Taking The Toeic 2 Answer Key New1 [PDF]

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Chapter 1 Listening Practice Part 1 Picture Description Theme Notes (page 16) A. House and Home B. Workplace C. Restaurant and Stores D. Other Public Places



Tips  Know the directions for Part 1.  Look at the first few pictures while the directions are playing. Ask yourself, “Who?” “Where?” “What?”  Focus on the main action in the photo.  Eliminate the answer choices that are obviously incorrect.  Evaluate the answer choices and mark the answer if you know it. If you fail to select your answer, make a guess and move on to the next picture.



Mini-test A. House and Home (page 18) 1. (A) The TV is located on the wall. 2. (C) The people are sitting on the patio. 3. (C) There is a bed with sheets and pillowcases. 4. (D) A car is parked in front of the garage. 5. (A) The buildings overlook the pool. 6. (A) The woman is cooking in her kitchen. 7. (B) There is a shower and a sink in the bathroom. 8. (D) The chair is currently unoccupied. 9. (A) Laundry is being put into the washing machine. 10. (B) People are attending a yard sale. 11. (B) The boy is running down some steps. 12. (D) The boy is standing in front of the sink. 13. (C) The boy is holding the TV remote control. 14. (C) The family is sitting down for a meal. 15. (B) The sheet is being put on the bed. B. Workplace (page 23) 1. (B) The man is wearing a protective helmet. 2. (A) A man and woman are reading building plans. 3. (B) The people are typing on keyboards. 4. (B) The man is using a pen to record information. 5. (C) The people are working on a project.



6. (D) Two women are eating lunch at their desk. 7. (A) The people are greeting each other. 8. (B) The man is writing something down. 9. (D) The woman is working at her desk. 10. (C) The doctor is checking a patient’s x-ray. 11. (B) There is a firefighter on top of the fire truck. 12. (B) The man is operating some electronic machinery. 13. (C) The people are at a seminar. 14. (A) The man is standing on the porch. 15. (C) The sales clerk is ringing up the customer’s purchase. C. Restaurants and Stores (page 28) 1. (B) A car is at a drive-through window. 2. (C) The woman is helping herself to some food. 3. (B) The woman is examining some fruit. 4. (C) The couple is eating a meal together in a restaurant. 5. (D) The people are having drinks at a bar. 6. (B) The women are looking at each other. 7. (C) The woman is holding a plant. 8. (C) The wine is being poured for the people. 9. (A) The woman is selecting something from the case. 10. (C) Some brushes are on display. 11. (B) The woman is resting her chin in her hand. 12. (B) The tables have been cleaned. 13. (C) Loaves of bread are lined up on the back shelves. 14. (C) The boy is holding a boxed game. 15. (D) The girl is looking at a shelf full of candy jars. D. Other Public Places (page 33) 1. (B) The people are wearing swimming goggles. 2. (C) The race is taking place on a road. 3. (A) People are attending an exhibit. 4. (B) The people are playing on the swings. 5. (D) The escalator is going upwards. 6. (A) The people are sitting in a park. 7. (C) The boat is docked next to the pier. 8. (B) Few people are riding in the subway car. 9. (C) The family is skating together on a park path. 10. (C) The people are drinking from bottles. 11. (B) The woman is handing the man a key. 12. (C) There are many empty seats in the hall. 13. (C) The man is studying alone in the library. 14. (A) The taxi has passed by the woman. 15. (B) A small picnic has been prepared.



Part 2 Questions and Responses (additional examples)



Theme Notes (page 38) A. Interrogative 1.Who Who is the person in charge of inventory? __ You should check the inventory. __ The person you need is Mark Kendall. 2. What What’s the agenda for the meeting tomorrow? __ We’ll discuss consumer-related issues. __ Yes, there will be a meeting tomorrow. 3. Which Which flight schedule is better? __ If I were you, I’d take a red-eye flight. __ I don’t think that is better. 4. When When will the order be placed? __ The place is around the corner. __ We’ll call the supplier this afternoon. 5. Where Where can I find the cereals? __ It’s on aisle 16 next to the dairy products. __ This cereal is really good. 6. Why Why did Joe leave the company? __ He lives nearby. __ He got a better job offer in New York. 7. How How do I cancel my reservation? __ You should call your travel agent. __ No, I did not cancel. B. Yes/No 1. Be Is the vending machine working properly? __ We already had it fixed. __ There are two vending machines here.



2. Will Will Mr. Yamamoto attend the meeting? __ I don’t think so. __ Mr. Yamamoto is the CEO. 3. Do Do you have the latest file on the annual sales report? __ I think Shiela has it. __ Yes, I think that will work. 4. Have Have you printed the documents yet? __ I left them on your desk this morning. __ Yes, we have a new printer. C. Tag This is the way to the park, isn’t it? __ Park your car over there. __ It’s straight ahead. He’s the new department head, isn’t he? __ Yes, he just started yesterday. __ The department has a new protocol. D. Indirect Could you possibly tell me how to contact Mr. Simpson? __ Sure, let me get his direct line for you. __ He is the contact person. Does anyone know where I can find the manager’s office? __ It’s the room on the left, down the hall. __ Mrs. Robinson is the new manager.



Tips  Know the directions for Part 2.  Know the question types, so you know what type of answer is required.  Pay attention to: similar sounding words, tag questions, and indirect answers (i.e. sometimes a yes/no answer does not have “yes” or “no”). Note: Sometimes you will not hear a question but a statement.  Focus on the purpose of the question.  Eliminate choices that obviously don’t fit the situation.



Mini-test A. Interrogative (page 40) 1. (A) In the meeting room, I think. 2. (C) In half an hour. 3. (A) She’s late for work. 4. (A) It’s not certain yet. 5. (B) That’s an excellent idea. 6. (A) A business suit would be appropriate. 7. (C) They’ve got a sales meeting. 8. (B) I’ll check the guest list. 9. (C) I’ll keep trying until I find one. 10. (A) To a budget meeting. 11. (A) They used to work together. 12. (B) Sorry, I have other plans. 13. (B) The marketing manager. 14. (C) The battery needs to be charged. 15. (B) Let me find out the price. B. Yes/No (page 40) 1. (C) At 9:00 a.m. sharp. 2. (A) I doubt I can find the time. 3. (B) Yes, I’m sorry it arrived so late. 4. (C) Actually, I’d prefer the aisle. 5. (B) They’re in the conference room. 6. (A) Thank you for reminding me. 7. (C) That’s what it says in the program. 8. (B) No, we’re buying new ones. 9. (A) I believe they’re on the website. 10. (B) Yes, quite a lot recently. 11. (B) I need another 30 minutes to finish it. 12. (A) Yes, it’s going to be a formal event. 13. (A) I’m afraid I’m in a hurry. 14. (C) No, I haven’t prepared it. 15. (C) We are, but just barely. C. Tag (page 41) 1. (B) I don’t like it, to be honest. 2. (C) I thought it was very useful. 3. (B) I’m doing that now. 4. (A) Guide dogs are permitted by law. 5. (C) Who told you that? 6. (B) Yes, everything’s included. 7. (A) As far as I know. 8. (C) Of course, they were there. 9. (B) Yes, today is the deadline. 10. (B) I guess it can’t be helped. 11. (C) Check yesterday’s newspaper. 12. (A) Your invitation is on the desk. 13. (B) It would be my pleasure. 14. (C) No, it starts in a few minutes. 15. (C) Only if we have the time for it.



D. Indirect (page 41) 1. (A) I have no idea why she would. 2. (B) That’s a great idea. 3. (B) Check over there in the conference room. 4. (A) I agree with you. 5. (C) I saw her a moment ago. 6. (B) Why don’t you ask his assistant? 7. (A) That would be a good idea. 8. (C) Let me find that out for you. 9. (C) I’ll ask John if he knows. 10. (B) That shouldn’t be a problem. 11. (C) Sorry, I can’t help you. 12. (A) I don’t see why not. 13. (A) It’ll have to be before noon. 14. (C) That could be a good career move for you. 15. (B) That’s the plan.



Part 3 Short Conversations Theme Notes (page 42) A. Office Talk B. Personnel Changes C. Daily Life D. Travel Information



Tips  Look at the question before the dialog begins. If you have time, look at the answers as well.  While listening to the dialog, try to imagine where the speakers are.  Don’t answer too quickly. Read all the answers before making your choice.  Watch out for answers that are true but are not related to the question.  Watch out for distracting numbers which include dates, times, and numbers of things or people.



Mini-test A. Office Talk (page 44) 1. (B) At an office 2. (A) His report could be late. 3. (D) He uses the Internet often for work. 4. (B) She cannot get into the storage room.



5. (C) The administration department 6. (C) Right away 7. (B) This week 8. (A) Her schedule is too busy. 9. (D) It is unfortunate but not terrible. 10. (B) In an office reception area 11. (C) She is going to have an interview with him. 12. (D) Sign the visitors’ book 13. (B) Correcting a billing error 14. (D) He will make a phone call. 15. (A) Issue a revised statement 16. (C) An office cleaning company 17. (B) He has a problem with the trash pick-up. 18. (C) Compare cleaning rates



B. Personnel Changes (page 47) 1. (B) Their process to hire a new employee 2. (A) Exactly 50 3. (A) An engineering firm 4. (C) Company promotions 5. (D) He has been fired from his job. 6. (C) In a few days 7. (D) A sales representative 8. (D) At 3:00 p.m. on Tuesday 9. (A) Set up a projector 10. (A) Publishing 11. (D) She will work at a rival company. 12. (D) She will not give away secrets. 13. (C) Familiarity with database programs 14. (B) He must demonstrate his ability. 15. (A) He is happy to comply. 16. (B) A job opportunity 17. (D) The application process is stressful. 18. (C) It provides full health insurance. C. Daily Life (page 50) 1. (B) The receptionist 2. (D) At 11:00 a.m. the next morning 3. (C) Treating his patients 4. (B) A store sales clerk 5. (B) Discuss prices and an order 6. (C) Look at more cabinet samples 7. (B) Her friend 8. (D) The cost of attending the film 9. (D) The movie is a fundraising event. 10. (B) Before work 11. (C) To have her computer repaired 12. (A) Go on the weekend 13. (C) An electric bill 14. (B) Whether the man’s meter was wrong 15. (A) Ask the company to check his meter 16. (D) A concert



17. (A) He often has to work overtime. 18. (B) Go to the next concert D. Travel Information (page 53) 1. (A) A hotel clerk 2. (B) For a last-minute cancellation 3. (C) $120 4. (C) Booking a business class seat 5. (A) The business class section is full. 6. (B) He is not in a great hurry to get back. 7. (B) $20 8. (C) A colleague 9. (A) It is for business. 10. (D) San Francisco 11. (C) Just for a few days 12. (B) To visit one of her relatives 13. (C) A prize the man won 14. (C) He did a lot of overtime last month. 15. (A) Call the travel agency for dates 16. (D) A travel agent 17. (B) His anniversary 18. (B) Look at the tours online



Part 4 Short Talks Theme Notes (page 56) A. Office Announcements B. Voice Messages C. Events D. News and Information



Mini-test A. Office Announcements (page 58) 1. (A) Assembly line workers 2. (B) To announce enhanced safety regulations 3. (B) Employees work on weekends. 4. (B) Any employee who completed the introductory class 5. (D) A local college 6. (B) Completion of an office systems certificate 7. (C) 4th floor 8. (C) To discuss additional topics 9. (B) The company picnic 10. (A) Details of an upcoming construction project 11. (D) A personnel manager 12. (A) Weather conditions 13. (D) In a staff meeting 14. (C) Window blinds



15. (C) One weekend 16. (A) An issue with the venue 17. (B) Next Friday 18. (B) In the office building B. Voice Messages (page 61) 1. (D) Patients 2. (A) Around the clock 3. (A) They are patients of Dr. Fitzroy. 4. (B) They may speak French. 5. (B) Pick up their purchases 15 minutes before the movie 6. (C) They can never be returned for any refunds. 7. (D) 8 a.m. on Monday 8. (C) They are not presently at work. 9. (A) To the Internet 10. (D) To explain a change in plans 11. (C) Company sales 12. (B) At her hotel 13. (D) To confirm a prior booking 14. (C) A resort receptionist 15. (A) The number of attendees 16. (C) The post office 17. (B) One 18. (B) The sender C. Events (page 64) 1. (A) A product launch 2. (C) A computer security workshop 3. (B) A computer analyst 4. (D) The company president 5. (B) Company sales increased by 200%. 6. (B) 20 years 7. (B) Museum visitors 8. (C) Residents and companies 9. (D) For giving valuable artifacts 10. (B) Author 11. (A) How to write creatively 12. (B) By showing confidence 13. (D) To announce the opening of a new city facility 14. (C) The facility’s director 15. (D) Visitors will take a tour of the center. 16. (B) Employees 17. (D) At a local park 18. (C) A special tour package D. News and Information (page 67) 1. (C) A radio announcer 2. (D) Due to a community event 3. (A) A weather forecast 4. (C) At a pharmacy 5. (B) Household appliances 6. (D) By asking at the customer service desk 7. (B) There is no chance.



8. (B) 24 degrees 9. (A) Spend time outside 10. (B) A construction project 11. (C) A city employee 12. (A) A traffic report 13. (B) At the boarding gate 14. (C) An equipment problem 15. (A) Wait for further instructions 16. (B) On the radio 17. (D) Falling leaves 18. (A) The weather



1 Grammar Practice – Parts of Speech Suggested activity: Instruction: Fill in the boxes with the correct word form. The grey box means that the word does not have this form. There may be 2 or more possible answers for each box.



Noun application applicant applicability



Verb



apply



honesty ease transportation transporter



Adjective



Adverb



applicable honest



ease



easy; easeful



transport



transportable



honestly easily; easefully



After completing the box above, fill in the blanks below with the correct word to complete the sentences. 1. I thought I was going to have a hard time but I managed to process the request easily. 2. You should ____ sunscreen on your skin before going out to avoid sunburn. [apply] 3. There are different modes of ____ in the city. [transportation] 4. The man is a highly trained dancer, so he does the difficult movements with ____. [ease] 5. Jack is one of the ____ people I know because he has never lied to me. [honest]



1 Parts of Speech Part 5 Incomplete Sentences (page 74) 1. (B) services — (A) and (C) are forms of the verb to serve while (D) is a form of the verb to service. The correct answer is the plural noun services, meaning “systems usually provided by the government.” 2. (A) implemented — The correct answer is the



past participle of the verb implement, meaning “to make an idea or plan start to work.” It functions as an adjective describing the parking charges. 3. (C) but — The four choices are conjunctions, which link clauses in a sentence. But is the correct answer because the two clauses are contrasting. 4. (A) mutual — The correct choice is the adjective mutual, meaning “belonging to or true of two or more people.” Although choice (C) is an adjective, it is not the correct choice. The clue in this sentence is that factory workers usually work together. 5. (B) interrupted — In this case, the past participle is needed to complete the passive form was interrupted. The agent of this action is a ringing telephone.



3. (B) information — An uncountable noun is needed after a lot of. In the context, the correct choice is information because we can cover information, but we cannot cover discussion. 4. (A) order — A noun is needed after the possessive pronoun your. 5. (C) scheduled — The participle form of the verb schedule is used here as an adjective. 6. (D) within — While all the choices are prepositions, within is the only choice which fits with the time expression 24 hours.



2 Grammar Practice – Tenses Verb Tense Form Markers & Function:



6. (C) them — The correct choice is the objective pronoun, used here instead of an unspecified noun. 7. (B) exorbitant — The correct choice is the adjective exorbitant, meaning “more than is reasonable,” which here describes the amount of money which has been spent. 8. (D) cordial — The correct choice is the adjective cordial, meaning “friendly,” describing the word greeting. It is the only word form that will fit in this context. 9. (C) worthy — The only choice that fits within the context of the sentence is worthy, meaning “deserving something” — the application deserves attention. 10. (B) unlikely — The correct choice is the adjective unlikely, meaning “not likely to happen.” It is describing the probability of the arrival of the delivery. 11. (A) latest — The correct answer is the adjective latest, meaning “most recent,” which modifies report. The comparative form later, meaning “at a time in the future,” the adverb lately, meaning “these days,” and the plain form of the adjective late, meaning “after the expected time” are not appropriate in this context. 12. (D) competent — In the context of this sentence, competent, meaning “capable of doing something in an able manner” is the best answer. 13. (C) error — While all of the answer choices can be used as nouns, here error, meaning “mistake” is the correct choice. It is used in the multi-word expression to point out a/the error. 14. (D) separate — The correct choice is the adjective separate. It describes the type of container: a container designated for ink cartridges only. 15. (B) struggle — The correct answer is the simple present 1st person plural form of the verb struggle, meaning “to try with difficulty to do something.” Part 6 Text Completion (page 76) 1. (D) aware — The correct choice is the adjective aware, meaning “having knowledge of.” The context talks of a change to a schedule, so it can be assumed that the readers knew of the original schedule. 2. (A) therefore — This is an adverb showing a logical consequence between the two clauses of the sentence.



Verb Tense



Simple Present



Simple Past



Present Progressi ve Past Progressi ve



Form



+ s/es (singular; regular)



+ d/ed (regular)



am/is/ar e + -ing



was/wer e + -ing



Function Expresses repeated or usual action, e.g. habit, daily event, etc. Expresses completed action at a specific time in the past; or a series of past actions Denotes that something is happening at the moment of speaking Denotes that something was in progress at some point in the past



have + d/-ed (time markers include since or for)



Present Perfect/



Denotes how long an event, state, or action has endured up to the present



Example She completes orders on Monday.



She worked part time when she was younger. I am completing orders today. I was watching TV at 9 p.m. last night. We have had problems with the production line since Tuesday. We have had problems with the production line for a few days.



Past Perfect



Simple Future



Future Progressi ve



Future Perfect



had + d/-ed (time markers include since or for) will + verb (base form) will + be + -ing + in x days’ time (weeks’/ months’/ years’)



Denotes how long an event, state, or action had endured until another past action occurred Denotes action that is expected to happen in the future



a. will have + d/-ed + by + date



Denotes an ongoing action that is expected to happen in the future a. Denotes action that is expected to have completed by a certain date



b. will have + d/-ed + time clause



b. Denotes action that will have occurred by the time a specific action in the future occurs.



Evans Enterprises had been based in the same building since 1890 until it filed for bankruptcy. I will call you tomorrow morning. I will be working as an accountant in two years’ time.



a. They will have achieved their goal by July 1st. b. Jason will have started his job before I go on vacation.



Activity: Fill out the chart with the proper form of the verb “work”. The first one is done for you:



She She She



She She



She



(simple past) worked ( simple present) _______ (present progressive) _________ (past progressive) _______ (present perfect) _______ (past perfect) _______



part-time when she was younger. part-time. until 6 p.m. tonight.



at her desk when the lights went out. as an assistant to the manager for two years. as a clerk since 2011 before she became the manager.



She She



(simple future) _______ (future perfect) _______



as a clerk starting next week. here for two years by next October.



Part 5 Incomplete Sentences (page 80) 1. (B) will intensify — The correct choice is the simple future form will intensify, meaning “to make stronger or more intense.” The sentence expresses a situation happening in the very near future. 2. (A) attractions — Among the nouns given in the choices, only attractions, meaning “things which make a person want to do, have, or see them” is appropriate. It forms a compound noun with tourist: tourist attractions. 3. (C) three years — The preposition for, used to express how long something lasts is followed by a period of time. 4. (D) hold — The 1st person plural form of the simple present tense is needed after we, when talking about a habitual activity. st 5. (A) will have — Here we have the structure If + 1 conditional + will to express possibility in the future. If the condition of Mr. Evans getting a promotion becomes a reality (possible), the speaker will resign from his job. 6. (D) candidates — The correct answer needs to be a noun. The hints to look for in choosing the answer are personnel, interviewing, and shortlisted which are all words related to job interviews. Therefore candidates is the correct choice. 7. (A) blueprints — The correct answer needs to be a noun. The hints to look for in choosing the answer are draft, project, and museum. These can be related to design and architecture, therefore blueprints is the correct choice. 8. (A) have been decided — Here the future perfect form + date/time expression is used to express what you will have completed up to that point in time. 9. (C) finishes — The present tense is used after as soon as to refer to the future in a subordinate clause. 10. (B) convened — The correct choice is the simple past for a completed action in the past. 11. (D) handbook — In this context, it is most likely that the item being approved by the human resources chief will be some kind of reading material or company literature. This makes handbook, meaning “a book containing instructions or advice,” the correct choice. 12. (A) have had — The correct choice is the present perfect have had. The situation (problems) has occurred at an unspecified time in the past but is connected with the present (the problems are the reason for the decision). 13. (C) as soon as — Here we need an expression, meaning “immediately or soon after.” 14. (B) regret — We need a verb which expresses a feeling of being sorry. We regret to inform you is a fixed expression with this meaning.



15. (C) are producing — The sentence describes a situation which is happening now, therefore we need to use the present progressive form are producing. The verb refers to manufacturers, making a plural verb necessary.



4. She (should been told/should have been told) about the problem. [should have been told] 5. The bank (is broken into*/was broken into) last night. [was broken into]



Part 6 Text Completion (page 82) 1. (B) will be introducing — The correct choice is the future progressive (with date or X weeks’/days’ time etc.), used to communicate what will be in progress at a certain time in the future. 2. (A) Effective — Here we need the adjective effective, meaning that something has already officially begun. 3. (C) will be lifted — The future form will + infinitive is used here to give information about the future. 4. (B) are not following — Here the present progressive is used to describe a situation in progress now. 5. (D) environment — This completes the compound noun office environment, meaning “the conditions in an office.” 6. (C) recognizes — In this sentence, we need to use the verb recognize in the 3rd person singular form of the simple present.



*break into – to enter a place forcibly



3 Grammar Practice – Voice Voice refers to the relationship between the verb and the participants in the sentence. Two types: ACTIVE PASSIVE Observe the following sentences: Active Passive Someone stole the key. The key was stolen by someone. Someone in the above example for passive voice is called the agent. There is not always an agent in passive sentences: The key was stolen by someone. (Someone as the agent) The key was stolen. (no agent) Most of the time, the active voice is used. The passive voice is used when it’s more important to draw attention to the object or the person or thing acted upon. It is also used when the actor in the situation is not important. Activity: Choose the correct passive form: 1. My report (was submitted/must be submitted) by tomorrow. [must be submitted] 2. I was given the books./The books were me given. [I was given the books.] 3. The first mobile phone (was invented/had invented) in 1973. [was invented]



Part 5 Incomplete Sentences (page 86) 1. (B) can make — The correct choice completes the phrasal verb to make out, meaning “to manage to see or understand.” In this if-clause of a first conditional sentence, the verb needs to be used in the 3rd person singular form of the simple present. 2. (C) arrived — The correct choice is the simple past tense of the verb arrive to express an action completed in the past. 3. (A) is said — The correct choice is the passive form of the verb say. Here the sentence is using the impersonal passive construction: It is+ past participle. 4. (D) threatening — Used as an adjective, the present participle describes the thing that causes a feeling. In this case, a threatening letter means “a letter that threatens.” It is not possible to use the past participle here because it would describe the feeling felt by the account holder, NOT the feeling caused by the letter. Enforcing, meaning “making a situation happen” tends not to be used as an adjective and does not fit in this context. 5. (B) cost — The correct choice is the past simple form of the verb cost. This verb cannot be used in the passive. 6. (C) postponed — The correct choice is the past participle postponed, meaning “delayed.” It is used here as an adjective. 7. (D) are said to be — Verbs of perception are often followed by a to-infinitive in the passive. 8. (A) are being repaired — The sentence tells us the repairs will start next month and that they will be carried out by a local construction company. For these reasons, the present progressive passive is needed: be-verb + being + p.p. The present progressive (passive and active) is often used to talk about planned activities in the near future. 9. (B) have been planned — In this sentence, the present perfect passive is needed: have been + p.p. Therefore, the correct choice is have been planned because television advertisements takes the 3rd person plural form have. 10. (D) given to — In this sentence, the simple past passive is needed: was + p.p. This reduces the possible answers to (C) and (D). However, (C) is not the correct answer because by would refer to the agent. In this case, assembly line workers are NOT the agent of the action. 11. (B) unscheduled — The correct answer is the adjective unscheduled, meaning “unplanned.”



12. (B) has been noted — This sentence requires the use of the impersonal passive. Verbs of perception are used in the passive with the impersonal pronoun it. 13. (D) will be drawn — This sentence expresses the possibility of a passive action happening by a certain point in time (year-end). It is formed with the modal verb will + auxiliary be + p.p. to make the passive. 14. (C) proposed — The correct choice is proposed, meaning “intended.” 15. (A) happens — The correct choice is the 3rd person singular form of happen. It describes a current state. Part 6 Text Completion (page 88) 1. (B) brought — The correct choice is brought, completing the expression brought to one’s attention. 2. (D) is respected — Here the 3rd person singular of the auxiliary verb be is needed to form the simple present passive. 3. (B) by — The preposition by is needed to indicate the agent of be written. 4. (C) is known — The correct answer is is known. This completes the impersonal passive form It is known. This form of the passive is used with verbs of perception when it is not specified who knows the information. 5. (A) overseas — In the contest, overseas describes jobs which are currently performed in other countries but will come back to the local job market. 6. (C) domestic — The correct choice is the adjective domestic, meaning “relating to the country being talked about.” The other adjectives given do not fit into the context of a company bringing jobs back to the local economy.



4 Grammar Practice – Agreement A. The number of a subject is not affected by the phrase/clause that separates the subject from its verb. Example: This information, along with the sales figures, goes to accounting. B. With a fraction or percentage, the noun in the following of-phrase determines whether the verb is singular or plural. Example: One-fifth of the space has been rented. Three-quarters of them are repeat customers. C. In correlative conjunctions either – or and neither – nor, the subject closest to the verb determines the verb form. However, both A and B always requires plural verbs. Neither they nor he goes to the cafeteria. Both Jim and Doris are on the bus. D. The subjunctive is used to emphasize importance or urgency. The following verbs are used in the subjunctive:



It is best (that) It is essential (that) It is important (that) It is recommended (that)



ask (that) command (that) demand (that) request (that)



The subjunctive is formed using the infinitive without to. Example: It is important that he make more effort to get along with his colleagues. The manager insisted that proposals for the new project be posted on the office bulletin board.



Part 5 Incomplete Sentences (page 92) 1. (B) qualify — The correct answer is qualify, meaning “to be eligible for.” 2. (D) go — The subject of this sentence is Ricardos, meaning “the Ricardo family.” A family name is pluralized by adding an s. We use this pluralized name as a 3rd person plural noun, so the verb form used must correspond. 3. (B) preservation — In this sentence, the phrasal verb fix up and the noun antiques are clues to the correct answer. It is common to talk about preserving antiques at a museum, so preservation is the only logical choice. 4. (C) be issued — Because the subjunctive is used after the verb suggest, this sentence takes the subjunctive form, be issued. It is used to emphasize importance. 5. (D) itinerary — Here the correct choice is itinerary, meaning “a plan of a trip.” 6. (A) is — The missing verb needs to agree with Monday at 10 a.m., so the 3rd person singular of the present simple is is the correct choice. 7. (B) need — In paired conjunctions that link similar words, phrases, and clauses, the subject closest to the verb determines the verb form, in this case need. 8. (A) be — This sentence requires a subjunctive due to the use of the verb request. Therefore, be is the correct choice. 9. (D) agree — In paired conjunctions linked by both . . . and . . ., the verb is always plural, making agree the correct choice. 10. (C) were — When the subject is a fraction or percentage, the noun in the following of-phrase determines whether the verb is singular or plural. In this case, computers determines the use of the plural verb form were. 11. (A) reach — This sentence takes the simple future will + infinitive to make a prediction about the future. The correct choice is reach because it is more common to talk about sales reaching a certain number than it is to use the other verb choices given. 12. (B) is scheduled — The verb agrees with launch, so a 3rd person singular form is needed. The passive



voice is used because we do not know the agent of the action. 13. (D) has been leased — The passive is used because the agent is unknown. In addition, the fraction one half is followed by the singular noun space, so the verb needs to take a singular form. 14. (C) consults — The subject of the sentence is supervisor, so the verb must be in the 3rd person singular. In the context, consults is the only possibility. 15. (A) has been — In the paired conjunction not only . . ., but also . . ., the subject closest to the verb determines the verb form. Here planner controls the verb form



Part 6 Text Completion (page 94) 1. (B) expires — Subscription is a singular noun so needs to be followed by a 3rd personal singular verb form. We can say that a subscription expires, meaning “to come to an end or cease to exist” but the other choices are unsuitable. 2. (C) is — The 3rd person singular form of the be verb is used with an expression of price or money. 3. (D) are processed — The correct choice are processed agrees with the subject changes. The agent of the action is unknown, therefore the passive is required. 4. (B) am — The verb refers to Cheryl Smith who is talking about herself and describes her present situation, therefore the 1st person singular simple present form of the be-verb is used. 5. (B) provide — The bare infinitive provide is the correct choice because the verb request requires a subjunctive. 6. (D) termination — The correct choice is the noun termination, meaning “the end of a job or agreement.” Because the passage refers to the elimination of his position, we are alerted to the fact Mr. Stewart lost his job. In this context, the other choices are not appropriate.



5 Grammar Practice – Infinitives and Gerunds To infinitives function as subject or object of a sentence. Examples of infinitives are to play, to eat, to happen, to expect, to promise, etc. Observe the following example:



Subject To sing in Broadway She



Verb is



Object/Complement her biggest dream.



would love



to sing at your wedding.



Gerunds are verbals that function as nouns. Examples are singing, dancing, eating, arriving, etc. Observe the following example:



Subject Singing I



Verb is love



Object/Complement a great stress reliever. singing.



Infinitives sometimes come without the word to. This is true when the infinite follows a verb of perception or a causative verb.



Verbs of Perception hear see feel smell taste



Causative Verbs let make have get take



Observe the following sentences:



Subject



Verb



My boss



let (causative)



I



heard (verb of perception)



Indirect Object me



someone



Direct Object take a month of paid leave. unlock the door.



Activity: Select the appropriate verb that fits each sentence: bathe wait sing come take 1. I heard her _______ a lovely song. [sing] 2. Mom let me _______ Economics as my major. [take] 3. I had a pet groomer _______ my pet dog. [bathe] 4. She made me ________ for her for two hours. [wait] 5. He made me _______ to the party. [come]



Part 5 Incomplete Sentences (page 98) 1. (C) used — Used to + infinitive describes a situation that no longer exists. Miguel is no long conscientious. 2. (D) reluctant — An adjective is needed in this sentence and since the two clauses need to show contrasting ideas, reluctant is the correct choice. 3. (C) moving — The verb consider is followed by the gerund, therefore, the correct answer is moving. 4. (A) to inform — The to-infinitive is used after adjectives which describe feelings. Therefore, the correct choice after pleased is to inform. 5. (B) efforts — The expression used is thank someone for their efforts, therefore the correct choice is efforts. 6. (C) talk — The correct choice is the base infinitive talk. With verbs of perception, infinitives are used without to. 7. (D) to reprint — The verb permit needs to be followed by an infinitive with to.



8. (C) internal — In this sentence, internal mail means letters and documents which are not delivered via an external, paid mail delivery system. 9. (B) to ignore — The verb afford needs to be followed by a to-infinitive. 10. (D) to reply — The verb forget is followed by a toinfinitive, making to reply the correct choice. In this sentence, I seldom forget to reply has the meaning “It is unusual that I do not reply.” 11. (B) hearing — The expression look forward to is always followed by a noun or gerund. 12. (B) informed — In this context, the correct choice is informed, completing the expression to keep someone informed. 13. (A) to ensure — The verb remind is followed by a to-infinitive. 14. (B) made — All of the other verb choices (got, forced, and told) need to be followed by a to-infinitive. Made is the only choice that fits in this context. 15. (A) opposed — The correct choice is the past participle opposed. It completes the expression be opposed to -ing, meaning “against or in disagreement with.” Part 6 Text Completion (page 100) 1. (B) to postpone — The expression take a decision is usually followed by a to-infinitive, making to postpone the correct choice. 2. (B) hold — The verb phrase agree to needs to be followed by an infinitive. The only correct verb choice with meeting is hold. 3. (B) to see — After the verb expect, a to-infinitive is needed, making to see the correct choice. 4. (C) tracking — This completes the compound noun tracking number, meaning “an identifying number or code used to follow the progress of a package or letter.” 5. (A) representatives — The only possible choice is representatives, forming the compound noun customer service representatives. 6. (D) using — The expression thank someone for is followed by a noun or gerund. Since the email is written to thank a customer for their patronage of a company, using is the only logical choice.



6 Grammar Practice – Participles and Participle Clause Useful Notes: Participles: -ing/-ed Participles often function as adjectives that describe nouns. Example: The mangled pair of sunglasses, bruised face, broken arm, and bleeding knees meant Greg had taken another spill on her mountain bike. A. Present Participle (-ing) Used if the meaning is active and progressive:



i. when two things occur at the same time (e.g. She suddenly ran from the room crying.) ii. when one action occurs during another action (e.g. He hurt himself climbing the stairs.) iii. when an –ing clause can be an explanation of its main clause. (e.g. Feeling hungry, he ate lunch.) B. Past Participle (-ed) Used for past or completed action (e.g. John arrived first, followed by the new corporate director.) Used as adjectives or adverbs to express the passive (e.g. The house was damaged by the recent earthquake.) C. Perfect Participle (having + past participle) Using the perfect participle emphasizes that the first action was completed before the second action started. Example: Having failed twice, he doesn’t want try again. Having been promoted by his company recently, he is quite proud.



Part 5 Incomplete Sentences (page 104) 1. (B) working — In this sentence, working refers to people who are working. This is a present participle used in a participle clause to describe people where the meaning is active and progressive. It has an adjectival function. 2. (D) Driving — The correct choice driving is a participle clause which explains the main clause. If they had not driven quickly, they would not have arrived at the hotel so soon. 3. (D) investments — In the context of the stock market, the correct expression is to make investments. 4. (C) Depending — The present participle, depending, is necessary because in this sentence, it is an explanation of the main clause. 5. (D) exhausted — The keywords that provide hints are fell into bed which suggests extreme tiredness. 6. (B) tour — In this context, the only choice that is appropriate to use with the preposition of is tour. 7. (C) taking — With two actions occurring at the same time with an active and progressive meaning, the -ing form is the correct choice. 8. (C) arrival — The keywords that inform the correct choice are late and taxi driver which are suggestive of going somewhere and subsequently arriving. 9. (A) demolished — The correct choice is the past participle demolished used as an adjective because plant is not the agent of demolished. 10. (D) earning — This is a participle clause with a transitive verb, requiring the use of the –ing form. 11. (B) experienced — The only choice that will fit in this context is experienced.



12. (D) Waiting — The present participle is needed because the original verb is intransitive. 13. (A) Withdrawn — The participle Having been has been omitted in this participle clause. The full clause would be Having been withdrawn. 14. (C) Working — The present participle is needed because the original verb is intransitive. 15. (B) looming — The correct choice is the adjective looming, meaning “hanging over in a threatening way.”



Part 6 Text Completion (page 106) 1. (B) is shared — The present passive form is used as an adjective to express a passive. 2. (C) Stored — In the context of keeping personal information safe, stored is the best fit. 3. (D) retain — In the context, retain, meaning “keep” is the appropriate choice. 4. (A) required — The correct choice is required, meaning “necessary.” 5. (B) accurate — The relevant keywords are check and keeping accounts. 6. (D) forgetting— The correct choice is the present participle forgetting which completes the participle clause, Staff members forgetting to use the time clock. It has the meaning of “Staff members who forget to use the time clock.”



7 Grammar Practice – Relative Clauses Useful Notes: Who vs. Whom 



Grammar rules say that “who” is used as the subject of a sentence or a clause while “whom” is used as the object of a verb or preposition.



Study the following sentences: a. The woman who sent the letter is in Texas. (who is the subject of the verb sent in the relative clause who sent the letter) b. The woman from whom I received the letter is in Texas. (whom is the object of the preposition from in the relative clause from whom I received the letter) 



However, the use of “who” as an object is widespread and acceptable in modern English. It is also possible to encounter questions and sentences in this format. It is common to encounter this especially in spoken English. e.g. The man who I went to the movies with is my brother.



Part 5 Incomplete Sentences (page 110) 1. (D) whom — The correct choice is the relative object pronoun whom, used when the antecedent is a person.



2. (A) unique — The keywords that inform our choice are at odds with and conservative. 3. (B) whom — The correct choice is the relative object pronoun whom, used when the antecedent is a person. 4. (C) special — In this context, the appropriate choice is special as this is the only adjective that fits logically here. 5. (D) one that — The correct choice is the relative object pronoun that because the antecedent is an object. What cannot be used here because it cannot be used as an object to refer to a thing in a restrictive relative clause.



6. (C) what — Here the relative pronoun what is used as an object. 7. (B) responsibility — We can talk about a responsibility to check something, making responsibility the correct choice. 8. (A) that — The sentence requires the relative subject pronoun. Because the antecedent is an object (computer), we need to use that. 9. (D) applicants — The context implies a workplace situation, making applicants the correct choice. 10. (A) where — The correct choice is the relative adverb where. 11. (D) whose — The correct choice is the relative possessive pronoun whose. 12. (B) that — The correct choice is the relative subject pronoun that because the antecedent is an object not a person. 13. (B) indicators — In this context, economic suggests indicators as the appropriate choice. 14. (C) whom — The correct choice is the relative object pronoun whom. 15. (D) rose — The verb we would expect to see with to the top is rise, so the correct choice is the past tense rose. It is not possible to elevate, grow, or increase to the top of one’s field or speciality. Part 6 Text Completion (page 112) 1. (B) which — The correct choice is the relative object pronoun which because the antecedent is an object not a person (interest). 2. (D) impression — Here the expression tested is make an impression. 3. (B) whom — The correct choice is the relative object pronoun whom because the antecedent is a person. While that may also be used when the antecedent is a person, it cannot be placed after to. 4. (C) regular — The keyword here is monthly, suggesting something that occurs at regular intervals. 5. (A) that — The correct choice is the relative subject pronoun that because the antecedent is an object, not a person. 6. (D) What — Here the relative pronoun what is used as a subject.



Review Test 1 (page 114) 1. (A) which — The correct choice is the relative object pronoun which because it refers to a thing, not a person. 2. (D) developing — The gerund is needed after the expression be committed to. 3. (D) received — The correct choice is the simple past of the verb receive, used for a past completed action at the same time as another action is in progress. 4. (C) will be shut — The correct choice is the future simple form of the passive voice. The action has not yet occurred, and the agent of the action is not stated. 5. (B) opposing — The correct choice is the present participle opposing used as an adjective. 6. (C) who — The correct choice is the relative subject pronoun who, referring to the seminar organizers. The antecedent organizers refers to people, making this the only possibility. 7. (D) used to be — Used to is followed by the infinitive making used to be the correct choice. 8. (A) is — The correct choice is determined by the noun warranty which requires the use of the rd 3rd person singular is. Although was is also 3 person singular form, the inclusion of the adjective current prevents the use of the past tense here. 9. (A) was alarmed — Be alarmed is used in the passive form with at. Was alarmed expresses the feeling the recruit felt in his new job. 10. (C) that — The correct choice is the relative pronoun that. Because key is not a person, who and whom are not appropriate. What cannot be used as an ordinary relative pronoun after a noun, so it is is not suitable here.



18. (B) whom — The correct choice is the relative object pronoun whom. While that is also an object pronoun, it cannot be placed immediately after the preposition with. 19. (A) is — The 3rd person singular simple present form is agrees with eight o’clock. 20. (C) Disappointed — The correct choice is the past participle disappointed. The object of the original verb serves as the subject of the main clause. 21. (B) Saying — The correct choice is the -ing form because the original verb is transitive, and it is followed by its object. 22. (B) arrive — With the expression not only . . ., but also . . ., the noun following but also determines the correct verb form. In this case, the noun is plural, therefore the 3rd person plural form arrive is the correct choice. 23. (C) is loved — The correct choice is the present passive form is loved because the agent of the verb is travelers and airlines while the subject is bag. 24. (A) has — The correct choice is has which combines with been to form the present perfect. It expresses a situation which started in the past but has endured up to the present. 25. (C) What — The correct choice is the relative pronoun what, used here as a subject. 26. (A) helping — The expression to be committed to is followed by the a noun or gerund.



8 Grammar Practice – Conjunctions and Prepositions Useful Notes:



11. (C) had occurred — The intransitive verb occur cannot be used in the passive, so the past perfect had occurred is the correct choice. 12. (D) will be releasing — The correct choice is the future progressive, expressing something which will occur by a certain point in time. 13. (B) Announced — The correct choice is the past participle announced. The object of the original verb serves as the subject of the main clause. In this sentence, announced refers to the subject policy. 14. (A) go — In this sentence, the subject and verb are split but must agree. 15. (A) has undertaken — The correct choice is the present perfect has undertaken to indicate an action that has started in the past and has continued until now. This use of the present perfect suggests the action is not complete. In this context, it is implied that training will continue to take place every spring. 16. (C) is believed — The impersonal passive is used with verbs referring to opinion where the agent is not specified. 17. (D) getting — The correct choice is the gerund, used after the verb phrase be used to.



Because is a conjunction used to connect two clauses. Example: She felt extremely nervous because she was about to receive her annual evaluation. Because of is a prepositional phrase followed by a noun, pronoun, or gerund. Example: She felt extremely nervous because of her annual evaluation. By is used to indicate that something happens by a particular time. Example: The report is due by Monday. Until is used to indicate how long something happens. Example: They will be away until Friday.



Part 5 Incomplete Sentences (page 120) 1. (B) until — In this sentence, the preposition until is used to express how long the postponement will take. 2. (D) description — In the context, description is the only word choice that makes logical sense.



3. (A) yet — Here yet is used as a coordinating conjunction, meaning “however.” 4. (B) Because of — In this sentence, because of is the correct choice because it is followed by a noun, and it links two clauses expressing cause and effect. 5. (D) experience — The keywords providing hints are interviewer, industry, and requirement. 6. (B) until — The correct choice expresses how long the personnel will be on duty. 7. (D) in addition to — The correct choice expresses something as well as the index, so we need in addition to, meaning “as well as.” 8. (A) so that — The correct choice is a subordinating conjunction which expresses cause and effect, focusing on the consequences. 9. (A) confident — The correct choice is the adjective confident, meaning “sure or certain.” 10. (D) moment — The correct choice is a subordinating conjunction which expresses the exact time that the event occurred. 11. (B) permission — The keyword here is approval. 12. (B) Provided — The correct choice needs to express a concession, therefore provided is the correct choice. 13. (C) Even if — The correct choice is the subordinating conjunction even if which expresses a concession. 14. (C) Because — The correct choice is the subordinating conjunction because. It links the cause given in the first clause with the effect given in the second. 15. (A) keynote — The noun keynote, meaning “the most important part,” combines with the noun speaker to form the compound noun keynote speaker. The keynote speaker is the main speaker at a conference.



Part 6 Text Completion (page 122) 1. (C) Without — The context suggests that customer is essential, making without is the only possible choice. 2. (A) competitive — The context of the business environment makes competitive the logical choice. 3. (D) nor — The correct choice is the coordinating conjunction nor, meaning “and not.” 4. (D) stress — The correct choice is the verb stress, meaning “emphasize.” It is commonly used in the expression stress how important (something) + beverb. 5. (A) such — The correct choice is the subordinating conjunction such which, partnered with that, expresses cause and effect. 6. (B) or — The correct choice is the coordinating conjunction or, meaning “either.”



9 Grammar Practice – Modification Useful notes:



1. Limiting adjectives describe whose, how many, how much, and which one. 2. Limiting adjectives can be the following: a. Articles – a, an, the b. Demonstrative pronouns - this, that, those, these c. Numbers d. Possessive pronouns – e.g. his/her books e. Possessive nouns – e.g. Anna’s closet f. Indefinites – some, few, many, any, etc. Part 5 Incomplete Sentences (page 126) 1. (B) unbearably — The correct choice is the adverb unbearably which modifies the adjective hot to express degree. 2. (D) alleviate — The verb alleviate, meaning “to make something less painful” is the correct choice. 3. (A) much — The quantifier much which modifies the uncountable noun sales force is the correct choice. 4. (A) most of — The quantifier most of modifying the uncountable noun information is the correct choice. 5. (D) evidence — The keywords discrepancies, collected, and investigators together with the fact that the missing word is preceded by the definite article the mean that the noun evidence is the correct choice. 6. (B) poorly — The adverb poorly modifies the verb evaluate to describe manner. 7. (A) exactly — The adverb exactly modifies the phrase the kind of problem to give emphasis and show the speaker is referring to that kind of problem and no other. 8. (A) All of — The correct choice is the quantifier all of, modifying the noun drawings. 9. (D) certainly — The adverb certainly is used here to modify the phrase shows little regard for the welfare of his employees to specify degree. 10. (B) Few — The quantifier few is the correct choice. It modifies the countable noun applicants. 11. (C) greatly — The correct choice is the adverb greatly, specifying the degree of the adjective different. 12. (B) complimentary — The keywords which assist in making the correct choice are promotion and free. 13. (A) well — The correct choice is the adverb well which modifies the verb perform to describe manner. 14. (D) securely — The most appropriate choice is securely given the context of closing the door. 15. (C) very — The correct choice is the adverb very which modifies the adjective careless to specify degree. Part 6 Text Completion (page 128) 1. (B) a number — The correct choice in this context is a number. It completes the quantifier a number of, meaning “several.” 2. (A) delivery — The context of the passage and the keywords dropping off items and drivers lead to the correct choice of delivery.



3. (D) effect — The correct expression in this sentence is put a procedure into effect. 4. (B) latest — The correct choice is the superlative adjective form latest, meaning “most recent.” The adjective latest describes the noun member. The plain adjective form late and the comparative form later are not appropriate in this context. 5. (D) randomly — In this context, the appropriate choice is randomly since the others do not make logical sense. 6. (C) much — The correct choice is the quantifier much which modifies the uncountable noun music.



10 Grammar Practice – Pronouns Note: Reflexive pronouns (e.g. himself/yourself/themselves) are sometimes used instead of object pronouns (e.g. him/you/them) after like, as, but (for), and except (for). Example: All members of the board voted “yes” except for myself. Part 5 Incomplete Sentences (page 132) 1. (B) whoever — The correct choice is the indefinite relative pronoun whoever because it is not known who ordered the taxi. 2. (D) matter — The correct choice is matter to complete the expression be the matter with, meaning “be wrong with; to have a problem.” 3. (D) their — The correct choice is the possessive pronoun their used as a determiner, meaning “belonging to them.” 4. (C) themselves — The correct choice is the reflexive pronoun themselves because the subject and the object are the same person. 5. (B) his — The correct choice is the possessive pronoun his. He admits the fault belongs to him, so it is his fault. 6. (D) features — Keywords which suggest the correct choice include sales, product, and positive. 7. (B) another — Even if implies the need for a word that expresses an alternative to the repair center mentioned in the sentence. The correct choice is therefore another, meaning “an alternative; a different one.” Everything is not possible because it needs to be followed by a verb. These needs to be followed by a plural and therefore does not fit. While any can be used to emphasize free choice, it does not fit in this context. 8. (A) those — The correct choice is the demonstrative pronoun those, referring to the plural noun managers. 9. (D) accountability — The keywords which suggest the correct choice are corporate and crimes. These suggest the need for a word related to moral duty or responsibility in a business setting. Obligation and accountability both contain this idea. However,



accountability, meaning “being completely responsible for what one does and able to give a satisfactory reason for it,” is more commonly used as a collocation with corporate than obligation. 10. (B) many — The correct choice is the indefinite pronoun many, meaning “a large but unspecified quantity.” It acts as the subject of the verb applied. 11. (C) himself — The correct choice is the reflexive pronoun himself. It completes the expression to be disappointed with oneself. 12. (A) strongly — The adverb strongly is commonly used with recommend to mean “very much.” 13. (B) ourselves — The correct choice is the reflexive pronoun ourselves. Reflexive pronouns are often used instead of personal pronouns after as. Instead of ourselves, the personal pronoun we could be used, but st it would require the 1 person plural form of the beverb with it. 14. (C) phases — The correct choice is phases, meaning “stages.” 15. (A) their — The correct choice is the possessive pronoun their, referring to the department which belongs to them. Part 6 Text Completion (page 134) 1. (D) extend — The only appropriate choice in this context is extend, meaning “to continue.” 2. (C) This — The correct choice is the demonstrative pronoun this, referring to the singular noun rate of $125. 3. (C) those — The correct choice is the demonstrative pronoun those, meaning “the members who.” 4. (C) participant — The correct choice is the noun participant, meaning “a person who takes part in an activity.” 5. (B) your — The context is a letter explaining what Mrs. Sampson should expect during her visit. The writer is addressing the information to Mrs. Sampson directly, therefore the only logical choice is the possessive pronoun your. 6. (D) whatever — The correct choice is the indefinite relative pronoun whatever because the exact items are unknown.



11 Grammar Practice – Comparisons Part 5 Incomplete Sentences (page 138) 1. (A) a little — The correct choice a little modifies the comparative form earlier. 2. (C) process — We process an order, so in the context of the sentence, process is the correct choice. 3. (D) more closely — The correct choice is the comparative form of the adverb closely which here describes the verb work.



4. (B) fired — Keywords which suggest the correct choice include workers and insubordination. 5. (D) smart — The correct choice is smart because as . . . as takes the regular form of the adjective. 6. (C) most — The use of the definite article the indicates that the superlative will be the correct choice. 7. (D) by far — The correct choice by far modifies the superlative the best. 8. (C) scariest — The use of the definite article the suggests that the superlative is the correct choice. Additionally, the word part suggests that there are several factors involved, and the superlative is used when we have multiple items to compare. 9. (C) range — The correct choice is range, completing the compound noun price range, meaning “a gamut of prices going from highest to lowest.” 10. (D) manual — Manual is the word which fits best in the context. 11. (D) best — The correct choice is the superlative best. It is logical to assume that the caterer has offered several prices, and that among them $9.95 is the cheapest, necessitating the superlative. 12. (B) executive — The expression board meeting is best matched with the adjective executive. 13. (C) messiest — The correct choice is the superlative form messiest since it is preceded by the definite article, the. 14. (A) more regularly — The correct choice is the adverb regularly modified by more, describing the verb meet. 15. (C) many — The correct choice is many, modifying the countable noun, employees. Part 6 Text Completion (page 140) 1. (C) the best — The correct choice is the superlative form because the terms of service of the company mentioned are compared to those of more than one other company. 2. (D) activation — Activation, meaning “to make active,” is the correct choice in the context. 3. (A) Late — Late, meaning “not on time,” is the correct choice in the context. 4. (C) crucial — Crucial, meaning “extremely important,” is the correct choice. 5. (D) easier — The correct choice easier completes the idiomatic phrase easier said than done. 6. (C) simply — The correct choice is the adverb simply because the adverb very cannot be used to modify a comparative. Therefore, the simple form of the adverb is needed.



12 Grammar Practice – Negation and Word Order Note: Besides no, not, and none, the following words can be used to make negatives: yet, no longer, hardly, ever, and have yet to-infinitive. I have hardly seen the new secretary since she started working here. We have yet to decide how many employees will be laid off. Placing too or much too before an adjective or adverb can make a sentence negative. You came to a decision much too quickly. Mr. Green is too careless to work in this position. Part 5 Incomplete Sentences (page 144) 1. (B) confident — In the context, the correct choice is confident, meaning “sure.” 2. (A) does not — The correct choice is the negative form does not, where do + not are placed before the main verb due to the lack of an auxiliary. 3. (B) no — The correct choice is no which precedes the noun weather in this sentence. 4. (D) legislation — The correct choice is legislation, meaning “laws.” 5. (B) never — The correct choice is never which is not used in a double negative and therefore, cannot be combined with other negative words. 6. (A) majority — The correct choice is majority, meaning “the larger part.” 7. (D) yet — The correct choice yet is a negative structure used to make a sentence negative. 8. (C) not to — The correct answer is the negative not which is placed in front of the non-finite verb to miss. 9. (A) securing — The correct choice is securing, meaning “to get or succeed.” 10. (C) good enough — The correct choice is good enough because the use of not + adjective + enough makes this sentence negative. 11. (D) Not — The correct choice is not which is placed before the non-finite verb knowing. 12. (C) much too — The correct choice is much too. Placed before an adjective, these words make the sentence negative. 13. (D) unequaled — The correct choice unequaled, meaning “distinctive and unlike any other,” is commonly used with the noun success to mean that something has been extremely successful. 14. (B) no — The correct choice is no because this is placed before a noun without an article to make a negative. 15. (B) could — Negative words should not be used with hardly, so the correct choice is could. Part 6 Text Completion (page 146) 1. (D) instead of — In this context, the correct choice is instead of, meaning “in place of.”



2. (A) honor — The correct choice is honor. This completes the phrase to honor the price, meaning “to accept the price.” 3. (D) must — The correct choice is must because a negative form is not used with never. 4. (C) essential — The correct choice is essential, meaning “necessary.” 5. (D) not — The correct choice is not which is placed before the main verb teach. 6. (B) rarely — The correct choice is rarely because this is a word that cannot be used with negative words.



13 Grammar Practice – Conditionals Conditionals are used to express: 1. A true or probable situation in the present or future



If-clause (simple result clause (will + bare present) infinitive) If I am qualified, I will apply for that position. 2. An untrue or imaginary situation in the present or future



If-clause (past result clause present) (would/could/might + bare infinitive) If I were qualified, I might apply for that position. (Were is often used instead of was in both formal and informal English. This is a form of the subjunctive) 3. an untrue situation in the past



If-clause (past perfect)



result clause (would/could/might+have+ba re infinitive) If I had been qualified, I could have applied for that position.



Part 5 Incomplete Sentences (page 150) 1. (C) receive — The correct choice is the simple present form receive which is needed to express a true conditional situation in the future. 2. (D) discontinued — In the first clause, we are informed that sales figures did not improve in the previous year. In this context, the obvious choice is discontinued, meaning “stopped.” 3. (B) known — The correct choice is known. In this sentence, if has been omitted, and the construction had + subject + past participle has been used. 4. (B) had established — In this sentence, the verb wish indicates a desire that the situation were the opposite of the reality. The past perfect tense is needed in this past situation. 5. (B) were— The correct choice is were. To express an untrue present situation, the verb in the ifclause takes the past tense. We usually use the subjunctive were instead of was after if. 6. (D) supply — The correct choice is the noun supply. Together with the noun company, it forms the



compound noun supply company. 7. (A) is — The verb in the if-clause needs to be in the simple present because this sentence expresses a true situation. 8. (B) were — The correct choice were is needed with the clause I wish to express a desire that the reality were the opposite of what it actually is. 9. (B) could have — The correct choice is the past perfect because the sentence is expressing an untrue situation in the past. 10. (C) will include — The simple future is needed to complete this sentence which expresses a true situation. 11. (A) accommodations — The keywords are cheaper, London, and attend. The correct choice is accommodations, meaning “somewhere to stay.” 12. (C) had forgotten — The correct choice with an as if-clause is had + past participle. 13. (D) Should — The correct choice is should which is used with the simple present when if is omitted and the subject and verb are inverted. 14. (C) had had — The correct choice is had had in this untrue, past situation. 15. (A) inventory — The keyword which supplies a hint to the correct choice is warehouse.



Part 6 Text Completion (page 152) 1. (D) will be spent — The correct choice is will be spent because the sentence expresses a true situation in the future. 2. (A) undertaken — In the context, only undertaken, meaning “to do or begin,” is appropriate to talk about the project. 3. (C) Should — Here if has been omitted, so the correct choice is should. 4. (D) request — The correct choice in the context of applying for vacation time is request. 5. (C) desire — The correct choice is desire, meaning “want.” 6. (B) are — After if to express a true situation, the present simple is needed in the if-clause.



14 Grammar Practice – Apposition, Emphasis, and Inversion Appositives are words, phrases, or clauses which follow a noun to rename or describe it in another way. Example: My sister is a research scientist. My sister, the research scientist, works at a large research facility. (Appositive) Cleft sentences are used to focus attention on a certain part of the sentence. Compare: I have come to apply for the position. The reason why I have come is to apply for the position. (Cleft sentence) Cleft structures include the reason why, the place where, the day when, the thing that, the fact that, the person who, etc.



Part 5 Incomplete Sentences (page 156) 1. (C) What — The correct choice is what. In this cleft sentence, what focuses the attention on do. 2. (A) a — The correct choice is the indefinite article a. It completes the appositive a computer expert which describes Ms. Phillips. 3. (C) that — In this cleft sentence, the fact that focuses on the reason why the speaker missed a meeting. 4. (D) alluded — The correct choice alluded, meaning “hinted,” is the only appropriate choice in this context. 5. (A) was — In this cleft sentence, what + the 3rd person singular verb focus on prepare the meeting rooms. 6. (C) maximum — In the context, only the noun maximum is appropriate. 7. (D) all they did — In this cleft sentence, all + the 3rd person singular verb focuses the attention on sit at their desks while did is the only suitable verb choice for this past situation. 8. (A) bidder — The keywords which suggest the correct choice are shares, for sale, and highest. 9. (B) place — In this sentence, the attention is focused on where the action will occur, making place the correct choice. 10. (D) moral — The keywords which suggest the correct choice are officials and obligation. 11. (B) happened — What + happen is used to put the emphasis on a whole sentence. Because this is a past situation, happened is the correct choice. 12. (C) oriented — The correct choice is oriented, meaning “focused.” 13. (A) were we — After the negative expression at no time, the subject and verb are inverted. 14. (D) boss — The correct choice is the noun boss. This completes the appositive the boss, giving additional information about Mr. Taylor. The fact that he interrupted his employees tells us that he has a superior position. 15. (C) who — In this cleft sentence, the correct choice is the relative pronoun who. The (person) who is used to place the focus on the person who influenced the outcome (the final voter).



Part 6 Text Completion (page 158) 1. (B) exist — The correct choice is the verb exist. After the negative modal cannot, a verb is needed. Extent is a noun, and so does not fit. In this context, the verbs exit and except do not make sense. 2. (C) to whom — In this cleft sentence, the people is what we want to focus on. This expression requires the relative object pronoun whom and the preposition to. 3. (B) all — All is used to focus attention on just one thing, in this case, the thing that needs doing. 4. (B) consider — The correct choice is consider, meaning “to think.” 5. (D) is — In this cleft sentence, the phrase the reason why focuses on why the writer is making his choice. It is a present situation, so the



correct choice is the simple present is. 6. (A) admiration — In the context of this sentence, a word with a positive meaning is needed. The correct choice is admiration. Review Test 2 (page 160) 1. (D) by — The correct choice is the preposition by, indicating the time before which people must connect to the video link (before and up to 10 a.m., but no later). 2. (C) Several of — The correct choice is the quantifier several of which modifies the noun salespeople. 3. (B) provided — The correct choice is the subordinating conjunction provided, meaning “if or only if.” 4. (B) many — The quantifier many is used to modify the countable noun delegates. 5. (D) as — To multiply the size or amount of something when making a comparison, adverbs such as twice can be used with expression as . . . as. 6. (B) than — Than is used after a comparative, in this case the comparative adjective longer. 7. (C) never — The correct choice is the word never which, used with the regular form of the verb, creates a negative sentence. 8. (A) no — The negative word no is placed before a noun that has no article. 9. (B) Now that — The correct choice is the subordinating conjunction now that expressing cause. 10. (B) dedicated — The correct choice is the adjective dedicated which modifies the noun supervisor. 11. (D) is the day when — The correct choice is the expression the day when which is used with the be-verb is to focus attention on the date June 5th. 12. (C) yet — The correct choice is the coordinating conjunction yet which links two contrasting ideas. 13. (A) The fact that yet — In this cleft sentence, the fact that yet focuses attention on the information that another administrative clerk has resigned. 14. (D) better — The correct choice is the comparative form better. 15. (B) their — The correct choice is the possessive pronoun their which precedes the compound noun work day. 16. (C) worst — The correct choice is the superlative form worst because more than two different things are being compared (seminars). 17. (D) could I — The auxiliary is placed directly before the subject of the clause after the negative expression never. 18. (C) did — The use of the word what focuses attention on contact the hotel. In this context, the correct choice is the simple past tense form did. 19. (A) why — The correct choice is why which focuses attention on the reason that they decided to visit Paris. 20. (C) on — The correct choice is the preposition on. When talking about membership of a



committee, the expression used is be on a/the committee. 21. (A) good enough — The correct choice is good enough because the construction not + adjective + enough makes the sentence negative. 22. (C) in — The preposition in is the correct choice to complete the expression find (oneself) in a situation. 23. (B) Should you — In a conditional sentence where if is omitted, the subject and verb are inverted. 24. (B) this — The correct choice is the singular demonstrative pronoun this which identifies the noun letter. 25. (B) Because of — The prepositional phrase because of, which is followed by the noun changes, is the correct choice. 26. (A) more — The correct choice is the comparative form more because it is comparing the future situation with the present situation.



Chapter 3 Reading Practice



6. (C) To hold what they produce 7. (A) There is a small charge for admission. 8. (C) A ride moved too quickly. 9. (B) A law firm 10. (A) Failing to be careful enough 11. (C) May 25th 12. (D) To solicit volunteers 13. (C) They are fans of films. 14. (D) By offering the help of her students 15. (D) It holds no classes after 3 p.m.



B. Memos (page 176) 1. (C) To improve their employees’ health 2. (A) About a quarter 3. (B) To announce a retirement and a job opening 4. (C) About three weeks 5. (D) Hire a new designer 6. (B) To complain about product quality 7. (D) Welding goggles 8. (C) It was the first time he had had a problem. 9. (A) The faulty goggles 10. (B) Financial support 11. (A) To announce the launch of a product 12. (D) A $4,500 deposit 13. (A) To alert the manager of a few concerns 14. (C) Through additional staff training 15. (B) It is a multinational corporation.



C. Advertisements (page 182)



Tips 















Think about the type of text. Is it a notice, a memo, a report, an advertisement, an email, or a chart/table? Think about the purpose of the text. Is it meant to sell a product, to instruct, or to complain about a service? Think of the main points in the text. Learn to identify synonyms and implied information. Think of the writer as well as the audience or people to whom the text is addressed.



Mini-test A. Notices (page 170) 1. (A) An upcoming repair project 2. (C) Around 10 days 3. (D) The closure of a bank facility 4. (A) Fewer customers are using that branch. 5. (A) To raise awareness about environmental concerns



1. (D) A rental company 2. (C) The cost of rental insurance 3. (A) To promote a real estate agency 4. (B) In a downtown area 5. (D) Mid-week discounts 6. (B) Added better sound equipment 7. (C) High school students seeking summer jobs 8. (B) The summer months 9. (B) Available for only part of the year 10. (D) A cut-rate subscription 11. (B) $38.50 12. (A) 6 13. (B) Manufacturing 14. (D) Foreign language skills 15. (A) It will likely involve doing some driving.



D. Articles, Information, and Reports (page 188) 1. (D) Visit the conference’s website 2. (C) 1:30 p.m. 3. (A) Celebratory events 4. (A) Two days 5. (C) They will be removed. 6. (C) Unlicensed business owners 7. (D) When the business permit has expired 8. (A) At least two years 9. (B) A bank statement 10. (C) Check the expiration date of their permits 11. (D) It was higher than they had predicted. 12. (B) Monthly 13. (A) A fundraiser 14. (B) To join the group 15. (A) They have gardening experience. 16. (B) A decade 17. (B) The original bill of sale 18. (C) In operation



19. (B) To make an inquiry 20. (C) She does not know where to send it. 21. (B) To request a refund 22. (D) 100% of the total price 23. (C) To cover processing costs 24. (B) October 30th 25. (D) Not at all



E. Emails and Letters (page 198) 1. (C) Esther Parks’ assistant 2. (C) There will be seating arranged for 10 people. 3. (B) To give a compliment 4. (A) Anne has misplaced it somewhere. 5. (C) To provide the requested program information 6. (D) Finance 7. (B) Prior internship experience 8. (B) Give a talk at an upcoming company event 9. (D) A coworker 10. (A) New and original 11. (C) By fax 12. (D) On October 24th 13. (D) In 10 days 14. (C) $3.00 15. (C) Telephone Lynda 16. (B) To inquire about their anniversary packages 17. (D) At an outdoor location 18. (B) It is large and growing. 19. (C) 150 20. (B) Their children’s menu 21. (A) To place a grocery order 22. (D) She is a first-time customer. 23. (A) With cash 24. (B) The customer missed the cut-off time. 25. (A) By registering for regular emails



F. Charts and Tables (page 208) 1. (B) 400 2. (A) It has not been paid yet. 3. (C) The flavor of the day will be dropped. 4. (B) It makes people feel good. 5. (A) People were returning gifts they did not like. 6. (C) Flat screen TVs 7. (B) It is an electronics store. 8. (D) To indicate the most money a buyer could expect to borrow to buy a house 9. (C) $66,000 is enough to purchase a house. 10. (A) Suitable for 11. (A) To fulfill the terms of a contract 12. (B) 10% 13. (B) The Stiles’ son 14. (C) She wants an additional copy for her husband. 15. (B) She will phone Mr. Stiles.



Chapter 4 Practice Test Part 1 Picture Description (page 218) Tips 



 



Preview the picture before the statements are read. Ask yourself, “Who?” “Where?” “What?” Focus on the meaning of the statements as a whole. Answer the questions as quickly as possible. If you don’t know the answer, guess and begin previewing the next picture.



Tricks  Incorrect answers may contain similarsounding words.  Watch out for incorrect answers that may include some correct words.



1. (C) The man is placing tile on the wall. 2. (B) The woman has placed the bananas on the scale. 3. (C) There is a cup in front of the woman. 4. (A) Two people are working on a project. 5. (C) The men are reviewing blueprints. 6. (C) The man is reading something. 7. (B) A family is standing on the ice. 8. (D) There is a garage attached to the house. 9. (A) The people are loading items into a truck. 10. (A) A boy is getting off the bus.



Part 2 Questions and Responses (page 224) 11. (B) Yes, with only moments to spare. 12. (A) Yes, as far as I know. 13. (B) Yes, it really was. 14. (B) Sure. Thanks for the invite. 15. (C) Not that I can remember. 16. (A) Sometime this spring, I hear. 17. (A) No, only at the back. 18. (C) Don’t worry. It’s on me today. 19. (B) Check at the registration desk. 20. (B) You’re just in time for it. 21. (C) I fell on the way to work. 22. (A) It could be as early as next week. 23. (C) I have absolutely no idea. 24. (A) It’s getting a bit late and I’m tired. 25. (B) I need to read it first. 26. (A) As soon as everything is sold. 27. (B) It would be my pleasure. 28. (A) Only when I’m out of the office. 29. (A) You’ll do just fine, I’m sure. 30. (C) It doesn’t seem so. 31. (B) It was canceled. 32. (A) It slipped our minds. 33. (A) It’s all-inclusive. 34. (C) Yes, and it isn’t just you. 35. (B) No, she will call back later.



36. (B) No, I have to finish this important fax. 37. (A) I think it closes at four on weekdays. 38. (C) More than 75, I believe. 39. (C) He has too many appointments. 40. (B) Just this once, and let’s keep it between us.



Part 3 Short Conversations (page 225) Tips  Look at the question before the dialog begins. If you have time, look at the answers as well.  While listening to the dialog, try to imagine where the speakers are.  Don’t answer too quickly. Read all the answers before making your choice.  Watch out for answers that are true but are not related to the question.  Watch out for distracting numbers which include dates, times, and numbers of things or people.



41. (B) In an office 42. (A) By car 43. (C) Pay a cancellation charge 44. (B) Her colleague 45. (A) At 9 a.m. 46. (A) There will be an important meeting. 47. (C) A garage 48. (A) She wants to pick up her vehicle. 49. (D) Call the supplier 50. (C) To find the store manager’s office 51. (C) 3rd floor 52. (B) To have a job interview 53. (D) Her boss 54. (B) His new flight time 55. (A) Slightly more than two hours 56. (D) She had to work. 57. (C) To the countryside 58. (A) She recently became a wedding planner. 59. (B) Two 60. (A) The hotel is full on the second night. 61. (A) Contact another hotel 62. (B) The location of a work party 63. (A) Change the restaurant 64. (D) The food is poor quality. 65. (B) The woman is interviewing the man for a job. 66. (A) In an office 67. (C) Lend the man a pen 68. (B) His supervisor 69. (A) Because of an appointment 70. (D) He rarely takes time off.



Part 4 Short Talks (page 228) Tips  Listen closely to the introduction preceding the talk. It will tell you what type of information you will hear (news report, weather report, advertisement, recorded message, announcement, etc.)  Try to preview the questions before the talk begins. This will help you listen for the information required by the questions.  Begin to answer the questions as soon as the talk is finished.  Watch out for the same traps that are seen in Parts 1-3. 71. (C) On a train 72. (A) Denver 73. (C) They will remain quiet. 74. (A) In the exhibitor’s area 75. (D) Those in the legal profession 76. (D) 1:30 p.m. 77. (C) A librarian 78. (B) Photocopiers 79. (A) One 80. (B) A new staff member 81. (B) The roads are less congested. 82. (C) Read some information 83. (A) A hotel chain 84. (A) To book a room 85. (D) Wait on the line patiently 86. (B) People who lack adequate dance skills 87. (B) To view a list of the classes offered 88. (A) 30 days of unlimited classes for new students 89. (C) On the radio 90. (A) In January 91. (D) An additional discount 92. (A) In a company boardroom 93. (D) All staff members 94. (B) A new recruit 95. (B) To inform passengers of a delay 96. (C) 8:35 p.m. 97. (C) Everyone on Flight 425 98. (B) To facilitate effective treatment 99. (D) The doctor’s name 100. (A) In a box at the station



Part 5 Incomplete Sentences (page 231) Tips  Listen closely to the introduction preceding the talk. It will tell you what type of information you will hear (news report, weather report, advertisement, recorded message, announcement, etc.)  Try to preview the questions before the talk begins. This will help you listen for the information required by the questions.  Begin to answer the questions as soon as the talk is finished.  Watch out for the same traps that are seen in Parts 1-3. 101. (A) tightly — The correct choice is the adverb tightly, which describes the past participle closed in this sentence. 102. (C) biggest — The correct choice is the superlative form of the adjective big. In this sentence, the superlative is needed because several different influences have been compared. 103. (D) arranged — In this sentence, the past participle is used to express the passive. 104. (C) decreased — The correct choice is the present perfect, which expresses a finished action that is connected with the present: there are now fewer thefts. 105. (C) either — The correct choice is the correlative conjunction either, which expresses a choice between two possibilities when used with or. 106. (A) applicant — The correct choice is the noun form applicant, meaning “someone who applies for something (such as a job).” 107. (B) agreement — The correct choice is the noun form agreement used as the object of the preposition for. 108. (B) is believed — In this sentence, the impersonal passive is used to express an opinion. It is implied that this is a commonly held belief. 109. (D) refer — The correct choice is the verb refer, meaning “seek information from.” This verb is used with the preposition to. 110. (C) timely — The correct choice is the adjective timely, meaning “within an appropriate time.” 111. (A) has warned — The correct choice is the present perfect has warned because it refers to an event in the past which is connected to the present. 112. (C) exception — The correct choice is exception, which means “not included in a group.” 113. (B) used — The correct choice is used. Used to + infinitive expresses a regular activity in the past which no longer occurs. 114. (D) prevented — The correct choice is prevented, meaning “kept from happening.” 115. (C) being — The correct choice is the present participle being. The participle clause which it



completes describes the mayor’s speech. A participle clause with an -ing form of the be-verb is used to express reason or cause. 116. (A) to assemble — The correct choice is the infinitive to assemble because of the use of the verb like. It is used here in the construction like + object + to-infinitive. 117. (B) keep — The correct choice is the verb keep. When used with the adverb away, it forms the phrasal verb keep away, meaning “to prevent from going somewhere or near somewhere.” 118. (A) its — The correct choice is the possessive pronoun. In this sentence, its refers to the products of the company. 119. (C) to hear — After the adjective shocked, a to-infinitive is used. 120. (B) are — The correct choice is the 3rd person plural form are because it agrees with the plural noun places. The adverb currently tells us that we are talking about a present situation. 121. (A) which — In this non-identifying relative clause, the correct choice is the relative pronoun which. 122. (C) by — The correct choice is by, referring to something which happens by a particular time, and no later. 123. (A) care — The noun care completes the expression handle with (great) care. 124. (B) have I — After seldom, the subject and verb are inverted, making have I the correct choice. 125. (A) which — The correct choice is the relative pronoun which because the antecedent is a thing. 126. (D) prior to — The correct choice is the prepositional phrase prior to, meaning “before.” 127. (D) equally — The correct choice is the adverb equally which modifies the adjective valid. 128. (B) retail — The correct choice is the noun retail which completes the compound noun retail businesses. 129. (B) their — The correct choice is the 3rd person plural possessive pronoun their. It refers to every customer, meaning “all people within the collective group, customers.” 130. (C) that — The missing word is that. It completes the subordinating conjunction so that. 131. (C) preference — The correct choice is preference, meaning “liking one thing over another.” 132. (D) All — The correct choice is the quantifier all, signifying that without exception, visitors have to sign in. 133. (C) nevertheless — The adverb nevertheless has the meaning of “despite what has been said.” It expresses that regardless of traffic problems, everyone should be at the meeting. 134. (B) because of — The prepositional phrase because of is followed by a noun and connects cause and effect. 135. (B) be announced — In this sentence, the simple future passive is used. 136. (A) join — With the verb request, the subjunctive is needed. 137. (C) Whoever — The relative pronoun whoever is the correct choice because the sentence refers to an unidentified person. 138. (B) not enough — Before a noun, not enough can



be used to make the sentence negative. 139. (D) much — Much is used to modify the comparative adverb better. 140. (A) why — In this cleft sentence, the focus is on the reason for holding a meeting due to the expression the reason why.



Part 6 Text Completion (page 236) Tips  Remember that you are looking for the most appropriate word to fill in the blank.  Read the whole text, not just the words around the blank. Try to understand the meaning of the text.



141. (B) valued — In this context, the correct choice is the adjective valued. 142. (C) be reduced — The correct choice be reduced completes the future simple passive in this sentence. 143. (A) local — The correct choice is the adjective local, which describes the noun hospital. 144. (C) mailed — The past participle mailed is used as an adjective, with the meaning “which was mailed.” 145. (B) apologize — In this context, the correct choice is the verb apologize. 146. (D) to serving — The expression look forward to is followed by the -ing form of the verb. 147. (A) amazing — The correct choice is the present participle amazing, used here as an adjective. 148. (C) those — The correct choice is the demonstrative pronoun those, which refers to the plural noun seeds. 149. (C) incentive — In this context, the correct choice is incentive, meaning “something that encourages you to do something.” 150. (D) to adhere — After the verb require, a to-infinitive is used. 151. (C) If — This conditional clause is introduced by the conjunction if. 152. (D) mandatory — In this context, mandatory, meaning “ordered by rules or law” is the correct choice.



Part 7 Reading Comprehension (page 240) Tricks:  Many answers use information that appears in the passage. However, they may not directly answer the question.  Watch out for similar sounding words, confusing numbers, wrong word forms, and words with similar meanings.  Don’t be confused by questions that follow these formats: Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the reading? The text refers to all of the following EXCEPT…



153. (A) To announce a parking restriction 154. (B) Park their vehicles on a different street 155. (A) To encourage participation in a course 156. (C) Adults only 157. (A) Self improvement 158. (C) Business people 159. (B) On the company’s website 160. (B) It is an annual event. 161. (A) $29.50 162. (D) On the weekend 163. (C) Economic development 164. (D) Upgrades to downtown buildings 165. (C) The construction of roadways 166. (B) To provide a reference 167. (B) She is interested in financial matters. 168. (A) She is a recent college graduate. 169. (D) Business professionals 170. (C) Stand out 171. (C) 500 172. (B) Contact information 173. (A) To inform employees of an upcoming event 174. (C) It will be led by a group of amateurs. 175. (A) At the event venue 176. (B) Only staff can attend the event. 177. (B) Arts and Literature 178. (D) The Symbol 179. (C) To promote a writer and his latest work 180. (C) 2003 181. (A) Small businesses 182. (D) Bank account set-up 183. (B) Just under $30 184. (A) He needs such services for his own business. 185. (D) A representative will get in touch with Mr. Lightfoot. 186. (A) To request payment for services rendered 187. (D) They provide excellent service. 188. (B) Early May 189. (D) A contact number 190. (B) Contact the sales department 191. (C) Residents who own their own houses 192. (B) $90 193. (A) The added charges for installation 194. (C) A concerned local citizen 195. (A) Because they have been approved by the state



196. (C) To make a request 197. (C) He was away on business for a while. 198. (B) She no longer works at the gym. 199. (A) He gave Keith two months’ free membership. 200. (D) Manager