. Mobile health centers as the name implies will provide health services directly to areas where residents live with cars that are equipped with adequate facilities. Mobile health centers are very effective for the community, aren't they? The community does not need to spend money anymore, they are no longer burdened with such a large fee. Pusat kesehatan keliling adalah program yang telah memberikan banyak manfaat yang sudah ada di masyarakat. Pusat kesehatan keliling seperti namanya akan memberikan layanan kesehatan langsung ke daerah di mana penduduk tinggal dengan mobil yang dilengkapi dengan fasilitas yang memadai. Pusat kesehatan keliling sangat efektif untuk masyarakat, bukan? Masyarakat tidak perlu mengeluarkan uang lagi, mereka tidak lagi terbebani dengan biaya yang begitu besar Health workers who work in the puskesmas are workers who have completed education and have a certificate. Same as Mrs. Rinda who has worked for 10 years at Puskesmas 1 Denpasar. Mrs. Rinda is one of the senior nurses who have worked hard to succesed the mobile health center program. Of course Mrs. Rinda still continue to run programs in the health center. Community health nursing no longer accept a common medical human resource. Therefore, if we want to get a job in community health care we need to watch our quality, is not it ?  Petugas kesehatan yang bekerja di puskesmas adalah pekerja yang telah menyelesaikan pendidikan dan memiliki sertifikat. Sama seperti Ibu Rinda yang telah bekerja selama 10 tahun di Puskesmas 1 Denpasar. Ibu Rinda adalah salah satu perawat senior yang telah bekerja keras untuk mencapai program pusat kesehatan keliling. Tentu saja Ibu Rinda masih terus menjalankan program di puskesmas. Perawatan kesehatan masyarakat tidak lagi menerima sumber daya manusia medis umum. Oleh karena itu, jika kita ingin mendapatkan pekerjaan dalam perawatan kesehatan masyarakat, kita perlu memperhatikan kualitas kita, bukan? Dialogue Practice



72



Client: Good morning, introduce my name is Ardi. Can I get some information here? Nurse: Good morning, my name is Puri, I am one of nurses in this community health nursing. What can I do for you, sir? Client: Look, before this was the first time I visited a health center, I heard that this community health nursing provides a lot of health care programs, is that right? Nurse: Of course sir, community health nursing is a place that provides health services, including care, counseling, and counseling depending on what needs are needed. Client: Can treatment still be done at the health center? Nurse: You can do it sir, the service at the health center is still same as before. However, there are developments such as poly, mobile health centers, and others. The community no longer has to go to the hospital, because community health nursing has provided good service. Client: I hear medical staff working here must get a work permit, is that correct? Nurse: Of course sir, all health workers here have been trained and hold a license to practice and have good practice skills. Client: Since I have a problem with my eyes, where can I check my eyes? Nurse: In the eye poly, sir, over there Client: Can I still check my eyes? And what do I have to pay for? Is it money or can you use BPJS? Nurse: Of course sir. For payment, you can use a BPJS insurance card and don't need to spend money anymore. Client: Alright Nurse: Do you still need other informations? Client: No. Nurse: If you need more informations, don't hesitate to contact us. Client: Okay, thank you TAG QUESTIONS



73



Tag question is a question converted from a statement by an appended interrogative formula, e.g: it's nice out, isn't it? From text : 1. Therefore, if we want to get a job in community health care we need to watch our quality, is not it ? 2. Look, before this was the first time I visited a health center, I heard that this community health center provides a lot of health care programs, is that right? 3. I hear medical staff working here must get a work permit, is that correct?



PAST PERFECT TENSE Past perfect tense refers to a time earlier than before now. It is used to make it clear that one event happened before another in the past. Past perfect tense adalah suatu tense yang menggambarkan suatu kejadian yang terjadi sebelum satu spesifik waktu di masa lampau dan telah selesai sebelum kejadian lain yang terjadi di masa lampau juga. Tense ini terdiri dari gabungan aspek perfect (sebelum satu spesifik waktu di masa lampau) dan bingkai waktu past (masa lampau). Past Perfect dan Simple Past Ketika dua kejadian terjadi di masa lalu: 



Past perfect digunakan untuk kejadian yang terjadi lebih awal (the earliest event).







Simple past digunakan untuk kejadian yang terjadi setelahnya (the next most recent event).



Formula: (+) S + have/has + V³ (-) S + have/has + not + V³



74



(?) Have/has + S + V³ From text:



1. Health workers who work in the community health center are workers who have completed education and have a certificate. 2. Many clients have experienced recovery due to the simplification of the system at the Community health center 3. Mrs. Rinda who has worked for 10 years at Puskesmas 1 Denpasar.



UNIT 9



DIARRHE 75



Analysis : Passive voice, indirect Speech , Conditional sentences , Past Continuous tense



Diarrhea is a disease when feces or stools turn soft or runny which usually occurs at least three times in 24 hours. In developing regions, diarrhea is the most common cause of death among infants and also kills more than 2.6 million people each year. Diare adalah sebuah penyakit di saat tinja atau feses berubah menjadi lembek atau cair yang biasanya terjadi paling sedikit tiga kali dalam 24 jam. Pada daerah berkembang, diare adalah penyebab kematian paling umum dialami balita dan juga membunuh lebih dari 2,6 juta orang setiap tahunnya The most common cause of diarrhea is a bacterial infection. Bacterial infections which can also cause food poisoning (campylobacter, closetridum, difficile, escherichiacolli, salmonella and shigella) appendicitis. Food allergies can also die . Penyebab diare paling banyak disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri. Infeksi bakteri yang juga bisa menyebabkan keracunan makanan (campylobacter, closetridum, difficile, escherichiacolli, salmonella, dan shigella) radan usus buntu. Alergi makanan juga bisa terjadi dieare Signs and symptoms: 1. Soft and liquid phase 2. Abdominal pain 3. Abdominal cramps 4. Nausea vomiting 5. Headaches 6. Loss of appetite 7. Continuous thirst 8. Fever 9. Dehydration 10. Blood in feces 11. Feces are produced a lot 12. Continually go to the toilet Tanda dan Gejala 1. Fases lembek dan cair 2. Sakit perut 3. Kram perut 4. Mual muntah 5. Sakit kepala 76



6. Kehilangan nafsu makan 7. Haus terus menerus 8. Demam 9. Dehidrasi 10. Darah pada feses 11. Fese yang di hasilkan banyak 12. Terus menerus ke toilet I have a friend who has suffered from diarrhea. My friend’s name is Dinda. Currently he is 19 years old. 2 Last week, he and friends were traveling for a vacation to Bedugul. Dinda said that she had to have breakfast and drink milk before leaving for Bedugul. They depart at 08.00 a.m and arrive at their destination at 11.00 a.m. Dinda tells her friends that they will go there by car that day.Dinda and her friends feel happy because they can vacation together. He really enjoyed the holiday. The place has a beautiful view and also we can pick strawberries freely. Dinda and her friends picked strawberries at 2:00 p.m. after picking strawberries, they rested and enjoyed the supplies they brought and the strawberries they had picked. Because I was still not full, Dinda decided to buy snacks on the side of the road. Dinda bought enough food and drinks because she thought it was very tasty and rarely met in her home environment. At 04.00 p.m. they finally decided to go home. The rain was pouring down when Dinda arrived home this afternoon. Then after cleaning himself, he immediately told his mother his vacation. But, when Dinda was studying, suddenly Dinda complained of stomachache. He had gone to the bathroom three to five times and made him unable to study and sleep that night. The next day, my mother immediately escorted Dinda to the community health center to be examined. When examined, the doctor said that she had diarrhea and immediately gave oral rehydration medication to Dinda. If you don't snack, you won't get diarrhea. Therefore, Dinda is now careful when wanting to buy food or drinks while on vacation. 1). PASSIVE VOICE 77



Passive voice is a form of sentence where the subject of the sentence accepts the action, not acts. Unlike active voice that focuses on the party that performs the action (doer of action), this form is more focused on the party or object that receives the results of an action (receiver of action). Kalimat pasif atau passive voice digunakan untuk menunjukkan ketertarikan pada seseorang atau objek yang dikenai tindakan dan bukan seseorang atau objek yang melakukan tindakan. Jadi, hal atau orang yang terpenting akan menjadi subjek kalimat. Example: 



The passive voice is used frequently. (= kita tertarik dengan kalimat pasif, bukan siapa yang menggunakannya.)







The house was built in 1654. (= kita tertarik dengan rumahnya, bukan siapa yang membangunnya.)







The road is being repaired. (= kita tertarik dengan jalannya, bukan siapa yang melakukan perbaikan.)



Subject + to be (am/is/are) + past participle (pp) Tense



Rumus



passive Contoh



passive



voice



voice



Simple present



Am/is/are + pp



Is created



Present



Am/is/are being Is being created



continuous



+ pp



Simple past



Was/were + pp



Past continuous



Was/were being Was + pp



Present perfect



Was created being



created



Has/have been + Has been created pp



Past perfect



Had been + pp



Had been created



Simple future



Will be + pp



Will be created



78



Future



Am/is/are going Is going to be



continuous



to be + pp



Future perfect



Will have been + Will have been pp



created created



Example : - The food that Dinda brought was cooked by hermother 2 hours before leaving. - Dinda and her friends picked strawberries at 2:00 p.m 2). INDIRECT SPEECH Indirect Speech is a sentence that is spoken to report the speaker's words to others. So, Indirect Speech (Reported Speech) is used if we want to report someone's words to others indirectly. Indirect Speech consists of 3 types: I.



Statement (pernyataan )



II.



Command (perintah)



III.



Question (pertanyaan)



Example : - Dinda said that she had to have breakfast and drink milk before leaving for



Bedugul. - Dinda tells her friend that they will go there by car that day. Bila direct speech adalah kalimat yang menceritakan secara langsung hal yang dikatakan satu atau banyak orang, maka indirect speech adalah kebalikannya. Karena tidak secara langsung menceritakan, fungsi utama dari semua kategori indirect speech adalah reporting atau pelaporan. Kategori indirect speech dalam pelaporan yang pertama adalah melaporkan sebuah pernyataan yang keluar dari mulut seseorang atau beberapa orang. Kategori kedua indirect speech adalah melaporkan kalimat suruhan atau perintah dari mulut seseorang atau beberapa orang lainnya. Sementara itu, kategori ketiga dari indirect speech adalah melaporkan kalimat pertanyaan dari seseorang.



79



3). CONDITIONAL SENTENCE Conditional Sentences are also known as Conditional Clauses or If Clauses. They are used to express that the action in the main clause (without if) can only take place if a certain condition (in the clause with if) is fulfilled. There are three types of Conditional Sentences. Conditional sentence adalah complex sentence (kalimat majemuk) yang dibentuk dari subordinate clause yang diawali dengan subordinate conjunction if berupa condition (syarat) dan main clause berupa result/consequence (hasil). Conditional Sentence Type 1 → It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled. Form: if + Simple Present, will-Future Conditional Sentence Type 2 → It is possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled. Form: if + Simple Past, Conditional I (= would + Infinitive) Conditional Sentence Type 3 → It is impossible that the condition will be fulfilled because it refers to the past. Form: if + Past Perfect, Conditional II (= would + have + Past Participle) Example : - You don't snack, you won't get diarrhea. 4). PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE The past continuous describes actions or events in a time before now, which began in the past and is still going on at the time of speaking. In other words, it expresses an unfinished or incomplete action in the past. Past continuous tense adalah bentuk tense yang digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu aksi sedang berlangsung selama waktu tertentu pada waktu lampau (past). Bentuk ini menunjukkan bahwa aksi tersebut terjadi sebelum (began before), selama (was in progress during), dan mungkin berlanjut setelah (continued after) waktu atau aksi lainnya yang terjadi pada masa lampau. FORMING THE PAST CONTINUOUS 80



To form the sentence, we must apply the past form formula of be + present participle (-ing) to the main verb. - Positive (+) subject +be(was/were) + verb (-ing) - Negative (-) subject + be(was/were)+not +verb(-ing) - Interrogative (?) be (was/were)+not+verb(-ing) + ... ? EXAMPLE : -The rain was pouring down when Dinda arrived home this afternoon. - But, when Dinda was studying, suddenly Dinda complained of stomachache. Dialogue Practice Nurse : Good morning, I want to introduce myself. My name is Aura, I'm a nurse who works this morning atcommunity health center 1. Is there anything I can help? Client 1 : Good morning ,nurse. My name is dinda. I felt stomach ache after a vacation yesterday. I have been to the bathroom 3-5 times. Nurse : Did you eat food carelessly before? Client 2 :Dinda said that she bought food and drinks on the roadside during the holidays yesterday. The food was eaten by Dinda while she was resting Client 1 : Yes nurse, but the food is delicious. I bought the food and drink when my friends were taking pictures. Nurse : OK. I will check your body temperature and blood pressure. Client 2 : How is the blood pressure, nurse? Nurse : After I checked, your body temperature is 38o C and your blood pressure is 120/ 80. I



can diagnose that your healthy is getting better, your blood



pressure has been normal, but your body temperature is still high. You need to have more rests to make it better. Client 2 : If you don't eat snack, you won't get diarrhea. Good nurse, thank you Client 1 : Thank you nurse, I will be more careful again. If I pay attention to this, nothing will happen



81



QUESTION



1. What is the patient's disease history that was suffered by patients? ....................................................................................................................... 2. How many times do patients experience diarrhea in one day? .............................................................................................................. ......... 3. How is patient's blood pressure that was checked by nurse? ....................................................................................................................... 4. How is the temperature of the patient? ......................................................................................................... .............. 5. What causes the patients experiencing a diarrhea? ....................................................................................................................... 6. Did the client consume food or drinks before it? ....................................................................................................................... 7. How do you prevent patient's from getting diarrhea? ....................................................................................................................... 8. Where can the patient get the medication that has been prescribed? ....................................................................................................................... 9. Why Client 1 goes to the community health center? ....................................................................................................................... 10. What sign and symptoms of diarrhea experienced by client 1? ....................................................................................................................... 11. Which causes diarrhea of patient? ....................................................................................................................... 12. Is the blood pressure normal or no? ....................................................................................................................... 13. How is the temperature of the client? ....................................................................................................................... 14. How to avoid diarrhea? ....................................................................................................................... 15. What causes patients to get diarrhea? .......................................................................................................................



Vocabulary: Diarhea



Runny



Lembek



Each



Setiap 82



Currently



sat ini



Arrive



Tiba



Tasty



Lezat



Rarely



Jarang



Immediately



Segera



Suddenly



tiba-tiba



Escorted



dikawal, mengantar, menemani



Examined



Diperiksa



Unable



tidak bias, tidak mampu



Environment



Lingkungan hidup



Stools



Tinja



Occurs



Terjadi



Poisoning



Peracunan



Supplies



Persendian



Rarely



Jarang



Depart



Berangkat



Decided



Memutuskan



Pouring



Penuangan



Immediately



Segera



Stomachache



Sakit perut



Escorted



Dikawal



Medication



Obat



Therefore



Karenanya



Vacation



Liburan



Past Continous tense



1.



You …............studying when she called. a. were b. was c. are d. is e. am 83



2.



He was constantly … he annoyed everyone. a. Talk b. Talked c. Talking d. Will talk e. Was talked



3.



Thomas wasn’t …. and I wasn’t working together. a. Work b. Works c. Worked d. Will work e. Working … were eating dinner, discussing their plans and having a good time. a. He b. She c. They d. It e. I I didn’t like them because they… always complaining a. Were b. Was c. Had d. Has e. Have … were playing tennis last night a. She b. He c. It d. we e. Noni



4.



5.



6.



7.



They … watching television when I came a. Were b. Was c. Is d. While e. Had



8.



… was watching television when she called a. We b. They c. I d. The students e. Me and my friend



9.



When the phone rang, she was … a letter a. Writes b. Writing 84



c. Write d. Wrote e. Written 10. While we were…the picnic , it started to rain a. Have b. Is have c. Had d. Having e. Was 11. The main cause of diarrhea is? a. Dehydration b. Alkalosis c. Acidosis d. Dieresis e. Intestinal hyperpalistaktik 12. Is carbon dioxide an anti-diarrhea that can stop diarrhea in a way ? a. Suppress intestinal peristalsis b. Absorb toxins c. Shrink intestinal mucous membranes d. Protect intestinal mucous membranes e. Weaken abdominal muscle spasms 13. He was helped by a very beautiful nurse. The underlined word has nearly the same meaning as…. a. Pretty b. Nice c. Modest d. Thoughtful e. Friendly 14. The dishes we had for lunch were all delicious …? a. Weren’t they b. Didn’t they c. Were they d. Hadn’t they e. Had they



UNIT 10 ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS Analysis : Subjunctive, Tobe Supposed to, Would Rather dan Had better, Present Continuous tense



Acute respiratory infections (ARI) is an infection that interfere with a person's respiratory process. Infeksi saluran pernapasan akut atau sering disebut 85



sebagai ISPA adalah infeksi yang mengganggu proses pernafasan seseorang This infection is generally caused by a virus that attacks the nose, trachea (respiratory tube), or even the lungs.Etiologi ARI is more than 200 types of bacteria, viruses and fungi. The bacteria causes include the genus streptococus, Stafilococus, hemafilus, bordetella, hokinebacterium. The virus causes, among others, the mikrovirus, adnovirus, and the most frequent cause of ARI in influenza in the free air would come in and stick in the respiratory tract the top of the throat and nose. Normally, bacteria and the virus attacks the child – of children under the age of 2 years of his body is weak or has not been perfect. the dry season to the rainy season also posed the risk of attack ARI . Several other factors that contribute to the ARI in children is the low intake of antioxidants, the status of malnutrition, and poor sanitation the environment. . Infeksi ini umumnya disebabkan oleh virus yang menyerang hidung, trakea (pipa pernafasan), atau bahkan paru-paru. Etiologi ISPA adalah lebih dari 200 jenis bakteri, virus dan jamur. Bakteri penyebabnya antara lain genus streptococus, Stafilococus, hemafilus, bordetella, hokinebacterium. Virus penyebabnya antara lain golongan mikrovirus, adnovirus, dan virus yang paling sering menjadi penyebab ISPA di influensa yang di udara bebas akan masuk dan menempel pada saluran pernafasan bagian atas yaitu tenggorokan dan hidung. Biasanya bakteri dan virus tersebut menyerang anak – anak di bawah usia 2 tahun yang kecepatan tubuhnya lemah atau belum sempurna. Peralihan musim kemarau ke musim hujan juga menumbulkan resiko serangan ISPA. Beberapa faktor lain yang diperkirakan berkontrubusi terhadap kejadian ISPA pada anak adalah rendahnya asupan antioksidan, status gizi kurang, dan buruknya sanitasi lingkungan. The characteristics of a person with ARI are frequent sneezing, nasal congestion or watering, the lungs feel blocked, coughing and throat pain, fatigue, fever, dizziness. How to prevent ARI by washing hands regularly, especially after doing activities in a public place, avoid touching the face, especially the mouth, nose, and eyes with your hands so that you are protected from the spread of viruses and bacteria, avoid smoking, consume more fiber-rich foods for increase endurance, when you sneeze, make sure to cover it with tissue or hands. This is done to prevent the spread of disease to others, exercisingregularly can also help improve immunity and reduce the risk of transmission of infection. The 86



more often you exercise, the smaller the risk of contracting ARI. Cara mencegah ISPA yakni dengan mencuci tangan secara teratur terutama setelah beraktivitas di tempat umum, hindari menyentuh bagian wajah, terutama mulut, hidung, dan mata dengan tangan agar Anda terlindung dari penyebaran virus dan bakteri, hindari merokok, perbanyak konsumsi makanan kaya serat dan vitamin untuk meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh, ketika Anda bersin, pastikan menutupnya dengan tisu atau tangan. Hal ini dilakukan untuk mencegah penyebaran penyakit kepada orang lain, berolahraga secara teratur juga bisa membantu meningkatkan kekebalan tubuh dan mengurangi risiko penularan infeksi. Semakin sering berolahraga, semakin kecil pula risiko tertular ISPA. Mr. Aris has a daughter named Bela, his son is 10 years old and she is grade 5 elementary school. His child had been sick for six days and had a fever and chills, coughing and sore throat, and difficulty breathing. Tuan Aris memiliki seorang anak perempuan yang bernama Bela, anaknya masih berumur 10 tahun dan masih bersekolah kelas 5 SD. Sudah 6 hari anaknya sakit dan badannya demam serta menggigil, batuk-batuk dan tenggorokannya sakit, serta kesulitan bernafas. And his wife suggested that hehad better buy drugs at the pharmacy but, Mr. Aris would rather take her child to hospital than buy drugs.So Mr. Aris take his child to the hospital. Dan istrinya menyarankan agar sebaiknya Bela di belikan obat di apotik tetapi, tuan Aris lebih memilih anaknya dibawa ke rumah sakit. Sehingga tuan Aris membawa anaknya ke rumah sakit. Arriving at the hospital, the nurse immediatelyexamined Bela. After the examination by the doctor and nurse, Bela was affected by ARI and had to be hospitalized to recovery so that she can do her daily activities. Nurses knows that Mr. Aris is a smoker. Sesampainya di rumah sakit, perawat langsung memberikan tindakan kepada Bela. Setelah dilakukan tindakan oleh dokter dan perawat, ternyata Bela terkena ISPA dan harus dirawat di rumah sakit untuk mempercepat pemulihannya agar dapat beraktifitas kembali seperti biasanya. Perawat mengetahui bahwa tuan Aris adalah perokok Mr. Aris is not supposed to smoke in the house. He had better smoke outside the house so his family is protecting from cigarette smoke. Doctors also suggests to Mr. Aris to stop smoking or Mr. Aris had better to smokeoutdoor than indoor. Nurses give an explanation how to preventARI’s exposure. MrAris is supposed to wash hand before or after meals, 87



avoid smoking, and hehad better consume more a lot of fiber and vitamins. . Tuan Aris seharusnya tidak merokok di dalam rumah. Dia sebaiknya merokok di luar rumah.agar keluarganya terhindar dari asap rokok. Dan dokter pun menyarankanlebih baik tuan Aris berhenti merokok dan tuan Aris lebih memilih tetap merokok tetapi di luar ruangan. Perawat pun memberikan penjelasan untuk mencegah terkena ISPA yaitu, sebelum atau sesudah makan seharusnya mencuci tangan, hindari merokok, dan sebaiknya lebih banyak mengkonsumsi makanan yang banyak mengandung serat dan vitamin WOULD RATHER AND HAD BETTER *Had better is “should” and would rather mean “prefer”. Both have different forms and function as we will explain below. *Would rather always be followed by an infinitive without “to”. Would rather be used to say “prefer” to others. Would rather merupakan phrase bahasa inggris yang sangat umum digunakan di dalam speaking. Phrase yang biasa disingkat ‘d rather dan digunakan bersama berbagai personal pronoun ini (I’d rather, you’d rather, she’d rather, he’d rather, we’d rather, they’d rather) digunakan untuk mengatakan apa yang lebih disukai. Would rather (not) diikuti bare infinitive (infinitive tanpa to) dan merupakan alternatif dari would prefer to ketika sedang membicarakan hal spesifik. Phrase ini diikuti perfect infinitive tanpa to jika ingin membicarakan past (masa lampau). Example :  And his wife suggested that he had better buy drugs at the pharmacy  But, Mr. Aris would rather take her child to hospital than buy drugs  He had better smoke outside the house so his family is protecting from cigarette smoke.  Mr. Aris had better smokeoutside than indoor  MrAris is supposed to wash hand before or after meals, avoid smoking, and hehad better consume more a lot of fiber and vitamins. PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE



88



Present Continuous Tense merupakan tense bentuk yang menunjuk pada tindakan yang sedang berlangsung sekarang atau ketika pembicaraan itu sedang berlangsung. Jadi tindakan itu sudah dimulai, dan belum berakhir ketika pembicaraan itu berlangsung. Tense ini juga bisa digunakan untuk menjelaskan sebuah kejadian yang terjadi dengan singkat dan atau yang telah terjadi dalam rentang waktu yang lama. Tense ini juga di kenal dengan sebutan Present Progressive Tense. Karena tense ini bisa digunakan untuk menjelaskan sebuah tindakan yang mungkin atau bisa dilakukan di masa depan. Pada intinya, Present Countinous Tense menunjukkan sebuah kejadian atau kondisi yang sedang terjadi sekarang, sering terjadi, dan dapat dilakukan atau berlanjut ke masa depan. Berikut ini merupakan contoh kalimat dalam Present Continuous Tense, yang di sesuaikan dengan situasi yang terjadi : 1. Situasi dimana suatu kejadian tengah berlangsung sekarang. Contoh : Mr. Tony is making design of the house. Rumus : (+) S + to be (am, is, are) + Ving + object (-) S + to be (am, is, are) + not + Ving + object (?) to be + subject +Ving + object Example :  The characteristics of a person with ARI are frequent sneezing  He had better smoke outside the house so his family is protecting from cigarette smoke. TO BE SUPPOSED Supposed have the meaning of something that should be done . ‘Supposed to’ memiliki makna sesuatu yang seharusnya dikerjakan. Contoh kalimat: • You’re supposed to return this book by Friday. (Anda seharusnya mengembalikan buku ini pada hari Jumat) • I’m supposed to clean up my room before I go to campus (Seharusnya saya membersihkan kamar sebelum berangkat ke kampus) Dalam bentuk lampau (past tense), ‘supposed to’ berarti sesuatu yang direncanakan namun tidak terjadi. • She was supposed to go to Bandung yesterday, but her mother got ill and she couldn’t go (Seharusnya dia pergi ke Bandung kemarin, namun ibunya sakit dan dia tidak dapat pergi) ‘Not supposed to’ digunakan untuk menyatakan sebuah larangan. Contoh: 89



• All of you are not supposed to sleep in this room (Anda semua tidak diperbolehkan untuk tidur di ruangan ini) Example:  Mr. Aris is not supposed to smoke in the house.  MrAris is supposed to wash hand before or after meals, avoid smoking, and he had better consume more a lot of fiber and vitamins. SUBJUNTIVE Subjuntive is a verb used to image the consequences of something that does not exist or does not occur, for example : wish, suggestion, as if/as though, would rather, if only.



Subjunctive adalah kata kerja yang digunakan untuk



membayangkan akibat dari sesuatu yang tidak ada atau tidak terjadi, yang dapat berupa wish (harapan), requirements (kebutuhan), dan suggestion (saran). Atau dengan kata lain, makna kalimat subjunctive ini selalu berlawanan dengan kenyataan atau fakta. Example :  He should smoke outside the house, so his family is protecting from cigarette smoke.  Mr. Aris should smoke outside than indoor Dialogue Nurse Patient



Practice :’’Good morning, I am nurse Indra. How may I help you?” :“Good morning nurse, I want a consultation .My child often got sneezes from a week ago, besides that his nose is often runny and sometimes a susceptible fever”



Nurse



:“Oh, so, I checked the child first”



Patient



: ’’Yes nurse”



Nurse



: (measuring the temperature of the child) Have you got headache now?’’



Patient2



:“I have had a fever since my nose was runny and I was still dizzy”



Nurse



:’’Besides getting dizzy, are there any other complaints? Do you feel nauseous?’’



Patients2



:’’I don't feel sick, I just often feel tired and my body hurts”.



Nurse



:“I’ll check the level of oxygen in your blood then” 90



Patients2



:“Please nurse



Nurse



: Do you have a family who smokes at home or is your mother's house close to the factory?”



Patient



:“The father is smoking a lot and the intensity is quite a lot, why?”



Nurse



: “Look, ma'am, mother's child is likely to experience ARI



Patient



: What is ARI, nurse? “



Nurse



:“ARI is an acute respiratory tract infection, this can happen because the air around the patient is dirty, so for the treatment I will give medicine”



Patient2



:“Alright nurse



Nurse



:“For the patient ,I hope you pay more attention to cleanliness, especially hands, okay? “



Patient



:“You said that my father smoked, didn’t he? So it's because of the air but why should the nurse say that? “



Nurse



:“Because we can touch the face unconsciously, it must be washed after doing the activity, you know there is a nose on the face “



Patients



:“Ok, nurse, thank you”



Patient



:“Thank you, nurse”



Nurse



:“Alright, you’re welcome”



Vocabulary : ISPA



Attacks Spread Lungs Regullary Avoid



Serangan Penyebaran paru-paru Secarateratur menghindari, mencegah



Endurance



dayatahan, ketahanan



Risk



Resiko



Recovery



Pemulihan



Intertere



Mengganggu



Cigarette



Rokok



91



Examination



Pemeriksaan



Sneezing



bersin



Exercising Sore Immediately



Berlatih Luka Dengan segera



Prevent



mencegah



Dirty



Kotor



Unconsciously



tanpadisadari



Nauseous



memuakkan



Supposed



Diharapkan



Please answer the following questions below 1. Who is feeling sick? ……………………………………………………………………………. 2. Who is the person in the conversation above and what are they talking about? …………………………………………………………………………… 3. Had the patient better after see doctor? …………………………………………………………………………… 4. What should we do if we get sick? …………………………………………………………………………… 5. What kind of diseases suffering by the patient? …………………………………………………………………………..... 6. What are the complaints of patient? ……………………………………………………………………………. 7. Would Mr. Aris stay up smoking then for the health of his family? …………………………………………………………………………….. 8. Which are the patient complaints to the nurse? …………………………………………………………………………….. 9. How would it look if the patient alive with a bad habit? …………………………………………………………………………… 10. What to do by the patient had resparatory infections occurred to her? …………………………………………………………………………… 11. Is the patient shortness of breath now? ……………………………………………………………………………



92



12. What suggestions do nurse give patient so that the illness is not getting worse? …………………………………………………………………………… 13. Why should that advice be implemented? …………………………………………………………………………… 14. Does the patient feel better after being given treatment by a nurse? …………………………………………………………………………… 15. Could patient’s father expect to stop smoking so that patients do not experience same thing back? …………………………………………………………………………… Please answer the following questions below



1. The nurse is … the patient now a. examine b. checked c. examining d. check out e. examined 2. The nurse is …. medicine to the hospital a. giving b. gived c. give it d. had giving e. have giving 3. The patient is ….. in bed now a. be sleep b. was sleeping c. had sleeping d. sleep e. sleeping 4. The patient’s family is …..at the moment a. visiting b. visit c. visited d. had visit 93



e. was visit 5. Mr. Andi is ….. medicine at the pharmacy now a. buyed b. buy c. buying d. had buying e. was buying 6. The nurse is ….. the patient a wheel cheir now a. delivery, use b. delivering, using c. using, delivering d. had use, had delivery e. had delivery, had use 7. The patient’s family is …… medicine to the pharmacy at the moment a. take b. taked c. taking d. has take e. has taking 8. Pharmacists are …… medicine for patients now a. concocted b. drinking c. eating d. dying e. concocting 9. Mr. Agus is …… his mother in the hospital now a. keeping b. keeped c. keep it d. take e. taken 10. The nurse are …… officers move corpse to ambulances at the moment a. helping b. helped 94



c. has help d. help e. do it 11. Patient in the dialogue on the disease …… a. TBC b. ARI c. Cataract d. Diabetes e. Hepatitis 12. The following is a symptom of respiratory infection…. a. Fever b. Stomach ache c. Red eye d. The skin yellow e. Diarrhea 13. The virus and bacterial respiratory infection issued by the way…… a. Tears b. Pee c. Cough or sneeze d. Sweat e. Blood



UNIT 11 BLOOD SUGAR DISEASE Analisis : Superiority, inferiority, equality dan present continues tense Blood Sugar Disease or can be called Diabetes is a disease caused by high levels of glucose or sugar in the blood due to impaired insulin secretion. Blood glucose is the main source of energy and comes from the food we eat. Insulin, a hormone made by the pancreas, helps glucose from feeding to cells used for energy formation. Sometimes your body is not enough - or - insulin or does not use insulin properly. Glucose will remain in your blood and not reach your cell. 95



Blood Sugar Disease atau dapat disebut dengan Diabetes adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh tingginya kadar glukosa atau gula dalam darah karena gangguan sekresi insulin. Glukosa darah adalah sumber utama energi dan berasal dari makanan yang kita makan. Insulin, hormon yang dibuat oleh pankreas, membantu glukosa dari memberi makan ke sel-sel yang digunakan untuk pembentukan energi. Kadang-kadang tubuh Anda tidak cukup - atau insulin atau tidak menggunakan insulin dengan benar. Glukosa akan tetap berada di darah Anda dan tidak mencapai sel Anda The most common types of diabetes are type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes. Type 1 diabetes If you have type 1 diabetes, your body does not make insulin. Your immune system attacks and destroys the cells in your pancreas that make insulin. Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in children and young adults, although it can appear at any age. People with type 1 diabetes need to take insulin every day to stay alive. Jenis diabetes yang paling umum adalah tipe 1, tipe 2, dan diabetes gestasional. Diabetes tipe 1 Jika Anda memiliki diabetes tipe 1, tubuh Anda tidak membuat insulin. Sistem kekebalan tubuh Anda menyerang dan menghancurkan sel-sel di pankreas Anda yang membuat insulin. Diabetes tipe 1 biasanya didiagnosis pada anak-anak dan dewasa muda, meskipun dapat muncul pada usia berapa pun. Penderita diabetes tipe 1 perlu mengambil insulin setiap hari untuk tetap hidup.



Type 2 diabetes If you have type 2 diabetes, your body does not make or use insulin properly. You can develop type 2 diabetes at any age, even during childhood. However, this type of diabetes is most common in middle-aged and older people. Type 2 is the most common type of diabetes. Diabetes tipe 2 Jika Anda memiliki diabetes tipe 2, tubuh Anda tidak membuat atau menggunakan insulin dengan baik. Anda dapat mengembangkan diabetes tipe 2 pada usia berapa pun, bahkan selama masa kanak-kanak. Namun, jenis diabetes ini paling sering terjadi pada orang setengah baya dan yang lebih tua. Tipe 2 adalah tipe diabetes yang paling umum 3. Gestational diabetes Gestational diabetes develops in some women when they are pregnant. Most of the time, this type of diabetes disappears after the baby is born. However, if you have gestational diabetes, you have a greater chance of developing type 2 diabetes later on. Sometimes diabetes diagnosed during pregnancy is actually type 2 diabetes 96



3. Gestational diabetes Gestational diabetes berkembang di beberapa wanita ketika mereka hamil. Sebagian besar waktu, diabetes jenis ini hilang setelah bayi lahir. Namun, jika Anda menderita diabetes gestasional, Anda memiliki peluang lebih besar untuk mengembangkan diabetes tipe 2 di kemudian hari. Kadang-kadang diabetes didiagnosis selama kehamilan sebenarnya adalah diabetes tipe 2. CAUSE Here are the causes that trigger an increased risk of diabetes mellitus, including: 1. Descendants - People who choose blood relations with diabetics are more likely to develop the disease than those who do not have it in the family. The risk depends on the number of family members who suffer from diabetes. The more number of relatives who suffer from diabetes, the higher the risk. Berikut adalah penyebab yang memicu peningkatan risiko diabetes mellitus, termasuk: Keturunan - Orang-orang yang memilih hubungan darah dengan penderita diabetes lebih mungkin mengembangkan penyakit daripada mereka yang tidak memilikinya di keluarga. Risikonya tergantung pada jumlah anggota keluarga yang menderita diabetes. Semakin banyak jumlah kerabat yang menderita diabetes, semakin tinggi risikonya 2. An unhealthy diet - so many unhealthy diets. Foods that contain too much sugar and also foods that contain high fat and high cholesterol also trigger diabetes. Pola makan yang tidak sehat - yang disebut diet tidak sehat sangat banyak. Makanan-makan yang mengandung terlalu banyak gula dan juga makanan yang mengandung lemak tinggi dan kolesterol tinggi juga memicu diabetes 3. Obesity - Nearly 80% of people who suffer from diabetes in old age are usually overweight. Being overweight increases the need for insulin in the body. Kegemukan - Hampir 80% orang yang menderita diabetes di usia lanjut biasanya kelebihan berat badan. Kelebihan berat badan meningkatkan kebutuhan insulin di dalam tubuh. 4. Age - The risk of diabetes increases with age, especially after the age of 40 years, because the mechanism of cell development in a low state and the number of cells in the pancreas that produce insulin decreases with age. Usia - Risiko diabetes meningkat seiring bertambahnya usia, terutama setelah usia 40 tahun, karena mekanisme perkembangan sel dalam keadaan rendah dan jumlah sel di pankreas yang memproduksi insulin menurun seiring bertambahnya usia Some symptoms of type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes include: 97



A. B. C. D. E. F. G.



Excessive fatigue Increased urination Thirst and dry mouth Weight loss Often hungry Blurred vision Feel confused



Vulnerability to certain infections Beberapa gejala diabetes tipe 1 dan tipe 2 meliputi:        



Kelelahan yang berlebihan Peningkatan buang air kecil Haus dan mulut kering Berat badan turun Sering lapar Penglihatan kabur Merasa bingung Kerentanan terhadap infeksi tertentu PREVENTION



Diabetes can be treated by doing massage therapy at the point of reflection of diabetes, the reflection points are focused on the digestive system and the pancreas as producing insulin. The reflection points are on the right and left soles of the feet and on both palms. Penyakit diabetes bisa diobati dengan melakukan terapi pemijatan pada titik refleksi diabetes, titik-titik refleksi terfokus pada sistem pencernaan dan pankreas sebagai penghasil insulin. Titik refleksi berada pada telapak kaki kanan dan kiri serta pada kedua telapak tangan



How to treat diabetes with reflection therapy For reflection points on the soles of the feet, you can do a massage using wood that has been made slightly pointed at the end and massage using sharpened wood is superior to massage done with the fingers. Untuk titik refleksi di telapak kaki Pemijatan bisa anda lakukan dengan menggunakan kayu yang sudah dibuat agak runcing diujungnya dan pemijatan menggunakan kayu yang sudah diruncingkan lebih unggul daripada pemijatan dilakukan dengan jari tangan. Massage at the point of reflection of diabetes for at least 3 minutes at each point, starting from point 1 to 12 in sequence. massage is done with medium power or not too strong, if it is too painful it can be reduced by the massage pressure. For diabetics who are already acute, therapy can be done 3 times a day for the first three days, after which therapy can be done once a day until the blood sugar levels return to normal.



98



Lakukan pemijatan pada titik refleksi diabetes selama minimal 3 menit pada setiap titiknya, dimulai dari titik nomor 1 sampai 12 secara berurutan. pemijatan dilakukan dengan tenaga sedang atau tidak terlalu kuat, jika terlalu sakit bisa dikurangi tekanan pemijatan. Untuk penderita diabetes yang sudah akut, terapi bisa dilakukan 3 kali sehari selama tiga hari pertama, setelah itu terapi bisa dilakukan 1 kali setiap hari sampai kadar gula didalam darah kembali normal Reflection therapy at the point of reflection of diabetes, havingadvantages such as normalizing the performance of the digestive system, including normalizing the performance of the pancreas to produce insulin needed by cells to absorb glucose in the blood to be converted into energy. Normally the performance of the stomach and supporting glands including the pancreas will cure diabetes that you experience. Terapi refleksi pada titik refleksi diabetes, memiliki keunggulan seperti menormalkan kinerja sistem pencernaan, termasuk menormalkan kinerja pankreas untuk memproduksi insulin yang dibutuhkan sel-sel untuk menyerap glukosa didalam darah untuk diubah menjadi energi. Normalnya kinerja lambung dan kelenjar pendukung termasuk pankreas akan menyembuhkan diabetes yang anda alami. Effect of Insulin and Diabetes Hormones All cells in the human body need glucose to work normally. The level of sugar in the blood is usually controlled by the hormone insulin produced by the pancreas, which is the organ located behind the stomach. But pancreatic organs belonging to diabetics are not able to produce insulin according to the body's needs. Without insulin, body cells cannot absorb and process glucose into energy. Seluruh sel dalam tubuh manusia membutuhkan glukosa agar dapat bekerja dengan normal. Kadar zat gula dalam darah biasanya dikendalikan oleh hormon insulin yang diproduksi oleh pankreas, yaitu organ yang terletak di belakang lambung. Tetapi organ pancreas milik penderita diabetes tidak mampu memproduksi hormon insulin sesuai kebutuhan tubuh. Tanpa insulin, sel-sel tubuh tidak dapat menyerap dan mengolah glukosa menjadi energi Risk of Pregnancy Diabetes Diabetes also often attacks pregnant women. There are some women who have very high blood glucose levels during pregnancy, so that their body cannot produce enough insulin to absorb it. Diabetes, known as gestational diabetes, can occur in about 15 to 18 of the 100 pregnant women. Patients with type 1 diabetes who are pregnant will also have a high risk because it can affect the mother and fetus. It is very important for diabetics who are pregnant to maintain their blood sugar levels. 99



Mothers who are pregnant should be more careful to monitor blood sugar levels in the second trimester (weeks 14-26). That is when gestational diabetes generally develops and then disappears after childbirth. However, the risk of type 2 diabetes in women who have had diabetes pregnancy is about three times higher than the population in general.



Diabetes juga kerap menyerang para ibuhamil. Terdapat sebagian wanita yang memiliki kadar glukosa dalam darah yang sangat tinggi selama masa kehamilan, sehingga tubuh mereka tidak dapat memproduksi cukup insulin untuk menyerapnya. Diabetes yang dikenal sebagai diabetes kehamilan ini dapat terjadi pada sekitar 15 hingga 18 orang di antara 100 wanita yang hamil. Penderita diabetes tipe 1 yang hamil juga akan memiliki risiko tinggi karena dapat berdampak pada ibu serta janin. Sangatlah penting bagi penderita diabetes yang sedang hamil untuk menjaga keseimbangan kadar gula darahnya. Ibu yang sedang hamil sebaiknya lebih cermat memantau kadar gula darah pada trimester kedua (minggu 14-26). Pada masa itulah diabetes kehamilan umumnya berkembang dan kemudian hilang setelah melahirkan. Meski demikian, risiko diabetes tipe 2 pada wanita yang pernah mengalami diabetes kehamilan adalah sekitar tiga kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan populasi pada umumnya



SUPERLATIVE DEGREE IN GRAMMAR An adjective can exist in three forms- positive, comparative and superlative. The positive form in the base form of the adjective. The comparative form expresses a higher degree of some quality. The superlative form expresses the highest degree.



Kata sifat bisa ada dalam tiga bentuk - positif, komparatif dan superlatif. Bentuk positif dalam bentuk dasar kata sifat. Bentuk komparatif mengungkapkan tingkat kualitas yang lebih tinggi. Bentuk superlatif mengekspresikan derajat tertinggi. Bentuk superlative dari adjective cheap adalah the cheapest. We can say: A is the cheapest star on that banner. BENTUK SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVE Bagaimanakah bentuk superlative adjective itu? Seperti yang telah kita lihat pada contoh diatas, bentuk superlative adjective dibagi menjadi 2, yaitu: • Short adjective + “the -est” • Long adjective + “the most” 100



Superlative adjectives compare a group of things. Here is an example: 



Kevin is the oldest person in the park.



Three people are in the park. Tom is 20. Susan is 25. Kevin is 30. Therefore, Kevin is the oldest person in the park. This is similar to saying Kevin is older than Tom and older than Susan. Use superlative adjectives when you have more than two nouns to compare. Here are a few more examples:  



I am the oldest person in my family. She is the tallest girl in the class.



Superlative Adjective Structure Follow a similar structure to comparative adjectives. They use EST and THE MOST. EST Subject + BE + The + Adjective + EST  



Examples:



I am the oldest person in my class. My brother is the youngest person in his class.



THE MOST Subject + BE + The + Most + Adjective  



Examples:



This is the most expensive jacket in the store. She is the most beautiful woman I know.



Here is the chart to show you when to use EST and when to use MOST.  Base Adjective



Add…



Example



3 Syllables or  more



the  most



Beautiful



the most  beautiful



2 Syllables or  less



est



Tall



the tallest



If you follow the rules above, you will use superlative adjectives correctly. Now you can check your knowledge with tese tests: 101



Practice More English Adjectives 



Adjectives Lesson – English Grammar o Adjectives Test o











Adjectives Test 2



Comparative Adjectives o



Comparative Adjectives Test



o



Comparative Adjectives Test 2



o



Comparative Adjectives Reading



Superlative Adjectives – English Grammar Lessons o



Superlative Adjectives Test



o



Superlative Adjectives Test 2







Comparative and Superlative Adjectives Test







Comparative and Superlative Adjectives Test 2



INFINITIVE IN GRAMMAR The infinitive is the base form of a verb. In English, when we talk about the infinitive we are usually referring to the present infinitive, which is the most common. There are, however, four other forms of the infinititive: the perfect infinitive, the perfect continuous infinitive, the continuous infinitive, &the passive infinitive.



Infinitive dalam artian mudahnya merupakan bentuk dasar atau bentuk simple dari suatu verb atau kata kerja. Pada artian sesungguhnya Infinitive merupakan suatu verbal yang terdiri dari particle “ to ” dan bentuk simple dari “verb” ( bare infinitive ) dimana infinitive ini dapat berfungsi sebagai Noun (kata benda), Adjective ( kata sifat ), dan Adverb ( kata keterangan). Disebutkan pada pengertian tersebut bahwa infinitive merupakan verbal, nah pertanyaan selanjutnya apakah verbal itu? Fungsi Infinitive Infinitive sendiri terlepas dia merupakan bare infinitive atau full infinitive memiliki tiga fungsi, yaitu sebagai subjek kalimat, objek kalimat, maupun digunakan setelah adjective. The present infinitive has two forms: 102



 



the to-infinitive = to + base the zero infinitive = base



The present infinitive base is the verb form you will find in a dictionary. To-infinitive to sit to eat to have to remember



Zero infinitive Sit Eat Have Remember



The negative infinitive is formed by putting not in front of any form of the infinitive. Examples:  I decided not to go to London.  He asked me not to be late. 



I'd like you not to sing so loudly.







I'd rather not eat meat.







I might not come.



Functions of the to-infinitive The to-infinitive is used in many sentence constructions, often expressing the purpose of something or someone's opinion about something. The toinfinitive is used following a large collection of different verbs as well. See this page about verbs followed by infinitives. “In-infinitive digunakan dalam banyak konstruksi kalimat, sering mengungkapkan tujuan sesuatu atau pendapat seseorang tentang sesuatu. Theinfinitive digunakan mengikuti koleksi besar verba yang berbeda juga. Lihat halaman ini tentang kata kerja yang diikuti oleh infinitive”. The to-infinitive to indicate the purpose or intention of an action In this case to has the same meaning as in order to or so as to. Examples: 1. She came to collect her pay cheque. 2. The three bears went to find firewood. 3.



I am calling to ask you about dad.



4.



You sister has gone to finish her homework.



The to-infinitive as the subject of the sentence This is a formal usage and is far more common in written English than spoken 103



Examples: 1. To be or not to be, that is the question. 2. To know her is to love her. 3.



To visit the Grand Canyon is my life-long dream.



4.



To understand statistics, that is our aim.



The to-infinitive to indicate what something can or will be used for In this pattern, the to-infinitive follows a noun or pronoun. Examples  The children need a garden to play in.  I would like a sandwich to eat. 



I don't have anything to wear.







Would you like something to drink?



The to-infinitive after adjectives There is a common pattern using the to-infinitive with an adjective. These phrases are formed: subject + to be + adjective + (for/of someone) + to-infinitive + (rest of sentence) Subject



+ to be



+ adjective



(+ for/of someone)



+ toinfinitive



(+ rest of sentence)



It



Is



good



 



to talk.



 



It



Is



good



of you



to talk



to me.



It



Is



important



 



to be patient.



 



It



Is



important



for Jake



to be patient with his little brother.



I



Am



happy



 



to be



here.



The dog



Is



naughty



 



to destroy



our couch.



The to-infinitive to make a comment or judgement To use the to-infinitive when making a comment or judgement about a noun, the pattern is: Subject + to be + noun phrase + to-infinitive Subject It



+ to be was



+ noun phrase a stupid place



+ to-infinitive to park. 104



That



Is



a dangerous way



to behave.



What you said was



a rude thing



to say.



This



Is



the right thing



to do.



Those



were



the wrong kind of eggs to buy.



Jim



Is



the best person



to hire.



The to-infinitive with adverbs



The to-infinitive is used frequently with the adverbs too and enough to express the reasoning behind our satisfaction or insatisfaction. The pattern is that too and enough are placed before or after the adjective, adverb, or noun that they modify in the same way they would be without the to-infinitive. We then follow them by the to-infinitive to explain the reason why the quantity is excessive, sufficient, or insufficient. Normally the to-infinitive and everything that follows can be removed, leaving a sentence that still functions grammatically. “Infinitif sering digunakan dengan adverbia juga dan cukup untuk mengungkapkan alasan di balik kepuasan atau ketidakpuasan kami. Polanya juga demikian, dan cukup untuk ditempatkan di depan kata sifat, kata keterangan, atau tidak ada perubahan dengan cara yang sama tanpa infinitif. Kami mengikuti mereka dengan informasi untuk menjelaskan alasan mengapa kuantitas berlebihan, cukup, atau tidak mencukupi. Biasanya infinitif dan semua yang mengikuti dapat dihapus, meninggalkan kalimat yang masih berfungsi secara gramatikal”.



Examples  There's too much sugar to put in this bowl.  I had too many books to carry. 



This soup is too hot to eat.







She was too tired to work.







He arrived too late to see the actors.







I've had enough food to eat.







She's old enough to make up her own mind.







There isn't enough snow to ski on.







You're not old enough to have grand-children! 105



The to-infinitive with question words



The verbs ask, decide, explain, forget, know, show, tell, & understand can be followed by a question word such as where, how, what, who, & when + the toinfinitive. Examples  She asked me how to use the washing machine.  Do you understand what to do? 



Tell me when to press the button.







I've forgotten where to put this little screw.







I'm not sure I know who to call.



Functions of the zero infinitive The zero infinitive after auxiliaries Examples  She can't speak to you.  He should give her some money. 



Shall I talk to him?







Would you like a cup of coffee?







I might stay another night in the hotel.







They must leave before 10.00 a.m.



The zero infinitive after verbs of perception With verbs of perception, the pattern is verb + object + zero infinitive. Examples  He saw her fall from the cliff.  We heard them close the door. 



They saw us walk toward the lake.







She felt the spider crawl up her leg.



The zero infinitive after the verbs 'make' and 'let' Examples  Her parents let her stay out late.  Let's go to the cinema tonight. 



You made me come with you.







Don't make me study that boring grammar book!



106



The zero infinitive after the expression 'had better' Examples  We had better take some warm clothing.  She had better ask him not to come. 



We had better reserve a room in the hotel.







You'd better give me your address.







They had better work harder on their homework.



The zero infinitive with "why" The question word why is followed by the zero infinitive when making suggestions. Examples  Why wait until tomorrow?  Why not ask him now? 



Why leave before the end of the game?







Why walk when we can go in the car?







Why not buy a new bed?



EQUALITY IN GRAMMAR Comparison: comparisons of equality (as tall as his father) from English Grammar Today  



As … as … If two things are equal in some way, we can use a comparison with as … as …. The comparisons may involve adjectives (adj) or adverbs (adv) after the first as, and noun phrases (np) or clauses after the second as: He’s grown so much. He’s astall ashis father now. (adj + noun phrase) The team is still asgoodasit was five years ago. (adj + clause) The second game didn’t go as well as the first one. (adv + noun phrase) The company is not performing as successfully as it did when Arthur Carling was the President. (adv + clause)



107



When the second part of the comparison is a clause, the clause is often a reduced clause (a clause with ellipsis) or one with a substitute verb do or a modal verb: If the sales figures are as bad as predicted, the company will probably go bankrupt. (…as bad as economists have predicted…) I worked as hard as I had ever done in my life for my final exam. (…as hard as I had ever worked in my life …) We tried as hard as we could. See also:  



Ellipsis Substitution



Noun phrases If we use as … as … with a noun phrase, we must use much or little + uncountable noun or many or few + plural noun: She had as much work as she needed and did not want to take on any more. There are as many students in Class 2A as there are in 2B. He spent as little money as he could.



Negative forms We can form the negative of as … as … with not as … as …, or with not so … as … The form not as … as … is more common: He didn’t run as fast as he did in the European Championship. He didn’t pay as much tax this year as last year because he earned less. She’s notso shy as she used to be. (less common) I don’t read so many novels now as I used to. (less common)



Present ContinuousTemse Forming the present continuous The present continuous of any verb is composed of two parts the present tense of the verb to be + the present participle of the main verb. 108



(The form of the present participle is: base + ing, e.g. talking, playing, moving, smiling) Present continuous tense atau present progressive tense adalah bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk menyatakan tindakan yang sedang berlangsung sekarang (present) atau rencana di masa depan (future). Rumus Present Continuous Tense. Present continuous tense dibentuk dengan auxiliary verb “be”, berupa is/am/are – karena present tense (waktu sekarang),  dan present participle (-ing). Is digunakan pada subject berupa singular noun (seperti: Tita, book) dan third person singular pronoun (seperti: she, he, it); are pada plural noun (seperti: boys, men, books), plural pronoun (seperti: we, they) dan you; sementara am pada I. Umumnya tense ini hanya terjadi pada aksi berupa dynamic atau action verb, tidak stative verb. Mengapa begitu? karena secara umum hanya dynamic verb yang memiliki bentuk continuous.



Affirmative Subject + to be



+ base + ing



She



talking.



Is



Negative Subject + to be + not



+ base + ing



She



Talking



is not (isn't)



Interrogative to be



+ subject



+ base + ing



Is



She



talking?



Examples: TO GO, present continuous Affirmative



Negative



Interrogative



I am going



I am not going



Am I going?



You are going



You aren't going.



Are you going?



He, she, it is going He, she, it isn't going Is he, she, it going? We are going



We aren't going



Are we going?



You are going



You aren't going



Are you going? 109



They are going



They aren't going



Are they going?



Note: alternative negative contractions: I'm not going, you're not going, he's not going etc.



Functions of the present continuous As with all tenses in English, the speaker's attitude is as important as the time of the action or event. When someone uses the present continuous, they are thinking about something that is unfinished or incomplete The present continuous is used:  to describe an action that is going on at this moment: You are using the Internet. You are studying English grammar.  to describe an action that is going on during this period of time or a trend: Are you still working for the same company? More and more people are becoming vegetarian. 



to describe an action or event in the future, which has already been planned or prepared: We're going on holiday tomorrow. I'm meeting my boyfriend tonight. Are they visiting you next winter?







to describe a temporary event or situation: He usually plays the drums, but he's playing bass guitar tonight. The weather forecast was good, but it's raining at the moment.







with "always, forever, constantly", to describe and emphasise a continuing series of repeated actions: Harry and Sally are always arguing! You're constantly complaining about your mother-in-law!







untuk menggambarkan tindakan yang sedang terjadi saat ini: Anda menggunakan Internet. Anda sedang belajar tata bahasa Inggris. untuk menggambarkan tindakan yang sedang terjadi selama periode waktu ini atau tren: Apakah Anda masih bekerja untuk perusahaan yang sama? Semakin banyak orang menjadi vegetarian. untuk menggambarkan suatu tindakan atau peristiwa di masa depan, yang telah direncanakan atau dipersiapkan: Kami akan pergi berlibur besok. Saya bertemu pacar saya malam ini. Apakah mereka mengunjungi Anda musim dingin berikutnya? untuk menggambarkan suatu peristiwa atau situasi sementara: Dia biasanya memainkan drum, tetapi dia bermain gitar bass malam ini. Ramalan cuaca bagus, tapi hujan saat ini. dengan "selalu, selamanya, terus-menerus", untuk menggambarkan dan menekankan serangkaian tindakan berulang yang berkelanjutan: Harry dan Sally selalu berdebat! Anda terus mengeluh tentang ibu mertua Anda!



















BE CAREFUL! Some verbs are not usually used in the continuous form



110



Verbs that are not usually used in the continuous form The verbs in the list below are normally used in the simple form because they refer to states, rather than actions or processes. Senses / Perception  to feel*  to hear 



to see*







to smell







to taste



Opinion  to assume  to believe 



to consider







to doubt







to feel (= to think)







to find (= to consider)







to suppose







to think*



Mental states  to forget  to imagine 



to know







to mean







to notice







to recognise







to remember







to understand



Emotions / desires  to envy  to fear 



to dislike







to hate







to hope 111







to like







to love







to mind







to prefer







to regret







to want







to wish



Measurement  to contain  to cost 



to hold







to measure







to weigh



Others  



to look (=resemble) to seem







to be (in most cases)







to have (when it means "to possess")*



Exceptions Perception verbs (see, hear, feel, taste, smell) are often used with can: I can see... These verbs may be used in the continuous form but with a different meaning  



This coat feels nice and warm. (your perception of the coat's qualities) John's feeling much better now (his health is improving)







She has three dogs and a cat. (possession)







She's having supper. (She's eating)







I can see Anthony in the garden (perception)







I'm seeing Anthony later (We are planning to meet)



EXAMPLE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE ABOUT BLOOD SUGAR: 1. I am going to the hospital 2. I am seeing to the patient in the emergency room



CONVERSATION PRACTICE 112



Patient:



Good morning



Nurse:



Good morning ma'am, can I help you?



Patient:



Look, lately I feel tired and often urinate, so I came here.



Nurse:



Ohh..so that's how it is ma'am, may I check my mother's blood sugar?



Patient:



Yes, please



Nurse:



After I check the mother's blood sugar is very high at 240 mg / dL



Patient:



Oh yeah, what causes my blood sugar to be high?



Nurse:



Look, ma'am, as you mentioned earlier, it is part of the cause of high blood sugar, other than that the mother may not control food intake which contains high sugar levels, so it makes glucose in the mother's blood very high.



Patient:



Hmm ... that's right, I can't control my diet



Nurse:



Before, did your mother's family have a hereditary disease like high blood?



Patient:



Yes, it happened that my father had a history of high blood sugar



Nurse:



Well that's one of the biggest causes of mother having high blood sugar



Patient:



Good, so now what should I do to handle this problem



Nurse:



We recommend that mothers maintain a good eating pattern and diligent exercise, routine health checks, especially blood sugar levels, in addition the mother can also do pressure or massage on the mother's palms and feet



Patient:



Well, thank you for your help and advice



Nurse:



I hope that the mother then implements my advice because it is very important for maternal health



Patient:



Good nurse, I will do according to my ability.



Nurse:



Good ma'am, I hope you get well soon



Patient:



Good nurse, I'll excuse you first



Nurse:



Good ma'am.



113



Please answer the following questions below 1) What is the topic about conversation above ...? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………



2) Where the conversation takes place ...? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………



3) How many people are there in the dialogue ...? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………



4) Who is in the conversation ...? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………



5) How much blood sugar is the patient in the dialogue ...? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………



6) What is the nurse recommendation to the patient ...? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………



7) Why can these patients have high blood sugar levels ...? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………



8) What the patient feels before going to the hospital ...? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………



9) What is causes of high blood sugar ...? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………



10) Are there families who suffer from high blood sugar ...? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………



11) How is the patient’s blood sugar above? …………………………………………………………………… 12) What is the cause of the patient’s high blood sugar? …………………………………………………………………… 13) Is there family history of patient’s experiencing high blood sugar? ………………………………………………………………….... 14) What is the nurse suggesting to handle high blod sugar? …………………………………………………………………… 15) From conversations above who previously had high blood sugar? ……………………………………………………………………. 1. Present continuous tense 1) Listen! Your father ............ to a friend right now a. Talk b. Talks c. Is talking d. Are talking e. Talked 2) I’m sorry about the noise you are hearing, she........... a concert a. Practice b. Is praccticing 114



c. Practicing d. Practiced e. Are praccticing 3) Look! The students ......... football in the field now a. Play b. Plays c. Is playing d. Are playing e. Playing 4) Jono ........ his kite now. He is at school a. Isn’t flying b. Aren’t playing c. Doesn’t fly d. Don’t fly e. Is flying 5) The children are ........ by the river a. Fished b. Fish c. Are fishing d. Fishes e. Is fishing 6) A : what are the girls doing ? B : they .................... card a. Play b. Played c. Are playing d. Have played e. Is played 7) Sista and Mita ......... discussing the material now a. Is b. Are c. Was d. Were e. A 8) Listen! She’s ........ a beautiful song a. Sing b. Singing c. To sing d. Sings e. Is singing 9) ............. listening to me now? a. Is you b. Are you 115



c. Was you d. Were you e. Does you 10) My brother........... at University of Indonesia a. Are studying b. Is studying c. A studying d. Was studying e. Were studying 11) Diana : Will you have lunch with me ? Tamara : I’d love to, but I am still full. I… my lunch. a. has b. have c. will have d. have had e. am having 12) Cindi : I wonder why Miss Intan … yet. Putri : I do too. As I know, she is always on time. a. hasn’t come b. won’t come c. didn’t come d. havn’t come e. isn’t come 13) Our teacher never … England. a. visiting b. visits c. has visited d. visited e. had visited 14) Rasti … her mother before she came home. a. have phoned b. phones c. has phoned d. phoned e. had phoned 15) The drugs … by Diego, she got influenza. a. drinking b. has drank c. has been drank d. have drank e. had been drank 2. Vocabulary 116



No



Bahasa ingris



Bahasa indonesia



1.



Penyakit



Disease



2.



Kadar



Levels



3.



Gangguan



Disturbance



4.



Pembentukan



Formation



5.



Energi



Energy



6.



Menyebabkan



Causes



7.



Diabetes



Diabetes



8.



Disembuhkan



Healed



9.



Mengelola



Manage



10.



Kekebalan



Immunity



11.



Kekebalan



Attack



12.



Menyerang



Attack



13.



Menghancurkan



Destroy



14.



Diagnosis



Diagnosis



15.



Penderita



Patient



16.



Setengah baya



Middle-aged



17.



Berkembang



Depeloping



18.



Kehamilan



Pregnacy



19.



Tergantung



Dependens on



20.



Memicu



Trigger



21.



Hampir



Almost



117



UNIT 12 URIC ACID Analysis : Whichever, whatever, whenever, wherever dan gerund, Present Continuous tense.



In uric acid, it is a form of arthritis that causes redness, swelling, and pain that come unexpectedly in the joints of your body. Sometimes there are lay people who refer to it asuric acid , however this is not entirely appropriate. Any part of the body such as the big toe is the most frequently affected by uric acid, but the disease can also affect other joints in the foot, such as the knees, ankles, soles of the feet. Uric acid also sometimes occurs in the arms, hands, wrists, and elbows. The spine can also be affected although it is rare. Dalam asam urat, itu adalah bentuk radang sendi yang menyebabkan kemerahan, bengkak, dan rasa sakit yang datang secara tidak terduga di persendian tubuh Anda. Kadangkadang ada orang awam yang menganggapnya sebagai asam, namun ini tidak sepenuhnya tepat. Setiap bagian tubuh seperti jempol kaki paling sering dipengaruhi oleh asam urat, tetapi penyakit ini juga dapat mempengaruhi sendi lain di kaki, seperti lutut, pergelangan kaki, telapak kaki. Asam urat juga kadang terjadi di lengan, tangan, pergelangan tangan, dan siku. Tulang belakang juga dapat terpengaruh meskipun jarang. Although this uric acid disease may be a chronic disease, this condition can be cured and prevented in order not to relapse and also any disease it should, it is better to prevent than to treat. some cases, uric acid disease do not show any symptoms at first. The symptoms of uric acid are usually begin to appear when the sufferers are already experiencing acute conditions or chronic instead. The most common symptoms are: Meskipun itu adalah penyakit, itu mungkin penyakit kronis, seharusnya lebih baik mencegah daripada mengobati. beberapa kasus, penyakit asam urat tidak menunjukkan gejala apa pun pada awalnya. Gejala asam urat biasanya mulai muncul penderitanya yang sudah mengalami kondisi akut atau kronik sebagai gantinya. Gejala yang paling umum adalah: a. Severe and sudden joint pain, which is often the first to occur in the morning. Nyeri sendi yang parah dan mendadak, yang sering kali pertama terjadi pada pagi hari b. The joints are swollen and tender, Persendian bertukar dan lembut c. Joint redness, Kemerahan sendi d. A sense of heat around the joints, Rasa panas di sekitar persendian Uric acid symptoms usually appear suddenly, whenever possible because it can be unpredictable, and often occur in the middle of the night. Most of the 118



symptoms of gout only happens within a few hours during the day of 1-2. However, in severe cases, pain in the joints could occur within weeks. If you experience these symptoms, then gout you have quite severe. Gejala asam urat biasanya muncul tiba-tiba, bila memungkinkan karena bisa tidak dapat diprediksi, dan sering terjadi di tengah malam. Sebagian besar gejala asam urat hanya terjadi dalam beberapa jam selama hari 1-2. Namun, pada kasus yang parah, nyeri pada persendian bisa terjadi dalam beberapa minggu. Jika Anda mengalami gejala-gejala ini, maka gout Anda sudah cukup parah. I have a friend of propertied disease gout. For him, gout is a disease that knows no time, whenever the disease can relapse. Early symptoms he experienced was pain in the joints in the morning, flushed and swollen joints. The doctor said when he did the examination, the cause of gout has is, unhealthy eating patterns, and alcoholic beverages. Saya punya teman dari Propertied Disease Gout. Baginya, asam urat adalah penyakit yang tidak mengenal waktu, kapan pun penyakit itu bisa kambuh. Gejala awal adalah rasa sakit yang dialami pada sendi di pagi hari, sendi memerah dan bengkak. Dokter mengatakan ketika dia di pemeriksaan, penyebab encok, pola makan yang tidak sehat, dan minuman beralkohol. For him the disease enough to make its activities is hampered, for that he is doing anything to relieve his pain, such as exercise regularly or to consume a healthy diet. One of the ways that he uses to relieve pain is consuming drugs of uric acid. In any drug store usually available remedies uric acid, and by the time I met him, he was buying medicine at a pharmacy to buy medicine gout without prescribed for pain relief. Baginya, penyakit ini cukup membuat aktivitasnya meregang, untuk itu ia melakukan apa saja untuk menghilangkan rasa sakitnya, seperti berolahraga secara teratur atau mengonsumsi makanan sehat. Salah satu cara yang dia gunakan untuk menghilangkan rasa sakit adalah obat asam urat. Di setiap toko obat biasanya tersedia untuk asam urat, dan pada saat itu, dia membeli obat di apotek untuk membeli obat tanpa resep untuk menghilangkan rasa sakit.



Grammar Focus Present continuous tense: Present continuous tense is used for actions happening now or for an action that is unfinished. Distance is also used when the action is temporary. The present continuous tense is formed with the subject+ the present particle form (-ing) of the main verb and the present continuous tense of the verb to be ( am, is, are) Example: 1. I am checking blood pressure today. 2. The Nurses are giving many treatments after lunch.



119



Present continuous tense adalah tense yang berfungsi untuk mengungkapkan aksi yang sedang dilakukan pada masa sekarang (ketika berbicara) dan sesuatu di masa depan. Kalimat present continuous dibentuk oleh auxiliary verb “be” seperti am, is, are dan diikuti oleh present participle (bentuk V 1+ing). Kata kerja yang dipakai dalam tense ini biasanya adalah dynamic atau action verbs, yakni kata kerja yang yang menyatakan aksi atau adanya pergerakkan. Jika kalimat present continuous menggunakan stative verbs–kata kerja yang tidak menunjukkan aksi melainkan hanya menunjukkan sebuah situasi dan kondisi, biasanya kalimat tersebut memiliki makna pragmatik tertentu. Berikut adalah contoh kalimat present continuous beserta fungsi-fungsinya: Untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang sedang dan masih terjadi ketika kita mengatakannya. Contoh: 1. I am studying English now. 2. Don’t make any sound! The students are having an exam. 1. Whenever Untuk used menyatakan sesuatu yang kita anggapinhanya sementara. Contoh: for emphasis instead of “when” questions, typically expressing surprise or confusion. 1. We are staying in a nearby hotel. 2. I’m Example : working on my undergraduate thesis. 1. whenever possible because it can be unpredictable, and often occur in the middle of the night. Relative Pronouns 2. You can ask for help whenever you need it. 2. Wherever Use for emphasis instead of “where” in questions, typically expressing surprise of confusion Example: 1.Wherever we seek treatment, BPJS can be applied 2. Caregiver will come to your home, wherever you live 3. Whichever Used to emphasize a lack of restriction in selecting one of a definite set of alternatives. Example: 1. Whichever hospital you choose you still give same treatments. 2. Whichever patient come to the nurse , They can give same treatments. 4. Whatever 120 Used to emphasize a lack of restriction in referring to any thing or amount, no matter what.



"do whatever you like”



Dialogue Practice Patient



: Good morning



Nurse



: Good morning, can I help you?



Patient



: I am lately complaining pain on the legs



Nurse



: Just laydown first Ms. let me check (while speaking)



Patients



: Well sister



Nurse



: When the mother complaining of pain in the foot?



Patient



: I'm sick whining on the part of the foot since 2 days ago



Nurse



: After I check, this experience uric acid mother



Patients



: Uric acid? What is a nurse, could you please explain?



Nurse



: Gout is a form of arthritis that causes redness, swelling and pain that come unexpectedly in the joints of the body. Uric acid is not only attacked at the foot of the course but the uric acid also attacked thewrist, hands, arms and elbows.



Patient



: Then what causes of uric acid of these sisters?



Nurses



: High uric acid can be caused by complications of consuming lots of foods high In uric acid levels, rarely exercise so that uric acid levels cannot burn into energy Triggered by age and also usually unhealthy foods also contain high cholesterol.



Patient



: Oke nurse, I will more cared to my self



Please answer the following questions below 1. What is meaning of uric acid ? ……………………………………………………………………………… 2. The part that is often affected by uric acid ? ……………………………………………………………………………… 3. Which joints are at risk for uric acid ? ……………………………………………………………………………… 4. In addition to teh area of the foot where uric acid cab occur ? ……………………………………………………………………………… 5. What symtoms are felt by uric acid sufferes ? ……………………………………………………………………………… 6. When usually uric acid comes ? 121



………………………………………………………………………………



7. How many hours of uric acid is felt by the patient ? ……………………………………………………………………………… 8. What is the initial symtom of uric acid ? ……………………………………………………………………………… 9. What is the cause of uric acid ? ……………………………………………………………………………... 10. How to relieve pain cluring uric acid ? ……………………………………………………………………………… 11. What are the factors of uric acid? ……………………………………………………………………….......... 12. How to prevent uric acid? ……………………………………………………………………………… 13. At what age can someone get exposed to uric acid? ……………………………………………………………………………… 14. What are the characteristics of uric acid? ……………………………………………………………………………… 15. What foods are not allowed and should not be consumed by patients who get uric acid? ………………………………………………………………………………



NO



Arti Vocabularies



1



Completely



Sama sekali



2



Often



Sering



3



Ordinary



Biasa



4



Make



Buat



5



Health



Kesehatan



6



Feel



Rasakan



7



Routine



Rutin



8



Discipline



Disiplin



9



Anything



Apasaja



10



Wherever



Kemana pun



11



Remedies



Pengobatan



12



Swelling



Bengkak 122



13



Appropriated



Tepat



14



Examination



Pemeriksaan



15



Prescribed



Diresepkan



16



Occurs



Terjadi



17



Frequently



Sering



18



Hampered



Tertahan



19



Tender



Lembut



20



Exercise



Latihan



21



Remedies



Pengobatan



22



Relief



Bantuan



Please choose the best answers for the following questions below 1. Danu …….. helping his mom in a hospital a. Will be b. Is c. Are d. was e. had 2. Prily .......... stop smoking tomorow a. Was b. Were c. Will be d. Are e. Is 3. Boby …….. studying healt life next years a. Was b. Will be c. Are d. Is e. Had 4. Dina …….. beingin the hospital tomorrow at 02.00 p.m a. Is b. Are c. Will be d. Was e. Has 5. I shall be ……a medical in the pharmacy at three 0’clock tomorrow afternoon a. Are 123



b. Was c. Buy d. Buying e. The buy 6. We shall be ……..grand father at the hospital tomorrow arternoon a. Is b. Visiting c. Visit d. Visited e. The visit 7. Nina ………going to the hospital tomorrow a. Is b. Am c. Will be d. Are e. Have 8. The doctor ………checking the patient this afternoon a. Was b. Were c. Will be d. Willnot be e. Have 9. Will you …….. buying medicine? a. Was b. Will be c. Are d. Be e. Were 10. Pina ………. feeding his aunt in a hospital a. Will be b. Is c. Are d. Was e. Were 11. I am …………….. somefriens after work. a. Meet b. Meets c. Is meet d. Meeting e. Was met 12. Is he ……….. his parents next weekend? a. Visiting b. Visited c. Visit d. Visits e. Is visit 124



13. ………….. he coming with us tonight? a. Isn’t b. Aren’t c. Wasn’t d. Weren’t e. Won’t 14. She is always ………….. to class late a. Comes b. Coming c. Come d. Came e. Is come 15. Right now, tom is ……… the latter. a. Write b. Writing c. Written d. Writes e. Is write



125



UNIT 13 BACK PAIN Analysis : Article, noun, Present Continuous tense



Back pain is an unpleasant sensory sensation due to tissue damage or possible tissue damage along the spine, from the base of the neck to the tailbone. The symptoms can be pain that comes and goes, and tends to worsen at night. Back pain can be triggered by body postures that are not ideal when sitting, standing, or bending. This condition can also be caused by the effect of lifting objects that are too heavy. Nyeri punggung adalah sensasi sensorik yang tidak menyenangkan sehubungan dengan kerusakan jaringan atau kemungkinan adanya kerusakan jaringan di sepanjang tulang belakang, dari dasar leher hingga ke tulang ekor.Gejalanya bisa berupa rasa sakit yang datang dan pergi, serta cenderung memburuk di kala malam.Nyeri punggung dapat terpicu oleh postur tubuh yang tidak ideal saat duduk, berdiri, atau membungkuk.Kondisi ini juga bisa diakibatkan oleh efek mengangkat benda yang terlalu berat The most common causes are sprains, minor injuries, pinched or irritated nerves, and muscle tension. But sometimes back pain can occur suddenly for no apparent reason. For example, some people who wake up in the morning can suddenly feel back pain without knowing the cause. Here are some other things that can cause 126



back pain: Penyebab paling umum adalah keseleo, cedera ringan, saraf terjepit atau teriritasi, dan ketegangan otot.Namun kadang-kadang nyeri punggung dapat terjadi mendadak tanpa sebab yang jelas.Misalnya, sebagian orang yang bangun di pagi hari tiba-tiba dapat merasa nyeri punggung tanpa tahu penyebabnya. Berikut ini beberapa hal lain yang dapat menyebabkan nyeri punggung:



1. The wrong body position when lifting, carrying, pressing, or pulling something 2. Excessive body stretching 3. The sitting position is not correct 4. Reverse the body suddenly 5. Drive for a long time or in a bent position without pause 6. Bad movements that are done repeatedly can trigger excessive muscle work 1. Posisi tubuh yang salah saat mengangkat, membawa, menekan, atau menarik sesuatu 2. .Perenggangan tubuh yang berlebihan 3. Posisiduduk yang tidak benar 4. Membalikkan badan secara tiba-tiba 5. Berkendara dalam waktu lama atau dalam posisi membungkuk tanpa jeda 6. Gerakan buruk yang dilakukan berulang-ulang dapat memicu otot bekerja secara berlebihan. How to Handle Back Pain There are various ways of handling that can be done so that the pain becomes prolonged, namely: 1. Vitamin B12



127



Giving vitamin B12 can be a viable option for treatment of chronic back pain, because some studies suggest reduced pain after vitamin B12 administration. Vitamin B12 is believed to provide benefits in the regeneration of injured nerves such as suppression of the spinal cord. However, further research is needed on the effects of anti-pain and how vitamin B12 works in treating back pain. Giving vitamin B12 can be combined with painkiller drugs, such as paracetamol, because it is safe and does not cause adverse effects. Vitamin B12 Pemberian vitamin B12 dapat menjadi pilihan yang layak untuk pengobatan terhadap nyeri punggung kronis, karena beberapa penelitian menyatakan nyeri berkurang setelah pemberian vitamin B12.Vitamin B12 dipercaya dapat memberikan manfaat dalam regenerasi saraf yang cedera seperti pada penekanan saraf tulang belakang. Namun butuh penelitian lebih lanjut terhadap efek antinyeri dan cara kerja vitamin B12 dalam mengatasi nyeri punggung. Pemberian vitamin B12 dapat dikombinasikan dengan obat antinyeri, seperti paracetamol, karena aman dan tidak menimbulkan efek yang merugikan. 2. Complementary therapy Handling chronic back pain can include a combination of painkillers and one of manual therapy, acupuncture, and taking physical exercise classes The location of the acupressure point on the back Nerve point back pain First, is the acupressure point located next to the left third vertebra of the vertebra Second, lies two fingers next to the acupressure point 1a on the left back Acupressure points 1b and 2b are the same as 1a and 2a, the difference lies on the right side of the back Terapi Komplementer Penanganan nyeri punggung yang kronis dapat meliputi kombinasi obat pereda sakit dan salah satu dari terapi manual, akupunktur, dan mengikuti kelas-kelas latihan fisik. 128



Letak titik akupresur di punggung Titik saraf sakit punggung Pertama, adalah titik akupresur yang terletak di samping tulang punggung ruas ke tiga sebelah kiri Kedua, terletak dua jari disebelah titik akupresur 1a di punggung sebelah kiri Titik akupresur 1b dan 2b adalah sama dengan 1a dan 2a, bedanya terletak disebelah kanan punggung Melisa is an office employee that works is more spent in the office. Today, Melisa visits the hospital. She is going to the hospital not to visit someone, but she will check her condition. Two days ago she felt back pain, but now the pain felt not lost. Doctors began examining Melisa's condition and also Melisa learned about her illness.Doctors said that Melisa's back pain was naturally caused by her activities.Melisa always sits for a long time in the office, therefore she has back pain. Melisa adalah karyawan kantor yang pekerjaannya lebih banyak dihabiskan di kantor.Hari ini, Melisa mengunjungi rumah sakit.Dia pergi ke rumah sakit



tidak untuk mengunjungi seseorang,tetapi dia akan



memeriksa kondisinya.Dua hari yang lalu dia merasakan sakit punggung, tetapi sekarang rasa sakit yangdia rasakan tidak hilang.Dokter mulai memeriksa kondisi Melisa dan juga Melisa belajar tentang penyakitnya.Dokter mengatakan bahwa sakit punggung Melisa secara alami disebabkan oleh kegiatannya.Melisa selalu duduk untuk waktu yang lama di kantor sehingga menyebabkan sakit punggung. Most sufferers experience back pain due to mechanical reasons such as a lifestyle that requires them to sit for a long time without being balanced with adequate exercise, lifting heavy objects, or having an accident that injures the back and surrounding area. Kebanyakan penderita mengalami sakit punggung karena alasan mekanis seperti gaya hidup yang mengharuskan mereka untuk duduk untuk waktu yang lama tanpa diimbangi dengan olahraga yang cukup, mengangkat benda berat, atau mengalami kecelakaan yang melukai punggung dan daerah sekitarnya. Back pain can be distinguished based on the time of occurrence. Acute back pain is experienced for several days, sub-acute is experienced for 4 - 12 weeks, and 129



chronic for 12 weeks. Back pain is generally experienced by parents. This is due to bone erosion in an elderly person .In some conditions, back pain is a major problem which is a symptom of certain diseases. Back pain can be an early symptom for patients with kidney disease. Back pain can also be a symptom of leukemia. Kidney disease and leukemia are not easily cured. if you experience kidney disease for too long. Back pain can be treated with medication / ointments, physical therapy, nerve blocks, epidural steroid injections, etc. Most cases of back pain can heal on their own without the doctor's treatment, especially in a 72 hour period. Some methods such as compressing it with warm and cold water alternately, resting your back against pillow or a towel either straight or sideways, taking a bath with warm water, until taking drugs such as ibuprofen or paracetamol can be done to speed recovery. Sakit punggung dapat dibedakan berdasarkan waktu terjadinya.Sakit punggung akut dialami selama beberapa hari, sub-akut dialami selama 4 - 12 minggu, dan kronis selama 12 minggu.Sakit punggung umumnya dialami oleh orang tua.Hal ini dikarenakan erosi tulang pada seseorang yang sudah tua.Dalam beberapa kondisi, sakit punggung adalah masalah utama yang merupakan gejala penyakit tertentu.Sakit punggung dapat menjadi gejala awal untuk pasien dengan penyakit ginjal.Sakit punggung juga bisa menjadi salah satu gejala leukemia.Penyakit ginjal dan leukemia tidak mudah disembuhkan.Karena itu kita perluwaspada jika kita mengalami penyakit ginjal terlalu lama.Sakit punggung dapat diobati dengan obat / salep, terapi fisik, blok saraf, suntikan steroid epidural, dan lainlain.Sebagian besar kasus nyeri punggung dapat sembuh sendiri tanpa penanganan dokter, terutama dalam periode 72 jam.Beberapa metode seperti memadatkannya



dengan



air



hangat



dan



dingin



secara



bergantian,



menyandarkan punggung dengan bantal atau handuk baik lurus atau menyamping, mandi dengan air hangat, hingga mengonsumsi obat-obatan seperti ibuprofen atau parasetamol dapat dilakukan untuk mempercepat pemulihan. After getting an explanation and prescription from the doctor, now he is going to the pharmacy to take the medicine. Arriving at home, he can take the medicine given earlier and use the ointment prescribed by the doctor. Now he is undergoing drug therapy from the doctor. He stretches and often exercises so that 130



his back can relax a little and not get sick as before.He changed his sitting position while working and tried to do a little stretching while working.It helped him reduce his back pain.He really wanted his back to heal as quickly as possible so he could move normally . Setelah mendapatkan penjelasan dan resep dari dokter, sekarang dia pergi ke apotek untuk mengambil obatnya.Sesampai di rumah, melisa meminum obat yang diberikan sebelumnya dan menggunakan salep yang diresepkan oleh dokter.Sekarang dia menjalani terapi obat dari dokter.Dia



melakukan



sehinggapunggungnya



dapat



peregangan sedikit



dan rileks



dan



sering tidak



berolahraga sakit



seperti



sebelumnya.Dia mengubah posisi duduknya saat bekerja dan mencoba melakukan sedikit peregangan saat bekerja.Itu membantunya mengurangi rasa sakit punggungnya.Dia benar-benar ingin punggungnya sembuh secepat mungkin sehingga dia bisa bergerak dengan normal Melisa should often Exercise and Exercise Regular exercise reduces back pain by strengthening and stretchingthe muscles that support the spine and help prevent injury later on. To overcome lumbago, you can do the following: Walk a short distance Stretch and do flexibility exercises Use a stationary bike Swim Melisa harus sering Latihan dan Olah Raga Olahraga teratur mengurangi nyeri pinggang dengan memperkuat dan peregangan otot-otot yang mendukung tulang belakang dan membantu mencegah cedera di kemudian hari. Untuk mengatasi rasa sakit pinggang, Anda dapat melakukan hal berikut: Berjalan jarak pendek Stretch dan melakukan latihan fleksibilitas Gunakan sepeda stasioner Dialogue Practice Melisa: Good afternoon, Doc. My name is Melisa. Doctor: Good afternoon, my name is Irma. Is there anything I can do for you? Melisa: I have a problem with my back. Now I feel my back is very painful. Doctor: When did you start to feel the pain? Melisa: I thought it was 2 days ago. Doctor: Have you taken medicine before? Melisa: No. At the moment I don't take any medication or therapy. This is the first time I have checked my back pain. Doctor: What is your job? 131



Melisa: I am an employee at a company. Doctor: Do you sit at work more often? Melisa: Yes, doctor. Doctor: Are there other complaints besides back pain? Melisa: No, Doc. Doctor: The possibility of back pain that you feel is a result of your activities that sit more often. Back pain can be an early symptom for other diseases, but because what you experience is just a backache like that because you sit for a long time. Melisa: Then what should I do with my back pain? Doctor: I will prescribe you some medications and ointments, and also start exercising regularly. Melisa: Well, from now on I will be diligent in 9 Doctor: Again, don't forget to do stretching if you've been sitting too long. And if you have free time, try yoga exercises to make your feelings relax and cure your back pain as soon as possible. Melisa: Ok, thank you very much doc. Doctor: You're welcome



VOCABULARY



132



No



Vocabulary



A



r



1



Lifting



P e n g a n g k a t a n



2



Painkiller



penawar rasa sakit



3



Examining



M



e



m



4



Suffers



P



e



n



5



Mechanical



M



6



Surrounding



S e k i t a r n y a



7



Distinguished



D



8



E r o s i o n



E



9



E l d e r l y



T



10



Symptom



G



11



Exercises



12



Stetching



13



U np le as an t



14



Bending



p e m b a n g k a k a n



15



R e s t i n g



B e r i s t i r a h a t



16



Handlling



P e n a n g a n a n



17



T r i g g e r



P



18



Kidney



G



19



Knowing



m e n g e t a h u i



20



Lifting



P e n g a n g k u t a n



e



i



t



e



r



i



k



s



a



d



e



r



i



t



a



k



b



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PRESENT CONTINUOUS The present continuous of any verb is composed of two parts - the present tense of the verb to be + the present participle of the main verb. (The form of the present participle is: V+ing, e.g. talking, playing, moving, smiling) Affirmative Subject + to be + V+ ing Example: She is talking. Negative Subject + to be + not + V+ ing Example: She is not (isn't) talking Interrogative to be + subject + V+ing Example: Is she talking? Affirmative



Negative



Interrogative



I am going



I am not going



Am I going?



You are going



You aren't going.



Are you going?



He, she, it is going



He, she, it isn't going



Is he, she, it going?



We are going



We aren't going



Are we going?



You are going



You aren't going



Are you going?



They are going



They aren't going



Are they going?



Note: alternative negative contractions: I'm not going, you're not going, he's not going etc.



FUNCTIONS OF THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS As with all tenses in English, the speaker's attitude is as important as the time of the action or event. When someone uses the present continuous, they are thinking about something that is unfinished or incomplete THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS IS USED: To describe an action that is going on at this moment: You are using the Internet. You are studying English grammar. To describe an action that is going 134



on during this period of time or a trend: Are you still working for the same company? More and more people are becoming vegetarian. To describe an action or event in the future, which has already been planned or prepared: We're going on holiday tomorrow. I'm meeting my boyfriend tonight. Are they visiting you next winter? To describe a temporary event or situation: He usually plays the drums, but he's playing bass guitar tonight. The weather forecast was good, but it's raining at the moment. With "always, forever, constantly", to describe and emphasise a continuing series of repeated actions: Harry and Sally are always arguing! You're constantly complaining about your mother-in-law!



PRESENT CONTINUOUS EXAMPLE IN SENTENCES 1.



She is going to the hospital not to visit someone, but she will check her condition.



2.



After getting an explanation and prescription from the doctor, now he is going to the pharmacy to take the medicine



3.



Now he is under going drug therapy from the doctor.



Please answer the following questions below 1.



When is the patient feeling pain ……………………………………………………………………………..



2.



What is patient complaining? …………………………………………………………………………….



3.



What is doctor recommending to the patient? ……………………………………………………………………………..



4.



Who is feeling the back pain? ……………………………………………………………………………..



5.



Whats is the patient’s job? ……………………………………………………………………………..



6.



What is the name of the doctor? ……………………………………………………………………………..



7.



What the doctor will do to her patient ? 135



…………………………………………………………………………….. 8.



Where is the patient feeling pain? ……………………………………………………………………………...



9.



What causes the patient to feel pain? ……………………………………………………………………………..



10. Is the patient eating the medicine? …………………………………………………………………………….. 11. What diseases can be marked by disrupted pain? …………………………………………………………………………….. 12. Is running can cause back pain? ……………………………………………………………………………... 13. What exercises should be done to prevent back pain? …………………………………………………………………………….. 14. What foods should be avoided if you have a back pain? ……………………………………………………………………….. 15. Can back pain be treated in a natural way? …………………………………………………………………………… Please choose the following sentences below for the correct answers 1. Mr. Wirawan is still . . . . . from a back pain since last week. a. Suffering b. Suffered c. Suffering d. Suffery e. Pain 2. I am. . . . . . . vitamins everyday to prevent sickness a. Drink b. Dringking c. Drink d. Gule e. Dring 3. My mom . . . . . going to the hospital once a month to do a medical check up. a. Hy b. Is c. Are d. An 136



e.



Him



4. He . . . . . . .still using braces until next year a. Him b. His c. Are d. An e. Is 5. I am . . . . stitches now because i was in a caraccideat this morning. a. Get b. Gain c. Getting d. Attain e. Have 6. He is still . . . . . . to singapore for get treatment a. Going b. Goes c. Go d. Gone e. Went 7. He is still ... to the pharmaacy to buy a medicine a. Go b. Went c. Going d. Goes e. Gone 8. Every week we ... going to the therapy for recovery a. Is b. Are c. Am d. Him e. His 9. She is go to hospital for control .................. a. Regurally b. Regularys c. Systematically d. Regularing e. Regulared’ 10. A ... no longer using braces a. His b. Are c. Him d. Am e. Is 137



11. The pain caused when back pain … very painful? a. It b. Can c. Are d. is e. a 12. Left back pain caused by? a. Muscle tension b. Kidney disorders c. Cold d. Fatigue e. Cramps 13. Whether back pain can interfere with daily rautines? a. Yes b. No c. Can d. Don’t e. Do 14. What are the signs of low back pain a. Tingling b. Stomach ache c. Cold d. Headache e. Dehydration 15. One of the diseases that … be matched with another is back pain a. Can b. The c. On d. Don’t e. Cramps



138



UNIT 14 TINGLING Analysis : Conjunction, Past tense, Future perfect tense perfect tense



Doing repetitive activities such as motorbike driving, typing, and sweeping can be one of the causes of tingling and numbness in the hand. Then What causes tingling, stiffness to numbness in the hands or feet? Melakukan kegiatan berulang seperti berkendara motor, mengetik, dan menyapu dapat menjadi salah satu penyebab kesemutan dan mati rasa di tangan. Lalu Apakah yang menyebabkan kesemutan, kekakuan hingga mati rasa pada bagian tangan atau kaki? Numbness or tingling describes the loss of sensation or taste in parts of the body. This is often accompanied by or combined with changes in needle-like sensations, burning, or tingling. Numbness can occur along the associated nerve, on one side of the body or on both sides of the body. Mati rasa atau kesemutan menggambarkan hilangnya sensasi atau rasa pada bagian tubuh. Hal ini sering disertai dengan atau dikombinasikan dengan perubahan sensasi seperti tertusuk jarum, terbakar, atau kesemutan. Mati rasa dapat terjadi pada sepanjang saraf yang terkait, pada satu sisi tubuh atau pada kedua sisi tubuh Numbness is most often caused by damage, irritation, or nerve pressure that affects a single nerve branch or some nerves that might be affected. The nerves that are generally affected are those in the peripheral part of the body. Numbness caused by brain or spinal cord problems is rare. Certain diseases such as diabetes can cause severe damage to the nerves, causing numbness. I have an uncle named Uncle Jack. He is a tailor who started his business 15 years ago. The distance between the house and the place of work is around 1.5 km. Uncle Jack has a wife with 2 children, 1 son and 1 daughter. All children need love and attention because their children are aged 5 and 4 years. Mati rasa paling sering disebabkan oleh kerusakan, iritasi, atau tekanan saraf yang mempengaruhi cabang saraf tunggal atau beberapa saraf yang mungkin akan 139



terpengaruh. Saraf yang pada umumnya terpengaruh adalah yang berada pada bagian perifer tubuh. Mati rasa yang disebabkan oleh masalah otak atau sumsum tulang belakang jarang terjadi.



Penyakit-penyakit tertentu seperti diabetes dapat



menyebabkan kerusakan parah pada saraf sehingga menyebabkan terjadinya mati rasa. Saya memiliki seorang paman bernama paman Jack. Ia adalah seorang penjahit yang memulai usahanya sejak 15 tahun silam. Jarak antara rumah dan tempat bekerjanya sekitar 1,5 km. Paman Jack memiliki seorang istri dengan 2 orang anak, 1 anak laki-laki dan 1 anak perempuan. Semua anaknya membutuhkan kasih sayang dan perhatian karena anak-anaknya masih umur berumur 5 dan 4 tahun. Uncle Jack worked hard day and night to fulfill his family's daily needs to eat and buy milk for his children. He cannot treat his children with a high lifestyle because his income is not enough to do that. At one point Uncle Jack suddenly experienced a loss of sensation or taste in his body. Then Uncle went to the house of his friend who was a nurse to ask his complaint with a pain like a needle uncle continued his journey. Uncle Jack arrived at his friend's house. Paman Jack bekerja keras siang dan malam untuk memenuhi kebutuhan keluarganya sehari-hari untuk makan dan membeli susu untuk anak-anaknya. Ia tidak bisa manjakan anak-anaknya dengan gaya hidup tinggi karena penghasilannya tidaklah cukup untuk melakukan hal tersebut. Pada suatu ketika Paman Jack tiba-tiba mengalami hilangnya sensasi atau rasa pada bagian tubuhnya. Lalu Paman pergi menuju rumah temannya yang seorang perawat untuk menanyakan keluhannya tersebut dengan rasa sakit seperti tertusuk jarum paman tetap melanjutkan perjalannya. Sampailah Paman Jack di rumah temannya. Uncle Jack



: "Om Swastyastu"



Nurse



: "Om Swastyastu sir"



Uncle Jack



: "Sorry, sir, my arrival was disturbing, I complained to my feet



like a numb pack" Nurse



: "It's okay sir, please sit down, since when did your feet feel like



this?" Uncle Jack



:"When SEMUTAN DAPAT TERJADI DIMANA SAJA



PARESTHESIA Doing repetitive activities such as motorbike driving, typing, and sweeping can be one of the causes of tingling and numbness in the hand. Then What causes tingling, stiffness to numbness in the hands or feet? 140



Numbness or tingling describes the loss of sensation or taste in parts of the body. This is often accompanied by or combined with changes in needle-like sensations, burning, or tingling. Numbness can occur along the associated nerve, on one side of the body or on both sides of the body. Numbness is most often caused by damage, irritation, or nerve pressure that affects a single nerve branch or some nerves that might be affected. The nerves that are generally affected are those in the peripheral part of the body. Numbness caused by brain or spinal cord problems is rare. Certain diseases such as diabetes can cause severe damage to the nerves, causing numbness. I have an uncle named Uncle Jack. He is a tailor who started his business 15 years ago. The distance between the house and the place of work is around 1.5 km. Uncle Jack has a wife with 2 children, 1 son and 1 daughter. All children need love and attention because their children are aged 5 and 4 years. Uncle Jack worked hard day and night to fulfill his family's daily needs to eat and buy milk for his children. He cannot treat his children with a high lifestyle because his income is not enough to do that. At one point Uncle Jack suddenly experienced a loss of sensation or taste in his body. Then Uncle went to the house of his friend who was a nurse to ask his complaint with a pain like a needle uncle continued his journey. Uncle Jack arrived at his friend's house. CONJUCTION,PAST TENSE,FUTURE PERFECT TENSE AND PERFECT TENSE CONJUCTION A conjuction ( also,called a connective ) is a word such as and, because,but,for,if,or and when. Conjuction are used to connect phrases, clauses, and sentence. There are two main kind of conjuction. 1. COORDINATING CONJUCTION Coordinating conjuctions join items that are of equal importance in a sentence. 1. This is often accompanied by or combined with changes in needle-like sensations, burning, or tingling. 2. his family's daily needs to eat and buy milk for his children 2. SUBORDINATING CONJUCTIONS



141



Subordinating conjuctions connect subordinate clauses to the main clause of a sentence 1. All children need love and attention because their children are aged 5 and 4 years. PAST TENSE There are two tenses in English – past and present. The past tense in English is used :  To talk about the past  To talk about hypotheses-things that are imagined rather than true  For politeness There are four past tense forms in English Tense



Form



Past simple



I worked



Past continuous



I was working



Past perfect



I had worked



Past perfect continuous



I had been working



We use these from To talk about the past: 1. She worked at Hospital. She had worked there since January 2. She was working at Hospital. She had been working since January Forming the simple past tense Affirmative Subject +verb+ed I injected Negative



142



Subject+did not+invinitive without to They didn’t go Interrogative negative Did not+subject+infinitive without to Did not you play? FUTURE PERFECT TENSE From The future perfect is composed of two elements The simple future of the verb “ to have” ( will have ) + the past participle of the main verb



Subject + will + past participle of the main verb He I



will have will have



Affirmative



finished finished



Negative



Interrogative



Negative interrogative



I will have arrived



I won’t have



Will I have arrived?



arrived



Won’t I have arrived?



You will have



You won’t have



Will you have



Won’t you arrived?



arrived



arrived



arrived?



He will have



He won’t have



Will he have



Won’t he have



arrived



arrived



arrived?



arrived?



We will have



We won’t have



Will we have



Won’t we have



arrived



arrived



arrived?



arrived?



They will have



They won’t have



Will they have



Won’t threy have



arrived



arrived



arrived?



arrived?



PRESENT PERFECT TENSE



143



The present perfect is used to indicate a link between the present and the past. The time of the action is before now but not specified, and wen are often more interested in the result that in the action itself. FORMING THE PRESENT PERFECT The present perfect of any verb is composed of two elements : the appropriate form of the auxiliary verb to have (present tense), plus the past participle of the main verb. The past participle of a regular verb is base+ed, e.g. played, arrived, looked. For irregular verbs, see the table of irregular verbs in the section called “Verbs” Affirmative Subject



to have



past participle



She



has



visited



Subject



to have+not



past participle



She



has not



visited



To have



subject



past participle



Has



she



visited ?



Negative



Interrogative



Dialogue Practice Uncle Jack



: "Om Swastyastu"



Nurse



: "Om Swastyastu sir"



Uncle Jack



: "Sorry, sir, my arrival was disturbing, I complained to my feet



like a numb pack” Nurse



: "It's okay sir, please sit down, since when did your feet feel like



this?" Uncle Jack



: “ when I wanted to open my shop this morning sir "



Nurse



: "Oh, this is called Paresthesia sir, because you do the work over



and over again but can't get enough rest" Uncle Jack



: "Can this be cured?"



Nurse



: "It could be reduced by moving the affected hand or leg slowly



so that blood circulation is smooth, well sir, let me help move your hands and feet slowly" 144



(nurses help grind Uncle Jack's hands and feet) Nurse



: "how is it more comfortable?"



Uncle Jack



: "A little better than before"



Nurse



: "Good to do the movement more often so that you avoid



numbness" Uncle Jack



: "Good thanks sir"



Nurse



: "your welcome sir



Vocabulary



NO Vocabulary



Arti



1



Suddenly



Tiba-tiba



2



Rarely



Jarang



3



Immediately



Segera



4



Currently



Saat ini



5



Each



Setiap



6



Examined



Diperiksa



7



Occours



Terjadi



8



Medication



Obat



9



Pingling



Kesemutan



10



Depart



Berangkat



11



Pain



Nyeri



1.



12



Arrival



Kedatangan



…………………………………….



13



Round



Putaran



14



Healed



Disembuhkan



15



Can



Bisa



16



Travel



Perjalanan



17



Repeatedly



Berulang ulang



18



Rest



Beristirahat



4.



19



Blood circulation



Peredaran darah



………………………………………



20



Move



Penggerakan



Please answer the questions below



2.



Will the food be affecting tingling? What will be causing of the



tingling? ……………………………………. 3.



What the exercise can overcome



tingling? ……………………………………. What foods can overcome tingling ?



145



5.



Will it tingling can be overcome by natural means?



……………………………………… 6.



how tingling can signal other diseases?



………………………………………. 7.



How many types of tingling are there?



…………………………………………. 8.



Will it fatigve can cause?



…………………………………………. 9.



How it by doing hand movements can relieve pain in tingling in the hand?



………………………………………….. 10.



how tingling can interferen with daily wook?



………………………………………….. 11.



When tingling usually accurs?



…………………………………………. 12.



What happens when the tingling recurs?



…………………………………………. 13.



In anyone who usually experiences tingling?



………………………………………….. 14.



Will it tingling can cause dealt



………………………………………… 15.



how tingling can be a dangerous disease?



…………………………………………….. GRAMMARIAN 1.



Pain that occurs withing a short period of time has no harmful effects, is an



understanding of has no harmful effects, is an understanding of a.



Pain



b.



Chronic pain



c.



Acute pain



d.



Acute – chronic pain



e.



Subchronic pain



2.



What couses tingling in the hands 146



a.



Nerve clamp



b.



Sprain



c.



Pain



d.



Drugs



e.



Depression



3.



what causes tingling in one part of the body



a.



sprain



b.



neurological disorders



c.



pain



d.



depression



e.



drugs



4.



pain that lasts for more than six months, chronic pain lasts beyond the estimated



healing time, so this pain can be associated with tissue damage. a.



Pain



b.



Chronic pain



c.



Acute pain



d.



Acute chronic nveri



e.



Sub chronic pain



5.



Below which is not a mechanism for nociceftive pain is



a.



Stimulation



b.



Transmission



c.



Pain modulation



d.



Pain perception



e.



Chronic acute pain



6.



The process by which the interaction between the endogenous analgesic system



produced by our body and the incoming pain is involved. a.



Stimulation



b.



Transmission



c.



Pain modulation 147



d.



Pain perception



e.



Chronic acutepain



7.



Pain in stroke patients, DM, irritable bowel syndrome, with symptoms



experienced by burning, tingling sensation, namely a.



Neuropathic pain



b.



Nociceptive pain



c.



Pain



d.



Acute pain



e.



Chronic pain



8.



Causes hypertension, tachycardia, my driasis, but is not always present is



a.



Pain neuropathy



b.



Nociceptive pain



c.



Pain



d.



Acute pain



e.



Chronic pain



9.



The cause of tingling for a moment is?



a.



Blood flow disorders



b.



Fatigue



c.



Cold



d.



Anemia



e.



Pain



10.



What is the cause of half-body tingling



a.



Fever



b.



Spinal cord injury



c.



Depression



d.



Drugs



e.



Smoke



11.



What the name of the person tingling can be come paralyzed?



a.



Down syndrome 148



b.



Guillan-barre



c.



Jacab syndrome



d.



Patau syndrome



e.



Turner syndrome



12.



How to treat tingling



a.



Diet



b.



Therapy



c.



Taking medication



d.



Exercise routine



e.



Quit smoking



13.



What diseases can be caused if it is often tingling



a.



Neart disease



b.



Encephalitis



c.



Insomnia



d.



Kidney failure



e.



Anemia



14.



Why when holding things to long can tingling



a.



Narrowing in the carpal tunnel



b.



Smoke



c.



Brain injury



d.



Depression



e.



Fiver



15.



Why tingling can last long



a.



Nerve clamp



b.



Cramps



c.



Fatigue



d.



Cold



e.



anemia



149



BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Grice Tony. 2007. Oxford English for Careers Nursing. United Kingdom: Oxford press. 2. Grice, Tony. 2000. Oxford English for Careers Nursing. United Kingdom: Oxford press. 3. Glendining, Eric. H. 2010. English in Medicine. USA: Cambridge press. 4. Carver, George. Washington. 2013. American Red Cross – Nurse Assistant Training. USA: American National Red Cross. 5. Virginia, Allum. Cambridge English for Nursing. USA: Cambridge press 6. Samuel, David, J.Emergency Medical Technician – National Standard Curriculum. USA. 7. Richards, C Jack. 2006. Communicative Language Teaching Today. New York: Cambridge university press. 8. Hainasmaki, Terhi. 2001. Infection and Infectious Diseases. World Health Organization 9. Abott, Tony. 2007. Emergency Triage Education Kit. Canberra: Canberra city ACT. 10. Noholita. 2013. Bikini Body Guide. Australia: Australian Institute of Fitness. Mini Pharmacy Book The Nurse Communicates, Philadelpia : WB Saunders (Sieh, A and Brentin, L) 11. Understanding Speaking Nursing (Prawira, I.S) 12. Nursing theorist and their work, Sixth edition. Philadelphia : Mosby Company (Tommey, A.m & Alligood,M.R). 13. Iyan Darmawan, (2013). English for Special Purpose Nurses. Jakarta: Kesaint Blanc 14. Lilis S.D. (2015). How to Write a Short Essay in English Academic Writing. Bandung: Alfabeta. 15. N.S. Bramadi,( 2013 ) Kursus Singkat Bahasa Inggris, Jakarta : PT BhuanaIlmu Populer.



16. Tony Grice, ( 2009 ) Everyday English for Nursing, Jakarta : EGC



150



17. Estiwi Retno Purmaning (2012) Tip dan Trik Melejitkan Skor Toefl, Jakarta: Gramedia 18. Juliarti Dewi Kusumohartono (2011) Hospital Conversation , Jakarta : Buku Kedokteran EGC 19. Hasbullah (2010) English In Health For Nurses And Midwaves , Jakarta : CV. Trans Info Media



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