Exercise On Ch5 Syntax Q2-6 PDF [PDF]

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2. Indicate the category of each word in the following sentences. (It may help to refer back to section 5.1.1.) DET



N



V



a) That glass broke. DET N



V



P



DET



N



P DET N



b) A jogger ran toward the end of the lane. DET



ADJ N



AUX



V



DET N



c) These tall trees are blocking the road. DET



N



V



P



DET



N



d) The detective looked through the records. DET



N



ADV



V



DEG



ADJ



e) The peaches never appear quite ripe. N



T



V DET



N



CONJ DET



f) Jeremy will play the trumpet and



N



P DET



N



the drums in the orchestra.



3. Each of the following phrases consists of a specifier and a head. For each example, build a tree structure that complies with the X' Schema. a) The zoo NP



N’



DET The



N zoo b) Always try VP



ADV



V’



Always V try c) So witty AP



DEG So



A’ A witty



d) Perhaps pass VP ADV Perhaps



V’



V pass



e) Less bleak AP DEG less



A’



A bleak f) this house



NP DET This



N’ N house



g) Very competent AP DEG Very



A’



A competent h) Quite cheap AP DEG



A’



quite A cheap i) Never surrender VP ADV never



V’



V surrender



j) Those books



NP DET those



N’ N books



4. The following phrases include a head, a complement, and (in some cases) a specifier. For each example, build a tree structure that complies with the X' schema, following the same abbreviator conventions adopted in the chapter. a) Into the house PP



P’ P into



NP



the



house



b) Fixed the telephone VP



V’ V fixed



NP



the



telephone



C) full of mistakes AP



A’ A into



PP



of



mistakes



d) More towards the window PP



DEG more



P’



P toward



NP



the



window



e) A film about pollution NP



DET a



P’ N film



PP



about



pullution



f) Always study this material VP



ADV always



V’ V film



NP



this



material



g) Perhaps earn the money VP



ADV perhaps



V’ V film



NP



the



money



h) That argument with Owen NP



DET that



N’



N argument



PP



about



pullution



i) The success of the program NP



DET the



N’ N success



PP



P of



NP



the



program



5. Drawing on the X' Schema, create trees for each of the following sentences. a) Those guests should leave. TP



NP DET those



T should



VP



NP leave N guests



b) Maria never ate a brownie. TP NP



VP ADVP



N maria ADV never



NP V ate



D a



NP



N brownie



c) That shelf will fall. TP NP DET that



T will



VP



NP V



fall N shelf d) The glass broke. TP NP D the



VP NP V broke N glass



e) The student lost the debate. TP



NP



DET The



VP



NP



V lost



NP



DET the



N Student



NP N debate



f) The manager may offer a raise. TP NP NP



DET



T may



VP DET a



NP



NP



the



V offer



N manager



N raise



g) The judge never jails shoplifters. TP



NP



VP NP ADVP



DET



the



NP V jails



N shoplifters



N ADV



Judge never h) The teacher often organized a discussion. TP



NP



DET the



VP



NP



N teacher



ADVP



NP



V organized



DET a



NP



N discussion



ADV often



i) A psychic will speak to this group. TP PP NP



T



VP



will



P



NP



to DET a



NP



V speak



DET this



NP



N psychic



N group



j) Marianne could become quite fond of Larry.



TP



NP



N Marianne



T could



VP



V become



NP



ADJP ADJ quite



PP



N fond



P of



NP



N Larry



6. Apply the substitution test to determine which of the bracketed sequences in the following sentences form constituents. a) [The news] upset the entire family. b) They hid [in the cave]. c) The [computer was very] expensive. d) [The houses] will be rebuilt. e) Jane will [leave town]. f) The goslings [swam across] the lake.