Tugas Regresi Confident Interval [PDF]

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58



SIMPLE LINEAR REGRESSION



Further analysis would be required to determine if this equation is an adequate fit to the data and if it is likely to be a successful predictor.



PROBLEMS 2.1



Table B.1 gives data concerning the performance of the 26 National Football League teams in 1976. It is suspected that the number of yards gained rushing by opponents (x8) has an effect on the number of games won by a team (y). a. Fit a simple linear regression model relating games won y to yards gained rushing by opponents x8. b. Construct the analysis-of-variance table and test for significance of regression. c. Find a 95% CI on the slope. d. What percent of the total variability in y is explained by this model? e. Find a 95% CI on the mean number of games won if opponents’ yards rushing is limited to 2000 yards.



2.2



Suppose we would like to use the model developed in Problem 2.1 to predict the number of games a team will win if it can limit opponents’ yards rushing to 1800 yards. Find a point estimate of the number of games won when x8 = 1800. Find a 90% prediction interval on the number of games won.



2.3



Table B.2 presents data collected during a solar energy project at Georgia Tech. a. Fit a simple linear regression model relating total heat flux y (kilowatts) to the radial deflection of the deflected rays x4 (milliradians). b. Construct the analysis-of-variance table and test for significance of regression. c. Find a 99% CI on the slope. d. Calculate R2. e. Find a 95% CI on the mean heat flux when the radial deflection is 16.5 milliradians.



2.4



Table B.3 presents data on the gasoline mileage performance of 32 different automobiles. a. Fit a simple linear regression model relating gasoline mileage y (miles per gallon) to engine displacement xl (cubic inches). b. Construct the analysis-of-variance table and test for significance of regression. c. What percent of the total variability in gasoline mileage is accounted for by the linear relationship with engine displacement? d. Find a 95% CI on the mean gasoline mileage if the engine displacement is 275 in.3 e. Suppose that we wish to predict the gasoline mileage obtained from a car with a 275-in.3 engine. Give a point estimate of mileage. Find a 95% prediction interval on the mileage. f. Compare the two intervals obtained in parts d and e. Explain the difference between them. Which one is wider, and why?



PROBLEMS



59



2.5



Consider the gasoline mileage data in Table B.3. Repeat Problem 2.4 (parts a, b, and c) using vehicle weight x10 as the regressor variable. Based on a comparison of the two models, can you conclude that x1 is a better choice of regressor than x10?



2.6



Table B.4 presents data for 27 houses sold in Erie, Pennsylvania. a. Fit a simple linear regression model relating selling price of the house to the current taxes (x1). b. Test for significance of regression. c. What percent of the total variability in selling price is explained by this model? d. Find a 95% CI on β1. e. Find a 95% CI on the mean selling price of a house for which the current taxes are $750.



2.7



The purity of oxygen produced by a fractional distillation process is thought to be related to the percentage of hydrocarbons in the main condensor of the processing unit. Twenty samples are shown below.



Purily (%) 86.91 89.85 90.28 86.34 92.58 87.33 86.29 91.86 95.61 89.86



a. b. c. d. e.



Hydrocarbon (%) 1.02 1.11 1.43 1.11 1.01 0.95 1.11 0.87 1.43 1.02



Purily (%) 96.73 99.42 98.66 96.07 93.65 87.31 95.00 96.85 85.20 90.56



Hydrocarbon (%) 1.46 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.40 1.15 1.01 0.99 0.95 0.98



Fit a simple linear regression model to the data. Test the hypothesis H0: β1 = 0. Calculate R2. Find a 95% CI on the slope. Find a 95% CI on the mean purity when the hydrocarbon percentage is 1.00.



2.8



Consider the oxygen plant data in Problem 2.7 and assume that purity and hydrocarbon percentage are jointly normally distributed random variables. a. What is the correlation between oxygen purity and hydrocarbon percentage? b. Test the hypothesis that ρ = 0. c. Construct a 95% CI for ρ.



2.9



Consider the soft drink delivery time data in Table 2.9. After examining the original regression model (Example 2.9), one analyst claimed that the model



APPENDIX B



DATA SETS FOR EXERCISES



Table B.1 National Football League 1976 Team Performance Table B.2 Solar Thermal Energy Test Data Table B.3 Gasoline Mileage Performance for 32 Automobiles Table B.4 Property Valuation Data Table B.5 Belle Ayr Liquefaction Runs Table B.6 Tube-Flow Reactor Data Table B.7 Oil Extraction from Peanuts Data Table B.8 Clathrate Formation Data Table B.9 Pressure Drop Data Table B.10 Kinematic Viscosity Data Table B.11 Wine Quality Data Table B.12 Heat Treating Data Table B.13 Jet Turbine Engine Thrust Data Table B.14 Electronic Inverter Data Table B.15 Air Pollution and Mortality Data Table B.16 Life Expectancy Data Table B.17 Patient Satisfaction Data Table B.18 Fuel Consumption Data Table B.19 Wine Quality of Young Red Wines Table B.20 Methanol Oxidation in Supercritical Water Table B.21 Hald Cement Data



Introduction to Linear Regression Analysis, Fifth Edition. Douglas C. Montgomery, Elizabeth A. Peck, G. Geoffrey Vining. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.



553



554



APPENDIX B



TABLE B.1



National Football League 1976 Team Performance



Team



y



x1



Washington Minnesota New England Oakland Pittsburgh Baltimore Los Angeles Dallas Atlanta Buffalo Chicago Cincinnati Cleveland Denver Detroit Green Bay Houston Kansas City Miami New Orleans New York Giants New York Jets Philadelphia St. Louis San Diego San Francisco Seattle Tampa Bay



10 11 11



x2



x3



x4



x5



x6



x7



x8



x9



2113 2003 2957



1985 2855 1737



38.9 38.8 40.1



64.7 61.3 60.0



+4 +3 +14



868 615 914



59.7 55.0 65.6



2205 2096 1847



1917 1575 2175



13 10 11 10 11 4 2 7 10 9 9 6 5 5 5 6 4



2285 2971 2309 2528 2147 1689 2566 2363 2109 2295 1932 2213 1722 1498 1873 2118 1775



2905 1666 2927 2341 2737 1414 1838 1480 2191 2229 2204 2140 1730 2072 2929 2268 1983



41.6 39.2 39.7 38.1 37.0 42.1 42.3 37.3 39.5 37.4 35.1 38.8 36.6 35.3 41.1 38.2 39.3



45.3 53.8 74.1 65.4 78.3 47.6 54.2 48.0 51.9 53.6 71.4 58.3 52.6 59.3 55.3 69.6 78.3



−4 +15 +8 +12 −1 −3 −1 +19 +6 −5 +3 +6 −19 −5 +10 +6 +7



957 836 786 754 761 714 797 984 700 1037 986 819 791 776 789 582 901



61.4 66.1 61.0 66.1 58.0 57.0 58.9 67.5 57.2 58.8 58.6 59.2 54.4 49.6 54.3 58.7 51.7



1903 1457 1848 1564 1821 2577 2476 1984 1917 1761 1709 1901 2288 2072 2861 2411 2289



2476 1866 2339 2092 1909 2001 2254 2217 1758 2032 2025 1686 1835 1914 2496 2670 2202



3



1904



1792



39.7



38.1



−9



734



61.9



2203



1988



3



1929



1606



39.7



68.8



−21



627



52.7



2592



2324



4 10 6 8



2080 2301 2040 2447



1492 2835 2416 1638



35.5 35.3 38.7 39.9



68.8 74.1 50.0 57.1



−8 +2 0 −8



722 683 576 848



57.8 59.7 54.9 65.3



2053 1979 2048 1786



2550 2110 2628 1776



2 0



1416 1503



2649 1503



37.4 39.3



56.3 47.0



−22 −9



684 875



43.8 53.5



2876 2560



2524 2241



y: Games won (per 14-game season) x1: Rushing yards (season) x2: Passing yards (season) x3: Punting average (yards/punt) x4: Field goal percentage (FGs made/FGs attempted 2season) x5: Turnover differential (turnovers acquired–turnovers lost) x6: Penalty yards (season) x7: Percent rushing (rushing plays/total plays) x8: Opponents’ rushing yards (season) x9: Opponents’ passing yards (season)



DATA SETS FOR EXERCISES



TABLE B.2 y 271.8 264.0 238.8 230.7 251.6 257.9 263.9 266.5 229.1 239.3 258.0 257.6 267.3 267.0 259.6 240.4 227.2 196.0 278.7 272.3 267.4 254.5 224.7 181.5 227.5 253.6 263.0 265.8 263.8



555



Solar Thermal Energy Test Data x1



x2



x3



x4



x5



783.35 748.45 684.45 827.80 860.45 875.15 909.45 905.55 756.00 769.35 793.50 801.65 819.65 808.55 774.95 711.85 694.85 638.10 774.55 757.90 753.35 704.70 666.80 568.55 653.10 704.05 709.60 726.90 697.15



33.53 36.50 34.66 33.13 35.75 34.46 34.60 35.38 35.85 35.68 35.35 35.04 34.07 32.20 34.32 31.08 35.73 34.11 34.79 35.77 36.44 37.82 35.07 35.26 35.56 35.73 36.46 36.26 37.20



40.55 36.19 37.31 32.52 33.71 34.14 34.85 35.89 33.53 33.79 34.72 35.22 36.50 37.60 37.89 37.71 37.00 36.76 34.62 35.40 35.96 36.26 36.34 35.90 31.84 33.16 33.83 34.89 36.27



16.66 16.46 17.66 17.50 16.40 16.28 16.06 15.93 16.60 16.41 16.17 15.92 16.04 16.19 16.62 17.37 18.12 18.53 15.54 15.70 16.45 17.62 18.12 19.05 16.51 16.02 15.89 15.83 16.71



13.20 14.11 15.68 10.53 11.00 11.31 11.96 12.58 10.66 10.85 11.41 11.91 12.85 13.58 14.21 15.56 15.83 16.41 13.10 13.63 14.51 15.38 16.10 16.73 10.58 11.28 11.91 12.65 14.06



y: Total heat flux (kwatts) xl: Insolation (watts/m2) x2: Position of focal point in east direction (inches) x3: Position of focal point in south direction (inches) x4: Position of focal point in north direction (inches) x5: Time of day



556



APPENDIX B



TABLE B.3



Gasoline Mileage Performance for 32 Antomobiles



Automobile



y



Apollo Omega Nova Monarch Duster Jenson Conv. Skyhawk Monza Scirocco Corolla SR-5 Camaro Datsun B210 Capri II Pacer Babcat Granada Eldorado Imperial Nova LN Valiant Starfire Cordoba Trans AM Corolla E-5 Astre Mark IV Celica GT Charger SE Cougar Elite Matador Corvette



18.90 17.00 20.00 18.25 20.07 11.2



x1



x2



x3



x4



x5



x6



x7



x8



x9



x10



x11



350 350 250 351 225 440



165 170 105 143 95 215



260 275 185 255 170 330



8.0 : 1 8.5 : 1 8.25 : 1 8.0 : 1 8.4 : 1 8.2 : 1



2.56 : 1 2.56 : 1 2.73 : 1 3.00 : 1 2.76 : 1 2.88 : 1



4 4 1 2 1 4



3 3 3 3 3 3



200.3 199.6 196.7 199.9 194.1 184.5



69.9 72.9 72.2 74.0 71.8 69



3910 2860 3510 3890 3365 4215



A A A A M A



22.12 21.47 34.70 30.40



231 262 89.7 96.9



110 110 70 75



175 200 81 83



8.0 : 1 8.5 : 1 8.2 : 1 9.0 : 1



2.56 : 1 2.56 : 1 3.90 : 1 4.30 : 1



2 2 2 2



3 3 4 5



179.3 179.3 155.7 165.2



65.4 65.4 64 65



3020 3180 1905 2320



A A M M



16.50 36.50



350 85.3



155 80



250 83



8.5 : 1 8.5 : 1



3.08 : 1 3.89 : 1



4 2



3 4



195.4 160.6



74.4 62.2



3885 2009



A M



21.50 19.70 20.30 17.80 14.39 14.89 17.80 16.41 23.54 21.47 16.59 31.90 29.40 13.27 23.90 19.73 13.90 13.27 13.77 16.50



171 258 140 302 500 440 350 318 231 360 400 96.9 140 460 133.6 318 351 351 360 350



109 110 83 129 190 215 155 145 110 180 185 75 86 223 96 140 148 148 195 165



146 195 109 220 360 330 250 255 175 290 NA 83 NA 366 120 255 243 243 295 255



8.2 : 1 8.0 : 1 8.4 : 1 8.0 : 1 8.5 : 1 8.2 : 1 8.5 : 1 8.5 : 1 8.0 : 1 8.4 : 1 7.6 : 1 9.0 : 1 8.0 : 1 8.0 : 1 8.4 : 1 8.5 : 1 8.0 : 1 8.0 : 1 8.25 : 1 8.5 : 1



3.22 : 1 3.08 : 1 3.40 : 1 3.0 : 1 2.73 : 1 2.71 : 1 3.08 : 1 2.45 : 1 2.56 : 1 2.45 : 1 3.08 : 1 4.30 : 1 2.92 : 1 3.00 : 1 3.91 : 1 2.71 : 1 3.25 : 1 3.26 : 1 3.15 : 1 2.73 : 1



2 1 2 2 4 4 4 2 2 2 4 2 2 4 2 2 2 2 4 4



4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 4 3 5 3 3 3 3 3



170.4 171.5 168.8 199.9 224.1 231.0 196.7 197.6 179.3 214.2 196 165.2 176.4 228 171.5 215.3 215.5 216.1 209.3 185.2



66.9 77 69.4 74 79.8 79.7 72.2 71 65.4 76.3 73 61.8 65.4 79.8 63.4 76.3 78.5 78.5 77.4 69



2655 3375 2700 3890 5290 5185 3910 3660 3050 4250 3850 2275 2150 5430 2535 4370 4540 4715 4215 3660



M A M A A A A A A A A M M A M A A A A A



y: Miles/gallon x1: Displacement (cubic in.) x2: Horsepower (ft-lb) x3: Torqne (ft-lb) x4: Compression ratio x5: Rear axle ratio Source: Motor Trend, 1975.



x6: Carburetor (barrels) x7: No. of transmission speeds x8: Overall length (in.) x9: Width (in.) x10: Weight (lb) x11: Type of transmission (A automatic; M manual)



DATA SETS FOR EXERCISES



TABLE B.4 y 25.9 29.5 27.9 25.9 29.9 29.9 30.9 28.9 35.9 31.5 31.0 30.9 30.0 36.9 41.9 40.5 43.9 37.5 37.9 44.5 37.9 38.9 36.9 45.8



557



Property Valuation Data



x1



x2



x3



x4



x5



x6



x7



x8



x9



4.9176 5.0208 4.5429 4.5573 5.0597 3.8910 5.8980 5.6039 5.8282 5.3003 6.2712 5.9592 5.0500 8.2464 6.6969 7.7841 9.0384 5.9894 7.5422 8.7951 6.0831 8.3607 8.1400 9.1416



1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.5



3.4720 3.5310 2.2750 4.0500 4.4550 4.4550 5.8500 9.5200 6.4350 4.9883 5.5200 6.6660 5.0000 5.1500 6.9020 7.1020 7.8000 5.5200 5.0000 9.8900 6.7265 9.1500 8.0000 7.3262



0.9980 1.5000 1.1750 1.2320 1.1210 0.9880 1.2400 1.5010 1.2250 1.5520 0.9750 1.1210 1.0200 1.6640 1.4880 1.3760 1.5000 1.2560 1.6900 1.8200 1.6520 1.7770 1.5040 1.8310



1.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 0.0 2.0 1.5 1.0 15 2.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 1.5



7 7 6 6 6 6 7 6 6 6 5 6 5 8 7 6 7 6 6 8 6 8 7 8



4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4



42 62 40 54 42 56 51 32 32 30 30 32 46 50 22 17 23 40 22 50 44 48 3 31



0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0



y: Sale price of the house/1000 x1: Taxes (local, school, county)/1000 x2: Number of baths x3: Lot size (sq ft × 1000) x4: Living space (sq ft × 1000) x5: Number of garage stalls x6: Number of rooms x7: Number of bedrooms x8: Age of the home (years) x9: Number of fireplaces Source: “Prediction, Linear Regression and Minimum Sum of Relative Errors,” by S. C. Narula and J. F. Wellington, Technometrics, 19, 1977. Also see “Letter to the Editor,” Technometrics, 22, 1980.



558



APPENDIX B



TABLE B.5 Run No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27



Belle Ayr Liquefaction Runs y



x1



x2



x3



x4



x5



x6



x7



36.98 13.74 10.08 8.53 36.42 26.59 19.07 5.96 15.52 56.61 26.72 20.80 6.99 45.93 43.09 15.79 21.60 35.19 26.14 8.60 11.63 9.59 4.42 38.89 11.19 75.62 36.03



5.1 26.4 23.8 46.4 7.0 12.6 18.9 30.2 53.8 5.6 15.1 20.3 48.4 5.8 11.2 27.9 5.1 11.7 16.7 24.8 24.9 39.5 29.0 5.5 11.5 5.2 10.6



400 400 400 400 450 450 450 450 450 400 400 400 400 425 425 425 450 450 450 450 450 450 450 460 450 470 470



51.37 72.33 71.44 79.15 80.47 89.90 91.48 98.6 98.05 55.69 66.29 58.94 74.74 63.71 67.14 77.65 67.22 81.48 83.88 89.38 79.77 87.93 79.50 72.73 77.88 75.50 83.15



4.24 30.87 33.01 44.61 33.84 41.26 41.88 70.79 66.82 8.92 17.98 17.79 33.94 11.95 14.73 34.49 14.48 29.69 26.33 37.98 25.66 22.36 21.52 17.86 25.20 8.66 22.39



1484.83 289.94 320.79 164.76 1097.26 605.06 405.37 253.70 142.27 1362.24 507.65 377.60 158.05 130.66 682.59 274.20 1496.51 652.43 458.42 312.25 307.08 193.61 155.96 1392.08 663.09 1464.11 720.07



2227.25 434.90 481.19 247.14 1645.89 907.59 608.05 380.55 213.40 2043.36 761.48 566.40 237.08 1961.49 1023.89 411.30 2244.77 978.64 687.62 468.28 460.62 290.42 233.95 2088.12 994.63 2196.17 1080.11



2.06 1.33 0.97 0.62 0.22 0.76 1.71 3.93 1.97 5.08 0.60 0.90 0.63 2.04 1.57 2.38 0.32 0.44 8.82 0.02 1.72 1.88 1.43 1.35 1.61 4.78 5.88



y: CO2 x1: Space time, min. x2: Temperature, °C x3: Percent solvation x4: Oil yield (g/100 g MAF) x5: Coal total x6: Solvent total x7: Hydrogen consumption Source: “Belle Ayr Liquefaction Runs with Solvent,” Industrial Chemical Process Design Development. 17, No. 3, 1978.



DATA SETS FOR EXERCISES



559



TABLE B.6 Tube-Flow Reactor Data Run No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28



y



x1



x2



x3



x4



0.000450 0.000450 0.000473 0.000507 0.000457 0.000452 0.000453 0.000426 0.001215 0.001256 0.001145 0.001085 0.001066 0.001111 0.001364 0.001254 0.001396 0.001575 0.001615 0.001733 0.002753 0.003186 0.003227 0.003469 0.001911 0.002588 0.002635 0.002725



0.0105 0.0110 0.0106 0.0116 0.0121 0.0123 0.0122 0.0122 0.0123 0.0122 0.0094 0.0100 0.0101 0.0099 0.0110 0.0117 0.0110 0.0104 0.0067 0.0066 0.0044 0.0073 0.0078 0.0067 0.0091 0.0079 0.0068 0.0065



90.9 84.6 88.9 488.7 454.4 439.2 447.1 451.6 487.8 467.6 95.4 87.1 82.7 87.0 516.4 488.0 534.5 542.3 98.8 84.8 69.6 436.9 406.3 447.9 58.5 394.3 461.0 469.2



0.0164 0.0165 0.0164 0.0187 0.0187 0.0187 0.0186 0.0187 0.0192 0.0192 0.0163 0.0162 0.0162 0.0163 0.0190 0.0189 0.0189 0.0189 0.0163 0.0162 0.0163 0.0189 0.0192 0.0192 0.0164 0.0177 0.0174 0.0173



0.0177 0.0172 0.0157 0.0082 0.0070 0.0065 0.0071 0.0062 0.0153 0.0129 0.0354 0.0342 0.0323 0.0337 0.0161 0.0149 0.0163 0.0164 0.0379 0.0360 0.0327 0.0263 0.0200 0.0197 0.0331 0.0674 0.0770 0.0780



y: NbOCl3 concentration (g-mol/l) x1: COCl2 concentration (g-mol/l) x2: Space time (sec) x3: Molar density (g-mol/l) x4: Mole fraction CO2 Source: “Kinetics of Chlorination of Niobium Oxychloride by Phosgene in a Tube-Flow Reactor,” Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Process Design Development, 11, No. 2, 1972.



560



APPENDIX B



TABLE B.7 Pressure (bars) 415 550 415 550 415 550 415 550 415 550 415 550 415 550 415 550



Oil Extraction from Peanuts Data Temp. (°C)



Moisture (% by weight)



Flow Rate (L/min)



Particle Size (mm)



Yield



25 25 95 95 25 25 95 95 25 25 95 95 25 25 95 95



5 5 5 5 15 15 15 15 5 5 5 5 15 15 15 15



40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60



1.28 4.05 4.05 1.28 4.05 1.28 1.28 4.05 4.05 1.28 1.28 4.05 1.28 4.05 4.05 1.28



63 21 36 99 24 66 71 54 23 74 80 33 63 21 44 96



Source: “An Application of Fractional Experimental Designs,” by M. B. Kilgo, Quality Engineering, 1, pp. 19–23.



TABLE B.8 x1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.02



Clathrate Formation Data x2 10 50 85 110 140 170 200 230 260 290 10 30 62 90 150 210 270 10



y 7.5 15 22 28.6 31.6 34 35 35.5 36.5 385 12.3 18 20.8 25.7 32.5 34 35 14.4



x1



x2



y



0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05



30 60 90 120 210 30 60 120 150 20 40 130 190 250 60 90 120 150



19 26.4 28.5 29 35 15.1 26.4 27 29 21 27.3 48.5 50.4 52.5 34.4 46.5 50 51.9



y: Clathrate formation (mass %) x1: Amount of surfactant (mass %) x2: Time (minutes) Source: “Study on a Cool Storage System Using HCFC (Hydro-chloro-fluoro-carbon)-14 lb (1,1-dichloro1-fluoro-ethane) Clathrate,” by T. Tanii, M. Minemoto, K. Nakazawa, and Y. Ando, Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 75, 353–360.



DATA SETS FOR EXERCISES



TABLE B.9 x1 2.14 4.14 8.15 2.14 4.14 8.15 2.14 4.14 8.15 2.14 4.14 8.15 2.14 4.14 8.15 2.14 4.14 8.15 2.14 4.14 8.15 2.14 4.14 8.15 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4



561



Pressure Drop Data x2



x3



x4



y



10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 2.63 2.63 2.63 2.63 2.63 2.63 2.63 2.63 2.63 2.63 2.63 2.63 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 2.63 2.63 2.63 2.63 2.63 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1



034 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34



1 1 1 0.246 0.379 0.474 0.141 0.234 0.311 0.076 0.132 0.184 0.679 0.804 0.89 0.514 0.672 0.801 0.346 0.506 0.669 1 1 1 0.848 0.737 0.651 0.554 0.748 0.682 0.524 0.472 0.398 0.789 0.677 0.59 0.523 0.789 0.677 0.59 0.523 0.741 0.617 0.524 0.457 0.615 0.473 0.381 0.32



28.9 31 26.4 27.2 26.1 23.2 19.7 22.1 22.8 29.2 23.6 23.6 24.2 22.1 20.9 17.6 15.7 15.8 14 17.1 18.3 33.8 31.7 28.1 18.1 16.5 15.4 15 19.1 16.2 16.3 15.8 15.4 19.2 8.4 15 12 21.9 21.3 21.6 19.8 21.6 17.3 20 18.6 22.1 14.7 15.8 13.2 (Continued)



562



APPENDIX B



TABLE B.9 x1 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 2.14 4.14 8.15 2.14 4.14 8.15 2.14 4.14 8.15



(Continued) x2



x3



x4



y



10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112



0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34



0.789 0.677 0.59 0.523 0.68 0.803 0.889 0.514 0.672 0.801 0.306 0.506 0.668



30.8 27.5 25.2 22.8 41.7 33.7 29.7 41.8 37.1 40.1 42.7 48.6 42.4



y: Dimensionless factor for the pressure drop through a bubble cap x1: Superficial fluid velocity of the gas (cm/s) x2: Kinematic viscosity x3: Mesh opening (cm) x4: Dimensionless number relating the superficial fluid velocity of the gas to the superficial fluid velocity of the liquid Source: “A Correlation of Two-Phase Pressure Drops in Screen-plate Bubble Column,” by C. H. Liu, M. Kan, and B. H. Chen, Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 71, 460–463.



DATA SETS FOR EXERCISES



TABLE B.10 x1 0.9189 0.9189 0.9189 0.9189 0.9189 0.9189 0.9189 0.9189 0.9189 0.9189 0.7547 0.7547 0.7547 0.7547 0.7547 0.7547 0.7547 0.7547 0.7547 0.7547 0.5685 0.5685 0.5685 0.5685 0.5685 0.5685 0.5685 0.5685 0.5685 0.5685 0.361 0.361 0.361 0.361 0.361 0.361 0.361 0.361 0.361 0.361



Kinematic Viscosity Data x2 −10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 −10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 −10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 −10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80



y 3.128 2.427 1.94 1.586 1.325 1.126 0.9694 0.8473 0.7481 0.6671 2.27 1.819 1.489 1.246 1.062 0.916 0.8005 0.7091 0.6345 0.5715 1.593 1.324 1.118 0.9576 0.8302 0.7282 0.647 0.5784 0.5219 0.4735 1.161 0.9925 0.8601 0.7523 0.6663 0.594 0.5338 0.4804 0.4361 0.4016



y: Kinematic viscosity (10−6 m2/s). xl: Ratio of 2-methoxyethanol to 1,2-dimethoxyethane (dimensionless). x2: Temperature (°C). Source: “Viscosimetric Studies on 2-Methoxyethanol + 1, 2-Dimethoxyethane Binary Mixtures from −10 to 80°C,” Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 75, 494–501.



563



564



APPENDIX B



TABLE B.11 Wine Quality Data (Found in Minitab) Clarity, x1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.5 0.8 0.7 1 0.9 1 1 1 0.9 0.9 1 0.7 0.7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.8 1 1 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8



Aroma, x2



Body, x3



Flavor, x4



Oakiness, x5



Quality, y



Region



3.3 4.4 3.9 3.9 5.6 4.6 4.8 5.3 4.3 4.3 5.1 3.3 5.9 7.7 7.1 5.5 6.3 5 4.6 3.4 6.4 5.5 4.7 4.1 6 4.3 3.9 5.1 3.9 4.5 5.2 4.2 3.3 6.8 5 3.5 4.3 5.2



2.8 4.9 5.3 2.6 5.1 4.7 4.8 4.5 4.3 3.9 4.3 5.4 5.7 6.6 4.4 5.6 5.4 5.5 4.1 5 5.4 5.3 4.1 4 5.4 4.6 4 4.9 4.4 3.7 4.3 3.8 3.5 5 5.7 4.7 5.5 4.8



3.1 3.5 4.8 3.1 5.5 5 4.8 4.3 3.9 4.7 4.5 4.3 7 6.7 5.8 5.6 4.8 5.5 4.3 3.4 6.6 5.3 5 4.1 5.7 4.7 5.1 5 5 2.9 5 3 4.3 6 5.5 4.2 3.5 5.7



4.1 3.9 4.7 3.6 5.1 4.1 3.3 5.2 2.9 3.9 3.6 3.6 4.1 3.7 4.1 4.4 4.6 4.1 3.1 3.4 4.8 3.8 3.7 4 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.1 4.4 3.9 6 4.7 4.5 5.2 4.8 3.3 5.8 3.5



9.8 12.6 11.9 11.1 13.3 12.8 12.8 12 13.6 13.9 14.4 12.3 16.1 16.1 15.5 15.5 13.8 13.8 11.3 7.9 15.1 13.5 10.8 9.5 12.7 11.6 11.7 11.9 10.8 8.5 10.7 9.1 12.1 14.9 13.5 12.2 10.3 13.2



1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 2 3 3 2 2 3 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 3 1 1 1 1



The wine type here is Pinot Noir. Region refers to distinct geographic regions.



DATA SETS FOR EXERCISES



565



TABLE B.12



Heat Treating Data



Temp



Soaktime



Soakpct



Difftime



Diffpct



Pitch



1650 1650 1650 1650 1600 1600 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650 1650 1700 1650 1650 1700 1700



0.58 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.66 1.00 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.20 2.00 2.00 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.33 4.00 4.00 4.00 12.50 18.50



1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.15 1.15 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.15 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.15 1.10 1.10 1.15 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.15 1.00 1.00



0.25 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.50 0.58 0.58 0.58 0.58 0.58 0.58 1.10 1.00 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.66 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50



0.90 0.90 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.00 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.80 0.70 0.75 0.85 0.80 0.70 0.70 0.85 0.70 0.70



0.013 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.014 0.021 0.018 0.019 0.021 0.019 0.021 0.025 0.025 0.026 0.024 0.025 0.024 0.025 0.027 0.026 0.029 0.030 0.028 0.032 0.033 0.039 0.040 0.035 0.056 0.068



y = PITCH: Results of the pitch carbon analysis test TEMP: Furnace temperature SOAKTIME: Duration of the carburizing cycle SOAKPCT: Carbon concentration DIFFTIME: Duration of the diffuse cycle DIFFPCT: Carbon concentration of the diffuse cycle



566



APPENDIX B



TABLE B.13



Jet Turbine Engine Thrust Data



Observation Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40



y



x1



x2



x3



x4



x5



x6



4540 4315 4095 3650 3200 4833 4617 4340 3820 3368 4445 4188 3981 3622 3125 4560 4340 4115 3630 3210 4330 4119 3891 3467 3045 4411 4203 3968 3531 3074 4350 4128 3940 3480 3064 4402 4180 3973 3530 3080



2140 2016 1905 1675 1474 2239 2120 1990 1702 1487 2107 1973 1864 1674 1440 2165 2048 1916 1658 1489 2062 1929 1815 1595 1400 2047 1935 1807 1591 1388 2071 1944 1831 1612 1410 2066 1954 1835 1616 1407



20640 20280 19860 18980 18100 20740 20305 19961 18916 18012 20520 20130 19780 19020 18030 20680 20340 19860 18950 18700 20500 20050 19680 18890 17870 20540 20160 19750 18890 17870 20460 20010 19640 18710 17780 20520 20150 19750 18850 17910



30250 30010 29780 29330 28960 30083 29831 29604 29088 28675 30120 29920 29720 29370 28940 30160 29960 29710 29250 28890 30190 29960 29770 29360 28960 30160 29940 29760 29350 28910 30180 29940 29750 29360 28900 30170 29950 29740 29320 28910



205 195 184 164 144 216 206 196 171 149 195 190 180 161 139 208 199 187 164 145 193 183 173 153 134 193 184 173 153 133 198 186 178 156 136 197 188 178 156 137



1732 1697 1662 1598 1541 1709 1669 1640 1572 1522 1740 1711 1682 1630 1572 1704 1679 1642 1576 1528 1748 1713 1684 1624 1569 1746 1714 1679 1621 1561 1729 1692 1667 1609 1552 1758 1729 1690 1616 1569



99 100 97 97 97 87 87 87 85 85 101 100 100 100 101 98 96 94 94 94 101 100 100 99 100 99 99 99 99 99 102 101 101 101 101 100 99 99 99 100



y: Thrust x1: Primary speed of rotation x2: Secondary speed of rotation x3: Fuel flow rate x4: Pressure x5: Exhaust temperature x6: Ambient temperature at time of test



DATA SETS FOR EXERCISES



TABLE B.14



567



Electronic Inverter Data



Observation Number



x1



x2



x3



x4



x5



y



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25



3 8 3 4 8 10 8 6 4 16 3 8 3 3 4 5 2 10 15 15 10 3 6 2 3



3 30 6 4 7 20 6 24 10 12 10 3 6 8 8 2 2 15 6 6 4 8 6 3 3



3 8 6 4 6 5 3 4 12 8 8 3 3 8 4 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 6 8 8



3 8 6 12 5 5 3 4 4 4 8 3 3 3 8 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 4 6 8



0 0 0 0 0 0 25 25 25 25 25 25 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 75 75 75 75 75 75



0.787 0.293 1.710 0.203 0.806 4.713 0.607 9.107 9.210 1.365 4.554 0.293 2.252 9.167 0.694 0.379 0.485 3.345 0.208 0.201 0.329 4.966 1.362 1.515 0.751



y: Transient point (volts) of PMOS-NMOS inverters x1: Width of the NMOS device x2: Length of the NMOS device x3: Width of the PMOS device x4: Length of the PMOS device



TABLE B.15 Air Pollution and Mortality Data City



Mort



Precip



Educ



Nonwhite



Nox



SO2



San Jose, CA Wichita, KS San Diego, CA Lancaster, PA Minneapolis, MN Dallas, TX Miami, FL Los Angeles, CA Grand Rapids, MI Denver, CO Rochester, NY Hartford, CT Fort Worth, TX



790.73 823.76 839.71 844.05 857.62 860.10 861.44 861.83 871.34 871.77 874.28 887.47 891.71



13.00 28.00 10.00 43.00 25.00 35.00 60.00 11.00 31.00 15.00 32.00 43.00 31.00



12.20 12.10 12.10 9.50 12.10 11.80 11.50 12.10 10.90 12.20 11.10 11.50 11.40



3.00 7.50 5.90 2.90 3.00 14.80 11.50 7.80 5.10 4.70 5.00 7.20 11.50



32.00 2.00 66.00 7.00 11.00 1.00 1.00 319.00 3.00 8.00 4.00 3.00 1.00



3.00 1.00 20.00 32.00 26.00 1.00 1.00 130.00 10.00 28.00 18.00 10.00 1.00



(Continued)



568



APPENDIX B



TABLE B.15



(Continued)



City Portland, OR Worcester, MA Seattle, WA Bridgeport, CT Springfield, MA San Francisco, CA York, PA Utica, NY Canton, OH Kansas City, MO Akron, OH New Haven, CT Milwasukee, WI Boston, MA Dayton, OH Providence, RI Flint, MI Reading, PA Syracuse, NY Houston, TX Saint Louis, MO Youngstown, OH Columbus, OH Detroit, MI Nashville, TN Allentown, PA Washington, DC Indianapolis, IN Cincinnati, OH Greensboro, NC Toledo, OH Atlanta, GA Cleveland, OH Louisville, KY Pittsburgh, PA New York, NY Albany, NY Buffalo, NY Wilmington, DE Memphis, TE Philadelphia, PA Chattanooga, TN Chicago, IL Richmond, VA Birmingham, AL Baltimore, MD New Orleans, LA



Mort



Precip



Educ



Nonwhite



Nox



SO2



893.99 895.70 899.26 899.53 904.16 911.70 911.82 912.20 912.35 919.73 921.87 923.23 929.15 934.70 936.23 938.50 941.18 946.18 950.67 952.53 953.56 954.44 958.84 959.22 961.01 962.35 967.80 968.66 970.47 971.12 972.46 982.29 985.95 989.27 991.29 994.65 997.88 1001.90 1003.50 1006.49 1015.02 1017.61 1024.89 1025.50 1030.38 1071.29 1113.06



37.00 45.00 35.00 45.00 45.00 18.00 42.00 40.00 36.00 35.00 36.00 46.00 30.00 43.00 36.00 42.00 30.00 41.00 38.00 46.00 34.00 38.00 37.00 31.00 45.00 44.00 41.00 39.00 40.00 42.00 31.00 47.00 35.00 30.00 36.00 42.00 35.00 36.00 45.00 50.00 42.00 52.00 33.00 44.00 53.00 43.00 54.00



12.00 11.10 12.20 10.60 11.10 12.20 9.00 10.30 10.70 12.00 11.40 11.30 11.10 12.10 11.40 10.10 10.80 9.60 11.40 11.40 9.70 10.70 11.90 10.80 10.10 9.80 12.30 11.40 10.20 10.40 10.70 11.10 11.10 9.90 10.60 10.70 11.00 10.50 11.30 10.40 10.50 9.60 10.90 11.00 10.20 9.60 9.70



3.60 1.00 5.70 5.30 3.40 13.70 4.80 2.50 6.70 12.60 8.80 8.80 5.80 3.50 12.40 2.20 13.10 2.70 3.80 21.00 17.20 11.70 13.10 15.80 21.00 0.80 25.90 15.60 13.00 22.70 9.50 27.10 14.70 13.10 8.10 11.30 3.50 8.10 12.10 36.70 17.50 22.20 16.30 28.60 38.50 24.40 31.40



21.00 3.00 7.00 4.00 4.00 171.00 8.00 2.00 7.00 4.00 15.00 3.00 23.00 32.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 11.00 5.00 5.00 15.00 13.00 9.00 35.00 14.00 6.00 28.00 7.00 26.00 3.00 7.00 8.00 21.00 37.00 59.00 26.00 10.00 12.00 11.00 18.00 32.00 8.00 63.00 9.00 32.00 38.00 17.00



44.00 8.00 20.00 4.00 20.00 86.00 49.00 11.00 20.00 4.00 59.00 8.00 125.00 62.00 16.00 18.00 11.00 89.00 25.00 1.00 68.00 39.00 15.00 124.00 78.00 33.00 102.00 33.00 146.00 5.00 25.00 24.00 64.00 193.00 263.00 108.00 39.00 37.00 42.00 34.00 161.00 27.00 278.00 48.00 72.00 206.00 1.00



DATA SETS FOR EXERCISES



TABLE B.16



569



Life Expectancy Data



Country Argentina Bangladesh Brazil Canada China Colombia Egypt Ethiopia France Germany India Indonesia Iran Italy Japan Kenya Korea, North Korea, South Mexico Morocco Burma Pakistan Peru Philippines Poland Romania Russia South Africa Spain Sudan Taiwan Thailand Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom United States Venezuela Vietnam



LifeExp



Peopleper-TV



People-per-Dr



LifeExpMale



LifeExpFemale



70.5 53.5 65 76.5 70 71 60.5 51.5 78 76 57.5 61 64.5 78.5 79 61 70 70 72 64.5 54.5 56.5 64.5 64.5 73 72 69 64 78.5 53 75 68.5 70 70.5 76 75.5 74.5 65



4 315 4 1.7 8 5.6 15 503 2.6 2.6 44 24 23 3.8 1.8 96 90 4.9 6.6 21 592 73 14 8.8 3.9 6 3.2 11 2.6 23 3.2 11 5 3 3 1.3 5.6 29



370 6,166 684 449 643 1,551 616 36,660 403 346 2,471 7,427 2,992 233 609 7,615 370 1,066 600 4,873 3,485 2,364 1,016 1,062 480 559 259 1,340 275 12,550 965 4,883 1,189 226 611 404 576 3,096



74 53 68 80 72 74 61 53 82 79 58 63 65 82 82 63 73 73 76 66 56 57 67 67 77 75 74 67 82 54 78 73 72 75 79 79 78 67



67 54 62 73 68 68 60 50 74 73 57 59 64 75 76 59 67 67 68 63 53 56 62 62 69 69 64 61 75 52 72 66 68 66 73 72 71 63



570



APPENDIX B



Table B.17 Satisfaction 68 77 96 80 43 44 26 88 75 57 56 88 88 102 88 70 82 43 46 56 59 26 52 83 75



Patient Satisfaction Data Age



Severity



Surgical-Medical



Anxiety



55 46 30 35 59 61 74 38 27 51 53 41 37 24 42 50 58 60 62 68 70 79 63 39 49



50 24 46 48 58 60 65 42 42 50 38 30 31 34 30 48 61 71 62 38 41 66 31 42 40



0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1



2.1 2.8 3.3 4.5 2 5.1 5.5 3.2 3.1 2.4 2.2 2.1 1.9 3.1 3 4.2 4.6 5.3 7.2 7.8 7 6.2 4.1 3.5 2.1



DATA SETS FOR EXERCISES



TABLE B.18



571



Fuel Consumption Data



y



x1



x2



x3



x4



x5



x6



x7



x8



343 356 344 356 352 361 372 355 375 359 364 357 368 360 372 352



0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1



52.8 52.8 50.0 50.0 47.2 47.2 47.0 47.0 48.3 48.3 44.7 44.7 55.7 55.7 52.8 52.8



811.7 811.7 821.3 821.3 832.0 832.0 831.3 831.3 836.8 836.8 808.3 808.3 808.7 808.7 813.2 813.2



2.11 2.11 2.11 2.11 2.09 2.09 2.26 2.26 2.47 2.47 1.41 1.41 1.44 1.44 1.96 1.96



220 220 223 223 221 221 190 190 180 180 180 180 176 176 175 175



261 261 260 260 261 261 323 323 364 364 300 300 299 299 301 301



87 87 87 87 92 92 75 75 71 71 64 64 64 64 75 75



1.8 1.8 16.6 16.6 23.0 23.0 25.1 25.1 26.1 26.1 20.0 20.0 20.5 20.5 17.3 17.3



y: fuel consumption (g/km) x1: vehicle (0—bus, 1—truck) x2: cetane number x3: density (g/L, 15°C) x4: viscosity (KV, 40°C) x5: initial boiling point (degrees C) x6: final boiling point (degrees C) x7: flash point (degrees C) x8: total aromatics (percent) Source: “A Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Fuel-Related Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emissions from Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles,” by R. Westerholm and H. Li, Environmental Science and Technology, 28, 965–972.



572



APPENDIX B



TABLE B.19 Wine Quality of Young Red Wines y



x1



x2



x3



x4



x5



x6



x7



x8



x9



x10



19.2 18.3 17.1 17.3 16.8 16.5 15.8 15.2 15.2 14.0 14.0 13.8 13.6 12.8 18.5 17.3 16.3 16.3 16.0 16.0 15.7 15.5 15.3 15.3 14.8 14.3 14.3 14.2 14.0 13.8 12.5 11.5



0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1



3.85 3.73 3.88 3.86 3.98 3.85 3.93 3.66 3.91 3.47 3.91 3.75 3.90 3.92 3.87 3.97 3.76 3.76 3.98 3.88 3.75 3.98 3.69 3.77 3.74 3.76 3.91 3.60 3.76 3.90 3.80 3.65



66 79 73 99 75 61 66 86 78 178 81 108 92 96 89 59 22 77 58 85 120 94 122 144 10 100 73 301 104 67 89 192



9.35 11.15 9.40 12.85 8.55 10.30 4.90 6.40 5.80 3.60 3.90 5.80 5.40 5.00 9.15 10.25 8.20 8.35 10.15 6.85 8.80 5.45 8.00 5.60 7.90 5.55 4.65 4.25 8.70 7.40 5.35 6.35



5.65 6.95 5.75 7.70 5.05 6.20 2.75 4.00 3.30 2.25 2.15 3.20 2.85 2.70 5.60 6.10 5.00 5.05 6.00 4.10 5.50 3.05 5.05 3.35 4.75 3.25 2.70 2.40 5.10 4.40 3.15 3.90



2.40 3.15 2.10 3.90 2.05 2.50 1.20 1.50 1.40 0.75 1.00 1.60 1.55 1.40 1.95 2.40 1.85 1.90 2.60 1.50 1.85 1.50 1.90 1.10 1.95 1.15 0.95 1.25 2.25 1.60 1.20 1.25



3.25 3.80 3.65 3.80 3.00 3.70 1.55 2.50 1.90 1.50 1.15 1.60 1.30 1.30 3.65 3.70 3.15 3.15 3.40 2.60 3.65 1.55 3.15 2.25 2.80 2.10 1.75 1.15 2.85 2.80 1.95 2.65



0.33 0.36 0.40 0.35 0.49 0.38 0.29 0.27 0.40 0.37 0.32 0.38 0.44 0.35 0.46 0.40 0.25 0.37 0.38 0.33 0.39 0.41 0.27 0.36 0.25 0.34 0.36 0.42 0.34 0.45 0.32 0.63



19 21 18 22 12 20 11 19 9 8 7 8 6 7 16 19 25 17 18 16 19 8 23 12 23 12 10 6 17 13 12 8



0.065 0.076 0.073 0.076 0.060 0.074 0.031 0.050 0.038 0.030 0.023 0.032 0.026 0.026 0.073 0.074 0.063 0.063 0.068 0.052 0.073 0.031 0.063 0.045 0.056 0.042 0.035 0.023 0.057 0.056 0.039 0.053



y: quality rating (20 maximum) x1: wine varietal (0—Cabernet Sauvignon, 1—Shiraz) x2: pH x3: Total SO2 (ppm) x4: color density x5: wine color x6: polymeric pigment color x7: anthocyanin color x8: total anthocyanins (g/L) x9: degree of ionization of anthocyanins (percent) x10: ionized anthocyanins (percent) Source: “Wine Quality: Correlations with Colour Density and Anthocyanin Equilibria in a Group of Young Red Wines,” by T. C. Somers and M. E. Evans, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 25, 1369–1379.



DATA SETS FOR EXERCISES



TABLE B.20



573



Methanol Oxidation in Supercritical Water



x1



x2



x3



x4



x5



y



0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1



454 474 524 503 493 493 493 493 493 493 493 493 530 522 522 503 453 483



8.8 8.2 7.0 7.4 7.6 7.6 7.5 7.6 7.4 7.4 7.5 7.5 6.7 6.9 6.9 7.3 8.7 7.7



3.90 3.68 2.78 2.27 2.40 1.28 5.68 4.65 3.30 2.52 2.44 2.47 1.97 2.03 2.05 2.16 2.76 2.42



1.30 1.16 1.25 1.57 1.55 2.71 0.54 0.74 1.01 1.12 0.86 0.45 1.74 0.94 0.93 0.94 0.90 0.91



1.1 4.2 94.2 20.7 15.7 15.9 14.7 10.8 9.6 12.7 7.1 9.0 96.0 78.4 78.3 71.4 0.5 3.1



x1: reactor system x2: temperature (degrees C) x3: reactor residence time (seconds) x4: inlet concentration of methanol x5: ratio of inlet oxygen to inlet methanol y: percent conversion Source: “Revised Global Kinetic Measurements of Methanol Oxidation in Supercritical Water,” by J. W. Tester, P. A. Webley, and H. R. Holgate, Industrial and Engineering Chemical Research, 32, 236–239.



TABLE B.21



Hald Cement Data Observation



i 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13



yi



xi1



xi2



xi3



xi4



78.5 74.3 104.3 87.6 95.9 109.2 102.7 72.5 93.1 115.9 83.8 113.3 109.4



7 1 11 11 7 11 3 1 2 21 1 11 10



26 29 56 31 52 55 71 31 54 47 40 66 68



6 15 8 8 6 9 17 22 18 4 23 9 8



60 52 20 47 33 22 6 44 22 26 34 12 12



Source: Hald, A. [1952], Statistical Theory with Engineering Applications, Wiley, New York.