Grammar English Bahasa Inggris [PDF]

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1. Do you need a pen?” Ani asked. = Ani asked me if I was need a pen. 2. John asked, “What do you want?” = John asked me what I wanted. 3. Sue asked, “Are you hungry?” = Sue wanted to know if I was hungry. 4. “I’m going to move to Ohio,” said Bruce. = Bruce informed me (that) he went to move to Ohio. 5. “I may be late,” said Mike. = Mike told me (that) he was late. 1. “Do you need a pen?” Ani asked. = Ani asked me if I needed a pen. 2. Correct 3. Correct 4. “I’m going to move to Ohio,” said Bruce. = Bruce informed me (that) he was going to move to Ohio. 5. “I may be late,” said Mike. = Mike told me (that) he might be late.



Nila: Yes, I … her better than before A. am liking B. liked C. like D. have liked 4. Nila: How are you feeling? Maria: I’ve been feeling better since … A. the doctor has come B. the doctor will come C. the doctor had come



1. Fajar: Are Fitri and Ical still living in New York?



D. the doctor came



Riski: No. They …. to Dallas



5. Bayu: Isn’t it hard to drive downtown to work?



A. are just moved



Robby: Yes, that’s why I … to work by train.



B. had just moved



A. have been going



C. have just moved



B. am going



D. will just moved



C. went



2. Mrs Nila : Where is the new stove that you bought yesterday?



D. go



Mrs Bella : The color didn’t match, so I … it to the store. A. return B. had return C. returned D. have returned 3. Voyla: You and Joure seem to be getting along well.



6. Fina: How long have you worked for this company? Ella: I … there for two years by next month A. had worked B. have been working C. was working D. will have worked 7. Mr. Rahman: When are you planning to send the memo to the staff?



Mr. Indra: Luckliy , I … it already A. send



11.Asep: Did you meet Dito here at the university ? Jose: No, he … when I came.



B. had sent A. had already gone C. have sent



B. has been going



D. was sent C. will go 8. Milda: Nabila told me that you father have a cottage on Lake Toba.



D. is going



Nila: Yes, we … there since we first moved to Meda.



12. David: I took TOEFL test and it was really hard.



A. had gone



Dimas: … a lot before you took it ?



B. have gone



A. have you studied



C. are going



B. Did you study



D. had been going



C. Had you studied



9. Dhinnar: Can I came by for my check tomorrow?



D. are you studying



Nefri: Yes, I … meeting my client at the bank by then



13.Ericko: Would you like to go to the band concert? Wahyu: Thanks, but I … it already.



A. will have finished B. have finished



A. had ever seen B. have seen



C. will finish D. would have finished



C.ever saw D. will see



10. Taufik: Where are Ken dan Mathew? Atok: They were hungry, so they … to the canteen A. were going



14. Nila: What did you see last night? Bella: I watched TV, practiced the violin, and … my homework. A. am doing



B. went C. have gone



B. did C. was doing



D. will go



D. had done



Jerry: Tom ……………..



15. Mermaid: why is teddy so sad?



A. does



Aldy: because his parrot … away.



B. was



A. has flown



C. had



B. flew



D. did



C. is flying



20. Hudson : Where was fay bom?



D. had flown



Brondon: In Surabaya, but today she … in Jakarta



16. Nila: did you go to Hawaii for vacation?



A. has lived



Bintang: I … to go, but i got sick at the last minute. Then, I cancelled it.



B. is living



A. was planning



C. lives



B. had planned



D. lived



C.have been planning



C 2.C 3.C 4.D 5.D 6.D 7.C 8.B 9.A 10.B 11.A 12.C 13.B 14.B 15.B 16.B 17.B 18.A 19.D 20. C



D. Have planned 17. When Fajar wants to cut his hair, he … to the same barber since 2000. A. is going B. has been going C. always goes D. had gone 18. Did you say that you ……………. here three days ago ? A. came B. have come C. come D. had come 19. Bernard: Who ate all the cookies?



Using USED TO AND BE USED TO USED TO atau BE USED TO sama maknanya dengan BE ACCUSTOMED TO, yaitu: “terbiasa/biasa“, sedangkan GET USED TO =



1. 2. 3. 4. 5.



BECOME ACCUSTOMED TO, yaitu: “menjadi terbiasa“. Perbedaannya terletak pada pola penggunaannya (grammar). S + USED TO + VERB1… S + BE USED TO + GERUND/NOUN… S + BE ACCUSTOMED TO + GERUND/NOUN … S + GET USED TO + GERUND/NOUN… S + BECOME ACCUSTOMED TO + GERUND/ NOUN… NOTE: Hanya pola 1 (i.e. USED TO tanpa diawali oleh be atau get) yang menggunakan simple form verb (verb1). Pola lainnya selalu diikuti oleh gerund atau noun. Contoh: 1. We are used to living in poverty. 2. We are accustomed to living in poverty. Kalimat 1&2 ini bermakna sama, yaitu: “Kami (sekarang ini) terbiasa hidup dalam kemiskinan”. 3. I used to swim on the river when I was young. 4. I was used to swimming on the river when I was young. 5. I was accustomed to swimming on the river when I was young. Kalimat 3,4, dan 5 bermakna sama, yaitu : Aku terbiasa/biasa berenang di sungai ketika aku kecil. 6. He has to get used to living in poverty. 7. He has to become accustomed to living in poverty. Kalimat 6&7 ini bermakna sama, yaitu: Misalnya, dia dulu kaya dan selalu hidup dalam kemewahan, tapi karena jatuh miskin, “dia harus menjadi terbiasa (membiasakan diri) hidup dalam kemiskinan“. 8. I didn’t like the winter at first, but later on I got used to it. 9. I didn’t like the winter at first, but later on I became accustomed to it. Kalimat 8&9 bermakna sama, yaitu: “Pada awalnya aku tidak suka musim dingin, tapi kemudian aku menjadi terbiasa dengan musim dingin itu” Contoh kalimat lainnya dapat di: PENGGUNAAN GET, GOT/GOTTEN Poin 9.



dibaca GOT,



1. 2.



Yang mungkin membuat Ardi bingung adalah terkadang “be used to” diikuti oleh verb1 dan oleh gerund, seperti pada kalimat berikut: The horse is used to drag a cart. (Kuda itu digunakan untuk menarik dokar). The horse is used to dragging a cart. (Kuda itu terbiasa menarik dokar). Bagaimana cara membedakannya? Kalimat 1 adalah kalimat pasif dengan main verb “use” (menggunakan). Dalam kalimat pasif, “be used to” selalu diikuti oleh verb1. Dan karena kalimat pasif, phrase ini tentu saja dapat disisipi “by + object”, misalnya, menjadi: The horse is used by my father to drag a cart. (Kuda itu digunakan oleh ayahku untuk menarik dokar). Di kalimat 2, “be used to” selalu diikuti oleh gerund, tidak dapat disisipi dengan apapun.



Sorry Pak Bhaskara i found the different meaning of the “USED TO” please see below Take a look at the following two sentences. what’s the difference in meaning? “I used to drink green tea.” “Iam used to drinking tea.” I used to something “I used to drink green tea.” “I used to drink green tea”, means that, in the past I drank green tea, but now I don’t. Used to describes an action that did happen, but doesn’t happen now. Check out these great examples: “When I was young I used to play with dolls, but I don’t anymore.” “Before I passed my driving test, I used to cycle everywhere.” I am used to something “I am used to drinking green tea.” “I am used to drinking green tea”, means that, at first drinking green tea was strange and unusual, but now it has become familiar.



Be used to describes an action that was, perhaps, difficult and is now easy. “I am accustomed to green tea”, has the same meaning. Read on for fantastic examples: “It took me a while, but I’m finally used to using this new software.” “I’m getting used to the strange smell in the factory.”



Saya rasa penjelasan yang bapak posting cukup jelas, I used to drink green tea = Dulu, aku biasa minum teh hijau, tapi sekarang aku sudah tidak minum teh hijau lagi. I am used to drinking green tea = ((Misalnya, dulu aku biasa minum kopi. Dulu aku tidak suka minum teh hijau karena rasany pahit. Tapi karena aku sering mencoba meminumnya, maka) Sekarang saya sudah terbiasa minum teh hijau. Perhatikan, tobe di kalimat ini adalah dalam bentuk present (am, is atau are. Kalau to be-nya dalam bentuk past (was atau were) maka makna kalimatnya (i.e. menjadi terbiasa) tersebut terjadi di masa lampau. I didn’t like drinking green tea at first, but maybe becuase I kept trying to drink it, I was used to drinking green tea. Well, that happened when I was in China. Now I am in Indonesia and I don’t drink green tea anymore.



Active and passive voice Kalimat aktif (active voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya melakukan pekerjaan, sebaliknya, kalimat pasif (passive voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya dikenai pekerjaan oleh object kalimat. Active voice lebih sering digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dibandingkan dengan passive voice. Namun demikian, sering kita temukan passive voice di surat-surat kabar, artikel-artikel di majalah-majalah dan tulisan-tulisan ilmiah. Passive voice digunakan karena object dari active voice merupakan informasi yang lebih



penting dibandingkan dengan subject-nya. Contoh :



• Active : We fertilize the soil every 6 months • Passive: The soil is fertilized by us every 6 months



Dari contoh ini dapat kita lihat bahwa: 1. Object dari active voice (the soil) menjadi subject dari passive voice 2. Subject dari active voice (we) menjadi object dari passive voice. Perhatikan pula bahwa terjadi perubahan dari subject pronoun ‘we’ menjadi object pronoun ‘us’. 3. Verb1 (fertilize) pada active voice verb3 (fertilized) pada passive voice.



menjadi



4. Ditambahkannya be ‘is’ di depan verb3. Be yang digunakan adalah tergantung pada subject passive voice dan tenses yang digunakan. (Perhatikan pola-pola passive voice di bawah). 5. Ditambahkannya kata ‘by’ di belakang verb3. Namun, jika object dari passive voice dianggap tidak penting atau tidak diketahui, maka object biasanya tidak dikemukakan dan begitu pula kata ‘by’.



6. Khusus



untuk kalimat-kalimat progressive (present, past, past perfect, future, past future, dan past future perfect continuous, perlu menambahkan ‘being’ di depan verb3). Kalau tidak ditambahkan “being”, tensisnya akan berubah, bukan progressive/continuous lagi. Perhatikan contoh-contoh pada poin h – o di bawah. Berdasarkan keenam poin di atas maka passive voice mengikuti pola sebagai berikut: Subject + be + Verb3 + by + Object + modifier Pola active dan passive voice pada tiap tensis a. Jika active voice dalam simple present tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah is, am atau are. Contoh:



• Active



: He meets them everyday.



• Passive : They are met by him everyday. • Active



: She waters this plant every two days.



• Passive : This plant is watered by her every two days.



b. Jika active voice dalam simple past tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah was atau were Contoh: • Active



: He met them yesterday



• Passive : They were met by him yesterday • Active



: She watered this plant this morning



• Passive : The crops are going to be harvested



by the farmers next week. f. Jika active voice dalam future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary will have, sehingga menjadi ‘will have been’ Contoh:



• Passive : This plant was watered by her this morning



• Active : He will have met them before I get there tomorrow.



c. Jika active voice dalam present perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary has atau have, sehingga menjadi ‘has been’ atau ‘have been’ Contoh:



• Passive : They will have been met by him before



• Active



: He has met them



• Passive : They have been met by him • Active : She has watered this plant for 5 minutes. • Passive : This plant has been watered by her for 5 minutes.



I get there tomorrow.



• Active : She will have watered this plant before I get here this afternoon.



• Passive : This plant will have been watered by her before I get here this afternoon. g. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary would have, sehingga menjadi ‘would have been’. Contoh:



• Active



: He would have met them.



• Passive : They would have been met by him. d. Jika active voice dalam past perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary had, sehingga menjadi had been Contoh: • Active



: He had met them before I came.



• Passive : They had been met by him before I came.



• Active



: She would have watered this plant.



• Passive : This plant would have been watered by



her. h. Jika active voice dalam present continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (is, am atauare) + being. Contoh:



• Active



: He is meeting them now.



• Active : She had watered this plant for 5 minutes when I got here



• Passive : They are being met by him now.



• Passive : This plant had been watered by her



• Passive : This plant is being watered by her now.



for 5 minutes when I got here e. Jika active voice dalam simple future tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah be Contoh:



• Active



: He will meet them tomorrow.



• Passive : They will be met by him tomorrow.



• Active



i. Jika active voice dalam past continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (was atau were) + being. Contoh:



• Active : She will water this plant this afternoon.



• Active



• Passive : This plant will be watered by her this



• Active



afternoon.



• Active : The farmers are going to harvest the crops next week



: She is watering this plant now.



: He was meeting them.



• Passive : They were being met by him. : She was watering this plant.



• Passive : This plant was being watered by her.



j. Jika active voice dalam perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (has/have) been + being.



Contoh: • Active



• Passive : They would be being met by him. : He has been meeting them.



• Passive : They have been being met by him. • Active



her. k. Jika active voice dalam past perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah had been + being. Contoh:



• Active



her. l. Jika active voice dalam future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah will be + being. Contoh: : He will be meeting them.



• Passive : They will be being met by him. • Active



: She will be watering this plant.



• Passive : This plant will be being watered by



her. m. Jika active voice dalam past future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would be + being. Contoh:



• Active



: He would be meeting them.



• Passive : They would be being met by him. • Active



: She would be watering this plant.



• Passive : This plant would be being watered by



her. n. Jika active voice dalam future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah will have been + being. Contoh:



• Active



: He will have been meeting them.



• Passive : They will have been being met by him. • Active



: She will have been watering this plant.



• Passive



: This plant will have been being watered by her. o. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalahwould have been + being. Contoh:



• Active



2. 3.



: She had been watering this plant.



• Passive : This plant had been being watered by



• Active



1.



: He had been meeting them.



• Passive : They had been being met by him.



: He would be meeting them.



: She would be watering this plant.



• Passive : This plant would be being watered by



: She has been watering this plant.



• Passive : This plant has been being watered by



• Active



• Active



4. 5.



her. Contoh-contoh yang lain: Koko’s nose is bleeding. He was punched by his friend right on his nose. (Hidung Koko sedang berdarah. Dia dipukul oleh temannya tepat di hidungnya). The Indonesian football team was beaten by the Saudi Arabian team. (Team sepakbola Indonesia dikalahkan oleh team arab Saudi). These plants were watered by my sister a few minutes ago. (Tanaman-tanaman ini disirami oleh adikku beberapa menit yang lalu). There is no meal left. All has been devoured by Yeyes. (Tidak ada makan yang tersisa. Semuanya telah dilahap habis oleh Yeyes). English is studied by all high school students. (Bahasa Inggris dipelajari oleh semua murid sekolah menengah lanjutan (SMP dan SMA).



1. The teacher told the students that they needed to revise their essays. The passive of the underlined clause is: a. Their essays were needed to revise. b. their essays were need to be revising. c. Their essays were needed to be revised. d. Their essays needed to be revised. e. Their essays were needed to revising.



2. Tono wasn’t offered the job. We can also say: a. Tono didn’t offer the job. b. They don’t offer the job to Tono. c. Tono was offering the job. d. They were offering Tono the job.



e. The job wasn’t offered to Tono. 6. Find the passive form of “They will look after you well”. 3. “Which tomorrow?”



paintings



will



be



exhibited



a. You will be looked after well. b. They will be looked after you well.



“We don’t know yet. They …………………. by a team.”



c. You will be well looked after.



a. are still being selected



d. You are well will be looked after.



b. are still selecting



e. You will be to be looked after by them well.



c. still be selected d. still selected e. still selecting



7. A well-known architect is designing our new office. The passive form is: a. designs



4. The street ……………………. when we passed yesterday.



b. designed



a. has repaired



c. be designing



b. is being repaired



d. is designing



c. was being repaired



e. is being designed



d. is repaired e. has been repaired



8. What is the active form of “English is spoken in the United States” ? a. People in the US speak English.



5. “When …………………?”



b. In the US speak English.



“Before World War I”



c. Everybody speak English in the US.



a. this hospital to be built



d. Everybody spoke English in the US.



b. was this hospital being built



e. People in US speaks English.



c. this hospital built d. was this hospital built e. this hospital has been built



9. After the house ……………………. white, it looked beautiful.



a. had been painted b. to be painting c. had been painting d. be painted e. had painted



b. The child went to the empty building with his step mother, then she went away. c. The child wanted to leave his step mother in the empty building. d. The child had left his step mother before he went to the empty building. e. The child wanted us to leave him alone with his step mother in the empty building.



10. “What do people need for irrigation?” The passive construction of the sentence is: a. What is needed for irrigation?



13. My motorcycle is not running well now. The tires are flat and the chain ……………



b. What is irrigation needed for?



a. needs to be fixing



c. What people are needed for irrigation?



b. is fixing



d. what is for irrigation needed?



c. needs to be fixed



e. What irrigation is needed?



d. has fixed e. needs to fix



11. Although the stolen car ……………………. the police cannot trace the thieves. a. is being found



14. The teacher would like the exercises …………………….. by everybody before tomorrow.



b. has found



a. finish



c. has been found



b. to be finished



d. having been found



c. finishing



e. had found



d. have finished e. already finished



12. The child told us he had been left alone by his step mother in the empty building. From the sentence above we know that: a. The child had left his step mother alone in the empty building.



15. “The boys news” means:



have



been told



the



good



a. The good news was told to the boys. b. Somebody has told the boys the good news.



c. The good news has been told by the boys. d. The boys have told the good news. e. The good news about the boys has been told.



19. It was reported that medicine and rice ………………………. to the victims of the flood. a. have been distributed b. will be distributed



16. Nobody can do such a thing. The passive construction of the sentence is:



c. are being distributed d. had been distributed



a. Such a thing can done be by anybody. b. A thing can be done by anybody.



e. be distributed



c. A such thing can be done by somebody d. Such a thing can be done by somebody.



20. The picture is not here anymore. It must have …………………….



e. Such a thing can’t be done by anybody.



a. been taken away b. been taking away



17. The students ………………….. before they were allowed to join the class.



c. took away d. taken away



a. punished b. has punished c. had been punished d. were punished e. are punished



18. The hotel ……………………. when I passed. a. was built b. has been built c. had been built d. built e. was building



e. being taken away This is my best shot to this exercise. As usual, please correct me! 1. d. Their essays needed to be revised. The teacher told the students that they needed to revise their essays. 2. e. The job wasn’t offered to Tono. Tono wasn’t offered the job. 3. a. are still being selected “Which paintings will be exhibited tomorrow?” “We don’t know yet. They ARE STILL BEING SELECTED by a team.” 4. c. was being repaired The street WAS BEING REPAIRED when we passed yesterday. 5. d. was this hospital built “When WAS THIS HOSPITAL BUILT?” “World War I” 6. a. You will be looked after well. “They will look after you well”. NOTE: “c. You will be well looked after.” is



also possible but it’s less formal than option a. 7. e. is being designed A well known architect is designing our new office. Our new office IS BEING DESIGNED by a well known architect. 8. a. People in the US speak English. “English is spoken in the United States”. 9. a. had been painted After the house HAD BEEN PAINTED white, it looked beautiful. 10. a. What is needed for irrigation? “What do people need for irrigation?” 11. c. has been found Although the stolen car HAS BEEN FOUND, the police cannot trace the thieves. 12. b. The child went to the empty building with his step mother, then she went away. The child told us he had been left alone by his step mother in the empty building. 13. c. needs to be fixed My motorcycle is not running well now. The tyres are flat and the chain NEEDS TO BE FIXED. 14. b. to be finished The teacher would like the exercises TO BE FINISHED by everybody before tomorrow. 15. b. Somebody has told the boys the good news. “The boys have been told the good news”. 16. e. Such a thing can’t be done by anybody. Nobody can do such a thing. 17. c. had been punished The students HAD BEEN PUNISHED before they were allowed to join the class. 18. c. had been built The hotel HAD BEEN BUILT when I passed. 19. d. had been distributed It was reported that medicine and rice HAD BEEN DISTRIBUTED to the victims of the flood. 20. a. been taken away The picture is not here anymore. It must have BEEN TAKEN AWAY.