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Transmission Network Overview
Foreword ⚫
Transmission networks are basic communication networks that provide
transmission channels and platforms for various services. They play an important role in modern communication networks. In recent years, transmission network technologies are advancing rapidly and applied extensively in the communications field. After learning this course, you will have a basic understanding of transmission networks.
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Objectives ⚫
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On completion of this course, you will be able to:
Describe transmission network concepts.
Understand main transmission network technologies.
Understand Huawei transmission network solutions.
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Contents 1. Basic Concepts of Transmission Networks
2. Transmission Network Technologies 3. Huawei Transmission Network Solutions
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What Is a Transmission Network? Base station
Mobile phone users in New York
Base station
Transmission network
Optical modem Broadband users in Shanghai
Mobile phone users in Beijing
Switch WhatsApp server in the USA
What connects all kinds of communication devices and terminals deployed all over the world, such as base stations and switches? What provides long-distance, large-capacity, and reliable service pipes? 5
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• If information is compared to goods, a transmission network is a logistics network. Logistics networks carry services between enterprises and individuals, while transmission networks carry information between service networks. Transmission networks implement information interaction between NEs for fixed network, mobile network, broadband, data, softswitch, and VIP customers. That is, we make phone calls, send SMS messages, communicate on the Internet, and watch IP TV over a long distance based on large and complex transmission networks. Transmission networks connect service silos around the world to form fixed telephone networks, mobile communications networks, and broadband Internet. • Transmission networks are reliable networks that transmit massive information over long distances. • Optical modem: optical network terminal (ONT) and broadband access network device
Definition of Transmission Network A transmission network is the infrastructure that provides service information
⚫
transmission means for various service networks.
Transmission network Node B
RNC
From the perspective of wireless devices, a transmission network is a service pipe that provides reliable long-haul transmission.
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• A transmission network is the infrastructure that provides service information transmission means for various service networks. If telephone switches, data switches, and various network terminals are called service nodes, a transmission network is responsible for connecting these nodes and transparently transmitting information between any two nodes. In summary, a transmission network is a pipe that connects communication devices and terminals. A transmission network does not produce information. Instead, it just transmits services. A transmission network, as an infrastructure network in the entire communications network, is used to transmit signals of various service networks. • The transmission media of a transmission network are mainly optical fibers. Intuitively, a transmission network consists of transmission devices and optical fibers that connect transmission devices. • A transmission network is often referred to as an optical transmission network or a bearer network. ▫ Early bearer networks mainly refer to IP bearer networks. With the development of IP-based services, transmission networks gradually become IP-based, and transmission networks and bearer networks are deeply integrated. Therefore, transmission networks and IP bearer networks are collectively called "large bearer networks", known as bearer networks.
Main Features of Transmission Networks Large capacity: Transmission networks can provide large-capacity service bandwidth for
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communications between communication devices and terminals. The implementation of bandwidthhungry services such as 5G, 8K, and VR/AR depends on the sustainable evolution of transmission network technologies and the continuous improvement of transmission capacity. Long distance: Transmission networks can connect isolated communication devices and terminals that
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are distributed around the world.
If the communication devices are close to each other, they can be directly connected through optical fibers or network cables. For example, switches within 100 meters can be connected using network cables.
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Multi-service access: Multiple service interfaces are supported.
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High reliability: Transmission networks support multiple protection schemes to ensure reliable connections for services. Compared with the protection of service networks, the protection of transmission networks ensures short switching time and small damage to services. 8
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• Large capacity: The bandwidth of optical fibers is almost infinite compared with that of devices. Therefore, transmission networks using optical fibers feature large capacity and can carry a large number of service signals. Currently, the transmission capacity of a single fiber is 48 Tbit/s. • Long distance: Optical fibers characterized by low signal loss can transmit service signals over long distances in transmission networks. Technologies such as coherent optical communication can be used to achieve signal transmission over thousands of kilometers without electrical regeneration. If the transmission distance is short, you can use media such as optical fibers, network cables, and coaxial cables to connect network nodes, instead of connecting the devices at both ends to any transmission network.
• Multi-service access: Multiple mainstream service interfaces, including PDH, SDH, Ethernet, PCM, and video service interfaces, are provided. • High reliability: Multiple network-level protection schemes and device-level protection schemes are provided. The switching time is short, and the damage to services is small.
Transmission Network in the Telecommunication Network Architecture Applications
Operations support system (OSS)
GSM
MSC
Access network
GPRS
Service network
GMSC
PSTN
Mobile data application
Intelligent network application SMS center prepayment...
SGSN
Common customers
GGSN
Switching network
WLAN Transmission network SDH/WDM/OTN/RTN
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Synchronization network
Private line
Group customers
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• The transmission network is a bearer of various service networks and is the lowest layer of a public telecommunications network. If a transmission network is improperly built, the development of service networks will be restricted and service deployment will be adversely affected. • Explanations of some abbreviations ▫ MSC: mobile switching center ▫ GMSC: gateway mobile switching center ▫ SGSN: serving GPRS support node ▫ GGSN: gateway GPRS support node ▫ PSTN: public switched telephone network ▫ GSM: global system for mobile communications ▫ GPRS: general packet radio service
Quiz 1. (Multiple-answer question) What are the main features of transmission networks? A. Large capacity B. Long distance C. Multi-service access
D. High reliability
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• Answer ▫ 1. ABCD
Quiz 2. (Multiple-answer question) Which of the following service nodes can be connected through a transmission network? A. RRU and BBU B. Surveillance center and sub-center in a railway communications network C. Google data centers in Australia and the United States
D. ONT and PC at home
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• Answer ▫ 2. ABC
Contents 1. Basic Concepts of Transmission Networks
2. Transmission Network Technologies ◼
Transmission Network Development
▫ SDH ▫ WDM ▫ Features and Application Technologies
3. Huawei Transmission Network Solutions
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Transmission Network Development
Practical products emerged.
SDH standards were complete, and PDH was still the mainstream.
DWDM construction started.
1976
Early 1990s
1998
OTN/MS-OTN /Liquid OTN /T-SDN
MSTP/ASON
2002
21st century
Capacity increase/Service diversification/IP-based/Intelligent 1966
Charles K. Kao proposed the optical transmission theory.
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1980s
1994
1999
PDH products were used on a large scale.
SDH devices became mainstream transmission devices.
DWDM systems were built on a large scale and all-optical networks were tested.
2010
Hybrid MSTP
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• PDH: plesiochronous digital hierarchy • SDH: synchronous digital hierarchy • MSTP: Multi-service transport platform • DWDM: dense wavelength division multiplexing • Hybrid MSTP: TDM + packet dual-plane MSTP • ASON: automatically switched optical network (intelligent optical network) • OTN: optical transport network • MS-OTN: multi-service optical transport network • Liquid OTN: next-generation OTN technology • TSDN: transport software defined networking
Transmission Network Development Trends • The singlewavelength rate is improved. • Multiple wavelengths are multiplexed into one optical fiber.
• Network O&M is not performed manually, achieving intelligent O&M.
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• Multi-service access and bearing
Increased capacity
Diversified services
Intelligent
IP-based • IP-based services require transmission networks to support packet switching and transmission.
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• The bandwidth is always insufficient for service networks. The service access rate, cross-connect capability, and line-side rate need to be continuously improved for transmission devices. Currently, the maximum commercial SDH singlewavelength rate of Huawei is 10 Gbit/s. The maximum OTN single-wavelength rate reaches 800 Gbit/s. In 2020, China Mobile Zhejiang achieved 800 Gbit/s per wavelength and 48 Tbit/s per fiber (60 wavelengths).
• With the emergence of new services, transmission devices need to provide service access capabilities to carry signals in transmission networks and then transmit them to remote sites. From traditional PDH services to Ethernet services and then to packet services, transmission networks support the access of signals at different rates and in different formats. • With the fast development of IP-based services, transmission networks must, like IP devices, be able to provide seamless access, switching, and transmission for these services. • With the rapid evolution of Internet+, 5G, 8K, and VR services, optical networks are becoming more and more complex as the ultimate bearer of bandwidth traffic. For traditional optical networks, network deployment is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and service provisioning is slow. Therefore, continuous evolution is urgently required to implement fast service deployment and intelligent O&M.
Main Huawei Transmission Network Technologies SDH
Traditional SDH
MSTP Diversified services
IP-based
Hybrid MSTP
Capacity increases.
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WDM
Traditional WDM
OTN
Features and applications
ASON
TSDN
MS-OTN
Liquid OTN
Optical network
PCM
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• Huawei transmission network devices mainly include SDH series and WDM series devices. ▫ SDH series devices include traditional SDH devices, MSTP devices, and Hybrid MSTP devices. The evolution of SDH series devices indicates the diversified and IP-based development trends of transmission networks. ▫ WDM series devices include traditional WDM devices, OTN devices, MSOTN devices, and Liquid OTN devices. The evolution process also reflects the diversified and IP-based development trends of transmission networks.
▫ From SDH series to WDM series, the capacity is greatly increased due to the change of the multiplexing mode. ▫ ASON and TSDN are important features of transmission networks and reflect the intelligent development trend of transmission networks. ▫ PCM is widely used in low-rate access scenarios such as electric power and railway.
Contents 1. Basic Concepts of Transmission Networks 2. Transmission Network Technologies ▫ Transmission Network Development ◼
SDH
▫ WDM ▫ Features and Application Technologies
3. Huawei Transmission Network Solutions
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Definition of SDH ⚫
SDH is a complete standard digital signal hierarchy that provides synchronous digital transmission, multiplexing, and cross-connections.
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Social background: Communication networks need to transmit, switch, and process increasing volume of information and satisfy digital, integrated, intelligent, and customized requirements.
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As the carrier of a communication network, a transmission network must be: ◼
Broadband-oriented - information superhighway
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Standardized - worldwide unified interfaces
Technical background: Traditional PDH networks are no longer applicable to the development of modern communications. 17
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• PDH, which was put into large-scale commercial use in 1980s, has the following disadvantages: ▫ Standards for electrical ports are regional rather than universal. ▫ Worldwide standards for optical ports are absent. ▫ Asynchronous multiplexing causes signal multiplexing and demultiplexing to be performed level by level. During the process, signals are prone to degrade. ▫ The OAM overhead is small. ▫ There is no unified network management interface. • SDH is developed based on PDH. International SDH standards arose prior to SDH products, so the defects of PDH are overcome since the design. • Basic concept: SDH defines a hierarchy of standardized digital signals involving synchronous transmission, multiplexing, and cross-connections. ▫ SDH interface: STM-N, which adopts the international standard interface and is applicable to the interconnection between devices of different vendors. ▫ SDH multiplexing mode: Synchronous byte interleaved multiplexing is used. The rate is increased by four times from STM-1 to STM-4. The position of a low-rate tributary signal in the STM-N frame is predictable. Therefore, the low-rate tributary signal can be directly dropped from or added into the STM-N signal. ▫ The STM-N frame format is fixed. The frame frequencies of signals at different rates are the same. The STM-1 frame structure is horizontally expanded to the STM-N frame structure by N times. ▫ Various overheads and pointers are used to monitor the quality of signal transmission, contributing to easy maintenance and administration. ▫ Flexible networking: chain, star, tree, ring, and mesh.
Advantages of SDH • Interconnection with other vendors' devices
• Powerful OAM functions
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• Easy multiplexing and demultiplexing, with little signal damage
Unified standard interfaces
Standard multiplexing route
Fixed frame structure and various overheads
Excellent compatibility • Forward and backward compatibility
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• Interfaces: electrical interface. The SDH system has a set of standard information structure levels, that is, a set of standard rate levels. The levels of the signal transmission structure are synchronous transmission modules STM-1/4/16/64. The line interfaces (optical ports) comply with the globally universal standards and specifications. The line coding of SDH signals only scrambles the signal code and does not insert the redundancy code. • Multiplexing: Low-rate SDH signals are multiplexed into the frame structure of high-rate SDH signals in byte interleaving mode. In addition, due to the synchronous multiplexing mode and flexible mapping structure, PDH low-rate tributary signals (such as 2 Mbit/s) can be multiplexed into SDH frames (STM-N). The position of low-rate tributary signals in STM-N frames is predictable. Therefore, low-rate tributary signals can be directly dropped from or added into STM-N signals. • Operation and maintenance (O&M): Various overheads of SDH signals occupy 1/20 of all bits in the entire frame, greatly enhancing OAM functions. Therefore, the maintenance cost of the system is greatly reduced, which accounts for a large proportion of the overall cost of communication devices. Therefore, the overall cost of an SDH system is lower than that of a PDH system. It is estimated that the overall cost of an SDH system is only 65.8% of the overall cost of a PDH system.
• Compatibility: SDH features strong compatibility, which means that after an SDH transmission network is constructed, the original PDH transmission network is not obsolete, and the two transmission networks can coexist. That is, PDH services can be transmitted over an SDH network. In addition, signals of other systems, such as asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) signals and fiber distributed data interface (FDDI) signals, can also be transmitted over an SDH network.
MSTP-related Concepts ⚫
Traditional SDH devices provide only E1, E3, and E4 interfaces. If Ethernet services need to be carried, protocol converters need to be configured. For example, five protocol converters need to be configured on both sides of an SDH device to receive a 10 Mbit/s Ethernet
service. ⚫
MSTP, a multi-service transmission platform based on traditional SDH devices, integrates
protocol conversion, signal adaptation, and signal encapsulation into service boards on SDH devices, facilitating service access. In addition, MSTP has all SDH functions including protection and restoration and OAM, and supports the transmission and access of multiple services, such as PDH, SDH, Ethernet, ATM, and PCM. ⚫
Briefly speaking: MSTP = Traditional SDH + Service boards
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• Traditional SDH devices are developed based on PDH. The tributary-side service interfaces are PDH E1, E3, and E4. If Ethernet and PCM services need to be carried, corresponding service boards need to be added, and traditional SDH devices need to be evolved into MSTP devices. • Both MSTP devices and traditional SDH devices are based on the TDM plane. If the packet plane is added, they turn into Hybrid MST devices. • The maximum commercial rate on the line side of traditional SDH devices (including MSTP devices) is 10 Gbit/s. Larger capacity can be achieved by using the WDM technology. • Currently, traditional SDH devices, including MSTP devices, are gradually phased out on carriers' networks. Hybrid MSTP products may exist for a long time, but the inventory is limited. In the future, the number of devices will increase only in the enterprise market.
MSTP Device Model MSTP devices = Traditional SDH + Service boards Client-side services
Tributary boards
ATM services
ATM boards
Ethernet services
Ethernet boards
PCM services
PCM boards
RPR services
RPR boards
PDH services
PDH services
Cross-connect boards
Line boards SDH optical interfaces
Line interfaces
SDH optical interfaces
Line interfaces
TDM cross-connections 20
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• The tributary boards of MSTP devices access various services such as PDH, Ethernet, and PCM services. After passing through the cross-connect boards, the service signals are sent to the remote sites through line boards (at the rate of STM-1/4/16/64).
• MSTP uses TDM-based circuit switching and allocates fixed bandwidth to specified users, meeting the requirements of traditional voice services. • MSTP supports data boards such as Ethernet boards, which can carry data services. However, because the core is still TDM-based circuit switching, the bandwidth cannot be shared with other services. Even if users do not have service traffic, the bandwidth is still exclusively occupied. • MSTP does not support statistical multiplexing. ▫ Statistical multiplexing: In the case of the transmission capacity of physical devices, the bandwidth is dynamically allocated according to the amount of data. When the bandwidth is idle, other services can use the bandwidth. When the service bandwidth exceeds the configured bandwidth, if there is remaining bandwidth, the extra bandwidth is used to transmit data packets; if there is no remaining bandwidth, data packets are discarded. According to the statistical features of various services, network resources are dynamically allocated among the services to achieve the best resource utilization on the premise of guaranteeing the service quality. • TDM: time division multiplexing
IP-based Transmission Network Development - Hybrid MSTP (H-MSTP) ⚫
H-MSTP = MSTP + PTN
H-MSTP has both the MSTP and packet transport network (PTN) architectures,
implementing optimal processing of TDM services and packet services.
Data services can be smoothly transmitted on the H-MSTP network, and the TDM domain
and packet domain can be seamlessly interconnected.
H-MSTP
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• Huawei Hybrid MSTP products have both MSTP and PTN architectures and can be flexibly configured to meet network requirements in different phases. ▫ It inherits all MSTP features and achieves the best quality of TDM services. The transmission mode of traditional TDM services is retained and is the same as that of an SDH network. ▫ MSTP devices on live networks can be smoothly upgraded to H-MSTP devices to ensure smooth network evolution and protect investment. ▫ PTN packet architecture: provides a highly reliable and flexibly scalable transmission platform to efficiently carry carrier-class data services. ▫ Ethernet services interconnection between the TDM and packet domains: MSTP services and packet services can be converted inside the devices. In addition, it supports the end-to-end management and protection of services, thereby realizing the convergence with MSTP networks.
Working Modes of Hybrid MSTP Devices • Transmits TDM, Ethernet, ATM, and IP-based services over an SDH network. • Fixed bandwidth allocation and reliable network protection ensure high service transmission quality.
TDM mode
H-MSTP
Packet mode
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Hybrid mode
• In the dual-plane networking mode, SDH services in the traditional TDM mode and Ethernet services in the packet mode can be transmitted separately.
• All-IP service transformation, providing end-to-end packet services
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• Based on the network evolution in different phases, the H-MSTP network provides three working modes: TDM mode, hybrid mode (TDM+packet dual plane), and packet mode (PTN).
▫ Different application modes are selected for different application scenarios to achieve optimal bearing of TDM and IP-based services. ▫ Different modes can be flexibly and smoothly converted.
Contents 1. Basic Concepts of Transmission Networks 2. Transmission Network Technologies ▫ Transmission Network Development ▫ SDH ◼
WDM
▫ Features and Application Technologies
3. Huawei Transmission Network Solutions
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WDM ⚫
Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is a technology that multiplexes optical signals of different wavelengths into one optical fiber for transmission. Wavelengths are multiplexed at the transmit end and demultiplexed at the receive end. OTU1 OTU2
λ1
λ2
…
…
OTU3
Multiplex
λn
Demultiplex SDH
Optical cable DSLAM
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Fiber cores (6 cores)
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• With the wide application of services, the requirements for the bandwidth of transmission networks are increasing. ▫ Time division multiplexing (TDM) evolves from primary rate multiplexing into quaternary groups in traditional PDH to STM-1, STM-4, STM-16, and STM-64 multiplexing in SDH. ▪ Disadvantage 1: Optical cable resources are insufficient. ▪ Disadvantage 2: The rate upgrade is not flexible. ▪ Disadvantage 3: For higher-rate TDM devices, the costs are high, and the 40 Gbit/s TDM devices have reached the rate limit of electronic components.
▫ WDM multiplexes the optical signals at different rates (wavelengths) over one fiber for transmission. The digital signals carried by these optical signals can have the same rate and data format or different rates and data formats. To expand the capacity of a network, new wavelengths can be deployed in the network according to customer requirements: ▪ Ultra-large capacity and ultra-long haul transmission ▪ Transparent transmission of data
▪ Maximum investment protection during a system upgrade ▪ High networking flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and reliability
Structure of a WDM System Components of a WDM system that multiplexes N wavelengths:
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Optical transponder unit (OTU)
Optical multiplexer unit/Optical demultiplexer unit (OMU/ODU)
Optical amplifier (OA. BA is short for booster amplifier, LA for line amplifier, and PA for preamplifier.)
Optical supervisory channel/Electrical supervisory channel (OSC/ESC) OTU
OTU OTU
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OTU O M
OA OSC
OA OSC
OA OSC
O D
OTU OTU
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• An OTU converts diverse wavelengths to standard wavelengths specified by ITU-T using the optical to electrical to optical (O/E/O) scheme. That is, a positiveintrinsic-negative (PIN) photodiode or an avalanche photodiode (APD) converts the received optical signals to electrical signals, and the electrical signals modulate the standard-wavelength laser to obtain new optical signals over ITUT-compliant WDM wavelengths. • An OMU, located at the transmit end, is a component that has several input ports and one output port. Each input port receives on optical signal. These signals are transmitted together through one output port. An ODU, located at the receive end, has one input port and several output ports and separates signals at multiple wavelengths. • An OA (such as BA/LA/PA) amplifies optical signals. An all-optical amplifier features real-time, high gain, broad bandwidth, on-line, low noise, and low attenuation. It is an essential component in a next-generation optical fiber communication system. Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) and fiber Raman amplifiers (FRAs) are commonly used in practice. Particularly, EDFAs have outstanding performance and are extensively used as BAs, LAs, or PAs in optical fiber communication systems that support long-haul, large-capacity, and highspeed transmission. • An OSC is set up to monitor WDM optical transmission systems. ITU-T recommends the 1510 nm wavelength with a capacity of 2 Mbit/s. The OSC can work properly at low rates based on high receiver sensibility (greater than –48 dBm). However, it must be dropped before reaching an EDFA and be added after reaching the EDFA.
CWDM vs. DWDM Band
DWDM
CWDM
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Mainly C band
8 wavelengths: S+C+L 16 wavelengths: S+C+L+O+E
Channel Spacing 40 wavelengths: 100 GHz (about 8 nm) 80 wavelengths: 50 GHz (about 4 nm) 96 wavelengths: 50 GHz
20 nm
Application Scenario
Component Requirement
Backbone networks that have high requirements on loss control. Multiple OA boards are required for long-haul transmission.
The requirements on lasers and multiplexers/demultiplexers (expensive) are demanding. The costs are high.
For a short-distance metro network (generally within 100 km), no OA is required.
For a wide-spectrum wavelength, the factor that the wavelength drifts with the temperature does not need to be considered for the laser. There is no temperature control and the cost is low. The multiplexer/demultiplexer module uses the dielectric film and has much lower costs than the DWDM AWG multiplexer/demultiplexer module. However, the number of supported channels cannot exceed 16.
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• CWDM: coarse wavelength division multiplexing; DWDM: dense wavelength division multiplexing. • Compared with a DWDM system, a CWDM system provides a certain number of wavelengths and a transmission distance within 100 km, reduces system costs, and improves flexibility. Therefore, CWDM is mainly applied to metro networks. • In actual applications, CWDM products are classified into 8-wavelength systems and 16-wavelength systems. Currently, 8-wavelength systems are widely used.
Questions ⚫
Comparison between SDH and WDM:
The bandwidth of WDM networks is increased. Does the OAM capability of WDM networks need to be improved to manage massive information?
WDM uses wavelengths as the minimum units for information grooming. Are there any problems such as inflexible grooming and resource waste?
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Is WDM protection comprehensive?
Solution: Mainly apply WDM at the optical layer to transparently transmit the accessed signals. If the electrical layer can be added and some concepts of SDH can be used for reference, such as rich
electrical-layer OAM overheads, flexible electrical-layer grooming, and comprehensive electrical-layer protection, the preceding problems can be resolved. ⚫
The technology that combines WDM (at the optical layer) and SDH (at the electrical layer) is OTN.
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• Simply speaking, OTN is equivalent to WDM plus SDH.
OTN ⚫
An optical transport network (OTN) consists of optical NEs connected by optical fiber links. It enables transmission, multiplexing, routing, management, supervisory, and protection (survivability) of client services based on optical channels. One important feature of an OTN
is that the transmission settings of any digital client signal are independent of specific client features, that is, client independence. ⚫
Compared with SDH and traditional WDM, OTN has the following advantages:
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Large-granularity service transmission
Multi-service transmission
Powerful OAM functions
Flexible networking
Lower network construction and operation costs Huawei Confidential
• OTN: optical transport network • An OTN uses the optical-electrical integration network technology, which is not a new concept. ITU-T has formulated a series of OTN industry standards (such as G.709, G.805, G.806, G.798, G.874, G.693 and G.872) over the years. The OTN technology is developed based on SDH and WDM technologies and has combined the advantages of these technologies. • A single wavelength of an OTN device supports a transmission rate of 40 Gbit/s, 100 Gbit/s, or even higher, achieving large-capacity transmission and meeting the development trend of large-granularity IP networks. • OTN devices support separated service access on the tributary and line sides. This improves the flexibility of service access and enables the access of multiple services, such as SDH, Ethernet, IP/MPLS, and SAN. • OTN has its own frame structure and various overheads to operate, manage, and maintain signals during transmission. • Compared with traditional WDM, OTN provides flexible networking modes, such as multi-ring, mesh, and star networking modes, which are commonly required by metro networks. It is applicable to the development of new services and frequent service adjustments on metro networks.
Architecture and Interfaces of OTN Client signal
ODUk OTUk[V] OH
OH
OH OPUk
ODUk
OTM-n.m
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OMSn OH OTSn OH OOS
OCCo
OCCo
OCCo
OMU-n.m
l 2 l 1
FEC
Non-channelassociated OC h OChOH OCh payload overhead
OC G-n.m
n
OPUk payload
OTM-n. m
OPUk
l
OCCp
l OCCp
OCCp
OSC
OTM overhead signal (OOS)
OMSn payload OTSn payload
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OTN introduces various overheads based on the SDH overhead concept to provide OAM&P capabilities.
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One independent optical supervisory channel (OSC) is used to transmit the OTM overhead signal (OOS). Huawei Confidential
• OTUk, ODUk, and OPUk are electrical signals, and OCh and higher-layer signals are optical signals. • Client signals (such as IP/MPLS, ATM, Ethernet, and SDH signals) are mapped into OPUk as OPU payloads plus OPU overheads. Here, k can be 1, 2, 3, or 4, which indicates that the bit rate is about 2.5 Gbit/s, 10 Gbit/s, 40 Gbit/s, or 100 Gbit/s, respectively. OPUk, as the ODU payload, forms ODUk. The OTU overheads and FEC area are added to the ODUk, and then the ODUk is mapped into a fully standardized optical channel transport unit k (OTUk) or a functional standardized optical channel transport unit k (OTUkV). After being added with OCh overheads, OTUk signals are mapped into an optical channel with full functionality (OCh) or an optical channel with reduced functionality (OChr). After OCh is modulated to the optical channel carrier (OCC), wavelength division multiplexing is performed on n OCCs to form OCG-n.m. After that, OMS overheads are added to OCG-n.m to form the OMSn interface. OTS overheads are added to OMSn to form the OTSn unit. OChr signals are modulated to OCCr signals, and wavelength division multiplexing is performed on n OCCr signals to form an optical physical section (OPSn). OPSn combines the transmission functions of OMS and OTS networks without supervisory information. • OTUk bit rate (bit/s): ▫ OTU0: 1.25G ▫ OTU1: 2.5G ▫ OTU2: 10G ▫ OTU3: 40G ▫ OTU4: 100G ▫ OTUC2: 200G ▫ OTUC4: 400G
IP-based Transmission Network Development - MS-OTN ⚫
MS-OTN: multi-service optical transport network
Packet switching technology
Transmission of OTN, PKT, and SDH services
Simplified network structure Cost L3
IP and MPLS routing technology Ethernet services/MSTP-TP technology
L2 L1 L0
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Cross-connect grooming of electrical signals Wavelength grooming
IP/MPLS router
L3 L2
MS-OTN L1 L0
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• In line up with the development trend of transmission networks, a multi-service optical transport network (MS-OTN) architecture that integrates OTN, TDM, and packet (PKT) technologies was designed. In the MS-OTN architecture, Layer 0 (L0), Layer 1 (L1), and Layer 2 (L2) collaborate with each other to meet bandwidth, quality, and cost requirements. As such, the MS-OTN architecture is ideal for future-proof transmission networks.
• MS-OTN is a next-generation OTN product following NG WDM. • The core of MS-OTN devices is "all-in-one". Simply put, the MS-OTN devices have the following features: ▫ Multi-service access: MS-OTN devices can receive and transmit any services, such as SDH, SONET, PDH, ETH, FC, SDI, PON, SAN, and CPRI. ▫ Unified grooming: As the MS-OTN devices have integrated with L0, L1, and L2 technologies, they can provide unified grooming of services on the wavelength, packet, ODU, and VC levels. ▫ Unified transmission: Various services can be mapped into the best matched channels and freely aggregated into large-capacity wavelengths for unified transmission. ▫ Unified maintenance: MS-OTN has a unified NMS, which can visually and uniformly operate and maintain services at L0, L1, and L2.
MS-OTN Architecture
MPLS-TP
PKT
MPLS-TP
STM-N
VC
STM-N
L2
L1
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OTUk
Uni versal S wODUk itch
OTUk
WDM
Photonic Switching
WDM
L0
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• MS-OTN integrates the L0/L1/L2 multi-plane architecture to achieve efficient transmission. L2 implements Ethernet/MPLS-TP-based switching, L1 implements ODUk/VC-based switching, and L0 implements λ-based switching.
▫ OTN packet devices integrate L0, L1, and L2 technical planes and use the modular design. They can be combined into a single OTN device, a single packet device, or a hybrid device to flexibly carry services. ▫ OTN packet devices support WDM, 40G/100G, and unlimited bandwidth expansion, meeting bandwidth growth requirements.
▫ OTN packet devices support the SDH plane, meeting the requirements for smooth evolution from SDH networks to OTN networks and protecting investments. ▫ OTN devices provide L0, L1, and L2 functions to construct more simple and reliable networks.
▫ OTN packet devices can select L2 packet convergence based on service traffic characteristics to meet high bandwidth utilization requirements. L1 fixed pipes are used to meet high-security transmission requirements. L0 wavelengths are selected to meet high bandwidth requirements. Flexible selection facilitates sustainable and efficient bearer (transmission) networks.
MS-OTN - Flexible and Scalable Network Construction
RNC 2–50 Mbit/s
10–300 Mbit/s
LSP VC-n/ODUk
SDH STM-N
Wavelength λ
10–100 Gbit/s
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• Packet OTN devices enable flexible network construction and easy expansion. • All-granularity pipes: ▫
L0 pipe: Wavelength λ: 10 Gbit/s/40 Gbit/s/100 Gbit/s
▫
L1 pipe: VC-n/ODUk
▫
L2 pipe: PW/LSP pipe with any bandwidth
• Rigid and flexible pipes: ▫ Rigid pipe (λ+ODU+VC): high reliability and security ▫ Flexible pipe PW/LSP: The bandwidth is configurable and can be dynamically adjusted. The planning is flexible and the cost is low. • Flexible network planning: The bandwidth of the flexible packet L2 pipe can be configured and adjusted. The network service topology supports P2P, P2MP, and MP2MP. • Easy network expansion: The modular design and centralized grooming ensure non-blocking and flexible service grooming. • Efficient service transmission: The packet technology integrates E1, FE, and GE low-rate services. Multiple services share the same pipe, improving bandwidth utilization. High-rate (10 Gbit/s/100 Gbit/s) L0 service forwarding, low latency, and highly reliable transmission.
• Smooth SDH evolution: SDH services can be smoothly inherited to implement SDH modernization, that is, SDH-to-OTN upgrade.
Challenges Faced by OTN and Corresponding Solution Advantage
Disadvantage
Service channels are physically isolated and do not affect each other.
Inflexible pipes: The minimum channel is ODU0, and only a small number of connections are available.
Zero packet loss and zero congestion.
Low resource utilization: For example, if 100 Mbit/s services are mapped to ODU0, resource utilization is 10%.
The latency is determinable, manageable, controllable, and predictable.
High latency: multi-level encapsulation and mapping, without latency optimization. Inflexible bandwidth adjustment.
⚫
Solution: Liquid OTN
33
Defines the service-oriented flexible container: optical service unit (OSU). OSU mapping is added to flexibly match service bandwidth. OSUs can more efficiently carry small-granularity signals (for example, N x 2.4 Mbit/s).
Huawei Confidential
• OTN, including MS-OTN, features advantages such as high bandwidth, service isolation, fixed latency, and multi-service bearing in integrated service bearing. However, they also have the following disadvantages:
▫ Insufficient flexibility: The minimum channel is ODU0, which is 1.25 Gbit/s, and only a small number of connections are supported. A 100 Gbit/s line board supports a maximum of 80 ODU0 services, but a large number of 2 Mbit/s to 1 Gbit/s small-granularity services exist on live networks. ▫ Low resource utilization: For example, if 100 Mbit/s client services are mapped into ODU0 services, bandwidth utilization is only 10%. ▫ High latency: Multi-level encapsulation and mapping lead to high latency.
▫ Inflexible bandwidth adjustment • On February 21, 2020, Huawei released the industry's first Liquid OTN optical transmission solution in the UK. • The Liquid OTN solution is the world's first optical transmission solution that supports all-service bearing. It consists of Huawei OptiXtrans series optical
transmission products.
Advantages of Liquid OTN • SDH, PKT, and ODU are integrated and groomed by using OSUs. • Footprint reduced by 70% • Power consumption reduced by 50%
• The number of encapsulation layers decreases from 5 to 3.
34
• The pipe granularity is changed from 1.25 Gbit/s to 2.4 Mbit/s, greatly increasing the number of connections.
Simplified architecture
Ubiquitous connectivity
Ultra-low latency
High flexibility and efficiency • Hitless bandwidth adjustment in seconds, achieving on-demand bandwidth allocation
Huawei Confidential
• Simplified architecture: A unified service bearer interface and unified resource allocation are provided. • Ubiquitous connectivity: The minimum pipe granularity is changed from 1.25 Gbit/s to 2.4 Mbit/s, greatly increasing the number of connections. A single fiber can provide 120,000 hard slices, enabling more optical connections. • Ultra-low latency: The latency increases each time a service passes through an encapsulation layer. More encapsulation layers result in higher latency. For example, when 2 Mbit/s services are encapsulated and multiplexed into 100 Gbit/s services, traditional OTN requires five layers of encapsulation and multiplexing (VC12-VC4-ODU0-ODU4-OTU4 for 2 Mbit/s services). With the Liquid OTN technology, 2 Mbit/s services require only three layers of encapsulation and multiplexing (OSU-ODU4-OTU4 for 2 Mbit/s services), greatly reducing the latency. • Flexible and efficient: Hitless service bandwidth adjustment improves network O&M efficiency.
Contents 1. Basic Concepts of Transmission Networks 2. Transmission Network Technologies ▫ Transmission Network Development ▫ SDH
▫ WDM ◼
Features and Application Technologies
3. Huawei Transmission Network Solutions
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PCM-related Concepts ⚫
In an optical fiber communications system, optical fibers transmit binary optical pulses 0s and 1s, which are generated after a light source is turned on and off with binary digital signals. A digital signal is generated by sampling, quantizing, and encoding continuously changing analog signals. This mechanism is called pulse code modulation (PCM). This electrical digital signal is called a digital baseband signal, which is generated by the PCM electrical transceiver. Now, the PSM technology is widely used in digital transmission systems. PCM 30
0
Timeslots 1–15
16
Timeslots 17–31
User data timeslot
Frame synchronization code 36
PCM E1 frame structure
User data timeslot
Signaling timeslot
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• PCM: pulse code modulation • E1 is one of the PCM standards and consists of 32 timeslots, namely TS0 to TS31. Each timeslot is 64 kbit/s. TS0 is the frame synchronization code, and TS16 is the signaling timeslot. When signaling (common channel signaling or channel associated signaling) is used, TS0 is used to transmit signaling, and TS16 cannot be used to transmit data. • The PCM formats of E1 are as follows: ▫ PCM30: The PCM30 user has 30 available timeslots, namely TS1–TS15 and TS17–TS31. TS16 is used to transmit signaling and does not support CRC. ▫ PCM31: The PCM30 user has 31 available timeslots, namely TS1-TS15 and TS16-TS31. TS16 does not transmit signaling and cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is not performed. ▫ PCM30C: The PCM30 user has 30 available timeslots, namely TS1–TS15 and TS17–TS31. TS16 is used to transmit signaling and CRC is performed. ▫ PCM31C: The PCM30 user has 31 available timeslots, namely TS1–TS15 and
TS16–TS31. TS16 does not transmit signaling and CRC is performed. ▫ CE1: E1 transmission is divided into thirty 64 kbit/s timeslots, generally expressed as N x 64.
PCM Devices and Application Examples NMS
Substation
PCM device
MSTP device
SCADA
PCM device
Substation
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PCM device
PBX Dispatch center
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• The PCM technology is widely used in electric power systems, railway systems, urban rail transit systems, and energy transmission systems. With the development of technologies, PCM devices have expanded from pure voice service access to integrated access of multiple low-rate data services. • PCM devices provide the following functions: ▫ Convert low-rate signals into digital signals and encapsulate them into 64 kbit/s channels. ▫ Provide the timeslot cross-connect function and various standard interfaces. ▫ Multiplex multiple channels of 64 kbit/s signals into 2 Mbit/s signals. • Common low-rate signals: ▫ Audio call signal ▫ RS-232 digital signal ▫ Four-wire analog E/M signal • The previous figure shows the application of PCM in an electric power system. Low-rate services such as monitoring signals and dispatching phones of power plants, dispatching hones of substations, relay protection signals, sensor signals, monitoring signals, and RTUs need to be connected to the communication transmission network through PCM devices. The data is then transmitted to the power dispatching center. In this way, the communication network of an entire electric power system is formed. • The following chapters describe the Huawei PCM solution. Traditional PCM devices can be transformed into the PCM boards embedded in transmission devices to save space, simplify management, and reduce possible fault points.
Intelligent Development of Transmission Networks - ASON ⚫
Automatically switched optical network (ASON), also known as intelligent optical network, is a next-generation optical network that integrates switching and transmission. It allows users to dynamically initiate service requests, automatically select routes, and automatically
establish and tear down connections through signaling control. ⚫
The concept of signaling has been introduced into ASON. The control plane is used to
transmit signaling. In ASON, signaling can be used to manage network connections and simplify network O&M. This is the main reason why ASON is called intelligent optical network. ⚫
ASON networks are mesh networks with high reliability. Multiple protection policies can be configured because redundancy is greatly increased. Due to the introduction of signaling, ASON networks support the rerouting mechanism, which improves reliability. 38
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• Currently, ASON, as a device feature, can be applied to Huawei's mainstream products.
ASON Network Architecture ⚫
From dual-plane to three-plane Management plane: NMS
NMI
Manages the entire network and coordinates the functions of the other two layers. Control plane: signaling connection and intelligence
CCI
Controls call connections and provides intelligent protection and recovery. Transmission plane: forwarding plane Key technologies: ROADM/OTN
Traditional network = Transmission plane + Management plane; ASON network = Transmission plane + Control plane + Management plane The introduction of the control plane enables optical networks to automatically complete network bandwidth allocation and self-healing. 39
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• Control plane ▫ The control plane consists of a group of communication entities. It establishes, releases, monitors, and maintains connections using signaling protocols, and automatically restores connections when faults occur. ▫ The routing protocol on the control plane is OSPF, which implements automatic topology discovery and provides basic data for service route calculation. • Transmission plane ▫ The transmission plane transmits and multiplexes optical signals, configures cross-connections and protection switching, and guarantees the reliability of all optical signals. • Management plane ▫ The management plane maintains the transmission plane, control plane, and the entire system, including end-to-end service management, performance management, fault management, configuration management, and security management. • The control plane is the biggest difference between ASON and traditional optical network systems. ASON improves optical network efficiency and adapts to service dynamics. • Advantages of ASON: high reliability, simplified O&M management, and provision of new services with different SLAs based on user requirements.
ASON Deployment Solution Distributed ASON system
Centralized ASON system ASON software
ASON software
NMS
A
ASON software
D
NMS
A
E
D E
ASON software B ASON software
40
C
B
C
ASON software
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• Distributed ASON system: ▫ An intelligent module is added to each device to implement intelligent control. The NMS is not involved in intelligent control.
▫ The network of the distributed system is more secure and reliable than that of the centralized system. If any device is faulty, only the intelligent control of the device is adversely affected, and other devices can still work properly. ▫ The ASON software is independent of the board software, NE software, and NMS software. The ASON software and NE software are stored and run on the SCC board. The board software and NMS software are stored and run on boards and NMS computer respectively to provide the related functions. The software structure for all OptiX OSN series products is the same. You can upgrade traditional versions to the ASON version by loading the NE software that contains ASON software. • Centralized ASON system: ▫ The devices are still traditional devices. The ASON modules are centralized on the NMS. The NMS implements intelligent control and then delivers related information to the devices.
▫ If the centralized NMS is faulty, the entire network will be adversely affected. Because the intelligent control is centralized on the NMS, the NMS is complex and the network reliability is poor. • Huawei ASON is a distributed ASON system.
Intelligent Development of Transmission Networks - TSDN ⚫
SDN: software-defined networking. TSDN is the SDN in the transport domain.
⚫
The objective of SDN is to separate the device control layer from the forwarding layer and make a network open, programmable, virtualized, and automatic. Mobile video Network openness
Cloud storage
Desktop telepresence
OSS
API
Application plane
Northbound APIs
Controller C ontrol plane
Centralized control Network abstraction
Transmission device
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Forwarding-control plane separation Centralized control Forwarding plane
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• The control function is separated from transmission devices and centralized on the SDN controller (ASON is deployed in distributed mode). The SDN controller provides APIs for the application plane to make the network open and programmable. • Only open technologies can involve more software and hardware vendors, and promote the rapid development of technologies. • In addition to transmission network devices, routers and access network devices use the same forwarding-control separation mechanism. In addition, virtualization and cloud computing technologies can be introduced to deploy the SDN controller on the cloud platform. • SDN features: northbound interfaces, separation of forwarding and control planes, and centralized control • Northbound APIs: interfaces between the SDN controller and the application layer. Southbound APIs: interfaces between the SDN controller and devices.
Huawei TSDN Network Architecture Global network management
Huawei apps
Third-party apps
Multi-domain orchestrator
Northbound APIs
Northbound APIs (RESTful) C ontrollers i n other domains
Deployment
Online planning
Controller interface
Network abstraction
...
NMS
Southbound APIs ( PCEP/OSPF) Southbound APIs Network management interfaces (such as QX)
42
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• The controller implements centralized management and control of single-domain networks. • The orchestrator is responsible for multi-domain multi-vendor management. It abstracts device, network, and service models, shields network technology details, simplifies network models, and accelerates service innovation. It also implements service orchestration to achieve end-to-end management and operation of the entire network.
TSDN and ASON TSDN Network Traditional transmission network NMS
QX DCN
Data and management planes only 43
ASON network NMS
QX DCN
Adding a distributed ASON control plane
CloudOpera NMS
QX
TSDN controller DCN
Adding a centralized controller
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• TSDN controls the entire network, detects the resources, services, and pipes of the entire transmission network, and performs centralized control based on the information. The ASON control is distributed to each NE. Although an ASON NE can sense the link resources of the entire network, the control channel is at the single-NE level. • ASON focuses on a single domain and a single vendor. In addition to singledomain single-vendor TSDN, multi-domain multi-vendor TSDN is also supported. • CloudOpera: CloudOpera is the "operating system" of enterprises and carriers. It helps enterprises and carriers implement quick service rollout and automatic O&M in Internet mode.
Summary and Review of Transmission Network Technologies ASON
C ontrol technology MSTP Electrical-layer technologies
PDH
Traditional SDH
PTN
H ybrid MSTP MS-OTN
TSDN
OTN Optical-layer technologies
44
Traditional W DM
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• This chapter describes the main technologies of transmission networks in terms of the development trends. Now, let us review transmission network technologies from the perspective of information processing methods.
▫ SDH, MSTP, and H-MSTP mainly work at the electrical layer. Although line interfaces are generally optical interfaces (STM-1 interfaces also support electrical interfaces), electrical signals are still processed inside devices. Boards communicate with each other through electrical buses on the backplane. ▫ Traditional WDM devices mainly work at the optical layer. Therefore, a large number of optical fibers are connected to corresponding boards before the traditional WDM devices. ▫ OTN works at the optical layer and electrical layer, and combines the SDH electrical-layer technology and WDM optical-layer technology.
▫ Based on the MSTP technology, the packet plane is added to hybrid MSTP. ▫ Based on the OTN technology, the packet plane is added to MS-OTN.
▫ ASON introduces an independent control plane, which can be applied to mainstream transmission network devices. Based on ASON, TSDN adds an SDN controller for centralized control and provides open northbound interfaces for upper-layer applications.
Quiz 1. (Single-answer
question)
Which
of
the
following
technologies does not support the packet plane? A. Hybrid MSTP B. PTN C. MS-OTN D. SDH
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• Answer ▫ 1. D
transmission
network
Quiz 2. (Multi-answer question) What are the main features of SDN? A. Northbound APIs B.
Southbound APIs
C.
Separation of control and forwarding planes
D. Centralized control
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• Answer ▫ 2. ACD
Section Summary ⚫
This section focuses on the development trends of transmission network technologies
and
introduces
several
major
transmission
network
technologies. ⚫
With the advent of the 5G and Internet+, a large number of new technologies and applications will emerge in terms of new rates, new sites, and new O&M.
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Contents 1. Basic Concepts of Transmission Networks 2. Transmission Network Technologies
3. Huawei Transmission Network Solutions
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Huawei PCM Solution ⚫
Huawei's built-in PCM technology integrates the transmission device and PCM device. The PCM device is embedded into the transmission device and functions as a PCM board to directly access client-side services, meeting the multi-service access requirements of enterprise communications. ❑
Space saving: two sets reduced to one set, lower power consumption
❑
High reliability: two layers reduced to one layer,
reducing possible fault points ❑
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Easy management: one NMS for E2E configuration
PCM board
Transmission device
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• Currently, PCM and transmission devices are separated in the industry. Low-rate signals of customers are sent to a PCM device and then to a transmission device. Devices are stacked, occupying a large space. This leads to complex networking, difficult management, and complex O&M. • In Huawei PCM solution, multiple types of PCM boards are customized on mature transmission devices to replace traditional PCM devices. In this way, various low-rate PCM services can be accessed in a unified manner, reducing device stacking, saving equipment room space, and reducing investment. High reliability: Various low-rate PCM services access the transmission network in a unified manner, reducing intermediate service cascading and conversion, simplifying network connection, and improving network reliability. Simple O&M: A unified NMS is used to perform unified O&M, service configuration, and service provisioning for MSTP devices, including PCM boards. Huawei NMS also supports visualized O&M, making network performance clear.
Metro Network Construction Solution for Large-Scale Railway Hubs Railway dispatch center
Monitoring system
Ticketing system
Office system Video conferencing system
CTC
Dispatching telephone system
Hu b station
Monitoring IP-SAN storage center
Telephone
Telecom site
Ticketing system
Call OA system su bcenter
Monitoring su bcenter
OSN 9800
OSN 9800 10G/100G x 96
Video NMS conferencing ch annel
50
Other systems
IP-SAN storage
Financial system
OA system A dministrative Call telephone su bcenter
Video conferencing
NMS ch annel
Other systems
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• 96 x 10G/100G (extended C band, 96 wavelengths) ultra-large capacity meets high bandwidth requirements of services such as HD video. • Multiple protection technologies, such as OTN optical-layer and electrical-layer protection and ASON, satisfy various service security and reliability requirements. • The optical doctor (OD) system and fiber management and maintenance system meet the requirements for convenient network O&M. • The industry-leading architecture design is future-oriented and adapts to railway service changes.
Large-Scale Data Center Construction Solution • Huawei OTN devices provide Data center
50 G
Intra-city active-active data center
various service interfaces, support devices from mainstream IT vendors, such as storage device and server vendors, and have passed SAN certification. • Active-active data center I/O operations have high
100 G OTN
requirements on latency. On an
20 G
30 G Remote disaster recovery (DR) center
51
OTN network, only terminal sites use OTN electrical crossconnections, and the device
latency is low. Huawei transmission networks feature simple layers and low latency.
Huawei Confidential
• Huawei OTN devices provide various service interfaces, which are fully compatible. • Intra-city active-active data centers: Ultra-high bandwidth is provided for intracity data center interconnection and real-time backup, improving service continuity. When the active data center is faulty, services can be quickly switched to the intra-city active-active data center. • Remote DR center: Data is backed up when a geological disaster such as an earthquake occurs, and the backup distance crosses the radius of the geological disaster. The remote DR center and the intra-city DR center use the same product platform, simplifying management. • Active-active data center I/O operations have high requirements on latency. For example, when a host writes data to a storage array, the host performs the next step only after both the data center and the intra-city active-active data center return a write success acknowledgment.
Bandwidth Leasing Solution Security negotiation and dynamic key change AES256
AES256
Encryption management
Customer
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⚫
Supports dynamic key change.
⚫
Provides E2E independent security management plane.
⚫
The encrypted information is mapped to OPUk, which does not affect the line-side rate.
Encryption management
Customer
Huawei Confidential
• Current situation: ▫ There are various leasing requirements. Generally, high-value customers trust hard pipes.
▫ Larger pipes, such as GE/10GE, are becoming the optimal choice. However, low-speed leased lines, such as traditional STM-1 and E1 leased lines, will still exist for a long time. • Solution: ▫ Flexible leasing solution: ▪ Provides the large-granularity ODU leasing solution. ▪ Provides VC granularities to meet the requirements of low-rate private lines. ▪ Provides packet leasing services, such as LSP, to reduce customer costs (due to bandwidth competition). ▫ Secure encryption solution:
▪ AES256 encryption, meeting bandwidth leasing security requirements
Quiz 1. (Multi-answer question) What are the advantages of Huawei PCM solution? A. Space saving B. High reliability C. Easy management D. High Investment
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• Answer ▫ 1. ABC
Section Summary ⚫
Huawei transmission network solutions apply to multiple scenarios. This section uses Huawei PCM solution as an example to describe the multiservice access, multi-service unified transmission, and high bandwidth features of Huawei transmission networks.
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• Multi-service access: Supports interfaces for PCM, mainstream IT devices, and video services. • Unified transmission of multiple services: MS-OTN supports all-in-one VC/PKT/ODUk cross-connections. • High bandwidth: extended C band. The single-wavelength rate also keeps increasing.
Summary ⚫
This chapter describes the concepts and main technologies of transmission networks, and the applications of Huawei transmission network technologies.
⚫
Focus on transmission network technologies:
The SDH and WDM technologies and their evolution are introduced from the perspective of transmission network technology development.
Transmission network features include PCM, ASON, and TSDN.
Finally, this chapter summarizes and reviews the technologies and features of
transmission networks in terms of information processing.
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Thank you.
把数字世界带入每个人、每个家庭、 每个组织，构建万物互联的智能世界。 Bring digital to every person, home, and organization for a fully connected, intelligent world. Co pyright© 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. A l l Rights Reserved. The information in this document may contain predictive statements including, without limitation, statements regarding the future financial and operating results, future product portfolio, new technology, etc. There are a number of factors that could cause actual results and developments to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the predictive statements. Therefore, such information is provided for reference purpose only and constitutes neither an offer nor an acceptance. Huawei may change the information at any time without notice.
SDH Principles
Foreword ⚫
A transmission network is the carrier of various service networks. The quality of a transmission network will inevitably affect the development of other service networks as well as service growth.
⚫
A network that consists of SDH devices is called an SDH network, which is an important part of a transmission network. What are the working principles of SDH? How does an SDH device transmit data?
⚫
After learning this course, you will have a basic understanding of SDH principles.
2
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Objectives ⚫
3
On completion of this course, you will be able to:
Understand the application scenarios of SDH networks.
Describe the SDH frame structure and the functions of each component.
Be familiar with the procedure for multiplexing SDH signals.
Describe the major overhead bytes and alarms of the SDH frame structure.
Describe the pointers and functions of the SDH frame structure.
Understand the composition of the logical functional modules of SDH devices.
Understand the PCM technology and its solutions.
Huawei Confidential
Contents 1. SDH Overview 2. SDH Frame Structure and Multiplexing Procedure
3. Overheads and Pointers 4. Logical Functional Modules
5. Application of SDH Trail Layers and Overheads 6. PCM Technology
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Development of SDH Networks SDH gradually became the mainstream transmission device.
MSTP/ASON
1994
2002
OTN
MS-OTN
2007
2014
Increased capacity and diversified services Early 1990s
SDH standards were completed.
1998
DWDM
2003
PTN
2009
21st century
Hybrid MSTP
SDN
Hybrid MSTP = SDH + PTN MS-OTN = SDH + PTN + OTN Advantages of SDH: standardized ports, synchronous multiplexing, abundant operation, administration and maintenance (OAM) functions, and good interconnection compatibility
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• Development history of optical transmission networks:
▫
In 1966, Charles K. Kao proposed the theory of optical transmission.
▫
In 1976, commercial transmission equipment began to appear.
▫
In the 1980s, plesiochronous digital hierarchy (PDH) products were widely used.
▫
In the 1990s, synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) emerged and passed the ITU-T specifications, and was widely deployed in the world.
▫
In the late 1990s, the dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) technology with a higher rate started to be applied in large scale. The DWDM technology can be used to transmit information of multiple wavelengths at the same time over one fiber, thereby improving the utilization of fiber resources and reducing construction investment costs.
▫
At the beginning of the 21st century, to increase the transmission capacity to Tbit/s or even more than 10 Tbit/s and implement signal processing (such as the adding, dropping, and multiplexing of optical signals and optical wavelength conversion/switching) at the optical layer, the optical transport network (OTN) technology was introduced and applied.
• Currently, the mainstream system is SDH/WDM, which integrates new technologies, such as multi-service transmission platform (MSTP) and automatic switching optical network (ASON). • SDN, short for software-defined network, enables networks to be quickly adjusted and new services to be quickly provisioned like IT applications. It allows more apps to be quickly deployed on networks and adjusts network capabilities, such as forwarding, control, and layered decoupling of apps, thereby enabling independent competition among layers, promoting industry development, and changing the vertical integration mode of vendors to horizontal isolation.
Application Scenarios of SDH Networks Wi-Fi signal
GSM-R
Cloud DC WDM/OTN
STM-16/64
Enterprise
Internet DC
Mobile
Broadband
1. Connects GSM-R base stations to the base station control center, simplifying network O&M.
Private line
1. Implements L2 aggregation at the edge and direct connection to the BNG.
2. The network is more flat and easy to expand. L2
6
VC12
L3
L2
VC4
STM-N
1. FE private lines based on VC bearing are more secure. 2. GE/10GE private lines are more flexible and efficient. GE
VC12/3/4 VC4-4C/8C/16C/64C
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• DC: data center • GSM-R: Global System for Mobile Communications - Railway • BSC: base station controller • BNG: broadband network gateway
BSC
Definition of SDH Synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH)
⚫
SDH is a complete standard digital signal hierarchy that provides synchronous digital transmission, multiplexing, and cross-connection. PDH/ATM/IP Packing
SDH network
Package
Multiplexing
Package
Demultiplexing
Unpacking
PDH/ATM/IP
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• Technical background of SDH:
▫ Optical fiber communication with inexpensive bandwidth features has become the mainstream transmission method for communications networks. ▫ The legacy PDH network cannot adapt to development of modern communications networks. • Limitations of PDH: ▫ Interface standards: ▪ Standards for electrical interfaces are regional not worldwide. There are European series, North American series, and Japan series definitions of PDH signal rate levels. They use different frame structures and multiplexing modes, which hinder interconnection. ▪ Worldwide standards for optical ports are absent. Vendors develop their own line modulation formats for devices to monitor transmission performances on the optical links. The modulation format and rate of optical interfaces of different vendors at the same rate are different. As a result, devices of different vendors cannot be horizontally compatible.
▫ Multiplexing mode: Low-rate signals are multiplexed into or demultiplexed from high-rate signals level by level, which damages the signals and degrades transmission performance. ▫ Operation and maintenance: PDH signal frames do not have overheads for better OAM functions such as layered management, performance monitoring, real-time service scheduling, bandwidth control, and alarm cause identification. ▫ Lack of a unified NMS interface: It is difficult to form a unified telecom management network.
Characteristics of SDH ◆Byte-interleaved synchronous multiplexing is implemented.
◆STM-N rate is N times of STM-1 rate (N = 4n: 1, 4, 16, 64, or 256). ◆Optical interfaces use the scrambled NRZ code.
◆Many overheads are used for OAM.
Interfaces
Multiplexing mode
OAM functions
Compatibility
◆OAM functions are powerful. This is the reason why redundant codes do not need to be added for line codes.
8
◆The mapping structure is flexible.
◆Whether devices in an old system can be reused. ◆Whether devices can be connected to a new system.
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• The STM-1 rate is 155.520 Mbit/s.
• STM-N rate is N times of STM-1 rate (N = 4n: 1, 4, 16, 64, or 256). • Optical interfaces use the scrambled non-return-to-zero (NRZ) code according to international standards.
Contents 1. SDH Overview 2. SDH Frame Structure and Multiplexing Procedure
3. Overheads and Pointers 4. Logical Functional Modules
5. Application of SDH Trail Layers and Overheads 6. PCM Technology
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Frame Structure 9 x 270 x N bytes
270 x N columns (byte) (90 columns for STM-0) 9×N (3 for STM-0)
261×N (87 for STM-0)
1 Section overhead RSOH 3 4 5
AU-PTR
STM-N payload (including POH)
9 rows
Section overhead MSOH 9 10
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• A rectangular block frame with 8 bits as a unit. The frame rate is 8000 frames/s, and the frame period is 125 μs. The frame is transmitted row by row. • Payload: ▫ Carries service data in an STM-N frame. ▫ A path overhead (POH) is added with data blocks as part of the overhead to detect damage to service data (low-rate signals) during transmission. That is, it performs real-time performance monitoring, management, and control over low-rate signals. • Section overhead (SOH):
▫ Bytes used for operation, administration, and maintenance (OAM) to ensure proper and flexible transmission of payload data. ▫ Monitors the STM-N signal flow.
• Administration unit pointer (AU-PTR): ▫ It is used to locate low-rate signals in an STM-N frame (payload), that is, to make the position of the low-rate signals predictable. ▫ For low-rate signals such as E1 and E3, a two-level pointer is required. A TU-PTR locates a small-sized package in a medium-sized package. An AUPTR locates a medium-sized package in a large-sized package. • STM-0 is an information structure used to support the section-layer connection in SDH. Its rate is 51.84 Mbit/s, which is the SDH (SONET) equivalent of OC-1.
Payload and Section Overhead POH
Low-rate signal
Package
Packing and locating
Packing
Low-rate signal
270
1
RSOH AU STM-N pointer payload area (including POH)
Package
MSOH
Packing and locating 2430
Packing
RSOH AU-PTR
MSOH 9
POH 11
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• Payload: carries service data in an STM-N frame. ▫ A payload contains encapsulated PDH signals (for example, 2 Mbit/s, 34 Mbit/s, and 140 Mbit/s), ATM signals, and IP packets. It is carried by an STM-N signal and transmitted over the SDH network. Comparing an STMN frame to a truck, the payloads are carriages. ▫ A POH is added when low-rate signals are encapsulated to monitor goods during transportation. • SOH: monitors STM-N signal flows. This means, section overheads monitor all goods packed in an STM-N carriage. ▫ Regenerator section overhead (RSOH): monitors the overall STM-N information structure. ▫ Multiplex section overhead (MSOH): monitors the multiplex section layer information structure in STM-N. ▫ RSOH, MSOH, and POH form a layered monitoring system for SDH transmission.
AU-PTR & TU-PTR Transmit end: AU-PTR positions the first information package in a carriage.
TU-PTR Lower-order positioning
Receive end: Find the information package according to the received AU-PTR value, and then position other information packages according to the regularity of byte interleaving.
AU-PTR Higher-order positioning
2M
34M
12
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• AU-PTR: ▫ It is used to locate low-rate signals in an STM-N frame (payload), that is, to make the position of the low-rate signals predictable.
▫ When packing the signal into an STM-N payload, the transmit end adds AU-PTR to indicate the position of the signal package in the payload. This is, the goods package to be loaded into the carriage is given a position coordinate value. ▫ The receive end splits the required low-rate tributary signal from the STMN frame payload according to the AU pointer value. That is, according to the position coordinates of the goods package, the required package is directly obtained from the carriage. ▫ Because the goods package in the carriage is placed according to a certain rule—byte-interleaved multiplexing, only the first goods package in the carriage needs to be located. • Tributary unit pointer (TU-PTR):
▫ For low-rate signals such as 2M and 34M, the package after packing is too small, and therefore two-level pointer positioning is required. A TU-PTR locates a small-sized package in a medium-sized package. An AU-PTR locates a medium-sized package in a large-sized package.
Multiplexing Procedure (Multiplexing Mode and Structure) ⚫
Lower-order SDH -> Higher-order SDH: byte-interleaved synchronous multiplexing
⚫
PDH signal -> STM-N: synchronous multiplexing and flexible mapping
⚫
140M -> STM-N
34M -> STM-N
2M -> STM-N
Multiplexing proceeds according to a specific multiplexing roadmap selected by a
country or region from several roadmaps specified by ITU-T.
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• What is byte-interleaved multiplexing? • Let's take an example. There are three signals, and each frame has three bytes.
A1
C
B
A A2
A3
B1
B2
C1
B3
C2
C3
• If the three signals are multiplexed into signal D in byte-interleaved multiplexing mode, D is a frame structure with nine bytes. The following figure shows the sequence of the nine bytes. A1
B1
C1
A2
B2
C2
A3
• This multiplexing mode is byte-interleaved multiplexing.
B3
C3
Basic Multiplexing and Mapping Structure of SDH X1 STM-N
XN
AUG-N
X1 AUG-1
AU-4
VC-4
C-4
E4=139264 kbit/s
X3
TUG-3
TU-3
VC-3
C-3
T3=44736 kbit/s E3=34368 kbit/s
X7 Mapping Positioning Multiplexing
TUG-2
TU-12
VC-12
C-12
X3 E1=2048 kbit/s
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• G.707 – VC type and capacity VC Type
VC Bandwidth
VC Payload
VC-11
1664 kbit/s
1600 kbit/s
VC-12
2240 kbit/s
2176 kbit/s
VC-2
6848 kbit/s
6784 kbit/s
VC-3
48 960 kbit/s
48 384 kbit/s
VC-4
150 3 36 kbit/s
149 760 kbit/s
VC-4-4c
601 344 kbit/s
599 040 kbit/s
VC-4-16c
2 405 376 kbit/s
2 396 160 kbit/s
VC-4-64c
9 621 504 kbit/s
9 584 640 kbit/s
VC-4-256c
38 486 016 kbit/s
38 338 560 kbit/s
Multiplexing Procedure of 140M 1 Rate adaptation /Packing
140M
1
Add POH monitoring./ Packing
C-4
POH
VC-4
9 1
125 μs
1
260
125 μs
270
10
9
270
1 1
RSOH
9
1 Pointer positioning
261
AU-PTR
AU-4
Add a section overhead.
AU-PTR
Payload
MSOH
9
15
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• C-4: container 4. It is the standard information structure corresponding to 140M and implements the rate adaptation function. • VC-4: virtual container 4. It is the standard information structure corresponding to C-4 and monitors the performance of the loaded 140 Mbit/s signals in real time. • AU-4: administration unit 4. It is the information structure corresponding to VC-4. • Multiplexing path: 140M -> C-4 -> VC-4 -> AU-4 -> STM-1. Therefore, STM-1 signals can be multiplexed into only one 140 Mbit/s signal.
Multiplexing Procedure of 34M 1
1 34M
Rate adaptation /Packing
Add POH monitoring./Packing
C-3
POH
VC-3
9
9
1
1
1
TU-3
1
Padding
9 16
1
84
86
H1 H2 H3 Level 1 pointer positioning
125 μs
9
125 μs
R
×3
TUG-3
85
1
86 H1 H2 H3
261
1
Byte interleaving
1
POH R
R
VC-4
9
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• C-3: container 3. It is the standard information structure corresponding to 34M and implements rate adaptation. • VC-3: virtual container 3. It is the standard information structure corresponding to C-3 and monitors the performance of the loaded 34 Mbit/s signals in real time. • TU-3: tributary unit 3. It is the standard information structure corresponding to VC-3 and implements level-1 pointer positioning. • TUG-3: tributary unit group 3. It is the standard information structure corresponding to TU-3. • Multiplexing path: 34M -> C-3 -> VC-3 -> TU-3 -> TUG-3; three TUG-3s -> VC-4 > STM-1. Therefore, one STM-1 signal supports only the multiplexing of only three 34 Mbit/s signals.
Multiplexing Procedure of 2M 125 μs Basic frame 1
Rate
2M adaptation
POH
4
1
1 Add POH monitoring.
C-12
4
Level-1 pointer positioning
VC-12
9
×3 Byte interleaving
TUG-2
4 1
TU-12
9
12 ×7 1
1
1
1
Byte interleaving
9
1 R
86
R
TUG-3
9
17
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• C-12: container 12. It is the standard information structure corresponding to 2M and implements rate adaptation. Four basic frames form a multiframe. • VC-12: virtual container 12. It is a standard information structure corresponding to 2M and monitors a 2M signal in real time. • TU-12: tributary unit 12. It is the standard information structure corresponding to VC-12 and locates the first-level pointer of the VC-12. • TUG-2: tributary unit group 2; TUG-3: tributary unit group 3. • Multiplexing path: 2M -> C-12 -> VC-12 -> TU-12; three TU-12s -> TUG-2; seven TUG-2s -> TUG-3; three TUG-3s -> VC-4 -> STM-1. • One STM-1 can carry 63 (3 x 7 x 3) 2M signals. The 2M multiplexing structure is "3-7-3".
Multiframe ⚫
Multiframe
1#
STM-1
Four C-12 basic frames form a multiframe.
2#
STM-1
The basic frame and multiframe are loaded
3#
STM-1
with the same 2 Mbit/s signal.
4#
STM-1
The basic frame is loaded with information
SDH multiplexer
about the 125 µs time segment of 2 Mbit/s
...
signals, and the multiframe is loaded with
information about the 500 µs time segment of 2 Mbit/s signals.
C-12 C-12 C-12 C-12
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63 x 2 Mbit/s 1#
2# 3# 4#
Quiz 1. (Single-answer question) The section overhead of STM-4 is ( ) bytes/frame? A. 9 rows x 9 columns x 4 B. 8 rows x 9 columns x 4 C. 9 rows x 9 columns D. 9 rows x 8 columns
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• Answer: B
Contents 1. SDH Overview 2. SDH Frame Structure and Multiplexing Procedure
3. Overheads and Pointers 4. Logical Functional Modules
5. Application of SDH Trail Layers and Overheads 6. PCM Technology
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Overheads ⚫
RSOH, MSOH, HPOH, and LPOH implement monitoring functions in the descending order of monitoring scope.
Section overhead (SOH)
Regenerator section overhead (RSOH) Multiplex section overhead (MSOH)
Overhead
Path overhead (POH)
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Higher-order path overhead (HPOH) Lower-order path overhead (LPOH)
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• The overhead function is used to monitor and manage SDH signals layer by layer. The monitoring can be classified into section-layer monitoring and path-layer monitoring. Section-layer monitoring is classified into regenerator section (RS) layer monitoring and multiplex section (MS) layer monitoring, and path-layer monitoring is classified into higher-order path layer monitoring and lower-order path layer monitoring. In this way, STM-N signals can be monitored layer by layer. For example, for the monitoring of a 2.5G system, RSOH monitors the entire STM-16 signal, MSOH monitors any of the 16 STM-1 signals in the STM-16, HPOH monitors VC-4 signals in each STM-1, and LPOH further monitors any of the 63 VC-12 signals. In this way, multi-layer monitoring is implemented from 2.5 Gbit/s to 2 Mbit/s.
Section Overhead (SOH) 9 columns
9 columns A1 A1
A1 A2
A2
A2
J0
*
270
*
△
E1 △
F1
RSOH
△
D2 △
D3
AU pointer
K1
K2
MSOH
D4
D5
D6
D7
D8
D9
D10
D11
△
D1 △
B1
AU PTR
9 rows B2
B2
B2
S1
D12
Payload (including POH)
2430
270 columns
M1 E 2
Byte reserved for national use *
Unscrambled byte
△ Transmission medium indication byte 22
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• Section overhead (SOH) ▫ A1 and A2 are framing bytes. These bytes are used to separate STM-1 frames in a signal flow. ▫ J0 is a regenerator section trace byte. This byte is used to repeatedly transmit a section access point identifier, so that the receive end can verify its continuous connection to the specified transmit end. ▫ B1 is bit interleaved parity-8 (BIP-8). This byte is used to monitor bit errors at the regenerator section layer. ▫ E1 and E2 are orderwire bytes. These bytes are used to provide a voice channel for orderwire connections. ▫ F1 is a user channel byte. ▫ Bytes D1 to D12 are data communication channel (DDC) bytes for OAM message transmission. ▫ B2 is a bit interleaved parity check N x 24 (BIP-N x 24) byte, used for monitoring bit errors at the multiplex section layer. ▫ K1 and K2 (b1 to b5) are automatic protection switching (APS) channel bytes. These bytes are used to transmit APS signaling. ▫ K2 (b6 to b8) is a multiplex section remote defect indication (MS-RDI) byte. This byte is sent back by a receive end (sink) to a transmit end (source), indicating the receive end has detected a defect or received a multiplex section alarm indication signal. ▫ M1 is a multiplex section remote error indication (MS-REI) byte. It is returned by the receive end to the transmit end to transmit the number of errored blocks detected by BIP-N x 24 (B2) at the receive end. Based on this number, the transmit end learns the bit errors received at the receive end. ▫ S1 (b5 to b8) is a synchronization status byte. This byte is used to transport synchronization status messages (SSMs).
A1 and A2 ⚫
Framing bytes: A1, A2
Searches for the frame header of a continuous signal flow.
A1 = f6H, A2 = 28H Continuous signal flow STM-N
Search for A1 and A2.
23
STM-N
No A1 or A2 is found in five consecutive frames.
STM-N
Generate
STM-N
R-OOF
STM-N
Last for 3 ms.
STM-N
R-LOF
Insert all 1s.
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• The receive end locates and separates STM-N frames from the information flow through A1 and A2, and then locates a low-rate signal in the frame through the pointer to find the frame header of the continuous signal flow.
• A1 and A2 have fixed values, which are fixed bit patterns. A1: 11110110 (f6H); A2: 00101000 (28H). At the receive end, each byte in the signal flow is detected. When 3N consecutive f6H bytes and 3N consecutive 28H bytes are detected (there are three A1 bytes and three A2 bytes in an STM-1 frame), it is determined that an STM-N frame is received. At the receive end, different STM-N frames are distinguished by locating the start point of each STM-N frame to separate different frames. When N is 1, STM-1 frames are distinguished.
D1 to D12 ⚫
Data communication channel (DCC) bytes: D1 to D12
Provides OAM communication channels between the NMS and NEs and between different NEs.
Bytes D1 to D3 are used for DCCR, and the bandwidth is 3 x 64 kbit/s.
Bytes D4 to D12 are used for DCCM, and the bandwidth is 9 x 64 kbit/s. NMS
Gateway NE
NE
NE
NE
DCC channel OAM information: performance monitoring, alarm query, and operation commands 24
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• The NMS and gateway NE (GNE) are connected through Ethernet cables and communicate with each other over the TCP/IP protocol. NEs are connected through optical fibers and communicate with each other over the ECC protocol or DCC channel. • The D1 to D12 bytes provide the general data communication channel that can be accessed by all SDH NEs. As the physical layer of the embedded control channel (ECC), this channel transmits operation, administration and maintenance (OAM) information between NEs to form the transmission channel of an SDH management network (SMN).
B1 ⚫
Regenerator section bit error monitoring byte: B1
Monitors the regenerator section signal flow in BIP8 even parity check mode.
If the receive end detects B1 block errors, it reports the RS-BBE performance event.
BIP-8
A1 A2 A3 A4
00110011 11001100 10101010 00001111
B 01011010
25
1#STM-N 2#STM-N
Obtains the result (B) of the BIP-8 even parity check. Places B in the B1 byte of frame 2#.
1#STM-N
Obtains the result (B') of the BIP-8 even parity check. Performs the logical operation exclusive OR between the check result (B) and the B1 byte in frame 2#.
2#STM-N
Huawei Confidential
• Regenerator section bit error monitoring byte B1: Monitors the regenerator section signal flow in BIP8 even parity check mode. ▫ Mechanism of the BIP8 even parity check: Check the corresponding bit column (bit block) in the unit of 8 bits (one byte). If the number of column 1 is even, the check result is 0. If the number of column 1 is odd, the check result is 1. • The working mechanism of the B1 byte is described as follows: ▫ The transmit end performs a BIP-8 even parity check for the last scrambled frame (1#STM-N), and places the check result in the B1 byte of the current frame (2#STM-N).
▫ The receive end performs a BIP-8 even parity check for the current unscrambled frame (1#STM-N), and performs the logical operation exclusive OR between the check result (B1') and the B1 byte in the next scrambled frame (2#STM-N). ▫ If the obtained value is 0, no block error is generated. If the obtained value is 1, the number of 1s indicates the number of block errors. ▫ If the receive end detects B1 block errors, it reports the RS-BBE performance event.
B2 ⚫
Multiplex section bit error monitoring byte: B2
Monitors the multiplex section signal flow in BIP24 even parity check mode.
If the receive end detects B2 block errors, it reports the MS-BBE performance event.
Returns the M1 byte.
The transmit end reports the MS-REI alarm and MS-FEBBE performance event.
26
The receive end detects B2 error blocks and reports the MS-BBE performance event.
Huawei Confidential
• Multiplex section bit error monitoring byte B2: Monitors the multiplex section signal flow in BIP24 even parity check mode. ▫ Mechanism of the BIP24 even parity check: In the unit of 24 bits (three bytes; each STM-1 frame has three B2 bytes), the corresponding bit column (bit block) is checked, as shown in the following figure. Example: One frame of a signal has nine bytes. The BIP24 even parity check is performed on the signal, as shown in this figure.
11001100 11001100 11001100 BIP24
01011101 01011101 01011101 11110000 11110000 11110000 01100001 01100001 01100001
• Working mechanism of the B2 byte: ▫ The transmit end performs a BIP-24 even parity check for all the bytes but the RSOH in the last unscrambled frame, and places the check result in the three consecutive B2 bytes of the current frame. ▫ The receive end performs a BIP-24 even parity check for all the bytes except the RSOH in the current scrambled frame, and performs the logical operation exclusive OR between the check result (B2';) and the B2 byte in the next scrambled frame. ▫ If the obtained value is 0, no block error is generated. ▫ If the obtained value is 1, the number of 1s indicates the number of block errors.
▫ If the receive end detects B2 block errors, it reports the MS-BBE performance event.
M1 ⚫
Remote error block indication byte of the multiplex section: M1
Returns information from the sink to the source.
Informs the transmit end of the number of B2 error blocks received at the receive end and reporting the MS-FEBBE performance event.
At the same time, the MS-REI alarm is reported at the transmit end.
Returns the M1 byte. The transmit end reports the MS-REI alarm and MS-FEBBE performance event.
27
The receive end detects B2 error blocks and reports the MS-BBE performance event.
Huawei Confidential
• The M1 byte is used to transmit the number of errored blocks detected by BIP-N x 24 (B2) at the receive end. Based on this number, the transmit end learns the bit errors received at the receive end.
• For STM-0/1, the value range is (0, 24). For STM-4, the value range is (0, 96). For STM-16, the value range is (0, 255). For the signals with higher rates, the M0 and M1 bytes are used for counting. For STM-64, the value range is (0, 1536). For STM-256, the value range is (0, 6144).
E1, E2 ⚫
Orderwire bytes: E1 and E2
Implements orderwire communication when fibers are connected but services are unavailable or when services are available.
Provides one 64 kbit/s digital telephone channel.
The E1 byte is used for orderwire communication on the RS.
The E2 byte is used for orderwire communication on the MS.
TM
28
REG
REG
TM
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• E1 bytes are used as orderwire bytes to implement the orderwire communication between NEs A, B, C, and D. Because the terminal multiplexer (TM) multiplexes RSOH and MSOH, the regenerator REG regenerates signals and processes only the RSOH. Therefore, the E1 bytes enable the orderwire communication between NEs A, B, C, and D. • If only the E2 byte is used as the orderwire byte, only NEs A and D can communicate with each other, because NEs B and C do not process the MSOH or E2 byte.
K1 and K2 ⚫
⚫
Automatic protection switching (APS) channel bytes: K1 and K2 (b1 to b5)
Transmits APS signaling, enabling network self-healing.
Applies to MSP switching.
K2 (b6 to b8): Indicates the multiplex section alarm.
The transmit end detects that the value of K2 (b6 to b8) is 110 and reports the MS_RDI alarm locally.
29
Returns the K2 (b6 to b8) byte.
The receive end detects that the value of K2 (b6 to b8) is 111 and reports the MS-AIS alarm locally.
Huawei Confidential
• The K2 (b6 to b8) byte can be used to indicate the multiplex section alarm. ▫ b6 to b8 = 111: The local end generates the MS-AIS alarm when the received multiplex section signal is all 1s.
▫ b6 to b8 = 110: MS-RDI is received, indicating that the received signals at the opposite end are invalid (such as R-LOS, R-LOF, and MS-AIS).
S1 ⚫
Synchronization status byte: S1 (b5 to b8)
Transmits synchronization status message (SSM) for clock protection switching.
The S1 byte indicates the quality information of the clock synchronization source. A smaller value indicates a higher clock quality.
30
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• In an SDH optical transmission system, the S1 byte is used to transmit the quality and usage information of clock sources. By using the byte information, the synchronization timing unit can implement automatic switching protection on clock sources. The following table lists the information codes of the S1 byte (b5 to b8). S1 (b5-b8)
S1 Byte
SDH Synchronization Quality Level
0000
0x00
Unknown synchronization quality (existing synchronous network)
0001
0x01
Reserved
0010
0x02
G.811-recommended clock signal
0011
0x03
Reserved
0100
0x04
G.812-recommended transit clock signal
0101
0x04
Reserved
0110
0x06
Reserved
0111
0x07
Reserved
1000
0x08
G.812-recommended local clock signal
1001
0x09
Reserved
1010
0x0A
Reserved
1011
0x0B
SDH equipment timing source (SETS) signal
1100
0x0C
Reserved
1101
0x0D
Reserved
1110
0x0E
Reserved
1111
0x0F
Not used for synchronization
Higher-Order Path Overhead (HPOH)
B3: path BIP-8 byte C2: signal label byte
G1: path status byte F2 and F3: path user channel bytes H4: tributary unit (TU) position indication byte K3 (b1 to b4): APS channel byte K3 (b5 to b8): reserved bits N1: network operator byte
31
J1 B3 C2 G1 F2 H4 F3 K3
1
261
POH
J1: path trace byte
9
VC-4/VC-3
N1
Huawei Confidential
• VC-4/VC-3 HPOH ▫ J1: path trace byte ▫ B3: path BIP-8 byte ▫ C2: signal label byte ▫ G1: path status byte ▫ F2 and F3: path user channel bytes. These bytes are used to provide (payload-related) orderwire communications between paths
▫ H4: tributary unit (TU) position indication byte ▫ K3 (b1 to b4): APS channel byte
▫ K3 (b5 to b8): reserved byte ▫ N1: network operator byte. This byte is used for a specified management
purpose
J1 ⚫
Path trace byte: J1
Indicates the first byte of VC-4, which is the byte specified by AU-PTR.
The transmit end continuously sends this byte, which is the higher-order path access point identifier, so that the receive end can confirm the continuous connection to the specified transmit end.
The J1 byte to be transmitted must match the J1 byte to be received. That is, the actual value received by the device is the same as the expected value.
When J1 mismatch is detected at the receive end, the corresponding VC-4 path will generate the HP-TIM alarm.
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• When J1 byte mismatch occurs, an HP_TIM alarm is generated. In this case, services are interrupted. The processing mechanisms of different devices are different.
• The default J1 byte value of Huawei SDH equipment is Huawei SBS. • During network application in China, the channel access point identifier may be a 16-byte E.164 numbering format or a 64-byte free format code stream recommended by the CCITT. If the 16-byte format is transferred to the area with the 64-byte format for transmission, the 16-byte format will be repeated four times. • The 16-byte frame (that is, the path trace identification multiplexing frame PT) that transmits the E.164 number contains 16 J1 bytes, which have the same coding method as that of J0 bytes.
B3 ⚫
Higher-order path bit error monitoring byte: B3
Monitors the bit error performance of higher-order VCs.
The monitoring mode is BIP-8 even parity check, which has a similar mechanism with B1 and B2.
If the receive end detects B3 block errors in the VC paths, it reports the higher-order path background block error (HP-BBE) performance event in the associated path.
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• The B3 byte is used to monitor the bit error performance of VC-4 transmission in STM-N frames. The monitoring mechanism of B3 is similar to those of B1 and B2. However, B3 performs the BIP-8 check on VC-4 frames.
• If errored blocks are detected at the receive end, the HP-BBE performance monitoring event at the local end indicates the number of errored blocks, and the higher-order path remote error indication (HP-REI) performance monitoring event of the corresponding VC-4 path at the transmit end indicates the number of errored blocks received by the receive end. • When the number of bit errors at the receive end exceeds a certain limit, the device reports an alarm indicating that bit errors exceed the threshold (B3-OVER).
C2 ⚫
Signal label byte: C2
Indicates the multiplexing structure of VC frames and the nature of information payload.
The C2 byte to be transmitted must match the C2 byte to be received. If a C2 mismatch is detected, the corresponding VC-4 path at the local end will report an HP_SLM alarm and may insert all 1s into the lower-level information structure TUG3/C-4.
C2=00H indicates that the VC-4 path is not loaded. The local end reports an HP-UNEQ alarm and may insert all 1s into the lower-level information structure C-4.
34
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• C2 is a signal label byte. This byte is used to indicate the multiplexing structure of VC frames and the payload property. The C2 byte to be sent must match the C2 byte to be received. When a C2 mismatch is detected, the corresponding VC-4 path at the local end generates an HP_SLM alarm. • Mapping between the service types and values of the C2 byte Service Type
Parameter Setting of the C2 Byte (Hexadecimal)
TUG structure
02
34M/45M asynchronously mapped into a C-3
04
140M asynchronously mapped into a C-4
12
Not loaded
00
G1 ⚫
Path status byte: G1
Returns information from the sink to the source.
b1 to b4: Return the number of bit error blocks detected by B3. The transmit end reports the HP-
FEBBE performance event and the HP-REI alarm.
b5: When the receive end detects AU-AIS, J1/C2 mismatch, and VC-4 unloading, it returns b5 in the
corresponding VC-4 path. Then, the HP-RDI alarm is reported at the transmit end.
Returns the G1 byte. b1 to b4: The transmit end reports the HP-REI alarm and the HP-FEBBE performance event. b5: The transmit end reports the HP-RDI alarm. 35
The receive end detects HP-BBE and AU-AIS/HP-TIM/HP-SLM/HP-UNEQ
Huawei Confidential
• b6 to b8 of the G1 byte are not used temporarily. The value range of b1 to b4 in the G1 byte is 0 to 15. However, B3 can only detect a maximum of eight error blocks in a frame. That is, values 0 to 8 of b1 to b4 in the G1 byte indicate that only 0 to 8 error blocks are detected, and the other seven values (9 to 15) are considered as error-free blocks. • The HP-RDI alarm is reported when the AIS alarm indication signal or AUAIS/HP-TIM/HP-SLM/HP-UNEQ alarm is generated.
H4 ⚫
TU position indication byte: H4
Indicates the multiframe type of the effective payload and the payload position.
When PDH signals are multiplexed into SDH signals, the H4 byte is valid only for 2 Mbit/s signals. It indicates the sequence number of the current base frame in a multiframe, so that the receive end can find the TU-PTR and split the 2 Mbit/s signal.
The H4 value ranges from 00H to 03H.
If the H4 byte received by the receive end exceeds this range or is not the expected value,
the receive end generates the HP-LOM (multiframe loss) alarm in the corresponding path and inserts all 1s into the lower-level information structure of the corresponding path.
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Lower-Order Path Overhead (LPOH) V5 byte
BIP-2
1 1 V5
REI
RFI
Single label
RDI
4 J2
VC-12
N2
VC-12
K4
VC-12
VC-12
9 500 μs VC-12 multiframe
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• LPOH
▫
V5: path status and signal label byte
▫
J2: VC-12 path trace byte. This byte is used to repeatedly transmit a lower-order path access point identifier so that a sink can verify its continuous connection to a source on a path. A 16-byte frame is defined in international specifications to transmit access path identifiers with the frame format identical to that of the J0 byte.
▫
N2: network operator byte. This byte is used for a specified management purpose. For example, it can provide tandem connection monitor (TCM) for lower-order paths, which is similar to the function of N1 bytes on higher-order path overheads.
▫
K4: b1 to b4 are used to transmit the lower-order path APS protocol. b5 to b7 are used to transmit the enhanced RDI on lower-order paths, and b8 is reserved.
• V5: path status and signal label byte (similar to G1 or C2 byte). It is the first byte located by a TU-PTR in a multiframe and performs VC-12 bit error monitoring, VC-12 remote fault and defect indication, and signal labeling. ▫
b1 to b2: allocated for lower-order path background block error (LP-BBE) monitoring using the BIP-2 scheme
▫
b3: lower-order path remote error indication (LP-REI)
▫
b4: lower-order path remote failure indication (LP-RFI). This bit is set to 1 if a failure is declared. For V5 bytes in VC-12 and VC-2, this bit has not been defined.
▫
b5 to b7: signal label indicating path information. For example, it indicates whether the path is loaded. If yes, it indicates the used mapping mode. If b5 to b7 are set to 000, an LP-UNEQ alarm will be reported on the associated path.
▫
b8: used to return an LP-RDI alarm signal to the source with the bit value being set to 1 when the local end receives a TU-AIS, an LP-TIM, or an LP-SLM signal.
Pointer
Pointer
AU-PTR TU-PTR
Administration unit pointer (AU-PTR) is used to indicate the position of a VC-4 in an AU-4.
Tributary unit pointer (TU-PTR) is used to indicate the position of a VC-12 in a TU-12. Together with the framing bytes A1 and A2, pointers are used to directly drop low-speed signals from high-speed STM-N signals. 38
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• The pointer is used for positioning and indicates the start position of VC-n in the corresponding AU or TU frame. In this way, the receive end can correctly remove the corresponding VC from the STM-N, and then split the VC and C encapsulation to separate low-rate signals, such as PDH. That is, low-rate tributary signals can be directly dropped from the STM-N signal. ▫ Administration unit pointer (AU-PTR) is used to indicate the position of a VC-4 in an AU-4. ▫ Tributary unit pointer (TU-PTR) is used to indicate the position of a VC-12 in a TU-12. ▫ Together with the framing bytes A1 and A2, pointers are used to directly drop low-speed signals from high-speed STM-N signals. • When the network is in the synchronous working state, the pointer is used to calibrate the phases between synchronization signals.
• When network synchronization fails, the pointer is used for frequency and phase calibration. • When the network works asynchronously, the pointer is used for frequency tracking calibration. • The pointer can also be used to accommodate the frequency jitter and drifting in the network.
Quiz 1. (Single-answer question) Which of the following bytes is used for bit error monitoring in a higher-order path? A. B2 B. B3 C. B1
D. V5
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• Answer: B
Contents 1. SDH Overview 2. SDH Frame Structure and Multiplexing Procedure
3. Overheads and Pointers 4. Logical Functional Modules
5. Application of SDH Trail Layers and Overheads 6. PCM Technology
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Typical Functional Modules of a TM Device TTF
w STM
A
B
SPI
C
RST
MST
D
E
MSP
F
MSA
HOI 140 Mbit/s
G.703
M
L
PPI
G
LPA
LOI 2 Mbit/s 34 Mbit/s
G.703
K
PPI
J
HPT
F
HOA I
LPA
LPT
H
LPC
H
HPA
G
F
HPT
Note: 2 Mbit/s is used as an example. SEMF OHA
OHA interface
P D4—D12 SETS
41
HPC
MCF N D1—D3 SETPI
Q interface F interface
External synchronization
Huawei Confidential
• Names of all functional modules SPI: SDH physical interface
TTF: transport terminal function
RST: regenerator section terminal
HOI: higher-order interface
MST: multiplex section terminal
LOI: lower-order interface
MSP: multiplex section protection
HOA: high-order assembler
MSA: multiplex section adaptation
HPC: higher-order path connection
PPI: PDH physical interface
OHA: overhead access
LPA: lower-order path adaptation
SEMF: synchronous equipment management
LPT: lower-order path terminal
MCF: message communication function
LPC: lower-order path connection
SETS: synchronous equipment timing source
HPA: higher-order path adaptation
SETPI: synchronous equipment timing physical interface
HPT: higher-order path terminal
• The preceding figure shows the functional block diagram of a TM. The signal flow is as follows: An STM-N signal on the line enters a device at the reference
point A of the device. After traversing the A→B→C→D→E→F→G→L→M path, the signal is split into 140 Mbit/s PDH signals. After traversing the A→B→C→D→E→F→G→H→I→J→K path, the signal is split into 2 Mbit/s or 34 Mbit/s PDH signals (2 Mbit/s signal is used as an example here). This direction is defined as the receive direction of the device. In the opposite direction, 140 Mbit/s, 34 Mbit/s, and 2 Mbit/s PDH signals are multiplexed into STM-N signal frames on the line along the reverse direction of the two paths. The functions of the device are implemented by all basic functional modules together.
Functional Modules of a Higher-Order Signal Flow TTF
w STM
SDH physical interface
42
A
SPI
B
Regenerator section terminal
RST
C
MST
Multiplex section terminal
D
MSP
E
MSA
Multiplex section protection
F
Multiplex section adaptation
Huawei Confidential
• SPI: SDH physical interface functional module. SPI is the interface between the device and the optical path. It performs the O/E conversion and E/O conversion, extracts line timing, and detects corresponding alarms. • RST: regenerator section terminal functional module. RST is the source and sink of the RSOH. That is, the RST functional module generates the RSOH (in the transmit direction) when constituting the SDH frame signal, and processes (terminates) the RSOH in the reverse direction (in the receive direction).
• MST: multiplex section terminal functional module. MST is the source and sink of the MSOH. That is, the MST functional module generates the MSOH in the transmit direction and processes (terminates) the MSOH in the receive direction. • MSP: multiplex section protection functional module. MSP is used to protect STM-N signals in the multiplex section and prevent channel-associated faults. By monitoring STM-N signals and evaluating system status, the MSP functional module switches the signals on the faulty channel to the protection channel (multiplex section switching). According to ITU-T recommendations, the protection switching time must be within 50 ms. • MSA: multiplex section adaptation functional module. MSA processes and generates the AU-PTR, and assembles or disassembles the entire STM-N frame. That is, it assembles or disassembles AUGs into VC-4s.
Functional Modules of a Lower-Order Signal Flow (140M) SPI
RST
MST
MS
HOI 140 Mbit/s
G.703
M
PPI
L
LPA
LOI
PDH physical interface
43
Lower-order path adaptation
G
HPT
F
HPC
HOA
Higher-order path terminal
Higher-order path connection
Huawei Confidential
• PPI: PDH physical interface functional module. PPI functions as the interface between the PDH device and the physical transmission medium that carries tributary signals. The PPI functional module performs modulation format conversion and extracts tributary timing signals.
• LPA: lower-order path adaptation functional module. LPA is used to adapt PDH signals into C signals through mapping and demapping, or to demap C signals into PDH signals. That is, the LPA functional module encapsulates/decapsulates PDH signals into/from C4 containers. It is equivalent to the process of packing/unpacking goods: 140 Mbit/s C-12. • HPT: higher-order path terminal functional module. The signals output from the HPC are divided into two types of routes. On one type of routes, signals enter the HOI composite functional module, and the 140 Mbit/s PDH signals are output. On the other type of routes, signals enter the HOA composite functional module and pass through the LOI composite functional module, and finally the 2 Mbit/s PDH signals are output. No matter which route is used, the HPT functional module is required. The HPT functions of the two types of routes are the same. • HPT is the source and sink of the higher-order POH. It is used to form and terminate higher-order virtual containers. • HPC: higher-order path connection functional module.
Functional Modules of a Lower-Order Signal Flow (2M/34M) HPC
PPI
LOI 2 Mbit/s 34 Mbit/s
G.703
K
PPI
J
LPA
HOA I
LPT
H
LPC
H
HPA
G
HPT
F
MCF
PDH physical interface
Lower-order path adaptation
Lower-order path terminal Higher-order path adaptation
44
Higher-order path terminal
Huawei Confidential
• PPI: PDH physical interface functional module. Like the preceding description, the PPI functional module mainly implements the interface function of modulation format conversion and extracts tributary timing signals for the system. • LPA: lower-order path adaptation functional module. Like the preceding description, the LPA functional module encapsulates/decapsulates the PDH signals (2 Mbit/s) into/from C-12 containers. It is equivalent to the process of packing/unpacking goods: 2 Mbit/s C-12. At this time, the signal at point J is actually the 2 Mbit/s PDH signal. • LPT: lower-order path terminal functional module. LPT is the source and sink of the lower-order POH. For the VC-12, the LPT functional module processes and generates the V5, J2, N2, and K4 POH bytes.
• LPC: lower-order path connection functional module. Similar to HPC, LPC is also a cross-connection matrix. However, LPC implements the cross-connect function for lower-order VCs (VC-12/VC-3) and flexible allocation and connection between lowerorder VCs. • To have all-level cross-connect capabilities, a device must have both HPC and LPC capabilities. For example, DXC4/1 can implement cross-connections at the VC-4, VC-3, and VC-12 levels. That is, DXC4/1 must contain the HPC and LPC functional modules. The signal flow is transparently transmitted at the LPC functional module. (Therefore, the reference points at both ends of the LPC are H.) • HPA: higher-order path adaptation functional module. In this case, the signal at point G is actually a C-4 signal formed by the TUG3 through byte interleaving, the TUG-3 is formed by the TUG-2 through byte interleaving, and the TUG-2 is formed by the TUG-12 through multiplexing, and the TU-12 consists of a VC-12 and a TU-PTR. The function of the HPA is similar to that of the MSA. The difference is that the HPA performs path-level TU-PTR processing/generation and splits/divides the C-4 information structure into TU-12s (for 2 Mbit/s signals).
Auxiliary Functional Modules
SEMF OHA
OHA interface
P D4—D12 SETS
OHA: overhead access
MCF
N D1—D3
Q interface F interface
SETPI
External synchronization
SEMF: synchronous equipment management SETPI: synchronous equipment timing physical interface SETS: synchronous equipment timing source
MCF: message communication function
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• OHA: overhead access functional module. OHA is used to extract/write the E1, E2, and F1 orderwire bytes from/into the RST and MST for processing. • SETS: synchronous equipment timing source functional module. Each digital network requires a timing clock to ensure network synchronization and the normal running of devices. The SETS functional module provides timing clock signals for the SDH NE and even the SDH system. • SETPI: synchronous equipment timing physical interface. It is the physical interface between the SETS functional module and the external clock source. The SETS functional module receives or provides external clock signals through this interface.
• SEMF: synchronous equipment management functional module. It is used to collect the status information of other functional modules and perform corresponding management operations. That is, the local site issues commands to each functional module, collects the alarms and performance events of each functional module, transmits OAM information to other NEs through DCCs, reports the alarms and performance data of devices to the network management terminal, and responds to the commands issued by the network management terminal. • MCF: message communication functional module. MCF is actually a communication interface between the SEMF and other functional modules and the network management terminal. Through MCF, SEMF performs message communication (F interface and Q interface) with the NMS, and exchanges OAM information with the DCCs on the RST and MST through the N interface and P interface respectively. In this way, OAM information can be exchanged between NEs.
Quiz 1. (Single-answer question) Which of the following logical functional modules generates the R-LOS alarm? A. SPI B. RST C. PPI
D. MST
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• Answer: A
Contents 1. SDH Overview 2. SDH Frame Structure and Multiplexing Procedure
3. Overheads and Pointers 4. Logical Functional Modules
5. Application of SDH Trail Layers and Overheads 6. PCM Technology
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SDH Trail Layers ⚫
Regenerator section (RS) and multiplex section (MS)
...
MST
RST
SPI
...
SPI
RST
MST
...
RS MS
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• A regenerator section (RS) refers to the maintenance section between the RSTs of two devices (including two RSTs and the optical cables between them). • A multiplex section refers to the maintenance section between the MSTs of two devices (including two MSTs and the optical cables between them).
• The RS processes only the RSOH of STM-N frames, and the MS processes both the RSOH and MSOH of STM-N frames.
SDH Network Trails VC-12
VC-12
VC-12 VC-4 VC-4
VC-4
MS
MS
RS
RS
STM-N
A
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STM-N
B
C
RS
RS
STM-N
STM-N
D
E
Process of Generating a TU-AIS Alarm R-LOS
MS-EXC B2-OVER
AU-LOP
R-LOF
MS-AIS
AU-AIS
HP-UNEQ
HP-TIM
HP-SLM
TU-AIS 50
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• TU-AIS is often encountered during network maintenance. By analyzing the TU-AIS alarm generation flowchart, you can easily locate the fault points and causes of TU-AIS and other related alarms. ▫
LOS: loss of signal. Because there is no input optical power or the input optical power is too low or too high, the BER is worse than 10 -3.
▫
LOF: loss of frame. The OOF lasts for more than 3 ms.
▫
MS-AIS: multiplex section alarm indication signal. More than three frames with the K2[6–8] value 111 are received.
▫
MS-EXC: The multiplex section has excessive bit errors, which are detected by the B2 byte.
▫
AU-AIS: administration unit alarm indication signal. The entire AU is all 1s (including the AU-PTR).
▫
AU-LOP: The AU pointer is lost. Eight consecutive frames with invalid pointers or NDF are received.
▫
HP-TIM: higher-order path trace identifier mismatch. The J1 byte to be received is inconsistent with the actually received J1 byte.
▫
HP-SLM: higher-order path signal identifier mismatch. The C2 byte to be received is inconsistent with the actually received C2 byte.
▫
HP-UNEQ: higher-order path unequipped. More than five frames with the C2 value 00H are received.
▫
TU-AIS: tributary unit alarm indication signal. The entire TU is all 1s (including the TU pointer).
• In the case of network maintenance, a common cause is TU-AIS. For example, if the service timeslot is incorrectly configured or the service timeslots of a path mismatch at the transmit and receive ends, the TU-AIS alarm will be reported.
Application of Bit Error Performance Monitoring During Maintenance LPT
HPT
MST
RST
RST
MST
HPT
LPT
B1 B2 B3 V5
⚫
Generally, higher-order bit errors can trigger lower-order bit errors. For example, if B1 bit errors occur, there are B2, B3, and V5 bit errors as well. However, lower-order bit errors are
not accompanied with higher-order bit errors. If there are V5 bit errors, B3, B2, and B1 bit errors will not occur.
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Application of the Alarm Check Function in Functional Modules RST "1" LOS/LOF (J0) RS-TIM BIP Err. (B1) MS-AIS (K2) MS-BIP Err. (B2) MS-REI (M1) MS-RDI (K2) (C2) (J1) (B3) (G1) (G1) (V1-V3)
(V5) (J2) (V5) (V5) (V5) (V5) 52
MST
MSA
HPT
HPA
LPT Indicates that the corresponding alarm or signal is generated.
AIS "1"
Indicates that the corresponding alarm is detected.
AIS
AU-AIS "1" AU-LOP HP-SLM HP-UNEQ HP-TIM HP-BIP Errr. HP-REI HP-RDI TU-AIS TU-LOP
"1" AIS
"1"
LP-UNEQ LP-TIM LP-BIP Err. LP-REI LP-RDI
"1" AIS
LP-SLM
"1"AIS
Huawei Confidential
• The preceding figure shows the detailed alarm generation flowchart of each functional module of an SDH device. You can view the alarm and performance event information generated by each functional module of the SDH device and the relationship between the alarms and performance events. • ITU-T recommendations define the meanings of alarm signals as follows: ▫
LOS: loss of signal. Because there is no input optical power or the input optical power is too low or too high, the BER is worse than 10 -3.
▫
OOF: out of frame. The time during which A1 and A2 bytes cannot be found exceeds 625 μs.
▫
LOF: loss of frame. The OOF lasts for more than 3 ms.
▫
RS-BBE: regenerator section background block error. The regenerator section STMN block error is detected in the B1 byte.
▫
MS-AIS: multiplex section alarm indication signal. More than three frames with the K2[6–8] value 111 are received.
▫
MS-RDI: multiplex section remote defect indication. It is sent back by the K2[6–8] when the MS-AIS or MS-EXC alarm is detected at the peer end.
▫
MS-REI: multiplex section remote error indication. The peer end sends back the number of multiplex section block errors detected by the B2 byte through the M1 byte.
▫
MS-BBE: multiplex section background block error, which is detected by the B2 byte
▫
MS-EXC: The multiplex section has excessive bit errors, which are detected by the B2 byte.
▫
AU-AIS: administration unit alarm indication signal. The entire AU is all 1s (including the AU-PTR).
Quiz 1. (Multiple-answer question) Which of the following causes can trigger the TU-AIS alarm? A. A higher-level alarm (for example, R-LOS) exists. B. The service configuration is incomplete. C. The service timeslot configuration is incorrect.
D. The peer device is powered off.
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• Answer: ABCD
Contents 1. SDH Overview 2. SDH Frame Structure and Multiplexing Procedure
3. Overheads and Pointers 4. Logical Functional Modules
5. Application of SDH Trail Layers and Overheads 6. PCM Technology
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Background of PCM ⚫
Before the invention of the telephone, people sent messages through mailmen.
⚫
In the middle of the 19th century, after the telephone came into being, people started to use metal wires to transmit analog signals to exchange information.
⚫
Since the middle of the 20th century, with the maturity of optical fiber technologies, people have realized the use of optical fibers to transmit digital signals for information exchange.
⚫
How are digital signals generated?
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• PCM: pulse code modulation
PCM Technology (1) ⚫
A new signal generated by sampling, quantizing, and encoding continuously changing analog signals is called a digital signal. Xs(nTs)
Xs(nTs)
5q
0
t Analog signal
57
4q 3q 2q q
0
t Sampling
0
t Quantizing
Encoding
Huawei Confidential
• In non-linear quantization from the magnitude of sampled input signals to quantized output data, two algorithms are available: ▫ A-law companding applies to the digital telephone communication (mainly in Europe and Chinese mainland). The related mathematical expressions are as follows: ▪ Y = (A x X)/(1 + lnA) (0 ≤ X≤ 1/A) ▪ Y = (1 + ln(A x X))/(1 + lnA) (1/A ≤ X ≤1) ▪ A-law uses 13-segment piecewire linear approximation (A = 87.6) for easy implementation on digital circuits.
▫ μ-law companding applies to digital telephone communication (mainly in North America and Japan). The related mathematical expression is as follows: Y = ln(1 + μ x X)/ln(1 + μ) (0 ≤ X ≤ 1) ▪ In voice signal encoding, μ usually takes the value 255 for a 24 dB improvement in quantization OSNR. • In the preceding mathematical expression, "X" represents the normalized value of an input signal, and "Y" represents the signal after companding.
PCM Technology (2) ⚫
Concept: Pulse Code Modulation
⚫
Principle: In an optical fiber communications system, optical fibers transmit binary optical pulses 0s and 1s, which are generated after a light source is turned on and off with binary digital signals. A digital signal is generated by sampling, quantizing, and encoding continuously changing analog signals. This mechanism is called pulse code modulation (PCM).
⚫
Nowadays, all digital transmission systems use the PCM mechanism.
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Application Scenarios of PCM ⚫
⚫
The PCM technology is widely used in electric power systems, railway systems, urban rail transit systems, and energy transmission systems. With the development of technologies, PCM devices have expanded from pure voice service access to integrated access of multiple low-rate data services. Electric power system
Railway system
Urban rail transit system
Energy transmission system
SDH device
PCM device
RTU 59
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PCM Solution in the Industry ⚫
Currently, PCM devices and SDH devices are separated in the industry.
⚫
Disadvantages
A large number of devices occupy large equipment room space.
Network connections are complex and inconvenient for unified maintenance and management.
PCM device SDH device
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SDH network SDH device
PCM device
Huawei's Built-in PCM Solution ⚫
Huawei's built-in PCM technology integrates MSTP and PCM devices, satisfying the multi-service access requirements of enterprise communications.
SDH network OptiX OSN device ⚫
OptiX OSN device
Advantages
61
Smaller space required and reduced investment costs
High reliability and simple O&M Huawei Confidential
• OptiX OSN devices provide the embedded PCM solution. Specifically, PCM boards are used on OptiX OSN devices to provide foreign exchange station (FXS) ports, foreign exchange office (FXO) ports, 2- or 4-wire audio and exchange and multiplex signaling (E&M) ports, and sub-rate ports. Using these ports, OptiX OSN devices can receive low-speed circuit services and transparently transmit them on SDH networks. In addition, services can be configured and managed using the NMS.
Quiz 1. (Multiple-answer question) Which of the following steps are performed to convert analog signals into digital signals? A. Sampling B. Quantizing C. Encoding
D. Modulation
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• Answer: ABC
Summary
63
⚫
SDH concepts
⚫
SDH frame structure and multiplexing procedure
⚫
Overheads and pointers
⚫
Logical functional modules
⚫
Application of SDH trail layers and overheads
⚫
PCM technology
Huawei Confidential
Thank you.
把数字世界带入每个人、每个家庭、 每个组织，构建万物互联的智能世界。 Bring digital to every person, home, and organization for a fully connected, intelligent world. Co pyright© 2021 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. A l l Rights Reserved. The information in this document may contain predictive statements including, without limitation, statements regarding the future financial and operating results, future product portfolio, new technology, etc. There are a number of factors that could cause actual results and developments to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the predictive statements. Therefore, such information is provided for reference purpose only and constitutes neither an offer nor an acceptance. Huawei may change the information at any time without notice.
Transmission Network Products
Foreword ⚫
The advent of flattened networks brings increasingly simplified transmission networks and less diversified transmission
network products on the live network. Currently, the following three types of transmission network products are used based on application scenarios:
Huawei OptiXtrans E9600 series subracks and OptiX OSN 9800 U series subracks, a next-generation large-capacity and intelligent OTN products that integrate packet functions. They are intended for 100G and beyond, and can be applied to various networks, such as super backbone, backbone, and metro networks.
Huawei OptiXtrans E6600 series subracks and OptiX OSN 1800 II Pro/1800 V Pro, targeted for metro edge node applications. They can be used together with metro and backbone WDM network devices to form a complete E2E OTN network for unified
management.
⚫
Huawei OptiXtrans DC908, an optical-electrical integrated WDM transmission device designed for Data Center Interconnect (DCI).
The chapter describes some basic knowledge about transmission network products, such as product positioning,
subracks, and boards.
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Huawei Confidential
Objectives On completion of this course, you will be able to:
Describe the positioning and application scenarios of Huawei OptiXtrans E9600/E6600 series and OptiXtrans DC908.
Understand the appearance and cabinets of Huawei OptiXtrans E9600/E6600 series and OptiXtrans DC908.
List the boards and functions of Huawei OptiXtrans E9600/E6600 series and OptiXtrans DC908.
3
Huawei Confidential
Contents 1. Product Overview 2. Cabinets and Subracks
3. Boards
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OptiXtrans E9600 Series Item
OptiXtrans E9605
OptiXtrans E9612
OptiXtrans E9624
Subrack dimensions (H x W x D)
177 mm x 442 mm x 295 mm
347.2 mm x 442 mm x 295 mm
747.2 mm x 442 mm x 295 mm
Maximum number of service board slots
5
13
Appearance
5
1:1 mode: 12 large slots or 24 small slots 1:3 mode: 10 large slots or 20 small slots
Huawei Confidential
• Note: The E9624 subrack supports slot splitting. One 11 U slot of the E9624 subrack can be split into two 5.5 U slots.
OptiX OSN 9800 Series OSN 9800 U16
OSN 9800 U32
OSN 9800 U64
OSN 9800 U32 Enhanced
OSN 9800 U64 Enhanced
OSN 9800 P32
OSN 9800 Universal Platform Subrack
Subrack dimensions (H x W x D)
847 mm X 442 mm x 295 mm (without the cabinet)
1900 mm x 498 mm x 295 mm (without the cabinet)
2200 mm x 600 mm x 600 mm (integrated cabinet+subracks )
1900 mm x 498 mm x 295 mm (without the cabinet)
2200 mm x 600 mm x 600 mm (integrated cabinet+subrack s)
1390 mm x 96 mm x 315 mm (without the cabinet)
397 mm x 442 mm x 295 mm (without the cabinet)
Maximum number of service board slots
14
32
64
32
64
32
Item
Appearance
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DC power supply: 16 AC power supply: 15
OptiXtrans E6600 Series Item
OptiXtrans E6608T
OptiXtrans E6608
OptiXtrans E6616
Subrack dimensions (H x W x D)
88.1 mm x 442 mm x 220 mm (excluding mounting ears)
88.1 mm x 442 mm x 220 mm (excluding mounting ears)
222 mm x 442 mm x 220 mm (excluding mounting ears)
Maximum number of service board slots
DC-powered chassis: 7 AC-powered chassis: 5
DC-powered chassis: 6 AC-powered chassis: 4
DC-powered chassis: 14 AC-powered chassis: 12
Appearance
7
Huawei Confidential
Highlights of the OptiXtrans E9600 High integration
⚫
Industry's highest-integration platform. One cabinet can house five E9612 subracks and support a maximum of 256 100GE services.
0.33 W/Gbit, which is 35% lower than the industry average.
New optical layer
⚫
New spectrum: Super C band with a maximum of 120 wavelengths@50 GHz
New rate: Super 200G, 200G–800G programmable
Up to 48T/fiber capacity, 60 wavelengths x 800G@100 GHz
Optical-electrical integration
⚫
Industry's most powerful optical-electrical integration platform, integrating multiple optical and electrical functions and simplifying sites.
8
2/3 equipment room space saving, significantly reducing site cost. Huawei Confidential
Highlights of the OptiXtrans E6600 Convergence and simplification
⚫
Unified access and bearing of multiple services, bringing more service connections, higher bandwidth efficiency, and lower latency.
Ultra-broadband access of 1.5 Mbit/s to 100 Gbit/s services, including PCM, PDH, SDH, OTN, and packet services, meeting various
service requirements of industries.
Ultra-large capacity
⚫
Up to 800G OTN, 400G packet, 40G SDH higher-order, and 5G SDH lower-order capacities per subrack for the OptiXtrans E6608.
2 U, high integration, and energy saving for the OptiXtrans E6608, reducing customer OPEX.
Up to 2.8T OTN, 140G SDH higher-order, and 20G SDH lower-order capacities per subrack for the OptiXtrans E6616.
4-fold increase in capacity for the OptiXtrans E6616, providing 200G per slot; 20-degree ROADM grooming.
Intelligent O&M
⚫
9
Real-time performance visualization and big data analysis for network sub-health, shifting from reactive O&M to proactive O&M.
OD/FD-based optical-layer visualization and online real-time monitoring. Huawei Confidential
• Highlights of the OptiXtrans E6608T ▫ Unified transmission: All low-rate services and high-bandwidth services can be encapsulated into OTN frames for unified transmission.
▫ Unified management: A unified NMS can be used to manage and maintain all SDH and WDM/OTN devices in a unified manner. ▫ Easy deployment: The case-shaped design features high integration and easy deployment at any place.
Product Positioning of the OptiXtrans E9600/E6600
E6616 E9624
E9624/ OSN 9800 U32E
ODUk/VC/Packet E6608
E9612
E9624
E9624/ OSN 9800 U32E
E9624
E6616 E9624/ OSN 9800 U32E
Edge/Access layer
10
Metro/Aggregation layer
Backbone/Core layer
Huawei Confidential
• The OptiX OSN 9800 is mainly used at the backbone/core layer, and the OptiXtrans E9600 is mainly used at the metro/aggregation layer. The OptiXtrans E9600 & OptiX OSN 9800 and the OptiXtrans E6600/OptiX OSN 1800 can form a complete E2E OTN network for unified management.
Product Positioning of the OptiXtrans DC908 ⚫
Huawei OptiXtrans DC908 is an optical-electrical WDM transmission device designed for DCI. Built to withstand the toughest challenges of the intelligent era, the OptiXtrans DC908 features simplified deployment in just eight minutes, ultrabroadband and high integration (with 48T per fiber, future proof for the next five years), and intelligent, AI-ready, proactive O&M.
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Huawei Confidential
• Huawei OptiXtrans DC908 can be widely applied in highly digitalized industries and enterprise DCI scenarios, such as over the top (OTT) providers, multi-tenant data centers (MTDCs), Internet exchange providers (IXPs), finance, education, government, healthcare, energy, transportation, and manufacturing.
Highlights ⚫
Ultra-high bandwidth and integration: 48T/fiber, no need to lease fibers for the next five years
⚫
High simplification: deployment in 8 minutes, low skill requirements
⚫
Intelligence: AI ready and proactive O&M
⚫
High security
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Huawei Confidential
• Ultra-broadband ▫ – 48 Tbit/s@C120 per fiber pair, continuous evolution: The single-fiber capacity is improved to support smooth upgrade to the C+L band in the future. ▫ – 100G–600G programmable
• High integration ▫ – Optical-electrical integration: Optical-layer and electrical-layer boards are deployed in the same subrack, halving the required space. These boards suit IT and CT equipment rooms and can be deployed with IT devices in the same cabinet.
▫ – Programmable Muxponder boards: The maximum capacity per slot is 1.2 Tbit/s, and the maximum capacity per chassis is 9.6 Tbit/s@2 U. • Simplified fiber connections ▫ – One optical-layer board integrates functions of N traditional optical-layer boards such as optical amplifier (OA), multiplexer/demultiplexer, add/drop multiplexer, optical supervisory, and optical spectrum analysis boards. This reduces the number of fiber connections inside the optical layer by 90% to simplify the optical layer. ▫ – DLC fibers, halving fiber connections required
Typical Application Scenario (1) ⚫
Small networks
Point-to-point (P2P)/Ring DWDM
One OptiXtrans DC908 = High-density electrical-layer device + FOADM + OLA
Router/Switch
DC908
Storage array
Data center-1 14
Huawei Confidential
• FOADM: fixed optical add/drop multiplexer • OLA: optical line amplifier
Router/Switch
DC908
Storage array
Data center-2
Typical Application Scenario (2) ⚫
Medium-sized and large networks
Full mesh: high-density DCI + ROADM device + NCE-T NCE-T
ROADM
IXP/MTDC
IXP/MTDC
DC 15
DC
Huawei Confidential
• DC: Data Center • DCI: Data Center Interconnect • ROADM: Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer • NCE-T: Network Cloud Engine (Transport Domain), that is, NMS • IXP: Internet eXchange Point • MTDC: Multi-Tenant Data Center
Typical Application Scenario (3) ⚫
Disaster recovery (DR)
Three centers in two cities: DWDM Remote DR center
WDM + Storage
Active DC
16
Huawei Confidential
Standby DC
Quiz 1. (Single-answer question) Which of the following items does not belong to "5A" deployment of the OptiXtrans DC908? A. Fiber auto-discovery B. Fiber connection auto-verification C. Wavelength auto-configuration
D. Port auto-selection E. Optical-layer auto-commissioning
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Huawei Confidential
• Answer: D
Contents 1. Product Overview 2. Cabinets and Subracks
3. Boards
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Huawei Confidential
Cabinets Item
N66B
N63B
A63B
A66B
Appearance
OSN 9800 U32 enhanced subrack OSN 9800 U32 standard subrack
Supported devices
OSN 9800 U16 subrack (used as a service subrack) OSN 9800 universal platform subrack
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OSN 9800 U32 standard subrack
OSN 9800 U32 standard subrack
OSN 9800 U16 subrack (central switching subrack)
OSN 9800 U16 subrack (used as a service subrack)
E9624 subrack
OSN 9800 universal platform subrack
OSN 9800 P32 subrack
OSN 9800 universal platform subrack
E9612 subrack
E9612 subrack
E9605 subrack
E9605 subrack
OSN 9800 universal platform subrack
OSN 9800 U32 enhanced subrack
E9624 subrack
Huawei Confidential
• Dimensions of an N66B/A66B cabinet (H x W x D): ▫ Without a height extension frame: 2200 mm x 600 mm x 600 mm ▫ With a height extension frame: 2600 mm x 600 mm x 600 mm • Dimensions of an N63B/A63B cabinet (H x W x D): ▫ Without a height extension frame: 2200 mm x 600 mm x 300 mm ▫ With a height extension frame: 2600 mm x 600 mm x 300 mm
Huawei OptiXtrans DC908 Chassis
Panel
20
Service board
System control board
Huawei Confidential
• When two system control boards need to be configured in 1+1 backup mode, replace the panel on the left with a system control and communication (SCC) board, and insert the SCC board in the direction reverse to the SCC board on the right. • Fan tray assemblies are installed on the rear side of the OptiXtrans DC908 chassis. Through front-to-rear airflow, the heat generated by service boards can be dissipated out of the chassis. This ensures that the chassis is running within a normal temperature range.
• The power modules have a built-in heat dissipation system. Through side-to-rear airflow, the heat generated by power modules can be dissipated out of the chassis. This ensures that the power modules are running within a normal temperature range.
Huawei OptiXtrans E6608T Chassis
DC chassis
System control board
Fan board
AC chassis Mounting ear 21
Power board
Service board
Mounting ear
Huawei Confidential
• The AC chassis is used as an example to describe the name of each module. • The E6608T chassis has the following types:
Chassis Type
Model
Start Version
Description
TMBK31AFB
V100R019C1 0SPC300
Backplane Subrack (shelf, frame),OptiXtrans E6608T,TMBK31AFB,Assembly Chassis(2U,DC)
TMBK32AFB
V100R019C1 0SPC300
Backplane Subrack (shelf, frame),OptiXtrans E6608T,TMBK32AFB,Assembly Chassis(2U,DC,with fiber storage)
TMBK33AFB
V100R019C1 0SPC300
Backplane Subrack (shelf, frame),OptiXtrans E6608T,TMBK33AFB,Assembly Chassis(2U,AC)
TMBK34AFB
V100R019C1 0SPC300
Backplane Subrack (shelf, frame),OptiXtrans E6608T,TMBK34AFB,Assembly Chassis(2U,AC,with Fiber Storage)
E6608T DC chassis
E6608T AC chassis
Huawei OptiXtrans E6608 Chassis
DC chassis System control board
Mounting ear 22
Power board
Fan board
AC chassis
Service board
Mounting ear
Huawei Confidential
• The AC chassis is used as an example to describe the name of each module. • Through left-to-right airflow, fan tray assemblies draw external air into the chassis and dissipate heat by blowing air out of the subracks, forming air ducts from left to right.
Huawei OptiXtrans E6616 Chassis
System control board
DC chassis
24
Mounting ear
Power board
Service board
AC chassis
Fan board
Mounting ear
Huawei Confidential
• The AC chassis is used as an example to describe the name of each module. • The OptiXtrans E6616 chassis is a 5 U case-shaped device of high integration. • The E6616 chassis supports MS-OTN-based universal service grooming. According to the planned chassis capability, a single chassis supports a maximum of 2.8 Tbit/s OTN capacity, 160 Gbit/s SDH higher-order capacity, and 20 Gbit/s SDH lower-order capacity. • Through left-to-right airflow, fan tray assemblies draw external air into the chassis and dissipate heat by blowing air out of the subracks, forming air ducts from left to right.
Huawei OptiXtrans E9624 Subrack Power supply and interface area Fan tray area
System control and crossconnect board area Service board area Service board area
Fiber routing area Fan tray area 26
Huawei Confidential
• The areas in the E9624 subrack in 1:1 cross-connect mode are used as an example. • The E9624 subrack supports two cross-connect modes: 1:1 and 1:3. The two modes differ in the number of cross-connect boards, number of available slots for service boards, cross-connect capacity, and application scenarios. • Compared with the 1:1 cross-connect mode, the 1:3 cross-connect mode has the following features: ▫ The single-slot service grooming capacity is improved to adapt to more large-capacity service boards. ▫ Two CXCS cross-connect boards are required for the 1:3 cross-connect mode. Therefore, the number of 11 U service board slots supported by the 1:3 cross-connect mode is two less than that supported by the 1:1 crossconnect mode.
▫ The 1:3 cross-connect mode is mainly applied to the backbone core layer, and the 1:1 cross-connect mode is mainly applied to the metro aggregation layer. ▫ The 1:1 cross-connect mode supports the configuration of lower power consumption. In the initial phase of network construction, the 1:1 crossconnect mode can be used.
Areas in the OptiXtrans E9624 Subrack Area
Element Four PIU boards One EFI board
Slot PIU: IU100–IU101 and IU105– IU106 EFI: IU103 Reserved: IU102 and IU104
Main Functions ⚫
The PIU boards are in mutual backup. Therefore, the failure of any power input to the device does not affect the normal running of the device. The EFI board provides maintenance and management interfaces. The EFI board is powered by the CXP board.
Power supply and interface area
⚫
Fan tray area
Two fan tray assemblies
Lower: IU90 Upper: IU91
Fan tray assemblies are used to ventilate the device.
Fiber routing area
Two fiber troughs
N/A
Optical fibers connecting to boards are routed to the left or right side of the device through the upper- and lower-side fiber troughs.
Service board area
24 x 5.5 U service boards 12 x 11 U service boards
Lower: IU1–IU6 and IU7–IU12 Upper: IU13–IU18 and IU19–IU24
Service boards need to be configured based on the service plan and all of them are installed in the two service board areas. A slot splitter can be used to split an 11 U slot into two 5.5 U slots.
⚫
⚫
⚫
System control and cross-connect board area
27
Two universal crossconnect, system control, and clock processing boards (CXP)
IU71–IU72 ⚫
Functions: − The boards manage the subrack and implement inter-NE communication. − The boards provide clock signals for service boards and implement inter-board cross-connections and service grooming. Protection: − SCC boards support active/standby protection (1+1). − Cross-connect units support load sharing.
Huawei Confidential
• The PIU boards on the left and right sides of the EFI board back up each other. For example, the PIU board in slot IU100 and the PIU board in slot IU105 back up each other, and the PIU board in slot IU101 and the PIU board in slot IU106 back up each other. • Note: ▫ The installed service boards have their ejector levers on the left sides of the board front panels. ▫ You are advised to install service boards in the outer slots first. In this manner, if the cross-connect mode needs to be upgraded to 1:3, the CXCS boards can be installed in slot IU6/IU7/IU18/IU19.
Cross-Connect Capacity
Subrack Type
Working Mode
Max. Cross-Connect Capacity per Slot
ODUk
E9624
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OSUflex
VC-4
VC-3/ VC-12a
Packet
Max. Cross-Connect Capacity per Subrack
ODUk
OSUflex
VC-4
VC-3/ VC-12a
Packet
1:1 mode
400 Gbit/s
400 Gbit/s
160 Gbit/s
80 Gbit/s
200 Gbit/s
4.8 Tbit/s
4.8 Tbit/s
1.92 Tbit/s
80 Gbit/s
2.4 Tbit/s
1:3 mode
1 Tbit/s
1 Tbit/s
160 Gbit/s
80 Gbit/s
200 Gbit/s
10 Tbit/s
10 Tbit/s
1.6 Tbit/s
80 Gbit/s
2 Tbit/s
Huawei Confidential
• a: For a G3CXP board, the centralized grooming of VC-3/VC-12 services is supported only when the G3CXP board is used together with a G1SXCL board. All service slots share VC-3/VC-12 cross-connections. The maximum cross-connect capacity of a single slot or the entire subrack is 80 Gbit/s. • Two small slots can be combined into one large slot. A small slot is 5.5 U high, and a large one is 11 U high. • The E9624 subrack supports grooming of ODUk (k = 0, 1, 2, 2e, 3, 4, or flex), VC3/VC-4/VC-12, and packet services.
E9612 System control board area
Fiber routing area
Power supply and interface area
29
Service board area
System control board area Power supply and interface area
Huawei Confidential
• By default, only one AUX board is inserted in slot IU73 in an E9612 subrack. • When the E9612 subrack is configured with the clock function, it is recommended that two AUX boards be configured to implement clock protection.
Huawei OptiXtrans E9605 Subrack System control board area
Cable tray 31
Power supply and interface area
Service board area
Fan tray area
Huawei Confidential
Area
Composition
Slot
Main Functions
Power supply and interface area
Two PIU/APIU boards One or two EFI boards
PIU/APIU board: IU100–U101 EFI board: IU71–IU72
The PIU/APIU boards are in mutual backup. Therefore, the failure of any power input to the device does not affect the normal running of the device. The EFI board provides maintenance and management interfaces.
Fan tray area
One fan tray assembly
IU90
The fan tray assembly is used to ventilate the device.
Fiber routing area
One cable tray
N/A
Optical fibers connecting to boards are routed to the left or right side of the device through the cable tray.
Service board area
5 service board slots
IU1–IU5
Service boards need to be configured based on the service plan and all of them are installed in the service board area.
IU73–IU74
The two CTU boards work in 1+1 backup mode, provide the system control function, and provide system clock signals for each service board. The CTU board interoperates with the NMS to manage each board of the device and provide communication between different devices.
System control board area
Two CTU boards
Quiz 1. (True or false) Two CXCS cross-connect boards are required for the 1:3 crossconnect mode. As a result, the number of 11 U slots supported by the 1:3 crossconnect mode is two less than that supported by the 1:1 cross-connect mode.
Therefore, the maximum cross-connect capacity of the E9624 subrack in 1:3 cross-connect mode is smaller than that in 1:1 cross-connect mode. A. True B. False
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Huawei Confidential
• Answer: B
Contents 1. Product Overview 2. Cabinets and Subracks
3. Boards ◼
Boards of the OptiXtrans E9600
▫ Boards of the OptiXtrans E6600 ▫ Boards of the OptiXtrans DC908
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Huawei Confidential
Board Type (1) Board Type Tributary board
Line board
Function Locally adds/drops client-side services from/to the WDM side. Line mode Locally adds/drops client-side services from/to the WDM side together with the tributary board. Locally pass through services on the WDM side together with another line board. Regeneration mode Receives WDM-side OTN signals and performs O/E conversion and the retiming, reshaping, regeneration (3R) functions for the OTN signals. Then the board performs E/O conversion and outputs the regenerated OTN signals.
Packet board
The packet service board performs Layer 2 processing for the received Ethernet services. The processed packets are transmitted to the centralized cross-connect board for flexible grooming.
Optical transponder unit
Performs O-E-O conversion for the received client-side signals and outputs ITU-T-compliant standard DWDM wavelengths.
General service processing board Turbo WDM board TDM board 34
Huawei Confidential
Supports hybrid transmission of OTN and SDH services. Compared with an OTN tributary board, a general service processing board additionally supports SDH services. Processes 200G/400G/800G Turbo WDM line services.
Receives and transmits STM-n (n=1, 4, 16, 64) optical signals, or receives Ethernet services, manages bandwidths, and performs Layer 2 switching.
Board Type (2) Board Type Cross-connect board
Function Cross-connects services in the subrack, manages configurations, and outputs alarms.
SCC board
Interoperates with the NMS to manage each board of the device and provide communication between different devices.
Optical multiplexer/demultiplexer board
Multiplexes multiple single-wavelength optical signals into one multiplexed signal or demultiplexes one multiplexed signal into multiple single-wavelength optical signals.
Optical add/drop multiplexer board Optical supervisory channel (OSC) board
Implements optical-layer service grooming for multiple wavelengths. Transmits and receives two optical supervisory signals. Extracts and processes system overheads, and then transmits the processed information to the system control board.
Optical protection board
Implements optical line protection, intra-board 1+1 protection, and client 1+1 protection.
Spectrum analyzer board
Detects the optical power, standard wavelength, and center wavelength of signals over the fixed/flexible grid wavelengths.
Variable optical attenuator board
Queries its preconfigured attenuation and adjusts the optical power for optical signals according to the control command sent by the system control board.
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Huawei Confidential
OTN Tributary Boards Board Name
6 x 10 Gbit/s tributary service processing board
TNG1T212
12 x 10 Gbit/s tributary service processing board
TNG1T401
1 x 100 Gbit/s tributary service processing board
TNV1T210U
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Board Description
TNG1T206
10 x 2.5/10 Gbit/s universal tributary service processing board
TNV1T502
2 x 200GE tributary service processing board
TNV8T402
2 x 100 Gbit/s tributary service processing board (QSFP28)
TNV8T404
4 x 100 Gbit/s tributary service processing board (QSFP28)
TNV2T601
1 x 400GE tributary service processing board
Huawei Confidential
37
1 x OTU4
Multiplexer/Demultiplexer board
1x ODU4/ODUflex
N401
1x ODU4/ODUflex
Cross-connect board
100GE/ OTU4
T401
Client-side device
TNG1T401 Board and Its Application
Huawei Confidential
• Conversion between one 100GE/OTU4 optical signal and one ODU4/ODUflex electrical signal • High-density 100 Gbit/s tributary board, saving service slots.
• Front panel dimensions (H x W x D): 237.1 mm x 30.5 mm x 220.0 mm • Weight: 1.54 kg
Port Silkscreen
Port Type
Function
TX
QSFP28-100G(4x25G)-850nm(SR4)MPO-MMF-0.1km: MPO Other optical modules: LC
Transmits service optical signals to the client-side device.
RX
QSFP28-100G(4x25G)-850nm(SR4)MPO-MMF-0.1km: MPO Other optical modules: LC
Receives the service optical signals output by the client-side device.
Functions and Features of the TNG1T401 Board Function and Feature Basic functions
Client-side service type
100GE: Ethernet services at a rate of 103.125 Gbit/s OTU4: OTN services at a rate of 111.81 Gbit/s
PRBS
Supported
Electrical-layer ASON
Supported
LPT
IEEE 1588v2 Physical-layer clock
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Description Supports the following service conversions: 1 x 100GE (Bit transparent mapping)/(MAC transparent mapping) 1 x ODU4 1 x 100GE (MAC transparent mapping) 1 x ODUflex 1 x OTU4 1 x ODU4
Not supported
Supported when 100GE(GFP-F) services are received Supported when 100GE services are received
Protection
ODUk SNCP/Client 1+1 protection/Tributary SNCP
Loopback
Inloop/Outloop/ODUk inloop/ODUk outloop
RTU
Supported
LLDP
Supported when 100GE services are received on the client side
Huawei Confidential
• ALS is supported when this board receives 100GE services, and ESC is supported when the board receives OTU4 services.
OTN Line Boards Board Name TNG1N206
6 x 10 Gbit/s line service processing board
TNG1N210
10 x 10 Gbit/s line service processing board
TNG1N401
1 x 100 Gbit/s line service processing board
TNU6N402
2 x 100 Gbit/s line service processing board
TNS2N220
20 x 10 Gbit/s line service processing board
TNS7N502C01
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Board Description
2 x 100/200 Gbit/s programmable hybrid line service processing board (CFP)
TNU3N602
2 x 200/400 Gbit/s programmable line service processing board
TNU6N502
2 x 100/200 Gbit/s programmable line service processing board (CFP)
Huawei Confidential
1 x OTU4
Line mode
40
Multiplexer/Demulti plexer board
N401
Multiplexer/Demulti plexer board
OTU4
Multiplexer/Demulti plexer board
ODUk
N401
Cross-connect board
TNG1N401 Board and Its Application
1 x OTU4
Regeneration mode
Huawei Confidential
• Front panel dimensions (H x W x D): 237.1 mm x 30.5 mm x 220.0 mm • Weight: 1.7 kg
Port Silkscreen
Port Type
Function
IN
LC
Receives single-wavelength signals from the optical demultiplexer unit or the optical add/drop multiplexer (OADM) unit.
OUT
LC
Transmits single-wavelength signals to the optical multiplexer unit or the OADM unit.
Functions and Features of the TNG1N401 Board Function and Feature Basic functions FEC type
Description Supports the following service conversions: 80 x ODU0/40 x ODU1/10 x ODU2/10 x ODU2e/2 x ODU3/1 x ODU4/80 x ODUflex 1 x OTU4 Supports hybrid transmission of ODU0, ODU1, ODU2, ODU2e, ODU3, and ODUflex signals. When the OTU4-4x28G-10km module is used: FEC Other optical modules: LC
PRBS
Supported
ESC
Supported
Used as a regeneration board
Supported
Tunable wavelength
Tunes optical signals on the WDM side within the range of 96 wavelengths in extended C band at a 50 GHz channel spacing.
Physical-layer clock
Supported
Electrical-layer ASON
Supported
Optical-layer ASON
Supported
Protection
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SNCP/ODUk SNCP/Intra-board 1+1 protection
Huawei Confidential
• ODUk (k = 0, 1, 2, 2e, 3, 4, or flex)
Packet Service Boards Board Name
42
Board Description
TNV2E224
Receives FE/GE/10GE/100GE services, processes packet services, and transmits the packet services to the cross-connect board for device-level centralized grooming.
TNV3E224
Receives FE/GE/10GE/25GE services, processes packet services, and transmits the packet services to the cross-connect board for device-level centralized grooming.
TNV3E402
Receives 50GE/100GE services, processes packet services, and transmits the packet services to the crossconnect board for device-level centralized grooming.
Huawei Confidential
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24 x 10GE
Packets
Cross-connect board
24 x FE/GE E224
Client-side device
TNV2E224 Board and Its Application
Huawei Confidential
• Front panel dimensions (H x W x D): 477.3 mm x 30.5 mm x 220.0 mm
Port Silkscreen
Port Type
TX1–TX24
LC
Transmits service optical signals to the client-side device.
RX1–RX24
LC
Receives the service optical signals output by the client-side device.
Function
Functions and Features of the TNV2E224 Board Function Basic functions
Receives Ethernet service signals and processes packet services.
QoS
Supported
QinQ
Supported
Jumbo Frame
Supported
802.1Q
Supported
E-Line (VPWS)
Supported
ETH-OAM
Supported
MPLS-TP OAM
Supported
Protection
44
Description
Huawei Confidential
Intra-board and inter-board LAG protection PW APS 1:1 protection Tunnel APS 1:1 protection ERPS V1/V2
Optical Transponder Boards Board Name
45
Board Description
TNG1M210D
Service aggregation board that converges 10 x Any-rate signals into 2 x OTU2 signals
TNG1M402D
Optical transponder unit (OTU) board that multiplexes 2 x 100 Gbit/s signals into 1 x 200 Gbit/s signal
TNG2M402D
2 x 100 Gbit/s OTU board
TNG1M402DM
OTU board that multiplexes 2 x 100 Gbit/s signals into 1 x 200 Gbit/s signal
TNG2M402DM
2 x 100 Gbit/s multi-function OTU board
TNG1M404DM
OTU board that multiplexes 4 x 40 Gbit/s signals into 2 x 100 Gbit/s signals
TNG1M520SM
Programmable OTU board that multiplexes 20 x 10GE or 2 x 100GE signals into 1 x 100/200 Gbit/s signal
TNG1M504DM
Programmable OTU board that multiplexes 4 x 100 Gbit/s signals into 2 x 100/200 Gbit/s signals
Huawei Confidential
100GE/OTU4
Working Mode Transponder mode
46
OTU4 OTU4
Multiplexer/Demulti plexer board
100GE/OTU4 M402D
C lient-side device
TNG2M402D Board and Its Application
Mapping Path • 2 x 100GE 2 x ODU4 (bit transparent mapping/MAC transparent mapping) 2 x OTU4 • 2 x 100GE 2 x ODUflex 2 x ODU4 2 x OTU4 • 2 x OTU4 2 x ODU4 2 x OTU4
Huawei Confidential
• Front panel dimensions (H x W x D): 237.1 mm x 30.5 mm x 220.0 mm • Weight: 1.8 kg
Port Silkscreen
Port Type
IN1–IN2
LC
Receives single-wavelength signals from the optical demultiplexer unit or the OADM unit.
OUT1– OUT2
LC
Transmits single-wavelength signals to the optical multiplexer unit or the OADM unit.
TX1–TX2
LC
Transmits service optical signals to the client-side device.
RX1–RX2
LC
Receives the service optical signals output by the client-side device.
Function
Functions and Features of the TNG2M402D Board Function ALS
Tunable wavelength
Tunes optical signals on the WDM side within the range of 96 wavelengths in extended C band at a 50 GHz channel spacing.
PRBS
Supported on the WDM side The PRBS test function in the optical port direction is supported only when OTU4 services are received on the client side.
ESC
Supported
LPT
Not supported
FEC encoding Latency measurement IEEE 1588v2 Physical-layer clock
47
Description Supported when non-OTN services are received on the client side
Client side: FEC (OTU4), RS_FEC (100GE) WDM side: FEC and SDFEC2 Supported Supported when 100GE (MAC transparent mapping) services are received Supported
Protection
ODUk SNCP/Client 1+1 protection/Intra-board 1+1 protection
Loopback
Supports WDM-side and client-side optical port loopbacks and channel loopbacks.
RTU
Supported
Optical-layer ASON
Supported
Huawei Confidential
General Service Processing Boards
48
Board Name
Board Description
TNG1A212
12 x 10 Gbit/s Any-rate service processing board (OTN tributary board, OTN & SDH hybrid line board, and SDH line board)
Huawei Confidential
• The A212 board is a general service processing board. Each port can be used as a tributary port, an OTN line port, an SDH line port, or a line port (regeneration mode). When the A212 board ports are used as OTN line ports and SDH line ports simultaneously, the sum of the number of OTN line ports receiving STM16/STM-64 services and the number of SDH line ports receiving STM-64 services is less than or equal to 3.
▫ *To use a port on the A212 board as a line port (in line mode) to receive SDH services, an SDH service license is required. ▫ *The A212 board supports a maximum of 40 Gbit/s SDH services, regardless of whether its port is used as an OTN or SDH line port.
TNG1A212 Board and Its Application
12 x STM-n (n=1,4,16)/ 4 x STM-64 (total capacity ≤ 40 Gbit/s)
49
A212
C ross-connect board
Its port used as an SDH line port.
A212
Multiplexer/Demulti plexer board
A212
C ross-connect board
Its port used as an OTN line port.
12 x STM-n (n=1,4,16)/ 4 x STM-64 (total capacity ≤ 40 Gbit/s)
Huawei Confidential
• When the TNG1A212 board port is used as an OTN line port, the following signal conversion functions are supported: ▫ 80 x ODU0/40 x ODU1/80 x ODUflex/10 x ODU2 10 x OTU2
▫ 10 x ODU2e 10 x OTU2e ▫ An optical port supports hybrid transmission of ODU0, ODU1, and ODUflex signals.
TNG1A212 Board and Its Application
50
Backplane
C lient-side device
Multiplexer/Demultiplex er board
A212
Multiplexer/Demultiplex er board
12 x OTU2/OTU2e
A212
Its port used as a tributary port.
Its port used as a line port (regeneration mode).
12 x OTU2/OTU2e
Huawei Confidential
• When this board port is used as an OTN tributary port, the following signal conversion functions are supported: ▫ ODU0 non-convergence mode (Any -> ODU0)
▪ 12 x (125 Mbit/s to 1.25 Gbit/s signals) 12 x ODU0 ▫ ODU1 non-convergence mode (Any -> ODU1) ▪ 12 x (1.49 Gbit/s to 2.67 Gbit/s signals) 12 x ODU1 ▫ ODU2 non-convergence mode (Any -> ODU2(e)) ▪ n x 10GE LAN (GFP-F)/10GE WAN/STM-64/OC192/OTU2/FC800/FICON8G n x ODU2 ▪ n x 10GE LAN (BMP)/OTU2e/FC1200/FICON10G n x ODU2e
▫ ODUflex non-convergence mode (Any -> ODUflex) ▪ 12 x 3G-SDI/3G-SDIRBR/FC400/FICON4G/FC800/FICON8G/10GE LAN (GFP-F) 12 x ODUflex ▪ 4 x FC1600 4 x ODUflex ▪ ODU1_ODU0 mode (OTU1 -> ODU1 -> ODU0)
▪ 12 x OTU1 24 x ODU0 ▪ ODU1 convergence mode (12 x Any -> ODU1) ▪ 12 x (125 Mbit/s to 2.5 Gbit/s signals) ODU1
Functions and Features of the TNG1A212 Board (1) Function (OTN)
Description
FEC encoding
FEC/AFEC-2
PRBS
Supported
Electrical-layer ASON
Not supported
ESC
Supported
Regeneration board
Supported
Physical-layer clock
Supported
Protection
Tributary SNCP/ODUk SNCP
Substitution relationship
The TNG1A212 board can substitute for the TNG1N210 and TNG1N206 boards.
Tunable wavelength
Supported
IEEE 1588v2
Not supported
Loopback
Supported
Optical-layer ASON
Supported
51
Function (SDH)
Description
SDH ASON
Not supported
Outband DCN
Supported
Protection
SNCP/1+1 linear MSP/Ring MSP
SDH clock synchronization
Supported
IEEE 1588v2
Not supported
Loopback
VC-3/VC-4/VC-12 channel loopback
Service processing
VC-3/VC-4/VC-12 services and VC-4-4c/VC-4-16c/VC4-64c concatenation services
ALS
Supported
Huawei Confidential
• The preceding table lists the functions and features of the TNG1A212 board when its port functions as a line port.
Functions and Features of the TNG1A212 Board (2) Function
Description
ALS
Supported when non-OTN services are received on the client side
PRBS
Supported
Electrical-layer ASON
Supported
ESC
Supported when OTU1/OTU2/OTU2e services are received
LPT
Supported only when the client-side service type is FE/GE/10GE LAN
IEEE 1588 V2
Supported (Not supported when a port is equipped with an electrical module)
Protection
Client 1+1 protection/ODUk SNCP/Tributary SNCP (Tributary SNCP is supported only when OTN, SDH, or SONET services are received on the client side.)
Substitution relationship
The TNG1A212 board can substitute for the TNG1T212 and TNG1T206 boards.
Ethernet service encapsulation mode
Bit transparent mapping (11.1G), MAC transparent mapping (10.7G)
Loopback
Supported
ITU-T G.8275.1
Supported (Not supported when a port is equipped with an electrical module)
ITU-T G.8273.2
Supported
52
Huawei Confidential
• The preceding table lists the functions and features of the TNG1A212 board when its port functions as a tributary port. • Note: In ODUflex non-convergence mode, when the E9624 subrack works in 1:1 cross-connect mode, the board supports a maximum access capability of 100 Gbit/s services; when the E9624 subrack works in 1:3 cross-connect mode, the board supports a maximum access capability of 120 Gbit/s services. • In ODU2 non-convergence mode, when the E9624 subrack works in 1:1 crossconnect mode, n is 10; when the E9624 subrack works in 1:3 cross-connect mode, n is 12.
Turbo WDM Boards Board Name TNU5NP400
1 x 200 Gbit/s Turbo WDM universal line service processing board (that can be expanded to 400 Gbit/s)
TNU5NP400E
1 x 200 Gbit/s Turbo WDM extended line service processing board
TNS3NP800S
1 x 400 Gbit/s Turbo WDM line service processing board (that can be expanded to 800 Gbit/s, single-fiber bidirectional)
TNS3NP800SE
53
Board Description
Huawei Confidential
1 x 400 Gbit/s Turbo WDM extended line service processing board (single-fiber bidirectional)
TNU5NP400/TNU5NP400E Board Board
NP400
Port Silkscreen
Port Type
IN
LC
OUT
LC
Transmits optical signals to the line side.
EXP_RX
LC
Receives one OTUC2 optical signal from the OUT port of the NP400E board.
EXP_TX
LC
Transmits one OTUC2 optical signal to the IN port of the NP400E board.
IN
LC
Receives one OTUC2 optical signal from the EXP_TX port of the NP400 board.
OUT
LC
Transmits one OTUC2 optical signal to the EXP_RX port of the NP400 board.
NP400E
TNU5NP400E
54
Function Receives optical signals that are output by the line side.
TNU5NP400
Huawei Confidential
• Front panel dimensions (H x W x D): 477.3 mm x 30.5 mm x 220.0 mm • Note: ▫ When the NP400 board applies to a 200G system, the EXP_RX and EXP_TX ports cannot be directly connected. ▫ Only when the NP400 board and NP400E board apply to a 400G system, the EXP_RX and EXP_TX ports are used.
TNU5NP400/TNU5NP400E Board and Its Application
C ross-connect board
OTUC2
NP400
NP400
C ross-connect board
200G
55
NP400
2 x OTUC2 (2 x λ)
OTUC2 (1 x λ) NP400E
NP400 OTUC2 (1 x λ) NP400E
C ross-connect board
C ross-connect board
400G
Huawei Confidential
• Cross-connect capacity: ODUk (k = 0, 1, 2, 2e, 3, 4, or flex)/80G SDH/200G packet • The NP400 board and NP400E board are Turbo WDM boards. • The NP400 board can be independently used in a 200G system or can be used together with the NP400E board in a 400G system. • The NP400E board must be used together with the NP400 board in a 400G system.
Functions and Features of the TNU5NP400/TNU5NP400E Board Function (OTN) FEC encoding
Description SDFEC
PRBS
Supported on the WDM side
ESC
Supported
IEEE 1588v2 Physical-layer clock
Supported
E-LAN
Supported
E-Line
Supported
CFM EFM MPLS-TP OAM
Supported, compliant with ITU-T G.8113.1
IGMP snooping
Not supported
Loopback
WDM-side loopback ODUk (k=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or flex) channel loopback
Protection Service transmission mode
Supported Supported only by the E9624 subrack
ITU-T G.8275.1
Supported
Tunnel APS/PW APS/LAG ERPS V1/V2 PW/QinQ
Function (SDH)
Description
Basic functions
In 1:1 mode of the E9624 subrack, a maximum of 40 Gbit/s services is supported. In 1:3 mode of the E9624 subrack, a maximum of 80 Gbit/s services is supported.
Not supported
ITU-T G.8273.2
Protection SDH synchronous clock
Loopback Outband DCN 56
Supported Not supported
Supported ODUk SNCP
Electrical-layer ASON
Description
QoS
BC/OC mode
Protection
Optical-layer ASON
Function (Packet)
SNCP/1+1 single-ended linear MSP/Ring MSP Supported VC channel loopback Supported
Huawei Confidential
• The NP400 board multiplexes and demultiplexes two optical signals. That is, the NP400 board receives one OTUC2 optical signal from the NP400E board and converts its own OTUC2 optical signal and the received OTUC2 optical signal into one multiplexed optical signal.
TDM Boards Board Name TNV1EMS20 TNV4S216
57
Huawei Confidential
Board Description 20-port Ethernet service processing board 16 x STM-N (N=1, 4, or 16)/8 x STM-64 optical interface board with a capacity not greater than 80G
58
VC-3/VC-4/VC-12 (Capacity ≤ 2 x 2.5G)
C ross-connect board
10GE (SFP+)/ GE/FE(eSFP)
EMS20
Client-side device
Application and Functions of the TNV1EMS20 Board Function
Description
Basic functions
Receives 20 Ethernet services, encapsulates and maps the services into SDH signals, and then forwards the signals to the SDH plane for transmission. The maximum uplink bandwidth of the board is 2 x 2.5 Gbit/s.
Ethernet type
EPL/EVPL/EPLAN/EVPLAN
Dynamic MAC address
2 x 16K
QoS
Supported
Test frame
Supported
Bound bandwidth
VC12: 1008 VC3: 96 VC4: 32
Huawei Confidential
• The EMS20 board is used to provide access to Ethernet services, manage bandwidths, and achieve Layer 2 switching of Ethernet services. • Front panel dimensions (H x W x D): 477.3 mm x 30.5 mm x 220.0 mm
• Note: ▫ Ports on the board are classified into two groups (TX1/RX1 to TX10/RX10 and TX11/RX11 to TX20/RX20). The two groups cannot communicate with each other at Layer 2. ▫ All ports on the EMS20 board support GE optical ports, GE electrical ports, and FE optical ports. ▫ Only the TX1/RX1 and TX11/RX11 ports support 10GE optical ports.
Optical Multiplexer/Demultiplexer Boards Board Name
40-channel demultiplexer board (Super C band)
TNG2UM40
40-channel multiplexer board (Super C band)
TNG2UM40V
40-channel multiplexer board with the variable optical attenuator (VOA) (Super C band)
TNG3D48
48-channel demultiplexer board (Extended C band)
TNG3M48
48-channel multiplexer board (Extended C band)
TNG3M48V
48-channel multiplexer board with the VOA (Extended C band)
TNG2D60
60-channel demultiplexer board (Super C band)
TNG2M60
60-channel multiplexer board (Super C band)
TNG2M60V
60-channel multiplexer board with the VOA (Super C band)
TNG2ITL
Interleaver (Super C band)
TNG3ITL
Interleaver (Extended C band)
TNG2UITL
59
Board Description
TNG2UD40
Interleaver board (Super C band)
Huawei Confidential
• As an optical multiplexer and demultiplexer board, the ITL board multiplexes and demultiplexes wavelength signals at a 50 GHz or 100 GHz channel spacing. • As an optical multiplexer and demultiplexer board, the UITL board multiplexes and demultiplexes wavelength signals at a 75 GHz or 150 GHz channel spacing.
TNG2D60 Board and Its Application
01
60
OA
D60
OA
OTU
...
... OTU
60
01
M60V
OTU
60
OTU
Huawei Confidential
• As an optical demultiplexer board, the D60 board demultiplexes one optical signal into a maximum of 60 optical signals at a 100 GHz channel spacing. • Front panel dimensions (H x W x D): 237.1 mm x 61.0 mm x 220.0 mm
Specifications, Functions, and Features of the TNG2D60 Board Optical Port Specifications Item
Unit
Specifications
Channel spacing
GHz
100
Operating wavelength range
THz
D6001: 190.7–196.6 D6002: 190.75–196.65
Insertion loss
dB
≤ 6.5
Reflectance
dB
< –40
Adjacent channel isolation
dB
≥ 22
Non-adjacent channel isolation
dB
≥ 25
Polarization-dependent loss
dB
≤ 0.5
Maximum insertion loss difference between channels
dB
≤3
61
Huawei Confidential
Function
Description
Basic functions
The D6001 board demultiplexes one multiplexed optical signal into a maximum of 60 even-wavelength optical signals. The D6002 board demultiplexes one multiplexed optical signal into a maximum of 60 odd-wavelength optical signals.
Spectrum application
Super C band
Online optical power monitoring
Supported
Alarm and performance event monitoring
Supported
Optical-layer ASON
Supported
TNG2M60 Board and Its Application
01
62
OA
D60
OA
OTU
...
... OTU
60
01
M60V
OTU
60
OTU
Huawei Confidential
• As an optical multiplexer board, the M60 board multiplexes a maximum of 60 optical signals at a 100 GHz channel spacing into one multiplexed optical signal. • Front panel dimensions (H x W x D): 237.1 mm x 61.0 mm x 220.0 mm
Specifications, Functions, and Features of the TNG2M60 Board Optical Port Specifications
Item
Unit
Specifications
Function
Description The M6001 board multiplexes a maximum of 60 even-wavelength optical signals into one multiplexed optical signal. The M6002 board multiplexes a maximum of 60 odd-wavelength optical signals into one multiplexed optical signal.
Channel spacing
GHz
100
Operating wavelength range
THz
M6001: 190.7–196.6 M6002: 190.75–196.65
Insertion loss
dB
≤ 6.5
Reflectance
dB
< –40
Adjacent channel isolation
dB
> 22
Non-adjacent channel isolation
Spectrum application
dB
> 25
Online optical power monitoring
Supported
Polarization-dependent loss
dB
≤ 0.5
Maximum insertion loss difference between channels
Supported
nm
≤3
Alarm and performance event monitoring Optical-layer ASON
Supported
63
Huawei Confidential
Basic functions
Super C band
TNG2ITL06 Board and Its Application 01
OTU
01
D60
01
01
60
OTU
01
OTU
60
OTU
01
OTU
OA
…
64
60
D60
OA
… OTU
M60
OTU
D60
60
OTU
…
… OTU
01
ITL
OTU
ITL
60
OTU
…
… OTU
60
OA
M60
OA
M60
60
OTU
…
… OTU
D60
01
M60
OTU
60
OTU
Huawei Confidential
• As an optical multiplexer and demultiplexer board, the ITL board multiplexes and demultiplexes wavelength signals at a 50 GHz or 100 GHz channel spacing. • Front panel dimensions (H x W x D): 237.1 mm x 30.5 mm x 220.0 mm
Specifications, Functions, and Features of the TNG2ITL06 Board Optical Port Specifications
Item
Specifications
Input channel spacing
100 GHz
Output channel spacing
50 GHz
Insertion loss
Isolation
RE-OUT/RO-OUT ≤ 5.0 dB
IN-TE/IN-TO
≤ 2.5 dB
IN-TE/IN-TO
≥ 24 dB
Maximum reflectance
–40 dB
Directivity
≥ 45 dB
Polarization-dependent loss
< 0.5 dB
Input optical power range of the IN port
–10 dBm to 23.8 dBm
65
Huawei Confidential
Function
Description
Basic functions
Multiplexes and demultiplexes C_ODD and C_EVEN signals.
Spectrum application
Super C band
In-service spectrum detection and monitoring
Provides an online monitoring optical port. Through this optical port, a small number of optical signals can be output to the optical spectrum analyzer or the optical spectrum analyzer board. In this manner, the spectrum and optical performance of the multiplexed optical signals can be monitored without interrupting the services.
Optical-layer ASON
Supported
Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer (ROADM) Boards Board Name
66
Board Description
TNG2ADC0824
Contentionless add/drop multiplexer board (Super C band)
TNG3ADC0824
Contentionless add/drop multiplexer board (Extended C band)
TNG2WSMD9
9-port wavelength selective multiplexer/demultiplexer board (Super C band)
TNG3WSMD9
9-port wavelength selective multiplexer/demultiplexer board (Extended C band)
TNG2DWSS20
Dual 20-port wavelength selective switching board (Super C band)
TNG3DWSS20
Dual 20-port wavelength selective switching board (Extended C band)
TNG2TMD20
Dual 20-port wavelength selective switching board (Super C band)
TNG3TMD20
Dual 20-port wavelength selective switching board (Extended C band)
Huawei Confidential
MUX
DMUX DM1 IN
AM1 DM2
AM2
AM2
DM2
WSMD9
OA
OUT
OUT
WSMD9 IN
AM1
67
OA
DM1
DMUX OTU
OTU
OTU
MUX
OA
OTU
OA
OTU
OTU
OTU
OTU
TNG2WSMD9 Board and Its Application
Huawei Confidential
• As a ROADM board, the WSMD9 board is used with the optical multiplexer board, optical demultiplexer board, or OADM board to perform wavelength grooming on DWDM network nodes.
• Front panel dimensions (H x W x D): 237.1 mm x 61.0 mm x 220.0 mm
Specifications, Functions, and Features of the TNG2WSMD9 Board (1) Function Basic functions Spectrum application
68
Description Implements optical-layer service grooming for multiple wavelengths. • Supports Super C band. • Supports flexible grid wavelength signals.
Online optical performance monitoring
Supported
Alarm and performance event monitoring
Supported
Optical power adjustment
Supported
Optical-layer ASON
Supported
Huawei Confidential
• m = 1–964
Specifications, Functions, and Features of the TNG2WSMD9 Board (2) Item
Un it
Slice width Total number of slices (m) Center frequency of each slice Number of slices on each wavelength (n) Spectral width of each wavelength AMx/EXPI-OUT
Insertion loss
6.25
-
964
THz
190.653125 + (m – 1) x 0.00625
-
6–64
GHz
n x 6.25 (n = 6 to 64)
dB
≤8
IN-DMx/EXPO
≤ 12 dB
1.5
GHz
> 6.25 x n – 25 (n = 6 to 64)
Port isolation
dB
> 25
Extinction ratio
dB
≥ 35
Reconfiguration time
second
≤3
Maximum reflectance
dB
–40
Polarization-dependent loss
dB
≤ 1.5
Attenuation range of each adding wavelength
dB
0–15
Attenuation precision of each adding wavelength
dB
≤ 1 (0–10 dB), ≤ 1.5 (> 10 dB)
-
9
Maximum insertion loss difference between channels –1 dB spectral width
Degree
69
Specifications
GHz
Huawei Confidential
• m = 1–964
TMD20
TMD20 DM19
IN
…
AM1 DM20
AM19
AM20
OUT T_IN
DWSS20 AM20
T_IN AM1
…
AM19
DM20
IN
DM1
70
DM19
TMD20
OTU
OTU
OTU
OTU
TMD20
R_OUT
…
OTU
OUT
DWSS20
OTU
DAPXF
R_OUT
DAPXF
DM1
…
OTU
OTU
OTU
OTU
OTU
OTU
TNG2TMD20 Board and Its Application
Huawei Confidential
• As an optical multiplexer/demultiplexer board, the TMD20 board adds/drops 20 optical signals over different wavelengths in colorless mode. • The preceding figure shows the application of the TMD20 board in a DWDM system. ▫ Add any wavelengths through ports AM01 to AM20.
▫ Drop any wavelengths through ports DM01 to DM20. • Front panel dimensions (H x W x D): 237.1 mm x 61.0 mm x 220.0 mm
Specifications, Functions, and Features of the TNG2TMD20 Board Item
Slice width Total number of slices (m) Center frequency of each slice Number of slices per channel width (n) Channel width
Unit
Specifications
GHz
6.25
-
964
THz
190.653125 + (m – 1) x 0.00625 (m = 1 to 964)
-
6–64
GHz
n x 6.25 (n = 6 to 64)
Insertion loss
dB
AMx-OUT: ≤ 8; IN-DMx: ≤ 8
Maximum insertion loss difference between channels
dB
2.5
Port isolation
dB
≥ 25
Extinction ratio
dB
≥ 35
s
≤3
Reconfiguration time Maximum reflectance
dB
–30
Directivity
dB
25
Attenuation range per wavelength
dB
0–15
Attenuation precision per wavelength
dB
≤ 1 (0–10 dB) ≤ 1.5 (> 10 dB)
-
20
Degree 71
Huawei Confidential
Function
Description
Basic functions
Wavelength adding: adds any wavelengths from any directions through ports AM1 to AM20 and outputs the wavelengths through the OUT port. Wavelength dropping: receives optical signals from the main path through the IN port, drops wavelengths to any directions, and outputs them through ports DM1 to DM20.
Spectrum application
Supports Super C band. Supports flexible grid wavelength signals.
Optical power adjustment
Supported
Optical-layer loopback
Supported
Optical-layer ASON
Supported
OA Boards Board Name TNG2DAP
72
Board Description Super C-band dual-channel pluggable OA base board
TNG2DAPXF
Super C-band dual-channel pluggable OA base board (with XFIU)
TNG3DAPXF
Extended C-band dual-channel pluggable OA base board (with XFIU)
TNG2SRAPXF
Super C-band enhanced backward Raman and pluggable erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) base board
TNG3SRAPXF
Extended C-band enhanced backward Raman and pluggable EDFA base board
TNG2WDAPXF
Pluggable C-band OA and L-band OA base board (with C-band/L-band XFIU)
Huawei Confidential
G2DAPXF Board and Its Application
OA
XFIU
MUX
OA
DMUX
DAPXF
AST2
73
Huawei Confidential
• The DAPXF board is used to amplify optical signals, multiplex and demultiplex the optical supervisory channel (OSC) and main optical channel. It can be used at the transmit end and receive end.
• Front panel dimensions (H x W x D): 237.1 mm x 30.5 mm x 220.0 mm Port Silkscreen
Port Type
Function
LIN
LC
Inputs the multiplexed signals to be amplified (including OSC signals).
LOUT
LC
Outputs the multiplexed signals that are amplified (including OSC signals).
TC
LC
Outputs the main optical channel signals to be amplified (excluding OSC signals).
RC
LC
Inputs the main optical channel signals that are amplified (excluding OSC signals).
TM1
LC
Transmits OSC signals.
RM1 1491
LC
Receives signals of the 1491 nm OSC.
TM2
LC
Transmits OSC signals.
RM2 1511
LC
Receives signals of the 1511 nm OSC.
Specifications, Functions, and Features of the G2DAPXF Board Optical Multiplexer/Demultiplexer Board Specifications Item OSC operating wavelength range (nm) Return loss (dB)
OSC insertion loss (dB)
Polarization-dependent loss (dB)
Specifications 1478–1522 > 40 IN-TC: < 0.8 IN-TM1: < 1.2 RM1-IN: < 1.5 RC-OUT: < 0.8 RM2-OUT: < 1.5 OUT-TM2: < 1.4
Function Supported
Online optical performance monitoring
Supported
Gain locking technology
Supported
Working mode
Huawei Confidential
Gain locking mode/Power locking mode/APC mode
Transient control technology
Supported
Performance event and alarm monitoring
Supported
< 0.15 Gain adjustment
74
Description
Unregenerated transmission in different spans
TNG1OACU21S: 16–21 dB TNG1OACU25S: 19–25 dB TNG1OACU32S: 23–32 dB TN52OACE101: 20–31 dB TN52OACE105: 23–32 dB TN52OACE106: 13–23 dB TN52OACE107: 17–25 dB TN52OACE108: 8–14 dB
OSC Boards Board Name TNG2AST2
75
Huawei Confidential
Board Description 2-channel OSC and clock transmission board
Application and Functions of the TNG2AST2 Board
DAPXF
AST2
Function Basic functions Line fiber quality monitoring Maximum span transmission Regeneration function Optical-layer ASON
76
Description Controls and processes the receive and transmit signals of two OSC signals. Physical clock/IEEE 1588v2
Supported 37.5 dB Transmits OSC signals by section and has the 3R functions. Supported
Huawei Confidential
• As an OSC board, the AST2 board receives and transmits two OSC signals. Extracts and processes system overheads, and then transmits the processed information to the system control board. The AST2 board also supports IEEE 1588v2 clock synchronization and line fiber quality monitoring. • Front panel dimensions (H x W x D): 237.1 mm x 30.5 mm x 220.0 mm Port Port Type Function Silkscreen TM1/TM2
LC
Transmits OSC signals and line fiber quality monitoring signals, and receives the reflection signals of line fiber quality monitoring signals.
RM1/RM2
LC
Receives OSC signals.
LC
Connected to the coverage-hole fiber so that signals from the TM1/TM2 port can pass through the coverage-hole fiber to minimize the coverage hole; transmits the reflection signals of line fiber quality monitoring signals to the TM1/TM2 port.
LC
Connected to the coverage-hole fiber: transmits the signals from the coverage-hole fiber to the line side for monitoring line fiber quality and receives the reflection signals of line fiber quality monitoring signals.
TMI1/TMI2
TMO1/TMO2
Optical Protection Boards
Board Name
Dual-channel optical channel protection board (Super C band)
TNG2OLP
Optical line protection board (Super C band)
TNG2WOLP
77
Board Description
TNG2DCP
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Optical line protection board (Super C band and L band)
TNG2OLP Board and Its Application Intra-board 1+1 protection
DAPXF
DMUX
MUX
OLP
DMUX
DAPXF
DAPXF
DMUX
OLP
OLP
DAPXF
MUX
MUX DMUX 78
DAPXF
Optical line protection/OMS protection
MUX
Optical line protection/OTS protection
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Port Silkscreen
Port Type
SIN
LC
Inputs line signals from the FIU board (optical line protection). Inputs one WDM-side signal (intra-board 1+1 protection).
SOUT
LC
Outputs line signals to the FIU board (optical line protection). Outputs one WDM-side signal (intra-board 1+1 protection).
LC
Functions as a dual-fed optical port to transmit working and protection optical signals to the line side (optical line protection). Functions as a dual-fed optical port and connected to the input ports of the working and protection multiplexer boards (intra-board 1+1 protection).
WIN/PIN
LC
Functions as a selective-receiving optical port to receive the working or protection optical signals from the line side (optical line protection). Functions as a selective-receiving optical port and connected to the output ports of the working and protection demultiplexer boards (intra-board 1+1 protection).
VIN1/VIN2
LC
Input optical port for optical power equalization of the working and protection channels
VOUT1/ VOUT2
LC
Output optical port for optical power equalization of the working and protection channels
WOUT/ POUT
Function
Specifications, Functions, and Features of the TNG2OLP Board Optical Port Specifications
Item
Unit
Specifications
Insertion loss at the transmit end
dB
≤4
Insertion loss at the receive end
dB
≤ 1.5
Output optical power range
dBm
–35 to 24
Operating wavelength range
nm
1504.5–1572.5
Power difference threshold for switching of the optical switch
dB
Range of the alarm threshold for the optical power difference
dB
79
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5
3–8
Function
Description
Basic functions
Provides optical line protection to ensure that services can be normally received when the optical line is faulty. Provides intra-board 1+1 protection to protect services on OTU boards that do not support the dual-fed and selectivereceiving function.
Spectrum application
Super C band.
Protection scheme
Dual-fed and selective-receiving.
Optical power equalization of the working and protection channels
Supported.
Optical-layer ASON
Supported.
Spectrum Analyzer Boards
Board Name
80
Board Description
TNG2OPM8
8-port tunable-bandwidth optical power detection board (Super C band)
TNG3OPM8
8-port tunable-bandwidth optical power detection board (Extended C band)
TNG3WMU
Wavelength monitoring board (C band)
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TNG2OPM8 Board and Its Application
OPM8
D40
OTU OA
OTU
81
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• Front panel dimensions (H x W x D): 237.1 mm x 30.5 mm x 220.0 mm Port Silkscreen IN1–IN8
Port Type
LC
Function Connect to the "MON" optical ports of other boards for performance event monitoring. The ports can be connected to eight "MON" optical ports at the same time.
Specifications, Functions, and Features of the TNG2OPM8 board Optical Port Specifications Item Operating wavelength range (nm)
Specifications 1524.3 to 1572.5
Single-wavelength optical power detection range (dBm)
–30 to –10
Optical power detection precision (dB)
±1.5
Channel spacing (GHz)
82
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50 to 400 (step: 12.5)
Function
Description
Optical power detection
Supported.
Wavelength detection
Supported.
OSNR detection
The OSNR detection function is available when the Optical Doctor (OD) system license is used and the OD functions are configured.
Spectrum application
Supports flexible grid and Super C-band wavelength signals.
Optical-layer ASON
Supported.
VOA Boards
83
Board Name
Board Description
TNG2VA2
2-channel VOA board (Super C band)
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OA
84
OA
VA2
VA2
WSMD9
VA2
WSMD9
TNG2VA2 Board and Its Application
VA2
OA
OA
VA2
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• Front panel dimensions (H x W x D): 237.1 mm x 30.5 mm x 220.0 mm Port Silkscreen
Port Type
Function
IN1–IN2
LC
Input optical signals that require optical power adjustment.
OUT1–OUT2
LC
Output optical signals with optical power adjusted.
Specifications, Functions, and Features of the TNG2VA2 Board Optical Port Specifications Item
Specifications
Inherent insertion loss
≤ 1.5 dB
Dynamic attenuation range
20 dB
Function
Description
Basic functions
Queries its preconfigured attenuation and adjusts the optical power for two optical signals according to the control command sent by the system control board.
IN-OUT
Adjustment precision
85
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1 dB (attenuation ≤ 10 dB) 1.5 dB (attenuation ≤ 15 dB) 1.8 dB (attenuation > 15 dB)
Super C band
Supported.
Power-off protection
Supported.
Optical-layer ASON
Supported.
Attenuation range
The variable attenuation range is between 1.5 dB and 21.5 dB, and the attenuation is adjusted in increments of 0.1 dB.
Cross-Connect Boards Board Name
86
Board Description
TNG1SXCL
80G VC-3/VC-12 universal lower-order cross-connect board
TNG3CXCS
Higher-order cross-connect board As a cross-connect board, the CXCS board grooms and protects ODUk (k = 0, 1, 2, 2e, 3, 4, or flex)/VC4/packet signals in a subrack.
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Line board
CXCS
Tributary board
Application and Functions of the TNG3CXCS Board Function
Description
Basic functions
Performs centralized grooming of ODUk (k = 0, 1, 2, 2e, 3, 4, or flex)/VC-4/packet signals in the subrack.
Backup mode
Two cross-connect boards (CXCS) and two system control, cross-connect, and multi-protocol processing boards (CXP) form a cross-connect resource pool to implement service grooming. The system can still function properly if one cross-connect board is faulty.
Electrical-layer ASON
Supported. ⚫
⚫
Cross-connect capacity
⚫
⚫
87
Two small slots can be combined into one large slot. A small slot is 5.5 U high, and a large one is 11 U high. The ODUk (k = 0, 1, 2, 2e, 3, 4, or flex) cross-connect capacity of a large-slot board is 1 Tbit/s. The crossconnect capacity of the subrack is 10 Tbit/s. The VC-4 cross-connect capacity of a large-slot board is 160 Gbit/s. The cross-connect capacity of the subrack is 1.6 Tbit/s. The packet cross-connect capacity of a large-slot board is 200 Gbit/s. The cross-connect capacity of the subrack is 2 Tbit/s.
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• Front panel dimensions (H x W x D): 477.3 mm x 30.5 mm x 220.0 mm • Note: ▫ The tributary board can be a TDM board or a packet service board. ▫ The line board can be a universal line board.
Universal Line Boards Board Name
88
Board Description
TNV6U210
10 x 10 Gbit/s universal line service processing board
TNV6U220
20 x 10 Gbit/s universal line service processing board
TNU6U402
2 x 100 Gbit/s universal line service processing board
TNU6U501
1 x 100/200 Gbit/s programmable hybrid line service processing board
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TDM board
Packets
STM-64/ STM-16
OTU2/OTU2e
Multiplexer/Demulti plexer board
Packet board
ODUk
U220
OTN tributary board
C ross-connect board
TNV6U220 Board and Its Application
Service mapping path (10G line mode) • OTN: 160 x ODU0/160 x ODUflex/80 x ODU1/20 x ODU2 20 x OTU2 • OTN: 20 x ODU2e 20 x OTU2e • Packet: Packet signals providing a maximum cross-connect capacity of 200 Gbit/s 60 x ODU0/60 x ODUflex/60 x ODU1/20 x ODU2 20 x OTU2/OTU2e • SDH: 8 x STM-64 8 x ODU2 8 x OTU2 • SDH: 32 x STM-16 32 x ODU1 8 x OTU2 89
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• As a universal line board, the TNV6U220 board supports hybrid transmission of OTN, SDH, and packet services. It can also transmit only one of the three services.
• Front panel dimensions (H x W x D): 477.3 mm x 30.5 mm x 220.0 mm
Functions and Features of the TNV6U220 Board Function (OTN) PRBS
FEC encoding IEEE 1588v2
Physical-layer clock Loopback ESC Protection Optical-layer/Electricallayer ASON
Description Supported on the WDM side
QoS
Supported
Protection
Tunnel APS 1:1 protection PW APS 1:1 protection Intra-board and inter-board LAG protection ERPS V1/V2
Supported
Remote network monitoring (RMON)
Supported
ODUk SNCP/Tributary SNCP Intra-board 1+1 protection
MPLS-TP OAM
Supported
Ethernet service OAM (CFM)
Supported
Ethernet port OAM (EFM)
Not supported
Port mirroring
Not supported
LPT function
Not supported
SNCP/1+1 single-ended linear MSP/Ring MSP
Maximum frame length
9600 bytes
Supported
Port flow control
Not supported
Inband DCN
Supported
Packet service protection against multiple fiber cuts
Not supported
⚫ ⚫
FEC encoding compliant with ITU-T G.709 AFEC-2 encoding compliant with ITU-T G.975.1
Supported
Supported (ODU0/ODU1/ODUflex) WDM-side loopback ODUk (k = 0, 1, or flex) channel loopback
Supported
Protection SDH clock synchronization
Outband DCN 90
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Description E-Line (VPWS)/E-LAN (VPLS)
Function (SDH)
Loopback
Function (Packet) Service type
Description
VC channel loopback/Virtual port loopback
Supported
SCC Boards
Board Name
91
Board Description
TMF1SCC
SCC board
TNG3CXP
Universal cross-connect, system control, and clock processing board
TMF1AUX
System auxiliary communication board with the clock function
TME1CTU
System auxiliary communication board with the clock function
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TMF1SCC Board
Function Basic functions
Active/Standby backup
92
Description • Manages device configurations and outputs alarms. • Backs up NE data. • The SATA card can be used to back up SCC data. Supports mutual backup of the active and standby boards. The system has two SCC boards that provide 1+1 hot backup. When the active SCC board is faulty, data is automatically switched to the standby SCC board.
Subrack cascading
Supported.
Optical-layer ASON
Supported.
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• As a board that requires only one slot, the TMF1SCC board can be installed in slot IU71 or IU72. • The SCC board is an SCC board that interoperates with the NMS to manage boards and achieve communication between devices. • Principles for configuring system control boards:
▫ For the master subrack, system control boards must be configured. ▫ For slave subracks, no system control boards need to be configured.
Application and Functions of the TNG3CXP Board
Line board
CXP
Tributary board
Function Basic functions DCN communication
Supported
Active/Standby backup
1+1 hot backup
Clock function
Supported
Protection
Electrical-layer ASON
93
Description • Grooms ODUk (k = 0, 1, 2, 2e, 3, 4, or flex)/VC4/packet signals in the subrack, manages configurations, and outputs alarms. • Backs up NE data.
• SCC boards support active/standby protection (1+1). • Cross-connect boards support 1+1 load sharing. • Supports non-revertive automatic switching and manual switching. Supported
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• The TNG3CXP board can be installed in slot IU71 or IU72 of the E9624 subrack. • Note: ▫ The tributary board can be a TDM board or a packet service board. ▫ The line board can be a universal line board.
Cross-Connect Capacity of the TNG3CXP Board Subrack Type
E9624
94
Working Mode
Maximum Cross-Connect Capacity per Slota ODUk
VC-4
Packet
1:1 mode
400 Gbit/s
160 Gbit/s
200 Gbit/s
1:3 mode
1 Tbit/s
160 Gbit/s
200 Gbit/s
Maximum Cross-Connect Capacity per Subrack ODUk
10 Tbit/s
VC-4
1.6 Tbit/s
Packet
2 Tbit/s
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• a: Two small slots can be combined into one large slot. A small slot is 5.5 U high and a large one is 11 U high.
TMF1AUX Board Function Basic functions
95
Description • Implements inter-board and inter-subrack communication, and intrasubrack management. • The AUX board provides clock signals and frame header signals for service boards.
Active/Standby switching
The board uses a 1+1 hot backup scheme. Two AUX boards back up each other. In normal cases, one AUX board is the active clock board and the other is the standby clock board. Service boards select the clock source according to the status of the two AUX boards. When the active AUX board is faulty, an active/standby switching occurs. Then, the standby AUX board becomes active, and the service boards select the clock from the current active AUX board according to the status of the two AUX boards.
Clock source selection
Traces external clock sources, service clock sources, or local clock sources to provide a synchronization clock source for the board itself and the system.
Time synchronization
The board synchronizes the time of an NE with the time of the upstream system.
Port
• Provides Ethernet communication ports. • Provides common and emergency inter-subrack communication ports. • Provides clock and time signal input and output ports.
DCN communication
Supports the interconnection and communication between NEs in IP over DCC or HWECC mode.
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• As a board that requires only one slot, the TMF1AUX board can be installed in slot IU73 or IU74.
TME1CTU Board Function
Description
Basic functions
• Implements inter-board and inter-subrack communication, and intra-subrack management. • Provides ITU-T G.813, ITU-T G.823, and ITU-T G.8275.1-compliant clock signals and frame header signals for service boards and synchronizes the time of an NE with the time of the upstream system. In this manner, it achieves clock/time synchronization for the NE.
Active/Standby switching
The CTU board uses a 1+1 hot backup scheme. Two CTU boards back up each other. In normal cases, one CTU board is the active clock board and the other is the standby clock board. Service boards select the clock source according to the status of the two CTU boards. When the active CTU board is faulty, an active/standby switching occurs. Then, the standby CTU board becomes active, and the service boards select the clock from the current active CTU board according to the status of the two CTU boards.
Clock source selection
Traces external clock sources, service clock sources, or local clock sources to provide a synchronization clock source for the board itself and the system.
Time synchronization
The board synchronizes the time of an NE with the time of the upstream system.
Port DCN communication
96
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• Provides Ethernet communication ports. • Provides common and emergency inter-subrack communication ports. • Provides clock and time signal input and output ports.
Supports the interconnection and communication between NEs in IP over DCC or HWECC mode.
Quiz 1. (Multiple-answer question) Which of the following statements about line boards are incorrect? A. N401: 1 x 100 Gbit/s line service processing board B. N210: 10 x 10 Gbit/s line service processing board C. N502: 2 x 200 Gbit/s line service processing board (CFP)
D. N602: 2 x 400 Gbit/s line service processing board
97
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• Answer: CD
Contents 1. Product Overview 2. Cabinets and Subracks
3. Boards ▫ Boards of the OptiXtrans E9600 ◼
Boards of the OptiXtrans E6600
▫ Boards of the OptiXtrans DC908
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Barcode
99
8 Board name
7 RoHS code
6 Serial number
4 Manufacture year 5 Manufacture month
3 Vendor
2 BOM code
1 Type code
028467104B000085 Y1 LPS-FRM800-PIU
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• Type code: "02" indicates a manufactured board and "03" indicates a finished board. • BOM code: indicates the last four digits of a BOM code on a board.
• Vendor: indicates the vendor of a board. "10" indicates Huawei. • Manufacture year: indicates the last digit of the year when a board is manufactured. For example, "4" indicates 2004. From 2010 onwards, a letter is used to indicate the manufacture year. For example, the letter A indicates 2010, the letter B indicates 2011, and so on.
• Manufacture month: indicates the month when a board is manufactured. The value is expressed in hexadecimal format. For example, the letter B indicates November. • Serial number: The value ranges from 000001 to 999999. • RoHS compliance:
▫ Y indicates that the product satisfies RoHS5 requirements and its lead status is not identified. ▫ Y1/Y3 indicates that the product satisfies RoHS5 requirements and contains lead. ▫ Y2 indicates that the product satisfies RoHS6 requirements and is lead-free.
▫ N indicates that the product is not environmentally friendly. • Board name: indicates the name of a board.
Two-dimensional Barcode
1. One-dimensional (1D) code
2. Item number (BOM code)
7. Two-dimensional (2D) code
PN: 03020KHV-001 TNF1SCC SN: 101470037480
3. Serial number
100
MADE IN CHINA Y3
5. Country of origin
4: Model 6. RoHS code
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• One-dimensional barcode: A 1D code contains the serial number of an item, compliant with ISO/IEC 15417 Code128, and is used for barcode scanning. • An item number refers to the ID of an item, and is a string of 8 to 17 characters containing letters, digits, hyphens (-), and equal signs (=). An item number is also known as a part number (PN). Generally, the item number of a board is a string of 8 or 12 characters. • A serial number (SN) is the exclusive identifier of an item. The SN helps aftersales personnel identify the period of warranty service. The value is a string of 12, 16, or 20 characters containing digits and letters. • Model: The value can contain digits and letters. For a board, this field contains information about the version, name, type, and correlation of the board. • Country of origin: indicates the country in which an item is manufactured. • RoHS code: ▫ An RoHS code identifies the environmental protection information. Possible values are as follows: ▪ Y: indicates that the product satisfies RoHS5 requirements and its lead status is not identified. ▪ Y1/Y3: indicates that the product satisfies RoHS5 requirements and contains lead. ▪ Y2: indicates that the product satisfies RoHS6 requirements and is lead-free. ▪ N: indicates that the product is not environmentally friendly. • A 2D code contains information about the serial number, item number, and manufacturer identifier of an item. Some 2D codes do not contain manufacturer identifier information due to length limitations.
Optical Transponder Boards Board Type
Optical transponder board
101
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Board Name
Board Description
TNF2ELOM
Enhanced 8 x Any-rate service aggregation and OTU board
TNF1LDX
2 x 10 Gbit/s OTU board
TNF2LDX
2 x 10 Gbit/s OTU board
TNF1LSC
1 x 100GE/OTU4 OTU board
TNF1LTX
10 x High-speed Any-rate service aggregation and OTU board
TNF2LTX
11 x High-speed Any-rate service aggregation and OTU board
TNF3LTX
11 x High-speed Any-rate service aggregation and OTU board
TNF1LSX
10 Gbit/s OTU board
TNF2LSX
10 Gbit/s OTU board
TMB1LDCD
4 x 100 Gbit/s to 2 x OTUC2 service convergence and OTU board
TMB1LDC
2 x 100 Gbit/s to 1 x OTUC2/OTU4 service convergence and OTU board
TMB1ELOM
Enhanced 8 x Any-rate service aggregation and OTU board
TMB1LDX
2 x 10 Gbit/s OTU board
TMB1LDCA
2 x 100 Gbit/s or 10 x 10 Gbit/s high-speed Any-rate service convergence and OTU board
TMB1LTX
12 x High-speed Any-rate service aggregation and OTU board
Client-side device
TNB1ELOM Board and Its Application ODU1
OADM
ELOM
TX1/RX1
ODU1
TX2/RX2
ODU1
TX3/RX3
ODU1
... TX8/RX8
1 x AP8 general mode: ODU0 non-convergence mode: 8 x Any (125 Mbit/s to 125 Gbit/s) < -> 2 x OTU2 ODU1 convergence mode: 8 x Any (125 Mbit/s to 12.5 Gbit/s)/InfiniBand 2.5G < -> 2 x OTU2 ODU1 non-convergence mode: 8 x Any (1.5 Gbit/s to 2.67 Gbit/s) < -> 2 x OTU2 ODUflex non-convergence mode: 8 x Any (2.5 Gbit/s to 4.25 Gbit/s) < -> 2 x OTU2 1 x AP1 ODU2 mode: 1 x Any (4.9 Gbit/s to 10.5 Gbit/s)/InfiniBand 5G < -> 1 x (OTU2/OTU2e) 1 x AP1: 1 x CPRI option6/FC800/FICON 8G/InfiniBand 5G < -> 1 x OTU2 102
IN1/OUT1
ODU1 ODU1
Application modes of the B1ELOM board
ODU2 OTU2
ODU1
ELOM
East ODU2 OTU2
IN2/OUT2
ODU1
• Service between the client side and WDM side (The solid arrowhead represents a working channel, and the dotted arrowhead represents a protection channel.) • Pass-through service between the east and west WDM sides
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Port Silkscreen IN1/OUT1– IN2/OUT2 X1/RX1– TX8/RX8
Port Type
Function
LC
Receives signals from or transmits signals to the OADM board of the WDM-side device.
LC (optical port) or RJ45 (electrical port)
Transmits/Receives client-side service signals.
• Functioning as an enhanced 8 x multi-rate OTU board, the TNB1ELOM board performs conversion between Any services and OTU2(e) services. • The B1ELOM board supports the ODUk ADM mode. That is, the ELOM board supports 10G pass-through capability and 20G service grooming capability, and supports pass-through of ODU0, ODU1, and ODUflex services. The preceding figure shows the pass-through of ODU1 services.
Functions and Features of the TNB1ELOM Board Function ALS Tunable wavelength
Description Supported when non-OTN services are received. The output optical signals on the WDM side are tunable within the C-band 80-wavelength range, and the channel spacing is 50 GHz.
PRBS
Supported
ESC
Supported
LPT
Supported when GE, FE, and 10GE LAN services are received.
FEC
Line side: FEC/AFEC-2
Latency measurement
Supported
IEEE 1588v2
Supported
Physical-layer clock Protection Synchronous Ethernet
104
OTU2 physical-layer clock Intra-board 1+1 protection/Client 1+1 protection/ODUk SNCP (k = 0, 1, 2, or flex). Supported
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• Dimensions (H x W x D): 19.8 mm x 193.8 mm x 205.9 mm
TMB1LDC Board and Its Application
105
DMUX
LDC
MUX
LDC
Mapping Path
200G line board
OTU4/100GE 1 x OTUC2
100G line board
OTU4/100GE 1 x OTU4
Working Mode 100G regeneration board
DMUX
OADM
LDC
Client-side device Working Mode
MUX
Regeneration mode
OTU mode
Mapping Path 1 x OTU4 1 x OTU4
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• Note: You need to set the LDC board mode to electrical regeneration mode.
Functions and Features of the TMB1LDC Board Function (OTU Mode)
106
Description
ALS
Supported (100GE)
PRBS
Supported
LPT
Not supported
Protection
Intra-board 1+1 protection/Client 1+1 protection
Physical-layer clock
Supported
IEEE 1588v2
Supported (100GE)
ITU-T G.8275.1/ITU-T G.8273.2
Supported (100GE)
Test frame
Supported when the client-side service type is 100GE and the port service mapping path is MAC transparent mapping.
Client service encryption
Supports AES-256 encryption for services accessed through ports.
Loopback
Supported
LS
Supported
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• Dimensions (H x W x D): 19.8 mm x 193.8 mm x 205.9 mm Port Silkscreen
Port Type
Function
OUT1/IN1
LC
Receives signals from or transmits signals to the OADM board of the WDM-side device.
TX1/RX1– TX2/RX2
LC/MPO
Transmits/Receives client-side service signals.
Boards of the OptiX OSN 1800/OptiXtrans E6600 Board Type
Board Name
Board Description
TMK1TDC
2 x 100 Gbit/s tributary service processing board
TMK1TTA
10 x Any-rate tributary service processing board
TMK1UNS5
1 x 200 Gbit/s universal line service processing board
TMK1UNQ2
4 x 10 Gbit/s universal line service processing board
General service processing board
TMK1GTA
10 x 10 Gbit/s general service processing board
Packet board
TMK1EX10
10 x 10GE/GE/FE service processing board
TNF1SL1Q
4 x STM-1 optical interface board
TNF1SL4D
2 x STM-4 optical interface board
TMB1SL16S
1 x STM-16 service processing board
TMB1SL41Q
4 x STM-1/STM-4 service processing board
TMB1SL41O
8 x STM-1/STM-4 service processing board
TMK1SLNO
4 x STM-16/8 x STM-4/8 x STM-1 service processing board
TMK1SL16Q
4 x STM-16 service processing board
TMK1SL64S
1 x STM-64 service processing board
Tributary board Universal line board
SDH board
107
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108
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ODUflex (n = 1 to 160)
ODUflex (n = 1 to 160)
Universal line board
2 x ODU4
Universal line board
100GE
TDC
100GE
2 x ODU4
Cross-connect board
100GE/OTU4
TDC
100GE/OTU4
Cross-connect board
TMK1TDC Board and Its Application
Functions and Features of the TMK1TDC Board Function ALS PRBS
Supported when OTU4 services are received.
Latency measurement
Supported.
ESC
Supported.
Protection
Tributary SNCP/ODUk SNCP/Client 1+1 protection.
Test frame
Supported when 100GE services are received on the client side.
Service encapsulation mode
FEC Loopback
109
Description Supported when non-OTN services are received on the client side.
100GE: bit transparent mapping/MAC transparent mapping.
Supported when OTU4 services are received. Client-side inloops and outloops.
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• Front panel dimensions (H x W x D): 19.8 mm x 193.8 mm x 205.9 mm Port Silkscreen T1/R1–T2/R2
Port Type LC/MPO
Function Transmits/Receives client-side service signals.
TMK1UNS5 Board and Its Application (Line Mode)
1 x OTU4
1 x OTUC2
MUX/DMUX
UNS5
ODU0/ODU1/ ODU2/ODU3/ ODU4/ODUflex
UNS5
OTN signal
C ross-connect board
100G mode
110
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ODU0/ODU1/ ODU2/ODU2e/ ODU3/ODU4/ ODUflex
MUX/DMUX
OTN signal
C ross-connect board
200G mode
Functions and Features of the TMK1UNS5 Board
Function (OTN) PRBS
FEC type
FEC/SDFEC2
IEEE 1588v2
Supported
G.8273.2
Supported
G.8275.1
Supported
Physical-layer clock
Supported
Loopback ESC Protection
111
Description Supported
⚫ ⚫
System-side channel inloops and outloops WDM-side inloops and outloops
Supported Line-side 1+1 protection/ODUk SNCP
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• The UNS5 board is a universal line board. It supports hybrid transmission of OTN, SDH, and packet services with a maximum bandwidth of 200 Gbit/s. The UNS5 board processes and converts the received service signals into one OTU4 or OTUC2 signal carried over an ITU-T G.694.1-compliant DWDM wavelength. • The board of the current version supports only the OTN feature. • Dimensions (H x W x D): 19.8 mm x 193.8 mm x 205.9 mm Port Silkscreen Port Type Function IN/OUT
LC
Receives single-wavelength signals from the optical demultiplexer board or the OADM board.
TMK1GTA Board and Its Application
MUX/DMUX
GTA
C ross-connect board
Line mode
Backplane
GTA
C lient-side device
Tributary mode
Service conversion 10 x (125 Mbit/s to 1.25 Gbit/s signals) 10 x ODU0 10 x (1.49 Gbit/s to 2.67 Gbit/s signals) 10 x ODU1 10 x (125 Mbit/s to 2.5 Gbit/s signals) 1–10 x ODU1 10 x 10GE LAN/10GE WAN/STM-64/OC-192/OTU2/OTU2e/FC800/ FICON 8G/FC1200/FICON 10G/InfiniBand 10G 10 x ODU2/ODU2e 10 x 3G-SDI/InfiniBand 2.5G/10GE LAN 10 x ODUflex 10 x OTU1 20 x ODU0
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• T1/R1 to T10/R10 are the port silkscreens on the front panel, indicating ports TX1/RX1 to T10/R10. • Front panel dimensions (H x W x D): 19.8 mm x 193.8 mm x 205.9 mm Port Silkscreen
T1/R1– T10/R10
Port Type
LC
Function Tributary mode: Transmit service signals to or receive service signals from the client-side device. Line mode/Regeneration mode: Transmit singlewavelength signals to or receive singlewavelength signals from the optical multiplexer board or the OADM board.
Functions and Features of the TMK1GTA Board Function (Line Mode) FEC
Description FEC/AFEC-2
Optical-layer ASON
Not supported
ALS
Not supported
PRBS
Supported
Electrical-layer ASON ESC node LPT function
Not supported Supported Not supported
Physical-layer clock
Supported (ODU0/ODU1/ODUflex)
Protection
Tributary SNCP/ODUk SNCP/Intraboard 1+1 protection
Loopback
Supported
Latency measurement
Supported
Function (Tributary Mode)
Description
ALS
Supported when the client-side service type is not OTN.
Synchronous Ethernet
Supported
IEEE 1588v2
Supported
G.8273.2
Supported
G.8275.1
Supported
PRBS
Supported
Latency measurement
Supported
Outband DCN
Supported
FEC mode LPT
Ethernet service mapping mode Protection Service encryption
113
FEC Supported when the client-side service type is FE, GE, or 10GE LAN.
•GE/10GE LAN Tributary SNCP/ODUk SNCP/Client 1+1 protection Supported
Huawei Confidential
• GE: GE (TTT-GMP)/GE (GFP-T) • 10GE LAN: bit transparent mapping (11.1G)/MAC transparent mapping (10.7G)
114
10 x OTU2
MUX/DMUX
Packets
Universal line board
Packets
C ross-connect board
10 x 10GE/ GE/FE
EX10
TMK1EX10 Board and Its Application
Huawei Confidential
• The EX10 board is a packet board that receives and transmits 10GE/GE/FE services to the cross-connect board for packet data processing and device-level centralized grooming. On the WDM side, a packet service processing board is used to transmit the packet services on the WDM network.
Functions and Features of the TMK1EX10 Board Function Backplane bandwidth Service type Maximum frame length
Protection
E-Line (VPWS)/E-LAN (VPLS) The maximum frame length ranges from 1518 bytes to 9600 bytes. The length of allowed frames ranges from 64 bytes to the maximum frame length plus 72 bytes.
1:1 tunnel APS/1:1 PW FPS/1:1 PW APS/LAG/ERPS/LPT
QoS
Supported
RMON
Supported
Loopback
115
Description 100 Gbit/s
⚫ ⚫
PHY inloops and outloops MAC inloops and outloops
Synchronous Ethernet
Supported
IEEE 1588v2
Supported
Inband DCN
Supported
HQoS
Supported
LLDP
Supported
Huawei Confidential
• 10 x 10GE/GE/FE service processing board • Dimensions (H x W x D): 19.8 mm x 193.8 mm x 205.9 mm Port Silkscreen T1/R1– T10/R10
Port Type LC
Function Transmit/Receive client-side service signals.
116
Huawei Confidential
VC
Universal line board
VC
C ross-connect board
4 x STM-4/ 4 x STM-1
SL41Q
TMB1SL41Q Board and Its Application
Functions and Features of the TMB1SL41Q Board Function Optical port specifications
Optical module specifications
Description • • •
Provides standard S-4.1, L-4.1, and L-4.2 optical ports. All the optical ports comply with ITU-T G.957. Supports CWDM colored optical ports, which support a transmission distance of 80 km.
• • • •
Supports detection and query of information about optical modules. Supports single-fiber bidirectional pluggable optical modules. Pluggable optical modules can be hot-swapped. Supports information query, usage, and monitoring of SFP pluggable optical modules, facilitating optical module maintenance. Allows setting the on/off state of the laser and supports the automatic laser shutdown (ALS) function.
• Service processing Protection DCN
117
Supports VC-12/VC-3/VC-4 services and VC-4-4c concatenation services. Two-fiber bidirectional ring MSP/Linear MSP/SNCP. Outband DCN.
Huawei Confidential
• Dimensions (H x W x D): 19.8 mm x 193.8 mm x 205.9 mm Port Silkscreen Port1–Port4
Port Type LC
Function Transmit/Receive client-side service signals.
Boards of the OptiX OSN 1800/OptiXtrans E6600 Board Type EoS board
PDH board
PCM board
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Board Name
Board Description
TMB1EMS10
10 x Ethernet EoS switching and processing board
TMB1EGS4
4 x GE switching and processing board
TMB1EFS8
8 x FE switching and processing board
TNF1PL3T
3 x E3/T3 electrical interface board
TNF1PL4D
2 x E4 service processing board
TMB1DMS
32 x E1/T1 electrical interface board
TMB1PD1
32 x E1/T1 service processing board
TNW1AT8
8 x 2-/4-wire audio and E&M processing board
TNW1DIO
10 x input and 4 x output Boolean board
TNW1DXM
DDN service access and convergence board
TNW1FXSO12
12 x FXS/FXO processing board
TNW1PF4E8
4 x 2 Mbit/s optical interface and 8 x E1/T1 electrical interface board
119
VC
Universal line board
VC
C ross-connect board
...
1 x 10GE 10 x FE 10 x GE
EMS10
TMB1EMS10 Board and Its Application
Huawei Confidential
• Dimensions (H x W x D): 19.8 mm x 193.8 mm x 205.9 mm
Port Silkscreen TX1/RX1– TX10/RX10
Port Type LC or RJ-45
Function Transmit/Receive client-side service signals.
Functions and Features of the TMB1EMS10 Board Function Bound bandwidth Concatenation granularity Port traffic monitoring Service type
Protection Synchronous Ethernet IEEE 1588v2
VC-12/VC-3/VC-4/VC-12-Xv (X ≤ 63)/VC-3-Xv (X ≤ 24)/VC-4-Xv (X ≤ 8) Auto-negotiation mode (supported only by the first six GE ports) Non-auto-negotiation mode (supported only by the first six ports) EPL/EVPL/EPLAN/EVPLAN
DLAG/LAG/LCAS/LPT/STP/RSTP/MSTP Supported (not supported by SFP electrical modules) Not supported
ETH-OAM
Supported
RMON
Supported
QoS
Supported
IGMP listening
Supported
Flow control Traffic monitoring Ping response 120
Description 16 x VC-4/48 x VC-3/504 x VC-12
Huawei Confidential
IEEE 802.3x-compliant Supports port-based and VCTRUNK-based traffic monitoring. Supported
System control and cross-connect board
PD1
...
32 x E1/T1 Electrical signal
DMS
PD1
TMB1PD1 & TMB1DMS Application
121
Huawei Confidential
• Two PD1 boards and one DMS board are used together to implement TPS protection. • The PD1 board has no independent physical slot and can be used only with the DMS board. The valid logical slots of the PD1 board are slots 121 to 140. Slots 122, 124, 126, 128, 130, 132, 134, 136, 138, and 140 can only be used to house protection boards with TPS protection, and cannot be configured with services.
Functions and Features of the TMB1PD1 & TMB1DMS Boards TMB1PD1 Function
TMB1DMS Description
Alarm and performance event
Provides a wide variety of alarms and performance events, which facilitates device management and maintenance.
TPS protection
Works together with two PD1 boards to implement TPS protection.
Loopback
Inloops and outloops at electrical ports.
PRBS
Supported.
Reset
Supports warm and cold resets. Warm resets do not adversely affect services.
Tributary clock source
Supported.
Hot swap
Supported.
122
Function
Description
Alarm and performance event
Monitors the operating temperature of the boards and reports alarms.
TPS protection
Works together with two PD1 boards to implement TPS protection.
Tributary clock source
Supports source selection for E1 and T1 clocks.
Huawei Confidential
• Dimensions (H x W x D) of the TMB1PD1 board: 19.8 mm x 96.4 mm x 161.5 mm • Dimensions (H x W x D) of the TMB1DMS board: 40.1 mm x 193.8 mm x 205.9 mm
PCM Boards
123
Huawei Confidential
• The DXM board of a WDM device is used to access and aggregate services and to cross-connect 64 kbit/s E1 signals on the system side. • The DXM board can access 4 x Framed E1 services, 2 x sub-rate/N x 64 kbit/s services, 8 x G.703 64 kbit/s codirectional services, 2 x G.703 64 kbit/s reverse services, 8 x RS-232/RS-485 services, 5 x RS-422 services/8 x RS-232 transparent transmission services/5 x RS-422 transparent transmission services, multiplexer group services, and E1 DCN services. In addition, it can process 63 x E1 signals on the system side, 64 kbit/s cross-connections, and 8 kbit/s cross-connections. • The FXSO12 board provides 12 FXS/FXO ports to transmit or receive analog voice signals for voice sessions. • The AT8 board provides eight 2/4-wire audio or E&M analog regeneration ports to transparently transmit signaling and voice signals over a long distance. • It is applicable in two typical networking scenarios. ▫ Application 1: PBXs are connected to the WDM device through 2/4-wire audio or E&M ports. E&M ports are used to transmit signaling and 2/4-wire audio ports are used to transmit voice services. The WDM device functions as a trunk for signaling and voice services. ▫ Application 2: If only E&M ports are available, only one connectivity signal is transmitted. This applies to scenarios where control signals are remotely transmitted to implement remote control. • The PF4E8 board provides four 2 Mbit/s optical ports and eight E1/T1 electrical ports. The board can be used on the WDM device to support the upstream/downstream processing of PDH signals, and the access and processing of eight E1/T1 signals. The board can also transparently transmit 2 Mbit/s optical signals to the peer device over a long distance. It can also process and transmit C37.94 optical signals.
FXSO12 Board and Its Application Z interface extension service
WDM device
WDM device
PBX
Hotline service
WDM device 124
WDM device
Huawei Confidential
• Dimensions (H x W x D): 19.8 mm x 193.8 mm x 205.9 mm • PBX: private branch exchange • It is applicable in two typical networking scenarios. ▫ Application 1: FXS and FXO ports are configured in pairs, working with a PBX to provide the Z-interface extension function.
▫ Application 2: FXS ports are configured in pairs to provide the hotline function.
Functions and Features of the FXSO12 Board Function
Description ⚫
Basic functions
⚫ ⚫
NMS port
Service processing
Overhead processing Alarm and performance event
⚫
Supports configuration and query of V5/J2 bytes. Provides alarms and performance events for maintenance and fault locating.
⚫ ⚫ ⚫ ⚫
125
External port: DDN-1 to DDN-12, identifying 12 external ports. The timeslot of an external port is always 1, and the port number ranges from 1 to 12. Internal port: 2M-1 to 2M-12, identifying 12 internal E1 ports. The timeslot of an internal port is 1 to 15 or 17 to 31, and the port number ranges from 65 to 76.
Receives and processes 12 x 64 kbit/s signals.
⚫
Maintenance
Provides 12 FXS/FXO ports and supports configuration and query of the FXS/FXO port type. − Tx gain on an FXS port (dB): –12.0 to 0.0 (step: 0.5) − Rx gain on an FXS port (dB): –6.0 to 5.0 (step: 0.5) − Tx gain on an FXO port (dB): –16.5 to 13.5 (step: 0.5) − Rx gain on an FXO port (dB): –16.5 to 11.0 (step: 0.5) Supports the BROSCHT function.
Supports warm and cold resets. Warm resets do not adversely affect services. Supports query of board manufacturer information. Supports board temperature detection and alarm reporting. Supports board temperature detection, alarm reporting, and performance statistics collection. Supports hot swapping.
Huawei Confidential
• The FXSO12 board supports VC-12 SNCP and E1 SNCP. • Battery feeding, ringing, overvoltage protection, supervision, coding/decoding, hybrid circuit, test (BROSCHT)
Boards of the OptiX OSN 1800/OptiXtrans E6600 Board Type OADM board
ROADM board
Optical multiplexer/demultiplexer board
OA board
126
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Board Name
Board Description
TNF1EMR4
Enhanced 4 x OADM board
TNF1EMR8
Enhanced 8 x OADM board
TNF1SBM8
Single-fiber bidirectional 8 x OADM board
TMB1DWS20AFS
A four-in-one board that integrates 20-degree ROADM, optical amplification, optical monitoring, and multiplexing/demultiplexing functions.
TNF1DFIU01/02/03/04
Optical fiber line interface board
TNF1DSFIU01/02
(East & West) Bidirectional fiber interface board that supports synchronous information transmission.
TNF1ITL
Interleaver
TNF1EX40
Enhanced 40-channel multiplexer/demultiplexer board
TMB1EX40
Enhanced 40-channel multiplexer/demultiplexer board
TNF1BAS1
Transmit/Receive OA board with the OSC
TNF1OBU
Optical power amplifier board
TNF2OBU
Optical power amplifier board
TNF1OPU
Optical preamplifier board
TMB1DAP
C-band 2-channel pluggable OA base board
TNF1EMR4 Board and Its Application
Customer Customer service service
OTU
Customer Customer service service
OTU
OTU
… A1
D1 A4
EMR4
127
D4
D1
A1
D4
A4 OUT
IN
OUT
OTU
…
MO
MI
MI
MO
EMR4 IN
Huawei Confidential
• The EMR4 board adds/drops four wavelength signals to/from the multiplexed signals in a direction. Silkscreen Port Type Function • Port Front panel dimensions (H x W x D): 19.8 mm x 193.8 mm x 205.9 mm IN/OUT
LC
Inputs/Outputs multiplexed signals.
A1–A4
LC
Receives one optical signal from the OTU or integrated client-side device and couples them to the multiplexed signals.
D1–D4
LC
Diverts one optical signal from the multiplexed signals and outputs them to the OTU or integrated client-side device.
MI/MO
LC
Functions as a cascading input/output port to send the multiplexed signals to other OADM boards and to add/drop the other multiplexed signals.
Function
Basic functions
WDM specifications
Description Adds or drops four consecutive wavelengths from multiplexed signals. Provides optical ports for cascading with other OADM boards. Supports PIN optical power detection on the multiplexing output port. Supports automatic optical power commissioning. Supports DWDM specifications.
MD01
MD01
MD40
OA
OA
OTU
OTU
MD40
OTU
Client-side service
MD40
Client-side service
EX40
EX40
OA
...
OTU
OA
EX40
OTU
EX40
OTU
MD40
OTU
...
Client-side service
MD01
MD01
...
128
OTU
...
Client-side service
TMB1EX40 Board and Its Application
Huawei Confidential
• The preceding figure shows the application of EX40 boards in a two-fiber bidirectional system. • The EX40 board can multiplex a maximum of 40 ITU-T G.694.1-compliant standard-wavelength optical signals into one optical signal, or demultiplex one optical signal to a maximum of 40 ITU-T G.694.1-compliant standard-wavelength optical signals. When the TMB1EX40 board is used in this application scenario, optical ports MD01 to MD40 are used for receiving/transmitting optical signals. • Front panel dimensions (H x W x D): 40.1 mm x 193.8 mm x 205.9 mm
Specifications, Functions, and Features of the TMB1EX40 Board Optical Port Specifications Optical Port
Item
-
Operating frequency range
THz
EX4001: 192.10–196.00 EX4002: 192.15–196.05
-
Adjacent channel spacing
GHz
100
Insertion loss
dB
≤ 6.5
Adjacent channel isolation
dB
Specifications
Non-adjacent channel isolation -
Function
Description
Online optical power monitoring
Provides an online monitoring optical port to which a spectrum analyzer can be connected to monitor the spectrum of the main optical path without interrupting services.
> 25
Alarm and performance event monitoring
Detects optical power and reports the alarms and performance events of the board.
dB
> 30
WDM specifications
Supports DWDM specifications.
Reflectance
dB
< –40
-
Polarizationdependent loss
dB
≤ 0.5
-
Temperature
nm/℃
≤ 0.002
-
Maximum insertion loss difference between channels
dB
≤3
LINE-MDx
129
Unit
Huawei Confidential
DAP
DMUX
AST2
130
FIU
MUX
TMB1DAP Board and Its Application
DAP
Huawei Confidential
• The DAP board is a C-band dual-channel pluggable OA base board that amplifies optical signals. Configured at the transmit and receive ends of the device respectively.
• Dimensions (H x W x D): 19.8 mm x 193.8 mm x 205.9 mm Port Silkscreen
Port Type
Function
IN_1/IN_2
LC
Inputs multiplexed signals to be amplified.
OUT_1/OUT_2
LC
Outputs amplified multiplexed signals.
VI_1/VI_2
LC
Inputs the multiplexed signals for which the optical power needs to be adjusted by the VOA.
VO_1/VO_2
LC
Outputs the multiplexed signals that have undergone power adjustment to the EDFA module. Connects to an optical spectrum analyzer for online optical performance monitoring.
MON_1/MON_2
LC
TDC/RDC
LC
The split ratio between the MON port and the OUT port is 1:99. In other words, the optical power of the MON port is 20 dB lower than that of the OUT port, which is calculated using the following formula: Pout (dBm) – Pmon (dBm) = 10 x lg(99/1) = 20 dB. Connects to the DCM for dispersion compensation.
Functions and Features of the TMB1DAP Board Function Basic functions
Description Amplifies optical signals over C-band wavelengths in the range of 1529 nm to 1561 nm. Supports unregenerated transmission for various spans.
Unregenerated transmission in different spans
Supported.
Online optical performance monitoring
Supported.
Working mode Performance event and alarm monitoring
Gain adjustment
131
In gain locking mode, the gain of the EDFA is tunable and users can query the actual gain of the EDFA. Supported. TN15OAC101: Continuously adjusts the gain from 20 dB to 31 dB. TN15OAC103: Continuously adjusts the gain from 24 dB to 36 dB. TN15OAC106: Continuously adjusts the gain from 16 dB to 23 dB. TN15OBC103: The gain cannot be adjusted. TN15OBC107: The gain cannot be adjusted.
Huawei Confidential
• The board supports gain locking and transient state control. • The EDFA inside the board has the gain locking function. When one or more channels are added or reduced or the optical signals in some channels fluctuate, the signal gain of other channels is not affected. • The EDFA inside the board has the transient control function. When channels are added or deleted, the system can be smoothly upgraded and expanded by suppressing the optical power fluctuation of the channels.
Boards of the OptiX OSN 1800/OptiXtrans E6600 Board Name System control, switching, and clock board
OSC board
Optical protection board
Spectrum analyzer board
PIU/Fan board
132
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Board Description
TMB1SCC
System control & Communication board with OSC
TMK2UXCL
Universal cross-connect, system control, and clock processing board
TMK5SXCH
System control, cross-connect, and clock board
TNF1ST2
Bidirectional OSC and clock transmission board
TNF1AST4
4-channel OSC and clock transmission board (with advanced OTDR)
TMB1AST2
2-channel OSC and clock transmission board (with advanced OTDR)
TNF1SCS02
Synchronous optical channel separating board
TNF1OLP
Optical line protection board
TMB1OLP
Optical line protection board
TNF1OPM8
8-port optical power monitoring board
TMB1OPM8
8-port optical power monitoring board
TMB1FAN
Fan board
TMK2FAN
Fan board
TMK5FAN
Fan board
TMB1PIU
DC power board
TMK5PIU
DC power board
TMB1APIU
AC power board
Functions and Features of the TMB1SCC Board Function
Description ⚫
Basic functions
⚫ ⚫ ⚫
DCN Layer 2 switching
Clock
Supports inter-subrack IP communication. ⚫
Implements clock synchronization on an NE, and provides ITU-T G.813 and ITU-T G.823-compliant clock signals and frame header signals for service boards.
⚫
Traces external clock sources, service clock sources, or local clock sources to provide a synchronization clock source for the board itself and the system.
⚫
Supports IEEE 1588v2 time synchronization. Supports one external clock input/output and one external time input/output.
⚫ ⚫
Fan alarm management 133
It processes two OSCs and receives and transmits optical signals in the OSCs at each site. Provides 3-input/1-output Boolean value ports.
Supports the ESC and OSC functions.
⚫
Master-slave subrack cascading
Provides a port between the device and the NMS, and collaborates with the NMS to manage the boards on the device, implementing device communication. Processes overheads.
Supports extraction, insertion, and processing of SSM information and clock IDs. Supports G.8273.2/G.8275.1.
Supports master-slave subrack cascading.
Adjusts the fan speed, detects faults, provides fan alarms, and manages the fans.
Huawei Confidential
• Power management: provides the in-position detection, over-voltage detection, and low-voltage shutdown functions for PIU boards.
Functions and Features of the TMK2UXCL Board Function
Description ⚫ ⚫
Basic functions ⚫
Protection DCN
134
⚫ ⚫
Grooms services, manages configurations, and reports alarms in the subrack. Backs up NE data. When the data of an NE changes, the real-time database backup function can immediately save the changed data to the storage medium. In this manner, the configuration data is not lost when the NE undergoes a cold reset or power outage, improving NE reliability. Supports the interconnection and communication between NEs in IP over DCC or HWECC mode.
Supports 1+1 hot backup for the SCC unit. Supports non-revertive manual and automatic switching.
Supports outband DCN, inband DCN, and ESC functions.
Fan alarm management
Provides 1+1 backup power supply for fans, supports fan speed adjustment and fault detection, and manages fan alarms.
Fan mode configuration
Supported.
Power management
Detects the in-position status of PIU boards.
Master-slave subrack management
Not supported.
Huawei Confidential
• The TMK2UXCL board integrates the cross-connect unit, clock unit, and system control unit to provide service grooming, clock processing, and communication control functions.
Functions and Features of the TMK5SXCH Board Function
Description ⚫ ⚫
Basic functions ⚫
Protection DCN
⚫
Supports 1+1 hot backup and warm backup for the SCC unit. Supports non-revertive manual and automatic switching.
Supports outband DCN and ESC.
Fan alarm management
Provides 1+1 backup power supply for fans, supports fan speed adjustment and fault detection, and manages fan alarms.
Fan mode configuration
Supported.
Power management
135
⚫
Grooms services, manages configurations, and reports alarms in the subrack. Backs up NE data. When the data of an NE changes, the real-time database backup function can immediately save the changed data to the storage medium. In this manner, the configuration data is not lost when the NE undergoes a cold reset or power outage, improving NE reliability. Supports the interconnection and communication between NEs in IP over DCC or HWECC mode.
Detects the in-position status of PIU boards.
Huawei Confidential
• The TMK5SXCH board is a cross-connect board that cross-connects ODUk (k = 0, 1, 2, 2e, flex, 3, or 4)/VC-4/VC-3/VC-12 services.
136
AST2
DFIU
West
DFIU
TMB1AST2 Board and Its Application
East
Huawei Confidential
• As an OSC board, the TMB1AST2 board receives, processes, and transmits two OSC signals in the east and west directions. The TMB1AST2 board also supports the IEEE 1588v2 clock synchronization function, transparent transmission of two FE signals, and the line fiber quality detection function.
Specifications, Functions, and Features of the TMB1AST2 Board Item
Unit
Bit rate
Function
Description
150-km OSC Module with OTDR
80-km OSC Module with OTDR
Basic functions
Receives/Transmits and processes two OSC signals. Supports transparent transmission of two FE signals.
Mbit/s
155.52
155.52
Clock
Physical-layer clock/IEEE 1588v2
Transmission distance
km
150
80
Maximum span
37.5 dB (excluding the DSFIU/DFIU/FIU loss)
Operating wavelength range
nm
1504.5–1517.5 1484.5–1497.5
1504.5–1517.5 1484.5–1497.5
Regeneration
Transmits OSC signals by section and has the 3R functions.
Transmit power of signals
Loopback
Outloops
dBm
0.5–5
–2 to 3
Receiver sensitivity
Supported
dBm
≤ –42
≤ –35
Line fiber quality monitoring
Overload point
dBm
–10
–10
G.8273.2
Not supported when the F3SCC01/F3SCC02 system control board is used
G.8275.1
Supported
137
Huawei Confidential
Quiz 1. (Multiple-answer question) Which of the following statements about the UXCL and SXCH boards are correct? A. Both provide the cross-connect function to implement intra-subrack service grooming. B. Both support the inband DCN and outband DCN. C. Both support NE data backup.
D. Both support master and slave subracks.
138
Huawei Confidential
• Answer: AC
Contents 1. Product Overview 2. Cabinets and Subracks
3. Boards ▫ Boards of the OptiXtrans E9600
▫ Boards of the OptiXtrans E6600 ◼
139
Boards of the OptiXtrans DC908
Huawei Confidential
Boards of the OptiXtrans DC908 Board Name TMN1SCC TMN1PANEL
Interface panel.
TMN2MD02
2 x 100/200 Gbit/s programmable OTU board that implements the conversion between 100GE/OTU4 signals and OTU4/OTUC2 signals.
TMN2MD02A
TMN2MS04
OTU board that implements the conversion between 8–100 Gbit/s Any-rate signals and OTU4/OTUC2 signals. 1 x 100/400 Gbit/s programmable OTU board that implements the conversion between 100GE/400GE signals and OTUC2/OTUC4 signals.
TMN1EMD60
60-channel multiplexer/demultiplexer board with the VOA, 100 GHz, even wavelengths.
TMN1OMD60
60-channel multiplexer/demultiplexer board with the VOA, 100 GHz, odd wavelengths, integrated ITL module. It can be used together with the TMN1EMD60 board to multiplex/demultiplex 120 optical signals.
TMN1EUMD40
40-channel multiplexer/demultiplexer board with the VOA, 150 GHz, even wavelengths.
TMN1OUMD40
40-channel multiplexer/demultiplexer board with the VOA, 150 GHz, odd wavelengths, integrated ITL module. It can be used together with the TMN1EUMD40 board to multiplex/demultiplex 80 optical signals.
TMN1EMR8
140
Board Description SCC board.
Enhanced 8 x OADM line board Five-in-one optical line board that integrates the OA, XFIU, OSC, MR8, and LS functions.
TMN1OL
Optical line board (Super C band) Five-in-one optical line board that integrates the OA, XFIU, OSC, MR8, and LS functions.
TMN1OLA
Regeneration line board that integrates the OA, XFIU, OPM, and OSC & OTDR functions.
TMN1OPC
Optical-layer platform board that can be equipped with four pluggable modules. The board supports pluggable OLP and EOMSP modules to function as an OLP or EOMSP board.
Huawei Confidential
SCC Board
Port/Button Silkscreen
Description
RST
Reset button. It is used to perform a warm reset on the system control board.
CLK/CON Digitron display
This port is reserved for hardware and does not have any function. LED indicator for the master/slave subrack ID.
EXT
Communication port between the master and slave subracks.
ETH
Management communication port This port is used for device management communication.
SCC 141
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• The functional version of the SCC board is TMN1. • Front panel dimensions (H x W x D): 81.1 mm x 19.75 mm x 355 mm • Note: ▫ The EXT port uses two types of dual-channel single-fiber bidirectional optical modules:
▫ Single-fiber bidirectional module-CSFP-Tx1490/Rx1310 nm-125 Mbit/s to 1.25 Gbit/s--9 dBm--3 dBm--24 dBm-LC-single-mode-10 km--40–85 degC ▫ Single-fiber bidirectional module-CSFP-1310(Tx)/1490(Rx)nm-1.25 Gbit/s-9 dBm--3 dBm--24 dBm-LC-single-mode-10 km ▫ When the master and slave subracks are connected, only optical modules of different types can be interconnected. ▫ The channel on the left of the optical module is CH1 and that on the right is CH2.
Functions and Features of the SCC Board Function
Description • Manages chassis configurations and outputs alarms.
Basic functions
DCN communication Active/Standby backup Hot swap
142
• Backs up NE data. When the data of an NE changes, the real-time database backup function can immediately save the changed data to the storage medium. In this manner, the configuration data is not lost when the NE undergoes a cold reset or power outage, improving NE reliability. Supports the interconnection and communication between NEs in IP over DCC or HWECC mode. 1+1 backup for system control boards and active/standby switching. Supported. Services are not interrupted after the system control board is removed.
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• Note: You do not need to change the device IP address or ID when replacing the system control board of the OptiXtrans DC908.
Panel Port/Button Silkscreen LCD
IP button Maintenance button
Asset pull-strip
PANEL 143
Description Displays the NE IP address, loopback IP address, subrack ID, device name, SN, and alarms.
Sets the IP address. Confirms an NE. You can press this button once to identify the corresponding NE on the NMS. Attaches a device information label to the device.
CON
CON: The console port is connected to a console for on-site configuration. The console cable must be used together with the console port. Connector type: RJ45 Standards compliance: RS232 Working mode: full-duplex universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART). Baud rate: 9600 bit/s to 115200 bit/s; default value: 9600 bit/s.
ETH
Management communication port. This port is used for device management communication.
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• The functional version of the panel is TMN1. • Panel dimensions (H x W x D): 81 mm x 37 mm x 369 mm • Note: ▫ The device name can contain only English characters. ▫ The LCD on the panel automatically turns off after a period of inactivity to prevent the display from being steady on and prolong its service life.
Functions and Features of the Panel Function Basic functions
Description • Displays the NE IP address, loopback IP address, subrack ID, device name and SN, and alarms on the LCD. • Sets the IP address of an NE.
DCN communication Hot swap
144
Supports the interconnection and communication between NEs in IP over DCC or HWECC mode. Supported. Services are not interrupted after the panel is removed.
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Indicator Silkscreen
STAT
Indicator
Hardwar e status indicator
Color
Status
Description
Green
Steady on
The board is running properly and no abnormal alarm is generated.
Orang e
Steady on
A major or minor alarm is generated on the board.
Orang e
Blinking (on for 500 ms and off for 500 ms)
The board is in the maintenance state, which facilitates fault locating.
Steady on
A critical alarm is generated on the board. The STAT indicator on the panel is red when the SCC board is offline, undergoes a cold reset, or is in BIOS state.
Off
The board is in the inactive state. For example: The board is not started. The board is not created. The board is not powered on. The power board has no power input.
Red
-
OTU Board Naming Conventions 1 T
2 M
3 x
4 x
5 M
6 D
7 0
M: indicates the Transponder/ Muxponder OTU board.
This letter indicates the number of WDM-side ports. D: indicates two WDM-side ports on the board.
The two digits indicate the maximum rate of the services received by each port on the WDM side of the board. 02: indicates that each port on the WDM side of the board can receive services at a maximum rate of OTUC2.
145
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8 2
9 x
10 x
11 x
MD02 Board
Port Silkscreen
Port Type
Optical Module Type
MPO/LC
Pluggable QSFP28
Supported Service Type
Description Client-side optical port:
C1–C4
⚫
Receives the service optical signals output by the client-side device.
⚫
Transmits service optical signals to the client-side device.
OTU4/100GE
WDM-side optical port:
L1–L2
LC
Pluggable CFP2
OTU4/OTUC2
Receives single-wavelength OTU4/OTUC2 signals from the optical demultiplexer unit or the OADM unit.
Transmits single-wavelength OTU4/OTUC2 signals to the optical multiplexer unit or the OADM unit.
146
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• The functional versions of the MD02 board are TMN1 and TMN2. • Front panel dimensions (H x W x D): 39.25 mm x 99.75 mm x 345 mm • In line mode, the board implements the conversion between 100GE/OTU4 signals and 2 x OTU4/OTUC2 signals. • In regeneration mode, the board implements regeneration of OTU4/OTUC2 signals.
Application Scenario (Line Mode) 2 x OTUC2
MUX/DMUX
2 x ODU4
1 x ODUC2
MUX/DMUX
2 x ODU4
1 x ODUC2
L2
1 x OTUC2
1 x OTUC2
L2
L1
1 x OTUC2
1 x OTUC2
C4
1 x ODUC2
100GE/OTU4
L1
C3
2 x ODU4
100GE/OTU4
C2
1 x ODUC2
100GE/OTU4
C1
2 x ODU4
100GE/OTU4
C1 C2 C3 C4
100GE/OTU4 100GE/OTU4 100GE/OTU4 100GE/OTU4
Service mapping path (200G)
147
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• When the WDM-side port works in 200G_16QAM/200G_e16QAM/200G_16QAMH mode, the board can perform mutual conversion between two OTUC2 signals and 100GE/OTU4 optical signals with a total client-side rate not exceeding 400 Gbit/s. • For details about other application scenarios, see the product documentation.
148
1 x OTU4 1 x OTU4
L1(OUT)
L2(IN)
MUX
L2(OUT)
1 x OTU4 1 x OTU4
DMUX
DMUX
L1(IN)
MUX
Application Scenario (Regeneration Mode)
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• When the WDM-side port works in 100G_QPSK/100G_wDCM_QPSK mode, the MD02 board can implement bidirectional regeneration of two OTU4 signals.
Functions and Features Function Basic functions
Client-side service type
OTN functions
Tunable wavelength
Description Performs the mutual conversion between OTU4/100GE signals and OTU4/OTUC2 signals. • OTU4: OTN services at a rate of 111.81 Gbit/s. • 100GE: Ethernet services at a rate of 103.125 Gbit/s. • • • •
Provides OTU4/OTUC2 ports on the WDM side. Uses the frame formats and overhead processing methods defined in ITU-T G.709. Supports the PM and TCM functions at the ODUk (k = 4 or C2) layer. Supports the SM function at the OTUk (k = 4 or C2) layer.
Tunes WDM-side optical signals within the range of 96 wavelengths in Extended C band at a 50 GHz channel spacing and supports flexible grid.
FEC encoding
• • • •
Supports RS-FEC coding when the client-side service type is 100GE. Supports SDFEC2 coding when the WDM-side port works in 100G_QPSK/100G_wDCM_QPSK mode. Supports SDFEC coding when the WDM-side port works in 200G_16QAM/200G_16QAM-H mode. Supports SDFEC2 coding when the WDM-side port works in 200G_e16QAM mode.
Performance event and alarm monitoring
• • • •
Monitors BIP8 bytes (Bursty mode) to help locate line faults. Monitors OTN alarms and performance events. Monitors parameters such as the laser bias current, laser operating temperature, and optical power. Supports the Ethernet RMON monitoring function.
Regeneration board Ethernet service encapsulation mode 149
MD02. The OTU4 service uses the BMP encapsulation mode, and the 100GE service uses the GMP and GFP-F encapsulation modes.
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• WDM-side signal spectrum width ▫ 200G_16QAM mode: 50 GHz Flex ▫ 200G_e16QAM mode: 50 GHz Flex ▫ 200G_16QAM-H mode: 50 GHz Flex ▫ 100G_wDCM_QPSK mode: 50 GHz Flex ▫ 100G_QPSK mode: 50 GHz Flex • Service encryption: supported when the client-side service type is not OTU4 • WDM specifications: supports DWDM specifications. • The MD02 board supports the following functions: ESC, PRBS (supported on the WDM side/supported when the client-side service type is OTU4), IPA, LS, ALS (supported on the client side), test frame, latency measurement, LLDP, and loopback. • The MD02 board supports the following protection schemes: optical line protection, intra-board 1+1 protection, and client 1+1 protection.
MD02A Board
MD02A
150
Description
Client side
The following lists the types of services received through client-side optical ports: Ethernet services: 10GE LAN, 10GE WAN, 25GE, 40GE, and 100GE. OTN services: OTU2, OTU2e, and OTU4. SDH/SONET service: STM-64/OC-192. SAN services: FC800, FICON8G, FC1200, FC1600, and FC3200.
WDM side
As a programmable OTU board, the MD02A board provides functions that flexibly change with the port working mode. The WDM-side port of the MD02A board can be set to work in the following modes as required: • 100G_QPSK • 100G_wDCM_QPSK • 200G_16QAM • Common mode. • The single-span OA-free mode is applicable to the scenario where no OA board is configured and the point-topoint loss is less than 21.5 dB (the fiber insertion loss coefficient is 0.36 dB/km). • 200G_16QAM-H • 200G_e16QAM (default)
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• The MD02A board is an OTU board. It performs mutual conversion between 8 Gbit/s to 100 Gbit/s Any services and OTU4/OTUC2 signals. • A indicates that Any services can be received on the client side.
• Front panel dimensions (H x W x D): 39.5 mm x 200 mm x 355 mm • Note: The WDM-side optical power of the TMN1MD02AT27, TMN2MD02AT29, and TMN2MD02AT29-R1 boards is adjustable. • For details about the application scenarios and functions of the MD02A board, see the product documentation.
MS04 Board MS04
Client side
Description When the 400G_16QAM mode is used on the WDM side, each of optical ports C1 to C4 supports access of 100GE services. Only the C1 optical port supports 400GE services. When the 200G_QPSK or 200G_wDCM_QPSK mode is used on the WDM side, only the C1 and C2 optical ports can support access of 100GE services. As a programmable OTU board, the MS04 board provides functions that flexibly change with the port working mode. The WDM-side port of the MS04 board can be set to work in the following modes as required:
• 200G_QPSK • 200G_wDCM_QPSK
WDM side
• 400G_16QAM (default)
− Common mode − Single-span OA-free mode: This mode is applicable to the scenario where no OA board is configured and the point-to-point loss is less than 21.5 dB (the fiber insertion loss coefficient is 0.36 dB/km). Note: The WDM-side optical power of the MS04 board is adjustable. 151
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• The MS04 board is a 1 x 100/400 Gbit/s programmable OTU board. This board performs conversion between 100GE/400GE and OTUC2/OTUC4 signals. • S: indicates one WDM-side port on the board.
• 04: indicates that each port on the WDM side of the board can receive services at a maximum rate of OTU4. • Front panel dimensions (H x W x D): 39.25 mm x 99.75 mm x 345 mm
Application Scenario (Line Mode)
1 x OTUC4 C1
MUX/DMUX
MUX/DMUX
4 x ODU4
L1
1 x ODUC4
C4
L1
1 x OTUC4
100GE
C3
1 x OTUC4
100GE
C2
1 x ODUC4
100GE
C1
4 x ODU4
100GE
C2 C3 C4
100GE 100GE 100GE 100GE
Service mapping path (400G)
152
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• In line mode, the board implements the conversion between 100GE/400GE signals and 1 x OTUC2/OTUC4 signals. • When the WDM-side port works in 400G_16QAM mode, the board can perform mutual conversion between four 100GE or one 400GE optical signals and one OTUC4 signal received on the client side. • Service mapping path: 4 x 100GE 4 x ODU4 (GMP) 1 x ODUC4 1 x OTUC4 • In regeneration mode, the board implements regeneration of OTUC2/OTUC4 signals. • For details about other application scenarios, see the product documentation.
Functions and Features (Line Mode) Function Basic functions Client-side service type
OTN functions
Tunable wavelength
FEC encoding Performance event and alarm monitoring
Ethernet service encapsulation mode 153
Description Mutual conversion between 100GE/400GE and OTUC2/OTUC4 signals. • 100GE: Ethernet services at a rate of 103.125 Gbit/s. • 400GE: Ethernet services at a rate of 425 Gbit/s. • • • •
Provides OTUC2/OTUC4 ports on the WDM side. Uses the frame formats and overhead processing methods defined in ITU-T G.709. Supports PM and TCM functions at the ODUk (k = flex, 4, or C2) layer. Supports the SM function at the OTUk (k = C2 or C4) layer.
• Tunes WDM-side optical signals within the range of 80 wavelengths in Super C band at a 75 GHz channel spacing and supports flexible grid. • Tunes WDM-side optical signals within the range of 60 wavelengths in Super C band at a 100 GHz channel spacing and supports flexible grid. • Supports SDFEC2 coding on the WDM side. • Supports RS-FEC coding when the client-side service type is 100GE/400GE. • Monitors OTN alarms and performance events. • Monitors parameters such as the laser bias current, laser operating temperature, and optical power. • Supports the Ethernet RMON monitoring function. GMP.
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• The MS04 board supports the following functions: ESC, PRBS (supported on the WDM side), IPA, LS, ALS (supported on the client side when 100GE/400GE services are received), test frame, latency measurement, LLDP, and loopback.
• The MS04 board supports the following protection schemes: optical line protection, intra-board 1+1 protection, and client 1+1 protection. • Note: ▫ RS-FEC coding can be enabled or disabled when the client-side service type is 100GE. ▫ RS-FEC coding is always enabled when the client-side service type is 400GE. • The following uses the functions and features supported in line mode as an example. For details about the functions and features supported in regeneration mode, see the product documentation.
MD60 Board
Front panel of the TMN1EMD60 board
Front panel of the TMN1OMD60 board
Board
Model
Description
TMN1EMD60
60-channel multiplexer/demultiplexer board with the VOA, 100 GHz, even wavelengths.
TMN1OMD60
60-channel multiplexer/demultiplexer board with the VOA, 100 GHz, odd wavelengths, integrated ITL module. It can be used together with the TMN1EMD60 board to multiplex/demultiplex 120 optical signals.
MD60
154
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• The MD60 board is a 60-channel multiplexer/demultiplexer board. It can multiplex/demultiplex 60 optical signals and can be expanded to multiplex/demultiplex 120 optical signals.
• Front panel dimensions (H x W x D): 39.5 mm x 400 mm x 410 mm
TMN1EMD60
IN
OA
OA
M60V
D60
60
OTU
OTU
60
OTU
Client-side service
60
01
OUT
OTU
Client-side service
D60
OA
01
...
OTU
M60V
60
OA
IN
...
Client-side service
OTU
01 OUT
...
OTU
01
...
OTU
Client-side service
MD60 Board and Its Application
TMN1EMD60
Multiplexing/Demultiplexing of 60 optical signals (twofiber bidirectional, even wavelengths)
155
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• The MD60 board is a 60-channel multiplexer/demultiplexer board. It multiplexes 60 optical signals over an ITU-T-compliant WDM wavelength into one optical signal and demultiplexes one signal into 60 optical signals over an ITU-Tcompliant WDM wavelength. Two MD60 boards can be used together to multiplex/demultiplex 120 optical signals.
TMN1OMD60
D60
60
OTU
IN
OA
OA
OUT
01
OTU
60
TMN1OMD60
Multiplexing/Demultiplexing of 60 optical signals (two-fiber bidirectional, odd wavelengths)
156
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OTU
Client-side service
ITL 60
D60
...
OTU
OTU
ITL
OA
M60V
M60V
Client-side service
01
OA
IN
...
OTU
01 OUT
...
60
...
OTU
Client-side service
01
OTU
Client-side service
MD60 Board and Its Application
Functions and Features Function
Description
Basic functions
Multiplexes a maximum of 60 single-wavelength optical signals into one multiplexed optical signal and adjusts the input optical power of each channel. • The M60V module on the TMN1EMD60 board multiplexes a maximum of 60 even-wavelength optical signals into one multiplexed signal. • The M60V module on the TMN1OMD60 board multiplexes a maximum of 60 odd-wavelength optical signals into one multiplexed signal.
Optical power adjustment
Adjusts the optical power of each single-wavelength optical signal before multiplexing.
D60 module
Basic functions
Demultiplexes one multiplexed signal into a maximum of 60 single-wavelength signals. • The D60 module on the TMN1EMD60 board demultiplexes one multiplexed optical signal into a maximum of 60 even-wavelength optical signals. • The D60 module on the TMN1OMD60 board demultiplexes one multiplexed optical signal into a maximum of 60 odd-wavelength optical signals.
ITL module
Basic functions
The ITL module is integrated in the TMN1OMD60 board to multiplex/demultiplex C_ODD and C_EVEN signals. When the TMN1EMD60 board works with the TMN1OMD60 board, the ITL module can multiplex/demultiplex 120 optical signals.
M60V module
Spectrum application Online optical power monitoring
Alarm and performance event monitoring IPC
157
Supports Super C band. Provides an online monitoring optical port. Through this optical port, a small number of optical signals can be output to the optical spectrum analyzer or the optical spectrum analyzer board. In this manner, the spectrum and optical performance of the multipl exed optical signals can be monitored without interrupting the services. Detects optical power and reports the alarms and performance events of the board. The intra-station power control (IPC) function is used to detect intra-site fibers. When an intra-site fiber cut occurs, the output optical power of the OA board is automatically controlled to be lower than or equal to 21.3 dBm.
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• The MD60 board provides functions and features such as multiplexing, demultiplexing, online optical power monitoring, alarm and performance event monitoring, and optical power adjustment.
UMD40
Front panel of the TMN1EUMD40 board
Front panel of the TMN1OUMD40 board
Board
Model
Description
TMN1EUMD40
40-channel multiplexer/demultiplexer board with the VOA, 150 GHz, even wavelengths.
TMN1OUMD40
40-channel multiplexer/demultiplexer board with the VOA, 150 GHz, odd wavelengths, integrated ITL module. It can be used together with the TMN1EUMD60 board to multiplex/demultiplex 80 optical signals.
UMD40
158
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• The UMD40 board is a 40-channel multiplexer/demultiplexer board. It can multiplex/demultiplex 40 optical signals and can be expanded to multiplex/demultiplex 80 optical signals.
• Front panel dimensions (H x W x D): 39.5 mm x 400 mm x 410 mm • The application of the board is similar to that of the MD60 board. For details about the functions and features of the board, see the product documentation.
EMR8
159
Port Silkscreen
Port Type
Function
A1–A8
LC
Receives output signals from the OTU board or integrated client-side device.
D1–D8
LC
Transmits signals to the OTU board or integrated client-side device.
LIN
LC
Receives multiplexed signals.
LOUT
LC
Transmits multiplexed signals.
EXPI
LC
This port is reserved for hardware.
EXPO
LC
This port is reserved for hardware.
MONI
LC
Functions as the signal quality monitoring port to monitor online optical performance of optical signals input from the LIN port. Connects to the optical spectrum analyzer board, optical spectrum analyzer, optical power meter, and so on.
MONO
LC
Functions as the signal quality monitoring port to monitor online optical performance of optical signals output from the LOUT port. Connects to the optical spectrum analyzer board, optical spectrum analyzer, optical power meter, and so on.
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• The EMR8 board is an enhanced 8-port OADM line board. • EMR8: five-in-one optical line board that integrates the OA, XFIU, OSC, MR8, and LS functions.
• Front panel dimensions (H x W x D): 39.5 mm x 200 mm x 345 mm
Functions and Features of the EMR8 Board MR8 module
OA module
160
Function
Description
Basic functions
Adds/Drops and multiplexes eight signals to/from the multiplexed signals.
Basic functions
Amplifies optical signals over C-band wavelengths in the range of 1529 nm to 1561 nm.
Gain adjustment
In the Tx direction: The TN15OAC106 board adjusts the gain based on the input optical power to achieve continuous gain adjustment in the range from 16 dB to 23 dB. In the Rx direction: The TN15OAC101 board adjusts the gain based on the input optical power to achieve continuous gain adjustment in the range from 20 dB to 31 dB.
Online optical performance monitoring
Provides an online monitoring optical port. Through this optical port, a small number of optical signals can be output to the optical spectrum analyzer or the optical spectrum analyzer board. In this manner, the spectrum and optical performance of the multipl exed optical signals can be monitored without interrupting the services.
Gain locking
The EDFA inside the board has the gain locking function. When one or more channels are added or reduced or the optical signals in some channels fluctuate, the signal gain of other channels is not affected.
Transient control
The EDFA inside the board has the transient control function. When channels are added or deleted, the system can be smoothly upgraded and expanded by suppressing the optical power fluctuation of the channels.
Working mode
Supports the gain locking and power locking modes. • In gain locking mode, the gain of the EDFA is tunable and users can query the actual gain of the EDFA. The gain locking mode is enabled by default. • The power locking mode applies to the dummy light scenario in which the output optical power of theEDFA needs to be locked.
Performance event and alarm monitoring
• Detects and reports optical power. • Controls the temperature of the pump laser. • Monitors the pump drive current, back facet current, cooling current, pump laser temperature, and ambient temperature of the board.
Huawei Confidential
• The EMR8 board provides functions and features such as add/drop multiplexing, cascading ports, wavelength query, line fiber quality monitoring, and IPA. • Line fiber quality monitoring: The board supports the line fiber quality monitoring function on the NMS. The NMS displays monitoring figures and data. In addition, it supports online and offline line fiber quality monitoring. For details, see the Fiber Doctor System in the Feature Description. To use this function, you need to purchase a license for the Fiber Doctor System. • IPA: When a fiber cut occurs on the line, the intelligent power adjustment (IPA) function shuts down the upstream OAs to prevent the laser exposure from hurting the maintenance personnel. After the fiber is repaired, the OAs resume working.
Functions and Features of the EMR8 Board Function Basic functions
OSC module
161
Description Receives/Transmits and processes two OSC signals. Supports a maximum of 37.5 dB span transmission.
OSC operating wavelength range
TM1/RM2: 1504.5 nm–1517.5 nm; TM2/RM1: 1484.5 nm–1497.5 nm.
Technology features
The distance between two line amplifiers is not limited by the OSC. The OSC performance is not affected when the line amplifier fails.
Regeneration function
The board transmits signals section by section and has the 3R functions. At each OA regeneration site, the signals can be correctly received and new supervisory signals can be added.
Loopback
Supports outloops.
Huawei Confidential
• XFIU module: Multiplexes the main optical path and OSC signals into the lineside path and performs the reverse process. • LS module: Detects and reports multiplexed optical power on the IN and OUT ports, and detects single wavelengths and single-wavelength optical power on the OUT port of the OTU board with the LS function at the source end. The board works with the OD license. After the OD function is configured, the board supports OSNR detection for single-wavelength signals of an OTU board with the LS function at the source end.
OL Board
162
Port Silkscreen
Port Type
Function
LIN
LC
Inputs the main optical path signals to be amplified (including OSC signals).
LOUT
LC
Outputs the main optical path signals that are amplified (including OSC signals).
SIN
LC
Inputs the multiplexed signals to be amplified (excluding OSC signals).
SOUT
LC
Outputs the multiplexed signals that are amplified (excluding OSC signals).
MONI
LC
Functions as the signal quality monitoring port to monitor online optical performance of optical signals input from the LIN port. Connects to the optical spectrum analyzer board, optical spectrum analyzer, optical power meter, and so on.
MONO
LC
Functions as the signal quality monitoring port to monitor online optical performance of optical signals output from the LOUT port. Connects to the optical spectrum analyzer board, optical spectrum analyzer, optical power meter, and so on.
Huawei Confidential
• The TMN1OL board is an OTM line board. It amplifies optical signals, demultiplexes and multiplexes the OSC and main optical path signals, and monitors the optical power. It can be used at the Tx end and Rx end.
• The OL board integrates the OA, XFIU, OPM, and OSC & OTDR functions. It provides functions and features such as gain adjustment, online optical performance monitoring, gain locking, and transient control. • Front panel dimensions (H x W x D): 39.5 mm x 200 mm x 345 mm
OLA Board
Port Silkscreen
163
Port Type
Function
LIN
LC
Inputs the main optical path signals to be amplified (including OSC signals).
LOUT
LC
Outputs the main optical path signals (including OSC signals).
SIN
LC
Inputs the multiplexed signals (excluding OSC signals).
SOUT
LC
Outputs the multiplexed signals that are amplified (excluding OSC signals).
MONI
LC
Functions as the signal quality monitoring port to monitor online optical performance of optical signals input from the LIN port. Connects to the optical spectrum analyzer board, optical spectrum analyzer, optical power meter, and so on.
Huawei Confidential
• The OLA board is a regeneration line board that integrates the OA, XFIU, OPM, and OSC & OTDR functions. • The OLA board is a regeneration line board. It amplifies optical signals, demultiplexes and multiplexes the OSC and main optical path signals, and monitors the optical power. • Front panel dimensions (H x W x D): 39.5 mm x 200 mm x 345 mm
Application of the OLA Board in a WDM System
OSC
OSC TM1(1511) LIN
TC R_IN
LOUT
XFIU
OA
R_VI
SOUT
SIN
RC
OPM_IN1
OPM
OLA
LOUT LIN
SIN
TM2(1491) OSC_RM2
OSC
164
RC
SOUT
R_OUT
OA
R_VI
OSC_TM2
RM2(1511)
R_OUT
LIN RM2(1511)
OSC_TM2
TM2(1491)
RM1(1491)
LOUT
OL
OSC_RM2
OSC_TM1
MONI
OPM_IN1
TC
XFIU
LIN
R_IN
LOUT
RM1(1491)
MONI
TM1(1511)
OSC_TM1
OPM
OL
OSC_RM1
OSC_RM1
OSC
OLA
Huawei Confidential
• The OLA board is a regeneration line board. It amplifies optical signals, demultiplexes and multiplexes the OSC and main optical path signals, and monitors the optical power.
OPC Board Ports on the EOMSP module Port Silkscreen
Ports on the OLP module Port Silkscreen
Port Type
Function
IN
LC
Inputs line signals from the FIU board (optical line protection).
OUT
LC
Outputs line signals to the FIU board (optical line protection).
T1/T2
LC
Functions as a dual-fed optical port to transmit working and protection optical signals to the line side (optical line protection).
R1/R2
165
LC
Functions as a selective-receiving optical port to receive the working or protection optical signals from the line side (optical line protection).
Port Type
Function
IN
LC
Inputs line signals from the FIU board (optical line protection).
OUT
LC
Outputs line signals to the FIU board (optical line protection).
D1/D2
LC
Functions as a dual-fed optical port. Port D1 transmits signals to port A1 of the matched EOMSP module, and port D2 transmits signals to port A2 of the matched EOMSP module (forming optical line protection).
A1/A2
LC
Functions as a selective-receiving optical port. Port A1 receives signals from port D1 of the matched EOMSP module, and port A2 receives signals from port D2 of the matched EOMSP module (forming optical line protection).
Tx
LC
Transmits optical signals to the line side.
Rx
LC
Receives optical signals from the line side.
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• The OPC board is an optical-layer platform board. It can be equipped with four pluggable modules. The board supports pluggable OLP and EOMSP modules to function as an OLP or EOMSP board.
• Front panel dimensions (H x W x D): 39.5 mm x 200 mm x 405 mm
Application of the OPC Board in a WDM System
R2
OTU
OTU
OTU
T1 R2
T2
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R1
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OUT
OTU IN
OTU
IN OUT
O D
R1
R1 O D
O M
T1
T2 O M
O D
R2
R2 O D
O M
T2
OPC
T2
OTU
OPC
R1
OPC
OUT
OPC
T1 IN
T1 O M
Intra-board 1+1 protection
OUT IN
OTU
Functions and Features of the OPC Board Function
Description • Optical line protection: The dual fed and selective receiving function of the OLP or EOMSP module is used to provide protection for line fibers between adjacent sites using diverse routes.
Basic functions
• Intra-board 1+1 protection: The dual fed and selective receiving function of the OLP module is used to protect services against a fault on the working channel.
Spectrum application
• Client 1+1 protection: The dual fed and selective receiving function of the OLP module is used to protect services in case of a fault on the line side of the OTU board, a board fault, or a subrack fault. Supports Super C band.
Protection scheme Optical power equalization of the working and protection channels
IPC
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Supports dual fed and selective receiving. (At the Tx end, the protected signals are dual-fed to the working and protection channels. At the Rx end, the working or protection signals are selectively received according to the optical power of the received signals.) Supported.
The IPC function is used to detect intra-site fibers. When an intra-site fiber cut occurs, the output optical power of the OA board is automatically controlled to be lower than or equal to 21.3 dBm.
Quiz 1. (Single-answer question) Which of the following statements about the OL, OLA, and OPC boards is incorrect? A. All the three boards can amplify optical signals. B. The OL board is used at the Tx and Rx ends. C. The OLA board is used at a regeneration site.
D. The OPC board has different functions depending on the inserted module.
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• Answer: A
Summary
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Product overview
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Cabinets and subracks
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Boards
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Thank you.
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