Makalah Medicinal Plants [PDF]

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1. Sebutk No



Nama Ilmiah



Nama Lokal



1 Coriandrum sativum



Ketumbar



2 Daucus carota



Wortel



3 Apium graveolens



Seledri



4 Anethum graveolens



Adas manis



5 Centella asiatica



Pegagan



6 Cuminum cyminum



Jinten putih



7 Foeniculum vulgare



Adas



8



Petroselinum vulgare/ Petroselinum crispum



9 Pimpinella alpina



Parsley



Purwoceng



10 Bupleurum falcatum



Thorowaks



11 Carum carvi



Jintan Hitam



12 Angelica sinensis



Danggui (China)



13 Ammi visnaga



Khella (Mesir)



14 Lomatium dissectum



Fernleaf biscuitroot (Amerika Utara)



15 Lomatium californicum



oshá/oshála (Indian)



16 Lomatium suksdorfii



Suksdorf's desertparsley



17 Conium maculatum



Poison hemlock



18 Cnidin monnieri



She Chuang Zi



19 Prangos ferulacea 20 Heracleum persicum 21 Chaerophyllum macropodum



22 Ferula hermonis



Zallouh



23 Arracacia xanthorrhiza 24 Ferulago angulata



Peruvian carrot Chavil



25 26 27 28 29 30



Chaerophyllum macropodum Froriepia subpinnata Physospermum cornubiense Smyrnium cordifolium Dorema aucheri Bunium persicum



2. Sebutkan jenis tumbuhan obat (minimal 50 jenis) yang digunakan dan berasal dari wilayah Mexico No. Suku 1 Lamiaceae



Nama ilmiah Agastache mexicana subsp. xolocotziana Bye, E.L. Linares and Ramamoorthy



2 Lamiaceae



Agastache mexicana subsp. mexicana



3 Asteraceae



Montanoa tomentosa Cerv



4 Verbenaceae



Lippia graveolens Kunth



5 6 7 8 9 10



Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae



Erythrina americana Mill Erythrina coralloides DC Erythrina lepthoriza A. DC Erythrina mexicana Krukoff Erythrina oaxacana Krukoff Erythrina sousae Krukoff



11 Rubiaceae



Hintonia latiflora (Sessé and Moc. ex DC.) Bullock



12 Lamiaceae



Salvia hispanica L.



13 Burceraceae



Bursera fagaroides var. fagaroides



14 Euphorbiaceae



Jatropha neopauciflora Pax



15 Meliaceae



Guarea guidonia



16 Euphorbiaceae



Jatropha curcas



17 Lamiaceae



Clinopodium macrostemum



18 Melastomataceae



Miconia hyperprasina



19 Annonaceae



Cymbopetalum penduliflorum



20 Fabaceae



Eysenhardtia platycarpa Pennell and Saff.



21 Rubiaceae



Randia echinocarpa



22 Sapotaceae



Sideroxylon palmeri



23 Fabaceae



Eysenhardtia polystachya



24 Asteraceae



Tagetes lucida



25 Cucurbitaceae



Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché



26 Cucurbitaceae



Ibervillea sonorae



27 Acanthaceae



Justicia spicigera



28 Clusiaceae



Jatropha dioica Sessé



29 Passifloraceae



Turnera diffusa



No. Suku



Nama ilmiah



30 Zygophyllaceae



Larrea tridentata



31 Taxaceae



Taxus globosa



32 Camptotheca



Camptotheca acuminata



33 Cactaceae



Pachycereus pringlei



34 Gentianaceae



Gentiana bicuspidata



35 Annonaceae



Mosannona depressa



36 Euphorbiaceae



Croton humilis



37 Poaceae



Panicum trichanthum



38 Bixa orellana



Bixa orellana



39 40 41 42 43 44



Taxodium Taxodium mucronatum Chiranthodendron pentadactylon Talauma mexicana Galphimia glauca Ipomoea stans Juglans regia



Taxodiaceae Malvaceae Magnoliaceae Malpighiaceae Convolvulaceae Juglandaceae



45 Betulaceae



Alnus arguta



46 Platanaceae



Platanus lindeliana



47 Fabaceae



Indigofera suffruticosa



48 Asteraceae



Heterotheca inuloides



49 Convolvulaceae



Cuscuta spp.



50 Zygophyllaceae



Kallstroema grandiflora



3. Sebutkan jenis tumbuhan (minimal 20 jenis) yang telah dibuktikan Sebutkan jenis tumbuhan (minimal 20 jenis) yang telah dibuktikan melalui penelitian No. Nama ilmiah Nama lokal 1 Ficus exasperata



Sandpaper tree



2 Swertia chirayita



Felworts



3 Artemisia capillaris 4 Allium stipitatum 5 Apium graveolens 6 Cynara scolymus 7 Berberis vulgaris 8 Calendula officinalis 9 Nigella sativa 10 Taraxacum officinale 11 Tragopogon porrifolius 12 Prangos ferulacea 13 Allium sativum 14 Antirrhinum majus 15 Marrubium vulgare 16 Ammi majus 17 Citrullus lanatus 18 Agrimonia eupatoria 19 Prunus armeniaca 20 Nerium oleander



Wormwood Persian Shallot Seledri Artichoke Barberi Marigold Jintan Hitam Dandelion Oyster Ribbed Cachrys Bawang putih Bunga mulut singa Pahari gandana Bishop's weed Semangka Agrimoni Apricot Bunga jepun



TUGAS TUMBUHAN OBAT



Oleh : Nama : Wahyu Wulan W NPM : 173112620120093 FAKULTAS BIOLOGI UNIVERSITAS NASIONAL JAKARTA 2018



1. Sebutkan jenis tumbuhan obat suku Apiaceae (minimal 30 jenis) yangdigunakan di dunia, bagian tumbuhan yang digunakan da Bagian yg digunakan Manfaat



Biji



Anti diabetik



Umbi



Anti oksidan



Daun



Aktivitas hipokolesterolemik



Biji



Antisekretoris dan stomach mucous protective,



Daun



Hepatoprotektif



Biji



Aktivitas antimikroba



Biji



Aktivitas antimikroba



Daun



Nutraceuticals



Akar



Afrodisiak



Akar Biji



Karminatif



Akar



Anti Atherosklerosis



Buah



Urolithiasis



Akar



Anti virus



Akar



Anti kanker



Akar



Anti virus



Seluruh bagian tanaman



Homeopathic Agent



Buah



Kardioprotektif



Buah



Antioxidant Antioxidant Antioxidant



Daun



Anti kanker



Umbi Daun



Antihierlipidemia



Daun Daun Daun Daun Daun Daun



Antioxidant Antibakteri Antibakteri Antibakteri Antibakteri Antibakteri



Nama lokal



Tumbuhan Obat yang digunakan dan berasal dari Mexico Bagian yang digunakan



Toronjil Blanco



Seluruh bagian tanaman



Toronjil Morado



Seluruh bagian tanaman



Hierba De La Perida



Daun



Mexican Oregano



Daun



Bunga dan biji



Daun



Mexican Chia



Biji



Getah



Seluruh bagian tanaman



Muskwood



Seluruh bagian tanaman



Physic Nut



Seluruh bagian tanaman



Te del Monte



Daun



Daun



Mexican Earflower



Bunga



Seluruh bagian tanaman



Buah



Daun



Mexican Kidneywood



Kulit batang



Mexican Tarragon, Sweetscented marigold



Seluruh bagian tanaman



Chilacayote



Buah



Wereke



Akar



Muicle/Muite



Daun



Dragon’s blood



Batang



Oreganillo



Bunga



Nama lokal



Tumbuhan Obat yang digunakan dan berasal dari Mexico Bagian yang digunakan



Creosote



Seluruh bagian tanaman



Mexican Yew



Daun



Daun



Cardon Gigante



Batang Akar Akar



Pepper Rod



Akar Akar



Kesumba keling



Daun



de manita Mexican magnolia Galphimia/thryallis Morning glory Persian walnut



Bunga Bunga Daun dan Bunga Akar Daun



Alnus pringlei Fernald



Kulit batang



Alamo



Daun bagian bawah



Añíl



Daun



Árnica del país



Seluruh bagian tanaman



Azafrán



Batang



Baiborín



Daun



nis) yang telah dibuktikan melalui penelitian memiliki aktivitas biologis/farmakologis sebagai hepatoprotektif Bagian yang digunakan Sumber pustaka** Daun



Adeyi, et al.: Effects of Ficus exasperata on hepatopathy. Journal of Investigational Biochemistry. University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria. 2017



Daun



Karak, S., Nag, G., & De, B. (2017). Metabolic profile and β-glucuronidase inhibitory property of three species of Swertia. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 27(1), 105–111. doi:10.1016/j.bjp.2016.07.007



Seluruh bagian tanaman



Jang, E., Kim, B.-J., Lee, K.-T., Inn, K.-S., & Lee, J.-H. (2015). A Survey of Therapeutic Effects ofArtemisia capillarisin Liver Diseases. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2015, 1–10. doi:10.1155/2015/728137



Bunga Daun Daun Buah dan daun Bunga Biji Akar Akar Buah Umbi Biji Seluruh bagian tanaman Biji Buah Bunga Buah Bunga



Asadi-Samani, M., Kafash-Farkhad, N., Azimi, N., Fasihi, A., AliniaAhandani, E., & Rafieian-Kopaei, M. (2015). Medicinal plants with hepatoprotective activity in Iranian folk medicine. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 5(2), 146–157. doi:10.1016/s2221-1691(15)30159-3



agian tumbuhan yang digunakan dan manfaatnya. Sumber Pustaka



Mahendra P, Bisht S. Anti-anxiety activity of Coriandrum sativum assessed using different experimental anxiety models. Indian J Pharmacol 2011;43:574-7 S, Satish. (2017). Therapeutic Uses of Daucus carota: A Review. International Journal of Pharma And Chemical Research. 3. 138-143. Al-Asmari AK, Athar MT, Kadasah SG. An Updated Phytopharmacological Review on Medicinal Plant of Arab Region: Apium graveolens Linn. Pharmacogn Rev. 2017;11(21):13-18. Jana, Sonali & Shekhawat, Gyan singh. (2010). Anethum graveolens: An Indian traditional medicinal herb and spice. Pharmacognosy reviews. 4. 17984. 10.4103/0973-7847.70915. Duggina P, Kalla CM, Varikasuvu SR, Bukke S, Tartte V. Protective effect of centella triterpene saponins against cyclophosphamideinduced immune and hepatic system dysfunction in rats: Its possible mechanisms of action. J Physiol Biochem 2015;71(3):435-4. Johri, R.K. Cuminum cyminum and Carum carvi: An update. Pharmacogn Rev. 2011;5(9):63-72. Mohsenzadeh, 2007. Evaluation of antibacterial activity of selected Iranian essential oils against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in nutrient broth medium. Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 10 (2007), pp. 3693-3697 Huijuan, J., Awa, W., Hanated, M., Takahashid, S., Saitoa, K., Tanakab, H., Tomitac, M., &Kato, H. (2014). Multi-faceted integrated omics analysis revealed parsley(Petroselinum crispum) as a novel dietary intervention in dextran sodium sulphateinduced colitic mice Journal of Functional Foods, 11, 438–448. Kanedi, Mohammad & Sutyarso, Sutyarso & Busman, Hendri & Nurcahyani, Nuning & Nurkhasanah, Wiwit. (2017). Root Extract of Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan) Enhances Aggressiveness, but Not Libido, in Male Mice. Annual Research & Review in Biology. 20. 1-6. 10.9734/ARRB/2017/36975.



Keshavarz A, Minaiyan M, Ghannadi A, Mahzouni P. Effects of Carum carvi L. (Caraway) extract and essential oil on TNBS-induced colitis in rats. Res Pharm Sci. 2013;8(1):1-8. Wu YC, Hsieh CL. Pharmacological effects of Radix Angelica Sinensis (Danggui) on cerebral infarction. Chin Med. 2011;6:32. Published 2011 Aug 25. doi:10.1186/1749-8546-6-32 Vanachayangkul P, Byer K, Khan S, Butterweck V. An aqueous extract of Ammi visnaga fruits and its constituents khellin and visnagin prevent cell damage caused by oxalate in renal epithelial cells. Phytomedicine. 2009;17(8-9):653-8. Samani, Z.N et al. 2018. Effective Medicinal Plants in Treating Hepatitis B. International Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Science Research. Johnson Margaret. The Tffect of Lomatium californicum on Mouse Embryonic Cell Line NIH 3T3. Mcnairs Scholars Journal. Vol 16 Stansburry, Jilian. The Apiaceae Family: Medicinal Plants Research Summary. Medical Clicic APothecary Natural Goods. 2016 Stansburry, Jilian. The Apiaceae Family: Medicinal Plants Research Summary. Medical Clicic APothecary Natural Goods. 2016 Çoruh N, Sağdıçoğlu Celep AG, Özgökçe F (2007) Antioxidant Properties of Prangos ferulaceaL.,Chaerophyllum macropodum Boiss. and Heracleum persicum Desf. from Apiaceae familyused as food in Eastern Anatolia and their inhibitory effects onglutathione-S-transferase. Food Chem 100: 1237–1242 Kuete, Victor & Teponno, Rémy & Mbaveng, Armelle & Tapondjou, Azefack & Meyer, Jacobus & Barboni, Luciano & Lall, Namrita. (2012). Antibacterial activities of the extracts, fractions and compounds from Dioscorea bulbifera. BMC complementary and alternative medicine. 12. 228. 10.1186/1472-6882-12-228.



Amiri MS, Joharchi MR. Ethnobotanical knowledge of Apiaceae family in Iran: A review. Avicenna J Phytomed. 2016;6(6):621-635.



Amiri MS, Joharchi MR. Ethnobotanical knowledge of Apiaceae family in Iran: A review. Avicenna J Phytomed. 2016;6(6):621-635.



dari Mexico Manfaat Infus tanaman, baik segar atau kering, dihargai dalam mengobati berbagai penyakit gastrointestinal, saraf, dan kardiovaskular [1058] Tanaman ini digunakan dalam obat tradisional sebagai obat penenang, obat tidur, anti-hipertensi, pengobatan anti rematik, dan sebagai pengobatan untuk sakit perut.



Uterotonic, antibacterial, and antifungal



Acaricidal, antibacterial



Sedative, antifungal



Malaria, gastroprotector



Antioxidant activity



Citotoxy activity, antitumoral



Antimicrobial and insecticide, antibacterial activities, Cytotoxic



Rebusan dari seluruh tanaman yang dihancurkan, diminum sebagai pengobatan untuk angina, asma dan dyspnoea.



Antibakteri terhadap Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus dan Streptococcus pyogens.



Anti-α-glucosidase, Anti-lipase, Anti-acetylcholinesterase, Antimicrobial



Antimicrobial



Anti-anxiety, aromatherapy



Antihyperglycemic



Antimalaria



Pain relief



antitussive, antispasmodic, antidiabetic, febrifuge, anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic, and analgesic agent



Anaesthetic; Digestive; Diuretic; Febrifuge; Hallucinogenic; Hypotensive; Narcotic; Sedative.



antidiabetic



antidiabetic



antidiabetic



Mencegah rambut rontok



Afrodisiac dari Mexico Manfaat



Antivirus



Antikanker



Antikanker



Obat luka Pencahar Meringankan sakit akibat goonorrhoe Obat kulit diuretik Antibacterial



Vasoactive



Anti inflamatori



Demam



Antimicrobial, Antifungal



rheumatism



Pencahar antifeedant



Keterangan



Keterangan



Percobaan dilakukan pada tikus dengan diet kolesterol tinggi dimana aktivitas enzim glikogen fosfilase dan glukoneogenik menunjukkan peningkatan laju glikogenolisis dan glukogenesis. Kandungan karotenoid, polifenol dan vitamin pada wortel dapat menetralisir efek radikal bebas, serta telah terbukti memiliki aktivitas penghambatan mutagenesis. Ekstrak hidroalkohol seledri (A. graveolens) dicobakan pada tikus yang diberi diet tinggi lemak. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa seledri secara signifikan menurunkan kolesterol, trigliserida, dan LDL. Ekstrak biji memiliki aktivitas pelindung mukosa, antisecretory dan antiulkus yang signifikan terhadap lesi lambung HCl dan etanol yang diinduksi pada tikus. Pada hepatotoksisitas cyclophosphamide (CYP) pada tikus, Centella asiatica triterpene saponin mengatur fungsi hati dengan mengembalikan produksi sitokin. Minyak biji jinten dan ekstraknya menghambat pertumbuhan Klebsiella pneumoniae. Minyak esensial yang diekstrak dari buah F. vulgare menunjukkan efek antibakteri terhadap patogen bawaan makanan seperti Escherichia coli, Bacillus megaterium dan Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli 0157: H7, Listeria monocytogenes dan S. aureus. P. crispum telah digunakan sebagai intervensi nutraceutical pada penyakit radang usus (IBD) melalui evaluasi multiomik menggunakan kolon dextran sodium sulphate (DSS).



Ekstrak akar etanolik purwoceng, Pimpinella pruatjan Molk., Memiliki potensi untuk meningkatkan agresivitas, tetapi tidak libido, pada mencit jantan.



Mengandung 3-7 persen minyak atsiri yang terdiri dari karvon, limonene, dihidrokarvon, karveol, dihidrokarveol, asetaldehida, dan furol yang bersifat karminatif. Danggui dan natrium ferit menghambat terjadinya aterosklerosis dengan mengurangi kadar TG dan meningkatkan peroksidasi lipid atau meningkatkan produksi NO, atau keduanya. Khellin dan visnagin, senyawa aktif pada Ammi visnaga diketahui mampu meluruhkan batu ginjal dan menormalisasi hipertriglisemia. Menghambat aktivitas rotavirus. L. Californicumroots menunjukkan sitotoksisitas terhadap sel kanker payudara dan sel-sel darah manusia perifer normal Ekstrak Conium menstimulasi vestibular, ocular, dan acousticocortical system yang menormalkan aktivitas vertigo pada dewasa. Melalui jalur Nitric oxida, Cnidium memiliki kemampuan untuk mendilatasi pembuluh darah, yang sangat baik untuk mengatasi gangguan cardiovaskular.



Ekstrak mentah menghambat proliferasi CCRF-CEM serta sel CEM / ADR5000 sementara fraksi dari F. hermonis dan jaeschkeanadiol phydroxybenzoate (3) juga dikenal sebagai ferutinin, diisolasi dari fraksi aktifnya yang diinduksi lebih dari 50% inhibisi terhadap MiaPaCa. -2 sel, sel MCF-7, sel CCRF-CEM, dan sel CEM / ADR5000 (Kuete et al., 2012).



Sumber pustaka** Moldenke, H.N & A.L. 1897. A Botanical Journal Devoted to the Valid Publication of New Taxa. Zaida N. Juárez; Luis R. Hernández et al. Antifungal activity of essential oils extracted from Agastache mexicana ssp. Xolocotziana and Porophyllum linaria ag. 2015. Industrial Crops and Products 74 (2015) 178-182 Villa-Ruano N, Betancourt-Jiménez M G, Lozoya-Gloria E. Biosynthesis of uterotonic diterpenes from Montanoa tomentosa (Zoapatle). Journal of Plant Physiology. 2009;166(18):1961–1967. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2009.06.004 Hernández T, Canales M, Avila J G, Duran A, Caballero J, De Vivar A R, Lira R. Ethnobotany and antibacterial activity of some plants used in traditional medicine of Zapotitlán de las Salinas, Puebla (México). Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2003;88:181– 188. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/S03788741(03)00213-7



Keterangan



García-mateos R, Soto-Hernández M, Kelly D. Alkaloids from six Erythrina species endemic to Mexico. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 1998;26:545– 551.



Beltrán-Rodriguez L, Romero-Manzanares A, Luna-Cavazos M, Vibrans, H, ManzoRamos F, Cuevas-Sanchez J, García-Moya E. Natural History and harvest of the bark of yellow quina Hintonia latiflora (Rubiaceae). Botanical Sciences. 2015;93(2):1–12. DOI: http://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.231 Porras-Loaiza P, Jiménez-Munguía M T, Sosa-Morales M E, Palou E, LópezMalo A. Physical properties, chemical characterization and fatty acid composition of Mexican chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds. International Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2014;49(2):571–577. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.12339 Rojas-Sepúlveda A M, Mendieta-Serrano M, Mojica M Y A, Salas-Vidal E, Marquina S, Villarreal M L, Alvarez L. Cytotoxic podophyllotoxin typelignans from the steam bark of Bursera fagaroides var. fagaroides. Molecules. 2012;17(8):9506–9519. DOI: http://doi. org/10.3390/molecules17089506 Mansfeld's Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Plants Publication Author Website http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/pls/htmldb_pgrc/f? p=185:3:4292127278597336 Publisher Year 0 ISBN Description Terse details of a huge range of useful plants. Garcia A, Delgado G. Uncommon sesquiterpenoids and new triterpenoids from Jatropha neopauciflora (Euphorbiaceae). Helvetica Chimica Acta. 2006;89(1):16–29. DOI: http://doi. org/10.1002/hlca.200690009



World Agroforesty Centre Publication Author Website http://www.worldagroforestry.org/ Publisher Year 0 ISBN Description An excellent online database of a huge range of trees giving very good information on each plant - its uses, ecology, identity, propagation, pests etc. Villa-Ruano, Nemesio & Pacheco-Hernández, Yesenia & Cruz, Ramiro & Lozoya-Gloria, Edmundo. (2015). Volatiles and seasonal variation of the essential oil composition from the leaves of Clinopodium macrostemum var. laevigatum and its biological activities. Industrial Crops and Products. 77. 741-747. 10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.09.050. Flora of Guatemala Publication Author Standley P.C. & J. A. Steyermark Website http://www.archive.org/ Publisher Year 1946 - 1976 ISBN Description A superb reference, though somewhat dated. Gives lots of plant uses as well as information on plant habit and habitat. The entire flora (13 volumes) can now be downloaded from http://www.archive.org/ Mansfeld's Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Plants Publication Author Website http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/pls/htmldb_pgrc/f? p=185:3:4292127278597336 Publisher Year 0 ISBN Description Terse details of a huge range of useful plants. Narváez-Mastache J M, Garduño-Ramírez M L, Alvarez L, Delgado G. Antihyperglycemic activity and chemical constituents of Eysenhardtia platycarpa. Journal of Natural Products. 2006;69(12):1687–1691. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1021/np060166z Trees and Shrubs of Mexico Publication Contributions from the United States National Herbarium Vol 23 Author Standley P.C. Publisher Smithsonian Institution; Washington Year 1926 ISBN Trees and Shrubs of Mexico Publication Contributions from the United States National Herbarium Vol 23 Author Standley P.C. Publisher Smithsonian Institution; Washington Year 1926 ISBN



The Ethanolic Extract of Eysenhardtia polystachya (Ort.) Sarg. Bark and Its Fractions Delay the Progression of Rheum Publication Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (2018), 17 (1): 236-248 Author Saudy Saret PabloPérez et al Publisher Year 2018 Jorge A. Cytotoxic activity in Tagetes lucida Cav. Instituto de Investigaciones Quimico Biologicas, University Michoacana of San Nicolas de Hidalgo,Ed. B-3, Cuidad Universitaria, Francisco J. Mujica, Morelia, Michoacan, C. P. 58060, Mexico. 2011 F.JAlarcon-Aguilar. Evaluation of the hypoglycemic effect of Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché (Cucurbitaceae) in different experimental models. División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Apdo. P. 55-535, 09340 Mexico, D.F., Mexico. 2002 Zapata-Bustos, R., Alonso-Castro, Á. J., Gómez-Sánchez, M., & SalazarOlivo, L. A. (2014). Ibervillea sonorae (Cucurbitaceae) induces the glucose uptake in human adipocytes by activating a PI3K-independent pathway. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 152(3), 546–552. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2014.01.041 Ortiz-Andrade, R., Cabañas-Wuan, A., Arana-Argáez, V. E., Alonso-Castro, A. J., Zapata-Bustos, R., Salazar-Olivo, L. A., … García-Carrancá, A. (2012). Antidiabetic effects of Justicia spicigera Schltdl (Acanthaceae). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 143(2), 455–462. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2012.06.043 Martinez-Herrera J, Siddhuraju P, Francis G, Davila-Ortiz G, Becker K. Chemical composition, toxic/anti-metabolic constituents, and effect of different treatments on their levels, in four provenances of Jatropha curcas L. from Mexico. Food Chemistry. 2006; 96, 80–89. Zhao J, Pawar R, Ali Z, Khan I. Phytochemical investigation of Turnera diffusa. Journal of Natural Products. 2007; 70, 289–292. Sumber pustaka**



Keterangan



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