OPTCL Basic Concepts of GIS Engineering [PDF]

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OPTCL TRAINING, 16TH OCT’19



Basic concepts of GIS system Engg Mr.Rijwan Kudalkar, Principal Consultant (ABB India Ltd.)



Basic concepts of GIS system engg Agenda •



Why GIS ?



•



Benefits of Gas Insulated Switchgear.



•



Standards.



•



Important aspects in specification.



•



Available general variety of product.



•



Switching Configuration (Double Bus Bar , One & Half CB scheme)



•



Green Field (New) GIS substation engineering consideration



•



Brown Field (Extension) GIS substation engineering consideration



•



GIS Substation System study nothing but proper planned engineering.



•



GIS Layout Optimization Case Studies.



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Basic concepts of GIS system engineering



WHY GIS?



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Basic concepts of GIS system engg. Benefits of Gas Insulated switchgear. • • • • • • • • •



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Low space requirement Low environmental impact Low Life Cycle Costs High energy efficiency High safety level High quality standard Fear of terrorism and vandalism Increasing „urbanization Reconstruction/extension with minimised interruption time



Basic concepts of GIS system engg. Low Space requirement



volume reduction (GIS type compact substation compared to AIS substation) Land cost saving Minimized aesthetic impact on the local environment



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Basic concepts of GIS system engg. Vandalism, Trrorism & Environmental Acpect Bombing / 1999 It is easy to find a AIS



But where is the GIS?



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Basic concepts of GIS system engg. Various space saving option high



Space saving PASS Outdoor/ (indoor)



PASS M0S PASS M0 PASS M00



low



medium



Conventional AIS outdoor



GIS Indoor / outdoor



no



partial



Encapsulation



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full



Substation integration with reduced time interruption



Steps to renew a substation with minimum interruption...



…we find the right solution together with you.



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Basic concepts of GIS system engg



STANDARDS 16-Oct-19



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Basic concepts of GIS system engg Main Important IEC Standards GIS standard for above 52kV Circuit breaker Disconnector Earthing Switch Instrument Transformer Bushings Arrester Cable Connections Transformer connection Seismic qualification SF6 Gas



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IEC 62271-203 IEC 62271-100 IEC 62271-102 IEC 62271-102 IEC 61869 IEC 60137 IEC 60099 IEC 62271-209 IEC 61639 IEC 62271-207 IEC 60376



Basic concepts of GIS system engg •



IMPORTANTS ASPECTS IN SPECIFICATION



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Basic concepts of GIS system engg Important Aspects in Specification •



Single Line Diagram, Plot arrangement, Line Entry etc.



•



Geometrical and Site Parameters



•



Ambient Conditions



•



Technical Requirements •



Basic System Parameters q Rated voltage q Rated busbar current q Rated Short circuit current q Rated Feeder current q Configuration q Equipment of the bays q Connection method of the bays



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Basic concepts of GIS system engg Important Aspects in Specification Technical Requirements



• •



Special conditions q Safety first– Minimum risk to human life. q Adequate safety margin with respect to thermal, mechanical, dielectric stress and insulation coordination etc. shall be maintained during design & Selection of Material etc. q The GIS assembly shall consist of separate modular compartments q These compartments shall be such that maintenance on one feeder may be performed without de-energising the adjacent feeders. These compartments shall be designed to minimize the risk of damage to adjacent sections and protection of personnel in the event of a failure occurring within the compartments. q All components of GIS having identical rating shall have identical and interchangeable parts and operating mechanism as far as possible. q Gas barrier insulators shall be provided so as to divide the GIS into separate compartments. These shall be suitably located in order to minimize disturbance in case of leakage or dismantling. q Maximum VFT over voltages peak shall not be higher than rated lightning impulse withstand voltage (LIWV) of the equipment.



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Basic concepts of GIS system engg Important Aspects in Specification Technical Requirements



• •



Special conditions q Maximum VFT over voltages peak shall not be higher than rated lightning impulse withstand voltage (LIWV) of the equipment. q The enclosure shall be of continuous design and shall meet the requirement as specified in of IEEE 80. q Insulation Co-ordination study. q Adequate number of UHF sensors shall be provided in the offered GIS for detection of Partial discharge



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Basic concepts of GIS system engg Important Aspects in Specification Technical Requirements



• •



Service Continuity Requirementq For One & half breaker bus switching scheme during a fault in CB compartment, No bus bar and feeder is permitted out of service during maintenance and repair/replacement. q For Double Main bus switching scheme during a fault in CB compartment, No bus bar permitted out of service during maintenance and repair/replacement. q During a fault in GIS compartment other than CB compartment, maximum one bus bar and/or one feeder permitted out of service during maintenance and repair/replacement.



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Basic concepts of GIS system engg Available general variety of product. Sub Transmission



Encapsulation Rated Voltage kV Rated PWWF kV (power frequency withstand voltage) Rated LIWV kV



Transmission



ThreeThree- / single-phase phase 72.5-170 245/252 300 275-325 460 460



Single-phase 420 650



550 740



800 960



1000 1100



650-750



1050



1050



1425



1550



2100



2400



A



2500/4000



3150



4000



Rated A breaking current



40/50/63



50



63



4000/ 5000 63



4000/ 6300 63



4000/ 5000 50



4000/6 300 50



Rated current



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GIS schemes (Switching Configuration) Double Busbar E01



E02



E03



E04



E05



E06



E07



E08



110kV/ 2500A/ 31,5kA option



3700



5500



500



1000



220kV DBB GSLD.pdf



option



E01 E02 E03 E04 E05 E06 E07 E08 9150 12500



220kV DBB 220kV DBB PLAN.pdf SECTION.pdf



Basic concepts of GIS system engg Prerequisites 5 requirements regarding working on insulators



1.



Work on full pressurized partition insulators is not allowed.



2.



Work on pressurized partition insulators is only allowed if the pressure in the adjacent compartment is reduced.



3.



Work on support insulators is allowed. In this case adjacent partition insulators can remain under full pressure.



4.



During service and repair work the affected partition insulators have to be under reduced pressure.



5.



All insulators of the affected gas compartment have to be replaced.



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Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) Layouts - Service continuity double busbar arrangement No bay-wise gas segregation No buffer compartment between both busbar disconnectors No buffer compartment between circuit breaker and current transformer Consequence: Failure in an disconnector will lead to a major shutdown of the substation Failure in a busbar, will cause – Long repair time – big environmental impact



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Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) Layouts - Service continuity double busbar arrangement 2



1 User’s benefits of dual gas barrier concept §



High availability during repair and maintenance 1. Bay-wise gas segregation 2. Buffer zone between busbar disconnector (at least one busbar is in service) 3. Circuit-breaker can be removed without shutdown of substation



§



Minimum outage time due to 1.Buffer compartments 2.Partition insulators as gas barrier



3,4



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3,4



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For examples see IEC 62271-203 Annex F



Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) Layouts - Service continuity 1½-breaker arrangement 11.



Buffer gas compartments between bays in main busbar §



1 22.



Buffer gas compartment between circuit-breaker and feeder §



2



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Not entire busbar will go out of service for a long time



Circuit-breaker can be exchanged leaving both feeder disconnectors in service



Basic concepts of GIS system engg (Green Field Substation) Content Green Field Substation.



• –



Input



–



Primary Engineering



–



Secondary Engineering



–



Civil Requirement



–



Study/Calculation of GIS installation. Brown Field Substation.



•



•



–



Input



–



Primary Engineering



–



Secondary Engineering



–



Civil Requirement



–



Study/Calculation of GIS installation. Layout Optimization Case Studies.



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Basic concepts of GIS system engg (Green Field Substation) INPUT •



Plot plan



•



Contour map/ Site level



•



Line Corridor



•



Approach road detail to substation



•



Switching scheme



•



No. of present Line bays , Line/Bus Reactor bays & Transformer bays.



•



No. of Future Line bays , Line/Bus Reactor bays & Transformer bays.



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Basic concepts of GIS system engg (Green Field Substation) INPUT • • •



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Plot Plan Contour Map/ Site Level Approach Road



Basic concepts of GIS system engg (Green Field Substation) INPUT • • •



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Line Corridor No. of present Line bays , Line/Bus Reactor bays & Transformer bays. No. of Future Line bays , Line/Bus Reactor bays & Transformer bays.



Basic concepts of GIS system engg (Green Field Substation) Primary Engineering Layout planning.



• –



GIS Duct Routing ( Single Layer/ Multi Layer)



–



AIS/ GIS Combination in Layout.



–



GIS/Cable Combination in Layout. Building planning.



• –



GIS Building ( Present + Future Arrangement)



–



Control Room Building



–



LCC/CRP/PLCC/FOTE etc. Panel planning



–



Fire Fighting Building



–



AHU Room Planning



•



Transformer & Reactor Location Planning.



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LT Feeder Planning



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Access planning within switchyard.



•



Planning of extension of GIS switchgear.



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Basic concepts of GIS system engg (Green Field Substation) Primary Engineering (Layout Planning)



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Basic concepts of GIS system engg (Green Field Substation) Primary Engineering ( Building Planning) Building planning.



• –



GIS Building ( Present + Future Arrangement)



–



Control Room Building



–



LCC/CRP/PLCC/FOTE etc. Panel planning



–



Fire Fighting Building



–



AHU Room Planning



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Basic concepts of GIS system engg (Green Field Substation) Secondary Engineering Requirement of Battery for GIS Switchgear



• –



Depend upon the CB operating mechanism & switching scheme, Battery rating needs to be considered.



–



Higher rating of battery compared to AIS substation for same no. of Bays.



–



Location can be in control room or near to GIS hall. Outdoor Illumination.



• –



Smaller & compact area compared to AIS substation.



–



Due to less no. of Gantry structure in outdoor yard, Mast or support structure needs to be considered in strategic location. Indoor Illumination.



• –



High bay luminarie to be used in GIS hall due to height.



–



Maintenance aspect to be taken care during installation. Access to Luminarie shall be available during maintenance.



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Basic concepts of GIS system engg (Green Field Substation) Secondary Engineering AHU requirement finalization



• –



Depends upon Volume of Building.



–



Area occupied by GIS Switchgear.



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No. of Air changes requirement.



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Openings in room. Crane requirement finalization



• –



Capacity of crane depends upon heaviest weight of GIS component.



–



Long Travel & Cross travel of crane depends upon access area of GIS switchgear.



–



Height of crane hook depends upon the hindrance free movement of crane. Building Fire fighting system finalization.



• –



Height aspect of building to be taken care in GIS Hall.



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Basic concepts of GIS system engg (Green Field Substation) Secondary Engineering •



Yard Fire fighting system finalization.



•



Visual Monitoring system.



•



Air Conditioning system.



•



Protection System of GIS Switchgear.



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Basic concepts of GIS system engg (Green Field Substation) Civil Requirement



•



Finalizing building size as per GIS Switchgear requirement.



•



Finalizing Building column location with respect to GIS Duct.



•



Co-ordination of GIS Duct opening.



•



Provision of access for switchgear installation.



•



Clear maintenance space around switchgear.



•



Provision of platform for crane maintenance & ladder to platform.



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Basic concepts of GIS system engg (Green Field Substation) Civil Requirement •



Co-ordination for building floor level & bus duct foundation floor level.



•



Co-ordination of AHU duct with building structure.



•



Co-ordination of Cable trench , Chamber & Buried pipe for cabling.



•



Co-ordination of indoor bus duct support structure.



•



Co-ordination of Earth riser location.



•



Co-ordination of support member in concrete floor.



•



Provision of floor for future area inside building.



•



Provision of future extension in building.



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Slide 33



Basic concepts of GIS system engg (Green Field Substation) Study/Calculation of GIS installation. •



Earthing Calculation



•



Short circuit calculation



•



Cantilever strength check calculation.



•



DSLP Calculation



•



Insulation Co-ordination.



•



VFTO study.



•



CT Sizing Calculation.



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Basic concepts of GIS system engg (Brown Field Substation) INPUT •



Existing GIS SLD.



•



Existing GIS Layout.



•



Overall existing plot plan.



•



Existing Phase sequence of substation.



•



Provision of extension of GIS switchgear.



•



Existing Building arrangement.



•



Structural Details of existing building.



•



Contour map/ Site level



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Basic concepts of GIS system engg (Brown Field Substation) INPUT (Existing SLD) Extension 400kV



Existing 400kV



Future 400kV



Future 220kV



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Present 220kV



Basic concepts of GIS system engg (Brown Field Substation) INPUT (Existing Layout) Present 400kV Existing 400kV



Area for 220kV



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Future 400kV



Basic concepts of GIS system engg (Brown Field Substation) Developed Overall Layout



Existing 400kV Switchyard



Extension 400kV Switchyard



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220kV Switchyard



Basic concepts of GIS system engg (Brown Field Substation) INPUT (Existing Building Layout)



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Basic concepts of GIS system engg (Brown Field Substation) (Existing + Present + Future Developed Building Layout)



Future 400kV



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Present 400kV



Existing 400kV



Basic concepts of GIS system engg (Brown Field Substation) (Existing Building Photograph)



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Basic concepts of GIS system engg (Outdoor GIS Substation)



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Basic concepts of GIS system engg (Outdoor GIS Substation)



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Basic concepts of GIS system engg Some Common Questions ?? 1)



Is the GIS suitable for system over voltages ? Is higher rating of GIS a correct technical solution !!!



2)



Should I require a CB with PIR or not ? What should be the safe line length ?



3)



Which switching configuration should I adopt ? (Double bus or one and half CB)



4)



Is line reactor required on line or not ?



5)



What are the issues which comes in GIS extensions ?



6)



Should I use a control switching relay ?



7)



What are the typical earthing solutions ?



8)



Transformer interconnection should be with GIS or AIS ? What is preferable ?



9)



What are the VFTO levels in GIS ? Are these meeting technical requirements.



10)



Are there any specific requirements for Generating stations ?



11)



How to optimize the duct routing ?



12)



How to take care of the maintenance aspects in layout engineering ?



13)



How to ensure correct coordination between LCC and GIS ?



14)



Is the GIS earthing suitable for future fault levels……. ?



15)



More ……. More …….. More ………



System studies and Proper planned Engineering is the key to many core issues 16-Oct-19



Slide 44



Basic concepts of GIS system engg Some Critical Aspects



Technical Studies



System Studies



Layout Engineering



Engineering Solutions



Secondary Engineering



Ensuring the design requirements are met. Finalizing the rating of surge arrestors Ensuring safe working of equipment and personal. Helping to assimilate product into correct technical system solution Meet maintenance requirements Future proof solution. Take care of statutory clearances Minimum / No downtime for future expansion Finalizing Space and optimizing land Protection coordination studies (HV, MV, LV) Finalizing the Auxiliary requirements (taking care of future needs) GIS solutions



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Slide 45



Future proof Engineering solutions to meet growing Power system requirements



Basic concepts of GIS system engg VFTO Studies in GIS VFT Generated by Isolators and CB switching Magnitude will depend on the layout configuration & residual voltage Critical for High voltage GIS Stresses the Insulation levels in GIS VFTO study can analyze the levels of VFT in GIS. This is not standardized and will vary with layout. VFT can have rise time 4-100 ns



VFTO check via VFTO Studies is MUST 16-Oct-19



Slide 46



Basic concepts of GIS system engg Insulation Co-ordination Studies in GIS



Arrestor & Network parameter Necessary to know the arrestor parameters from supplier. Co-ordinate the requirements wrt system requirements Suitable protection margin between SIWL and SIPL; LIWL and LIPL ensures better performance



Know your protection levels & margins 16-Oct-19



Slide 47



Basic concepts of GIS system engg EARTHING Design in GIS



Earthing Design FEM methodology (XGS LAB Software) helps to analyze the unsafe potential within switchyard Effect of conductor impedance needs to be considered in design Requirement of close spaced earth mesh below the GIS Hall needs to be understood and modelled accordingly Effect of high frequency transients needs to be analyzed. Concrete floor need to be modelled on case to case basis.



Earthing Model & Analysis needs a close review



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Slide 48



Picture / artwork size: Height = 12.09 cm Width = 11.47 cm



Basic concepts of GIS system engg GIS Layout Optimization. •



Location of Building.



•



Arrangement of future bay.



•



Arrangement of bus ducts.



•



Bay width.



•



Arrangement of line termination bay. (In line / Back to back)



•



Reduction in GIS building size.(Reduction in civil cost, reduction in execution Time & Reduction in AHU Size)



•



Combination of AIS & GIS by meeting technical requirement. Helps in reduction of cost.



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Basic concepts of GIS system engg GIS Layout Optimization. (Case-1 – Tender Stage Layout)



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Basic concepts of GIS system engg GIS Layout Optimization. (Case-1 – Execution Stage Layout)



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Basic concepts of GIS system engg GIS Layout Optimization. (Case-1 – Execution Stage Layout)



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Slide 52



Basic concepts of GIS system engg GIS Layout Optimization. (Case-1 – Optimization Points) • Area = (200 x 130 = 26000 sq.mtr) • Reduction in Bay width. • Approximate reduction in • 400kV bus duct is 350 mtr. & • 220kV Bus duct is 600 mtr. • Reduction in building size Area • 400kV GIS Building (960-648) = 312 sq. mtr. • 220kV GIS Building (552-336) = 216 sq. mtr. • Reduction in area & building sizes helps in • Civil works. • AHU Requirement • Illumination • Cabling requirement.



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Basic concepts of GIS system engg (Green Field Substation) GIS Layout Optimization. (Case-2 – In line Line feeder arrangement & Combination of AIS & GIS Solution)



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Basic concepts of GIS system engg (Green Field Substation) GIS Layout Optimization. (Case-2 – In line Line feeder arrangement & Combination of AIS & GIS Solution) Area = (29434 sq. mtr) AIS + GIS Solution from cost optimization & maintenance point of view. – Provision of SF6 to Air bushing – AIS LA instead of GIS LA. – Transformer & Reactor with AIS connection instead of GIS connection.



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Basic concepts of GIS system engg (Green Field Substation) GIS Layout Optimization. (Case-3 – Tender stage Layout)



400kV



220kV



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Basic concepts of GIS system engg (Green Field Substation) GIS Layout Optimization. (Case-3 – In line Line feeder arrangement & Combination of AIS & GIS Solution)



400kV



220kV 16-Oct-19



Slide 57



Basic concepts of GIS system engg (Green Field Substation) GIS Layout Optimization. (Case-3 – In line Line feeder arrangement & Combination of AIS & GIS Solution)



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Slide 58



•



Lowest down time for spare transformer switching – Isolator arrangements; in HV, LV & aux bus. 1 – 2 hours as against 12 – 14 hours.



•



Highest safety standards. No physical labour involvement including shifting & reconnection of transformer



•



Changeover from local / remote possible with full safety interlocks.



•



No immediate requirement of supervisor of transformer manufacturer, lesser resources required at site. No spare transformer shifting (lesser O&M inventory)



•



Future proof solution, can be easily extended for future



•



Spare transformer can be used for even future bank. (Reducing spare transformer requirements)



Basic concepts of GIS system engg GIS is not as same as AIS… 1.



It involves careful understanding of user requirement (Availability, Reliability, Critical load switching)



2.



Careful planning with respect to future needs (Expansion)



3.



Insulation coordination & VFTO studies to ensure safe working of switchgear.



4.



Careful soil resistivity interpretation and good understanding of earthing design.



5.



Proper knowledge of electrical, civil and mechanical engineering aspects.



6.



Protection coordination studies to ensure the system is safe & reliable wrt changing Power system requirements



7.



Proper understanding of GIS layout engineering to take care of statutory requirements, maintenance aspects and future extension.



8.



Requirement of camouflaged substation is on rise.



GIS Engineering is a mix of “Art & Science”



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Contact Information Power Consulting – ABB INDIA LTD. If you have further questions, please contact me at: Presenter : Rijwan S Kudalkar Company : ABB India Ltd Contact phone : (+91) 9724334575 Contact e-mail : [email protected]



Thank You



16-Oct-19



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