Rangkuman Hafalan Obat - Jantung [PDF]

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RANGKUMAN HAFALAN OBAT Antihipertensi Antihipotensi Antiplatelet Antikoagulan Gagal Jantung Aritmia Jantung Antihiperlipidemia/ Hipolipidemia/ Antihiperkolesterolemia



Rizal – Clinical Pharmacy



Anti-HIPERtensi • Ingat golongan, ABCD 1. Alfa Bloker a) Selektif α1 : prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin, trimazosin b) Tidak selektif : fenoksibenzamin, fentolamin 2. ACE (Angiotensin Conferting Enzim) inhibitor Captopril, Enalapril, Lisinopril, Ramipril, Quinapril , Trandolapril, Fosinopril , Benazepril 3. Angiotensin Reseptor Bloker (ARB) Candesartan,Eprosartan,Irbesartan, Losartan, Olmesartan, Telmisartan, Valsartan



4. Beta Bloker a) Non-selektif β1/β2 : Propanolol, carvedilol, labetalol, sotalol, nadolol b) Selektif β1: acebutolol, atenolol, bisoprolol, metoprolol, esmolol



5. Calcium Channel Blocker Amlodipine, Felodipine, Isradipine, Nicardipine, Nifedipine, Nimodipine, Nitrendipine, Verapamil, Diltiazem



6. Diuretik a) Diuretik Thiazid: Hydroklortiazid, Indapamid, chlortiazid, chlortalidon, hidroflumetiazid, polytiazid, bendoflumetiazid, methyclotiazid, trichlormetiazid, quinethazon, metolazon b) Diuretik Loop/ Diuretik kuat: Furosemid, Torsemid, Bumetanid, Etacrinic acid c) Diuretik Hemat Kalium: Spironolakton, eplerenon, Amilorid, Triamteren 7. Pembuka Kanal Kalium Minoksidil, kromakalim, levkromakalim 8. Vasodilator Nitrat Isosorbitdinitrat (ISDN), isosorbitmononitrat, hydralazin, Isorbit, Isordil



Anti-HIPOtensi • Obat kondisi gawat darurat • Bekerja SIMPATOMIMETIK



1. Reseptor adrenergik α1  menyebabkan vasokonstriksi • Fenilefrin, • Metoksamin



2. Reseptor adrenergik β1  berupa inotropik positif terhadap jantung • Epinefrin, • Norepinefrin,



• Dobutamin 3. Reseptor Dopamin  menyebabkan Vasokontriksi • (Dopamin)



AntiPLATELET Golongan Obat COX – 1



Obat Aspirin



Ticlopidin



P2Y12 / ADP



Clopidogrel



Prasugrel Ticagrelor Abciximab



GPIIB/IIIa



Tirofiban Eptifibatide



PAR-1 Keterangan: COX1= Cyclooxygenase 1; ADP= adenosine diphosphate; GPIIB/IIIA= Glycoprotein IIB/IIIA; PDE3A= phosphodiesterase 3A; PAR-1= Protease-activated receptor 1;



Vorapaxar Atopaxar



AntiKOAGULAN Golongan Heparin



Cara Pemberian Parenteral Oral 1. Heparin 2. LMWH (low molecular weigh heparins) – heparin berat molekul rendah: Enoxaparin, Tinzaparin, Dalteparin, certoparin, reviparin, bemiparin, ardeparin 3. Heparinoid: Danaparoid



Antagonis Vitamin K/ Kumarin Inhibitor Thrombin Inhibitor Faktor Xa



Hirudin, Lepirudin, Bivalirudin, Desirudin, Argatroban Fondaparinux, Idraparinux



Warfarin, Acenokumarol, Phenindion Dabigatran, Melagatran, Ximelagatran Rivaroxaban, Apixaban, Betrixaban, Edoxaban



Gagal Jantung 1. Diuretics (obat sudah ada pada obat-obat antiHipertensi)



• Thiazide diuretics • Loop diuretics 2. Vasodilator (obat sudah ada pada obat-obat antiHipertensi)



• (ACE) inhibitors • Angiotensin receptor blockers • Nitrodilators/ Vasodilator Nitrat • Phosphodiesterase inhibitors



3. Kardioinhibitor (obat sudah ada pada obat-obat antiHipertensi)



• Beta-blockers • Calcium-channel blockers 4. Kardiostimulator/ Obat inotropik (Obat untuk menstimulasi kontraktilitas Jantung) • Kardiotonik/ Glikosida Jantung: Digoxin, Digitoxin, Ouabin • Beta-agonists: Epinefrin, Norepinefrin, Dobutamin • Phosphodiesterase inhibitors: Milrinone dan Amrinone



AntiAritmia Jantung 1. Kelas I – Memblok Kanal Natrium • Quinidine, (Ib) Lidocaine, (Ic) Flecainide



2. Kelas II – Beta Bloker • Propranolol, Atenolol



3. Class III – Memblok Kanal Kalium • Amiodaron, sotalol,



4. Kelas IV – Calcium Channel Blocker • Verapamil



5. Lain – Lain • Adenosin • Suplemen Elektrolit: Magnesium and Kalium • Digitalis/ Glikosida Jantung: Digoxin, Digitoxin, Ouabin • Atropine



Antihiperlipidemia/ Hipolipidemia/ Antihiperkolesterolemia N0 1



Golongan



Contoh Obat



Lovastatin, Simvastatin, Metastatin, Pravastatin, HMG-CoA Reduktase Inhibitor / Fluvastatin, Atorvastatin, Pitavastatin, Rosuvastatin Statin



2



Derivat Asam Fibrat



3 4 5 6 7



Sekuetran Asam empedu Inhibitor Oxidasi LDL Derivat Pyridin Inhibitor Absorbsi Kolesterol Lain-lain



Clofibrat, Fenofibrat, Gemfibrozil, Ciprofibrat, benzafibrat, Fluvestatin Kolestiramin, kolestipol Probukol Asam nikotinat (Niacin), Nikotinamid Ezetimib Beta sitosterol, Dextrothyroxine