Solvent Miscibility and Polarity Chart [PDF]

Citation preview

Acetone



Acetic Acid



Acetonitrile



Butanol



Benzene



Chloroform



Carbon tetrachloride



Cyclohexane



Dichloromethane



1,2- Dichloroethane



Dimethylsulfoxide



Dimethyl formamide



Ethanol



Dioxane



Ethyl acetate



Ethyl ether



Hexane



Heptane



Methanol



Isopropyl alcohol



Methyl-t-butyl ether



Pentane



Methyl ethyl ketone



Toluene



Tetrahydrafuran



Water



Xylene



Acetic Acid Acetone Acetonitrile Benzene Butanol Carbon tetrachloride Chloroform Cyclohexane 1,2- Dichloroethane Dichloromethane Dimethyl formamide Dimethylsulfoxide Dioxane Ethanol Ethyl acetate Ethyl ether Heptane Hexane Isopropyl alcohol Methanol Methyl-t-butyl ether Methyl ethyl ketone Pentane Tetrahydrafuran Toluene Water Xylene



Miscibile Immiscible



Polarity Index1 Viscosity (cP) 6.2 1.26 5.1 0.32 5.8 0.37 2.7 0.65 4.0 0.73 1.6 0.97 4.1 0.57 0.2 1.00 3.5 0.79 3.1 0.44 6.4 0.92 7.2 2.00 4.8 1.54 5.2 1.20 4.4 0.45 2.8 0.32 0.0 0.39 0.0 0.33 3.9 2.30 5.1 0.60 2.5 0.27 4.7 0.45 0.0 0.23 4.0 0.55 2.4 0.59 9.0 1.00 2.5 0.61



UV (nm) Cutoff2 230 330 190 280 254 263 245 200 225 235 268 268 215 210 260 220 200 200 210 205 210 329 200 215 285 200 290



Solubility in Water (%) 100 100 100 0.18 0.43 0.08 0.815 0.01 0.81 1.6 100 100 100 100 8.7 6.89 0.0003 0.001 100 100 4.8 24 0.0004 100 0.051 100 0.018



1



The polarity index is a measure of the relative polarity of a solvent and is useful for identifying suitable mobile phase solvents. The polarity index increases with polarity. For reverse phase chromatography eluent strength decreases as its polarity increases 2 UV



cutoff, the wavelength at which the solvent absorbance in a 1 cm path length cell is equal to 1 AU (absorbance unit) using water in the reference cell.



Solvent Polarity Chart Relative Polarity



Formula



Group



Non-polar



R-H



Alkanes



Ar-H R-O-R



Aromatics Ethers



R-X



Alkyl halides



R-COOR



Esters Aldehydes and ketones



Solvent Miscibility and Viscosity Chart adapted from Paul Sadek The HPLC Solvent Guide Wiley-Interscience, 2002.



Mobile phases, stationary phase, analyte and samples must be compatible



R-CO-R



Polar



R-NH2



Amines



R-OH



Alcohols



R-COHN2 Amides R-COOH Carboxylic Acid H-O-H Water



Solvents Petroleum ethers, hexanes, ligroin Toluene Diethyl ether Tricholoromethane, chloroform Ethyl acetate Acetone, MEK Pyridine, triethylamine MeOH, EtOH, IPA, Butanol Dimethyformamide Ethanoic Acid