Module Context Clues [PDF]

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USING CONTEXT CLUES TO HELP TEACHERS TACKLE UNFAMILIAR ENGLISH WORDS



LATAR BELAKANG Pernahkah Bapak/Ibu membaca suatu teks dalam bahasa Inggris, dan dipertengahan proses membacanya kita menemukan beberapa kosakata baru di dalam teks tersebut yang belum pernah kita temui dan pahami sebelumnya? Nah, apakah Bapak/Ibu juga pernah mengalami kesulitan untuk menangkap arti kosakata baru bahasa Inggris itu? Wahhh, apalagi kalau kosakata baru itu agak panjang, terdengar kompleks saat diucapkan, dan jarang terdengar dalam percakapan sehari-hari… Hal seperti ini tak jarang membuat kita sebel dan gregetan yaa, Bapak Ibu? Hehehe, bahkan hal itu juga bisa sampai membuat kita malas untuk lanjut membaca.



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“Yahhh, apakah setiap kali saya menemukan kosakata baru, saya harus buka kamus atau Google Translate untuk tau artinya?” “Ada cara yang lebih mudah ngga yaa untuk bisa paham kata baru dalam bahasa Inggris?”



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WHAT IS CONTEXT CLUE?



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Saat kita menemukan kosakata baru dalam teks bahasa Inggris, sesungguhnya kita tidak harus selalu mencari kamus atau Google Translate, lhoo Bapak Ibu. Kita juga bisa mencari tahu makna dari kosakata baru tersebut dengan menggunakan clue atau petunjuk dalam konteks dari teks yang sedang kita baca. Bak seorang detektif, dalam English Week kali ini kita akan mencari tahu bagaimana kita bisa memanfaatkan CONTEXT CLUES untuk mencari tahu arti kata baru dalam bahasa Inggris.



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What Are Context Clues?



Words or phrases around unfamiliar words that can help us understand the meaning of a word.



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Context Clues are words that say, “Stop - don’t touch that dictionary! The definition of the word you don’t know is right here in the text!“



Hi!



Atau dalam kata lain, dengan memanfaatkan bantuan clue atau petunjuk dalam teks, kita bisa mengurangi ketergantungan terhadap kamus atau Google Translate untuk memahami makna kosakata baru, menambah jumlah perbendaharaan kosakata bahasa Inggris kita, dan tentunya bisa memahami teks bahasa Inggris dengan lebih baik.



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1. Definition



WHAT TYPES OF CONTEXT CLUES ARE THERE? ...



2. Synonym 3. Antonym 4. Description or Inference 5. Example 6. Before-After Sentence(s) 7. Picture



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Types of Context Clues 1. Definition



The word is defined directly and clearly in the sentence in which it appears.



EXAMPLES In University of Indonesia, Anto takes Entomology, the study of insects. The arbitrator, the neutral person chosen to settle the dispute, arrived at her decision. Mary got the scholarship for winning a contest. A scholarship is a grant or prize to pay for school.



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Types of Context Clues 2. Synonym



The meaning is usually right after the unfamiliar word and often separated from the rest of the sentence with commas, dashes, or parentheses; sometimes, or that is, or in other words is used. EXAMPLES



Meat eaters, that is carnivores, are at the top of the food chain. The goslings - the baby geese - waddled after their mother. Flooded with spotlights – the focus of all attention – the new Miss America.



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Types of Context Clues 3. Antonym



The unfamiliar word is shown to be different from or unlike another word, and is often an opposite; but, unlike, whereas, however, although, otherwise, unless, instead, on the contrary, on the other hand, while, never, no, or not may be used to signal contrast. EXAMPLES



Unlike Jamaal’s room, which was immaculate, Jeffrey’s room was very messy. Whereas Melissa is quite lithe, her sister is awkward. Some children were willing to play in the snow, but others were reluctant because it was so cold.



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Types of Context Clues 4. Description or Inference



The meaning of an unfamiliar word can be inferred from the description of a situation or experience. EXAMPLES



She told her friend, “I’m through with blind dates forever. What a dull evening! I was bored every minute.” The monkey’s vociferous chatter made me wish I had headsets. The man gigged the large fish, so he needed his friend to enlarge the hole to drag it out of the frigid water.



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Types of Context Clues 5. Examples



This type of context clue uses examples to help explain the meaning of the unknown word, for instance, such as, and for example may be used as signals. EXAMPLES



Nutritious foods, such as fruits and vegetables, help our bodies grow. Celestial bodies, for example the sun, moon, and stars, have fascinated man through the centuries. Piscatorial creatures, for instance salmon, live in the coldest parts of the ocean.



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STOP! Let’s Plaaaaaay



CONTEXT CLUE RIDDLE



Their affluent neighbors, not lacking financial resources, have their own private jet. Affluent means . . . a. Rich b. Poor c. Deficient



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d. Inferior



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Rich



(Definition)



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Types of Context Clues 6. BeforeAfter Sentence(s)



Before and/or after sentences become the clues for the unknown word. EXAMPLES THE VELVETEEN RABBIT by Margery Williams



For a long time he lived in the toy cupboard or on the nursery floor. No one thought very much about him. He was naturally shy. Being only made of velveteen, some of the more expensive toys quite snubbed him.



Question: What does ‘Naturally’ mean?



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Types of Context Clues THE VELVETEEN RABBIT by Margery Williams



(1) For a long time he lived in the toy cupboard or on the nursery floor. (2) No one thought very much about him. (3) He was naturally shy. (4) Being only made of velveteen, some of the more expensive toys quite snubbed him.



Naturally in sentence 3, can be inferred as usually atau biasanya. Penjelasan jawaban: Dengan memahami konteks kalimat sebelumnya (kalimat kedua dalam paragraf), kata naturally bisa juga berarti usually atau biasanya.



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Types of Context Clues 3. Picture



Use pictures and other graphics to find hints about the meaning of unfamiliar words.



EXAMPLES



The clerk hands Amani a receipt after she has paid for the shoes



Amani leaves the store with many bundles in her arms



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Quick Review



CONTEXT CLUES?



They help us define unfarmiliar, difficult words in text Help us become better readers and are handy during the tests. It’s like being a reading detective!



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Quick Review



WHAT TYPES CONTEXT CLUES



1. Definition 2. Synonym 3. Antonym 4. Description or Inference 5. Example 6. Before-After Sentence(s)



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7. Picture



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