Klasifikasi Visual Defects Dan Acceptance Criteria [PDF]

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Klasifikasi Visual Defects dan acceptance criteria : Tabel 4.2 Nama Cacat Berdasarkan Hasil Penetrant Test Liquid – ASME IX – 2013 No. 1. 2. 3.



Nama Cacat



Ukuran Cacat



Cracks Incomplete



Terminologi -



Joint



Penetration



Lihat Lampiran



Incomplete Fusion



-



Acceptance Criteria QW – 194 VISUAL EXAMINATION – PERFORMANCE Performance test coupons shall show no cracks and complete joint penetration with complete fusion of weld metal and base metal



Tabel 4.3 Nama Cacat Berdasarkan Hasil Penetrant Test Liquid – API 1104 – 2010 No. 1. 2. 3.



Nama Cacat



Ukuran Cacat



Cracks



-



Acceptance Criteria Paragraph 6.4 VISUAL EXAMINATION For a qualification test weld to meet the requirements for visual examination,



Inadequate



-



Penetration Burn Through



Terminologi



Lihat Lampiran



-



the weld shall be free from cracks, inadequate penetration, and burn-through, and must present a neat workman-like appearance. The depth of undercutting adjacent to the final bead on the outside of the pipe shall not be more than 1/32 in. (0.8 mm) or 12.5 % of the pipe wall thickness, whichever is smaller,



4.



Undercut



and there shall not be more than 2 in. (50 mm) of undercutting in any continuous 12 in. (300 mm) length of weld.



Tabel 4.4 Nama Cacat Berdasarkan Hasil Penetrant Test Liquid – AWS D1.1 – 2010 No. 1. 2.



Nama Cacat



Ukuran Cacat



Acceptance Criteria



Crack



Table 6.1 Visual Inspection Acceptance Criteria



Weld base metal



(1) Crack Prohibition any crack shall be unacceptable, regardless of size or location



fusion



(2) Weld/Base Metal Fusion



3.



Crater



4.



Weld profile



Complete fusion shall exist between adjacent layers of weld metal and



5.



Undersized Welds



metal.



6.



Undercuts



between weld



(3) Crater Cross Section All craters shall be filled to provide the specified weld size, except for the ends of Lihat Lampiran



intermittent fillet welds outside of their effective length. (4) Weld Profiles Weld profiles shall be in conformance with 5.24 (5) Undersized Welds



7.



Porosity



The size of a fillet weld in any continuous weld may be less than the specified nominal size (L) without correction by the following amounts (U) : L, Specified nominal weld size, in. [mm] ≤ 3/16 [5]



U, allowable decrease from L, in. [mm] ≤ 1/16 [2]



1/4 [6] ≥ 5/16 [8]



≤ 3/32 [2.5] ≤ 1/8 [3]



In all cases, the undersize portion of the weld shall not exceed 10% of the weld length. On web-to-flange welds on girders, underrun shall be prohibited at the ends for a length equal to twice the width of the flange. (6) Undercut (A) For material less than 1 in. [25 mm] thick, undercut shall not exceed 1/32 in. [1 mm], with the following exception: undercut shall not exceed 1/16 in. [2 mm] for any accumulated length up to 2 in. [50 mm] in any 12 in. [300 mm]. For material equal to or greater than 1 in. thick, undercut shall not exceed 1/16 in. [2 mm] for any length of weld. (B) In primary members, undercut shall be no more than 0.01 in. [0.25 mm] deep when the weld is transverse to tensile stress under any design loading condition. Undercut shall be no more than 1/32 in. [1 mm] deep for all other cases. (7) Porosity (A) CJP groove welds in butt joints transverse to the direction of computed tensile stress shall have no visible piping porosity. For all other groove welds and for the fillet welds, the sum of the visible piping porosity 1/32 in. [1 mm] or greater in diameter shall not exceed 3/8 in. [10 mm] in any linear inch of weld and shall not exceed ¾ in. [20 mm] in any 12 in. [300 mm] length of weld.



(B) The frequency of piping porosity in fillet welds shall not exceed one in each 4 in. [100 mm] of weld length and the maximum diameter shall not exceed 3/32 in. [2.5 mm]. Exception : for fillet welds connecting stiffeners to web, the sum of the diameters of piping porosity shall not exceed 3/8 in. [10 mm] in any linear inch of weld and shall not exceed 3/4 in. [20 mm] in any 12 in. [300 mm] length of weld. (C) CJP groove welds in butt joints transverse to the direction of computed tensile stress shall have no piping porosity. For all the groove welds, the frequency of piping porosity shall not exceed one in 4 in. [100 mm] of length and the maximum diameter shall not exceed 3/32 in. [2.5 mm].



4.3.3.2 Penetrant Test Tabel 4.5 Nama Cacat Berdasarkan Hasil Penetrant Test – ASME IX No.



Nama Cacat



Ukuran Cacat



Terminologi



Acceptance Criteria



Dimensi lebih besar dari 1,6 mm 1.



Relevan Indication



(apabila kurang dari 1,6 mm bukan



Untuk Acceptance Criterianya, perhatikan apakah cacat tersebut termasuk relevan linier indication atau rounded indication



merupakan cacat



2.



Linear Indication



Lihat Lampiran



Panjang Cacat > 3 x lebar



Prosedur dan performance test tidak dapat diterima pemeriksaannya apabila melebihi batas indikasi dibawah ini : a. Adanya Relevant linier indication Prosedur dan performance test tidak dapat diterima pemeriksaannya



3.



Rounded



Panjang Cacat < 3 x



Indication



lebar



apabila melebihi batas indikasi dibawah ini : b. Relevant rounded indication c. Empat atau lebih relevant rounded indication didalam satu baris dengan jarak 1/16 in. [1,6 mm] atau kurang (tepi ke tepi)



Tabel 4.6 Nama Cacat Berdasarkan Hasil Penetrant Test – API 1104 – 2010 No.



Nama Cacat



Ukuran Cacat



Terminologi



Acceptance Criteria Indikasi linier dengan kriteria 9.5.2 tidak diterima apabila : a. Dievaluasi sebagai retak kawah atau retak bintang (crater crack



Bentuk cacat 1.



Linier Indication



memanjang (ukuran panjang ≥ 3 x lebar)



or star crack) dengan panjang melebihi 4 mm. b. Dievaluasi selain retak kawah atau retak bintang (crater crack or star crack). c. Dievaluasi sebagai fusi tidak komplit (IF) dan melebihi panjang total 1 in (25 mm) pada setiap lasan kontinu dengan panjang 12



Lihat Lampiran



in (300 mm) atau 8% panjang lasan. Indikasi bulatan (rounded indication) di evaluasi dengan kriteria



2.



Rounded



Bentuk Cacat Bulat



Indication



atau oval ≤ 3 x lebar



9.3.9.2 dan 9.3.9.3 tidak diterima apabia : a. Ukuran pori individual > 3 mm. b. Ukuran lebih dari 25% tebal dinding tertipis dari yang tersambung.



Informasi tambahan : Indikasi relevan adalah indikasi yang disebabkan oleh diskontinuitas. Untuk pengujian welder, PT tidak termasuk.



Tabel 4.7 Nama Cacat Berdasarkan Hasil Penetrant Test – AWS D1.1 – 2010 No.



Nama Cacat



Ukuran Cacat



Acceptance Criteria Table 6.1 Visual Inspection Acceptance Criteria (1) Crack Prohibition any crack shall be unacceptable, regardless of size or location (2) Weld/Base Metal Fusion Complete fusion shall exist between adjacent layers of weld metal and



between weld



metal. (3) Crater Cross Section All craters shall be filled to provide the specified weld size, except for the ends of 1.



Crack



Lihat Lampiran



intermittent fillet welds outside of their effective length. (4) Weld Profiles Weld profiles shall be in conformance with 5.24 (5) Undersized Welds The size of a fillet weld in any continuous weld may be less than the specified nominal size (L) without correction by the following amounts (U) : L, Specified nominal weld size, in. [mm] ≤ 3/16 [5]



U, allowable decrease from L, in. [mm] ≤ 1/16 [2]



1/4 [6] ≥ 5/16 [8]



≤ 3/32 [2.5] ≤ 1/8 [3]



In all cases, the undersize portion of the weld shall not exceed 10% of the weld length. On web-to-flange welds on girders, underrun shall be prohibited at the ends for a length equal to twice the width of the flange. (6) Undercut (A) For material less than 1 in. [25 mm] thick, undercut shall not exceed 1/32 in. [1 mm], with the following exception: undercut shall not exceed 1/16 in. [2 mm] for any accumulated length up to 2 in. [50 mm] in any 12 in. [300 mm]. For material equal to or greater than 1 in. thick, undercut shall not exceed 1/16 in. [2 mm] for any length of weld. (B) In primary members, undercut shall be no more than 0.01 in. [0.25 mm] deep when the weld is transverse to tensile stress under any design loading condition. Undercut shall be no more than 1/32 in. [1 mm] deep for all other cases. (7) Porosity (A) CJP groove welds in butt joints transverse to the direction of computed tensile stress shall have no visible piping porosity. For all other groove welds and for the fillet welds, the sum of the visible piping porosity 1/32 in. [1 mm] or greater in diameter shall not exceed 3/8 in. [10 mm] in any linear inch of weld and shall not exceed ¾ in. [20 mm] in any 12 in. [300 mm] length of weld.



(B) The frequency of piping porosity in fillet welds shall not exceed one in each 4 in. [100 mm] of weld length and the maximum diameter shall not exceed 3/32 in. [2.5 mm]. Exception : for fillet welds connecting stiffeners to web, the sum of the diameters of piping porosity shall not exceed 3/8 in. [10 mm] in any linear inch of weld and shall not exceed 3/4 in. [20 mm] in any 12 in. [300 mm] length of weld. (C) CJP groove welds in butt joints transverse to the direction of computed tensile stress shall have no piping porosity. For all the groove welds, the frequency of piping porosity shall not exceed one in 4 in. [100 mm] of length and the maximum diameter shall not exceed 3/32 in. [2.5 mm].



Informasi tambahan : Untuk pengujian welder, PT tidak termasuk.



4.3.3.3 Magnetic Particle Test Tabel 4.8 Nama Cacat Berdasarkan Hasil Magnetic Particle Test – ASME IX – 2013 Acceptance Criteria



No.



Nama Cacat



Ukuran Cacat



1.



Surface Concavity



Appendix 6, Paragraph 6-4



2.



Spatter



These acceptance standards shall apply unless other more restrictive standards are specified



3.



Slag



for specific materials or applications within this division. Lihat Lampiran



4.



Undercut



(ASME IX in accordance ASME VIII)



All surfaces to be examined shall be free of : (a) Relevant linear indications; (b) Relevan rounded indications grater than 3/16 in. (5 mm); (c) Four or more relevant rounded indications in a line separated by 1/16 in. (1.5 mm) or less, edge to edge.



Tabel 4.9 Nama Cacat Berdasarkan Hasil Magnetic Particle Test – API 1104 - 2010 Acceptance Criteria



No.



Nama Cacat



Ukuran Cacat



1.



Surface Concavity



Paragraph 9.4.2



2.



Spatter



Relevant indications shall be considered defects should any of the following conditions



3.



Slag



exist :



(API 1104)



a. Linear indications evaluated as crater cracks or star cracks exceed 5/32 in. (4 mm) in length. b. Linear indications are evaluated as cracks other than crater cracks or star cracks. Lihat Lampiran



c. Linear indications are evaluated as IF and exceed 1 in. (25 mm) in total length in a continuous 12 in. (300 mm) length of weld or 8% of the weld length.



4.



Undercut



Rounded indications shall be evaluated acording to the criteria of 9.3.9.2 and 9.3.9.3, as applicable. For evaluation purposes, the maximum dimension of a rounded indication shall be considered its size. Note : When doubt exists about the type of imperfections being disclosed by an indication, verification may be obtained by using other nondestructive testing methods.



Tabel 4.10 Nama Cacat Berdasarkan Hasil Magnetic Particle Test – AWS D1.1 - 2010 Acceptance Criteria



No.



Nama Cacat



Ukuran Cacat



1.



Surface Concavity



Table 6.1 Visual Inspection Acceptance Criteria



2.



Spatter



(1) Crack Prohibition



3.



Slag



(AWS D1.1)



any crack shall be unacceptable, regardless of size or location (6) Undercut (A) For material less than 1 in. [25 mm] thick, undercut shall not exceed 1/32 in. [1 mm], with the following exception: undercut shall not exceed 1/16 in. [2 mm] for any accumulated length up to 2 in. [50 mm] in any 12 in. [300 mm]. For material Lihat Lampiran



4.



Undercut



equal to or greater than 1 in. thick, undercut shall not exceed 1/16 in. [2 mm] for any length of weld. (B) In primary members, undercut shall be no more than 0.01 in. [0.25 mm] deep when the weld is transverse to tensile stress under any design loading condition. Undercut shall be no more than 1/32 in. [1 mm] deep for all other cases. (7) Porosity (A) CJP groove welds in butt joints transverse to the direction of computed tensile stress shall have no visible piping porosity. For all other groove welds and for the fillet welds, the sum of the visible piping porosity 1/32 in. [1 mm] or greater in



diameter shall not exceed 3/8 in. [10 mm] in any linear inch of weld and shall not exceed ¾ in. [20 mm] in any 12 in. [300 mm] length of weld. (B) The frequency of piping porosity in fillet welds shall not exceed one in each 4 in. [100 mm] of weld length and the maximum diameter shall not exceed 3/32 in. [2.5 mm]. Exception : for fillet welds connecting stiffeners to web, the sum of the diameters of piping porosity shall not exceed 3/8 in. [10 mm] in any linear inch of weld and shall not exceed 3/4 in. [20 mm] in any 12 in. [300 mm] length of weld. (C) CJP groove welds in butt joints transverse to the direction of computed tensile stress shall have no piping porosity. For all the groove welds, the frequency of piping porosity shall not exceed one in 4 in. [100 mm] of length and the maximum diameter shall not exceed 3/32 in. [2.5 mm].