Programmable Logic Controller W. Bolton [PDF]

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Muhammad Masry D411 13 004 1. Convert the following binary numbers to denary numbers: (a) 000011, (b) 111111, (c) 001101. Answer a. 000011 = 21 + 20 = 2 + 1 = 3 b. 111111 = 25 + 24 + 23 + 22 + 21 + 20 = 32 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 63 c. 001101 = 23 + 22 + 20 = 8 + 4 + 1 = 13 2. Convert the following denary numbers to binary numbers: (a) 100, (b) 146, (c) 255. Answer a. 100 = 64 + 32 + 4 = 1100100 b. 146 = 128 + 16 + 2 = 10010010 c. 255 = 128 + 64 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 11111111 3. Convert the following hexadecimal numbers to denary numbers: (a) 9F, (b) D53, (c) 67C. Answer a. 9F = 1001 1111 = 128 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 159 b. D53 = 1101 0101 0011 = 2048 + 1024 + 256 + 64 + 16 + 2 + 1 = 3411 c. 67C = 0110 0111 1100 = 1024 + 512 + 64 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 4 = 1660 4. Convert the following denary numbers to hexadecimal numbers: (a) 14, (b) 81, (c) 2562. Answer a. 14 = 8 + 4 + 2 = 1110 = E b. 81 = 64 + 16 + 1 = 0101 0001 = 51 c. 2562 = 2048 + 512 + 2 = 1010 0000 0010 = A02 5. Convert the following hexadecimal numbers to binary numbers: (a) E, (b) 1D, (c) A65. Answer a. E = 1110 b. 1D = 0001 1101 c. A65 = 1010 0110 0101 6. Convert the following octal numbers to denary numbers: (a) 372, (b) 14, (c) 2540. Answer a. 372 = 011 111 010 = 128 + 64 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 2 = 250 b. 14 = 001 100 = 8 + 4 = 12 c. 2540 = 010 101 100 000 = 1024 + 256 + 64 + 32 = 1376 d. 7. Convert the following denary numbers to octal numbers: (a) 20, (b) 265, (c) 400. Answer a. 20 = 16 + 4 = 010 100 = 24 b. 265 = 256 + 8 + 1 = 100 001 001 = 411 c. 400 = 256 + 128 + 16 = 110 010 000 = 620



8. Convert the following octal numbers to binary numbers: (a) 270, (b) 102, (c) 673. Answer a. 270 = 010 111 000 b. 102 = 001 000 010 c. 673 = 110 111 011 9. Convert the following decimal numbers to BCD equivalents: (a) 20, (b) 35, (c) 92. Answer a. 20 = 0010 000 b. 35 = 0011 0101 c. 92 = 1001 0010 10. Convert the following denary numbers to signed two’s complement binary 8-bit format: (a) –1, (b) –35, (c) –125. Answer a. -1 → 1 = 0000 0001 → 1111 1111 b. -35 → 35 = 0010 0011 → 1101 1101 c. -125 → 125 = 0111 1101 → 1000 0011 11. Convert the following signed two’s complement binary 8-bit numbers to their denary equivalents: (a) 1111 0000, (b) 1100 1001, (c) 1101 1000. Answer a. 1111 0000 → 0000 1111 + 1 = 16 → -16 b. 1100 1001 → 0011 0110 + 1 = 55 → -55 c. 1101 1000 → 0010 0111 + 1 = 40 → -40 12. Convert the following binary numbers to normalized floating point numbers: (a) 0011 0010,(b) 0000 1100, (c) 1000.0100. Answer a. 0011 0010 = 0.110010 x 2-2 b. 0000 1100 = 0.1100 x 2-4 c. 1000.0100 = 0.10000100 x 24 d. 13. Explain what is meant by the terms combinational logic systems and sequential logic systems. Answer Combinational logic system System will be operate when all of input combination is right, if one or many of input combination isn’t right system will not be operate. Sequential logic system The present output is influenced by the history of its past inputs as well as by its present input, for example latches and flip-flops



14. For the following truth tables, which combination of inputs will lead to a 1 output? Answer a. AND Input A Input B Output Q 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 b.



Input A 0 1 0 1



Input B 0 0 1 1



Output Q 0 1 1 1



OR



c.



Input A 0 1 0 1



Input B 0 0 1 1



Output Q 1 1 1 0



NAND



15. For a clocked D latch, what inputs will be needed to change the Q output from 0 to 1? Answer CLK logic is 1 and D logic is 1 16. Give the function table for a clocked SR latch when the input to S is also applied to R but via a NOT gate, such a gate converting 0 to 1 and 1 to 0. Answer CLK S R Q Q+ 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 No Change, Held 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 Reset 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 Set 1 1 0 1 1