Environmental Science: Quarter 3 - Module: 1 Pollutants in The Environment (Air, Water, and Land Pollution) [PDF]

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7 Environmental Science



Quarter 3 – Module: 1 Pollutants in the Environment (Air, Water, and Land Pollution)



DIVISION OF ANGELES CITY



Science – Grade 7 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 3 – Module 1: Pollutants in the Environment (Air, Water and Land Pollution) First Edition, 2021 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for a profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Regional Director : May B. Eclar PhD, CESO V OIC Asst. Regional Director : Rhoda T. Razon EdD, CESO V Development Team of the Module Writer: Angelica M. Tayag Editors: Lorie l. Macatula, Analiza P. Coricor, Suzzette M. Ramirez Reviewers: Gemima A. Estrabillo, Hermes Vargas, Adrian Tamayo, Emily F. Sarmiento, Noel S. Reganit, Krislene Ida N. Mercado, Ryan Sapao, Billy Ray B. Manuel, Marvin R. Leano, Gemmarie G. Rivas Illustrator: Angelica M. Tayag Layout Artists: Ray Jason Sanguyu and Anthony D. Taruc Management Team: May B. Eclar PhD, CESO V Rhoda T. Razon EdD, CESO V Ma. Irelyn P. Tamayo PhD, CESE Fernandina P. Otchengco PhD, CESE Librada M. Rubio PhD Ma. Editha R. Caparas EdD Emily F. Sarmiento PhD Gemima A. Estrabillo PhD Rochella C. David Printed in the Philippines by ________________________ Department of Education – Region III – Schools Division of Angeles City Office Address:



Jesus St., Pulungbulu, Angeles City



Telephone:



(045) 322-5722; 322-4702 888-0582; 887-6099



E-mail Address:



[email protected]



7 Environmental Science



Quarter 3 – Module: 1 Pollutants in the Environment (Air, Water, and Land Pollution)



Introductory Message This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson. Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-bystep as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you. Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge of lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed with completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for a better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to selfcheck your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these. In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based learning. Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task. If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Thank you.



What I Need to Know Hello there! How are you doing? Today, we are going to learn another exciting lesson! What comes to your mind when you hear the word ‘Pollution’? Some of you may instantly think about factories producing smoke mixing into the air that can make it hard to breathe. Others may think of oil spilling into bodies of water that can contaminate drinking water. As society advances, the environment is continuously degrading because of pollution. Pollution is anything that makes the earth dirty and unsuitable to use. Pollutions occur when we place harmful materials in the environment. These harmful materials are called pollutants. In this module, you will learn about the different pollutants found in our environment. This knowledge will help you value our environment and protect it from getting destroyed. After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. describe the pollutants in the environment; - air - water - land pollution.



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What I Know Warrior of Environment! Direction: Identify the type of pollution shown in the images below and its main causes.



1.



Pollution: __________________________________________________ Main Causes: __________________________________________



2.



Pollution: __________________________________________________ Main Causes: __________________________________________



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3.



Pollution: ________________________________________________________ Main Causes: ___________________________________________________



4.



Pollution: ________________________________________________________ Main Causes: ___________________________________________________



5.



Pollution: ________________________________________________________ Main Causes: ___________________________________________________



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Lesson



1



Pollutants in the Environment



What’s In Hello students! In our previous module, we have learned how to protect and preserve our environment. Biodiversity is a vast array of plants, animals, insects, and microorganisms inhabiting the earth, either aquatic or terrestrial habitats. Conserving biodiversity means ensuring that natural landscapes, with their array of ecosystems, are maintained and that species, populations, genes, and the complex interactions between them thrive into the future. We should preserve the environment for the continuity of life on earth and the maintenance of its integrity. It is our responsibility to take care of our environment. Protecting our Mother Nature provides us many benefits and will make the Earth a beautiful and interesting place to live! How about you? How do you conserve and preserve our environment? Give (4) ways to conserve and preserve the environment. Share your idea by answering the following question.



1. How can I keep the environment around my home clean?



2. What are the things that threaten the conservation and preservation of the environment?



3. How can businesses keep the environment clean?



4. How does taking care poorly of our environment affect the plants and animals on earth?



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What’s New Observe the environment around you. You may see any ecosystem with multiple forms of contamination—streams full of toxic chemicals from industrial processes, rivers filled with pesticides from farms, trashes blowing away from landfills, city skies covered in smog. Even landscapes that appear pure can show the effects of pollution. Pollution dilute landscapes, poison soils, and waterways, or kill plants and animals. Humans are also regularly harmed by pollution. Being exposed to polluted air can cause chronic respiratory problems, lung cancer, and other diseases. Animals consumed by humans are exposed to toxic chemicals, making them unsafe to eat. Additionally, more than one billion people lack access to clean water, and 2.4 billion do not have adequate sanitation, putting them at risk of contracting deadly diseases. ACTIVITY 1: Pollutant Buster! Direction: Use the illustrations below to fill in the crossword puzzle with the correct answer.



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What Is It Pollution is defined as an undesirable change in the physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of air, water, and land that may be harmful to human life and other animals, living conditions, industrial processes, and cultural assets. Pollution can be natural or manmade. The agents that pollute are called pollutants. Pollutants are by-products of man’s action. These are chemicals that have ended up in the environment because of human activities and are hazardous to health. The important pollutants are summarized below: • • • • • • •



Deposited matter - Soot, smoke, tar or dust and domestic wastes. Gases – Carbon monoxide, Carbon dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, Sulphur oxides, halogens (chlorine, bromine, and iodine). Metals - Lead, zinc, iron, and chromium. Industrial pollutants - Benzene, ether, acetic acid etc., and cyanide compounds. Agriculture pollutants - Pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, and fertilizers. Photochemical pollutants - Ozone, oxides of nitrogen, aldehydes, ethylene, photochemical smog, and peroxyacetyl nitrate. Radiation pollutants - Radioactive substances and radioactive fallouts of the nuclear test.



Classification of Pollutants A. Pollutants can be classified based on their natural disposal: 1. Non-degradable Pollutants These are the pollutants which are degraded at a plodding pace by the natural biological processes. These are inorganic compounds such as salts (chlorides), metallic oxides, waste-producing materials, and materials like aluminum cans, mercuric salts, and even DDT (Dichloro-diphenyltrichloroethane). These may continue to accumulate in the environment. 2. Biodegradable Pollutants These include domestic sewage that quickly decomposes under natural processes and can be rapidly decomposed by natural/ artificial methods. These cause serious problems when accumulated in large amounts as the pace of deposition exceeds the decomposition of disposal.



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B. Pollutants can also be classified based on the form in which they persist after their release into the environment: 1. Primary Pollutants - these include those substances which are emitted directly from some identifiable sources. These include: a. Sulfur compounds: SO2, SO3, H2S produced by the oxidation of fuel. b. Carbon compounds: Oxides of carbon (CO+CO2) and hydrocarbons. c. Nitrogen compounds: NO2 and NH3. d. Halogen compounds: Hydrogen fluoride (HF) and hydrochloric acid (HCl). e. Particles of different sizes and substances: These are found suspended in the air. The fine particles below the diameter of 100u are more abundant and include particles of metals, carbon, tar, pollen, fungi, bacteria, silicates, and others. 2. Secondary Pollutants – are produced by a combination of primary emitted pollutants in the atmosphere. In bright sunlight, a photochemical reaction occurs between nitrogen oxides, oxygen, and waste hydrocarbons from the gasoline that form peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) and ozone (O3). Both peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) and ozone (O3) are toxic components of smog and cause smarting eyes and lung damage. 3. Smog - The fog deposited with smoke and chemical fumes forms a dark and thick covering, the smog. Smog is widespread in almost all the industrial areas as the smog is trapped for many days by the stagnant air. The smog is harmful both for animals and plants. Types of Pollution A. Air pollution is the presence of materials in the air in such concentrated concentrations to man and his environment. Several ingredients find their way in the air, and these are mostly gases, which rapidly spread over vast areas. Various air pollution sources are fossil fuels, industries, agricultural activities, wars, and natural causes arid emissions from vehicles. Common Air Pollutants ● Carbon dioxide (CO2) ● Carbon monoxide (CO) ● Oxides of Nitrogen ● Hydrocarbon ● Aerosols ● Radioactive substances B. Water pollution happens when undesirable substances are added to water sources that alter the basic chemistry of water. Sources of water pollution come from household waste like food waste, synthetic detergents, and waterbased paints. It may also come from industrial wastes, fertilizers, pesticides, or mineral oils. Common Water Pollutants ● Mercury, lead, or arsenic ● Cadmium & Chlorine ● Inorganic nitrates, or phosphates ● Soaps and detergents 7



C. Soil pollution is an occurrence in which soil is undergoing degradation because of contamination. Any substance that reduces soil productivity is called a soil pollutant. Several materials adversely affect the soil’s physical, chemical, and biological properties and thus reduce its productivity. These include the following: ● Chemicals present in industrial waste. ● Pesticides and insecticides that are sprayed on crops. ● Fertilizers and manures that are added to the soil to increase the crop yield. D. Noise can be defined as an unwanted/unpleasant sound. So, noise pollution is unwanted sound dumped into the atmosphere without care for its unfavorable effects. All the boons of industrialization and civilization such as motors, horns, heavy and light machinery, work and movement, blaring radios, supersonic airplanes have become disturbing and irritating. E. Radiation Pollution – or Radioactive Pollution is the accumulation of natural radiation levels caused by human activities. The radiations contain high energy levels which cause electrons from atoms to be removed. Radioactive pollution is caused by mining, handling and storing radioactive waste materials, and the use of radioactive reactions to produce energy, such as nuclear power plants.



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1.



What’s More ACTIVITY 1: Pollutant Finder Directions: Observe the picture below. Identify all the types of pollution that you see.



Guide Questions: 1. What are the types of pollution seen in the picture above? Identify all of them. 2. Name the pollutants found in the illustration. 3. What do you think are the effects of these pollutants in the environment? Cite your answer.



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ACTIVITY 2: Say it Louder! Direction: Match the pollutants with the appropriate type of pollution by completing the sentence. 1. The smoke from planes, cars, and factories



soil pollution.



2. Detergent thrown in the streams



radiation pollution. cause/ causes



1. Remaining pesticides



noise pollution.



2. The sound created by airplanes



air pollution.



3. Biochemical



water pollution.



Guide Questions: 1. Pollutants are harmful to humans. What health issues can they cause? 2. Describe some of the pollutants found in air, water, and land. ACTIVITY 3: Sorting Out Direction: Write the correct pollutant inside the appropriate classification.



1. PET bottles vegetable. dog manure thumbtacks 2. glass objects Styrofoam paper metal nail



leaves



Non-degradable Pollutant



Biodegradable Pollutant



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chains



Guide Questions: 1. How can pollutants causing air, water, and land pollution be reduced? 2. Explain the differences between primary and secondary pollutants. ACTIVITY 4: Pollution Problems Directions: The charts show the amount in the percentages of different pollutants in 1997 and 2007. Use these pie graph to answer the questions below.



1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.



Which pollutant is produced the most in 1997? In 2007? Which pollutant has the least amount in 1997? In 2007? According to the graph, which pollutant decreased drastically in 2007? How many percentages of marine waste was lessened in 2007? How many percentages of domestic sewage was added in 2007? What do you think is the reason for litter to be reduced to 0% in 2007? Give a reasonable answer.



Guide Questions: 1. How has the atmosphere changed from that of the early Earth? 2. Explain how water pollutants affect the water cycle. 3. Cite (3) pollutants of air, water, and land. Explain where these pollutants come from and what are the effects it has on humans and the environment.



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What I Have Learned Directions: Fill in the blanks with the most suitable words given to complete the composition below using the ‘word bank’ terms.



pollutants



modernization



problems



air



water



households



impures



soil land



non-degradable urbanization



smog



noise



fertilizers



natural disposal



fossil fuels



Pollution is one of the most worrying (1) __________ of our time. Our earth has been exposed to many kinds of pollution due to human’s high level of (2) __________. Pollution (3) __________ the environment, kill plants and animals, and impose danger to human health. Materials that pollute the earth are called (4) __________. It can be classified based on their (5) __________ or based on their persistence after being released to the environment. One of the common examples is (6) __________, which is a combination of fog, smoke, and chemical fumes. The (7) __________, (8) __________, and (9) __________ pollution are the most common types of pollution. Different sources of air pollution come from (10) __________, agricultural activities, wars, and industries. While water pollution comes from (11) __________ such as food wastes, detergents, and paints. Another type of pollution is (12) __________ pollution which is an event where soil undergoes degradation because of contamination. (13) _______ and manure are pollutants added to soil to increase the crop yield. There is also (14) _________ pollution which can be defined as unwanted or unpleasant sound. In conclusion, pollution arises from (15) _____________, development and urbanization and if humans do not take prompt action, then pollution in the environment will become a serious problem.



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What I Can Do



SOLUTION



Directions: Talk with any of your family members, talk about pollutants that cause pollution. List three (3) pollutants and propose ways to reduce these pollutants’ production to save the environment.



_______________________________ Pollutant



SOLUTION



_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________



_______________________________ Pollutant



SOLUTION



_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________



_______________________________ Pollutant



_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________



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Grading Rubric Pointing system: 1 – not present, 2 – minimal, 3 – Evident, 4 – Evident with additional information Category 1 2 3 4 The presence of ideas is developed through facts, examples, details, opinions, statistical reasons, and or explanation. The organization of thoughts is sustained across the paragraphs. The choice, use, and arrangement of words and sentence structures are precise. Rules in grammar, spelling, usage, and sentence formation are properly adhered to.



Assessment Multiple Choice Directions: Read each question carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer. 1. It is a material produced naturally or artificially that harms the environment. a. agent c. trash b. pollutant d. toxic chemical 2. This happens when there is a sudden unfavorable change in the characteristics of air, water, and land. a. contamination c. impurity b. ecological imbalance d. pollution 3. Carbon dioxide is a pollutant found in ____. a. air c. soil b. radiation d. water 4. Which of the following best describes biodegradable pollutants? a. An example of this material is domestic sewage. b. A massive quantity of these materials causes harm to the environment. c. These are materials that decompose slowly through natural or artificial methods. d. A material that quickly decays and piles up and may result in damaging the ecosystem.



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5. The following are example of non-degradable pollutant except: a. DDT c. paper b. Metallic oxides d. salt 6. It is a fog combined with smoke and other chemical fumes. a. dirty smoke c. smog b. exhaust gas d. vapor 7. They are a combination of substances emitted directly from various sources. a. biodegradable pollutants c. secondary pollutants b. non-degradable pollutants d. tertiary pollutants 8. The following describes water pollution except: a. A degradation caused by aerosols. b. An occurrence that contaminates bodies of water. c. Primary source of this pollution comes from food wastes, mineral oils, and detergents. d. It is a condition where materials are found in water which harms the environment. 9. It is an example of a common air pollutant. a. chlorine b. fertilizer



c. hydrocarbon d. supersonic airplane



10. It has high energy and removes electrons, and it is highly dangerous to protoplasm. a. atom c. radiation b. chemical d. hazardous material



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Additional Activities Be an Advocate Directions: Design your own tote bag which advocates the prevention of pollution in the environment.



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Rubrics for Tote bag Design Making Category



4



3



2



1



Required Elements



It includes all required elements as well as additional information.



All required elements are included on the poster.



All but 1 of the required elements are included on the poster.



Several required elements were missing.



Graphic Relevance



All graphics are related to the topic and make it easier to understand. All borrowed graphics have a source citation.



All graphics are related to the topic and most make it easier to understand. Some borrowed graphics have a source citation.



All graphics related to the topic. One or two borrowed graphics have a source citation.



Graphics are not related to the topic OR several borrowed graphics do not have a source citation.



Attractiveness



The bag is exceptionally attractive in terms of design, layout, and neatness.



The bag is attractive in terms of design, layout, and neatness.



The bag is acceptably attractive though it may be a bit messy.



The bag is distractingly messy. It is not attractive.



Effort



The effort was far beyond that required.



The effort was completely satisfactory.



The work could have been improved with more effort.



The work was completed with minimum effort.



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18 What’s In



What's More



1. Be responsible in using the natural resources through conservation and try to maintain the present state or conditions of areas through preservation.



Act ivity 1 1-3. Answers may vary



2. The things that threaten the conservation and preservation of environment are hunting, logging, or mining. 3. Businesses should practice reducing paper waste and recycle garbage. They should also improve the air quality by providing indoor plants. 4. Natural habitat of plants and animals will be disturbed thus will lead to stressing factors and poor welfare. Poorly taking care of the environment may lead to production of unsafe food.



Activity 2 1. The smoke from planes, cars, and factories cause air pollution. 2. Detergent thrown in the streams causes water pollution. 3. Remaining pesticides cause soil pollution. 4. The sound created by airplanes causes noise pollution. 5. Biochemical causes radiation pollution.



What’s New Activity 1 1. radioactive substances 6. iodine 2. carbon dioxide 7. ozone 3. fertilizers 8. smoke 4. pesticides 9. iron 5. wastes 10. zinc



Activity 4 1. 1997 - Pollutants from air; 2007 Domestic sewage and Pollutants from air 2. 1997 - Litter and farm waste; 2007 litter 3. Industrial waste 4. 5% 5. 11% 6. Answer may vary.



Act ivity 3 Biodegradable Pollutant 1. Vegetable 2. dog manure 3. paper 4. leaves Non-degradable Pollutant



What I Can Do Answers may vary.



5. pep bottles 6. thumbtacks 7. glass objects 8. Styrofoam 9. metal nail 10. chains



Assessment 1. b 2. d 3. a 4. d 5. c 6. c 7. c 8. a 9. c 10. c



What I have Learned 1. problem 11. households 2. urbanization 12. soil 3. impures 13. Fertilizers 4. pollutants 14. noise 5. natural disposal 15. modernization 6. smog 7. air/water/land 8. air/water/land 9. air/water/land 10 fossil fuels



Answer Key



References Environmental Pollution Center. 2020. What is Radioactive Pollution? Retrieved from: https://www.environmentalpollutioncenters.org/radiation/ King Island Natural Resources. 2021. Biodiversity-Definition and Benefits. Retrieved from: https://bit.ly/38xDNnn National Geographic. 2021. Smog. Retrieved from: https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/smog/ National Ocean Service. 2021. Contaminants in the Environment. Retrieved from: https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/observations/contam/ Pinclipart.com 2021. Pollution Clipart. Retrieved from: http://bit.ly/3brVRkX Singh, Y.K. 2006 Environmental Science, New Delhi. P. 61-81. Retrieved from: http://rvskvv.net/images/Environmental-Science_23.04.2020.pdf World Health Organization. 2021. Types of Pollutants. Retrieved from: http://bit.ly/39heQMo World Wildlife (2021). Pollution. Retrieved from: http://wwf.to/3bpLMon



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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call: Department of Education – Region III Schools Division of Angeles City Office Address:



Jesus St., Pulungbulu, Angeles City



Telephone: (045) 322-5722; 322-4702 888-0582; 887-6099 E-mail Address:



[email protected]