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TOEIC Grammar
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PREPOSITIONS 1. Prepositions of time Prepositions of time (giới từ chỉ thời gian) indicate time. We use: AT - for the time:
at eight o’clock
at 7 p.m
- with expressions:
at Christmas/ Easter
at noon/ midday/ night/ midnight
at breakfast/ lunch/ dinner
at the weekend
at the moment
at present
ON - with days of the week:
on Monday/ Sunday
- for part of a specific day:
on Friday evening
on Monday morning
- with dates:
th
on 9 August
- with expressions:
on a hot/ cold day
on Christmas Eve
on New Year’s Day
on my birthday
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TOEIC Grammar
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in the twentieth century
in the sixteenth century
- with years:
in 1998
in 2002
- with seasons:
in spring
in the summer
- with months:
in March
in September
- with expressions:
in the morning
in the afternoon
in the evening
BY, UNTIL The preposition by (vào lúc) means “by”, “not later than”
You must be back by midnight.
The preposition until means “until” (cho đến khi).
You can keep my car until Monday.
By and until are not used in the same way. With by, we refer to something that will take place (at the latest: muộn nhất) by some time in the future. With until, we refer to the duration that an action or state will have. Compare the examples below:
I’ll be at the office by eight. (I will get to the office by eight at the latest: Tôi sẽ đến văn phòng muộn nhất là lúc 8 giờ.)
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I’ll be at the office until eight. (I will be at the office until eight. Then I will leave.: Tôi sẽ ở văn phòng đến 8 giờ, sau đó tôi sẽ đi.)
DURING The preposition during means “during” and is always followed by a noun.
You must be quiet during the lesson.
During is used in the same way as while. While is not a preposition and is followed by a clause (mệnh đề). Compare the following examples: during + noun
Mary fell asleep during the film.
while + clause
Mary fell asleep while she was watching the film.
2. Prepositions of place - Prepositions of place (Giới từ chỉ địa điểm) indicate a place. Some of these are: at
Mike is at the office.
on
I left a note on the kitchen table.
over
Let’s hang the painting over the sofa.
above
There’s a sign above the entrance.
in
My purse was in my bag five minutes ago!
inside
Let’s see what’s inside that box.
outside
He’s been standing outside the bank for hours.
under
There’s a mouse under the sofa!
below
I usually wear my skirts below the knee.
near
Is there a bank near here?
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next to
The cinema is next to the post office.
beside
They have a beautiful house beside the river.
by
We sat by the fire to get warm.
in front of
She parked her car in front of our house.
behind
The shop assistant was standing behind the counter.
opposite
Let’s put the bed opposite the window.
among
I found this magazine among some old books.
between
Liam is sitting between Jill and Tom.
- We use specific prepositions with some expressions. at
on
in
at home
on the left/ right
in bed
at school
on the first/ second floor
in hospital
at work
on page 25
in prison
at the top/ bottom (of)
on an island
in London/ Greece in the middle (of) in the sky
- Please note the following:
in Willow Street BUT at 25, Willow Street
on a chair BUT in an armchair.
on a bus/ train/ plane/ ship/ bike/ horse BUT in a car/ taxi
3. Prepositions of movement Prepositions of movement indicate movement and are usually used with verbs that indicate movement, such as come, go, walk, move, fly, etc.
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up
Let’s go up that mountain
down
She ran down the stairs.
onto
The cat jumped onto the bed
into
He got into his car and left.
out of
Get out of my room now.
from
I come home from work at six.
to
Do you usually walk to school?
towards
I saw her walking towards me.
over
The dog jumped over the wall.
round
Go round the corner.
along
Let’s go for a walk along the river.
across
He swam across the river.
off
The little boy fell off his bike.
through
We drove through the tunnel.
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4. Dependent prepositions Verb dependent prepositions Some verbs are followed by specific prepositions. Some of them are: agree with
believe in
disagree about st
listen to
talk about
apologize for
belong to
dream about
look at
tell sb about
apply for
borrow from
escape from
pay for
thank sb for
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argue with sb
consist of
explain to
reply to
think about
argue about st
crash into
hear from/ about
search for
wait for
arrive in/ at
depend on
laugh at
shout at
write to
ask for/ about
disagree with sb
lie about
rake care of
worry about
I wish you’d stop shouting at me!
She apologized for being late.
Adjective dependent prepositions Some adjectives are followed by specific prepositions. Some of these are: addicted to
dependent on
full of
nervous about
scared of
afraid of
different from
good at
proud of
similar to
angry with sb
dressed in
guilty of
ready for
sorry about/ for
angry about sth
enthusiastic about
interested in
responsible for
sure of/ about
bad at
excited about
jealous of
sad about
surprised at/ by
bored with
fed up with
keen on
the same as
tired of
connected to
fond of
made of
satisfied with
worried about
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crazy about
I’m not very good at Maths.
Mark is crazy about football
I’ve always been interested in History.
Nouns and prepositions: Some nouns are followed by specific prepositions. Some of these are: advice on/ about Sponsored by:
description of
interest in
reason for
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answer to
difficulty in/ with
invitation to
responsibility for
cause of
discussion on/about
lack of
result of
cost of
example of
need for
solution to
demand for
information about/on
photo/picture of
She gave them a detailed description of the robbers.
They have not found a solution to the problem yet.
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