Tuttle Pocket Japanese Dictionary: Japanese-English English-Japanese Completely Revised and Updated Second Edition 9781462910922 [PDF]

Table of contents :
Frontcover
Copyright
CONTENTS
PART I: JAPANESE – ENGLISH
PART II: ENGLISH – JAPANESE
Other Ebooks
Backcover

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Tuttle



Pocket Japanese Dictionary Japanese-English English-Japanese



Samuel E. Martin Revised and Updated by Sayaka Khan & Fred Perry



T UT T L E Publishing Tokyo Rutland, Vermont Singapore



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Published by Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd. www.tuttlepublishing.com © 2011 by Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd This revised edition © 2011 by Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without prior written permission from the publisher. ISBN: 978-1-4629-1092-2 (ebook)



Distributed by: North America, Latin America, and Europe Tuttle Publishing 364 Innovation Drive, North Clarendon, VT 05759-9436 USA. Tel: 1 (802) 773-8930; Fax: 1 (802) 773-6993 [email protected] www.tuttlepublishing.com Asia Pacific Berkeley Books Pte. Ltd. 61 Tai Seng Avenue #02-12 Singapore 534167 Tel: (65) 6280-1330; Fax: (65) 6280-6290 [email protected] www.periplus.com 15 14 13 12 11



Japan Tuttle Publishing Yaekari Bldg., 3rd Floor, 5-4-12 Osaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0032 Tel: (81) 3 5437-0171 Fax: (81) 3 5437-0755 sales@ tuttle.co.jp www.tuttle.co.jp



6 5 4 3 2 1



1110MP



Printed in Hong Kong TUTTLE PUBLISHING® is a registered trademark of Tuttle Publishing, a division of Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd.



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CONTENTS Japanese–English ..................................................... 1 English–Japanese ................................................. 333



Samuel E. Martin is the author of numerous books and papers on Japanese and Korean, including the definitive A Reference Grammar of Japanese and A Reference Grammar of Korean. Sayaka Khan has a BSC (Biology, 2000) from Waseda University. She has worked as a translator and interpreter for companies in various industries, such as patent offices, science think tank, pharmaceutical firm, film production, game company, etc. She has established a translation corporation with her husband, Afaque Khan. Fred Perry has a BA (History, 1956) from Yale University as well as an MBA from St Sophia University, Tokyo (1984). He arrived in Japan in 1956, and continues to live there today. He has worked as a market researcher and consultant. Traveling throughout Japan as part of his job has provided the opportunity to learn about the local dialects spoken in different parts of the country.



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The Tuttle Story: “Books to Span the East and West” Most people are surprised to learn that the world’s largest publisher of books on Asia had its beginnings in the tiny American state of Vermont. The company’s founder, Charles E. Tuttle, belonged to a New England family steeped in publishing. And his first love was naturally books—especially old and rare editions. Immediately after WW II, serving in Tokyo under General Douglas MacArthur, Tuttle was tasked with reviving the Japanese publishing industry, and founded the Charles E. Tuttle Publishing Company, which thrives today as one of the world’s leading independent publishers. Though a westerner, Charles was hugely instrumental in bringing knowledge of Japan and Asia to a world hungry for information about the East. By the time of his death in 1993, Tuttle had published over 6,000 books on Asian culture, history and art—a legacy honored by the Japanese emperor with the “Order of the Sacred Treasure,” the highest tribute Japan can bestow upon a non-Japanese. With a backlist of 1,500 titles, Tuttle Publishing is more active today than at any time in its past—inspired by Charles’ core mission to publish fine books to span the East and West and provide a greater understanding of each.



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PART I JAPANESE – ENGLISH



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JAPANESE–ENGLISH



aenai



A ā 1. adv ࠵࠵ like that, that way 2. interj ࠵࠵ oh; yes 3. interj ࠵ ࠵ hello (on encountering someone) á interj ࠵ࡖ oh! abakimásu, abaku v ᬸࡀࡱࡌ, ᬸࡂ



discloses abara-ya n ࠵ࡣࡼᒁ hovel abaremásu, abareru v ᬸࡿࡱࡌ, ᬸࡿࡾ rages, storms, rampages abare-mono n ᬸࡿ⩽ ruffian,



āchi(-gata) n ࢓࣭ࢲᙟ arch (= yumi-gata ᘢᙟ ācherii n ࢓࣭ࢲ࣭࢘ࣛ archery achí-kochi adv ࠵ࡔࡆࡔ here and there (= achíra-kóchira ࠵ࡔࡼ ࡆࡔࡼ) achira pron ࠵ࡔࡼ 1. that one (of



two) over there, the other one (over there) 2. over there, yonder 3. he/him, she/her, they/them achira-gawa n ࠵ࡔࡼഁ that (his/ roughneck, wild person abékku n ࢓࣊ࢴࢠ young unmar- her/their) side, other side ada adj ࠵ࡓ meaningless ried couple abekobe n ࠵࡬ࡆ࡬ upside down ada n ௏ [BOOKISH] disservice, abimásu, abiru v ᾆࡦࡱࡌ, ᾆࡦࡾ foe: ~ o uchimásu ௏ࢅゞࡔࡱࡌ bathes oneself in; douses, showers avenges, revenges abisemásu, abiseru v ᾆࡦࡎࡱࡌ, adana n ࠵ࡓྞ nickname ᾆࡦࡎࡾ pours on, showers adaputā n ࢓ࢱࣈࢰ࣭ (electrical) abuku n ࠵ࡩࡂ bubble; abuku-zéni adapter adéyaka adj Ⰷࡷ࠾ gorgeous, n ࠵ࡩࡂ㖱 easy money abunaí adj ༱࡝࠷ dangerous (= fascinatingly elegant kiken (na) ༱㝜࡝ ), Watch out! adobáisu n ࢓ࢺࣁ࢕ࢪ advice abunakkashii adj ༱࡝ࡖ࠾ࡊ࠷ is adokenai adj ࠵࡜ࡄ࡝࠷ innocent, insecure, unsteady childlike; adokenai kao n ࠵࡜ࡄ abunōmaru adj ࢓ࣇࢿ࣭࣏ࣜ ࡝࠷㢞 an innocent face adoresu n ࢓ࢺࣝࢪ address: abnormal abura n ἔ oil, grease mëru-~ ࣒࣭ࣜ࢓ࢺࣝࢪ e-mail abura n ⬙ fat (= shibø ⬙⫣) address aburá(á)ge n ἔᥥࡅ deep-fried adoribu n ࢓ࢺࣛࣇ ad-lib bean curd aegimásu, aégu v ႉࡁࡱࡌ, ႉࡃ aburakkói adj ἔࡖࡆ࠷ oily, greasy gasps, pants (for breath) aburakkói adj ⬙ࡖࡆ࠷ fatty aemásu, aéru v ࿰࠻ࡱࡌ, ࿰࠻ࡾ aburimásu, abúru v ⅕ࡽࡱࡌ, ⅕ࡾ dresses (vegetables, etc.) aenai adj ᩊ࠻࡝࠷ tragic, sad: grills 3



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áete



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



aénaku mo ᩊ࠻࡝ࡂࡵ tragically



fries; raises enough ago n ࠵ࡇ࣬㢙 jaw, chin; ago-hige áete v ᩊ࠻࡙ áete … (shimásu) n ࠵ࡇࡥࡅ beard, goatee, (chin-) ᩊ࠻࡙…ࡊࡱࡌ dares (to do) whiskers afuremásu, afuréru v ‼ࡿࡱࡌ, ‼ࡿ agura n ࠵ࡃࡼ sitting cross-legged ࡾ overflows áhen n ࢓ࣉࣤ࣬㜷∞ opium Afurika n ࢓ࣆࣛ࢜ Africa; Afurika- ahiru n ࢓ࣃࣜ duck (tame) jin n ࢓ࣆࣛ࢜ெ an African aho, ahō n ࠵࡮࠹ ࣬㜷࿄ fool afutā-sābisu n ࢓ࣆࢰ࣭ࢦ࣭ࣄࢪ ái n យ love (= aijø យ᝗) service (maintenance and repair), ái n ⸓ Japanese indigo plant; ái zome n ⸓᯹ࡴ Japanese indigo dye servicing agakimásu, agaku v ㊂ᥑࡀࡱࡌ, ㊂ aibikí n ㏺ᘤ secret rendezvous ᥑࡂ struggles aibō n ┞Ფ partner agaméru v ᓤࡴࡾ worships, adores, áibu n យ᧑ caress respects: kami o ~ ♼ࢅᓤࡴࡱࡌ aichaku n យ╌ affection aida n, prep, adv 㛣 interval, worships [adores] God agarí n, adj ୕࠿ࡽ finishing, space, between; while aidagara n 㛣ᯮ relationship (resulting) finish agarimásu, agaru v ୕࠿ࡽࡱࡌ, ୕ (between people) ࠿ࡾ 1. goes up, rises 2. feels aidéa n ࢓࢕ࢸ࢓ idea aidoku n យㄖ reading with pleasure self-conscious, nervous; gets áidoru n ࢓࢕ࢺࣜ idol stage fright agari-guchi, agari-kuchi n ୕ࡽཾ the aigo n យ㆜ [BOOKISH] protection ai-hanshimásu, ai-hansuru v ┞ཬࡊ entrance …-ágari (no) adj …୕࠿ࡽࡡ ࡱࡌ, ┞ཬࡌࡾ conflicts aiirenai adj ┞ᐖࡿ࡝࠷ exclusive, fresh from …, right after …: yami ~ no hitó ⑋ࡲ୕࠿ࡽࡡெ a incompatible, irreconcilable ai-jin n យெ mistress person just out of sickbed age-ashi n ᥥࡅ㊂ fault finding aijō n យ᝗ affection, love (= ai យ ageku n ᣪྀ negative outcome; aikawarazu adv ┞ንࢂࡼࡍ as ageku no hate ᣪྀࡡᯕ࡙ in the end usual/ever/always: ~ génki desu agemásu, agerú v 1. ࠵ࡅࡱࡌ, ࠵ࡅ ┞ንࢂࡼࡍඔẴ࡚ࡌ stays well ࡾ gives 2. ...-te agerú ...࡙࠵ࡅ (as always) ࡾ does someone’s favor aikí-dō n ྙẴ㐠 aikido, an art of agemásu, agerú v ୕ࡅࡱࡌ, ୕ࡅࡾ weaponless defense áiko n ࠵࠷ࡆo-aikó ࠽࠵࠷ࡆ raises up agemásu, agerú v ᥥࡅࡱࡌ, ᥥࡅࡾ tie (in sports, games), stalemate 4



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JAPANESE–ENGLISH



áizu



aikō-ka n យይᐓ lover (devotee



aishō n យ⛘ nickname of …) aishō n ┞ᛮ compatibility, conaikoku-shin n យᅗᚨ patriotism geniality: ~ ga/no íi ┞ᛮ࠿ࡡ࠷ aikotoba n ྙ࠷ゕⴝ password, ࠷ congenial, compatible aisó, aisō n ࠵࠷ࡐ࠹ ࣬យ᝷ shibboleth [INFORMAL talk] aikyō n យ▱>យᩏ@ charm, attrac- 1. aisó (aisø) ga/no íi ࠵࠷ࡐ࠹ >យ᝷@࠿ࡡ࠷࠷ is amiable, tiveness: ~ ga arimásu យ▱>យ ᩏ@࠿࠵ࡽࡱࡌ is nice, attractive, sociable, agreeable 2. o-aiso, o-aisø ࠽យ᝷ (restaurant) bill, charming aima n ྙ㛣 spare time check; incense aimai (na) adj ᭍ᫍ࡝ vague aisu… prefix ࢓࢕ࢪ iced…; aimasu, áu v ఌ࠷ࡱࡌ, ఌ࠹: … aisu-kōhii n ࢓࢕ࢪࢤ࣭ࣃ࣭ iced ni ~ …࡞ఌ࠷ࡱࡌ meets; sees coffee; aisu-kuríimu n ࢓࢕ࢪࢠࣛ ࣭࣑ ice cream; aisu-tii n ࢓࢕ࢪ (a person) aimasu, áu v ྙ࠷ࡱࡌ, ྙ࠹: … ࢷ࢔࣭ iced tea ni ~ …࡞ྙ࠷ࡱࡌ matches aite n ┞ᡥ o-aite ࠽┞ᡥ the with: kuchi ni ~ ཾ࡞ྙ࠷ࡱࡌ other fellow; companion, partner; suits one’s taste; (…ni) ma ni ~ adversary, opponent …࡞ 㛣࡞ྙ࠷ࡱࡌ is in time aitō n ဖᝒ condolence: mourning: fukai ~ ῕࠷ဖᝒ deep mourning (for …) …-aimasu, -au/-áu …ྙ࠷ࡱࡌ, ྙ࠹ aitsu pron ࠵࠷ࡗ that guy, that [VERB INFINITIVE +] (to) each other creep; aitsú-ra pron ࠵࠷ࡗࡼ ainiku adv ࠵࠷࡞ࡂ unfortunately those damn ones ainiku (na) adj ࠵࠷࡞ࡂ࡝ regret- aitsúide adv ┞ḗ࠷࡚ one after



table



another



ainoko n ࠵࠷ࡡᏄ person of mixed aitii (IT) n IT࢓࢕ࢷ࢔࣭ informa-



race [IN NEGATIVE SENSE]



tion technology (computer)



ainorí n ┞஋ࡽ ride together ainote n ࠵࠷ࡡᡥ short interlude airashii adj យࡼࡊ࠷ lovely, sweet airon n ࢓࢕ࣞࣤ iron(ing) Airurándo n ࢓࢕ࣜࣚࣤࢺ Ireland áisatsu n ᣭᣔ [HONORIFIC] go-~ ࡇᣭᣔ greeting: (…) ni ~ shimásu … ࡞ᣭᣔࡊࡱࡌ greets ai-shimásu, ai-súru v យࡊࡱࡌ, យࡌ ࡾ = ai-su យࡌ loves



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āiu adj ࠵࠵࠷࠹ ... that kind/sort of ... (= anna ࠵ࢆ࡝, åyü ࠵࠵ ࡹ࠹) aiuchí n ┞ᡬࡔ hitting/killing each other at the same time: ~ ni narimásu ┞ᡬࡔ࡞࡝ࡽࡱࡌ hits/kills



each other at the same time aiúeo n ࠵࠷࠹࠻࠽ the Japanese



syllabary áizu n ྙᅒ signal, sign



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aizúchi



aizúchi n ┞ᵌ give responses: ~ o uchimásu ┞ᵌࢅᡬࡔࡱࡌ gives



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



ࡱ࡝࡞ frank(ly), plain(ly),



open(ly) [IN NEGATIVE SENSE] responses to make the conversa- akari n ᪺࠾ࡽ light, lamp akarui adj ᪺ࡾ࠷ bright, light, tion go smoothly ají n ࿝ taste; flavor, seasoning: clear, gay, cheerful ~ ga shimásu ࿝࠿ࡊࡱࡌ it tastes akarumi n ᪺ࡾࡲ a light place; the (has flavor); ~ ga usuidesu ࿝࠿ (open/bright) light: ~ ni demásu ⷟࠷࡚ࡌ is bland: ~ o oboemásu ᪺ࡾࡲ࡞ฝࡱࡌ surfaces, is ࿝ࢅつ࠻ࡱࡌ acquires a taste for brought to light áji n ࢓ࢩ࣬㪓 horse mackerel, akéba v 㛜ࡄࡣ (if it comes open) ākēdo n ࢓࣭ࢢ࣭ࢺ arcade, roofed saurel Ájia n ࢓ࢩ࢓ Asia; Ajiá-jin n ࢓ࢩ passageway, shopping arcade ࢓ெ an Asian akegata n, adv ᪺ࡄ᪁ daybreak, ajike-nái adj ࿝Ẵ࡝࠷ insipid, dawn akemáshite o-medetō (gozaimásu flavorless, flat ajiwaimásu, ajiwáu v ࿝ࢂ࠷ࡱࡌ, [HONORIFIC]) interj ᪺ࡄࡱࡊ࡙࠽ ࿝ࢂ࠹ tastes it ࡴ࡚࡛࠹ࡇࡉ࠷ࡱࡌ Happy áka n ㉝ red (color); aka-bō n ㉝ᖐ New Year! redcap, porter; áka-chan n ㉝ࡔࡶࢆ akemásu, akeru v 㛜ࡄࡱࡌ, 㛜ࡄࡾ ࣬࠵࠾ࡔࡶࢆ baby; aká-gai n opens it ㉝ㇽ ark shell, blood(y) clam; akemásu, akeru v ✭ࡄࡱࡌ, ✭ࡄࡾ akai adj ㉝࠷ red; aka-jí n ㉝Ꮚ leaves empty, vacates akemásu, akeru v ᪺ࡄࡱࡌ, ᪺ࡄࡾ red letters, deficit figures: ~ ni narimásu ㉝Ꮚ࡞࡝ࡽࡱࡌ goes/ it opens up, (the day/year) begins gets in the red; aka-mi n ㉝㌗ lean áki n ⚽ autumn, fall; aki-same n ⚽㞭 autumn rain (meat/fish); unfatty (red) tuna; aka-shíngo n ㉝ಘྒ red light akí- prefix ✭ࡀ empty, vacant; akibako n ✭ࡀ⟵ empty box; aki-beya (signal) aká n ࠵࠾࣬ᇃ dirt, grime n ✭ࡀ㒂ᒁ empty room; aki-kan akádemii n ࢓࢜ࢸ࣐࣭ academy n ✭ࡀ⧹ empty can; aki-shitsu n akademíkku n ࢓࢜ࢸ࣐ࢴࢠ academic ✭ࡀᐄ empty room/office; aki-ya aka-gane n ࠵࠾࠿ࡠ࣬㖙 copper n ✭ࡀᐓ vacant/empty house; áka-no-tanin n ㉝ࡡ௙ெ complete aki-su n ࠵ࡀᕛ≲࠷࣬✭ࡀᕛ stranger [IN NEGATIVE SENSE] sneak thief akaramemásu, akarameru v ㉝ࡼࡴࡱ akimásu, akíru v 㣤ࡀࡱࡌ, 㣤ࡀࡾ ࡌ, ㉝ࡼࡴࡾ blushes wearies (gets tired) of; gets akarasama (na/ni) adj, adv ࠵࠾ࡼࡈ enough of 6



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JAPANESE–ENGLISH



ákuta



akimásu, aku v 㛜ࡀࡱࡌ, 㛜ࡂ



opens, comes open; it comes unbuttoned/unzipped/unlocked akimásu, aku v ✭ࡀࡱࡌ, ✭ࡂ gets empty/vacant akinaimásu, akinau v ၛ࠷ࡱࡌ, ၛ࠹ blushes akíndo n ၛெ merchant akíraka adj ᪺ࡼ࠾ clear (evident): ~ ni shimásu ᪺ࡼ࠾࡞ࡊࡱࡌ



makes it public, reveals, explains akirame n ㅁࡴ resignation, acceptance: ~ ga warui ㅁࡴ࠿ᝇ࠷ not



knowing when to give up akiramemásu, akiraméru v ㅁࡴࡱ ࡌ, ㅁࡴࡾ: … o ~…ࢅㅁࡴࡱࡌ



gives up (on), resigns oneself to akiremásu, akireru v ࿄ࡿࡱࡌ, ࿄ࡿ ࡾ gets amazed; gets disgusted akkan n ᅸᕬ overwhelming akke-nái adj ࠵ࡖࡄ࡝࠷ not long enough: akkenaku makeru ࠵ࡖ ࡄ࡝ࡂㇿࡄࡾ is beaten too easily akke ni toraremásu (torareru) v ࿄Ẵ ࡞ཱིࡼࡿࡱࡌཱིࡼࡿࡾ is



stunned



ᝇビ criticism (unfavorable); áku-i n ᝇណ ill will, malice; akujōken n ᝇ᮪௲ bad/unfavorable/ adverse condition; aku-júnkan n ᝇᚘ⎌ vicious circle; áku-ma n ᝇ㨩 devil, evil spirit, Satan; ákumu n ᝇከ nightmare: ~ ni chigai arimasen ᝇከ࡞㐢࠷࠵ࡽࡱࡎࢆ must be a nightmare; aku-nin n ᝇ ெ an evil person; aku-ratsu (na) adj ᝇ㎝࡝ unscrupulous, foul, nasty, mean; aku-sei n ᝇᨳ [BOOKISH] bad government; aku-sen n ᝇ㖱 [BOOKISH] ill-gotten gains; aku-shumí n ᝇ㉻࿝ bad/poor taste; aku-toku n ᝇᚠ (a) vice: ~-gyøsha ᝇᚠᴏ⩽ dishonest business person; aku-zei n ᝇ⛧ [BOOKISH] unreasonable tax akú n ࢓ࢠ࣬⅂Ị scum, lye: ~ o torimásu ⅂Ịࢅཱིࡽࡱࡌ re-



moves the scum akuaríumu n ࢓ࢠ࢓࣑ࣛࢗ aquarium akurobátto n ࢓ࢠࣞࣁࢴࢹ acrobat,



acrobatics akúryoku n ᥩງ grip (of hand) ákuseku adv ࠵ࡂࡎࡂ laboriously,



akkerakán (to) adv ࠵ࡖࡄࡼ࠾ࢆ (working) hard, drudging (away) ࡛ looks unconcerned ákusento n ࢓ࢠࢬࣤࢹ accent akogaremásu, akogaréru v ៷ࡿࡱࡌ, ákuseru n ࢓ࢠࢬࣜ gas pedal, ៷ࡿࡾ adores, admires; longs accelerator ákusesari(i) n ࢓ࢠࢬࢦ࣭ࣛ for, yearns for akogi (ná) adj ࠵ࡆࡁ࡝ cruel accessory and heartless ákushon n ࢓ࢠࢨࣘࣤ action; áku n ᝇ an evil; aku-fū n ᝇ㢴 bad akushon-eiga n ࢓ࢠࢨࣘࣤ᫆⏤ custom, bad practice, a vice; aku- an action film heki n ᝇ⒯ [BOOKISH] bad habit; ákushu n ᥩᡥ handshake aku-hō n ᝇἪ bad law; aku-hyō n ákuta n Ⱘ dirt, rubbish



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amá



amá n ᑷ nun áma n ᾇዥ woman sea diver, a



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



amí n ⥑ net; amí-do n ⥑ᡖ screen



door amimásu, ámu v ⥽ࡲࡱࡌ, ⥽ࡳ pearl diver ama-… prefix 㞭 rain; amá-do n 㞭 knits, braids ᡖ rain shutters; ama-gasa n 㞭ഘ amí-mono n ⥽ࡲ∸ knitting, knitted umbrella (= kasa ഘ) goods amá(chuá) n ࢓࣏ࢲࣖ࢓ amateur ā´mōndo n ࢓࣭࣓ࣤࢺ almond amaemásu, amaéru v ⏉࠻ࡱࡌ, ⏉࠻ án n ᱄ 1. proposal, suggestion, ࡾ presumes on someone’s good- idea 2. plan án n ࠵ࢆ࣬㣾 bean jam/paste; will, acts like a baby amanógawa n ࠵ࡱࡡ࠿ࢂ࣬ኮࡡᕖ án-ko n ࠵ࢆࡆ࣬㣾Ꮔ bean jam/ the Milky Way paste amai adj ⏉࠷ sweet; lenient, aná n ✨ hole; slot; ana-go n ࢓ࢻ ࢥ conger eel; ana-guma n ࢓ࢻࢡ permissive amaku mimásu (míru) v ⏉ࡂࡲࡱࡌ ࣏࣬✨↻ badger anáta pron ࠵࡝ࡒ you; anatá-tachi, ࡲࡾ kids oneself about …, anatá-gáta pron ࠵࡝ࡒ㐡, ࠵࡝ࡒ underestimates amari n ఴࡽ remainder, surplus, ᪁ you (all); anáta(-tachi) no pron ࠵࡝ࡒ㐡 ࡡ your(s) leftover amari adv ࠵ࡱࡽ [ NEGATIVE verb] anaúnsā n ࢓ࢻࢗࣤࢦ࣭ announcer andārain n ࢓ࣤࢱ࣭ࣚ࢕ࣤ underline not very, not much, not many andāshátsu n ࢓ࣤࢱ࣭ࢨࣔࢵ (= anmari ࠵ࢆࡱࡽ) amarimásu, amáru v ఴࡽࡱࡌ, ఴࡾ undershirt is left over, remains, is in excess, andon n ⾔⅁ traditional papercovered night-light is too much/many amarí(ni) adv ࠵ࡱࡽ࡞ too, too anadorimásu, anadoru v ౱ࡽࡱࡌ, ౱ࡾ not think much of: imamuch, very amayakashimásu, amayakásu v ⏉ࡷ made … o anadotte imáshita ࠾ࡊࡱࡌ, ⏉ࡷ࠾ࡌ pampers, ࠷ࡱࡱ࡚͐ࢅ౱ࡖ࡙࠷ࡱࡊࡒ babies hadn’t used to think much of … amé n ࢓࣒࣬㣡 candy ándo n Ꮽሕ relief áme n 㞭 rain: ~ ga furimásu 㞭 áne n ጗ older sister (= (o-)në´࠿㜾ࡽࡱࡌ it rains san ࠽ ጗ࡈࢆ) amē´ba n ࢓࣒࣭ࣁ amoeba ángai adv ᱄አ 1. unexpectedly Amerika n ࢓࣒ࣛ࢜ America, (much) 2. contrary to expectaU.S.(A.); Ameriká-jin n ࢓࣒ࣛ࢜ெ tions; ángai (na) adj ᱄አ࡝ an American unexpected 8



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angō n ᬧྒ secret code anguru n ࢓ࣤࢡࣜ angle (= kakudo ぽᗐ), viewpoint áni n ඕ elder brother (= (o-)nii´san ࠽ ඕࡈࢆ) anime, animēshon n ࢓ࢼ࣒,࢓ࢼ࣒ ࣭ࢨࣘࣤ animation, animaed



áo



ano né interj ࠵ࡡࡠ (mostly



children or female) well, listen, you know anpáia n ࢓ࣤࣂ࢕࢓ umpire anpán n ࢓ࣤࣂࣤ sweet roll with bean jam inside anpéa n ࢓ࣤ࣋࢓ ampere anpo n Ꮽಕ security cartoon anji n ᬧ♟ a hint; jiko-anji n ⮤ᕤ anpu n ࢓ࣤࣈ amplifier anpuru n ࢓ࣤࣈࣜ ampule ᬧ♟ autosuggestion ánkā n ࢓࣭ࣤ࢜ anchor anraku n Ꮽᴞ comfort; anraku (na) ankēto n ࢓ࣤࢢ࣭ࢹ questionnaire adj Ꮽᴞ࡝ comfortable, easy; ankí n ᬧエ memorizing: ~ shite anraku shi n ᏭᴞṒ mercy killing, ᬧエࡊ࡙ by/from memory euthanasia ankōru n ࢓ࣤࢤ࣭ࣜ encore ansei n Ꮽ㟴 rest: ~ ni shimásu Ꮽ anma n ᣠ᦮ masseur/masseuse 㟴࡞ࡊࡱࡌ keeps/lies quiet an-man n ࢓࣏ࣤࣤ steamed bun anshín n Ꮽᚨ peace of mind; stuffed with bean jam relief; security; confidence, trust anmari adv ࠵ࢆࡱࡽ too much, anshitsu n ᬧᐄ darkroom overly; [+ NEGATIVE] not (very) anshō n ᬧ၌ recitation from much memory anna… adj ࠵ࢆ࡝… that kind antei n Ꮽᏽ stability of…: ~ ni ࠵ࢆ࡝࡞ to that extent antena n ࢓ࣤࢷࢻ antenna, aerial annái n ᱄හ [HONORIFIC] go-~ ánzan n Ꮽ⏐ safe delivery, easy ࡇ᱄හ guidance, information; delivery; anzan kigan n Ꮽ⏐♫㢢 annai-jó n ᱄හᡜ information wishing someone a safe delivery anzán n ᬧ⟤ mental calculation booth/desk; annái-nin n ᱄හெ guide (person), usher annái-shó anzen (na) adj Ꮽධ࡝ safe n ᱄හ᭡ guide(book) (harm-proof); anzén-pin n Ꮽධࣅ anó adj ࠵ࡡ that (over there; ࣤ safety pin anzimásu, anjiru (anzuru) v ᱄ࡋࡱࡌ, known to you and me); anó-hito pron ࠵ࡡெ he/him, she/her; anó- ᱄ࡋࡾ᱄ࡍࡾ worries, concerns ko pron ࠵ࡡᏄ she/her, he/him; anzu n ࢓ࣤࢫ࣬ᮝ apricot ano-yo n ࠵ࡡୠ the next world, áo n 㟯 blue, green (color); aói another world adj 㟯࠷ blue, green, pale; ao-mi ano, anō interj ࠵ࡡ, ࠵ࡡ࠹ (with n 㟯࿝ blueness; ao-nísai n 㟯஦ ᡧ immature [IN NEGATIVE SENSE]; nervous diffidence) well, uh … 9



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aogimásu, aógu



ao-shíngō n 㟯ಘྒ green light (signal); ao-suji n 㟯➵ vein: ~ o tateru 㟯➵ࢅ❟࡙ࡾ bursts a blood vessel; ao-yagi n 㟯ᰏ bud-



araemásu, araeru v ὑ࠻ࡱࡌ, ὑ࠻ ࡾ can wash araí adj Ⲡ࠷ rough, coarse; ara-ryōji n Ⲡ⒢἖ take drastic



ding willow aogimásu, aógu v ᡢࡁࡱࡌ, ᡢࡃ



measures (steps) araí adj ⢊࠷ rough, not smooth,



fans; fans oneself



coarse



aogimásu, aógu v ௭ࡁࡱࡌ, ௭ࡃ araimásu, arau v ὑ࠷ࡱࡌ, ὑ࠹ looks up at/to; respects (= miageru washes ず୕ࡅࡾ) arakajime adv ࠵ࡼ࠾ࡋࡴ in aomuké n ௭ྡྷࡄ facing upward advance (= maemotte ๑ࡵࡖ࡙) aorimásu, aóru v ↵ࡽࡱࡌ, ↵ࡾ arare n 1. ࠵ࡼࡿ࣬㟘 hail: ~ ga furimásu ࠵ࡼࡿ>㟘@࠿㜾ࡽࡱࡌ fans; stirs up, incites ao-zamemásu, aozameru v 㟯ࡉࡴ it hails (= hyø´ ࡥࡺ࠹>㞷@) ࡱࡌ, 㟯ࡉࡴࡾ pales, is pale 2. ࠵ࡼࡿrice-cracker cubes apā´to n ࢓ࣂ࣭ࢹ apartment (house) (tidbits) appaku n ᅸ㏍ pressure; oppression, árashi n ᔋ storm arashimásu, arásu v Ⲡࡼࡊࡱࡌ, Ⲡ suppression appáre adj, interj ࠵ࡖࡤࡿ ࡼࡌ devastates, damages, ruins Bravo!: ~ na taido ࠵ࡖࡤࡿ࡝ឺ arasoí n ண࠷ controversy, contenᗐ admirable attitude tion, struggle; argument, dispute, áppu n ࢓ࢴࣈ raising, up; appu-dē´to quarrel; strife, disturbance n ࢓ࢴࣈࢸ࣭ࢹ update; appu-gurē´do arasoimásu, arasóu v ண࠷ࡱࡌ, ண࠹ n ࢓ࢴࣈࢡ࣭ࣝࢺ upgrade; appu- struggles/contends for; argues, rō´do n ࢓ࢴࣈ࣭ࣞࢺ upload quarrels apurō´chi n ࢓ࣈ࣭ࣞࢲ approach aratamarimásu, aratamáru v ᨭࡱࡽࡱ ára interj ࠵ࡼ (female) oh!! (shows ࡌ, ᨭࡱࡾ to be changed, to be surprise, amazement): árámå replaced by something new ࠵ࡼࡱ࠵ (female) Oh, dear! aratamemásu, arataméru v ᨭࡴࡱࡌ, ará n ࠵ࡼ࣬⢊ fault; ará sagashi ᨭࡴࡾ changes, alters, corrects aratámete adv ᨭࡴ࡙ newly, anew; n ࠵ࡼᤒࡊ nitpicking; ara-suji n ࠵ࡼࡌࡋ summary, outline, again synopsis arawaremásu, arawaréru v ⌟ࡿࡱࡌ, Arabia, Árabu n ࢓ࣚࣄ࢓, ࢓ࣚࣇ ⌟ࡿࡾ appears, shows up, comes Arabia; Arabia-go n ࢓ࣚࣄ࢓ㄊ out Arabic; Arabia-jin, Arabú-jin n ࢓ࣚ arawashimásu, arawásu v ⌟ࡊࡱࡌ࣬ ࣄ࢓ெ, ࢓ࣚࣇெ an Arab ⌟ࡌ shows, reveals



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arawashimásu, arawásu v ⾪ࡊࡱࡌ࣬ ⾪ࡌ expresses (= hyøgen shimásu ⾪⌟ࡊࡱࡌ) arawashimásu, arawásu v ⴥࡊࡱࡌ, ⴥࡌ publishes, writes arayúru adj ࠵ࡼࡹࡾ all, every (= subete no ࡌ࡬࡙ࡡ) aré pron ࠵ࡿ that one (over there; known to you and me); aré-ra pron ࠵ࡿࡼ those, they/them aré interj ࠵ࡿ Dear! (surprise) aremásu, areru v Ⲡࡿࡱࡌ, Ⲡࡿࡾ



ása



arimásu, aru v ࠵ࡽࡱࡌ, ࠵ࡾ there



is, we’ve got; it is (located) ari-sama n ࠵ࡽࡈࡱ condition,



state; scene, sight ari-sō´(na) adj ࠵ࡽࡐ࠹࡝ likely; ~´mo nái ࠵ࡽࡐ࠹ࡵ࡝࠷ unlikely aritē´ni-iu (to) v ࠵ࡽ࡙࠷࡞ゕ࠹ ࡛ frankly speaking [INFORMAL] áritoarayúru adj ࠵ࡽ࡛࠵ࡼࡹࡾ



every single, all kinds/sorts of arittake n ࠵ࡽࡖࡒࡄ utmost



[INFORMAL] goes to ruin, falls to waste, gets arō´ v ࠵ࢀ࠹ [LITERARY] = áru dilapidated; gets rough/wild; rages darø´ ࠵ࡾࡓࢀ࠹ = áru deshø aremoyō (no) adj Ⲡࡿᶅᵕࡡ ࠵ࡾ࡚ࡊࡺ࠹ (probably is) áru … adj ࠵ࡾ certain …, some stormy, inclement arérugii n ࢓࣭ࣝࣜ࢟ allergy: …; áru-hi ࠵ࡾ᪝ n one/certain day kafun-~ ⰴ⢂࢓࣭ࣝࣜ࢟ hay arubáito n ࢓ࣜࣁ࢕ࢹ side job, fever (= kafunshø ⰴ⢂⑍) sideline, part-time job arí n ࢓ࣛ࣬⽝ ant arufabétto n ࢓ࣜࣆ࢒࣊ࢴࢹ ariári (to) adv ࠵ࡽ࠵ࡽ࡛ vividly alphabet ariawase n ࠵ࡽ࠵ࢂࡎ on hand árugamama n ࠵ࡾ࠿ࡱࡱ as is, for aribai n ࢓ࣛࣁ࢕ alibi what it is: ~ (ni) uketorimásu ࠵ arifúreta adj ࠵ࡽࡨࡿࡒ very ࡾ࠿ࡱࡱ࡞ ུࡄཱིࡽࡱࡌ takes common, commonplace things as they are arigachi adj ࠵ࡽ࠿ࡔ common, arúi-wa conj ᡀ࠷ࡢ or else; maybe, typical [IN NEGATIVE SENSE] possibly arigatai adj ࠵ࡽ࠿ࡒ࠷ appreciated, arukimásu, arúku v Ṅࡀࡱࡌ, Ṅࡂ welcome; grateful: ~ meiwaku walks ࠵ࡽ࠿ࡒ㏖ᝠ unwanted favor, arukōru n ࢓ࣜࢤ࣭ࣜ alcohol aruminíum n ࢓࣐ࣜࢼ࣑ࢗ aluminum misplaced favor arígatō (gozaimásu [HONORIFIC]) ࠵ࡽ ása n, adv ᭽ morning; ása-ban (ni) ࠿࡛࠹ࡇࡉ࠷ࡱࡌ Thank you n, adv ᭽ᬄ࡞ morning and (very much) night/evening; asa-yake n ᭽↕ࡄ árika n ᅹࡽฌ whereabouts a red glow in the morning sky; arikitari adj ࠵ࡽࡀࡒࡽ common- asa-góhan n ᭽ࡇ㣜 breakfast; ásaplace, so typical [IN NEGATIVE SENSE] hi n ᭽᪝ morning sun, rising sun 11



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asái



asái adj ὰ࠷ shallow; asá-haka (na) adj ὰࡢ࠾࡝ shallow; asa-se n ὰ℡ shallows Asakusa n ὰⲙ Asakusa asátsuki n ࢓ࢦࢵ࢞࣬ὰⴼ scallion,



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



ashirai n ࠵ࡊࡼ࠷ treatment, hos-



pitality, service, arrangement ashiraimásu, ashiráu v ࠵ࡊࡼ࠷ࡱ ࡌ, ࠵ࡊࡼ࠹ handles, manages,



deals with; receives (a guest) ashísutanto n ࢓ࢨࢪࢰࣤࢹ assistgreen onion; chives asátte n, adv ࠵ࡈࡖ࡙᪺࣬ᚃ᪝ ant (= joshu ຐᡥ) ashita n, adv ࠵ࡊࡒ᪺࣬᪝ tomorthe day after tomorrow áse n ổ sweat: ~ ga demásu ổ࠿ row ฝࡱࡌ, ~ o kakimásu ổࢅ࠾ࡀ asobi 㐗ࡦ n fun, amusement; a ࡱࡌ sweats; hiya-~ ෫ࡷổ cold game, play; a visit; asobi hanbun (de) adv 㐗ࡦ༖ฦ࡚ half-serisweat Asean n ࢓ࢬ࢓ࣤ ASEAN ously asemásu, aséru v 〛ࡎࡱࡌ, 〛ࡎࡾ asobimásu, asobu v 㐗ࡦࡱࡌ, 㐗ࡩ fades has fun, plays; visits aserimásu, aséru v ↌ࡽࡱࡌ, ↌ࡾ asoko, asuko pron ࠵ࡐࡆ, ࠵ࡌࡆ feels rushed/pressed (that place) over there; that place áshi n ࢓ࢨ࣬ⴲ reed (known to you and me) ashí n ㊂ foot, ⬦ leg; ashi-áto n assári adj, adv ࠵ࡖࡈࡽ simple/ ㊂㊟ footprint; ashi-de mátoi n ㊂ simply, plain(ly); easy/easily; ᡥࡱ࡛࠷ a drag (on): shusse no frank(ly), without apparent dif~ ฝୠࡡ㊂ᡥࡱ࡛࠷ a drag on ficulty assén n ࠵ࡖࡎࢆ࣬ᩯ᪍ 1. mediaone’s career; ashí-kubi n ㊂㤫 ankle; ashi-móto n ㊂ࡵ࡛࣬㊂ඔ tion; good offices, help (= sewá step, gait: ~ ni ki o tsukéte ㊂ඔ ୠヨ): 2. recommendation (= suisen ᥆ⷸ) ࡞Ẵࢅ௛ࡄ࡙ Watch your step! ashi-dome saremásu (sareru) v ㊂Ḿ asshō n ᅸົ an overwhelming win ࡴࡈࡿࡱࡌࡈࡿࡾ is strained, asshuku n ᅸ⦨ compression asu n, adv ࠵ࡌ᪺࣬᪝ tomorrow is stuck ashi-ga-demásu (deru) v ㊂࠿ฝࡱࡌ (= ashita ࠵ࡊࡒ᪺࣬᪝) ฝࡾ runs over the budget asufáruto n ࢓ࢪࣆ࢒ࣜࢹ asphalt ashí-o-araimásu (arau) v ㊂ࢅὑ࠷ࡱ asupara(gásu) n ࢓ࢪࣂࣚ࢝ࢪ ࡌὑ࠹ washes one’s hands of asparagus asupirin n ࢓ࢪࣅࣛࣤ aspirin cuts one’s ties with ashí-o-nobashimásu (nobasu) v ㊂ࢅ asurechikku-kúrabu n ࢓ࢪࣝࢲࢴࢠ ఘࡣࡊࡱࡌఘࡣࡌ goes a little ࢠࣚࣇ athletic club āsu-sen n ࢓࣭ࢪ⥲ ground wire farther 12



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ate



asutarísuku n ࢓ࢪࢰࣛࢪࢠ



atari ᙔࡒࡽ 1. n a hit 2. adj good asterisk (such as “㸟”) (= hoshi- luck, lucky; atari-yaku n ᙔࡒࡽᙲ jírushi ᫅༰) is a hit in the role; atari-kuji n ᙔࡒ asutorinzen n ࢓ࢪࢹࣛࣤࢭࣤ ࡽࡂࡋ winning number átari n ㎮ࡽ neighborhood: kono astringent ataemásu, ataeru v ୙࠻ࡱࡌ, ୙࠻ࡾ ~ de/wa ࡆࡡ㎮ࡽ࡚ࡢ around



gives, provides, grants



here



átafuta n ࠵ࡒࡨࡒ fluster; frenzied atarichirashimásu, atarichirasu v ᙔࡒ ࡽᩋࡼࡊࡱࡌ, ᙔࡒࡽᩋࡼࡌ hurry ataisuru v, adj ೋࡌࡾ deserves, takes out one’s spite on everybody ataridokoro-ga-warui adj ᙔࡒࡽᡜ࠿ deserved átakamo adv ࠵ࡒ࠾ࡵ as if ᝇ࠷ hitting in a vital spot atákku n ࢓ࢰࢴࢠ attack, atarimae (no) adj ᙔࡒࡽ๑ࡡ



strenuous effort



natural, reasonable, proper; suit-



atama n 㢄 head; atama-dékkachi (no) able, sensible adj 㢄࡚ࡖ࠾ࡔࡡ [INFORMAL] atarimásu, ataru v ᙔࡒࡽࡱࡌ, ᙔࡒ ࡾ hits, faces; applies; is correct [IN NEGATIVE SENSE] top-heavy, atashi pron ࠵ࡒࡊ (mostly children too many chiefs, not enough or female) I/me (= wata(ku)shi Indians, an armchair theorist; atama-kín n 㢄㔘 down payment, ࢂࡒࡂ ࡊ࣬⚶) atasshu-kē´su n ࢓ࢰࢴࢨࣖࢢ࣭ࢪ up-front money; deposit atama-ni-kimásu (kuru) v 㢄࡞ࡀࡱࡌ attache case, briefcase ࡂࡾ gets mad at, be angry with atatakái adj ᬦ࠾࠷ warm (air atama-o-kakaemásu (kakaeru) v 㢄ࢅ temperature) ᢢ࠻ࡱࡌᢢ࠻ࡾ tears one’s atatakái adj Ὼ࠾࠷ warm (liquid,



hair (out), holds one’s head in heart, etc.) atatamarimásu, atatamáru v ᬦࡱࡽ one’s hands atama-o-tsukaimásu (tsukau) v 㢄ࢅ ࡱࡌ, ᬦࡱࡾ warms up ౐࠷ࡱࡌ౐࠹ uses one’s head/ atatamarimásu, atatamáru v Ὼࡱࡽ ࡱࡌ, Ὼࡱࡾ warms up mind atarashíi adj ᩺ࡊ࠷ new; fresh atatamemásu, atataméru v Ὼࡴࡱࡌ, ataráshiku adv ᩺ࡊࡂ newly, anew, Ὼࡴࡾ warms it up, heats freshly atchi pron [INFORMAL] ࠵ࡖࡔ, atarazu-sawarazu adj, adv ᙔࡒࡼࡍ [FORMAL] achira ࠵ࡔࡼ (the other ࡈࢂࡼࡍ innocuous: ~ no henji one, over there) ᙔࡒࡼࡍࡈࢂࡼࡍࡡ㏁஥ give a ate ᙔ࡙ 1. n reliance, trust 2. n harmless answer anticipation, expectation (= kitai 13



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…-ate (nó)



᭿ᙽ) 3. goal, object (= mokuteki ┘Ⓩ) 4. n clue, trace (= tegákari ᡥ᤻࠾ࡽ) …-ate (nó) suffix, adj …᏾࡙ࡡ addressed to …; ate-na n ᏾࡙ ྞ address ate-hamarimásu, ate-hamáru v ᙔ࡙ࡢ ࡱࡽࡱࡌ, ᙔ࡙ࡢࡱࡾ fits, conforms ate-hamemásu, ate-haméru v ᙔ࡙ࡢ ࡴࡱࡌ, ᙔ࡙ࡢࡴࡾ applies, conforms, adapts, fits it (to): … ni ate-hámete …࡞ᙔ࡙ࡢࡴ࡙ in



áto n ㊟ mark, track, trace; scar; footprint; ató-tsugi n ࠵࡛ࡗࡁ࣬ ㊟⤽ࡁ successor ā´to n ࢓࣭ࢹ art atorakushon n ࢓ࢹࣚࢠࢨࣘࣤ



attraction, side entertainment atorie n ࢓ࢹ࢙ࣛ studio, workshop,



atelier atsuatsu (no) adj ࢓ࢵ࢓ࢵࡡ



lovey-dovey atsuatsu (no) adj ⇍ࠍࡡ piping



hot conformity/accordance with … atsubottai adj ཉ࡯ࡖࡒ࠷ thick atekosuri n ᙔ࡙ࡆࡌࡽ a snide atsui adj ཉ࠷ thick; atsu-zoko n ཉᗇ heavy-bottom (things), ~ remark atemásu, ateru v ᙔ࡙ࡱࡌ, ᙔ࡙ࡾ nabe ཉᗇ࡝࡬ heavy-bottomed guesses; hits; sets aside, desigsaucepan atsúi adj ᬤ࠷ hot (air temperature) nates; touches; addresses ā´tisuto n ࢓࣭ࢷ࢔ࢪࢹ࢓࣭ࢲࢪ atsúi adj ⇍࠷ hot ࢹ artist (= geijutsu-ka ⰹ⾙ᐓ) atsukamashíi adj ཉ࠾ࡱࡊ࠷ áto (de/ni) prep, adv ᚃ࡚࡞ impudent atsukaimásu, atsukau v ᡽࠷ࡱࡌ, after(wards), later (= nochi ni ᚃ࡞): áto no … ᚃࡡ…the ᡽࠹ deals with remaining …; ato-máwashi n ᚃᅂ atsumarimásu, atsumáru v 㞗ࡱࡽ ࡊ leaving something until later: ~ ࡱࡌ, 㞗ࡱࡾ meets, assembles; ni shimásu ᚃᅂࡊ࡞ࡊࡱࡌ post- it accumulates atsumemásu, atsuméru v 㞗ࡴࡱࡌ, pones, leaves something until 㞗ࡴࡾ collects, gathers, acculater; ató-aji n ᚃ࿝ aftertaste: ~ ga warui ᚃ࿝࠿ᝇ࠷ leaves a mulates bad aftertaste; ato-kátazuke n ᚃ∞ atsúryoku n ᅸງ pressure ௛ࡄ cleanup; áto-no-matsurí n ᚃ atsusa n ཉࡈ thickness ࡡ⚅ࡽ The damage is done; átsusa n ᬤࡈ heat, warmth (air temperature) ato-módori n ᚃᡘࡽ retreat, back tracking; ato-saki n ᚃ඙ conse- átsusa n ⇍ࡈ heat, warmth (= netsu ⇍) quence; ato-shímatsu n ᚃጙᮆ settling, putting in order, cleaning attakái adj ᬦ࠾࠷ warm (= atatakái ᬦ࠾࠷) up after 14



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azen-to-shimásu (-suru)



attakái adj Ὼ࠾࠷ warm (= atata- ㄏࡾ errs, makes a mistake kái Ὼ࠾࠷) ayamarimásu, ayamáru v ㅨࡽࡱࡌ, at(a)tamemásu, at(a)taméru v Ὼࡴ ㅨࡾ apologizes ࡱࡌ, Ὼࡴࡾ warms it up, heats ayashii adj ᛱࡊ࠷ questionable, atto-hō´mu (na) adj ࢓ࢴࢹ࣭࣑࣌ suspicious, shady; uncertain; ࡝ homelike, homely unreliable; weird atto-mā´ku n ࢓ࢴࢹ࣏࣭ࢠ a mark ayashimásu, ayasu v ࠵ࡷࡊࡱࡌ, ࠵ࡷࡌ lulls: akanbø o ayashite (such as “@”) attō-shimásu (suru) v ᅸ಻ࡊࡱࡌ nekashitsukemáshita ㉝ࢆᆎࢅ࠵ ࡌࡾ overwhelms ࡷࡊ࡙ᐱ࠾ࡊࡗࡄࡱࡊࡒ lulled a attō-teki na adj ᅸ಻Ⓩ࡝ overwhelm- baby to sleep ayatóri n ࠵ࡷ࡛ࡽ cat’s cradle ing áuto n ࢓ࢗࢹ out (baseball); auto- ayatsurimásu, ayatsúru v ᧧ࡽࡱࡌ, putto ࢓ࢗࢹࣈࢴࢹ output; auto᧧ࡾ manipulates rain ࢓ࢗࢹࣚ࢕ࣤ outline ayauku adv ༱࠹ࡂ (something awa n ἳ bubble; foam undesirable) about to happen or áwa n ࢓࣠࣬⢎ millet likely to happen. áwabi n ࢓࣠ࣄ࣬㩒 abalone āyū adj ࠵࠵ࡹ࠹ ... that kind/sort áware (na) adj ဖࡿ࡝ pity, pitiful of ... (= åiu ࠵࠵࠷࠹, anna ࠵ࢆ࡝) awase n ⿓࣬࠵ࢂࡎ lined garment áyu n ࢓ࣗ࣬㩏 (= ái ࢓࢕࣬㩏 awasemásu, awaséru v ྙࢂࡎࡱࡌ, sweetfish, river trout ྙࢂࡎࡾ puts together, combines, aza n ③ bruise azakeri n ࠵ࡉࡄࡽ࣬ზࡽ mockery joins awatadashii adj ុࡒࡓࡊ࠷ hurried, azakerimásu, azakeru v ࠵ࡉࡄࡽ࣬ ზࡽࡱࡌ, ࠵ࡉࡄࡾ࣬ზࡾ mocks, flustered, confused awatemásu, awateru v ុ࡙ࡱࡌ, ុ scorns ࡙ࡾ gets flustered/confused azárashi n ࢓ࢧࣚࢨ࣬ᾇ㇦ seal awate-mono n ុ࡙⩽ a person (animal) azawarai n ࠵ࡉ>ზ@➏࠷ mockery, easily flustered; a scatterbrain sneer, scornful laugh (= awatenbø ࠵ࢂ࡙ࢆᆎ ayabumimásu, ayabumu v ༱ࡩࡲࡱ azawaraimásu, azawarau v ࠵ࡉ>ზ@ ࡌ, ༱ࡩࡳ doubts ➏࠷ࡱࡌ, ࠵ࡉ>ზ@➏࠹ mocks, sneers ayafuya (na) adj ࠵ࡷࡨࡷ࡝ azáyaka (na) adj 㩥ࡷ࠾࡝ bright, indecisive ayamari n ㄏࡽ error, mistake vivid ayamari n ㅨࡽ apology azen-to-shimásu (-suru) v ࠵↓࡛ࡊ ayamarimásu, ayamáru v ㄏࡽࡱࡌ, ࡱࡌ is dumbfounded



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azukarimásu, azukáru



azukarimásu, azukáru v 㡰࠾ࡽࡱࡌ, 㡰ࡄࡾ gives in trust, entrusts, 㡰࠾ࡾ takes in trust, keeps, holds checks, deposits azukemásu, azukéru v 㡰ࡄࡱࡌ, azukí n ࢓ࢫ࢞࣬ᑚ㇃ red beans



B …-ba conj …ࡣ [EMPHATIC] (if) indeed: … nára(ba) …࡝ࡼࡣ if; … dáttara(ba) …ࡓࡖࡒࡼ ࡣ ; …-káttara(ba) …࠾ࡖࡒࡼ ࡣ if/when it is (or was); … -tára(ba) …ࡒࡼࡣ if/when it



booth, kiosk, stand (selling things)



Báiburu n ࣁ࢕ࣇࣜ Bible (= seisho ⪯᭡) báidoku n ᱭẐ [BOOKISH] syphilis baikin n ࡣ࠷Ⳟ germ báikingu n ࣁ࢕࢞ࣤࢡ smorgasbord báiku n ࣁ࢕ࢠ motorbike does (or did) ba n ሔ 1. place (for something) baindā n ࣁ࢕ࣤࢱ࣭ binder (= basho ሔᡜ) 2. occasion, time baiorin n ࣁ࢕࢛ࣛࣤ violin 3. scene baio-tekunórojii n ࣁ࢕࢛ࢷࢠࢿࣞ bā´ n ࣁ࣭ bar (for drinking) ࢩ࣭ biotechnology baai, bawai n ሔྙ situation, case, baipasu n ࣁ࢕ࣂࢪ bypass bairíngaru n ࣁ࢕ࣛࣤ࢝ࣜ bilingual circumstance, occasion: … no baai/bawai … ࡡሔྙ if baishō´-kin n ㈲ർ㔘 indemnity, baba-shatsu n ࡣࡣࢨࣔࢵ long reparation baiyā n ࣁ࢕࣭ࣕ buyer (professional) sleeved thermal undershirt for bají n ࣁࢴࢩ badge female bābékyū n ࣁ࣭࣭࣊࢞ࣖ barbecue báka n ࡣ࠾࣬ࣁ࢜࣬㤷㮭 fool, bachí n ⨡ retribution, punishment idiot; báka na adj ࡣ࠾࡝ foolish, (= batsu ⨡) stupid; baka-bakashíi, baka-rashíi adj ba-chígai (na/no) adj ሔ㐢࠷࡝ࡡ ࡣ࠾ࡣ࠾ࡊ࠷ absurd, foolish; 1. out of place 2. not from the baka-bánashi n ࡣ࠾ヨ nonsense; right/best place idle talk; hot air, bull (= mudabánashi ↋㥇ヨ); báka-me adj ࡣ bā´gen n ࣁ࣭ࢣࣤ bargain sale bái n ಶ double; bai-ritsu n ಶ⋙ ࠾ࡴ damn (fool) idiot magnification, magnifying power …bákari, …bákkari, … bákkashi suffix …-bai suffix …ಶ …times, …-fold …ࡣ࠾ࡽ, …ࡣࡖ࠾ࡽ, …ࡣࡖ࠾ bai-… prefix ኉ selling; bái-bai ࡊ only, just (= dake ࡓࡄ): bákan ኉㈑ buying and selling; bai-shun ri de/ja naku …mo ...ࡣ࠾ࡽ࡚ n ኉᫋ prostitution; bai-ten n ኉ᗉ ࡋࡶ࡝ࡂ…ࡵ not only …, but also



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bárē



bakazu-o-fumimásu (fumu) v ሔᩐࢅ ㊻ࡲࡱࡌ㊻ࡳ gets a lot of



ࡡ [numeral] -th; …-ban-sen suffix … ␊⥲ track number …



practical experience



(train station)



bakégaku n ໩Ꮥ࣬໩ࡄᏕ chemistry (= kágaku ໩Ꮥ bake-móno n ໩ࡄ∸ monster, ghost baken n 㤷ไ betting ticket baketsu n ࣁࢢࢵ bucket bakkin n ⨡㔘 fine, penalty bákku n ࣁࢴࢠ back; bakku-áppu n ࣁࢴࢠ࢓ࢴࣈ backup, support; bakku-mírā n ࣁࢴࢠ࣐࣭ࣚ



bānā n ࣁ࣭ࢻ࣭ burner bánana n ࣁࢻࢻ banana ban-cha n ␊Ⲍ coarse green tea bando n ࣁࣤࢺ 1. strap, band (watch, etc.); belt 2. band (music) bane (-jíkake) n ࡣࡠ௘᤻ࡄ



spring (device)



ban-gasa n ␊ഘ oilpaper umbrella bangumi n ␊⤄ program (TV, etc.) Bánkoku n ࣁࣤࢤࢠ Bangkok rearview mirror bákku, baggu n ࣁࢴࢠ, ࣁࢴࢡ bag bánkoku n ୒ᅗ 1. international bakuchi n ༡ᡬ gambling 2. all the world; bánkoku-hakubútsukan, banpaku n ୒ᅗ༡∸㤃, ୒༡ bakudai (na) adj ࡣࡂࡓ࠷࡝



immense, vast, huge, enormous



international exposition



bakudan n ⇷ᙆ bomb bákufu n ᖞᗋ (the time of) the



bánira n ࣁࢼࣚ vanilla bannō n ୒⬗ versatility, ability to



shogunate



do anything



bakugeki n ⇷ᦹ bombing bakuhatsu n ⇷Ⓠ explosion, bursting bakuteria n ࣁࢠࢷࣛ࢓ bacteria bakuzen (to) adv ₅↓࡛ vaguely,



bansō n ఔ዇ musical accompaniment bansōko, bansōkō n ⤆๭⭧



adhesive plaster/tape



banzái interj ୒ṋ hurray! bara n ࣁࣚ࣬ⷬⷢ rose (flower) obscurely bámen n ሔ㟻 scene (= shiin ࢨ࣭ࣤ) bára (de) adv ࡣࡼ࡚ loose, ban n ᬄ [BOOKISH] evening, night; separately kon-~ ௑ᬄ tonight; mai-~ Ẏᬄ barabara (ní) adv ࡣࡼࡣࡼ࡞ every night; ban-góhan, ban-meshi scattered, in pieces baransu n ࣁࣚࣤࢪ balance: ~ o n ᬄࡇ㣜,ᬄ㣜 evening meal (dinner/supper) (= yüshoku ኟ㣏) torimásu ࣁࣚࣤࢪࢅ࡛ࡽࡱࡌ bán n ␊ guard, watch; ban-ken n redress the balance ␊≗ watchdog barashimásu, barásu v ࡣࡼࡊࡱࡌ, …-ban suffix ␊ number; ban-chi ࡣࡼࡌ 1. exposes (a secret) n ␊ᆀ address (house number); 2. takes it apart, disassembles ban-gō´ n ␊ྒ number (assigned); 3. kills, shoots (to death) …-banmé (no) suffix, adj …␊┘ bárē n ࣁ࢙ࣝ ballet



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barē(bō´ru)



barē(bō´ru) n ࣁ࣭࣭ࣝ࣍ࣜ



baton n ࣁࢹࣤ baton baton tatchi n ࣁࢹࣤࢰࢴࢲ passing



volleyball baremásu, baréru v [INFORMAL] ࡣࡿࡱࡌ, ࡣࡿࡾ surfaces, is



disclosed, is discovered barentáindē n ࣁࣝࣤࢰ࢕ࣤࢸ࣭



Valentine’s Day bareriina n ࣁ࣭ࣝࣛࢻ ballerina barikan n ࣁࣛ࢜ࣤ clippers (barber’s) bariki n 㤷ງ horsepower baromē´tā n ࣁ࣒࣭ࣞࢰ࣭ barometer barukónii n ࣁࣜࢤࢼ࣭ balcony basho n ሔᡜ place bassári adv ࡣࡖࡈࡽ fast and



furious, without hesitation basshi n ᢜṉ pulling out a tooth/



teeth basshimásu, bassuru v ⨡ࡊࡱࡌ, ⨡ࡌࡾ punishes básu n ࣁࢪ bus; basu-téi n ࣁࢪೳ bus stop; basu-rū´mu n bathroom (= furo 㢴࿁); basu-tsuki ࣁࢪ௛ࡀ



with bath basue n ሔᮆ suburb (outskirts) basukétto n ࣁࢪࢢࢴࢹ basket basukétto bō´ru n ࣁࢪࢢࢴࢹ࣭࣍ ࣜ basketball, basketball game básuto n ࣁࢪࢹ bust bátā n ࣁࢰ࣭ butter batafurai n ࣁࢰࣆࣚ࢕ butterfly



(swimming) batán (to) adv ࡣࡒࢆ࡛ with a



bang, with a thud bāten(dā) n ࣁ࣭ࢷࣤࢱ࣭ bartender batomínton n ࣁࢹ࣐ࣤࢹࣤ badminton



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the torch, having someone take over bátsu n ࡣࡗ cross (= X “wrong”) bátsu n ⨡ retribution, punishment batta n ࣁࢴࢰ grasshopper báttā n ࣁࢴࢰ࣭ batter (baseball) battári adv ࡣࡖࡒࡽ unexpectedly battén n ࡣࡖ࡙ࢆ X (“wrong”), a black mark batterii n ࣁࢴࢷ࣭ࣛ battery battingu n ࣁࢴࢷ࢔ࣤࢡ batting (baseball) bátto n ࣁࢴࢹ bat (baseball) baundo n ࣁࢗࣤࢺ bound bawai, baai n ሔྙ situation, case, circumstance, occasion bázā n ࣁࢧ࣭ bazaar bebiishíttā n ࣊ࣄ࣭࣬ࢨࢴࢰ࣭ baby sitter béddo, bétto n ࣊ࢴࢺ,࣊ࢴࢹ bed (Western) beddo-táun n ࣊ࢴࢹ࣬ࢰࢗࣤ bedroom community, suburb Bei n ⡷ America(n): nich-~ ᪝⡷ Japan and America; ø-~ Ḛ⡷ Europe and America; Béi-koku n ⡷ᅗ America (= Amerika ࢓࣒ ࣛ࢜ ; Bei-koku-jin n ⡷ᅗெ American (= Amerika-jin ࢓࣒ࣛ ࢜ெ beiju n ⡷ᑋ (auspicious, happy



event) eighty-eighth birthday beikingu-páudā n ࣊࢕࢞ࣤࢡ࣬ࣂ ࢗࢱ࣭ baking powder … béki suffix …࡬ࡀ: …-suru ~



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bíjinesu



desu ࡌࡾ࡬ࡀ࡚ࡌ should do,



béru n ࣊ࣜ bell, doorbell ought to do [BOOKISH] Berurín n ࣊ࣜࣛࣤ Berlin bekkan n ื㤃 annex (building) beruto n ࣊ࣜࢹ belt; anzen-béruto n bekkyo n ืᑽ separate living Ꮽධ࣊ࣜࢹ safety belt bē´kon n ࣭࣊ࢤࣤ bacon bessō´ n ืⲦ villa, vacation house bén n ᘒ valve bēsu n ࣭࣊ࢪ 1. base, basis bén n ౼ 1. convenience (= béngi 2. base (baseball) 3. = bësu gitå ౼᏿) 2. feces; bén-jo n ౼ᡜ ࣭࣊ࢪ࢟ࢰ࣭ bass guitar toilet; bén-ki n ౼ჹ bedpan; bén-pi bēsu áppu n ࣭࣊ࢪ࢓ࢴࣈ upping/ n ౼⛆ constipation raising the base pay; a pay raise …-bén suffix …㐚 = …-hén, ...-pén bēsubōru n ࣭࣊ࢪ࣭࣍ࣜ baseball 㐚 (counts times or occasions) bésuto n ࣊ࢪࢹ best; besuto-tén n bénchi n ࣊ࣤࢲ bench ࣊ࢪࢹࢷࣤ best ten; besuto-serā´ béngi n ౼᏿ convenience, accom- n ࣊ࢪࢹࢬ࣭ࣚ best seller modation: ~ o hakarimásu ౼᏿ beteran n ࣊ࢷࣚࣤ veteran, expert betsu (na/no) adj ื࡝ࡡ sepaࢅᅒࡽࡱࡌ does someone a favor rate, special, particular; …wa ~ bengóshi n ᘒ㆜ኃ lawyer to shite … ࡢื࡛ࡊ࡙ apart/ béni n ⣒ rouge aside from …, except for …; benkai n ᘒゆ [BOOKISH] betsu-betsu (na/no) adj ืࠍ࡝ࡡ justification (= iiwake ゕ࠷ズ) separate, individual; betsu-ryō´kin n benkyō n ຫᙁ study, (mental) ืᩩ㔘 extra (charge), separate bill betsu (ni) adv ื࡞ 1. [+ NEGATIVE] work; cutting a price bénri (na) adj ౼ฺ࡝ handy, not particularly 2. … tó wa ~ ni (shite) ࡛ࡢื࡞ࡊ࡙ quite convenient benri-ya n ౼ฺᒁ handyman (or apart/separately from … bia-hō´ru n ࣄ࢓࣭࣌ࣜ beer hall his shop) benron n ᘒㄵ [BOOKISH] debate, bifuteki n ࣄࣆࢷ࢞ biifu sutëki ࣄ࣭ࣆࢪࢷ࣭࢞ beefsteak speech, rhetoric; benron-taikai n ᘒㄵኬఌ speech contest bíichi n ࣄ࣭ࢲ beach benshō n ᘒർ compensation bíiru n ࣄ࣭ࣜ beer bentō n ᘒᙔ box lunch bíjin n ⨶ெ beautiful woman, a berabō (ni) adv ࡬ࡼ࡯࠹࡞ aston- beauty ishingly, considerably: ~ ni takai bíjinesu n ࣄࢩࢾࢪ business; ࡬ࡼ࡯࠹࡞㧏࠷ extremely exbíjinesu-hoteru n ࣄࢩࢾࢪ࣌ࢷࣜ pensive economy hotel; bíjinesu-man n ࣄ beranda n ࣊ࣚࣤࢱ veranda ࢩࢾࢪ࣏ࣤ businessperson



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bijón



bijón n ࣄࢩࣘࣤ vision: ~ o hakkiri sasemásu ࣄࢩࣘࣤࢅࡢࡖࡀ ࡽࡈࡎࡱࡌ clarifies one’s vision bíjutsu n ⨶⾙ art; bijútsú-kan ⨶⾙㤃



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



bisukétto n ࣄࢪࢢࢴࢹ crackers bitámin n ࣄࢰ࣐ࣤ vitamin(s); bitámin-zai n ࣄࢰ࣐ࣤ๠ vitamin



pills bitoku n ⨶ᚠ virtue n art museum (art gallery) bikkúri-shimásu (-suru) v ࡦࡖࡂࡽ bíwa n ࣄ࣠࣬ᯄᮼ loquat (fruit) ࡊࡱࡌࡌࡾ gets startled, gets biya-hō´ru n ࣄ࣭ࣕ࣌ࣜ beer hall a surprise (= odorokimásu 㦣ࡀ biyō´in n ⨶ᐖ㝌 beauty parlor ࡱࡌ) bíza n ࣄࢧ visa (= sashø ᰕチ) bimyō (na) adj ᚜ዼ࡝ delicate, bō n Ფ pole (rod); stick, club; tetsu-bō n 㕪Ფ (iron) bar subtle, fine, nice bín n ⎴ bottle; jar bóchi n ቉ᆀ cemetery, graveyard …´-bin suffix ౼ flight (number) … bōchō shimásu (suru) v ⭶⬵ࡊࡱࡌ bínbō (na) adj ㈃இ࡝ poor (needy) ࡌࡾ swells, expands biní(i)ru n ࣄࢼ࣭ ࣜ vinyl, bōchū´zai n 㜭⹰๠ insecticide; polyvinyl; plastic; bini(i)rú-bukuro mothballs bōdai (na) adj ⭶ኬ࡝ enormous, n ࣄࢼ࣭ ࣜ⾼ plastic bag binkan (na) adj ᨼវ࡝ sensitive gigantic, massive binsen n ౼⟚ (letter-)writing bōdō n ᬸິ riot bōei n 㜭⾠ defense (= bøgyo 㜭ᚒ) paper, stationery bínta n ࡦࢆࡒ slapping (a person’s Bōei-shō n 㜭⾠┤ Ministry of face) Defense (DA) birá n ࡦࡼ leaflet, handbill, bōeki n ㈘᪾ commerce, trade; bōeki-shōsha/gaisha n ㈘᪾ၛ♣ఌ pamphlet bíri (no) adj ࡦࡽࡡ the last, the ♣ trader, trading company bōenkyō n ᭻㐪㙶 telescope tail end, the rear birōdo n ࣄ࣭ࣞࢺ velvet bōfū n ᬸ㢴 storm, gale, hurricane bíru n ࣄࣜ building bōfú-zai n 㜭⭁๠ antiseptic Bíruma n ࣄ࣏ࣜ Burma (Myanmar) (substance), preservative bisai (na) adj ᚜⣵࡝ minute, bōhan-béru n 㜭≚࣊ࣜ burglar detailed, fine alarm bishonure n ࡦࡊࡺ⃷ࡿ bōhatéi n 㜭ἴላ breakwater bōi-furéndo n ࣭࣍࢕ࣆࣝࣤࢺ soddenness, sopping wet bisshíri adv ࡦࡖࡊࡽ cramped boyfriend (= káre(-shi) ᙴẮ ) bisshóri adv ࡦࡖࡊࡺࡽ completely boikótto n ࣍࢕ࢤࢴࢹ boycott boin n ᢲ༰ thumbprint soaked: ase ~ ổࡦࡖࡊࡺࡽ is boin n ẍ㡚 vowel all sweaty 20



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JAPANESE–ENGLISH



boin n ࣍࢕ࣤ (slang) big bust bóirā n ࣍࢕࣭ࣚ boiler bōisukáuto n ࣭࣍࢕ࢪ࢜ࢗࢹ boy



bótan



bon’yári-shimásu (suru) v ࡯ࢆࡷࡽ ࡊࡱࡌࡌࡾ is absent-minded,



daydreams



bonyū n ẍ஘ breast milk bōkaru n ࣭࣍࢜ࣜ vocalist bora n ࣍ࣚ gray mullet bokashimásu, bokásu v ࡯࠾ࡊࡱࡌ, borántia n ࣍ࣚࣤࢷ࢔࢓ volunteer ࡯࠾ࡌ: hanashí o ~ ヨࢅ࡯࠾ࡊ boraremásu, boraréru v ࡯ࡼࡿࡱࡌ, ࡱࡌ beats around the bush, is ࡯ࡼࡿࡾ [INFORMAL] gets over-



scout



noncommittal bōken n ා㝜 adventure bóki n ⡑エ bookkeeping bō-kire, bōkkíre n Ფࡀࡿ, Ფࡖࡀࡿ pole (rod); stick, club (= bø Ფ) bokkusu n ࣍ࢴࢠࢪ; denwa-bókkusu n 㞹ヨ࣍ࢴࢠࢪ phone booth bókoku n ẍᅗ mother country,



charged (ripped off) bōrei n ஷ㟃 Japanese ghost



(commonly lacks legs and feet) borimásu, bóru v ࡯ࡽࡱࡌ, ࡯ࡾ overcharges bōringu n ࣭࣍ࣛࣤࢡ bowling bóro n ࡯ࢀ rag bōru n ࣭࣍ࣜ ball bōru-gami n ࣭࣍ࣜ⣤ cardboard homeland bóku pron ൃ (male) I/me; bóku-ra, bōru-pen n ࣭࣍ࣜ࣋ࣤ ballpoint pen bóku-táchi pron ൃࡼ, ൃࡒࡔ we/us boruto n ࣍ࣜࢹ bolt (of nut and bokuchiku n ∶⏾ stockbreeding bolt); volt bokujō n ∶ሔ ranch bō´ryoku n ᬸງ violence (brute bókushi n ∶ᖅ (Christian) force); bōryoku-dan n ᬸງᅆ mob, minister, pastor; Reverend gangbanger bókushingu n ࣍ࢠࢨࣤࢡ boxing boryūmu n ࣭࣑࣍ࣛࣖ volume bon n ⓽o-bon ࠽⓽ tray bō-san n ᆎࡈࢆobø-sán ࠽ᆎࡈࢆ Bón n ⓽ O-bón ࠽⓽ Bon Festi- Buddhist monk (= bø´zu ᆎ୹ bósei n ẍᛮ maternity val (Buddhist All Saints Day) …-bon suffix …ᮇ book, volume, bōseki n ⣫⦴ [BOOKISH] spinning bōshi n ᖐᏄ hat text …´-bon (…´-hon, …´-pon) suffix …ᮇ boshikátei n ẍᏄᐓᗖ family with(counts long objects) out a father: ~ de sodachimásu bō´nasu n ࣭࣍ࢻࢪ (wage) bonus ẍᏄᐓᗖ࡚⫩ࡔࡱࡌ grows up bonchí n ⓽ᆀ (geographical) basin without a father. bōnén-kai n ᚸᖳఌ year-end party boshū n ຽ㞗 recruitment bonnétto n ࣍ࣤࢾࢴࢹ (car-)hood, bōsōzoku n ᬸ㉦᪐ motorcycle gang bōsui (no) adj 㜭Ềࡡ waterproof bonnet bonsai n ⓽᰺ dwarf trees (in pots) bótan n ࣍ࢰࣤ button 21



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bótchan



bótchan n ᆎࡔࡶࢆ (little) boy, (your) son (= bø´ya ᆎࡷ) bō´to n ࣭࣍ࢹ boat bōtō n ා㢄 opening, at [in] the



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



buai n Ṅྙ commission; buai-sei Ṅྙโ commission system bu-áisō (na) adj ↋យ᝷࡝ curt,



unsociable, blunt, brusque buatsuí adj ฦཉ࠷ thick beginning bōtoku n ා࡛ࡂ sacrilege, viobuchimásu, butsu v ࡩࡔࡱࡌ, ࡩࡗ lence: kami e no ~ ♼࡫ࡡා࡛ࡂ hits bu-chō´hō n ୘ㄢἪ a gaffe, a blasphemy bótsubotsu adv ࡯ࡗ࡯ࡗ 1. adv blunder; bu-chō´hō (na) adj ୘ㄢἪ ࡝ awkward, clumsy, impolite (= sórosoro ࡐࢀࡐࢀ) little by little, gradually; (leave) before long Budda n ௕㜸 Buddha 2. n (with) dots, spots, bumps budō n ࣇࢺࢗ࣬ⴭ⳿ grapes bōtto-shimásu (-suru) v ࣭࣍ࡖ࡛ࡊ búdō n Ṃ㐠 martial arts ࡱࡌ ࡌࡾ stupefies: bøtto shita budō-shu n ࣇࢺࢗ㒿 wine atama ࣭࣍ࡖ࡛ࡊࡒ㢄 vacant bu-énryo (na) adj ୘㐪៎࡝ mind frank, unreserved, pushy, rude bottō-shimásu (-suru) v Ἀ㢄ࡊࡱࡌ búffe n ࣄࣖࢴࣆ࢘ buffet devotes oneself: shigoto ni ~ ௘ būingu n ࣇ࣭࢕ࣤࢡ booing ஥࡞Ἀ㢄ࡊࡱࡌ buries oneself in buji (ni) adv ↋஥࡞ safely one’s work (without incident) boyakimásu, boyáku v ࡯ࡷࡀࡱࡌ, bujoku n ౱㎧ insult(ing) ࡯ࡷࡂ grumbles, complains bújutsu n Ṃ⾙ martial arts bōzen adj ⲁ↓ stunned: ~ to shita búki n Ṃჹ weapon, arms kao ⲁ↓࡛ࡊࡒ㢞 dazed-looking bu-kimi (na) adj ୘Ẵ࿝࡝ ghasty, bōzu n ᆎ୹ Buddhist monk or priest; eerie: ~ na shizukesa ୘Ẵ࿝࡝㟴 bōzu-atama n ᆎ୹㢄 shaven head ࡄࡈ eerie silence bú n 㒂 1. (suffix …´-bu …㒂) bu-kíryō (na) adj ୘ჹ㔖࡝ part, division, section; bú-bun n homely, ugly 㒂ฦ part, portion; bu-chō n 㒂㛏 bu-kíyō (na) adj ୘ჹ⏕࡝ clumsy department/division/section head, bukká n ∸౮ commodity prices bukkirábō (na) adj ࡩࡖࡀࡼ࡯࠹ manager, chief (in the office); bu-hín n 㒂ဗ parts 2. (perfor࡝ blunt, brusque, curt mance) yóru-no-bú እࡡ㒂 eve- bukku n ࣇࢴࢠ book; bukku-fea n ࣇࢴࢠࣆ࢘࢓ book fair ning performance …´-bu suffix 1. …ฦ (1-9) percent Búkkyō n ௕ᩅ Buddhism 2. …㒂 copies (of a book); ichí- bū´mu n ࣇ࣭࣑ boom (fad) bu ୌ㒂 one copy bún n ᩝ sentence, text; bun-bō-gu 22



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JAPANESE–ENGLISH



burēkā



n ᩝᡛර, bunpø´-gu ᩝᡛර stationery supplies; bún-gaku n ᩝᏕ literature; bún-go n ᩝㄊ literary language/word; bún-ka n ᩝ໩ culture, civilization; bun-ko (-bon) n ᩝᗔᮇ pocketbook; bun-mei n ᩝ᪺ civilization; bun-pō n ᩝἪ grammar; bún-shō n ᩝ❮ (written) sentence bún-… prefix ฦ part, portion, share; state, status; bun-ben n ฦ ፎ childbirth delivery; bun-dóki n ฦᗐჹ protractor; bun-jō n ฦ㆙ sale in lots, lotting out: ~manshon ฦ㆙࣏ࣤࢨࣘࣤ condominium; bun-kai n ฦゆ breakup (material); bun-katsu n ฦ๪ dividing, splitting; bun-pu n ฦᕱ distribution; bun-retsu n ฦ⿛ breakup (countries, human relationship); bun-ruí n ฦ㢦 classification; bun-sekí n ฦᯊ analysis; bun-tan n ฦᢰ (taking) partial charge; allotment, share: ~ shimásu ฦᢰࡊࡱࡌ takes partial charge of, shares in; pays/does one’s share …-bun suffix …ฦ numeral -th; yon-bun no ichí 4ฦࡡ one-fourth búppō n ௕Ἢ the teachings of Buddhism búrabura adv ࡩࡼࡩࡼ idly dangling, idling, hang around: ashi o



window shade burá(jā) n ࣇࣚࢩ࣭ࣔ bra(ssiere) Burajiru n ࣇࣚࢩࣜ Brazil burakku-bókkusu n ࣇࣚࢴࢠ࣍ࢴࢠ ࢪ black box burakku-kō´hii n ࣇࣚࢴࢠࢤ࣭ࣃ࣭ black coffee burakku-rísuto n ࣇࣚࢴࢠࣛࢪࢹ black list burakku-yū´moa n ࣇࣚࢴࢠ࣭࣓ࣗ࢓ black humor buránch n ࣇࣚࣤࢲ brunch burandē n ࣇࣚࣤࢸ࣭ brandy burando n ࣇࣚࣤࢺ brand buránketto n ࣇࣚࣤࢢࢴࢹ blanket buránko n ࣇࣚࣤࢤ a swing (in a park, etc.) burári (to) v ࡩࡼࡽ࡛ drop by burasagarimásu, burasagaru v ࡩࡼ ୖ࠿ࡽࡱࡌ, ࡩࡼୖ࠿ࡾ hangs (down) burasagemásu, burasageru v ࡩࡼୖ ࡅࡱࡌ, ࡩࡼୖࡅࡾ hangs (down), suspends búrashi n ࣇࣚࢨ brush; ha-burashi n ṉࣇࣚࢨ toothbrush buratsukimásu, buratsuku v ࡩࡼࡗ ࡀࡱࡌ, ࡩࡼࡗࡂ hangs around, wonders, strolls around buraun-kán n ࣇࣚࢗࣤ⟮ TV tube buráusu n ࣇࣚࢗࢪ blouse burauza n ࣇࣚࢗࢧ browser (computer) ~ sasemásu ㊂ࢅࡩࡼࡩࡼࡈࡎࡱ buréi n ↋♡ discourtesy; buréi na ࡌ swings one’s leg (back and adj ↋♡࡝ impolite, rude burēkā n ࣇ࣭࣭ࣝ࢜ circuit forth) buraindo n ࣇࣚ࢕ࣤࢺ sunblind, breaker (box) 23



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JAPANESE–ENGLISH



burē´ki



burē´ki n ࣇ࣭ࣝ࢞ (car) brake búshu n 㒂㤫 radical (Chinese burézā n ࣇࣝࢧ࣭ blazer: seifuku character): ~-kensaku 㒂㤫᳠⣬ no ~ โ᭱ࡡࣇࣝࢧ࣭ blazer index by radical …-búsoku n …୘㊂ shortage ne-~ uniform buríifu n ࣇ࣭ࣛࣆ brief(s) ᐱ୘㊂ not enough sleep buriifu-kē´su n ࣇ࣭ࣛࣆࢢ࣭ࢪ busshitsu n ∸㈹ matter, substance; busshitsu-teki (na) adj ∸㈹Ⓩ࡝ briefcase buríjji n ࣇࣛࢴࢩ bridge (card game) material buriki n ࣇࣛ࢞ tin busshoku n ∸Ⰵ looking around for burō´chi n ࣇ࣭ࣞࢲ brooch bussō´(na) adj ∸㥹࡝ troubled, burōdobando n ࣇ࣭ࣞࢺࣁࣤࢺ unsafe, dangerous búsu n ࡩࡌ ugly female broadband (computer) burogu n ࣇࣞࢡblog, weblog butá n ࣇࢰ࣬㇔ pig; buta-niku n burōkā n ࣇ࣭࣭ࣞ࢜ agent, broker ㇔⫏ pork burókkori(i) n ࣇࣞࢴࢤ࣭ࣛ bútai n ⯑ྋ stage bútai n 㒂㝪 detachment of troops, broccoli buronzu n ࣇࣞࣤࢫ bronze unit, outfit burū adj ࣇ࣭ࣜ feeling blue butchō-zura n ௕㡤㟻 a sullen face burudóggu n ࣇࣜࢺࢴࢡ bulldog bútikku n ࣇࢷ࢔ࢴࢠ boutique burudō´zā n ࣇࣜࢺ࣭ࢧ࣭ bullButsu n ௕ Buddha (= budda ௕ 㜸); butsu-dan n ௕ቨ household dozer (machine) burujoa n ࣇࣜࢩࣘ࢓ bourgeois altar (Buddhist); Butsu-zō n ௕ാ burūsu n ࣇ࣭ࣜࢪ blues (music) Buddha (statue) bu-sáhō n ↋>୘@షἪ a social būtsu n ࣇ࣭ࢵ boot gaffe, a faux pas; bu-sáhō na adj bútsubutsu iimásu (iu) v ࡩࡗࡩࡗゕ ↋>୘@షἪ࡝ rude, blunt ࠷ࡱࡌゕ࠹ complains bu-sata n ↋ἃụ neglecting to (muttering, grumbling) write/visit  go-busata ࡇ↋ἃụ butsukarimásu, butsukaru v ࡩࡗ࠾ búshi n Ṃኃ Japanese warrior, ࡽࡱࡌ, ࡩࡗ࠾ࡾ collides with,



samurai



runs into



bushí-dō n Ṃኃ㐠 Bushido, the way butsukemásu, butsukeru v ࡩࡗࡄ ࡱࡌ, ࡩࡗࡄࡾ hits of the samurai búsho n 㒂⨣ department (in the bútsuri, butsurígaku n ∸⌦,∸⌦Ꮥ office) physics; butsurigákú-sha n ∸⌦Ꮥ bushō (na) adj ↋>୘@⢥࡝ lazy; ⩽ physicist buttai n ∸మ thing, matter, object, slovenly; bushō-mono n ↋⢥⩽



sluggard, sloven person



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body, material body 24



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JAPANESE–ENGLISH



chákku



buttobashimásu, buttobasu v [INFORMAL] ぶっ飛ばします, ぶっ 飛ばす beats up, burns up buttōshi (de) adv [INFORMAL] ぶっ 通し(で)without a break: ~ de hatarakimásu ぶっ通しで働き ます works without a break buttsuke-honban (de) adv ぶっつけ 本番(で) without rehearsal buttsuzuke (de) adv [INFORMAL] ぶっ続け(で) without a break,



byō´… prefix 病... sickness, patients; byō-in n 病院 hospital; clinic, health service: kyükyü-~ 救急病院 emergency hospital; byō-ki (no) adj 病気(の) sick, ill; sickness, illness: ~-gachi (na) 病気がち(な) sickly, unhealthy; byō-nin n 病人 an invalid, a patient; byō-reki n 病歴 medical



history byō´ n 鋲 a tack; a thumbtack (= continuously gabyø 画鋲) búzā n ブザー buzzer byōbu n 屏風 screen (folding) byákudan n ビャクダン・白壇 byōdō (na) adj 平等(な) equal sandalwood byōsha n 描写 depiction, descripbyō´ n 秒 a second (of time); byō´- tion: ~ ga umai 描写が上手い is good at describing yomi n 秒読み countdown



C cha n 茶(o-chá お茶) tea, green tea; cha-dái n 茶代 (o-chadái お茶代) ① tea charges (in café, etc.) ② tip (money); cha-gará n 茶殻 tea leaves; cha-iro (no) adj 茶色(の) brown; cha-no-má n 茶の間(o-cha-no-má お茶の間)



cha-wán-mushi n 茶碗むし



steamed egg hotchpotch in a teacup (made from broth and egg) …cha suffix …ちゃ = …-téwa … ては (doing/being, if one does/ be) (Japanese style) living room: cháchi (na) adj [INFORMAL] ちゃち o-cha-no-má de onajimi お茶 (な) petty, flimsy, cheap の間でお馴染み familiar to TV chā´han n チャーハン・炒飯 viewers; cha-nomi-tómodachi n (Chinese) fried rice 茶飲み友達 coffee-drinking cháimu n チャイム chime companion, crony; cha-sají n chairudo-shíito n チャイルドシート child seat 茶匙 teaspoon; cha-wán n 茶碗 (o-cháwan お茶碗) ① rice bowl chājí n チャージ charge ② tea cup (for tea ceremony); chákku n チャック zipper 25



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chakashimásu, chakasu



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



chakashimásu, chakasu v [INFORMAL] attached to children’s or girls’ ࡔࡶ࠾ࡊࡱࡌ, ࡔࡶ࠾ࡌ mimes, names. [INFORMAL]) chanbará n ࡔࡶࢆࡣࡼ sword batmakes fun of, ridicules … cháku suffix …╌ arriving at tle (historical period drama) chánchara okashíi adj ࡔࡶࢆࡔࡶࡼ (TIME/PLACE) chakkarishite-(i)másu ((i)ru) v [INFOR- ࠽࠾ࡊ࠷ [INFORMAL] laughable, MAL] ࡔࡶࡖ࠾ࡽࡊ࡙࠷ ࡱࡌ absurd, fiddle-dee-dee ࠷ ࡾ is nimble, adroit, chánnerú n ࢲࣔࣤࢾࣜ channel (TV) chánpion n ࢲࣔࣤࣅ࢛ࣤ champion shrewd and calculating chakkō n ╌ᕝ starting chánpon n ࡔࡶࢆࡰࢆ alternating, chakuchaku (to) adv ╌ࠍ࡛ skipping back and forth, mixing



steadily



one’s drinks/foods



chakuchí n ╌ᆀ landing on chánsu n ࢲࣔࣤࢪ chance chakufukú n ╌᭱ [BOOKISH] embez- chantó adv ࡔࡶࢆ࡛ safe(ly) (with-



zlement, misappropriation chakugán n ╌╉ [BOOKISH] attention; chakugán-ten ╌╉Ⅴ view-



point chakujítsu (na) adj ╌ᐁ࡝



steady, constant chakunan n ᎚⏠ [BOOKISH] heir,



eldest son



out incident), firmly, securely; chantó shita adj ࡔࡶࢆ࡛ࡊࡒ



proper, secure chárachara shita adj ࡔࡶࡼࡔࡶࡼ ࡊࡒ [INFORMAL] showy [IN NEGATIVE SENSE]



charanporán (na) adj [INFORMAL] ࡔࡶࡼࢆࡰࡼࢆ࡝ irrespon-



chakurikú n ╌㝛 (from sky or wide



sible, sloppy, halfway, unreliwater area) landing, touching able [IN NEGATIVE SENSE] charénji n ࢲࣔࣝࣤࢩ challenge ground chakushi n ᎚Ꮔ [BOOKISH] heir charinkó n ࢲࣔࣛࣤࢤ [INFORMAL] chakushoku n ╌Ⰵ coloring, stain, bicycle cháritii n ࢲࣔࣛࢷ࢔࣭ charity color chákushu v ╌ᡥ [BOOKISH] begin, charumerá n ࢲ࣒ࣔࣜࣚ noodle start vendor’s flute chakusō n ╌᝷ [BOOKISH] concep- chāshū n ࢲ࣭ࣔࢨ࣭ࣖ (Chinese) tion, idea, inspiration roast pork; chāshū-men n ࢲ࣭ࣔ chakusúi n ╌Ề landing on water, ࢨ࣭ࣖ㯕 Chinese noodles with splashing down sliced roast pork chā´mingu n ࢲ࣭࣐ࣔࣤࢡ charm- chātā n ࢲ࣭ࣔࢰ࣭ charter; chātābin n ࢲ࣭ࣔࢰ࣭౼ chartered ing, attractive …(-) chan suffix …ࡔࡶࢆ (mostly flight, charter service 26



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JAPANESE–ENGLISH



chíimu



chatto n ࢲࣔࢴࢹ chatting, chat



chíbi n ࡔࡦ [INFORMAL] midget; (Internet) chibi-kko n ࡔࡦࡖᏄ (tiny) tot chékku n ࢲ࢘ࢴࢠ 1. v check 2. n chibirimásu, chibiru v ࡔࡦࡽࡱࡌ, check (bank) (= kogitte ᑚวᡥ) ࡔࡦࡾ [INFORMAL] wets one’s 3. n check (pattern) pants, wets oneself chekku-áuto n ࢲ࢘ࢴࢠ࢓ࢗࢹ chíbu n ᜕㒂 1. private parts, check-out pubic area 2. source of embarchekkú-in n ࢲ࢘ࢴࢠ࢕ࣤ check-in rassment chē´n n ࢲ࣭࢘ࣤ chain, snow chain chíbusa n ஘ᡛ (woman’s) breasts chéro n ࢲ࢘ࣞ cello chichi (oya) n ∏の father chi n ⾉ blood: ~ ga demásu ⾉࠿ chichi n ஘ 1. mother’s milk ฝࡱࡌ bleeds; chi-bashítta adj ⾉ 2. breasts and nipples; chi(chi)bánare n ஘㞫ࡿ is weaned ㉦ࡖࡒ bloodshot; chi-daraké adj ⾉ࡓࡼࡄ bloody; chi-namagusái chidorí-ashi n ༐㫵㊂ swaying gait, adj ⾉⏍⮧࠷ bloody; chi-no-ke ga a reeling movement nái adj ⾉ࡡẴ࠿࡝࠷ pale chié n ▩ᜠ wisdom; chié-okure (no) chi n ᆀ ground, earth, land: ~ ni n, adj ▩ᜠ㐔ࡿࡡ mentally ashi o tsukemásu ᆀ࡞㊂ࢅࡗࡄ retarded ࡱࡌ grounds oneself; chi-chū´ n chién n 㐔ᘇ [BOOKISH] delay ᆀ୯ underground; chi-hei-sén n chífusu n ࢲࣆࢪ typhus (fever), ᆀᖲ⥲ horizon (on land); chi-hō´, typhoid (fever) chí-iki n ᆀ᪁ area, region, province, chigaí 㐢࠷ n difference, discrepdistrict; chí-ka n ᆀୖ underground: ancy ~shitsu ᆀୖᐄ basement: ~tetsu chigaimásu, chigau v 㐢࠷ࡱࡌ, 㐢 ᆀୖ㕪 subway; chi-kakú n ᆀṾ ࠹ is different; is wrong; is not (geology) the earth’s crust; chí-ku like that chigirimásu, chigiru v ༐วࡽࡱࡌ, n ᆀ༇ section, sector (area); chi-shitsú n ᆀ㈹ the geology (of ༐วࡾ tears into pieces a place); chi-sō n ᆀᒒ (geology) chigúhagú (na) adj ࡔࡃࡢࡃ࡝ , stratum; chi-tai n ᆀᖈ zone: ill-assorted, mismatched, is all anzen-~ Ꮽධᆀᖈ safety zone; mixed up: ~ na kaiwa ࡔࡃࡢࡃ chí-zu n ᆀᅒ map ࡝ఌヨ talking at cross-purposes chián n ἖Ꮽ law and order, security, chihō (-shō´) n ⑭࿄⑍ dementia chíi n ᆀన rank, position, status public order chiaríidā n ࢲ࢓࣭ࣛࢱ࣭ cheerchíifu n ࢲ࣭ࣆ chief chíimu n ࢲ࣭࣑ team; chiimuwāku n leader Chibetto n ࢲ࣊ࢴࢹ Tibet ࢲ࣭࣑࣭࣠ࢠ teamwork



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chiisái, chíisa na



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



chiisái, chíisa na adj ᑚࡈ࠷, ᑚࡈ࡝ approach, brings close; associ-



little, small



ates (keeps company) with; can approach it chika-zukimásu, chika-zúku v ㎾௛ࡀ ࡱࡌ, ㎾௛ࡂ (= chika-yorimásu, chika-yoru ㎾ᐞࡽࡱࡌ, ㎾ᐞࡾ) chíketto n ࢲࢢࢴࢹ ticket chikén n ▩ず knowledge, learning, information chíkin n ࢲ࢞ࣤ chicken chikokú n 㐔็ lateness chíkubi n ஘㤫 nipple, teat chíkuchiku-shimásu (suru) v ࡔࡂࡔ ࡂࡊࡱࡌࡌࡾ pricks, prickles, tickles chikuón-ki n ⏾㡚ᶭ phonograph chikúrimásu, chikuru v ࢲࢠࡽࡱࡌ, recently chikaí n ㄃࠷ vow, pledge, oath ࢲࢠࡾ tells, snitches on chikái adj ㎾࠷ near, close by: ~ chikusekí n ⵫✒ accumulation, uchí ni ㎾࠷࠹ࡔ࡞ in the near store chikushō, chikishō ⏾⏍, ࡔࡀࡊࡺ࠹ future chikaimásu, chikáu v ㄃࠷ࡱࡌ, ㄃࠹ 1. interj Damn! (curse) 2. n swears, vows, pledges beast(s) chíkaku adj, adv ㎾ࡂ 1. close chikuwá n ࢲࢠ࣠ broiled fish cake 2. near-by 3. shortly chikyū´ n ᆀ⌣ the Earth; chikyū´-gi chikakú n ▩つ perception n ᆀ⌣ൢ globe chiká-michi n ㎾㐠 short cut chímachima adv ࡔࡱࡔࡱ small chikán n ⑭₆ (sexual) molester, and neatly arranged: ~ to kurashimásu ࡔࡱࡔࡱ࡛ᬵࡼࡊࡱࡌ groper chikará n ງ power, strength; abil- lives frugally ity; effort (= o-chi-kara ࠽ງ); chimatá n ᕩ public: ~ no uwasa influence dewa… ᕩࡡ࠹ࢂࡈ࡚ࡢ͐ chika-yorimásu, chika-yoru ㎾ᐞࡽࡱ People say that… ࡌ, ㎾ᐞࡾ approaches, draws/ chiméikizu n ⮬࿤ഭ vital wound, comes near fatal injury chika-zukemásu, chika-zukéru v ㎾௛ chiméiteki (na) adj ⮬࿤Ⓩ࡝ ࡄࡱࡌ, ㎾௛ࡄࡾ lets one fatal, capital, mortal, deadly 28 chíitā n ࢲ࣭ࢰ࣭ cheetah chiizu n ࢲ࣭ࢫ cheese chíji n ▩஥ governor chijimárimásu, chijimaru v ⦨ࡱࡽ ࡱࡌ, ⦨ࡱࡾ shrinks, shortens chijimemásu, chijimeru v ⦨ࡴࡱࡌ, ⦨ࡴࡾ shortens (it) chijimimásu, chijimu v ⦨ࡲࡱࡌ, ⦨ࡳ (it) shrinks chijín n ▩ெ [BOOKISH] acquaintance chijiremásu, chijireru v ⦨ࡿࡱࡌ, ⦨ࡿࡾ becomes curly chijoku n ᜕㎧ disgrace, shame chiká goro n, adv ㎾㡥 lately,



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chimitsú adj ⦋ᐠ close, minute, elaborate: ~ na keikaku ⦋ᐠ࡝ ゛⏤ careful planning chinatsu n 㙘ᅸ suppression chinbotsu n ỷἈ sinking chínchin n ࡔࢆࡔࢆo-chínchin ࠽ࡔࢆࡔࢆ penis [baby, infor-



mal talk]



chíshiki



ࢲࣚකࡽࡱࡌකࡾ glimmers chírachira suru mono n ࢲࣚࢲࣚࡌ ࡾࡵࡡ fluff stuff chirári-to-mimásu (miru) v ࡔࡼࡽ࡛ ずࡱࡌずࡾ glances chira(ka)shimásu, chira(ka)su v ᩋࡼ ࠾ ࡊࡱࡌ, ᩋࡼ࠾ ࡌ scatters,



strews



chinden n ỷẂ deposition, preci- chirashí n ࢲࣚࢨ leaflet pitation: ~ shimásu ỷẂࡊࡱࡌ is chirashí-zushi n ࡔࡼࡊᑋྒྷ>㩟@



deposited, settles down chíngin n ㈜㔘 wage chinjutsú n 㝖㏑ statement, parol chinka n ỷୖ sinkage, subsidence chínmi n ⌃࿝ delicacy chinmokú n ỷ㯪 silence: ~ shimásu ỷ㯪ࡊࡱࡌ stops talking chínō n ▩⬗ intelligence; chinōshisū n ▩⬗ᣞᩐ intelligence



quotient



sushi rice covered with fish tidbits chiratsuki n ࡔࡼࡗࡀ flicker: gamen no ~ ⏤㟻ࡡࡔࡼࡗࡀ



screen that flickers chirí n ሶ dust (on ground, floor, etc.); chirí-tóri n ࡔࡽ>ሶ@ཱིࡽ



dustpan chíri n ᆀ⌦ the geography, the lay of the land; chirí-gaku n ᆀ⌦Ꮥ



chinomígo n ஘㣟ࡲᏄ an infant, nursling: ~ (o) kakaete ஘㣟ࡲᏄ ࢅ ᢢ࠻࡙ with a baby/babies chinpánjii n ࢲࣤࣂࣤࢩ࣭ chimpan-



(the study/science of) geography; chiri-jō (no) adj ᆀ⌦୕ࡡ geographical chiri-gamí, chiri-kami, chiri-shi n ࡔࡽ ⣤ tissues (Kleenex) (= tisshu zee chínpira n ࡔࢆࡧࡼ࣬ࢲࣤࣅࣚ a (pëpå) ࢷ࢔ࢴࢨ࣭ࣖ࣋ࣂ࣭ ) punk; hoodlum; juvenile delin- chirimásu, chiru v ᩋࡽࡱࡌ, ᩋࡾ disperses, scatters, falls about quent chinretsu n 㝖า exhibition, display chiryō n ἖⒢ treatment (medical) chinseizai n 㙘㟴๠ sedative, chísei n ▩ᛮ intellect, mind, tranquilizer intelligence, mentality chinshaku n ㈜ೇ letting and hiring, chiséi n ἖ୠ reign rental chishiteki (na) adj ⮬ṒⓏ࡝ deathchíntai n ㈜㈒ lease, rental, rented dealing chisetsú n ⛮ᣃ childish apartment chíppu n ࢲࢴࣈ tip (money) chíshiki n ▩ㆉ knowledge; chishikíchírachira hikarimásu (hikaru) v ࢲࣚ jin n ▩ㆉெ intellectual(s) 29



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Chishimá



Chishimá n ༐ᓞ, ~-réttø ༐ᓞาᓞ …chōdái interj ࡔࡺ࠹ࡓ࠷ the Kurile Islands [INFORMAL] 1. Please 2. Give me… chishíryō n ⮬Ṓ㔖 overdose chōdo adv ࡔࡺ࠹࡜ exactly, just chísso n ࢲࢴࢮ࣬✽⣪ nitrogen chōgō n ㄢྙ preparation chissokú n ✽᜝ suffocation chō´hō (na) adj 㔔᐀࡝ useful, chisui n ἖Ề flood control convenient, valued; ~ garimásu chitchái adj ࡔࡖࡔࡶ࠷ [INFORMAL] 㔔᐀࠿ࡽࡱࡌ values, cherishes,



little



makes full use of



chiteki (na) adj ▩Ⓩ࡝ intelligent, intellectual (= chiseiteki (na) ▩ ᛮⓏ࡝ ) chitsu n ⭴ vagina chítsujo n ⛓ᗆ order, discipline,



system



chō´ji n ୍Ꮔ cloves chō´jo n 㛏ዥ eldest daughter chojō´ n 㡤୕ top, summit, peak chō´ka n ㉰㐛 [BOOKISH] excess chōkán n 㛏ᏻ chief (head) chō´ki n 㛏᭿ long period, long



chittó-mo adv ࡔࡖ࡛ࡵ [ NEGATIVE range verb] [INFORMAL] not a bit, not in chokín n ㈋㔘 deposit, savings; the least: ~ ki ni narimasen ࡔࡖ࡛ chokin-bako n ㈋㔘⟵ saving box ࡵẴ࡞࡝ࡽࡱࡎࢆ not care a bit chokkán n ├វ intuition chō n ⭘ intestines chokkí n ࢲࣘࢴ࢞ vest chō´ n ࢲࣘࢗ࣬⼎butterfly; chō- chōkoku n ᙦ็ carving, engraving músubi n ⼎⤎ࡦ bow (of a ribchoko(rē´to) n ࢲࣘࢤ࣭ࣝࢹ bon); chō-nékutai n ⼎ࢾࢠࢰ࢕ chocolate chō´ku n ࢲ࣭ࣘࢠ chalk bow tie (…-)chō´ suffix … ୍ block (or chokuryū´ n ├Ὦ DC, direct current chokusén n ├⥲ straight line block area) of a city: (…-) chø-mé (…) ୍┘ (…-th) block chokusetsu adj, adv ├᥃ direct(ly) chō-kyóri n 㛏㊝㞫 long distance (of city) (…-) chō´ suffix … 㛏 head, chief, chō´mi n ㄢ࿝ seasoning (food); chōmí-ryō n ㄢ࿝ᩩ spice leader (…-) chō´ suffix … ඗ trillion chō´nán n 㛏⏠ eldest son chóbo n ࡔࡺ࡯ a dot chónbo n ࡔࡺࢆ࡯࣬ࢲࣘࣤ࣍ a chōbó n ᖋ⡑ (account) book booboo, a goof, a blunder chōchín n ላ⅁ lantern chōryū n ₳Ὦ current, tide; trend chō´chō n ⏣㛏 town mayor chō´sa n ㄢᰕ examination, chōdai-shimásu (suru) v ࡔࡺ࠹ࡓ࠷ inquiry, investigation, research, >㡤ᡕ@ࡊࡱࡌࡌࡾ I (humbly) survey chosáku-ken n ⴥషᶊ copyright receive/accept



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Chūgoku-chíhō



chōséi n ㄢᩒ adjustment chōsén n ᣦᡋ challenge; chōsénsha n ᣦᡋ⩽ challenger Chō´sén n ᭽㩥 → Kita Chōsén, Kankoku chōsetsú n ㄢ⟿ → chōséi chósha n ⴥ⩽ writer, author chōshí n ㄢᏄ tune; condition; trend; ~ ga demásu ㄢᏄ࠿ฝࡱࡌ gets into the swing of things: ~ ga ii/warui ㄢᏄ࠿࠷࠷ᝇ࠷ is



high school); chū-gáku-sei n ୯Ꮥ ⏍ junior high school student; chū-gatá (no) n ୯ᆵࡡ mediumsize (model); chū-gén n ୯ඔ midsummer gift; chū-jíen n ୯⪝ⅎ middle ear infection; chū-jún n ୯᪢ the middle of (month); chūkán n ୯㛣 middle: ~-shiken ୯㛣 ム㥺 intermediate exam, ~-kanrishoku ୯㛣⟮⌦⫃ mid-level executive, middle management; chū-nen n ୯ᖳ middle age, ~ (no) in good/bad condition chósho n ⴥ᭡ one’s book ୯ᖳࡡ middle-aged (person); chō´sho n 㛏ᡜ strong point, adchū´-sa n ୯ఫ lieutenant colonel, vantage, merit (navy) commander; chū´-sei n ୯ chōshokú n ᭽㣏 morning meal, ୠ medieval times, the Middle breakfast (= asa-gohan ᭽ࡇ㣜) Ages; chū-shōkígyō n ୯ᑚ௺ᴏ chōshu n ⫀ཱི listening in; chōshu- medium-sized and small comsha n ⫀ཱི⩽ (radio) listener panies; Chū´-tō n ୯᮶ the Middle chōshū n ⫀⾏ audience East; chū-toró n ୯࡛ࢀ࣬୯ࢹࣞ chōshū n ᚡ཭ [BOOKISH] collection medium-fat (pink) tuna …-chū suffix ୯ 1. ... chü (ni) ...୯ (of taxes, etc.), levying chosúi-chi n ㈋Ềờ reservoir (࡞) during, while, within (time) chō´ten n 㡤Ⅴ climax, peak, high- 2. ... chü (no) ...୯(ࡡ) in course point …of, under (doing); kōji-chū n chō-tsúgai n ⼎ࡗ࠿࠷ hinge ᕝ஥୯ under construction chótto adv ࡔࡺࡖ࡛ just a little; chū´bu n ࢲ࣭ࣖࣇ tube chū´cho n ࡔࡸ࠹ࡔࡺ࣬㌃㌁ just a minute; somewhat chottóshitá adj … ࡔࡺࡖ࡛ࡊࡒ… [BOOKISH] hesitation 1. slight, trivial 2. quite a …, a chū´doku n ୯Ẑ addiction, decent/respectable …: ~ toraburu poisoning; shoku-chū´doku 㣏୯Ẑ ࡔࡺࡖ࡛ࡊࡒࢹࣚࣇࣜ queer food poisoning chōwá n ㄢ࿰ harmony, agreement Chū´goku n ୯ᅗ China; Chūgokú-jin chū n Ἰ annotation, note n ୯ᅗெ a Chinese; Chūgoku-go n chū adj ୯ middle; medium; chū´- ୯ᅗㄊ Chinese (language) bu n ୯㒂 middle (part); chū-gákkō Chūgoku-chíhō n ୯ᅗᆀ᪁ the Chun ୯Ꮥᰧ middle school (junior goku area of Japan 31



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chū´i



chū´i n Ἰណ attention; note, notice, reminder: ~ shimásu Ἰណࡊࡱࡌ ① pays attention ② is careful of ③ advises, warns; chūi-bukái adj Ἰណ῕࠷ careful chūingámu n ࢲ࣭ࣖ࢕࣑ࣤ࢝



chewing gum



sha-kinshi n 㥌㌬⚏Ḿ No Parking chūshá n Ἰᑏ injection: yobø-~ ஢㜭Ἰᑏ preventive injection, immunization; chūshá-ki n Ἰᑏჹ



syringe (for injections) chūshí n ୯Ḿ suspension (abeyance) chūshín n ୯ᚨ center, heart, middle; chūshín no adj ୯ᚨࡡ central; chūshín-chi n ୯ᚨᆀ



chūjitsu (na) adj ᚽᐁ࡝ faithful chū´ka n, adj ୯⳱ Chinese…, Chinese food; chū´ka-gai n ୯⳱⾜ central area chūshō n ୯ഭ slander Chinatown; chū´ka-ryō´ri(-ten) n ୯⳱ᩩ⌦ᗉ Chinese cooking chūshokú n ᫠㣏 lunch (= hirugóhan ᫠ࡇ㣜, ranchi ࣚࣤࢲ) (restaurant) chūkái n ௯௒ mediation; chūkáichūshō-teki (na) adj ᢫㇗Ⓩ࡝ gyōsha n ௯௒ᴏ⩽ broker, abstract chūsū (shinkei) n ୯ᯙ♼⤊ nerve intermediary agent chūko (no) adj ୯ཿࡡ secondcenter hand; chūkó-sha n ୯ཿ㌬ used car chūsúi-ki n ἸỀჹ douche, syringe chūkokú n ᚽ࿈ advice (for water) chūmoku n Ἰ┘ attention, notice chūto (de) adv ୯㏭࡚ on the chūmon n Ἰᩝ an order (of goods) way, halfway chūō´ n ୯ኳ the center; chūō no chūyō n ୯ᗜ [BOOKISH] moderaadj ୯ኳࡡ central; Chūō-sen n tion: ~ o emásu ୯ᗜࢅᚋࡱࡌ ୯ኳ⥲ the (JR) Chuo Line exercises moderation chūritsú n ୯❟ neutral(ity) chūzái n, 㥌ᅹ residence, preschūséi n ᚽㄌ loyalty, fidelity, ence; chūzái-in n 㥌ᅹဤ resident allegiance officer; chūzái-táishi n 㥌ᅹኬ౐ chūséi adj ୯ᛮ neutral ambassador chūsén n ᢫㐽 lottery, drawing chūzetsu n ୯⤧ abortion: ~-shuchūshá n 㥌㌬ parking; chūsha-jō n jutsu o ukemásu ୯⤧ᡥ⾙ࢅུࡄ 㥌㌬ሔ parking lot/garage; chūࡱࡌ undergoes an abortion



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…´-dai



D … da suffix …ࡓ → … -ta ࡒ shikashi ࡊ࠾ࡊ) … dá v …ࡓ = … désu …࡚ࡌ is; dageki n ᡬᦹ blow, shock daha n ᡬ◒ defeat it is daben n 㥇ᘒ idle talk: ~ o røshi- dái- prefix ➠ [+ number] number másu 㥇ᘒࢅࢀ࠹ࡊࡱࡌ talks …; (= …-banmé…␊┘) [numeral] rubbish, talks nonsense: ~ka 㥇ᘒ -th; (separate word except when ᐓ long-winded speaker attached to a single-unit numeral); daberimásu, dabéru v ࡓ࡬ࡽࡱࡌ, dái-go adj ➠஫ number five; (= ࡓ࡬ࡾ shoots the breeze/bull, go-banmé ஫␊┘) fifth; dái-ichi chews the fat (idly talks) adj ➠ୌ number one; (= ichibanmé ୌ␊┘) first: dái-ichi no dabingu n ࢱࣄࣤࢡ dubbing daboku-shō n ᡬ᧖ഭ bruise ➠ୌࡡ (the) first; dái-ichi ni ➠ୌ dabudabu (no) adj ࡓࡩࡓࡩࡡ ࡞ first (of all); Dái-ni-ji Sekaitaisen ➠஦ḗୠ⏲ኬᡋ World baggy, loose, full, voluminous: ~ no fuku ࡓࡩࡓࡩࡡ᭱ volumi- War II; dái-san adj ➠୔ number nous dress three; (= sanbanmé ୔␊┘) daburimásu, dabúru v ࢱࣇࡽࡱࡌ, third: ~-sha ➠୔⩽ third party ࢱࣇࡾ gets doubled, overlaps, dái n 㢗 1. title (= daimei 㢗ྞ) repeats, is repeated (by mistake) 2. topic, theme (= daimokú 㢗┘) dáburu n ࢱࣇࣜ 1. = ~-rü´mu ࢱࣇ dai ௥ 1. n (o-dai ࠽௥) charge ࣭࣑ࣜࣜ a double (room) 2. (fee), bill: o-~ wa itadakimasen ࠽௥ࡢ࠷ࡒࡓࡀࡱࡎࢆ Complidouble(-size) drink 3. doublebreasted suit 4. ~-su ࢱࣇࣜࢪ ments of the house.: takushii-~ ࢰࢠࢨ࣭௥ taxi fare 2. [numeral] (tennis) doubles; daburu-béddo n ࢱࣇࣜ࣊ࢴࢺ double bed -dai …age, generation: nijü´-~ dachin n 㥇㈜ reward, tip 20௥ twenties; ni-dai(me) 2௥┘ dada n 㥇ࠍ fretful: dadakko 㥇ࠍ The Second, junior (family) ࡖᏄ fretful/unreasonable/spoiled … dai suffix …ࡓ࠷ [INFORMAL] (= … désu ka …࡚ࡌ࠾ [FORMAL]): child dadappiroi adj ࡓࡓࡖᗀ࠷ rambling, dáre/nán dai ㄙరࡓ࠷ who/what



too spacious daeki n ၖᾦ [BOOKISH] saliva daen n ᳻ළ ellipse, oval dága conj ࡓ࠿ [BOOKISH] but (=



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daibā



daibā n ࢱ࢕ࣁ࣭ diver daiben n ኬ౼ defecation, bowel



movement, feces daiben n ௥ᘒ speaking for another daibingu n ࢱ࢕ࣄࣤࢡ dive daibu adv ኬฦ quite, very, much dai-búbun n ኬ㒂ฦ most, the



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



ni shite kudasái ࠽ మࢅ࠽ ኬ ஥࡞ࡊ࡙ୖࡈ࠷ take good care of yourself; daijí (na) adj ኬ஥࡝



important, precious dáijin n ኬ⮟ minister (cabinet) dai-jō´bu adj ኬ୓ኰ OK, all right;



safe (and sound); no need to worry, no problem: ~ desu ኬ୓ ኰ࡚ࡌ It’s all right. dáikichi n ኬྚ very good luck, excellent luck daikin n ௥㔘 the price/charge, the bill: ~ hikikae (de) ௥㔘ᘤᥦ࠻ ࡚ (= daibiki (de) ௥ᘤࡀ࡚ ) C.O.D., collect (on delivery) daikō n ௥⾔ acting as agent; daikō´-sha n ௥⾔⩽ agent daikō n ௥ㅦ substitute class/ teacher daikoku-bashira n ኬ㯦ᰍ pillar, breadwinner daikon n ኬ᰷ giant white radish; daikon-óroshi n ኬ᰷࠽ࢀࡊ grated radish dáiku n ኬᕝ carpenter daikyū n ௥ఆ compensation day, substitute holiday daiméishi n ௥ྞペ pronoun daimoku n 㢗┘ topic (= dái 㢗 daimyō´ n ኬྞ feudal lord dainamaito n ࢱ࢕ࢻ࣏࢕ࢹ dynamite dainashi n ྋ↋ࡊ ruin, spoil dainingu-kitchin (DK) n ࢱ࢕ࢼࣤ ࢡ࢞ࢴࢲࣤ (DK) a combined ~ o torimásu ኬ஥ࢅ࡛ࡽࡱࡌ dining room-kitchen, an eat-in plays it safe: (o-)karada o (o-)~ kitchen 34



majority daibutsu n ኬ௕ giant statue of Buddha daidái n ࢱ࢕ࢱ࢕࣬ᶫ bitter orange; daidái-iro n ᶫⰅ (color) orange dáidai adj, adv ௥ࠍ generation after generation, for generations daidokoro n ྋᡜ kitchen daietto n ࢱ࢕࢙ࢴࢹ diet daifuku (mochi) n ኬ⚗ࡵࡔ soft rice cake stuffed with sweet bean jam daigaku n ኬᏕ college, university; daigakú-in n ኬᏕ㝌 graduate school: ~ín-sei ኬᏕ㝌⏍ graduate student daigiin n ௥㆗ဤ deputy daigishi n ௥㆗ኃ Diet member daigomi n 㓤㓦࿝ relish, whole point daihitsu n ௥➱ ghost-writing daihon n ྋᮇ script (= kyakuhon ⬦ᮇ) daihyō n ௥⾪ representative; daihyō-sha n ௥⾪⩽ a representative (person) daiji n ኬ஥ a matter of importance;



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dan



dainingu-rūmu n ࢱ࢕ࢼࣤࢡ࣭࣑ࣜ



sum 2. higher by …: hyakuéndaka Ⓤළ㧏 100 yen up dining room daí (no) … adj ኬࡡ …, dai-… dákara (sa) conj ࡓ࠾ࡼࡈ and ኬ… big, great; dai-kirai (na) adj so; therefore; that’s why ኬ᎒࠷࡝ loathing, aversion; … daké suffix …ࡓࡄ only, just: dái-suki (na) adj ኬይࡀ࡝ … (-ta) ~ de …ࡒ ࡓࡄ࡚ just favorite, greatly liked; dai-tasū n from (having done it) ኬኣᩐ large number; majority dakemásu, dakeru v ᢢࡄࡱࡌ, ᢢࡄ dairi n ௥⌦ commission, agent, ࡾ can hug, can hold in the arms agency; dairi-bo n ௥⌦ẍ surro- dakimásu, daku v ᢢࡀࡱࡌ, ᢢࡂ gate mother; dairí-nin n ௥⌦ெ holds in the arms agent; dairí-ten n ௥⌦ᗉ agency dakyō n ጂ༝ compromise daishi n ྋ⣤ mount, board (art) damarimásu, damáru v 㯪ࡽࡱࡌ, 㯪 dai-shō n ኬᑚ size ࡾ is/becomes silent; shuts up dai-shō n ௥ർ price, compensation, damashimásu, damásu v 㥼ࡊࡱࡌ, 㥼ࡌ deceives, cheats reparation dái-sū n ௥ᩐ algebra, literal damé (na) adj 㥇┘࡝ no good, arithmetic no use, won’t; bad, broken, maldaitai adv ኬమ in general, on the functioning; don’t!; ~ ni shimásu 㥇┘࡞ࡊࡱࡌ ruins it, spoils it whole, approximately, almost daitán (na) adj ኬ⫱࡝ bold dámu n ࢱ࣑ dam daitōryō n ኬ⤣㡷 president (of a dán n ṹ 1. step(s); grade, order 2. (page) column; scene, act nation) dáiya n 1. ࢱ࢕ࣕ schedule (train) 3. (…dán … ṹ) case, event; 2. (= daiyamóndo) ࢱ࢕࣓ࣕࣤ dan-chō no omoi n ᩷⭘ࡡᛦ࠷ ࢺ diamond heartbreaking grief; dan-dán adv daiyaku n ௥ᙲ substitute, alternate ṹࠍ gradually; dan-kai n ṹ㝭 daiyaru n ࢱ࢕ࣕࣜ dial grade, rank, stage (of a process); daiyō n ௥⏕ substitution dan-raku n ṹⴘ paragraph; dan-tei daiza n ྋᗑ pedestal, seat n ᩷ᏽ decision, conclusion daizai n 㢗ᮞ material, subject dan n ᅆ group, party, team; danmatter: kankyø-hogo o ~ ni shita chi n ᅆᆀ housing development; eiga ⎌ሾಕ㆜ࢅ㢗ᮞ࡞ࡊࡒ᫆⏤ dan-chō n ᅆ㛏 leader, head; dango film on ecology n ᅆᏄ dumpling; dan-tai n ᅆమ dáizu n ኬ㇃࣬ࢱ࢕ࢫ soy beans organization, group dajare n 㥇὏ⴘ pun, equivoque dan n ቨ platform …´-daka …㧏 1. quantity, volume; dan n conversation, talk; dan-shō 35



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dan-…



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



n ㄧ➏ chatting; dan-wa n ㄧヨ [BOOKISH] conversation: ~-shitsu ㄧヨᐄ common room dan-… prefix ⏠ male; dán-jo n ⏠ዥ male and female: ~-kyøgaku ⏠ዥභᏕ coeducation; dan-kon n ⏠᰷ penis; dan-sei n ⏠ᛮ male; dán-shi n ⏠Ꮔ boy: ~-gakusei/ seito ⏠ᏄᏕ⏍⏍ᚈ schoolboy; dan-shō n ⏠ፕ male prostitute; dan-shoku n ⏠Ⰵ male homosexual love danatsu n ᙆᅸ suppression danbō n ᬦᡛ heating (of room, house); danbō-sō´chi n ᬦᡛ⿞⨠ heating device, radiator dangan n ᙆ୷ [BOOKISH] bullet dani n ࢱࢼ mite, tick danna n ᪞㑛 1. my husband



~ dé mo ㄙ࡚ࡵ anybody (at all), everybody; dáre ka pron ㄙ࠾ somebody, someone; dáre mo adv ㄙࡵ (not) anybody; [ NEGATIVE verb] nobody …darō´ suffix …ࡓࢀ࠹ probably, probably (it) is; I think; don’t you think? (= …deshø´ …࡚ࡊࡺ࠹ dasai adj ࡓࡈ࠷ tasteless, insipid, bland dasei n ᝴ᛮ inertia, (force of) habit dasha n ᡬ⩽ a batter/hitter dashí n ࡓࡊ soup stock, broth: ~ no moto ࡓࡊࡡ⣪ instant bouillon dashimásu, dásu v ฝࡊࡱࡌ, ฝࡌ puts out; serves (food/drink); produces; pays, spends; mails; begins dashimono v ฝࡊ∸ play, attrac2. ~-san/-sama ᪞㑛ࡈࢆᵕ tion, show (your/someone else’s) husband dashin n ᡬタ (medical examina3. master (of a shop, etc.) tion by) percussion, tapping; danpingu n ࢱࣤࣅࣤࢡ dumping sounding a person out danryoku n ᙆງ elastic force dashinuke (ni) adv ฝࡊᢜࡄ࡞ danshoku n ᬦⰅ warm color(s) abruptly dansu n ࢱࣤࢪ dance dashinukimásu, dashinuku v ฝࡊᢜ dan’yaku n ᙆⷾ ammunition, ࡀࡱࡌ, ฝࡊᢜࡂ outwits, gets powder and ball the better of daradara (to) adj ࡓࡼࡓࡼ࡛ dasoku n ⺤㊂ icing on the cake lengthy: ~ (to) sugoshimásu ࡓࡼ dassen n ⬲⥲ derailment ࡓࡼ࡛ 㐛ࡇࡊࡱࡌ slobs about dasshí-men n ⬲⬙⥝ absorbent daraku n ሃⴘ corruption cotton darari-to adv ࡓࡼࡽ࡛ loosely, dasshí-nyū n ⬲⬙஘ skim milk dasshū´-zai n ⬲⮧๠ deodorant lollingly darashinai adj ࡓࡼࡊ࡝࠷ slovenly, (personal) (= deodoranto ࢸ࢛ࢺ ࣚࣤࢹ) loose dáre pron ㄙ who: ~ no ㄙࡡ whose; dassō n ⬲㉦ escape, desertion 36



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dekimásu, dekíru



dā´su n ࢱ࣭ࢪ dozen: ichi-~ 1ࢱ ࣭ࢪ one dozen datai n ሃ⫶ abortion datō n ᡬ಻ overthrow, defeat datō adj ጂᙔ appropriate, reason-



its being; with (its being) [COPULA GERUND] …de arimásu v …࡚࠵ࡽࡱࡌ = … désu …࡚ࡌ is; it is …de gozaimashō´ v …࡚ࡇࡉ࠷ࡱࡊ ࡺ࠹ = … deshø´ …࡚ࡊࡺ࠹ able datsuraku n ⬲ⴘ omission, dropout probably is; I think it is (, sir/ datsuryoku n ⬲ງ faintness, lassi- ma’am) …de gozaimásu v …࡚ࡇࡉ࠷ࡱࡌ tude …dátta v …ࡓࡖࡒ was; it was [DEFERENTIAL] = …desu …࡚ࡌ is; (= …déshita … ࡚ࡊࡒ it is (sir/ma’am) dattai n ⬲㏝ withdrawal …de imásu v …࡚࠷ࡱࡌ stays/ …dáttara conj …ࡓࡖࡒࡼ if/when keeps (goes on) being …de orimásu v …࡚࠽ࡽࡱࡌ it is (or was) …dáttari (shimásu/desu) suffix …ࡓ [DEFERENTIAL/HUMBLE] (I/we) ࡖࡒࡽࡊࡱࡌ࡚ࡌ being rep- stay/keep (go on) being deaikeisaito n ฝఌ࠷⣌ࢦ࢕ࢹ dating resentatively/sometimes/alternately …: dáttari…ja nákattari service website, meet-a-mate site, …ࡓࡖࡒࡽ…ࡋࡶ࡝࠾ࡖࡒࡽ online dating website (Internet) (is) off and on, sometimes is and de-aimásu, de-áu v ฝఌ࠷ࡱࡌ, ฝ ఌ࠹: … ni de-aimásu …࡞ฝఌ sometimes isn’t dátte conj ࡓࡖ࡙ but; however, ࠷ࡱࡌ encounters, meets, happens even so, though (= démo ࡚ࡵ to see/meet, runs/bumps into …dátte suffix …ࡓࡖ࡙ even being déguchi n ฝཾ exit, outlet …; … or something (= …démo deiríguchi n ฝථࡽཾ gate(way), … ࡚ࡵ doorway de n ฝ 1. a person’s origins dekakemásu, dekakeru v ฝ᤻ࡄࡱࡌ, (family, birthplace, school); (… ฝ᤻ࡄࡾ starts off/out, goes out, no ~ …ࡡฝ) born in/of …, a departs graduate of … 2. (out)flow: mizu dekiai n ⁊យ blind love no ~ ga íi Ềࡡฝ࠿࠷࠷ᝇ࠷ has dekiai (no) adj ฝᮮྙ࠷ࡡ readygood/bad water pressure 3. emer- made gence, appearance dekígoto n ฝᮮ஥ happening, …de particle …࡚ → …-te …࡙ accident …dé suffix …࡚ (happening) at, in, dekimásu, dekíru v ฝᮮࡱࡌ, ฝᮮࡾ on; with, by (means of), through can (do), is possible, produced, …dé conj …࡚ is/was and; being, done, finished, through, ready 37



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dekí-mónó, o-déki



dekí-mónó, o-déki n ࡚ࡀࡵࡡ, ࠽࡚ denchō n 㞹ᰍ telephone/light ࡀ swelling, sore, boil, pimple pole dekíru-dake adv ࡚ࡀࡾࡓࡄ as dendō n ఎ㐠 conduction; dendōsha n ఎ㐠⩽ a missionary much as possible dek(k)ai adj ࡚ࡖ ࠾࠷ [INFORMAL] déndō n 㞹ິ electric operation, big (= økii ኬࡀ࠷) electric-powered; déndō-isu n dékki n ࢸࢴ࢞ deck 㞹ິ᳌Ꮔ electric-powered dekoboko (no) adj ࡚ࡆ࡯ࡆࡡ wheelchair 1. bump(y), rough (road, etc.) dengon n ఎゕ message (= messëji 2. uneven(ness), imbalance ࣒ࢴࢬ࣭ࢩ déma n ࢸ࣏ false rumor denki n ఎエ biography demae n ฝ๑ catering, food dénki n 㞹Ẵ electricity, power; delivered to order, restaurant lights; denki-sutándo n 㞹Ẵࢪࢰ ࣤࢺ desk/floor lamp; denki-yō´hin delivery (service/person) demásu, déru v ฝࡱࡌ, ฝࡾ goes/ n 㞹Ẵ⏕ဗ electrical appliances; comes out, emerges, appears; is denki-kónro n 㞹Ẵࢤࣤࣞ hot plate; denki-sōjíki n 㞹Ẵᤪ㝎ᶭ served; leaves, starts démo conj ࡚ࡵ but, however, vacuum cleaner; denki-ya (san) n 㞹Ẵᒁࡈࢆ electrician even so, though démo n ࢸ࣓ demonstration denmāku n ࢸ࣏࣭ࣤࢠ Denmark … démo suffix …࡚ࡵ even/also dénpa n 㞹ἴ electric wave,



(being) …, even if it be; …or something: gaka ~ sakka ~ ari-



radiowave



democracy



bill)



denpō n 㞹ሒ telegram, telegraph masen. ⏤ᐓ࡚ࡵషᐓ࡚ࡵ࠵ࡽࡱ denpun n ࡚ࢆࡪࢆ starch (for ࡎࢆ is neither a painter nor a cooking); denpún-shitsu (no) n (adj) ࡚ࢆࡪࢆ㈹ࡡ starch(y) writer demokurashii n ࢸ࣓ࢠࣚࢨ࣭ denpyō n ఎ⚂ check (restaurant de-mukaemásu, de-mukaéru v ฝ㎼࠻ denrai n ఎᮮ [BOOKISH] introducࡱࡌ, ฝ㎼࠻ࡾ meets, greets, tion, import: senzo ~ (no) ඙♵ఎ ᮮࡡ descendant, patrimonial welcomes denbu n ⮄㒂 [BOOKISH] buttock, denrei n ఎ௦ [BOOKISH] orderly,



hips (medical) denbun n ఎ⪲ hearsay denbun n 㞹ᩝ telegram, tele-



herald dénryoku n 㞹ງ electric power; denryoku-gáisha n 㞹ງఌ♣ power



graphic message dénchi n 㞹ờ battery



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company denryū n 㞹Ὦ electric current



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do-…



densen n 㞹⥲ electric wire, power … déshita v …࡚ࡊࡒ 1. was; it line was 2. …-masén ~ …ࡱࡎࢆ࡚ densen n ఎ᯹ contagion; densen-byō ࡊࡒ didn’t n ఎ᯹⑋ contagious/infectious/ … deshō v …࡚ࡊࡺ࠹ probably,



disease, epidemic



probably (it) is; I think; don’t



densetsu n ఎㄕ tradition (legend): you think? ~ no otoko ఎㄕࡡ⏠ legendary … desu, dá v …࡚ࡌ, ࡓ is, has



man



been (and still is), will be; it is



dénsha n 㞹㌬ (electric) train,



dē´ta n ࢸ࣭ࢰ data detarame n ࡚ࡒࡼࡴ nonsense; streetcar dénshi (no) adj 㞹Ꮔࡡ electron(ic); detarame na adj ࡚ࡒࡼࡴ࡝ irredenshi-manē n㞹Ꮔ࣏ࢾ࣭ elecsponsible, unreliable detchiagemásu, detchiagéru v ࡚ࡖࡔ tronic money, cyberbuck ࠵ࡅࡱࡌ, ࡚ࡖࡔ࠵ࡅࡾ fake (Internet); denshi-shoseki n 㞹Ꮔ ᭡⡘ digital book, e-book, elec- dē´to n ࢸ࣭ࢹ date (time; engage-



tronic book (Internet)



ment)



dentatsu n ఎ㐡 conveyance,



dé wa conj ࡚ࡢ well then; in that transmission case; and so; and now (= ja ࡋࡶ) dentō n 㞹⅁ lamp, light, flashlight … dé wa suffix ࡚ࡢ (with) its dentō n ఎ⤣ tradition; dentō-teki (na) being, it is and; if it be: ~ arimasén (~ nái) …࡚ࡢ࠵ࡽࡱࡎࢆ adj ఎ⤣Ⓩ࡝ traditional denwa n 㞹ヨ telephone (call): ~ ࡚ࡢ࡝࠷ = ja arimasén (ja ni demásu 㞹ヨ࡞ฝࡱࡌ answers nái) ࡋࡶ࠵ࡽࡱࡎࢆࡋࡶ࡝࠷ the phone; ~ o kakemásu/ it is not shimásu 㞹ヨࢅ࠾ࡄࡱࡌࡊࡱࡌ dezáin n ࢸࢧ࢕ࣤ design makes a phone call; denwa-bángō dezáinā n ࢸࢧ࢕ࢻ࣭ designer dezā´to n ࢸࢧ࣭ࢹ dessert n 㞹ヨ␊ྒ telephone number; denwa-kōkánshu n 㞹ヨஹᥦᡥ dii-kē´ n ࢸ࢔࣭ࢢ࣭ (= DK) → dainingu-kítchin ࢱ࢕ࢼࣤࢡ࢞ࢴࢲࣤ telephone operator; denwa-sen n 㞹ヨ⥲ phone line, telephone disukáunto n ࢸ࢔ࢪ࢜ࢗࣤࢹ



wire(s)



discount



deodoranto n ࢸ࢛ࢺࣚࣤࢹ deo-



do n ᗐ degree; moderation; ~ o dorant sugoshimásu/koshimásu ᗐࢅ㐛 depāto n ࢸࣂ࣭ࢹ department store ࡇࡊࡱࡌ㉲ࡊࡱࡌ goes too far, déppa n ฝࡖṉ protruding tooth, goes to excess do-… prefix ࡜… exactly, really; bucktooth deshí n ᘭᏄ apprentice, disciple do-mannaka n ࡜┷ࢆ୯ dead



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JAPANESE–ENGLISH



center; do-konjō n ࡜᰷ᛮ a lot of the school in the same year (= guts dø-kyü´-sei ྜྷ⣥⏍), employees …-dó suffix …ᗐ 1. times (occawho joined the company in the sions) 2. degrees same year; dō-koku-jin n ྜྷᅗெ dō´ adj ࡜࠹ how, why; (in) what fellow countryman/countrymen; (way); Dō´-shimáshita ka. ࡜࠹ࡊࡱ dō-kyū´-sei n ྜྷ⣥⏍ classmate; ࡊࡒ࠾. What happened? What dō-ryō n ྜྷേ colleague; dō-sei did you do?; Dō´-itashimashite. ࡜࠹ (no) adj ྜྷᛮࡡ person of the ࠷ࡒࡊࡱࡊ࡙. You’re welcome. same sex; dō-sei (no) adj ྜྷጞࡡ dō´ n 㖙 copper (= aka-gane ࠵࠾ having the same name; dō-shitsú ࠿ࡠ࣬㖙); dō´-ka n 㖙㈄ coin n ྜྷᐄ same room: ~-sha ྜྷᐄ⩽ (brass or copper); dō-sei (no) adj roommate; dō-zai (no) adj ྜྷ⨝ 㖙⿿ࡡ made of copper ࡡ being equally guilty: døzaisha ྜྷ⨝⩽ fellow sinners dō´ n ⬏ torso (= døtai ⬏మ) dō´-… prefix ྜྷ… the same …; dóa n ࢺ࢓ door; doa-nobu n ࢺ࢓ dō-gaku n ྜྷ㢘 a like amount, the ࢿࣇ door knob same amount (of money); dō-gyō doai n ᗐྙ࠷ degree, level, rate n ྜྷᴏ same trade: ~-sha ྜྷᴏ⩽ do-bin n ᅰ⎴ teapot dobu n ࡜ࡩ࣬‹ gutter professional brother/brethren; dō-hō n ྜྷ⬂ brother(s)/sister(s) dōbutsu n ິ∸ animal; dōbutsú-en with same mother, fellow n ິ∸ᅧ zoo countryman/countrymen; dō-itsu dóchira pron ࡜ࡔࡼ which one (no) adj ྜྷୌࡡ same; dō´-ji n (of the two) = dotchi ࡜ࡖࡔ; ྜྷ᫤ ① ~ (no) ྜྷ᫤ࡡ simul[DEFERENTIAL] where (= dóko ࡜ taneous ② … to ~ ni …࡛ྜྷ᫤࡞ ࡆ , who (= dáre ㄙ ; dóchira dé at the same time as …; while …, mo adv ࡜ࡔࡼ࡚ࡵ either one of on the other hand ③ at a (single) the two; [ NEGATIVE verb] neither time, at one time; dō-jidai (ni) adv one of the two; dóchira ka adj, adv ྜྷ᫤௥࡞ (in) the same age/era; ࡜ࡔࡼ࠾ one of the two; dochira dō´-jidai (no) adj ྜྷ᫤௥ࡡ conmo adv ࡜ࡔࡼࡵ ① [ NEGATIVE temporaneous, same generation; verb] neither one ② both; dóchira dō-jō n ྜྷ᝗ sympathy, comsama n ࡜ࡔࡼᵕ [DEFERENTIAL] passion; dō-ka n ྜྷ໩ elaboration, who (are you) assimilation; dō-kan n ྜྷវ same dō dé mo adv ࡜࠹࡚ࡵ anyhow sentiment, empathy; dō´-ki n ྜྷ (at all) ᭿ the same period; dō´-kí (-sei) n dōfū shimásu (suru) v ྜྷᑌࡊࡱࡌ ྜྷ᭿⏍ classmates who joined ࡌࡾ encloses (in envelope) 40



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JAPANESE–ENGLISH



dokudan



dogeza n ᅰୖᗑ kneeling on the … dō´ka suffix …࡜࠹࠾ … ka ~ ground: ~ shite ayamarimásu ᅰ …࠾࡜࠹࠾ (whether …) or not, ୖᗑࡊ࡙ㅨࡽࡱࡌ falls on one’s ~ shite imasu ࡜࠹࠾ࡊ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ



knees to ask for pardon



something wrong with, crazy, mad dōkan n ᑙ⟮ pipe, duct dóki n ᅰჹ earthenware dōki n ິᶭ motivation, motive dōki n ິᝐ beat, pulse: ~ ga shimásu ິᝐ࠿ࡊࡱࡌ palpitates dókidoki shimásu (suru) v ࡜ࡀ࡜ࡀ ࡊࡱࡌࡌࡾ one’s heart throbs (beats, flutters) dokimásu, doku v ㏝ࡀࡱࡌ, ㏝ࡂ gets out of the way dókku n ࢺࢴࢠ dock ment dóitsu pron ࡜࠷ࡗ which damn one dóko pron ࡜ࡆ where, what part/ Dóitsu n ࢺ࢕ࢵ Germany; Doitsu-go place; dóko-dé-mo adv ࡜ࡆ࡚ࡵ n ࢺ࢕ࢵㄊ German language; anywhere (at all); dóko-doko pron Doitsú-jin n ࢺ࢕ࢵெ a German ࡜ࡆ࡜ࡆ somewhere or other, dō´iu … adj ࡜࠹࠷࠹… what kind/ such-and-such a place (= dókosoko ࡜ࡆࡐࡆ ; dóko ka n, adv sort of… doji n ࡜ࡋ goof (= hema ࡫ࡱ) ࡜ࡆ࠾ somewhere; dóko made adv ࡜ࡆࡱ࡚ where to; how far; doko boob dō-jimásu, dō-jíru v ິࡋࡱࡌ, ິࡋ mo adv ࡜ࡆࡵ [ NEGATIVE verb/ ࡾ gets agitated, upset adj] nowhere; dóko-soko pron ࡜ dō-jinai = (…-témo) dø-jimasén ࡆࡐࡆ somewhere or other (= …࡙ࡵ ິࡋࡱࡎࢆ (is unfazed dóko-doko ࡜ࡆ࡜ࡆ) dōkoku n ៅာ [BOOKISH] crying (by)) dojō n ࢺࢩࣘࢗ loach, mudfish out with grief dojō n ᅰቫ [BOOKISH] soil borne: …-dókoroka adv …࡜ࡆࢀ࠾ = yutaka na ~ ㇇࠾࡝ᅰቫ rich soil sore-~ ࡐࡿ࡜ࡆࢀ࠾ rather, on the contrary dō´jō n 㐠ሔ martial arts hall dō´ka interj ࡜࠹࠾ please: ~ dokú n Ẑ = dokú-butsu Ẑ∸ onegai desukara ࡜࠹࠾࠽㢢࠷࡚ poison; doku-késhí n Ẑᾐࡊ antidote ࡌ࠾ࡼ for God’s [Christ’s, dokudan n ≺᩷ dogma; dokudan-jō Heaven’s, Pete’s] sake n ≺ቨሔ [BOOKISH] monopoly 41 dōgi n 㐠⩇ moral principle dogitsui adj ࡜ࡁࡗ࠷ [INFORMAL] gaudy; dogitsui hyōgen n ࡜ࡁࡗ࠷ ⾪⌟ shocking expression dōgú n 㐠ර tool; dōgú-bako n 㐠ර ⟵ tool box dohyō n ᅰಣ sumo-wrestling ring: ~ ni agarimásu ᅰಣ࡞୕࠿ࡽࡱ ࡌ steps onto the sumo ring dōi n ྜྷណ agreement, approval dōin n ິဤ mobilization, recruit-



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dokudoku nagaremásu (nagareru)



dokudoku nagaremásu (nagareru) v ࡜ plurals): watakushi-~ ࢂࡒࡂࡊ> ࡂ࡜ࡂὮࡿࡱࡌὮࡿࡾ gurgles ⚶@࡜ࡵ we/us dokudokushii adj Ẑࠍࡊ࠷ gaudy, domein-mei (nēmu) n ࢺ࣒࢕ࣤྞࢾ ࣭࣑ domain-name (Internet) virulent dokugaku n ≺Ꮥ self-study dō´mo ࡜࠹ࡵ 1. interj thank you dokuhaku n ≺Ⓣ monologue 2. interj excuse me 3. adj somedokuritsu n ≺❟ independence; how, vaguely ~ shite imásu ≺❟ࡊ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ dōmō (na) adj ⋉⊓࡝ fierce,



standing on one’s own two feet, being independent; ~shita … ≺❟ ࡊࡒ … independent dokuryoku (de) adj ≺ງ࡚ by oneself dokusái-sha n ≺⿚⩽ dictator, absolute ruler dókusha n ㄖ⩽ reader (person) dokushin n ≺㌗ single, unmarried, bachelor; dokushin-sha n ≺㌗⩽ single dokusho n ㄖ᭡ reading books dokusō n ≺㉦ leaving all the other runners far behind dokusō n ≺዇ solo performance dokusō-sei n ≺๭ᛮ originality: ~



savage domorimásu, domoru v ࡜ࡵࡽࡱࡌ, ࡜ࡵࡾ stammers, stutters dón ࡜ࢆ࣬ࢺࣤ boom, bam (sound) …-don n …୺ → donburi ࡜ࢆࡩ ࡽ>୺@ donarimásu, donáru v ᛛ㫾ࡽࡱࡌ, ᛛ㫾ࡾ shouts, yells dónata pron ࡜࡝ࡒ [DEFERENTIAL] who (= dáre ㄙ) donburi n ࡜ࢆࡩࡽ࣬୺ large rice



bowl donburi-mono, don-mono n ୺ࡵࡡ a



bowl of rice with some kind of topping dóndon adv ࡜ࢆ࡜ࢆ one right ni kakeru/toboshii ≺๭ᛮ࡞Ḗࡄ after another, in large numbers do-nichi n ᅰ᪝ Saturday and ࡾஇࡊ࠷ unoriginal dokutoku (no/na) adj ≺≁ࡡ࡝ Sunday characteristic, peculiar, unique dō´ni ka adv ࡜࠹࡞࠾ somehow dō´kutsu n ὕ❅ cave Donmai interj ࢺ࣏ࣤ࢕ Don’t dokuzetsu n Ẑ⯁ a barbed/spiteful worry., Never mind. dónna adj … ࡜ࢆ࡝… what kind tongue; dokuzetsu-ka n Ẑ⯁ᐓ person with a poisonous/sharp of…: ~ ni ࡜ࢆ࡝࡞ to what extent, how much tongue dokyumentarii dorama n ࢺ࣒࢞ࣖࣤ dóno … adj ࡜ࡡ… which … (of ࢰ࣭ࣛ࣬ࢺ࣏ࣚ infotainment more than two) dono-gurai/kurai adv ࡜ࡡన how (documentary film) …´-dómo …භ (makes humble many/much/far/long 42



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dónsu n ࡜ࢆࡌ࣬⥵Ꮔ damask donyori (to shita) adj ࡜ࢆࡻࡽ࡛ࡊ ࡒ dull, gray, somber: ~ to shita me ࡜ࢆࡻࡽ࡛ࡊࡒ┘ dull eyes dorafuto n ࢺࣚࣆࢹ draft doraggu n ࢺࣚࢴࢡ drug doraggu sutoa n ࢺࣚࢴࢡࢪࢹ࢓



dotabata



dō´ro n 㐠㊨ road; dōro-hyō´shiki 㐠 ㊨ᵾㆉ road sign dorobō n ἶᲤ thief, robber, bur-



glar dóru n ࢺࣜ dollar; dóru-bako n ࢺࣜ⟵ cash cow, gold mine,



moneymaker dóryoku n ຑງ effort drugstore doraibā n ࢺࣚ࢕ࣁ࣭ driver dō´sa n ິష (body) movements, doraibu n ࢺࣚ࢕ࣇ drive; doraibugestures surū n ࢺࣚ࢕ࣇࢪ࣭ࣜ drivedosamawari n ࡜ࡈࡱࢂࡽ road through (restaurant) show: ~ o shimásu ࡜ࡈᅂࡽࢅࡊ dorai-kuríiníngu n ࢺࣚ࢕ࢠ࣭ࣛࢼࣤ ࡱࡌ goes on the road, goes on ࢡ dry cleaning a tour dorái (na) adj ࢺࣚ࢕࡝ dry; mod- dō´san n ິ⏐ [BOOKISH] movable ern, sophisticated, unsentimental property doraiyā n ࢺࣚ࢕࣭ࣕ dryer, drier dōsei n ྜྷᲿ living together (for dōrákú n 㐠ᴞ 1. dissipation unmarried couple) 2. (o-dørakú ࠽㐠ᴞ pastime, dosha n ᅰ▹ earth and sand; dosha-buri n ᅰ▹㜾ࡽ torrential hobby dóre pron ࡜ࡿ which one (of downpour dōshi n ິペ verb more than two): ~ ka ࡜ࡿ࠾ some/any one of them; ~ dé mo …dō´shi suffix …ྜྷኃ: otoko-~ no ࡜ࡿ࡚ࡵ whichever/any of them; yakusoku ⏠ྜྷኃࡡ⣑ᮨ promise ~ mo ࡜ࡿࡵ (not) any of them; between man and man ~-gurai/kurai ࡜ࡿన how many/ dō´shi n ྜྷᚷ fellow …, comrade dōshin n ❲ᚨ juvenile mind much/far/long dorei n ዦ㞌 slave dō´-shite adv ࡜࠹ࡊ࡙ why; how: dóresu n ࢺࣝࢪ dress, frock ~ mo ࡜࠹ࡊ࡙ࡵ one way or dōrí n 㐠⌦ reason (what is sensible) another, some how or other …-dōrí …㏳ࡽ avenue; just as dosō n ᅰⴷ burial under the earth (according with): jikan-~ (ni) ᫤ dōsō´-kai n ྜྷ✾ఌ alumni associa㛣㏳ࡽ࡞ on time … tion; class reunion dóriru n ࢺࣛࣜ drill (tool; practice) dossari adv ࡜ࡖࡈࡽ all of a heap: doró n ἶ mud; muck (filth, dirt); ~ aru shigoto ࡜ࡖࡈࡽ࠵ࡾ௘஥ doro-dárake/mamire (no) adj ἶࡓࡼ a pile of work ࡄࡱࡲࡿࡡ muddy dotabata adv ࡜ࡒࡣࡒ noisily: 43



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dotanba (de)



~-kigeki ࡜ࡒࡣࡒႌ๸ slapstick



࡜ࡷࡌ chews out dōyō (no) adj ྜྷᵕࡡ the same dōyō n ິ᥺ [BOOKISH] agitation,



comedy dotanba (de) adv ᅰቨሔ࡚ (at)



the last moment



unrest



dótchi pron ࡜ࡖࡔ = dóchira ࡜ࡔࡼ which one (of the two) dote n ᅰᡥ dike dōtei n ❲ㇾ virgin (male) dōtoku n 㐠ᚠ morals, morality; dōtoku-teki (na) adj 㐠ᚠⓏ࡝



Doyō´(bi) n ᅰ᭑᪝ Saturday doyomeki n ࡜ࡻࡴࡀ clamor,



hubbub doyomekimásu, doyomaku v ࡜ࡻࡴ ࡀࡱࡌ, ࡜ࡻࡴࡂ rings, (a crowd



of people) makes a ruckus



moral dótto adv ࡜ࡖ࡛ suddenly, with a rush: ~-waraimásu ࡜ࡖ࡛➏࠷ࡱ ࡌ everybody laughs dōwa n ❲ヨ fairy tale doyagai n ࡜ࡷ⾜ skid row doyashimásu, doyasu v ࡜ࡷࡊࡱࡌ,



dō´yū (“iu”) … adj ࡜࠹ࡹ࠹࠷࠹ … what kind/sort of… (= dónna … ࡜ࢆ࡝ …) dō´zo interj ࡜࠹ࡑ 1. please 2. here it is dy… → j… dz… → z…



E é n ⤦ picture, painting, drawing; e-hágaki n ⤦ⴝ᭡ picture postcard e n ᯮ handle e (-sá) n ࠻ࡈ ࣬㣭 bait e interj ࠻ࡖ eh?, what? ē interj ࠻࠻ yes … e particle …࡫ to (a place); [replaces … ni …࡞ before … no … …ࡡ…] to (a person) ea-kon n ࢙࢓ࢤࣤ air condition-



ࣁࢪ air terminal bus eba-míruku n ࢙ࣁ࣐ࣜࢠ evapo-



rated milk ebi n ࢙ࣄ࣬ᾇ⩹ shrimp: kurumá-~ ㌬࢙ࣄ prawn; isé-~ ௿ເ ࢙ࣄ lobster; shibá-~ Ⱒ࢙ࣄ tiny



shrimp ē-bii-shíi n ࢙࣭ࣄ࣭ࢨ࣭࣬ABC



alphabet (ABC) echikétto n ࢙ࢲࢢࢴࢹ etiquette eda n ᯖ branch ing/conditioner eamēru n ࢙࢓࣒࣭ࣜ airmail efutiipii (FTP) n FTP・࢙ࣆࢷ࢔࣭ earain n ࢙࢓ࣚ࢕ࣤ airline ࣅ࣭File Transfer Protocol, earobíkusu n ࢙࢓ࣞࣄࢠࢪ aerobics FTP (computer) eatāminaru n ࢙࢓ࢰ࣭࣐ࢻࣜ air egakimásu, egáku v ᥝࡀࡱࡌ, ᥝࡂ terminal: ~-basu ࢙࢓ࢰ࣭࣐ࢻࣜ draws (a picture) 44



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enchō



egao n ➏㢞 smiling face eikyū (ni) adv Ễ஁࡞ eternally, egetsunái adj ࠻ࡅࡗ࡝࠷ [INFORMAL] permanently, forever gross, nasty [IN NEGATIVE SENSE] eisei n ⾠⏍ hygiene, health, saniei-… prefix ⱝ 1. English 2. tation; eisei-teki (na) adj ⾠⏍Ⓩ great; ei-bun n ⱝᩝ English text; ࡝ sanitary eiei-jiten n ⱝⱝ㎙඼ Englisheisei n ⾠᫅ satellite; eisei chūkei n English dictionary; Ei-go n ⱝㄊ ⾠᫅୯⤽ satellite transmission English (language); ei-kaiwa n ⱝ éito, ē´to n ࢙࢕ࢹ࢙࣭ࢹ eight; ఌヨ English conversation; ei-ki 8-oared racing boat eiyō n ᰜ㣬 nutrition, nourishment n ⱝẴ vigor, energy; Ei-koku n ⱝᅗ Great Britain, the United eizō n ᫆ാ picture, image Kingdom (U.K.) = Igirisu ࢕࢟ eizoku n Ễ⤾ lasting for a long ࣛࢪ England; ei-wa n, adj ⱝ࿰ time, permanence English-Japanese: ~-jíten ⱝ࿰ éizu n ࢙࢕ࢫ AIDS ㎙඼ English-Japanese dictionary; éki n 㥈 railroad station; eki-ben ei-yaku n ⱝズ English translation; 㥈ᘒ box lunches sold at railroad ei-yū n ⱝ㞕 hero, heroine stations; eki-chō n 㥈㛏 stationeieiō interj ࢙࢕࢙࢕࠽࠹ Hip, hip, master ekisu n ࢙࢞ࢪ extract hurrah! eien (no) adj Ễ㐪ࡡ eternal, ekitai n ᾦమ liquid ekkusu-sen n ࢙ࢴࢠࢪ>X@⥲ permanent; eien ni adv Ễ㐪࡞ eternally, permanently X-ray (= rentogen ࣝࣤࢹࢣࣤ) eíga n ᫆⏤ movie, film; eigá-kan n ékubo n ࠻ࡂ࡯ dimple ᫆⏤㤃 movie theater; eiga-sutā n emásu, éru v ᚋࡱࡌ, ᚋࡾ [BOOKISH] ᫆⏤ࢪࢰ࣭ movie star gets; can do eiga n ᰜ⳱ prosperity én n ළ circle (= maru ୷): ~ taku eigō n Ễຒ [BOOKISH] eon: mirai-~ ළ༜ round table; en-kei n ළᙟ ᮅᮮỄຒ for eternity circle; en-shū n ළ࿔ circumfereigyō n ႜᴏ (running a) business; ence: ~-ritsu ළ࿔⋙ circle ratio, eigyō-jíkan n ႜᴏ᫤㛣 business pi én n ළ, …´-en …ළ yen (¥): énhours, operating hours daka (/-yasu) ළ㧏Ꮽ high (/ eikan n ᰜ෗ crown, laurel low) value of the yen eiki n 㗞Ẵ spirit eikō n ᰜක glory, honor enchaku n ᘇ╌ delayed arrival eikyō n ᙫ㡢 influence; ~ o ukemásu enbō n 㐪᭻ distant view ᙫ㡢ࢅུࡄࡱࡌ receives an enchō n ᘇ㛏 extension; enchō-kō´do ᘇ㛏ࢤ࣭ࢺ extension cord influence



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endan



endan n ⦍ㄧ marriage proposal endan n ⁿቨ lecture platform éndō, éndō-mame n ࢙ࣤࢺࢗ, ࢙ࣤ ࢺࢗ㇃ peas enen (to) adv ᘇࠍ࡛ endlessly: ~ to hanashimásu ᘇࠍ࡛ヨࡊࡱ ࡌ goes on and on about enérúgii n ࢙ࢾ࣭ࣜ࢟ energy enérugísshu (na) adj ࢙ࢾࣜ࢟ࢴࢨ ࣖ࡝ energetic engan n Ἒᓃ the coast engawa n ⦍ഁ (wooden) veranda,



Japanese songs (ballad) enkai n ᐑఌ party, banquet: ~ o hirakimásu ᐑఌࢅ㛜ࡀࡱࡌ holds



a party enkaku n Ἒ㠁 [BOOKISH] history enkaku n 㐪㝰 [BOOKISH] remoteness; enkaku-sōsa n 㐪㝰᧧ష



remote handling enkei n 㐪ᬊ [BOOKISH] distant



landscape enki n ᘇ᭿ postponement enkinkan n 㐪㎾វ perspective enkyori n 㐪㊝㞫 long distance; enkyori-ren’ai n 㐪㊝㞫ᜂយ long-



porch (in traditional Japanese house) engei n ᅧⰹ gardening distance love affair engeki n ⁿ๸ drama, play; engekí- enma-daiō n ࢙࣏ࣤኬ⋜ the (great) jin n ⁿ๸ெ theater people King of Hell/the Buddhist Hades, engi n ⦍㉫ 1. omen, luck 2. (his- Yama torical) origin; ~ ga/no yoi ⦍㉫ enmaku n ↦ᖞ smoke screen ࠿ࡡⰃ࠷ is of good omen enman (na) adj ළ‫ ࡝‮‬satisfactory éngi n ⁿᢇ performance; acting; enmei n ᘇ࿤ life extension; enmeichiryō n ᘇ࿤἖⒢ life-sustaining engí-sha n ⁿᢇ⩽ performer engo n ᥴ㆜ support treatment engun n ᥴ㌯ rescue forces, sup- enmoku n ⁿ┘ program enmusubi n ⦍⤎ࡦ matchmaking: port arms, reinforcement engumi n ⦍⤄ࡲ marriage, match ~ no kami ⦍⤎ࡦࡡ♼ the god énjin n ࢙ࣤࢩࣤ engine (of auto- of marriage énnichi n ⦍᪝ a temple fair (festival) mobile) enjínia n ࢙ࣤࢩࢼ࢓ engineer, ennō n ᘇ⣙ [BOOKISH] delayed specialist payment enjimasu, enjiru v ⁿࡋࡱࡌ, ⁿࡋࡾ enokí-dake/take n ࢙ࢿ࢞ࢱࢢ࣬ᴦⲎ plays, acts, performs straw mushrooms énjo n ᥴຐ support (aid), backing enpitsu n 㕼➱ pencil; enpitsu-kezuri enjói n ࢙ࣤࢩࣘ࢕ enjoyment n 㕼➱๎ࡽ pencil sharpener enjuku n ළ⇅ [BOOKISH] fully enro n 㐪㊨ from a long distance: ~ harubaru 㐪㊨ࡢࡾࡣࡾ all the maturing enka n ⁿḯ sad and melancholic way 46



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fákkusu



enryo n 㐪៎ (go-enryo ࡇ㐪៎



erā n ࢙࣭ࣚ error; erā-messēji n ࢙ ࣭࣒ࣚࢴࢬ࣭ࢩ error message [HONORIFIC]) reticence, social reserve, shyness; Go-~ náku. ࡇ erabimásu, erábu v 㐽ࡦࡱࡌ, 㐽ࡩ 㐪៎࡝ࡂ. Don’t be shy/reticent.; chooses, selects, elects ~ shite okimásu 㐪៎ࡊ࡙࠽ࡀࡱ erái adj ೥࠷ 1. great, grand, ࡌ takes a rain check, declines superior (person) 2. terrible, for now awful (= hidoi ࡥ࡜࠷࣬㓖࠷) enshi n 㐪ち farsightedness erebē´tā n ࢙࣭ࣝ࣊ࢰ࣭ elevator ereganto (na) adj ࢙ࣝ࢝ࣤࢹ࡝ (presbyopia) enshutsu n ⁿฝ production, elegant (= yüga (na) ඁ㞖࡝ ) erí n ࠻ࡽ࣬〺 collar (of closing/ staging (play, movie) énso n ሲ⣪ chlorine clothes): ~ o tadashimásu 〺ࢅḿ ensō n ⁿ዇ performance (musical ࡊࡱࡌ straightens oneself éro-hon n ࢙ࣞᮇ [INFORMAL] instrument); ensō´-kai n ⁿ዇ఌ



concert



pornography book



ensoku n 㐪㊂ picnic, outing entai n ᘇ⁣ arrear (overdues); entai-ryōkin n ᘇ⁣ᩩ㔘 deferred



ese-… adj ࠻ࡎ… pseudo-… essē n ࢙ࢴࢬ࣭ essay esu-efu n SF science fiction esukarē´tā n ࢙ࢪ࣭࢜ࣝࢰ࣭



premium entātei(n)mento n ࢙ࣤࢰ࣭ࢷ࢕ࣤ ࣒ࣤࢹ entertainment enten n ⅎኮ [BOOKISH] scorching sun/weather: ~-ka de ⅎኮୖ࡚



under a blazing sun entotsu n ↦✲ chimney, smoke-



stack enzetsu n ⁿㄕ speech (public) épuron n ࢙ࣈࣞࣤ apron



escalator etai-no-shirenai adj ᚋమࡡ▩ࡿ࡝࠷



strange, as deep as a well étchi (na) adj ࢙ࢴࢲ࡝ dirtyminded: ~ na hanashí ࢙ࢴࢲ࡝ ヨ a dirty (an off-color) story éte-shite adv ᚋ࡙ࡊ࡙ usually ē-to interj ࠻࣭࡛࠻࠻࡛ well



now, uh, let me see



F fáiawōru n ࣆ࢒࢕࢓࢚࣭ࢗࣜ



firewall (Internet security) fáibā n ࣆ࢒࢕ࣁ࣭ fiber fáibu n ࣆ࢒࢕ࣇ five fáindā n ࣆ࢒࢕ࣤࢱ࣭ finder



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fáiringu n ࣆ࢒࢕ࣛࣤࢡ filing fáiru n ࣆ࢒࢕ࣜ file fáito n ࣆ࢒࢕ࢹ fight fákkusu n ࣆ࢒ࢴࢠࢪ fax, facsimile (= fakushimiri ࣆ࢒ࢠࢨ࣐ࣛ)



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fán



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



fán n ࣆ࢒ࣤ fan (enthusiast); yakyü-~ 㔕⌣ࣆ࢒ࣤ baseball fan; fan-kurabu n ࣆ࢒ࣤࢠࣚࣇ fan



ᛄ࡝ unpleasant, displeasing, displeased (= fu-yúkai (na) ୘ញ ᛄ࡝ ; fu-kéiki n ୘ᬊẴ depresclub sion, recession, hard times; fukísóku (na) adj ୘ぜ์࡝ irregfánkushon n ࣆ࢒ࣤࢠࢨࣘࣤ function ular; fu-kō´ n ୘ᖶ misfortune; fukō´hei (na) adj ୘පᖲ࡝ unfair; fánshii n ࣆ࢒ࣤࢨ࣭ fancy fántajii n ࣆ࢒ࣤࢰࢩ࣭ fantasy fu-kyō n ୘Ἓ business slump, fáshisuto n ࣆ࢒ࢨࢪࢹ fascist depression; fú-jiyū (na) adj ୘⮤⏜ fásshon n ࣆ࢒ࢴࢨࣘࣤ fashion ࡝ inconvenient, restricted; fásunā n ࣆ࢒ࢪࢻ࣭ fastener, needy; weak: okane ni ~ shinai ࠽㔘࡞୘⮤⏜ࡊ࡝࠷ has no shortzipper fāsuto-fūdo n ࣆ࢒࣭ࢪࢹࣆ࣭ࢺ age of money; fu-man(zoku) n ୘‫‮‬ ㊂ discontent; fu-mei (no) adj ୘ fast food fāsuto-nēmu n ࣆ࢒࣭ࢪࢹࢾ࣭࣑ ᪺ࡡ unknown, obscure: yukue ~ (no) ⾔᪁୘᪺ࡡ disappearfirst name fáuru n ࣆ࢒ࢗࣜ foul ance, missing; fú-ri (na) adj ୘ฺ feisu bukku n ࣆ࢘࢕ࢪࣇࢴࢠ ࡝ unfavorable, adverse; fu-rin n ୘೒ adultery; fu-ryō (no) adj ୘Ⰳ Facebook (Internet) fiibā n ࣆ࢔࣭ࣁ࣭ fever ࡡ bad, no good, inferior; fusenmei (na) adj ୘㩥᪺࡝ obFirípin n ࣆ࢔ࣛࣅࣤ Philippines fírumu, fuirumu n ࣆ࢔࣑ࣜ, ࣆ࢕ࣜ scure, unclear; fu-shin n ୘ᐼ ࣑ film doubt, suspicion; fu-shi (no) adj fírutā n ࣆ࢔ࣜࢰ࣭ filter ୘Ṓࡡ immortal(ity); fu-shízen fisshingu n ࣆ࢔ࢴࢨࣤࢡ phishing (na) adj ୘⮤↓࡝ unnatural; fu-shō´ji n ୘⚀஥ scandal: ~ o ok(fraud) oshimásu ୘⚀஥ࢅ㉫ࡆࡊࡱࡌ fō n ࣆ࢚࣭, fóa ࣆ࢚࢓ four fō´ku n ࣆ࢚࣭ࢠ fork disgraces; fu-soku n ୘㊂ shortage, fu n ࣆ࣬㯉 pieces of dried wheat insufficiency, deficiency, scarcity, gluten lack; fu-tegiwa n ୘ᡥ㝷 blunder, fu- prefix ୘ un-, non-; fu-an (na) mismanagement; fu-tei (no) adj ୘ adj ୘Ꮽ࡝ uneasy, anxious; fú- ᏽࡡ unfixed, uncertain, indefinite, undecided: ~-ki (no) ୘ᏽ ben (na) adj ୘౼࡝ inconvenient, unhandy; fu-dō´toku n ୘㐠ᚠ ᭿ࡡ irregular; fu-tei (na) adj ୘ ㇾ࡝ unchaste, unfaithful (to immorality; fugō´kaku n ୘ྙ᰹ failure; fu-kánō (na) adj ୘ྊ⬗ her husband); fu-teki (na) adj ୘ᩓ ࡝ impossible; fú-kai (na) adj ୘ ࡝ bold, lawless: daitan-futeki 48



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fuká



(na) ኬ⫱୘ᩓ࡝ fearless; futekinin (na) adj ୘㐲௴࡝ unfit: futekinin-sha ୘㐲௴⩽ misfit; futekisetsu (na) adj ୘㐲ว࡝ irrelevance, inappropriate; fu-tekitō (na) adj ୘㐲ᙔ࡝ inadequate, unsuitable; fu-tettei (na) adj ୘ᚥᗇ ࡝ not thorough, imperfect, halfway; fu-tokui (na/no) adj ୘ᚋ ណ࡝ࡡ poor/weak at; fu-tokutei (no) adj ୘≁ᏽࡡ indefinite; fu-tō (na) adj ୘ᙔ࡝ unfair, unjustified: ; fu-tōshiki n ୘➴ᘟ inequality; fu-tōitsu n ୘⤣ୌ lacking of unity, disunity; fu-tōkō n ୘Ⓡᰧ



ily, always; fúdan (no) adj ᬉṹ ࡡ usual, everyday, ordinary; fudán-gí n ᬉṹ╌ everyday clothes fude n ➱ writing/painting brush; fude-bako n ➱⟵ pencil box/case fudō (no) adj ୘ິࡡ [BOOKISH] steadfast: ~ no chii ni imásu ୘ິࡡᆀన࡞࠷ࡱࡌ is in an impregnable position fudō´san n ୘ິ⏐ real estate fuemásu, fuéru v ቌ࠻ࡱࡌ, ቌ࠻ࡾ multiplies; grows in quantity/ number, gets bigger, swells, increases, expands fū´fu n ኰ፦ husband and wife, nonattendance at school, truancy; Mr. and Mrs., (married) couple: fu-tsuriai n ୘㔦ྙ࠷ imbalance; füfu-tomo(domo) ኰ፦භࠍ fu-un (na) adj ୘㐘࡝ unfortuboth husband and wife nate; fu-yō (no) adj ୘こࡡ un- fúgú n ࣆࢡ࣬ἑ㇔ blowfish, necessary, unneeded; fu-yō (no) puffer fú-gú n (discriminatory term) ୘ adj ୘⏕ࡡ useless, disused; fu-yúkai (na) adj ୘ញᛄ࡝ unර cripple pleasant, displeasing, displeased; fui (ni) adv ୘ណ࡞ suddenly fu-zai n ୘ᅹ absence: ~-tøhyø ୘ fuji n ࣆࢩ࣬⸠ wisteria ᅹᢖ⚂ absentee vote fujin n ፦ெ lady, woman (go-fujin fú n, suffix ᗋ, …´-fu … ᗋ an ࡇ፦ெ [HONORIFIC]) urban prefecture: Kyøto-fu ா㒌 fujin n ኰெ wife: -fujin ̽ኰெ ᗋKyoto Prefecture Mrs. … fū´ n ᑌ sealing: … no ~ o Fuji (-san) n ᐣኃᒜ Mount Fuji, shimásu …ࡡᑌࢅࡊࡱࡌ seals Fujiyama fujo n ፦ዥ [BOOKISH] lady, woman a letter fúbo n ∏ẍ father and mother, (= fujin ፦ெ): fujo-bøkø ፦ዥᬸ one’s parents (= ryøshin ୦の) ⾔ sexual assault fúbuki n ྻ㞯 snowstorm fujo n ᡿ຐ aid, support: fujo-kin fuchí n ⦍ edge, rim, frame ᡿ຐ㔘 benefits fuda n ᮈ label, tag, card, check fuká n ࣆ࢜ big shark (used in fúdan adv ᬉṹ usually, ordinarwestern Japan) (→ same ࢦ࣒࣬㩢) 49



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fukái



fukái adj 深い deep: fukáku 深く



deeply fukása n 深さ depth fukashimásu, fukásu v 蒸かします, 蒸かす steams (food) fukashimásu, fukásu v 吹かします, 吹かす smokes: énjin o ~ エンジ ンを吹かします, 吹かす races the engine fukashimásu, fukásu v 更かします, 更かす sits up late: yó o ~ 夜を 更かします, 更かす stays up late fuké v ふけ dandruff fū´kei n 風景 scenery, landscape; fūkei-ga n 風景画 landscape painting(s)/picture(s) fukemásu, fukéru v 更けます, 更け る gets late: yo ga ~ 夜が更けま す, 更ける (the night) grows late fukemásu, fukéru v 老けます, 老ける gets old, ages fuketsu (na) adj 不潔(な) unclean, dirty, filthy fuki n フキ・蕗 bog rhubarb fukimásu, fuku v 拭きます, 拭く wipes fukimásu, fúku v 葺きます, 葺く thatches (a roof), tiles roof: … no yáne o ~ …の屋根を葺きます covers with a roof, roofs: kawara de ~ 瓦で葺きます tiles a roof:



fukín n 付近 vicinity fukkakemásu, fukkakéru v ふっかけ ます, ふっかける overcharges fukú n 服 clothes, suit, dress



uniform fuku n 福 happiness; fuku-biki n 福 引 lottery; raffle; fuku no kami n 福の神 god of wealth fuku- prefix 副– vice-, assistant-; fuku-kaichō n 副会長 vice chairman/ chairperson; fuku-shachō n 副社長



vice-president (of a company); fukú-sayō n 副作用 side-effect,



after-effect fuku- n 複 double; fuku-sei n 複製



replica, reproduction, reprint; fuku-sha n 複写 reproduction, copy; fuku-sū n 複数 plural fukugō-go n 複合語 compound



(word) fukumemásu, fukuméru v 含めます, 含める includes, adds fukumimásu, fukúmu v 含みます, 含 む holds in the mouth; contains;



implies; bears/keeps in mind fukuramashimásu, fukuramásu v 膨ら まします, 膨らます bulges,



inflates



fukurami v 膨らみ bulge fukuramimásu, fukuramu v 膨らみま す, 膨らむ swells up, bulges káya/kusá/wára de ~ 茅/草/藁で fukuremásu, fukureru v 膨れます, 膨 葺きます thatches れる swells up; pouts, sulks fukimásu, fúku v 吹きます, 吹く fukuró n 袋 bag, sack blows fukúrō n フクロウ・梟 owl fukín n 布きん napkin, towel, fukushi n 副詞 adverb cloth, washcloth, dishcloth fukúshi n 福祉 welfare; fukushi-shí-



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setsu n ⚗♬᪃シ welfare facility fukushū n ᚗ⩞ review (study) fukushū n ᚗㆮ revenge, vengeance fukushū shimásu (suru) v ᚗ⩞ࡊࡱࡌ ࡌࡾ reviews (study) fukushū shimásu (suru) v ᚗㆮࡊࡱࡌ ࡌࡾ takes revenge, revenges fukusō n ᭱⿞ dress, attirement,



furafura



effort; ~ ga kikimasen ㊻ࢆᘿࡽ ࠿ࡀࡀࡱࡎࢆ can’t hold on funbetsu n ฦื discretion, sense: ~ ga tsukimásu ฦื࠿ࡗࡀࡱࡌ



cuts a tooth fundoshi n ࡨࢆ࡜ࡊ࣬〇 loincloth, breechcloth: hito no ~ de sumø o torimásu ெࡡࡨࢆ࡜ࡊ࡚┞᧖



ࢅཱིࡽࡱࡌ rides on someone’s clothes, costume fukuzatsu (na) adj 々㞟࡝ compli- back cated: ~ na shinkyø 々㞟࡝ᚨሾ fúne n ⯢>⯒@ boat, ship mixed feelings: ~ na tachiba 々 fungai n ៵់ [BOOKISH] indigna㞟࡝❟ሔ complicated situation tion, resentment fukyū n ᬉཀྵ diffusion, populari- fun’íki n 㞲ᅑẴ atmosphere (of a zation: pasokon no ~ (ga susunde) place), mood, aura, air: ~-zukuri ࣂࢮࢤࣤࡡᬉཀྵ࠿㐅ࢆ࡚ (with) 㞲ᅑẴషࡽ creating atmosphere the increase of computer users funka n ᄂℾ eruption: ~-kø ᄂℾ fumemásu, fumeru v ㊻ࡴࡱࡌ, ㊻ࡴ ཾ crater funmatsu n ⢂ᮆ powder: ~ ni ࡾ can tread fū´mí n 㢴࿝ flavor: ~ o tamochishimásu ⢂ᮆ࡞ࡊࡱࡌ makes másu 㢴࿝ࢅಕࡔࡱࡌ keeps/ into powder, pulverizes preserves a flavor; ~ no aru ryøri funpatsu n ዢⓆ putting a lot of 㢴࿝ࡡ࠵ࡾᩩ⌦ savory dish effort, spoiling oneself fumi-komimásu, fumi-kómu v ㊻ࡲ㎰ funshitsu n ⣦኶ loss: ~-todoke o ࡲࡱࡌ, ㊻ࡲ㎰ࡳ 1. steps into/ dashimásu ⣦኶ᒀࡄࢅฝࡊࡱࡌ on 2. trespasses (on); raids reports a missing item fumimásu, fumu v ㊻ࡲࡱࡌ, ㊻ࡳ funsō n ᡻⿞ disguise: ~ shimásu ᡻⿞ࡊࡱࡌ is costumed, makes up steps on, treads fumotó n 㮼 foot (of a mountain) funsō n ⣦ண conflict, dispute; fún n ⢽ feces, dung funsō-chiiki n ⣦ணᆀᇡ disputed …´-fun suffix …ฦ minute(s) area, conflict-affected region funá-… prefix ⯢ ship, vessel; funsui n ᄂỀ fountain funá-bin n ⯢౼ sea mail; funá-nori funtō n ዢ㜒 struggle n ⯢஋ࡽ sailor, crew (member); funuke n ⭂ᢜࡄ coward: ~-mono funá-yoi n ⯢㓁࠷ seasick(ness) ⭂ᢜࡄ⩽ cowardly man funbari n ㊻ࢆᘿࡽ effort: mø hito furafura adv ࡨࡼࡨࡼ staggers, ~ ࡵ࠹ࡥ࡛㊻ࢆᘿࡽ one last reels: ~-kan ࡨࡼࡨࡼវ wooziness 51



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furai-pan



furai-pan n ࣆࣚ࢕ࣂࣤ frying pan furi-kake n ࡨࡽ࠾ࡄ flavor sprinfuramenko n ࣆ࣒ࣚࣤࢤ flamenco: kles (to top rice) ~ dansu ࣆ࣒ࣚࣤࢤࢱࣤࢪ fla- furi-kakemásu, furi-kakéru v ᣲࡽ᤻ ࡄࡱࡌ, ᣲࡽ᤻ࡄࡾ sprinkles it menco dance Furansu n ࣆࣚࣤࢪ France; furimásu, furu v ᣲࡽࡱࡌ, ᣲࡾ Furansu-go n ࣆࣚࣤࢪㄊ French 1. waves, shakes, swings 2. wags (language); Furansú-jin n ࣆࣚࣤ it 3. gives someone the ax ࢪெ a French furimásu, fúru v 㜾ࡽࡱࡌ, 㜾ࡾ furari (to) adv ࡨࡼࡽ࡛ aimlessly: falls, it precipitates (rains, snows) ~ tachiyorimásu ࡨࡼࡽ࡛❟ࡔᐞ furi-mukimásu, furi-múku v ᣲࡽྡྷࡀ ࡽࡱࡌ drops in ࡱࡌ, ᣲࡽྡྷࡂ looks back furasuko n ࣆࣚࢪࢤ flask fūrin n 㢴㕝 wind-chimes furatsukimásu v ࡨࡼࡗࡀࡱࡌ stag- furisodé n ᣲࡽ⾿ long-sleeved



gers, sways furemásu, fureru v よࡿࡱࡌ, よࡿࡾ touches (= sawarimásu よࡽࡱࡌ) 1. contacts with; touches upon 2. mentions, refers to furemásu, fureru v ᣲࡿࡱࡌ, ᣲࡿࡾ



can wave it, can shake it fureraremásu, furerareru v よࡿࡼࡿ ࡱࡌ, よࡿࡼࡿࡾ can touch furí v ᣲࡽ manner, pretense, air furí v 㜾ࡽ the rain/snow, the down-



pour furi-gana n ࡨࡽ࠿࡝࣬ࣆࣛ࢝ࢻ



kimono furo n 㢴࿁o-fúro ࠽㢴࿁ bath: ~ ni hairimásu 㢴࿁࡞ථࡽࡱࡌ takes a bath; furo-bá n 㢴࿁ሔ



bathroom furonto n ࣆࣞࣤࢹ front desk; furonto-garasu n ࣆࣞࣤࢹ࢝ࣚࢪ



automobile windshield furō´-sha n ᾃᾁ⩽ vagabond,



vagrant, tramp, homeless person furuemásu, furueru v 㟀࠻ࡱࡌ, 㟀 ࠻ࡾ it shakes furui n ࡨࡾ࠷ sieve, sifter furúi adj ཿ࠷ old (not new), stale



readings marked (for Chinese (not fresh); secondhand, used characters) furi-kae n ᣲ(ࡽ ᭨࠻ transfer furumai n ᣲࡾ⯑࠷ behavior (of funds); furikae-yókin n ᣲ᭨㡰 (deportment): furumaimásu ᣲ 㔘 transfer deposit; furikae-kyūjitsu ࡾ⯑࠷ࡱࡌ behaves furui(okoshi)masu, furui(okosu), furu-u n ᣲ᭨ఆ᪝ compensating/ substitute holiday v ዢ࠷㉫ࡆࡊ ࡱࡌ, ዢ࠷㉫ࡆ furi-kaemásu, furi-kaeru v ᣲࡽ ᭨ ࡌ , ዢ࠹ summons: yüki o fu࠻ࡱࡌ, ᣲࡽ ᭨࠻ࡾ transfers it ruiokoshite/furutte… …ຩẴࢅ furi-kaerimásu, furi-kaéru v ᣲࡽ㏁ࡽ ዢ࠷㉫ࡆࡊ࡙ዢࡖ࡙ …with ࡱࡌ, ᣲࡽ㏁ࡾ looks back gathering up of one’s courage 52



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furū´to n ࣆ࣭ࣜࢹ flute furūtsu n ࣆ࣭ࣜࢵ fruit: ~-kakuteru ࣆ࣭ࣜࢵ࢜ࢠࢷࣜ fruit cocktail fū´ryū (na) adj 㢴Ὦ࡝ elegant fusá n ᡛ bunch (cluster) fusagarimásu, fusagaru v ራ࠿ࡽࡱ ࡌ, ራ࠿ࡾ gets blocked (off),



fūtō



fushō n ㇿഭ injury fusso n ࣆࢴ⣪ fluorine fusumá n 〴 opaque sliding panel/



door futa n ⵱ lid, cover; flap (of envel-



ope, etc.) futa-… adj ஦… two: futá-ban ஦ ᬄ two nights: futá-kumi ஦⤄



clogged/stopped up, gets occutwo pairs (of) pied, booked up, engaged fusagimásu, fusagu v ራࡁࡱࡌ, ራ futago n ཫᏄ twins futamatá (no) adj ஦ཧ>ཨ@ࡡ ࡃ stops up, closes, blocks fusái n ኰጏ Mr. and Mrs.; husforked, bifurcate(d): futamatasokétto ஦ཧ>ཨ@ࢮࢢࢴࢹ twoband and wife (= füfu ኰ፦) fusawashíi adj ┞ᚺࡊ࠷ suitable, way socked, double plug worthy; becoming: fusawáshiku futarí n ஦ெ࣬ࡨࡒࡽo-futari ࠽ ┞ᚺࡊࡂ suitably ஦ெ two persons fusegimásu, fuségu v 㜭ࡁࡱࡌ, 㜭 futa-sén n ஦༐࣬2,000, two ࡃ prevents; defends, protects thousand (= ni-sén ஦༐࣬2,000) fusemásu, fuséru v ఄࡎࡱࡌ, ఄࡎ futatsú n ஦ࡗ࣬2ࡗ࣬ࡨࡒࡗ two ࡾ covers (up), conceals; lays it (pieces, small objects) (= ní-ko face down: mi o fuséru ㌗ࢅఄࡎ ஦಴); two years old (= ní-sai ஦ ࡱࡌ gets down, crouches (so as ṋ>ᡧ@) futatsú-mi(t)tsu n ஦ࡗ୔ࡗ two or not to be seen): fuse-ji ఄࡎᏊ turned letter(s), unprintable word(s) three fūsen n 㢴⯢ balloon: kami-~ ⣤㢴 futebuteshii adj ࡨ࡙ࡩ࡙ࡊ࠷ ⯢ paper balloon; fūsen-gámu n 㢴 impudent, audacious ⯢࣑࢝ bubble gum futekusareta adj ࡨ࡙ࡂࡈࡿࡒ fushí n ⟿ joint; gnarl, knot, knob; pouty: futekusaremásu ࡨ࡙ࡂࡈ ࡿࡱࡌ has the sulks, gets sulky tune, air; point (in a statement); fushi-me n ⟿┘ turning point futene n ࡨ࡙ᐱ going to bed in a fushigi (na) adj ୘ᛦ㆗࡝ weird, huff, staying in bed sulking strange, mysterious; wonderful; futo adv ࡨ࡛ unexpectedly; by suspicious, odd, funny, uncanny chance, suddenly: ~ ki ga tsukifushin n ᬉㄫ building (construc- másu ࡨ࡛Ẵ࠿ࡗࡀࡱࡌ comes tion), repairs to a sudden realization fu-shínsetsu (na) adj ୘のว࡝ futō n ᇢ㢄 pier, wharf, quay fūtō n ᑌ➼ envelope: henshin-yø ~ unkind 53



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futodoki (na)



返信用封筒 return-mail envelope futodoki (na) adj 不届き(な) outrageous: ~ na okonai 不届きな行 い outrageous conduct futō-fukutsu (na/no) adj 不撓不屈 (な/の) indomitable, stubborn, unyielding: ~ no seishin 不撓不 屈の精神 indomitable spirit futói adj 太い fat, plump, thick



(and round) futoji n 太字 boldface futokoro n 懐 bosom, finance: ~ ga atatakai 懐が暖かい has a heavy purse: ~ ga fukai 懐が深い is



magnanimous, has deep insight, has depth futomomo n 太腿 thigh futon n 布団(o-futón お布団) padded quilt, futon: ~ o hoshimásu 布団を干します airs out futons futorimásu, futóru v 太ります, 太る gets fat: futótte imásu 太ってい ます is fat futsū adj, adv 普通 ordinar(il)y, usual(ly), regular(ly), typical(ly), normal(ly): ~-dénsha 普通電車 local (= non-express) train futsū n 不通 disconnect futsubun n 仏文 French sentence, French literature futsufutsu (to) adv ふつふつ(と) gradually; yüki ga ~ waku 勇気が



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ふつふつと沸く gets courage gradually futsuka n 二日・2日・ふつか 1. 2nd day (of month) 2. two days: ~-kan 二日間 for two days futsū-yókin n 普通預金 (ordinary) savings account futten n 沸点 boiling point futtō n 沸騰 boiling futto bōru n フットボール American football futto wāku n フットワーク footwork: ~ ga karui フットワーク が軽い light on one’s feet fuyashimásu, fuyásu v 増やします, 増やす increases it/them fuyō n 扶養 support, keeping; fuyō-kazoku n 扶養家族 dependent family/relatives; fuyō-teate n 扶養 手当 family allowance fuyú n 冬 winter: ~ 冬ご; fuyu-yásumi n 冬休み winter break/vacation fuzakemásu, fuzakeru v ふざけます, ふざける fool around, kid around fuzei n 風情 taste, appearance, look: ~ no aru keshiki/nagame 風情のある景色/眺め scenic view fuzoku n 付属・附属 attachment, belonging, accessory; fuzokú-hin n 付属品 attachments, accessories fuzoroi n 不揃い irregularity



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gáisan



G ga n ࢝࣬⻅ moth ga n ᠻ oneself, ego, atman: ~ o tøshimásu (tøsu) ᠻࢅ㏳ࡊࡱࡌ has one’s own way: ~ o orimásu ᠻࢅᢙࡽࡱࡌ gives yield …ga …࠿ particle: marks subject



(who does, what is), but marks also object of: ... ga arimásu … ࠿࠵ࡽࡱࡌ (has what): ... ga irimásu …࠿こࡽࡱࡌ (needs/ wants what): ... ga wakarimásu …࠿ฦ࠾ࡽࡱࡌ (understands what): ... ga dekimásu …࠿ฝᮮ ࡱࡌ (can do what) … ga conj …࠿ but (= shikashi ࡊ࠾ࡊ) …´-ga suffix …⏤ painting, picture gabugabu adv ࢝ࣇ࢝ࣇ gulping down



…´-gai …አ outside (of): senmon-~ (no) ᑍ㛓አࡡ unprofessional; gái-bu n አ㒂 the outside, the exterior; gai-jin n አெ = gaikokú-jin አᅗெ foreigner; gai-ken n አず appearance; gai-kō n አஹ diplomacy, diplomatic relations: ~ kan አஹᏻ diplomat(ic) officer; gai-koku n አᅗ foreign countries: ~-go አᅗㄊ foreign language(s); ~-jin አᅗ ெ foreigner; gai-sen n አ⥲ out-



side line/extension (phone); gai-shoku n አ㣏 eating out; gai-tō n አዎ coat, overcoat; gai-sha n አ㌬ foreign car; gai-yō n አὊ high sea …-gai suffix …ㇽ (name of) shell: hotate-gai ࣌ࢰࢷ࢝࢕࣬ᕲ❟ㇽ



gabyō n ⏤㗡 thumbtack gachō n ࢝ࢲࣘࢗ࣬㬶㫵 goose gādeningu n ࣭࢝ࢸࢼࣤࢡ



scallop gáido n ࢝࢕ࢺ guide gáidoku n ᐐẐ [BOOKISH] evil, gardening harm, bad influence on society gādoman n ࣭࢝ࢺ࣏ࣤ guard gaikan n ᴣび survey, bird’s-eye gādorēru n ࣭࢝ࢺ࣭ࣝࣜ guardrail view gādoru n ࣭࢝ࢺࣜ girdle gaikotsu n 㦹㦭 skeleton gāgā adv ࣭࣭࢝࢝ quack, croak: gaikyō n ᴣἛ [BOOKISH] overall ~ iu oto ࣭࣭࢝࢝࠷࠹㡚 rasping condition Gaimú-shō n አຸ┤ Ministry of sound Foreign Affairs of JapanMOFA) gágaku n 㞖ᴞ [BOOKISH] music traditional to the imperial court gáinen n ᴣᛍ concept gái n ᐐ damage, harm, injury gairo n ⾜㊨ broad street(s) in the gai-… prefix አ… external, town gáisan n ᴣ⟤ approximate calcuforeign: gai(kokú)-jin አᅗெ; 55



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…-gáisha



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



lation: ~-chi ᴣ⟤ೋ estimated gakuchō n Ꮥ㛏 president of a figure school (college/university) …-gáisha n …ఌ♣ = kaisha ఌ♣ gakudan n ᴞᅆ band (of musicians) gakudō n Ꮥ❲ school child(ren): company gaisha n ラ⩽ = hi-gaisha ⿍ᐐ⩽ ~-hoiku Ꮥ❲ಕ⫩ after-school victim care for children gaitame n አⅥ = gaikoku-kawase gakuen n Ꮥᅧ academy አᅗⅥ᭨ foreign currency gakufu n ᴞㆍ musical score gakugei n Ꮥⰹ liberal arts operations gaitō n ⾜㢄 the street, the waygakugyo n Ꮥᴏ schoolwork, side academic work gaiyō n ᴣこ outline, summary gakuha n ᏕὬ school of thought gaka n ⏤ᐓ painter, artist gakuhi n Ꮥ㈕ academic fees …-gákari …౿ attendant (in charge) gákui n Ꮥన academic degree gake n ᓭ cliff gakúmon n Ꮥၡ knowledge, gakí n 㣱㨛 [BOOKISH] hungry/ learning, education begging ghost; ࢝࢞࣬࠿ࡀ࣬㣱㨛 gakunen n Ꮥᖳ school year gakureki n ᏕṌ educational backbrat: ~-daishø ࠿ࡀኬᑑ bully, little turk ground gakka n Ꮥ⛁ subject (school): gakuryoku n Ꮥງ academic ability ~-shiken Ꮥ⛁ム㥺 examinations gakusei n Ꮥ⏍ student: ~-fuku Ꮥ ⏍᭱ school uniform: ~-shø Ꮥ⏍ in academic subjects gakkai n Ꮥఌ scholarly society, チ student identification card gakusha n Ꮥ⩽ scholar association gakkári shimásu (suru) v ࠿ࡖ࠾ࡽࡊ gákushi n Ꮥኃ bachelor’s degree: ~-rónbun Ꮥኃㄵᩝ senior essay ࡱࡌࡌࡾ is disappointed, gakushū n Ꮥ⩞ study, learning discouraged gakki n Ꮥ᭿ term (of school); gakushū´-sha n Ꮥ⩞⩽ the student semester of a subject (in general): Eigo-~ gakki n ᴞჹ musical instrument ⱝㄊᏕ⩞⩽ the student of English gakkō n Ꮥᰧ school gamaguchi n ࠿ࡱཾ purse, wallet, gakkyū n Ꮥ⣥ class/grade in school pocketbook (= saifu ㈀ᕱ) gaku n Ꮥ learning, study, science: gáman n ᠻះ patience, persever…´-gaku …Ꮥ …-ology ance; ~ dekimasén (dekinai) ᠻ gáku n 㢘 amount, sum ះ࡚ࡀࡱࡎࢆ࡚ࡀ࡝࠷ cannot gakubu n Ꮥ㒂 department stand it; ~-zuyói ᠻះᙁ࠷ is gaku-buchi n 㢘⦍ frame (of picture) patient, persevering hard(er) 56



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geigō



gamen n ⏤㟻 screen (of TV,



gas(oline)/service station computer, etc.) gassō n ྙ዇ concert: ~ shimásu gámu n ࣑࢝ (chewing) gum ྙ዇ࡊࡱࡌ plays in a concert gán n ࠿ࢆ࣬⒬ cancer, carcinoma gásu n ࢝ࢪ (natural) gas; gasúgáisha n ࢝ࢪఌ♣ gas company; gāna n ࣭࢝ࢻ Ghana ganbarimásu, ganbáru n, interj 㡱ᘿ gasú-kónro n ࢝ࢪࡆࢆࢀ (gas) ࡽࡱࡌ, 㡱ᘿࡾ stands firm, bears hot plate; gasú-rénji n ࢝ࢪࣝࣤࢩ up, hangs in there; tries hard gas range gani-mata (no) adj ࠿࡞⫝̸ࡡ …-gata …ᆵ type, model; size …gáta …᪁ [HONORIFIC PLURAL] bowlegged ganjitsu, gantan n ඔ᪝, ඔ᪞ New esteemed (persons) Year’s day, first day of the year gā´tā n ࣭࢝ࢰ࣭ garter gánko (na) adj 㡱ᅖ࡝ stubborn gátagata shimásu (suru) v ࠿ࡒ࠿ࡒ gánnen n ඔᖳ the first year of an ࡊࡱࡌࡌࡾ clatters, rattles gatchi n ྙ⮬ accordance: ~ era; Year One gánrai adv ඔᮮ originally, prima- shimásu ྙ⮬ࡊࡱࡌ matches gatchiri-shita adj ࠿ࡖࡔࡽࡊࡒ rily gánsho n 㢢᭡ application well-built gantan n ඔ᪞ = ganjitsu ඔ᪝ …-gatsu …᭮ (name of) month of (New Year’s day, first day of the the year gatten n ྙⅤ consent, assent, year) gan’yaku n ୷ⷾ pill (= jøzai 㗼๠) understanding gappei n ྙె merger, combina- -gawa n ഁ side, mukø-gawa ྡྷࡆ ࠹ഁ the other side tion, union gáragara ࠿ࡼ࠿ࡼ࣬࢝ࣚ࢝ࣚ 1. n gāze n ࣭࢝ࢭ gauze rattle 2. adj rattling: ~ narimásu gazō n ⏤ാ image ࠿ࡼ࠿ࡼ㫾ࡽࡱࡌ it rattles gé n ୖ = ge-kan ୖᕬ last volume garakuta n ࠿ࡼࡂࡒ junk (of a set of 2 or 3) garasu n ࢝ࣚࢪ glass (substance) gedoku-zai n ゆẐ๠ antidote garasú-bin n ࢝ࣚࢪ⎴ glass jar/ gehín (na) adj ୖဗ࡝ vulgar: ~ na kotoba ୖဗ࡝ゕⴝ vulgar bottle gárē´ji n ࣭࢝ࣝࢩ garage language gári n ࢝ࣛ pickled ginger slices géi n ⰹ arts, accomplishments; gāru-furéndo n ࣭࢝ࣜࣆࣝࣤࢺ tricks, stunts géi n ࢣ࢕ gay: ~-bå ࢣ࢕ࣁ࣭ girlfriend (= kánojo ᙴዥ) gasorin n ࢝ࢮࣛࣤ gasoline: gay bar ~-sutándo ࢝ࢮࣛࣤࢪࢰࣤࢺ geigō n ㎼ྙ assent: ~ shimásu 57



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geijutsu



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



㎼ྙࡊࡱࡌ panders to one’s realistic; gen-jō n ⌟≟ the feelings/opinions/wishes present conditions/state, status geijutsu n ⰹ⾙ art(s); geijutsu-ka n quo; gen-jū´sho n ⌟పᡜ current ⰹ⾙ᐓ artist address; gen-kín n ⌟㔘 ready geinō n ⰹ⬗ performance arts, money; gen-kōhan (no) adj ⌟⾔≚ public entertainments; geinō´-jin n ࡡ red-handed: ~ de tsukamarimásu ⌟⾔≚࡚ᤍࡱࡽࡱࡌ is ⰹ⬗ெ entertainer(s) geisha n ⰹ⩽ geisha caught red handed; gén-zai n, gejun n ୖ᪢ late part/end of a adv ⌟ᅹ the present (time); at month (last 1/3 of the month) present, now geka n አ⛁ surgery (as a medical géndo n 㝀ᗐ limit: saidai/saikø-~ specialty); geká-i n አ⛁༈ surgeon ᭩ኬ᭩㧏㝀ᗐ the maximum/ ge-kan n ୖᕬ last volume (of a highest (degree) géngo n ゕㄊ language: ~-gaku ゕ set of 2 or 3) géki n ๸ play, drama ㄊᏕ linguistics gékido n ⃥ᛛ furious anger gengō n ඔྒ era name geki-ga n ๸⏤ graphic novel gen’in n ཋᅄ cause, origin, root: gekijō n ๸ሔ theater ~ to kekka ཋᅄ࡛⤎ᯕ cause gekiron n ⃥ㄵ violent controversy and effect gekkei n ᭮⤊ menstruation (= genjū (na) adj ཚ㔔࡝ strict: ~ seiri ⏍⌦): ~ ga hajimarimásu keibi ཚ㔔࡝㆑ങ very strict guard ᭮⤊࠿ጙࡱࡽࡱࡌ one’s period génkan n ⋖㛭 entrance (hall), porch génki n ඔẴo-génki ࠽ඔẴ begins gekkyū n ᭮⤝ monthly salary energy, vigor, pep: ~ (na) ඔẴ geko n ୖᡖ non-drinker ࡝ healthy, well, cheerful, gekokujō n ୖග୕ forcible disvigorous: O-genki desu ka. ࠽ඔ placement of a superior by one’s Ẵ࡚ࡌ࠾. How are you? genko n ᣑᅖ, genkotsu ᣑ㦭 fist inferior gē´mu n ࢣ࣭࣑ game genkō n ゕ⾔ sayings and doings gén n ᘳ string; gen-gakki n ᘳᴞჹ genkō n ཋ✇ manuscript: ~ o shiagemásu ཋ✇ࢅ௘୕ࡅࡱࡌ string instrument(s) gén(-) … prefix ⌟ … present finishes one’s article (time), current; gen-ba n ⌟ሔ genkoku n ཋ࿈ suitor, accuser site; gén-dai n ⌟௥ the present: genkyū shimásu (suru) v ゕཀྵࡊࡱࡌ ~ (no) ⌟௥ࡡ modern, up-toࡌࡾ [BOOKISH] refers to …, date; gen-jitsu n ⌟ᐁ actuality, mentions … (= (… ni) furemásu … ࡞ よࡿࡱࡌ reality; ~-teki (na) ⌟ᐁⓏ࡝ 58



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gíkai



génmai n ⋖⡷ unpolished rice; gesui n ୖỀ sewage; (kitchen) genmai-cha n ⋖⡷Ⲍ Genmaicha, drain; gesui-dō n ୖỀ㐠 sewage



brown rice tea



system



genmitsu (na) adj ཚᐠ࡝ strict genryō´ n ཋᩩ (raw) materials,



getá n ୖ㥇 wooden clogs (shoes) …-getsu suffix …᭮ month getsumatsu n ᭮ᮆ the end of a



basic ingredient gensaku n ཋష the original (writing) gensan (no) adj ཋ⏐ࡡ (plants and animals) native to: ~-chi ཋ ⏐ᆀ place of origin génshi n ཋᏄ atom; genshi-bákudan n ཋᏄ⇷ᙆ atomic bomb génshi (no) adj ཋጙࡡ primitive genshō n ⌟㇗ phenomenon genshō n ΅ᑛ decrease gensoku n ཋ์ a basic principle, a rule: ~ to shite ཋ์࡛ࡊ࡙ as a



month getsumen n ᭮㟻 surface of the



moon



Getsuyō´(bi) n ᭮᭑᪝ Monday gettō n ࢣࢴࢹ࣭ ghetto(s) gezai n ୖ๠ laxative gi-… prefix അ… pseudo- …; gi-shō n അチ false testimony; gizen n അၻ hypocrisy gi-… prefix ⩇ = giri (no) ⩇⌦ࡡ ...-in-law; gí-bo n ⩇ẍ = girí no haha ⩇⌦ࡡẍ mother-in-law; (general) rule gentei n 㝀ᏽ limitation gí-fu n ⩇∏ = girí no chichi ⩇⌦ genzō shimásu (suru) v ⌟ാࡊࡱࡌ ࡡ∏ father-in-law; gi-kei n ⩇ඕ ࡌࡾ develops (film) = girí no ani ⩇⌦ࡡඕ elder geppu n ᭮㈷ monthly installbrother-in-law; gi-mai n ⩇ግ = ments/payments: ~-barai ᭮㈷ᡮ girí no imøto ⩇⌦ࡡግ young ࠷ monthly payments sister-in-law; gi-tei n ⩇ᘭ = girí géppu n ࡅࡖࡪ belch, burp no otøto ⩇⌦ࡡᘭ young brothergeragera waraimásu (warau) v ࡅࡼࡅ in-law ࡼ>ࢣࣚࢣࣚ@ ➏࠷ࡱࡌ➏࠹ gífuto n ࢟ࣆࢹ gift gíin n ㆗ဤ member of parliament: laughs with great guffaws geretsu adj ୖ຋ rude, abusive, Kokkai-~ ᅗఌ㆗ဤ member of a



mean



national legislature



geri n ୖ② diarrhea giji-dō n ㆗஥ᇸ: kokkai ~ ᅗఌ㆗ geshi n ኚ⮫ summer solstice ஥ᇸ Diet building geshuku n ୖᐙ lodgings, room gíjutsu n ᢇ⾙ technique; gijutu-sha (and board); geshuku-ya n ୖᐙᒁ n ᢇ⾙⩽ technician, engineer gíkai n ㆗ఌ parliament, assembly, rooming/boarding house gés-súi-kin n ᭮Ề㔘 Mondaycongress; (the Japanese) Diet Wednesday-Friday (= kokkai ᅗఌ)



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gikochinái



gikochinái adj ࡁࡆࡔ࡝࠷ awkward, makes a sacrifice/scapegoat of clumsy …; ~ ni narimásu ≓∽࡞࡝ࡽࡱ gimon n ␪ၡ question, doubt; ࡌ falls a victim, is sacrificed; gimón-fu n ␪ၡ➚ question mark giséi-sha n ≓∽⩽ victim gímu n ⩇ຸ duty, obligation; gimu- gíshi n ᢇᖅ engineer kyō´iku n ⩇ຸᩅ⫩ compulsory gíshiki n ൢᘟ ceremony, ritual gítā n ࢟ࢰ࣭ guitar education gín n 㖗 silver; gin-iro (no) adj 㖗Ⰵ gítcho (no) adj (discriminatory ࡡ silver (color); gín-ka n 㖗㈄ term) ࡁࡖࡔࡺࡡ left-handed silver coin (person) (= hidari-kiki (no) ᕞฺ Gínga n 㖗ἑ the Milky Way ࡀࡡ ) ginjō n ྨ㔂 produce from the use giwaku n ␪ᝠ doubt, suspicion of selected ingredient(s): ~-shu gizō n അ㏸ forgery ྨ㔂㒿 quality sake brewed from gó n ◳ the board game Go (= ígo ᅑ◳): go-ban ◳┑ a Go board the finest rice ginkō n 㖗⾔ bank; ginkō´-in n 㖗⾔ gó n ஫࣬5 five; go-ban n ஫␊ ဤ bank clerk number five; go-banmé (no) adj ginmi n ྨ࿝ investigation ஫␊┘ࡡ fifth; go-dai n ஫ྋ ginnán n ࢟ࣤࢻࣤ࣬㖗ᮝ gingko five machines/vehicles; go-dó n ஫ᗐ five times (= go-kai ஫ᅂ); nuts ginshō n ྨ၌ intonation gó-do n ஫ᗐ five degrees; gó-hiki ginyūshijin n ྨ㐗モெ minstrel n ஫༆ five (fishes/bugs, small girei n ൢ♡ courtesy animals); go-hon n ஫ᮇ five girí n ⩇⌦o-gíri ࠽⩇⌦ obliga- (pencils/bottles, long things); gotion, sense of obligation, honor: kái n ஫ᅂ five times; go-kai n ஫ girí no … ⩇⌦ࡡ… …-in-law: 㝭 five floors/stories; fifth floor; girí no ane ⩇⌦ࡡ጗ elder sister- gó-ko n ஫಴ five (pieces, small in-law objects); go-mai n ஫ᯓ five sheets Gírish(i)a n ࢟ࣛࢨࣔ࣬࢟ࣛࢨ࢓ (flat things); go-nen n ஫ᖳ the Greece; Girish(i)a-go ࢟ࣛࢨࣔ࣬࢟ year 5: ~-kan ஫ᖳ㛣 (for) five ࣛࢨ࢓ㄊ Greek (language); years; go-nín n ஫ெ five people; Girish(i)a-jin ࢟ࣛࢨࣔெ࣬࢟ࣛࢨ࢓ gó-satsu n ஫෇ five copies (books, ெ Greek (people) magazines); go-tō n ஫㢄 five gíron n ㆗ㄵ discussion (horses/oxen, large animals); giryo n ᢇ㔖 skills, abilities gó-wa n ஫⩒ five (birds, rabbits) gisei n ≓∽ a sacrifice: … o ~ ni go-… prefix ࡇ࣬ᚒ… honorific shimásu …ࢅ≓∽࡞ࡊࡱࡌ (personalizing) prefix (cf. o- ࠽



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JAPANESE–ENGLISH



go-busata



࣬ᚒ); go-chisō n ࡇࡔࡐ࠹࣬ࡇ㤽 ࡱࡌ Thank you for your polite ㉦ treat (of food); gochisø-sama reply. → téinei ୍ᐺ; go-tsugō n ࡇ (deshita). ࡇࡔࡐ࠹ࡈࡱ࡚ࡊࡒ . 㒌ྙ convenience [HONORIFIC]: Thank you for the treat (the reply itsu ga ~ yoroshiidesuka ࠷ࡗ࠿ is o-sómatsu-sama (deshita). ࠽⢊ ࡇ㒌ྙࡻࢀࡊ࠷࡚ࡌ࠾ When is ᮆࡈࡱ࡚ࡊࡒ .); go-fujō n ࡇ୘ it convenient for you? → tsugō Ὧ࣬ᚒ୘Ὧ [HONORIFIC] toilet, 㒌ྙ; go-yō´ n ࡇ⏕ (your/somerest room, lavatory (= tóire ࢹ࢕ one else’s) business [HONORIFIC] ࣝ ; go-jibun n ࡇ⮤ฦ you, your- → yō´ ⏕; gó-zen n ࡇ⭻ low meal self [HONORIFIC]; go-kazoku n ࡇᐓ table, dining tray; meal [HONOR᪐ (your/someone else’s) family IFIC]; go-zónji v ࡇᏋ▩ ~ désu ka? [HONORIFIC] → kázoku ᐓ᪐; go-kigen ࡇᏋ▩࡚ࡌ࠾" Do you know? n ࡇᶭ᎒ mood, feeling: ~ ikága [HONORIFIC] (= shitte(i)másuka? desu ka ࡇᶭ᎒࠷࠾࠿࡚ࡌ࠾. How ▩ࡖ࡙࠷ ࡱࡌ࠾"); zónji(age) are you (feeling)?: ~ yø´ ࡇࡀࡅࢆ masén Ꮛ▩࠵ࡅ ࡱࡎࢆ don’t ࡻ࠹. Good-bye./Hello. [HONOR- know [HONORIFIC] (= shirimasén IFIC] → kigen ᶭ᎒; go-mottomo ▩ࡽࡱࡎࢆ) interj ࡇࡵࡖ࡛ࡵ You’re abso- go-… prefix ࡇ࣬ㄏ… wrong; lutely right.; go-ón n ࡇ᜘ (your/ go-hō n ㄏሒ false report; go-shín someone else’s) kindness, my n ㄏタ wrong diagnosis; go-kai n obligation to you [HONORIFIC] → ㄏゆ misunderstanding ón ᜘; go-riyaku n ࡇฺ─ divine go-… prefix ㄊ language; help/grace; go-ryō´shin n ࡇ୦の word(s); go-chō n ㄊㄢ tone of (your/someone else’s) parents talk, intonation; gó-gaku n ㄊᏕ (foreign) language learning; gó-i [HONORIFIC] → ryō´shin ୦の; goshínsetsu n ࡇのว (your/someone n ㄊᙙ vocabulary (item) else’s) kindness [HONORIFIC] : ~ -go suffix ᚃ after, later, since: ni dømo arigatø (gozaimásu) ࡇ sono-go ࡐࡡᚃ after that, since のว࡞࡜࠹ࡵ࠵ࡽ࠿࡛࠹ࡇࡉ࠷ then ࡱࡌ Thank you very much for …-go suffix …ㄊ (name of) lanyour kindness. → shínsetsu のว; guage; word(s): Nihon-go ᪝ᮇ go-shújin n ࡇ୹ெ (your/someone ㄊ the Japanese (language) else’s) husband [HONORIFIC] → -gō suffix ྒ: (magazine issues) shújin ୹ெ; go-téinei (na) adj ࡇ୍ …-gatsugø …᭮ྒ; (train ᐺ࡝ polite; careful [HONORIFIC]: numbers) …-gø´sha ྒ㌬; (room ~ na henshin arigatø gozaimásu numbers) …-gøshitsu …ྒᐄ ࡇ୍ᐺ࡝㏁ಘ࠵ࡽ࠿࡛࠹ࡇࡉ࠷ go-busata n ࡇ↋ἃụ failure to



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gochagocha (shita)



keep in touch: ~ shite orimásu ࡇ ㇞⳱⤚∁࡞♻࠷ࡱࡌ celebrates ↋ἃụࡊ࡙࠽ࡽࡱࡌ I have been with pomp and splendor neglectful (in keeping in touch gōkaku n ྙ᰹ passing (an exam) gōkan n ᙁጩ rape with you). gochagocha (shita) adj ࡇࡔࡶࡇࡔ gōkei n ྙ゛ total (sum) ࡶࡊࡒ messy, jumble goke (-san) n ᚃᐓࡈࢆ widow gochamaze adj ࡇࡔࡶΊࡏ jumble gokiburi n ࢥ࢞ࣇࣛ cockroach góchō n ం㛏 (army) corporal góku adv ᴗ very, exceedingly gōdō n ྙྜྷ combination, union, gōkyū n ྒἵ crying bitterly, fusion; congruence gofuku n ࿇᭱ yard/dry goods;



(traditional Japanese clothing) kimono: ~-ya ࿇᭱ᒁ dry goods store; kimono shop Gó-gatsu n ஫᭮࣬5 ᭮ May gógo n ༔ᚃ afternoon, p.m. góhan n ࡇ㣜 (cooked) rice; meal, dinner (= shokuji 㣏஥); food go-hyakú n ஫Ⓤ࣬500 five hundred gō´i n ྙណ agreement gōin (na) adj ᙁᘤ࡝ forcible, highhanded: ~ ni ᙁᘤ࡞ forcibly, highhandedly go-ishi n ◳▴ a Go stone (piece) go-jū´ n ஫༎࣬fifty 50 go-jū´on n ஫༎㡚 the Japanese kana syllabary gō´ka (na) adj ㇞⳱࡝ luxurious, deluxe: ~ na shokuji ㇞⳱࡝㣏஥ delicious cuisine gōkai (na) adj ㇞ᛄ࡝ dynamic:



crying out goma n ࢥ࣏࣬⬄㯖 sesame (seeds): ~ o surimásu ࢥ࣏ࢅࡌ ࡽࡱࡌ grinds sesame; flatters; goma-súri n ࡇࡱࡌࡽ flattery gomakashimásu, gomakásu v ࡇࡱ࠾ ࡊࡱࡌ, ࡇࡱ࠾ࡌ deceives, cheats, misrepresents; tsurisen o ~ 㔦ࡽ 㖱ࢅࡇࡱ࠾ࡊࡱࡌ shortchanges go-mán n ஫୒࣬50,000 fifty



thousand gōman (na) adj ഩះ࡝ haughty,



arrogant gomen interj ࡇࡴࢆ: ~ nasái. ࡇࡴ ࢆ࡝ࡈ࠷. Excuse me. (= sumimásen ࡌࡲࡱࡎࢆ); ~ kudasái. ࡇࡴࢆୖࡈ࠷. ① Hello, anybody home? ② Excuse me for inter-



rupting. gomí n ࢥ࣐ trash, rubbish, gar-



bage, house refuse, (house) dust; gomí-bako n ࢥ࣐⟵ trash box, garbage can, dustbin; gomi-búkuro ~ na nomippuri ㇞ᛄ࡝㣟ࡲࡖࡪ n ࢥ࣐⾼ garbage bag ࡽ dynamic way of drinking gomoku-nárabe n ஫┘୩࡬ gobang (alcohol) (a simplified version of the gō´ka-kenran adj ㇞⳱⤚∁ absoboard game Go) lutely gorgeous: ~ ni iwaimásu gómu n ࢥ࣑ rubber: wa-~ ㍧ࢥ࣑ 62



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rubber band; gomú-naga(gutsu) n ࢥ ࣑㛏㠈 rubber boots gondora n ࢥࣤࢺࣚ gondola(s) gonge n ᶊ໩ incarnation, embodiment gongodōdan (na) adj ゕㄊ㐠᩷࡝ egregious gongu n ࢥࣤࢡ gong: ~ o nara-



gozaimásu



górufu n ࢥࣜࣆ golf; gorufu-jō n ࢥ ࣜࣆሔ golf course gōryū n ྙὮ merger, confluence: “Gøryü chü´i” “ྙὮἸណ” Lanes



Merge (Ahead), Merge (Lanes); gōryū-ten n ྙὮⅤ confluence gó-sai n ஫ṋ five years old (= itsutsu ஫ࡗ) shimasu ࢥࣤࢡࢅ㫾ࡼࡊࡱࡌ gōsain n ࢥ࣭ࢦ࢕ࣤ go sign, sounds a gong green light goraku n ፑᴞ entertainment, re- go-sén n ஫༐࣬5,000 five thousand … -gō´sha suffix …ྒ㌬ train car creation, amusement; gorakushisetsu n ፑᴞ᪃シ amusement number … go-shín n ㆜㌗ self-defense: ~-jutyu facility goran v ࡇぬ: ~ ni narimásu ࡇ ㆜㌗⾙ art of self-defense ぬ࡞࡝ࡽࡱࡌ [HONORIFIC] (you) gósho n ᚒᡜ imperial palace (in see; ~ kudasai ࡇぬୖࡈ࠷ Please Kyoto) gotaku n ࡇࡒࡂ cant: ~ o narabelook/see. → mimasu ずࡱࡌ gōri n ྙ⌦ accordance with reason: másu ࡇࡒࡂࢅ୩࡬ࡱࡌ talks a ~-teki (na) ྙ⌦Ⓩ࡝ rational, load of garbage reasonable, sensible; gōrí-ka n ྙ gotamaze n ࡇࡒࡱࡏ jumble ⌦໩ rationalization (making it gōtō n ᙁ┈ robber; robbery … gótoku (ni) suffix, adv …ࡇ࡛ࡂ reasonable); streamlining gorin n ஫㍧ Olympics ࡞ [LITERARY] = … yø´ (ni) … gorira n ࢥࣛࣚ gorilla ࡻ࠹࡞ like … góro (ni) suffix, adv …ࡇࢀ>㡥@ … góto (ni) suffix, adv …ࡇ࡛࡞ ࡞ (at) about (a time) every …, each …: koto áru ~ (ni) goro-ne n ࡇࢀᐱ lying dozing, ࡆ࡛࠵ࡾࡇ࡛࡞ every chance sacking out one gets gorotsuki n ࡇࢀࡗࡀ cheap gō´u n ㇞㞭 heavy rain, (torrential) hoodlum(s) downpour: shüchü-~ 㞗୯㇞㞭 gō´ru n ࢥ࣭ࣜ goal (sports): ~ local downpour, local heavy rain kiipå ࢥ࣭࣭ࣜ࢞ࣂ࣭ goalkeeper gozá n ࡇࡉ (thin floor mat) straw gōruden-uíiku/wíiku n ࢥ࣭ࣜࢸࣤࢗ mat ࢕࣭ࢠࢗ࢔࣭ࢠ Golden Week gozaimásu v ࡇࡉ࠷ࡱࡌ [DEFERENTIAL] = arimásu ࠵ࡽࡱࡌ there holidays (29 April – 5 May) górufā n ࢥࣜࣆ࢒࣭ golfer is, we’ve got; it is (located) 63



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gózen



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



gózen n ༔๑ morning, a.m gu n ර ingredients, fillings gu n ម stupidity: ~ no kotchø ម ࡡ㦭㡤 ultimate silliness guai n රྙ condition, shape, feelings (of health): ~ ga warúi රྙ࠿ᝇ࠷ is out of order, is not



(an amount; the same extent as); at least gúramu suffix n ࢡ࣑ࣚ gram(s) gúrasu n ࢡࣚࢪ glass (container) gura(u)ndo n ࢡࣚࢗ ࣤࢺ playground gurē´ (no) adj ࢡ࣭ࣝࡡ gray working properly, is not feeling gurēpufurū´tsu n ࢡ࣭ࣝࣈࣆ࣭ࣜࢵ grapefruit good/right, is upset guchi n ម⑭ complaint, gripe guríin (no) adj ࢡ࣭ࣛࣤࡡ …-guchi suffix …ཾ: mado-~ win- green: ~-sha ࢡ࣭ࣛࣤ㌬ the dow, wicket: deiri-~ ฝථࡽཾ Green Car (first-class seats) gúrōbu n ࢡ࣭ࣞࣇ (baseball, doorway, gateway gugen (ka) n ර⌟໩ realization boxing) glove (= gúrabu ࢡࣚࣇ gū´gū adv ࢡ࣭ࢡ࣭ snoring (away), guruguru (to) adv ࡃࡾࡃࡾ࡛ Zzz round and round gūhatsu teki (na/ni) adj, adv ഃⓆⓏ gurukōsu n ࢡࣜࢤ࣭ࢪ glucose ࡝࡞ accidental(ly) gurume n ࢡ࣒ࣜ gourmet guigui (to) adv ࢡ࢕ࢡ࢕࡛ gurū´pu n ࢡ࣭ࣜࣈ group strongly: ~ to nomimásu/guino- gusaku n ម➿ stupid/idiotic plan mi shimásu ࢡ࢕ࢡ࢕࡛㣟ࡲࡱ gusari-to sashimásu (sasu) v ࢡࢦࣛ ࡌࢡ࢕㣟ࡲࡊࡱࡌ gulps down ࡛ๆࡊࡱࡌๆࡌ stabs gussúri adv ࡃࡖࡌࡽ (sleeping) a drink gui(t)to adv ࢡ࢕ࢴ ࡛ with a jerk soundly gún n ㌯ army, troops; gun-jin n ㌯ gutai-rei n රమౚ specific example ெ soldier, military person; gun- gutai-teki (na) adj රమⓏ࡝ kan n ㌯⯼ warship; gun-puku n ㌯ concrete, substantial, tangible, ᭱ military uniform; gún-sō n ㌯ material ᭢ sergeant gūtara (mono) n ࡃ࠹ࡒࡼ⩽ gún n 㑾 county lazybones, drone gū-no-ne mo demasen (denai) v ࡃ࠹ gút(-to) adv ࢡࢴ࡛ with a jerk/ ࡡ㡚ࡵฝࡱࡎࢆฝ࡝࠷ is ungulp, suddenly able to argue against gūwa n ᐩヨ allegory, fable gunshū n ⩄⾏ crowd gūzen (no) adj ഃ↓ࡡ accidental, gúrabu n ࢡࣚࣇ → gúrōbu ࢡ࣭ࣞࣇ fortuitous: ~ ni ഃ↓࡞ by chance, gurafu n ࢡࣚࣆ graph accidentally … gúrai suffix …న࣬ࡃࡼ࠷ about gūzō n ഃാ idol 64



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ha



gúzu n ࡃࡍ dullard gúzuguzu iimásu (iu/yū) v ࡃࡍࡃࡍ ゕ࠷ࡱࡌゕ࠹ complains,



gyōko n ฆᅖ coagulation gyomin n ⁲Ằ fisherperson gyōmu n ᴏຸ business, work: ~-jikan ᴏຸ᫤㛣 business hours grumbles gúzuguzu shimásu (suru) v ࡃࡍࡃࡍ gyoro-me n ࡁࡺࢀ┘ goggling ࡊࡱࡌࡌࡾ delays, dawdles eyes gyaku (no/ni) adj, adv ㏣ࡡ࡞ gyorori to niramimasu (niramu) v ࡁࡺ ࢀࡽ࡛╦ࡲࡱࡌ>࡞ࡼࡲࡱࡌ@╦ opposite, contrary, backwards gyakutai shimásu (suru) v ⹚ᙽࡊࡱ ࡳ>࡞ࡼࡳ@ goggles, glares gyorui n 㨮㢦 fishes ࡌࡌࡾ mistreats gyáppu n ࢟ࣔࢴࣈ gap gyōsei n ⾔ᨳ administration (of gyo- prefix ᚒ → go- ࡇ࣬ᚒ government) gyō´ n ⾔ line (of words); line gyōseki n ᴏ⦴ achievements: ~ o agemásu ᴏ⦴ࢅ୕ࡅࡱࡌ of the kana chart: sá-~ ࡈ⾔ the sa-shi-su-se-so ࡈࡊࡌࡎࡐ : improves performance gyøkan ⾔㛣 line space gyosha n ᚒ⩽ coachman gyō´ n ᴏ line of work (= shokúgyø gyotto shimasu (suru) v ࡁࡺࡖ࡛ࡊ ⫃ᴏ) ࡱࡌࡌࡾ is startled gyōchū n ࢟ࣘࢗࢲࣖࢗ࣬ࡁࡺ࠹⹰ gyōza n ࢟ࣘࢗࢧ࣬㣧Ꮔ crescent-



pinworm



shaped dumpling stuffed with



gyófu n ⁲ኰ fisherman ground pork, etc. gyōgi n ⾔ൢ behavior, manners gyūgyū adj ࡁࡸ࠹ࡁࡸ࠹ョࡴ gyógyō n ⁲ᴏ fishing (business) jam-packed: ~zume no densha gyōgyōshii adj ௭ࠍࡊ࠷ pompous ࡁࡸ࠹ࡁࡸ࠹ョࡴࡡ㞹㌬ jamgyō´jí n ⾔஥ ceremony, event packed train gyōkai n ᴏ⏲ industry, world: gyūniku n ∭⫏ beef ~-yøgo ᴏ⏲⏕ㄊ industry jargon gyūnyū n ∭஘ (cow’s) milk gyōketsu n ฆ⤎ condensation



H ha n ⴝ leaf (= happa ⴝࡖࡤ): ochi-ba ⴘࡔⴝ fallen leave(s) há n ṉ tooth; ha-búrashi n ṉࣇࣚ ࢨ tooth brush; há-guki n ṉⱴ gum (teethridge); há-isha n ṉ༈⩽



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dentist; ha-ita n ṉ⑚ toothache (= shitsü ṉ⑚) há n ร edge (of knife), blade (of razor) ha interj ࡢ [DEFERENTIAL] yes 65



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JAPANESE–ENGLISH



hā



hā interj ࡢ࠵ 1. aha 2. phew haba n ᖕ width habakari-nágara … interj ࡢࡣ࠾ࡽ࡝ ࠿ࡼ …I beg your pardon, but … habamemásu, habaméru v 㜴ࡴࡱࡌ, 㜴ࡴࡾ can prevent/thwart habamimásu, habámu v 㜴ࡲࡱࡌ, 㜴ࡳ prevents, thwarts habatsu n Ὤ㛰 faction, clique hā´bu n ࣀ࣭ࣇ herb(s) habukimásu, habúku v ┤ࡀࡱࡌ, ┤ࡂ cuts out, reduces, saves,



naked: ~ no ø-sama ⿼ࡡ⋜ᵕ naked king hadashi n ⿼㊂ barefoot hadé (na) adj Ὤᡥ࡝ gaudy, showy, flashy, bright, loud (color) hādowéa n ࣀ࣭ࢺࢗ࢘࢓ (computer) hardware: ~ to sofutowea ࣀ࣭ࢺࢗ࢘࢓࡛ࢮࣆࢹࢗ࢘࢓



hardware and software hae n ࣀ࢙࣬⼒ (house)fly haemásu, haéru v ⏍࠻ࡱࡌ, ⏍࠻ࡾ



eliminates, omits



(tooth, hair, mold, …) grows



hachi n ࣀࢲ࣬⻇ bee (= mitsúbachi ⻜⻇); hachi-mitsu n ࣀࢲ࣐ ࢵ࣬⻇⻜ honey hachí n 㖂 bowl, basin, pot, rice bucket/tub; hachí-mono n 㖂∸



hagaki n ࡢ࠿ࡀ࣬ⴝ᭡ postcard hagane n ࣀ࢝ࢾ࣬㗨 steel hagashimásu, hagasu v ๡࠿ࡊࡱࡌ, ๡࠿ࡌ peels off, tears off háge n ⚴ bald spot, baldness hagemashimásu, hagemásu v ທࡱࡊ potted plant hachí n ඳ࣬8 eight; hachí-dó n ࡱࡌ ທࡱࡌ encourages ඳᗐ eight times (= hachi-kái, hagemásu, hagéru v ๡ࡅࡱࡌ, ๡ࡅ hak-kái ඳᅂ, hap-pen ඳ⥽); ࡾ it peels off hachí-do n ඳᗐ eight degrees; hagemásu, hagéru v ⚴>ࡢࡅ@ࡱࡌ, hachi-hon, háp-pon n ඳᮇ eight ⚴ࡅࡾ࣬ࡢࡅࡾ gets/goes bald hagemimásu, hagému v ທࡲࡱࡌ, (pencils/bottles, long objects); hachi-ko, hák-ko n ඳ಴ eight pieces ທࡳ works hard (small objects) (= yáttsu ඳࡗ); hageshíi adj ⃥ࡊ࠷ violent, hachí-mai n ඳᯓ eight sheets (flat severe, fierce, acute hagimásu, hágu v ๡ࡁࡱࡌ, ๡ࡃ things); hachí-wa, háp-pa n ඳ⩒



eight (birds, rabbits)



peels it off



Hachí-gatsu n ඳ᭮ August hachi-mán n ඳ୒࣬80,000 eighty



hagó-íta n ⩒Ꮔᯀ battledore ha-gúruma n ṉ㌬ cog (wheel), gear thousand háha, haha-oya n ẍ, ẍの mother hachūrui n ࣀ⹰㢦࣬∈⹰㢦 reptile (= okå´-san ࠽ẍࡈࢆ) háda n ⫑ skin: ~-iro ⫑Ⰵ flesh hahen n ◒∞ broken piece(s): garasu no ~ ࢝ࣚࢪࡡ◒∞ brocolor hadaka (no) adj ⿼࣬ࡢࡓ࠾ࡡ ken pieces of glass



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haisui



hai n ⅂ ashes; hai-zara n ⅂⓸ ash haikara (na) adj ࣀ࢕࢜ࣚ࡝ fash-



tray



ionable, high-class



hai n ⫭ lungs; hai-byō n ⫭⑋ tuberculosis, TB (= kekkaku ⤎ᰶ); hai-en n ⫭ⅎ pneumonia; hai-gan n ⫭࠿ࢆ lung cancer hái interj 1. ࡢ࠷ yes (= ë ࠻࠻ (mostly female)) 2. here you are! …´-hai suffix …᮴ cupful(s),



haikei n ⫴ᬊ background, BG háikei n ᣇၤ [BOOKISH] Dear Sir/



Madam (in a letter)



haiken n ᣇず: ~ shimásu ᣇずࡊ ࡱࡌ [HUMBLE] I/We (will) look at/see (= mimasu ずࡱࡌ) haiki n ᤴẴ exhaust; haiki-gásu n ᤴẴ࢝ࢪ exhaust (fumes); haikíbowlful(s) sen n ᤴẴᡢ exhaust fan haiboku n ᩃ໪ defeat, loss haibōru n ࣀ࢕࣭࣍ࣜ highball haiki n ᗣᲘ disposal, abolition, haibun n 㒼ฦ distribution rejection: ~ shimásu ᗣᲘࡊࡱࡌ haichi n 㒼⨠ layout, allocation, scraps, ~-butsu ᗣᲘ∸, waste(s) háikíngu n ࣀ࢕࢞ࣤࢡ hike, hiking location, placement, setup haifu n 㒼ᕱ distribution, circulation háiku n ಢྀ haiku (short (17-sylhaigo n ⫴ᚃ rear, backside lable) poem) haigō n 㒼ྙ composition; ~-zai haikyo n ᗣቐ ruin 㒼ྙ๠ compounding agent haikyū n 㒼⤝ rationing haigūsha n 㒼ഃ⩽ spouse haimásu, háu v ㏲࠷ࡱࡌ, ㏲࠹ crawls haigyō n ᗣᴏ closure of an hairemásu, hairéru v ථࡿࡱࡌ, ථࡿ ࡾ can enter operation, end of a business haihiiru n ࣀ࢕ࣃ࣭ࣜ high-heeled hairimásu, háiru v ථࡽࡱࡌ, ථࡾ shoes enters; háitte imásu ථࡖ࡙࠷ࡱ hai-iro (no) adj ⅂Ⰵࡡ gray: ~ no ࡌ is inside sora ⅂Ⰵࡡ✭ gray sky hairyo n 㒼៎ consideration: go-~ haijin n ಢெ haiku poet (itadaki) arigatø-gozaimasu ࡇ㒼 haijin n ᗣெ cripple, wreck ៎࠷ࡒࡓࡀ ࠵ࡽ࠿࡛࠹ࡇࡉ࠷ háijo n ᤴ㝎 removal, elimination, ࡱࡌ Thank you all for your help



exclusion



and support.



haikan n 㒼⟮ piping haishaku-shimásu (suru) v ᣇೇࡊࡱ haikan n ᗣษ publication discon- ࡌࡌࡾ [HUMBLE] (I) borrow tinuation (= karimasu ೇࡽࡱࡌ) haikan n ᣇび admission: ~ shihaishi n ᗣḾ abolition másu ᣇびࡊࡱࡌ [HUMBLE] has haishinkōi n ⫴ಘ⾔Ⅵ treachery the honor of seeing; haikan-ryō n haisui n ᤴỀ drainage; haisui-ponpu ᣇびᩩ admission fee n ᤴỀ࣎ࣤࣈ drainage pump



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haita



haita n ᤴ௙ exclusion; haita-teki (na) adj ᤴ௙Ⓩ࡝ exclusive haitatsu n 㒼㐡 delivery haitōkin n 㒼ᙔ㔘 dividends, annuity: ~ o uketorimásu 㒼ᙔ㔘ࢅ ུࡄཱིࡽࡱࡌ gets an annuity háiyā n ࣀ࢕࣭ࣕ limousine for hire haiyū n ಢඁ actor (= yaku-sha ᙲ⩽), actress (= joyü ዥඁ) haji(-kko) n ❻ࡖࡆ edge, end hají n ᜕ shame: embarrassment: ~ o kakimásu ᜕ࢅ࠾ࡀࡱࡌ



haka-bá n ቉ሔ graveyard, cemetery hakadorimásu, hakaréru v ࡢ࠾࡜ࡽ ࡱࡌ, ࡢ࠾࡜ࡾ makes good progress: shigoto ga ~ ௘஥࠿ࡢ࠾࡜ ࡽࡱࡌ gets ahead with one’s work hakai n ◒ቪ destruction, demoli-



tion hakaku (no) adj ◒᰹ࡡ unprecedented: ~ no nedan ◒᰹ࡡೋṹ



rock-bottom price, bargain price hakama n ⿑ traditional Japanese



skirtlike trousers for male hakanái adj ൷࠷ fleeting, transitory disgraces/embarrasses oneself hajikemásu, hajikéru v ࡢࡋࡄࡱࡌ, hakaraimásu, hakarau v ゛ࡼ࠷ࡱࡌ, ࡢࡋࡄࡾ it pops, snaps ゛ࡼ࠹ arranges hajikí n ࡢࡋࡀ marbles hakaremásu, hakaréru v ῼࡿࡱࡌ, hajikimásu, hajíku v ࡢࡋࡀࡱࡌ, ࡢ ῼࡿࡾ can measure ࡋࡂ snaps it, repels it hakaremásu, hakaréru v 㔖ࡿࡱࡌ, hajimari v ጙࡱࡽ beginning, start 㔖ࡿࡾ can weigh hajimarimásu, hajimaru v ጙࡱࡽࡱࡌ, hakarí n ⛏ (weighting/weight) ጙࡱࡾ it begins (starts) scales hajimásu, hajiru v ᜕ࡱࡌ, ᜕ࡋࡾ hakarigóto n ㅓ plot, trick, scheme feels shame, feels embarrassed hakarimásu, hakáru v ῼࡽࡱࡌ, hajime n ิࡴ the beginning; in ῼࡾ measures the beginning: ~ no ิࡴࡡ the hakarimásu, hakáru v 㔖ࡽࡱࡌ, 㔖ࡾ weighs first …; ~ wa ิࡴࡢ at first Hajimemáshite. interj ิࡴࡱࡊ࡙ hakarimásu, hakáru v ᅒࡽ>ㅓࡽ@ࡱ ࡌ, ᅒ>ㅓ@ࡾ plans, designs; plots How do you do? (on being hákase n ༡ኃ doctor (Ph.D.) (= introduced) hajimemásu, hajimeru v ጙࡴࡱࡌ, hakushi ༡ኃ): ~-rónbun ༡ኃㄵ ጙࡴࡾ begins (starts) it ᩝ doctoral dissertation hajimeraremásu, hajimerareru v ጙࡴ haké n ใẗ brush ࡼࡿࡱࡌ, ጙࡴࡼࡿࡾ can begin it haké n ᤅࡄ drainage, draining ~ hajímete adv ࡢࡋࡴ࡙࣬ิࡴ࡙ ga íi désu ᤅࡄ࠿࠷࠷࡚ࡌ it for the first time drains/sells well haká n ቉ grave (tomb): ~-mairi ቉ haké-kuchi/-guchi n ᤅࡄཾ outlet ཤࡽ visiting someone’s grave; (for water/emotion/goods) 68



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hakuai



hakemásu, hakeru v ᒓࡄࡱࡌ, ᒓࡄ hakkí n Ⓠᥱ exertion ࡾ can wear (footwear, pants, hakkíri adv ࡢࡖࡀࡽ plainly, skirt, socks) clearly, distinctly, exactly: ~ (to) hakemásu, hakéru v ᤅࡄࡱࡌ, ᤅࡄ shimásu ࡢࡖࡀࡽ࡛ ࡊࡱࡌ ࡾ it drains off; it sells (well) becomes clear hakemásu, hakéru v ྡࡄࡱࡌ, ྡࡄ hák-ko, hachi-kó n ඳ಴ eight piecࡾ can vomit/spill out es (small objects) (= yáttsu ඳࡗ) hakemásu, hakéru v ᤪࡄࡱࡌ, ᤪࡄ hakkō n Ⓠ⾔ publication: ࡾ can sweep hakkøsha Ⓠ⾔⩽ publisher haken n Ὤ㐭 dispatch: jinzai-~hakkō n Ⓠක light emission gaisha ெᮞὬ㐭ఌ♣ temporary- hakkō n Ⓠ㓕 ferment hakkutsu n Ⓠᤸ exhumation: ~ employment agency háki n ざẴ ambition (energetic shimásu Ⓠᤸࡊࡱࡌ digs up, spirit): ~ ga arimásu ざẴ࠿࠵ࡽ excavates ࡱࡌ is full of spirit hakkyō n Ⓠ≤ derangement: ~ hakihaki (to) adj ࡢࡀࡢࡀ࡛ shimásu Ⓠ≤ࡊࡱࡌ becomes lively, briskly: ~ to henji o shiinsane másu ࡢࡀࡢࡀ࡛㏁஥ࢅࡊࡱࡌ hako n ⟵ box, case, chest, con-



answers clearly and crisply



tainer



haki-ké n ྡࡀẴ nausea: ~ ga hakobimásu, hakobu v 㐘ࡦࡱࡌ, 㐘 shimásu ྡࡀẴ࠿ࡊࡱࡌ, ~ o ࡩ carries, conveys moyøshimásu ྡࡀẴࢅതࡊࡱࡌ haku-… prefix Ⓣ white; hakuchō n ࣀࢠࢲࣘࢗ࣬Ⓣ㫵 swan; feels nauseated/queasy hakimásu, haku v ᒓࡀࡱࡌ, ᒓࡂ háku-i n Ⓣ⾨ white coat: ~ no wears (on feet or legs), puts/slips tenshi Ⓣ⾨ࡡኮ౐ nurse, angel



(not to literally mean, “angel in white”); haku-jin n Ⓣெ Caucasian; hakú-mai n Ⓣ⡷ polished rice; haku-shi n Ⓣ⣤ blank sheet sweeps of paper: ~ ni modoshimásu Ⓣ hakimono n ᒓ∸ footwear ⣤࡞ᡘࡊࡱࡌ withdraws, takes hakka n ࣀࢴ࢜ peppermint back; haku-sho n Ⓣ᭡ white paper hakkā n ࣀࢴ࣭࢜ hacker, hack …-haku suffix …ἡ, …-paku …ἡ (computer) hak-kái, hachi-kái n ඳᅂ eight times (counts nights of lodging) hakken n Ⓠず discovery hakuai n ༡យ humanitarianism: hakketsu-byō n Ⓣ⾉⑋ leukemia ~-shugi ༡យ୹⩇ philanthropy 69 on (shoes, socks, pants)



hakimásu, háku v ྡࡀࡱࡌ, ྡࡂ 1. vomits 2. spits out hakimásu, háku v ᤪࡀࡱࡌ, ᤪࡂ



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hakubútsu-kan



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



hakubútsu-kan n ༡∸㤃 museum hame(ra)remásu, hame(ra)reru v ࡢࡴ hakuchūmu n Ⓣ᫠ከ daydreaming: ࡼ ࡿࡱࡌ, ࡢࡴࡼ ࡿࡾ can ~ o mimásu Ⓣ᫠ከࢅずࡱࡌ is wear (on fingers, hands) hametsu n ◒⁓ ruin spaced out hakugai n ㏍ᐐ persecution: ~ o hamidashimásu, hamidasu v ࡢࡲฝ ukemásu ㏍ᐐࢅུࡄࡱࡌ suffers ࡊࡱࡌ, ࡢࡲฝࡌ protrudes, runs



from persecution



off the edge, sticks out, goes over há-mono n ร∸ cutlery, knives hámu n ࣀ࣑ ham: ~-éggu ࣀ࣑࢙ ࢴࢡ ham and eggs; ~-sándo ࣀ poor reason hákujō n Ⓣ≟ confession ࣑ࢦࣤࢺ ham sandwich hakujō (na) adj ⷟᝗࡝ [BOOKISH] hán n ༖ half (= hanbún ༖ฦ): han-… ༖ … half a …; …-hán unfeeling, heartless, cruel: ~ hito ⷟᝗࡝ெ heartless person … ༖ and a half hakurai (no) adj ⯟ᮮࡡ imported; hán n ึ a “chop” = a seal (to hakurai-hin n ⯟ᮮဗ imported goods stamp name) (= hankó ึࡆ) hakurán-kai n ༡ぬఌ exhibition, hana n 㰧 nose; trunk (of eleexposition phant); hana-ji n 㰧⾉ nosebleed: hakuryoku n ㏍ງ punch, power: hana-mizú n 㰧Ề snivel, nasal ~ ga arimásu ㏍ງ࠿࠵ࡽࡱࡌ is mucus: ~ ga demásu 㰧Ề࠿ฝࡱ ࡌ has a runny nose powerful hakusái n ࣀࢠࢦ࢕࣬Ⓣ⳧ hana n ࡢ࡝ nasal mucus, snivel Chinese cabbage (= hana-mizú 㰧Ề): ~ o kamimásu ࡢ࡝ࢅ࠾ࡲࡱࡌ blows hakushi n ༡ኃ doctor (Ph.D.) (= hakase ༡ኃ): ~-katei ༡ኃㄚ one’s nose ⛤ doctoral course haná n ⰴ flower; flower arrangehákushu n ᢷᡥ clapping ment; hana-mí n ⰴず cherry hamá n ὶ beach: ~-be ὶ㎮ beach, blossom viewing: ~ o shimásu ⰴずࢅࡊࡱࡌ goes to see the seashore hamachi n ࣀ࣏ࢲ࣬㨮 young cherry blossom; haná-tába n ⰴᮨ yellowtail bouquet; hana-wa n ⰴ㍧ wreath (of flower); haná-ya n ⰴᒁ flohamáguri n ࣀ࣏ࢡࣛ࣬⺶ clam hamé n ࡢࡴ plight, fix (one gets into) rist, flower shop hamemásu, hameru v ࡢࡴࡱࡌ, ࡢ hána n ࡢ࡝࣬❻ beginning, outࡴࡾ wears (on fingers, hands set; edge hána-bi n ⰴℾ fireworks: ~-taikai (ring, gloves, etc.)) 70 hakujaku (na) adj ⷟ᘽ࡝ weak, tenuous: ishi-~ ណᚷ⷟ᘽ weak will: ~ na konkyo ⷟ᘽ࡝᰷ᣈ



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hangyaku



ⰴℾኬఌ big exhibition of fire-



colorful, showy, gorgeous, gloriworks ous, bright haná-fuda n ⰴᮈ (the game of) haná-yome n ⰴᎋ bride hanbā´gā n ࣀࣤࣁ࣭࣭࢝ a hamflower cards hanágata n ⰴᙟ a star (in a theatri- burger cal production): ~-senshu ⰴᙟ㐽 hanbai n ㈅኉ sale; hanbái-ki n ㈅኉ ᡥ star player ᶭ vending machine; hanbái-daka hanahada adv ࡢ࡝ࡢࡓ extremely n ㈅኉㧏 sales volume; hanbai-in haná-michi n ⰴ㐠 the runway to n ㈅኉ဤ salesperson; hanbai-nin n ㈅኉ெ seller, dealer; hanbái-ten n the stage (in Kabuki) hana-múko n ⰴ፯ bridegroom ㈅኉ᗉ sales outlet; hanbai-sokushin hanao n 㰧⥬ thong (on geta) n ㈅኉ಀ㐅 sales promotion (= hanaremásu, hanaréru v 㞫ࡿࡱࡌ, hansoku ㈅ಀ); hanbai-kakaku n ㈅ 㞫ࡿࡾ separates, becomes dis኉౮᰹ selling price hanbei (no) adj ཬ⡷ࡡ antitant, leaves hanasemásu, hanaséru v ヨࡎࡱࡌ, American ヨࡎࡾ can speak hanbún n ༖ฦ half hanashí n ヨ talk, story, tale, hándán n ึ᩷ judgment speech, conversation; something handō n ཬິ reaction, repercusto talk about: ~ o shimásu ヨࢅࡊ sion; handō-teki (na) adj ཬິⓏ ࡱࡌ talks, speaks ࡝ reactionary; handō-shugisha n hanashi-ái n ヨࡊྙ࠷ conference, ཬິ୹⩇⩽ reactionary handobággu, handobákku n ࣀࣤࢺ discussion, negotiation hanashi-aimásu, hanashi-áu v ヨࡊྙ ࣁࢴࢡ, ࣀࣤࢺࣁࢴࢠ handbag, ࠷ࡱࡌ, ヨࡊྙ࠹ talk together, pocketbook handoru n ࣀࣤࢺࣜ steering wheel; discuss, confer, negotiate hanashi-ka n ᄆᐓ (a comic) handle storyteller (= rakugo-ka ⴘㄊᐓ) hane n ⩒ feather hanashimásu, hanásu v ヨࡊࡱࡌ, ヨ hane n ⩒᰷ wing; shuttlecock ࡌ speaks, talks hanei n ཬ᫆ reflection hanashimásu, hanásu v ᨲࡊࡱࡌ, hanei n ⦶ᰜ prosperity ᨲࡌ release, lets loose, lets go, hanemásu, hanéru v ㊬ࡠࡱࡌ, ㊬ࡠ sets free ࡾ jumps, splashes hanashimásu, hanásu v 㞫ࡊࡱࡌ, hanga n ∟⏤ woodblock print 㞫ࡌ separates (something) from, hángā n ࣀ࣭ࣤ࢝ hanger parts with; detaches, disconnects hangaku n ༖㢘 half price hanáyaka (na) adj ⳱ࡷ࠾࡝ hangyaku n ཬ㏣ rebellion; han71



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hanhan



gyákú-sha n ཬ㏣⩽ rebel hanhan n ༖ࠍ half-and-half hán’i n ⠂ᅑ scope, range, limits: (… no) ~-gai/-nai …ࡡ ⠂ᅑ አහ beyond/within the limits



(of …) hanigo n ཬណㄊ antonym hanikamimásu, hanikámu v ࡢ࡞࠾ࡲ ࡱࡌ, ࡢ࡞࠾ࡳ acts shy, is bashful: hanikami-ya ࡢ࡞࠾ࡲᒁ shy hánji n ึ஥ judge hánjō n ⦶┊ prosperity: shøbai-~ ၛ኉⦶┊ flourishing business,



hankyōran n ༖≤஗ frantic, partial insanity: ~ ni narimásu ༖≤஗࡞ ࡝ࡽࡱࡌ becomes frantic hankyū n ༖ఆ half day off: ~ o torimásu ༖ఆࢅཱིࡽࡱࡌ takes a



half day off hankyū n ༖⌣ hemisphere hánmā n ࣀ࣏࣭ࣤ hammer hanmei n ึ᪺ coming-out hanmen n ཬ㟻 on the other hand: ~-kyøshi ཬ㟻ᩅᖅ person who



serves as an example of how not to be hanmen (no) adj ༖㟻ࡡ halfboom of business hánkachi n ࣀࣤ࢜ࢲ handkerchief faced hankagai n ⦶⳱⾜ downtown han-nichí n ༖᪝ half a day, a halfarea, shopping and amusement day hannichi (no) adj ཬ᪝ࡡ antidistricts hankan n ཬវ antipathy: ~ o kai- Japanese másu ཬវࢅ㈑࠷ࡱࡌ provokes hánnin n ≚ெ a criminal, culprit hannō n ཬᚺ reaction, response one’s antipathy hankei n ༖ᙼ radius hanpa n ༖❻ half: ~-mono ༖❻ hanketsu n ึỬ judgment: ~ o ∸ oddments → chūto ~ (na) ୯㏭ kudashimásu ึỬࢅୖࡊࡱࡌ



༖❻࡝



hanpatsu n ཬⓆ 1. repelling 2. adjudges, gives sentence hankó n ࡢࢆࡆ࣬ึᏄ a “chop” repulsion 3. resistance (= hankø (signature seal, name stamp) (= ཬᢘ) han ึ, in ༰, inkan ༰㚯) hanpén n ࣀࣤ࣋ࣤ࣬ࡢࢆ࡭ࢆ hankō n ཬᢘ opposition, resistance: boiled fish cake … ni ~ shimásu …࡞ཬᢘࡊࡱࡌ hanran n ཬ஗ revolt: ~ o okosu ཬ opposes, resists (= hanpatsu ཬⓆ) ஗ࢅ㉫ࡆࡌ revolts, rebels hankō n ≚⾔ crime, perpetration: hanran n ệ⃻ overflowing ~-genba ≚⾔⌟ሔ scene of a hanrei n ฉౚ explanatory notes crime: ~-seimei ≚⾔ኇ᪺ crimi- (on how to use a reference work) hanryo n ఔ౵ companion: shøgai nal declaration hankyō n ཬ㡢 echo: ~-on ཬ㡢㡚 no ~ ⏍ᾥࡡఔ౵ spouse (literally, acoustic echo “lifetime companion”) 72



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hánsa (na) adj ↱⍚࡝ trouble-



some, complicated



haradatashíi



hanzai n ≚⨝ crime: ~ o okashimásu ≚⨝ࢅ≚ࡊࡱࡌ commits



hansei n ཬ┤ reflection, thinking- a crime hanzatsu (na) adj ↱㞟࡝ troubleover hansen (no) adj ཬᡋࡡ antiwar: some, complicated ~-katsudø ཬᡋὩິ antiwar hanzubon n ༖ࢫ࣍ࣤ short-pants haori n ⩒⧂ traditional Japanese activity hansha n ཬᑏ reflection coat hánshi n ༖⣤ rice paper (stationery) hap- n ඳ࣬8 eight; hap-pén n ඳ㐚 han-shimásu (-súru) v ཬࡊࡱࡌࡌ eight times (= hachí-kai ඳᅂ, ࡾ is contrary (to), goes against, hachí-do ඳᗐ); háp-pa, hachí-wa n ඳ⩒ eight (birds, rabbits); hap-pikí opposes: … ni hánshite …࡞ཬ ࡊ࡙ contrary to, against, in n ඳ༆ eight (fishes/bugs, small contrast with animals); háp-pon, hachi-hon n ඳᮇ hanshō (no) n ༖↕ࡡ partial loss eight (pencils/bottles, long objects); by fire (= han’yake (no) ༖↕ࡄ háp-pun n ඳฦ eight minutes ࡡ ) happa n ⴝࡖࡤ leaf (= ha ⴝ) hanshū n ༖࿔ semicircle happi n Ἢ⿍ happi coat hansoku n ཬ์ (sports) foul play hap-pyakú n ඳⓊ࣬800 eight hansoku n ㈅ಀ sales promotion: hundred ~-tsüru ㈅ಀࢵ࣭ࣜ sales promo- happyō n Ⓠ⾪ announcement, tion tool (= hanbai-sokushin ㈅ publication; (research) paper ኉ಀ㐅) hā´pu n ࣀ࣭ࣈ harp (Western) hantai n ཬᑊ opposite, contrary, hará n ⭙ 1. belly, stomach: ~ reverse (= gyaku ㏣): ~-gawa ཬ ga herimásu ⭙࠿΅ࡽࡱࡌ gets ᑊഁ opposite side; ~-go ཬᑊㄊ hungry; ~ ga itamimásu ⭙࠿⑚ࡲ antonym; ~ ni ཬᑊ࡞ vice versa ࡱࡌ one’s stomach aches 2. hantén n ༖⧫ happi coat (= happi mind, heart: ~ ga tachimásu ⭙࠿ ࡢࡖࡧ࣬Ἢ⿍) ❟ࡔࡱࡌ, ~ o tatemásu ⭙ࢅ❟࡙ hantō n ༖ᓞ, …-hántø …༖ᓞ ࡱࡌ gets angry; ~ ga futói ⭙࠿ ኯ࠷ is big-hearted; ~ ga kurói peninsula: Izu-hántø ௿㇃༖ᓞ ⭙࠿㯦࠷ black-hearted; … no Izu Peninsula han-toshí n ༖ᖳ half a year hará o yomimásu …ࡡ⭙ࢅㄖࡲ han-tsukí n ༖᭮ half a month ࡱࡌ reads the mind of … han’yake (no) adj ༖↕ࡄࡡ 1. hára, hárappa n ཋ, ཋࡖࡤ field medium-rare (meat), half-done haradatashíi adj ⭙❟ࡒࡊ࠷ aggra2. partial loss by fire vating, vexatious



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haraemásu, haraéru



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



haraemásu, haraéru v ᡮ࠻ࡱࡌ, ᡮ࠻ harimásu, haru v ᘿࡽࡱࡌ, ᘿࡾ ࡾ 1. can pay 2. can brush aside, spreads/stretches it háru n ᫋ spring (season); harucan shake out yásumi n ᫋ఆࡲ spring break/ harahara adv ࡢࡼࡢࡼ heart goes pit-a-pat: ~ shimásu ࡢࡼࡢࡼࡊ vacation ࡱࡌ gets anxious, is scared; ~ harubaru adv ࡢࡾࡣࡾ all the way sasemásu ࡢࡼࡢࡼࡈࡎࡱࡌ háruka (ni) adv 㐮࠾࡞ far (off); scares long ago; by far; háruka na adj 㐮 haraimásu, haráu v ᡮ࠷ࡱࡌ, ᡮ࠹ ࠾࡝ distant, far 1. pays 2. brushes aside, shakes haru-maki n ᫋ᕬ Chinese egg rolls,



out harai-modoshi n ᡮ࠷ᡘࡊ a refund harai-modoshimásu, harai-modósu v ᡮ࠷ᡘࡊࡱࡌ, ᡮ࠷ᡘࡌ refunds hará-maki n ⭙ᕬࡀ stomach band haremásu, hareru v ⭐ࡿࡱࡌ, ⭐ࡿ ࡾ swells up haremásu, hareru v ㈖ࡿࡱࡌ, ㈖ࡿ ࡾ can paste haremásu, hareru v ᘿࡿࡱࡌ; ᘿࡿ ࡾ can spread/stretch it haremásu, haréru v ᬍࡿࡱࡌ, ᬍࡿ ࡾ (weather) clears up: hárete imásu ᬍࡿ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ is clear/



spring rolls hasamarimásu, hasamáru v ᣫࡱࡽࡱ ࡌ, ᣫࡱࡾ gets caught (in)



between, becomes sandwiched (in) between hasamemásu, hasaméru v ᣫࡴࡱࡌ, ᣫࡴࡾ can insert (put between) hasamí n ࡢࡈࡲ࣬㗉 scissors, clippers hasamí n ࡢࡈࡲ࣬⼮ pincer(s), claw (of crab) hasamimásu, hasámu v ᣫࡲࡱࡌ, ᣫࡳ inserts, puts between: háshi de ~ ⟺࡚ᣫࡲࡱࡌ picks it up fair/sunny with chopsticks hare-mono n ⭐ࡿ∸ swelling, boil hasan n ◒⏐ bankruptcy hashi n ❻ edge, end; hashi-kko n (on skin) haretsu n ◒⿛ bursting: ~ ❻ࡖࡆ edge, end shimásu ◒⿛ࡊࡱࡌ bursts hashí n ᶣ bridge hári n 㔢 needle, pin; needlework; háshi n ⟺ chopsticks: ~ o tsukaimásu ⟺ࢅ౐࠷ࡱࡌ uses chophand (of clock); a staple (of sticks; hashí-óki n ⟺⨠ࡀ chopstapler); hari-gane n 㔢㔘 wire; stick rest hari-shígoto n 㔢௘஥ needlework hashigo n ᲋Ꮔ ladder, stairs: (of all types) hári n 㘸 acupuncture ~-zake ࡢࡊࡇ㒿 bar hopping; harimásu, haru v ㈖ࡽࡱࡌ, ㈖ࡾ ~-dan ᲋Ꮔṹ wooden stairs hashika n ࡢࡊ࠾ measles sticks on, pastes 74



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hashira n ᰍ pillar, post: ikka no ~ ୌᐓࡡᰍ pillar of the family hashiremásu, hashiréru v ㉦ࡿࡱࡌ, ㉦ࡿࡾ can run hashirimásu, hashíru v ㉦ࡽࡱࡌ, ㉦ࡾ runs hashitanai adj ࡢࡊࡒ࡝࠷ in bad taste, shameful: ~-kuchi ࡢࡊࡒ ࡝࠷ཾ vulgar language hason n ◒᥾ damage hassan n Ⓠᩋ emanation, transpiration: sutoresu ~ ࢪࢹࣝࢪⓆᩋ



hatsuiku



hátachi n ஦༎ṋ 20 years old hatake n ⏷ field (dry): ~ o tagayashimásu ⏷ࢅ⪌ࡊࡱࡌ cultivates



one’s patch hatakimásu, hatáku v ࡢࡒࡀࡱࡌ, ࡢࡒࡂ slaps, beats; dusts (= tatakimásu ྄ࡀࡱࡌ) hatan n ◒⥚ bankruptcy, failure,



collapse hatarakemásu, hatarakeru v ഼ࡄࡱࡌ, ഼ࡄࡾ can work hataraki n ഼ࡀ work(ing), activity,



stress release



operation, function; achievement; ability hatarakimásu, hataraku v ഼ࡀࡱࡌ, (books, magazines) hassei n Ⓠ⏍ outbreak, occurrence, ഼ࡂ works, labors; commits (a origin, birth, growth crime) has-sén n ඳ༐࣬8,000 eight thousand hataraki-mono n ഼ࡀ⩽ hard hassha n Ⓠ㌬ departure worker hasshin n Ⓠ㐅 (vehicle etc.) hatasemásu, hataséru v ᯕࡒࡎࡱࡌ, ᯕࡒࡎࡾ can accomplish starts: kuruma o ~ sasemásu ㌬ ࢅⓆ㐅ࡈࡎࡱࡌ moves the car hatashimásu, hatásu v ᯕࡒࡊࡱࡌ, hasshin n Ⓠಘ transmission: ᯕࡒࡌ accomplishes: yakusoku ~ shimásu Ⓠಘࡊࡱࡌ sends, o ~ ⣑ᮨࢅᯕࡒࡊࡱࡌ fulfills a transmits promise hasshin n Ⓠ⑀ (skin) rash háto n ࣀࢹ࣬㫸 pigeon, dove hasu n ࣀࢪ࣬ⶀ lotus: ~ no hana hato-ba n ἴḾሔ pier, wharf, quay ࣀࢪࡡⰴ lotus bloom (= futø ᇢ㢄) hasu (no) n ᩫࡡ oblique, slant- hatsu (no) adj ิࡡ first ing: ~ ni ᩫ࡞࣬ࡢࡌ࡞ obliquely hatsuan n Ⓠ᱄ design idea hatsubai n Ⓠ኉ sale, release; (= naname (ni) ᩫ࡞ ) hata n ❻ 1. the side: (… no) ~ de hatsubai-bi n Ⓠ኉᪝ sale date, release date …ࡡ ❻࡚ off to the side (of) 2. the outside; ~ kara ❻࠾ࡼ hatsudén-ki n Ⓠ㞹ᶭ generator from the outside, to an outsider hatsudō´-ki n Ⓠິᶭ motor hatá n ᪕ flag hatsuiku n Ⓠ⫩ growth: ~ ga yoi/ii hatá n ᶭ loom Ⓠ⫩࠿Ⰳ࠷࠷࠷ is well grown 75 hás-satsu n ඳ෇ eight copies



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hatsuka



hatsuka n ஦༎᪝ 20 days; 20th of hayashí n ᄮࡊ o-hayashi ࠽ᄮࡊ the month: ~-mé ஦༎᪝┘ the Japanese instrument accompani-



20th day hatsukoi n ิᜂ first love hatsumei n Ⓠ᪺ invention hatsuon n Ⓠ㡚 pronunciation hattatsu n Ⓠ㐡 development hatte imásu (iru) v ᘿࡖ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ ࠷ࡾ is tense, taut hátte imásu (iru) v ㏲ࡖ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ ࠷ࡾ is crawling hatten n Ⓠᒈ development, expansion, growth; hatten-tojō´koku n Ⓠ ᒈ㏭୕ᅗ developing nation hát-tō n ඳ㢄 eight (horses/oxen,



ment hayashimásu, hayásu v ⏍ࡷࡊࡱࡌ, ⏍ࡷࡌ grows it (hair, teeth); lets



it grow (sprout) hayashimásu, hayásu v ᄮࡊࡱࡌ, ᄮࡌ (musically) accompanies ᄮࡌ (musically) accompanies háze n ࣀࢭ࣬ἃ㨮 goby (fish) hazenoki n ࣀࢭࢿ᷸࢞࣬ࡡᮄ࣬ 㯜᷸ sumac, Japanese wax tree



(plant) … hazu désu v …ࡢࡍ࡚ࡌ presum-



ably; ought to, should … hazu ga/wa arimasén (nái) v … ࡢ large animals) hatto (shite) adv ࡢࡖ࡛ࡊ࡙ ࡍ࠿ࡢ࠵ࡽࡱࡎࢆ࡝࠷ there with a sudden start (of surprise) is no reason to expect/think that … Háwai n ࣀ࣠࢕ Hawaii hazukashíi adj ᜕ࡍ࠾ࡊ࠷ ashamed; hayái adj ㏷࠷ fast, quick embarrassed, shy; shameful, dishayái adj ᪡࠷ early, soon graceful háyaku adv ㏷ࡂ(so as to be) fast hazumi ᙆࡲ n impetus, momenháyaku adv ᪡ࡂ(so as to be) tum; impulse; chance early, soon: ~-tomo ᪡ࡂ࡛ࡵ at hazumimásu, hazumu v ᙆࡲࡱࡌ, ᙆࡳ bounces (back) the earliest hayamé ni adv ᪡ࡴ࡞ early (in hazuremásu, hazureru v አࡿࡱࡌ, አࡿࡾ gets disconnected, comes good time) hayarimásu, hayáru v Ὦ⾔ࡽࡱࡌ, off; misses, fails Ὦ⾔ࡾ gets popular, comes hazushimásu, hazusu v አࡊࡱࡌ, አࡌ disconnects, takes off, into fashion, spreads; (disease) spreads rapidly, is fast-spreading undoes, unfastens; misses: séki o hayari (no) adj Ὦ⾔ࡽࡡ fashion- ~ ᖆࢅአࡊࡱࡌ leaves one’s seat able, popular hé n ᑼ flatulence, fart: ~ o hirimásu/ shimásu ᑼࢅࡥࡽࡱࡌࡊࡱࡌ háyasa n ㏷ࡈ speed hayashi ráisu n ࣀࣕࢨࣚ࢕ࢪ beef flatulates, farts hē interj ࡫࠻ oh, really, wow hash over rice hayashí n ᯐ grove hébi n ࣉࣄ࣬⺤ snake 76



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hekomimásu, hekomu



hechima n ࣉࢲ࣏࣬⣊⎡ sponge



average life span (lifetime); gourd, luffa (loofah) ~-ten ᖲᆍⅤ average score hedatarimásu, hedatáru v 㝰ࡒࡽࡱࡌ, heiki (na) adj ᖲẴ࡝ calm, 㝰ࡒࡾ is distant, is estranged composed, cool, unperturbed, hedatemásu, hedatéru v 㝰࡙ࡱࡌ, unfazed: ~ de ᖲẴ࡚ calmly 㝰࡙ࡾ estranges them, separates heikō n ᖲ⾔ parallel, parallelism: ~-sen o tadorimásu ᖲ⾔⥲ࢅࡒ them, gets them apart heddoráito n ࣉࢴࢺࣚ࢕ࢹ head࡜ࡽࡱࡌ fails to reach an agreelight(s) ment, remains as far apart as ever hédo n ཬྡ vomit heikō-shimásu (suru) v 㛚ཾࡊࡱࡌ hei n ሚ wall, fence ࡌࡾ is annoyed, is overhei n ඹ soldier (= heishi ඹኃ); whelmed, gets stuck hei-eki n ඹᙲ military service: ~ heimen n ᖲ㟻 flat surface: ~-zu ni tsukimásu ඹᙲ࡞ࡗࡀࡱࡌ ᖲ㟻ᅒ two-dimensional diagram serves in the army; hei-ki n ඹჹ heimin n ᖲẰ common person: ~-kaikyü ᖲẰ㝭⣥ common weapon, arms; hei-ryoku n ඹງ military force; héi-sha n ඹ⯃ people heisa n 㛚㙈 closing: køjø-~ ᕝሔ barracks; hei-shi n ඹኃ soldier 㛚㙈 factory closure (= hei ඹ); hei-tai n ඹ㝪 soldier heiten n 㛚ᗉ closing a store (boy), rank heibon (na) adj ᖲฉ࡝ common- heiwa n ᖲ࿰ peace; ~ ni narimásu ᖲ࿰࡞࡝ࡽࡱࡌ becomes peace; place, conventional, ordinary heichi n ᖲᆀ flat land; (= heiya ~ na kuni ᖲ࿰࡝ᅗ peaceful ᖲ㔕) plain nation; haiwa na adj ᖲ࿰࡝ heijitsu n ᖲ᪝ weekday peaceful heijō (ni) adv ᖲᖏ࡞ usually, heiya n ᖲ㔕 plain (flat land) heizen (to) adv ᖲ↓࡛ without ordinarily, generally heijō-shin n one’s senses/mind: ~ o embarrassment: ~ to shiteimásu tamochimásu ᖲᖏᚨࢅಕࡔࡱࡌ ᖲ↓࡛ࡊ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ remains unkeeps one’s cool/calm ruffled heika n 㝆ୖ majesty, Your hekichi n ൠᆀ remote area (= henpi na tochi ㎮ࡧ࡝ᅰᆀ) Majesty. heikai n 㛚ఌ closing a meeting: hekieki-shimásu (suru) v ㎚᪾ࡊࡱࡌ ~-shiki 㛚ఌᘟ closing ceremony ࡌࡾ is disgusted heikin n ᖲᆍ average, on the hekiga n ባ⏤ wall painting hekomimásu, hekomu v ࡫ࡆࡲࡱࡌ, average: ~ nenrei ᖲᆍᖳ௦ ࡫ࡆࡳ gets hollow, depressed, average age; ~ jumyø ᖲᆍᑋ࿤ 77



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héma



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



dents: ~ imásu ࡫ࡆࢆ࡚࠷ࡱࡌ hekichi ൠᆀ) is dented, depressed henryū´-ki n ንὮჹ converter héma n ࡫ࡱ [INFORMAL] bungle, (AC-DC) mess, goof: ~ (o) shimásu ࡫ࡱ hensei n ⥽ᠺ organization henshin n ㏁ಘ reply, return mail ࢅ ࡊࡱࡌ goofs up hemásu, héru v ⤊ࡱࡌ, ⤊ࡾ passes henshin n ን㌗ transformation henshū n ⥽㞗 editing; henshū-chō (by), elapses … hen suffix …㎮ vicinity, nearby, n ⥽㞗㛏 editor in chief; henshūneighborhood (= chikaku ㎾ࡂ) sha n ⥽㞗⩽ editor …-hén suffix …㐚 (counts times) hensoku-rébā n ን㏷ࣝࣁ࣭ gear(= do ᗐ, kai ᅂ) shift hen’átsu-ki n ንᅸჹ voltage con- hentō n ㏁➽ [BOOKISH] = henjí ㏁஥ verter, transformer henjí n ㏁஥ answer, reply, reherashimásu, herasu v ΅ࡼࡊࡱࡌ, sponse: ~ (o) shimásu ㏁஥ࢅ ΅ࡼࡌ decreases it, cuts it down, ࡊࡱࡌ answers, replies, responds shortens, lessens, curtails hénka n ን໩ change: … ni ~ heri n ΅ࡽ a decrease shimásu …࡞ን໩ࡊࡱࡌ it herí n ⦍ border, edge, rim herikoputā n ࣉࣛࢤࣈࢰ࣭ changes into … henkaku n ን㠁 innovative helicopter herikudarimásu, herikudaru v ࡫ࡽࡂ changes henkan n ንᥦ conversion: ~-ki ን ࡓࡽࡱࡌ, ࡫ࡽࡂࡓࡾ is modᥦჹ converter; ~-kíi ንᥦ࣭࢞ est, abases oneself: herikudatta the kana-to-kanji conversion key taido ࡫ࡽࡂࡓࡖࡒឺᗐ modest attitude (on a Japanese computer) henkan n ㏁㑇 return: Hoppø herikutsu n ᑼ⌦ᑿ sophistry, ryødo ~ ໪᪁㡷ᅰ㏁㑇 return of quiddity (using clever arguments Russian-held northern territories to support something that is not henken n ೩ず prejudice true): ~ o iimásu ᑼ⌦ᑿࢅゕ࠷ࡱ henkin n ㏁㔘 refund ([note] tax ࡌ quibbles herimásu, heru v ΅ࡽࡱࡌ, ΅ࡾ refund = kanpu 㑇௛) hén (na) adj ን࡝ strange, odd, decreases, dwindles, goes down peculiar, funny, queer heripōto n ࡫࣭ࣛ࣎ࢹ heliport henpi (na) adj ㎮ࡧ࡝ odd, off heroin n ࣉࣞ࢕ࣤ heroin the beaten path: ~ na tochi ㎮ࡧ herumetto n ࣉ࣒ࣜࢴࢹ helmet ࡝ᅰᆀ odd parts, places that herunia n ࣉࣜࢼ࢓ hernia hérupā n ࣉࣜࣂ࣭ helper were off the beaten track (= 78



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JAPANESE–ENGLISH



hidari



hérupesu n ࣉࣜ࣋ࢪ herpes hérupu n ࣉࣜࣈ help: ~-kinø ࣉࣜ ࣈᶭ⬗ (computer) help function heso n ࡫ࡐ navel, bellybutton hesokuri n ࡫ࡐࡂࡽ࣬ࣉࢮࢠࣛ



sunniness; hi-gása n ᪝ഘ parasol (umbrella); hi-gure n ᪝ᬵࡿ sunset (time); the dark; hi-kage n ᪝㝔 shadow (from sunlight); hi-nata n ᪝࡝ࡒ sunshine: ~-bókko ᪝࡝ࡒ ࡯ࡖࡆ sunbathing, basking (in pin money tucked away, pin the sun); hi-no-de n ᪝ࡡฝ sunrise; money hidden away: ~ ga arimásu ࣉࢮࢠࣛ࠿࠵ࡽࡱࡌ has hi-no-iri n ᪝ࡡථࡽ sunset; hi-yake some pin money tucked away n ᪝↕ࡄ sunburn; hi-yoke n ᪝ࡻ hetá (na) adj ୖᡥ࡝ ; unskillful, ࡄ sunshade, blind, awning; hi-yori inept, clumsy, poor, bad, inexpert: n ᪝࿰ weather (conditions); hi-yorimi n ᪝࿰ず waiting policy: ~ o suru to ࡫ࡒࢅࡌࡾ࡛ if you are unlucky, if you are not care- ~-seisaku ᪝࿰ずᨳ➿ wait-andful: ~ no yokozuki ୖᡥࡡᶋይࡀ see policy hí n ℾ fire; hí-bachi n ℾ㖂 hibachi, dabster, likes to but not very charcoal brazier: ~ ni atarimásu good at hetakuso (na) adj ୖᡥࡂࡐ࡝ → ℾ㖂࡞ᙔࡒࡽࡱࡌ warm oneself hetá (na) ୖᡥ࡝ at a hibachi/charcoal brazier; híhetarikomimásu, hetarikomu v ࡫ࡒࡽ bana n ℾⰴ spark; hí-bashi n ℾ⟺ ㎰ࡲࡱࡌ, ࡫ࡒࡽ㎰ࡳ collapses, tongs (for fire) sinks down: jimen ni ~ ᆀ㟻࡞࡫ …´-hi suffix …㈕ expense ࡒࡽ㎰ࡲࡱࡌ slumps on the ground hibí n ࡥࡦ crack (fine): ~ ga dekihetoheto adj ࡫࡛࡫࡛ is dead, is másu ࡥࡦ࠿࡚ࡀࡱࡌ crazes beaten: ~ ni tsukaremásu ࡫࡛࡫ hibikí 㡢ࡀ n echo ࡛࡞␺ࡿࡱࡌ is fagged out, is hibikimásu, hibíku v 㡢ࡀࡱࡌ, 㡢ࡂ dead tired echoes, resounds heyá n 㒂ᒁ room Hibiya n ᪝Ẓㆺ Hibiya: Hibiyahi n ᪝ day; hí-bi n ᪝ࠍ every day: Kø´en ᪝Ẓㆺපᅧ Hibiya Park ~ no seikatsu ᪝ࠍࡡ⏍Ὡ daily hibō n ㄞㅣ [BOOKISH] slander; life; hí-goto (ni) adv ᪝Ẏ࡞ day hibō-chūshō ㄞㅣ୯ഭ mental abuse by day; hi-nichi n ᪝࡞ࡔ (fixed) hichíriki n ࡥࡔࡽࡀ an oboe-like day; number of days; hi-zuke n ᪝ reed instrument (in gagaku) ௛ date (of month) hidari n ᕞ left: ~-dónari ᕞ㝼ࡽ hi n ᪝ (ohi-sama ࠽᪝ᵕ) sun (= next (door) on the left; ~-kiki/giki (no) ᕞฺࡀࡡ left-handed taiyø ኯ㝟): ~ no hikari ᪝ࡡක sunshine (= níkkø ᪝ක); hi-atarí (person); ~-máwari (ni) ᕞᅂࡽ ࡞ counterclockwise n ᪝ᙔࡒࡽ exposure to the sun, 79



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hidari-gawa



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



hidari-gawa n ᕞഁ left side hidói adj ࡥ࡜࠷ severe, terrible,



elbows: ~-kake isu ⫕᤻ࡄ᳌Ꮔ armchair hijō n 㟸ᖏ emergency: ~-burë´ki unreasonable, vicious, bitter, awful: ~-kao ࡥ࡜࠷㢞 face like 㟸ᖏࣇ࣭ࣝ࢞ emergency brake; ~-guchi 㟸ᖏཾ emergency exit; a dropped pie hídoku adv ࡥ࡜ࡂ hard, cruelly, ~ no ba(w)ai 㟸ᖏࡡሔྙ in (the) terribly: ~ obiemásu ࡥ࡜ࡂ⬛ event of emergency; hijō na adj >ᛴ࠻@ࡱࡌ has one’s heart in 㟸ᖏ࡝ unusual, extreme; hijō ni one’s mouth adv 㟸ᖏ࡞ extremely hiemásu, hiéru v ෫࠻ࡱࡌ, ෫࠻ࡾ hikaemásu, hikaeru v ᥅࠻ࡱࡌ, ᥅ ࠻ࡾ refrains, withholds gets cold hífu n ⓮⭭ skin hikaemé (na) adj ᥅࠻┘࡝ higái n ⿍ᐐ damage, injury, casu- modest alty: ~-chi ⿍ᐐᆀ stricken area; hikaku n Ẓ㍉ comparison; hikakuteki (ni) adv Ẓ㍉Ⓩ࡞ relatively, ~-sha ⿍ᐐ⩽ victim (= gaisha ラ⩽) comparatively higashí n ᮶ east: ~-guchi ᮶ཾ the hikan n ᝊび pessimism; hikan-teki east exit/entrance; ~-yori (no kaze) (na) adj ᝊびⓏ࡝ pessimistic ᮶ᐞࡽࡡ㢴 easterly (wind); hikaremásu, hikareru v ᘤ࠾ࡿࡱࡌ, ~-káigan ᮶ᾇᓃ east coast ᘤ࠾ࡿࡾ gets pulled (out), gets hige n ࡥࡅ࣬㧠 beard; mustache drawn/dragged/tugged/subtracted hikaremásu, hikareru v ㎒࠾ࡿࡱࡌ, (= kuchí-hige ཾࡥࡅ); ~ o sorimásu ࡥࡅࢅ้ࡽࡱࡌ shaves ㎒࠾ࡿࡾ gets run over: torákku hige n ࡥࡅ࣬ࣃࢣ whiskers ni ~ ࢹࣚࢴࢠ࡞㎒࠾ࡿࡱࡌ gets hígeki n ᝊ๸ tragedy run over by a truck híhan n ᢀึ judgment, criticism; hikaremásu, hikareru v ᣺࠾ࡿࡱࡌ, hihán-sha n ᢀึ⩽ critic, judge; ᣺࠾ࡿࡾ gets sawed híhan-teki (na) adj ᢀึⓏ࡝ hikaremásu, hikareru v ᙆ࠾ࡿࡱࡌ, ᙆ࠾ࡿࡾ gets played critical hihyō n ᢀビ criticism, review; hikaremásu, hikareru v ࡥ࠾ࡿࡱࡌ, hihyō-ka n ᢀビᐓ critic, reviewer ࡥ࠾ࡿࡾ gets ground híiki n ࡥ࠷ࡀ illegitimate favor, hikaremásu, hikareru v ᝽࠾ࡿࡱࡌ, patronage: ~ shimásu ࡥ࠷ࡀࡊ ᝽࠾ࡿࡾ get attracted (to) ࡱࡌ shows preference/partiality hikaremásu, hikareru v කࡿࡱࡌ, híitā n ࣃ࣭ࢰ࣭ heater කࡿࡾ can glow/shine hijí n ⫕ elbow: ~ o harimásu ⫕ hikari-kēburu n කࢢ࣭ࣇࣜ optical ࢅᘿࡽࡱࡌ bends out one’s cable (Internet) 80



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JAPANESE–ENGLISH



hikarimásu, hikáru v කࡽࡱࡌ, කࡾ



it shines, glows



hiki-wakemásu, hiki-wakeru



㏁ࡊࡱࡌ, ᘤࡀ㏁ࡌ turns back,



returns



hikemásu, hikeru v ᘤࡄࡱࡌ, ᘤࡄࡾ hikimásu, hiku v ᘤࡀࡱࡌ, ᘤࡂ



can pull



pulls (out); draws; drags, tugs; catches; attracts; deducts; looks up a word (in dictionary) hikimásu, hiku v ㎒ࡀࡱࡌ, ㎒ࡂ runs over (a person) hikimásu, hiku v ᣺ࡀࡱࡌ, ᣺ࡂ animals, fish, insects (bugs)) hiki-age n ᘤࡀ୕ࡅ refloating; saws hikimásu, hiku v ᙆࡀࡱࡌ, ᙆࡂ rise/hike (in price, wage, fee) hiki-age n ᘤࡀᥥࡅ evacuation, plays (a stringed instrument) hikimásu, hiku v ᣺ࡀࡱࡌ, ᣺ࡂ repatriation; salvage hiki-agemásu, hiki-agéru v ᘤࡀ୕ࡅ grinds (into powder) ࡱࡌ, ᘤࡀ୕ࡅࡾ pulls up; hikimásu, hiku v ㏝ࡀࡱࡌ, ㏝ࡂ refloats; raises (price, wage, fee) retires hiki-agemásu, hiki-agéru v ᘤࡀᥥ hikinige n ࡥࡀ>㎒ࡀ@㏠ࡅ hit and ࡅࡱࡌ, ᘤࡀᥥࡅࡾ withdraws, run leaves; evacuates, gets repatriated hiki-torimásu, hiki-tóru ᘤࡀཱིࡽࡱࡌ, hikiagé-sha n ᘤࡀ ᥥࡅ⩽ evacu- ᘤࡀཱིࡾ 1. leaves, withdraws, ee, repatriate retires 2. takes over, looks after, hikidashi n ᘤࡀฝࡊ drawer receives 3. íki o ~ ᜝ࢅᘤࡀཱིࡽ hikidashimásu, hikidasu v ᘤࡀฝࡊ ࡱࡌ takes/draws one’s last ࡱࡌ, ᘤࡀฝࡌ pulls/draws out; breath, dies hiki-tsugimásu, hiki-tsúgu v ᘤࡀ⤽ withdraws hiki-fune n ᘤࡀ᭝ࡀ ⯢>⯒@ ࡁࡱࡌ, ᘤࡀ⤽ࡃ takes over, tugboat succeeds (in a projection) hikigane n ᘤࡀ㔘 trigger hiki-ukemásu, hiki-ukéru v ᘤࡀུ hiki-haraimásu, hiki-haráu v ᘤࡀᡮ࠷ ࡄࡱࡌ, ᘤࡀུࡄࡾ undertakes, ࡱࡌ, ᘤࡀᡮ࠹ checks out (of takes charge of, takes responhotel) sibility for; guarantees: tegata o hikiimásu, hikiíru v ⋙࠷ࡱࡌ, ⋙࠷ ~ ᡥᙟࢅᘤࡀུࡄࡱࡌ accepts a ࡾ leads, commands bill (of payment) hiki-kaemásu, hiki-káéru v ᘤࡀᥦ࠻ hiki-wakemásu, hiki-wakeru ᘤࡀฦࡄ ࡱࡌ, ᘤࡀᥦ࠻ࡾ exchanges, ࡱࡌ, ᘤࡀฦࡄࡾ v draws apart; converts plays to a draw: hikiwake n ᘤ hiki-kaeshimásu, hiki-káésu v ᘤࡀ ࡀฦࡄ tie, draw 81 hiketsu n ⛆グ [BOOKISH] secret, formula: seikø é no ~ ᠺຉ࡫ࡡ⛆ グ key to success …-hiki (-ppiki) …༆ (counts small



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JAPANESE–ENGLISH



hiki-zan



hiki-zan n ᘤࡀ⟤ subtraction hiki-zurimásu, hiki-zuru v ᘤࡀࡍࡽࡱ ࡌ, ᘤࡀࡍࡾ drags hik-kakimásu, hik-káku v ᘤࡖᥑࡀࡱ ࡌ, ᘤࡖᥑࡂ scratches it hikki n ➱エ writing down; hikki-tai n ➱エమ running hand, script; hikki-yōgu n ➱エ⏕ර writing



híme n ጭ (ohíme-sama ࠽ ጭᵕ



princess himei n ᝊ㫾 a scream: ~ o agemásu ᝊ㫾ࢅ୕ࡅࡱࡌ screams



out himitsu (no) adj ⛆ᐠࡡ secret,



mystery himo n ࡥࡵ string, cord, tape,



instrument



strap, ribbon



hikkoshi ᘤࡖ㉲ࡊ n moving (house); hikkoshi-ya n ᘤࡖ㉲ࡊᒁ (house) mover; hikkoshi-torákku n ᘤࡖ㉲ࡊࢹࣚࢴࢠ mover’s van hikkoshimásu, hikkósu v ᘤࡖ㉲ࡊࡱ ࡌ, ᘤࡖ㉲ࡌ moves (house) hikkuri-kaerimásu, hikkuri-káeru v ᘤ ࡖࡂࡽ㏁ࡽࡱࡌ, ᘤࡖࡂࡽ㏁ࡾ it



hin n ဗ elegance, refinement, dignity: ~ ga arimásu ဗ࠿࠵ࡽ ࡱࡌ has class hinagata n ࡥ࡝ᙟ form; pattern;



shape hina-mátsuri n ࡥ࡝⚅ࡽ the Dolls



Festival (3 March)



hínan n 㟸㞬 blame, reproach hínan n 㑂㞬 taking refuge; hinántips (over); it upsets sha n 㑂㞬⩽ refugee hikkuri-kaeshimásu, hikkuri-káesu v ᘤࡖࡂࡽ㏁ࡊࡱࡌ, ᘤࡖࡂࡽ㏁ࡌ hina-níngyō n ࡥ࡝ெᙟ (festival)



upsets (overturns) it



dolls



hikō n 㣍⾔ flying (a plane); hikō-jō n 㣍⾔ሔ airport (= kükø ✭῿); hikō´-ki n 㣍⾔ᶭ airplane: ~ ni norimásu 㣍⾔ᶭ࡞஋ࡽࡱࡌ gets on a plane; hikō-yoi n 㣍⾔㓁࠷



hinerimásu, hinéru v ᤤࡽࡱࡌ, ᤤࡾ



twists; turns hiniku n ⓮⫏ sarcasm: ~ o iimásu ⓮⫏ࢅゕ࠷ࡱࡌ makes sarcastic remarks; hiniku na adj ⓮⫏࡝



airsick(ness)



sarcastic, cynical



hi-kō´shiki (no) adj 㟸පᘟࡡ unofficial, informal: ~ kaigi 㟸ප ᘟࡡఌ㆗ informal conference hikúi adj ఩࠷ low, short hikyō´ (na) adj ༚ᛴ࡝ cowardly hima n ᬜ time; leisure, spare time; leave; dismissal (of servant): ~-tsubushi ᬜࡗࡩࡊ killing time; hima na adj ᬜ࡝ at leisure, unoccu-



hinin n 㑂ዲ contraception; hinín-gu n 㑂ዲර contraceptive (device); hinín-yaku n 㑂ዲⷾ contraceptive



drug/pill hinkon n ㈃ᅏ poverty; hinkon na adj ㈃ᅏ࡝ needy hinmín-kutsu/-gai n ㈃Ằ❅⾜ slum hinoki butai n ᷋⯑ྋ stage of



pied, not busy; slow (business)



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a major (first-class, leading) theater



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JAPANESE–ENGLISH



hinshi n ဗペ part of speech hinshi n ℔Ṓ moribundity, near



hírō



hirataku adv ᖲࡒࡂ flat: ~ iu to/ ieba ᖲࡒࡂゕ࠹࡛ゕ࠻ࡣ put



death



simply



hinshitsu n ဗ㈹ quality: ~ o hoshø- hire n ࣃࣝ࣬㪽 fin shimásu ဗ㈹ࢅಕチࡊࡱࡌ hire n ࣃࣝ fillet (of pork, etc.) hirefushimásu, hirefusu v ࡥࡿఄࡊ guarantees the quality hinshuku-o-kaimásu (kau) v ࡥࢆࡊࡸ ࡱࡌ, ࡥࡿఄࡌ grovels, falls on ࡂࢅ㈑࠷ࡱࡌ㈑࠹ invites one’s face hirei n Ẓౚ proportion frowns of disgust, is frowned hirimásu, híru v ࡥࡽࡱࡌ, ࡥࡾ upon hínto n ࣃࣤࢹ hint, reminder discharges (excretes) from the hipparimásu, hippáru v ᘤࡖᘿࡽࡱ body: hé o ~ ᑼࢅࡥࡽࡱࡌ ࡌ, ᘤࡖᘿࡾ pulls, drags, tugs flatulates, farts híró-bá n ᗀሔ a square, a place, (at), takes, brings hira-ayamari n ᖲㅨࡽ humble (public) an open space apology: ~ ni ayamarimásu ᖲㅨ hiroemásu, hiroeru v ᣘ࠻ࡱࡌ, ᣘ࠻ ࡽ࡞ㅨࡽࡱࡌ makes a humble ࡾ can pick it up hirogarimásu, hirogaru v ᗀ࠿ࡽࡱࡌ, apology hirágáná n ࡥࡼ࠿࡝࣬ᖲ௫ྞ ᗀ࠿ࡾ it spreads, widens hiragana (the roundish Japanese hirogemásu, hirogeru v ᗀࡅࡱࡌ, ᗀ ࡅࡾ spreads/widens it letters) hiraki 㛜ࡀ n open and dried fish: hirói adj ᗀ࠷ wide, broad; big sanma no ~ ࢦ࣏ࣤࡡ㛜ࡀ open (room, etc.) hiroimásu, hirou v ᣘ࠷ࡱࡌ, ᣘ࠹ and dried saury hirakí-do n 㛜ࡀᡖ hinged door picks it up hirakimásu, hiráku v 㛜ࡀࡱࡌ, 㛜ࡂ hiroku adv ᗀࡂ wide, widely hiromarimásu, hiromáru v ᗀࡱࡽࡱࡌ, opens up; has/holds (a party) hirame n ࣃ࣒ࣚ࣬ᖲ┘ flounder ᗀࡱࡾ it spreads, gets diffused hiramekimásu, hirameku v ࡥࡼࡴ hiromemásu, hiroméru v ᗀࡴࡱࡌ, ࡀࡱࡌ, ࡥࡼࡴࡂ comes to one ᗀࡴࡾ spreads/diffuses it hírosa n ᗀࡈ width in a flash hiraoyogi n ᖲὃࡁ breast-stroke Hiroshima n ᗀᓞ Hiroshima hira (shain) n ᖲ♣ဤ rank-and- hírō n ᢠ㟚 presentation; hirō´-en file employee n ᢠ㟚ᐑ reception, wedding hiratai adj ᖲࡒ࠷ flat (= tiara na banquet (engagement, wedding, ᖲࡼ࡝): ~-hana ᖲࡒ࠷㰧 flat etc.); hirō´-kai n ᢠ㟚ఌ reception



nose



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hirú



hirú n ᫠ daytime, noon: ~ kara ᫠࠾ࡼ after noon; ~ no bú ᫠ࡡ 㒂 matinee; hiru-góhan n ᫠ࡇ㣜 noon meal, lunch (= hirumeshi ᫠㣜); hiru-má n ᫠㛣 daytime; hiru-ne n ᫠ᐱ nap; hiru-súgí n ᫠ 㐛ࡁ afternoon híru n ࣃࣜ࣬⺼ leech hisashi-buri (ni) adv ஁ࡊࡩࡽ࡞



after a long time (of absence) hishaku n ᯮᮠ scoop, ladle hishó n ⛆᭡ secretary (private) hi´ssha n ➱⩽ the writer/author (= chosha ⴥ⩽ hisúi n ࣃࢪ࢕࣬⩤⩣ jade hitai n 㢘 forehead, brow hitashi-mono n ᾈࡊ∸ (o-hitáshi ࠽ ᾈࡊ boiled vegetables (usually



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



breath: ~ de ୌ᜝࡚ with a gulp: ~ iremásu/tsukimásu ୌ᜝ථࡿ ࡱࡌࡗࡀࡱࡌ catches one’s breath; hitó-kátamari n ࡥ࡛ᅖࡱࡽ ࣬ୌም one lump/loaf; hitó-kire n ୌวࡿ (one) piece (a cut); hitókoto n ୌゕ a word: ~ de iuto ୌ ゕ࡚ゕ࠹࡛ put simply; hitó-kuchi n ୌཾ one mouthful; one bite; one drink, sip: ~ ni iuto ୌཾ࡞ ゕ࠹࡛ in a word; hitó-kumi n ୌ ⤄ a set (collection); hitó-maki n ୌᕬࡀ one (roll, bolt of cloth); hitó-mori n ୌ┊ࡽ scoop (one scoopful); hitó-nemuri n ୌ┸ࡽ a nap; hitó-oyogi n ࡥ࡛ὃࡁ a swim; hitó-ri n ୌெ one person; (~ de ࡥ࡛ࡽ࡚࣬≺ࡽ࡚) alone; ~-mónó ≺ࡽ⩽ single (unmarried) person; hitó-saji n ୌ໬ one spoonful; hito-shibai n ୌⰢᑽ playing a trick, acting; hito-shigoto n ୌ௘஥ bout of work; hito-suji n ୌ➵ shaft; ~-nawa dewa ikimasen ୌ➵⦎࡚ ࡢ࠷ࡀࡱࡎࢆ is not an easy job; hitó-tsu n ࡥ࡛ࡗ࣬ୌࡗ one (= ík-ko ୌ಴ : one year old (= ís-sai ୌṋ); one and the same; hitó-yama n ୌᒜ one heap/bunch hitómazu (wa) adv ࡥ࡛ࡱࡍࡢ



greens) served cold with seasoning hitchaku n ᚪ╌ must-reach: nigatsu muika ~ 2᭮6᪝ᚪ╌ due NLT (not later than) February 6 hitei n ྫྷᏽ denial hito n ெ, … hitó …ெ person, man, fellow, people; someone, somebody; hitó-bito n ெࠍ people (in general); hito-gara n ெᯮ character, personality; hito-góroshi n ெṽࡊ murder; hitó-tachi n ெ㐡 people for a while; for the time being hito-… prefix ୌ… one, a; hitohitori-de ni adv ࡥ࡛ࡽ࡚࡞ spontaneously, automatically, ánshin n ࡥ࡛Ꮽᚨ a relief (from worry) → anshín Ꮽᚨ; hitó-ban n by/of itself ୌᬄ one night; hito-gomi n ࡥ࡛ hitori-goto n ≺ࡽゕ talking to ࡇࡲ࣬ெ㎰ࡲ crowd; hitó-hako n oneself: ~ o iimásu ≺ࡽゕࢅゕ࠷ ୌ⟵ one boxful; hitó-iki n ୌ᜝ a ࡱࡌ says to oneself 84



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(… ) hodo



hitosashiyubi n ெᕣࡊᣞ forefinger, hizume n ㋗ hoof index finger hó n ᕲ sail hitoshíi adj ➴ࡊ࠷ equal, identical, hō interj ࡮࠽㸴 oh? hō n Ἢ law (= høritsu Ἢᚂ); rule; similar hitsugi n ᳄ coffin method hitsuji n ࣃࢵࢩ࣬⨲ sheep hō n ࡮࠽࣬㢃 cheek (= hoho ࡮ hitsujuhin n ᚪ㞺ဗ necessity: ࡮࣬㢃, hoppéta ࡮ࡖ࡭ࡒ) seikatsu-~ ⏍Ὡᚪ㞺ဗ daily … hō´ n …᪁ alternative, the one necessities, commodities (of two) that …: ~ ga íi desu … hitsuyō n ᚪこ necessity, need: ᪁࠿࠷࠷࡚ࡌ … is better … suru ~ ga arimásu ࡌࡾᚪ hōbi n 「⨶ (go-hø´bi ࡇ「⨶ こ࠿࠵ࡽࡱࡌ needs to…: … ga [HONORIFIC]) prize, reward ~ desu ࠿ᚪこ࡚ࡌ needs…; hóbo adj ࡮࡯ nearly; roughly hitsuyō na ᚪこ࡝ adj necessary, hō´bō n, adv ᪁ࠍ everywhere, all



essential hitteki n ༆ᩓ comparison híttó n ࣃࢴࢹ a hit (baseball); híttó-kyoku n ࣃࢴࢹ᭜ hit song híya n ෫ࡷ cold water hiya-múgi n ෫ࡷ㯇࣬ࡥࡷࡳࡁ



chilled wheat-flour noodles (cf. sø´men ࡐ࠹ࡴࢆ) hiyashimásu, hiyásu v ෫ࡷࡊࡱࡌ, ෫ࡷࡌ cools it off, refrigerates, chills: atama o ~ 㢄ࢅ෫ࡷࡊࡱ ࡌ cools one’s head hiya-yákko n ෫ࡷࡷࡖࡆ cooled



bean curd híyō n ㈕⏕ cost, expense: ~ ga kakarimásu ㈕⏕࠿࠾࠾ࡽࡱࡌ



costs



over, every which way hōchi n ᨲ⨠ neglect: ~-jitensha ᨲ⨠⮤㌷㌬ illegally-parked



bicycle hóchikisu n ࣌ࢲ࢞ࢪ stapler hochō n Ṅㄢ pace: ~ o awasemásu Ṅㄢࢅྙࢂࡎࡱࡌ keeps step hōchō n ໜ୍ knife (big); butcher



knife; cleaver hochōki n ⿭⫀ჹ hearing aids: ~ o tsukemásu ⿭⫀ჹࢅࡗࡄࡱࡌ



wears a hearing aid hōdan n ◑ᙆ bombshell …-hōdai suffix ᨲ㢗 can…as much as: tabe-~ 㣏࡬ᨲ㢗 all-you-caneat: nomi-~ 㣟ࡲᨲ㢗 all-youcan-drink: shitai-~ ࡊࡒ࠷ᨲ㢗



hiyowa adj ࡥᘽ weak: ~ na kodoes whatever one feel like doing domo ࡥᘽ࡝Ꮔ౩ frail child hiza n ⭰ knee, lap hōden n ᨲ㞹 electric(al) discharge hizamazukimásu, hizamazuku v ࡥࡉ (… ) hodo suffix … ⛤࣬࡮࡜ ࡱࡍࡀࡱࡌ, ࡥࡉࡱࡍࡂ falls on extent; limits; moderation; ap-



one’s knees, kneels down



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hodō



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



as), (not) so much as; the more hogei n ᤍ㪊 whaling … the more hōgén n ᪁ゕ dialect hodō n Ṅ㐠 walk(way), pavement, hógo n ಕ㆜ protection; hogo-sha n ಕ㆜⩽ guardian sidewalk: ~-kyø Ṅ㐠ᶣ hoguremásu, hoguréru v ゆࡿࡱࡌ, crossover bridge hōdō n ሒ㐠 news report ゆࡿࡾ it loosens hodokemásu, hodokéru v ゆࡄࡱࡌ, hoho n ࡮࡮࣬㢃 cheek (= hø ࡮࠽ ゆࡄࡾ comes loose, comes un࣬㢃, hoppéta ࡮ࡖ࡭ࡒ) hōhō n ᪁Ἢ method, process done hodokimásu, hodóku v ゆࡀࡱࡌ, hohoemashii adj ᚜➏ࡱࡊ࠷ heartゆࡂ undoes, unties warming, pleasant hodokóshi v ᪃ࡊ charity: ~ o uke- hohoemí n ᚜➏ࡲ smile másu ᪃ࡊࢅུࡄࡱࡌ accepts hohoemimásu, hohoému v ᚜➏ࡲࡱ ࡌ, ᚜➏ࡳ smiles charity hoemásu, hoéru v ྩ࠻ࡱࡌ, ྩ࠻ࡾ hoikú-en n ಕ⫩ᅧ nursery school, (dog) barks pre-kindergarten hoeraremásu, hoeraréru v ྩ࠻ࡼ hōji n Ἢ஥ mass (Buddhist), Budࡿࡱࡌ, ྩ࠻ࡼࡿࡾ can bark; dhist memorial service: ~ o okonaimásu Ἢ஥ࢅ⾔࠷ࡱࡌ holds is barked hō´fu (na) adj ㇇ᐣ࡝ rich: ~ na a Buddhist service (for the dead) keiken ㇇ᐣ࡝⤊㥺 abundant hōjin n Ἢெ corporation; hōjin-zei experience n Ἢெ⛧ corporation tax hō´gai (na) adj Ἢአ࡝ exorbitant, hójo n ⿭ຐ help, assistance; hojoinordinate, excessive, unreason- kin n ⿭ຐ㔘 grant: ~-seido ⿭ຐ able, steep: ~ na kingaku/nedan 㔘โᗐ bounty system Ἢአ࡝㔘㢘ೋṹ unreasonable hoka n ࡮࠾࣬አ࣬௙ other, in price addition to, other than (= ta ௙): hōgaku n ᪁ぽ direction, one’s ~ no ௙ࡡ other, another hoken n ಕ㝜 insurance: … ni ~ o bearings hōgaku n 㑝ᴞ Japanese music kakemásu …࡞ಕ㝜ࢅ࠾ࡄࡱࡌ hō´gaku (-bu) n ἪᏕ㒂 (science/ insures; kenkō-hoken n ೸ᗛಕ㝜 study of) law; School of Law health insurance hōgan n ໜྱ inclusion, compre- hoken n ಕ೸ healthcare, preserhension vation of health: sekai-~-kikø hōgan n ◑୷ cannonball ୠ⏲ಕ೸ᶭ㛭 World Health hógaraka (na) adj ᭹ࡼ࠾࡝ Organization hōken n ᑌᘋ feudal(ism): ~-jídai bright, sunny; cheerful 86



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hōmushikku



ᑌᘋ᫤௥ feudal period hoketsu n ⿭Ḗ substitute, alternate: ~-sha-meibo ⿭Ḗ⩽ྞ⡑



no… ໪ࡡ…); Hoku-Bei n ໪⡷ = Kita-Ámerika ໪࢓࣒ࣛ࢜ North America; hóku-bu n ໪㒂 the north, waiting list the northern part; hóku-i n ໪⦃ hō´ki n ᨲᲘ abandonment north latitude; Hoku-ō n ໪Ḛ hō´ki n ⟠ broom: ~ de hakimásu Northern Europe; hoku-sei n ໪け ⟠࡚ᤪࡀࡱࡌ sweeps with a northwest; hoku-tō n ໪᮶ northbroom; hōkí-boshi n ⟠᫅ comet east; hoku-yō n ໪Ὂ northern sea Hokkáidō n ໪ᾇ㐠 Hokkaido hokuro n 㯦Ꮔ mole (on skin) hókkē n ࣌ࢴࢢ࣭ hockey hokosoemimásu, hokusoemu v ࡮ࡂ hókku n ࣌ࢴࢠ hook (snap): ~ de ࡐ➏ࡲࡱࡌ, ࡮ࡂࡐ➏ࡳ tomemásu ࣌ࢴࢠ࡚࡛ࡴࡱࡌ chuckles, snickers to oneself hokyō n ⿭ᙁ reinforcement, hooks up Hokkyoku n ໪ᴗ North Pole, corroboration Arctic; Hokkyoku-guma n ࣌ࢴ࢞ࣘ hokyū n ⿭⤝ supply hōkyū n ಥ⤝ pay, wages, salary ࢠࢡ࣏࣬໪ᴗࢡ࣏ polar bear, white bear (= shiro-kuma Ⓣ↻); homé n 「ࡴ praise: ~ ni azukariHokkyoku-sei n ໪ᴗ᫅ North Star masu ࠽「ࡴ࡞࠵ࡍ࠾ࡽࡱࡌ is hōkō n ᪁ྡྷ direction praised [HONORIFIC] hōkoku n ሒ࿈ report; hōkoku-sho n home-kótoba n 「ࡴゕⴝ compliሒ࿈᭡ report, statement ment, word of praise hokora n ♾ small shrine homemásu, homéru v 「ࡴࡱࡌ, 「 hokorashii adj ヺࡼࡊ࠷ is proud ࡴࡾ praises, admires hokoremásu, hokoréru v ヺࡿࡱࡌ, hōmén n ᪁㟻, …-hø´men …᪁㟻 ヺࡿࡾ can brag direction, quarter, district hokori n ᇐ dust (in the air): ~ o hómo (no) adj ࣓࣌ࡡ homoharaimásu ᇐࢅᡮ࠷ࡱࡌ brushes sexual, gay hōmon n ゴၡ visit, call on dust off hokorí ヺࡽ n pride, boast homosapiensu n ࣓࣌ࢦࣅ࢙ࣤࢪ hokorimásu, hokóru v ヺࡽࡱࡌ, ヺ Homo sapiens ࡾ brags about/of hō´mu n ࣭࣑࣌ 1. platform (at hokōsha n Ṅ⾔⩽ pedestrian: station) 2. home ~-tengoku Ṅ⾔⩽ኮᅗ areas of hōmu-dórama n ࣭࣑࣌ࢺ࣏ࣚ soap



streets temporarily closed to vehicular traffic, pedestrian mall hoku-… prefix ໪… north (= kita



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opera hōmuresu n ࣭࣑࣌ࣝࢪ homeless hōmushikku n ࣭࣑࣌ࢨࢴࢠ homesick: ~ ni narimásu/kakarimásu



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Hōmu-shō



࣭࣑࣌ࢨࢴࢠ࡞࡝ࡽࡱࡌ࠾࠾ࡽ (counts long objects) ࡱࡌ gets homesick hónbun n ᮇฦ one’s duty Hōmu-shō n Ἢຸ┤ Ministry of honé n 㦭 bone: ~ o orimásu 㦭ࢅ ᢙࡽࡱࡌ takes (great) pains, Justice hōmu-sutei n ࣭࣑࣌ࢪࢷ࢕ home goes to much trouble; hone-gúmi stay n 㦭⤄ࡲ framework; hone-órí hón n ᮇ book; hón-bako n ᮇ⟵ n 㦭ᢙࡽ(o-honeori ࠽㦭ᢙࡽ bookcase; hón-dana n ᮇᲬ book- [HONORIFIC] effort hongoshi-o-iremásu (ireru) v ᮇ⭔ࢅථ shelf; hón-ya n ᮇᒁ bookshop hon-… prefix ᮇ… main; chief; ࡿࡱࡌ ථࡿࡾ gets down to this; the; the present; real; hon-ba seriously honki (no/de) adj, adv ᮇẴࡡ࡚ n ᮇሔ original place, area of production, real thing: ~ no nihon serious(ly), (in) earnest: … o ~ ryøri ᮇሔࡡ᪝ᮇᩩ⌦ authentic ni shimásu …ࢅᮇẴ࡞ࡊࡱࡌ Japanese food; hon-ban n ᮇ␊ takes it seriously real part, real thing; hón-bu n ᮇ Hónkón n ࣌ࣤࢤࣤ࣬㤮῿ Hong 㒂 central office, headquarters (= Kong hón-sha ᮇ♣); hon-dai n ᮇ㢗 honmei n ᮇ࿤ the favorite honmō n ᮇ᭻ (one’s) heart’s main issue; hon-dō n ᮇ㐠 the main route; hon-mono n ᮇ∸ the desire, one’s long-cherished real thing: ~ no aji ᮇ∸ࡡ࿝ desire: ~ o togemásu ᮇ᭻ࢅ㐑ࡅ authentic flavor: ~ no daiyamondo ࡱࡌ realizes one’s heart’s desire ᮇ∸ࡡࢱ࢕࣓ࣕࣤࢺ real diahonno … adj ࡮ࢆࡡ …just a (litmond; hon-ne n ᮇ㡚 true (inner) tle), only a, a mere/slight … ~ sukoshi/chotto ࡮ࢆࡡᑛࡊࡔࡺ feeling, real intention (= honshin ᮇᚨ); hon-nin n ᮇெ (the ࡖ࡛ … just a little; just a minute person) himself/herself/myself, honō´ n ⅎ flame principal; hón-rai n ᮇᮮ originally, honomekashí n ்ࡴ࠾ࡊ a hint honomekashimásu, honomekásu v ் from the start; hon-ron n ᮇㄵ ࡴ࠾ࡊࡱࡌ, ்ࡴ࠾ࡌ hints main discussion, main issue: ~ ni hairimásu ᮇㄵ࡞ථࡽࡱࡌ get Honóruru n ࣌ࢿࣜࣜ Honolulu down to business; hón-seki n ᮇ hon-ryō n ᮇ㡷 one’s element/ ⡘ permanent residence; hon-shin sphere: ~ o hakki shimásu ᮇ㡷 ࢅⓆᥱࡊࡱࡌ show oneself at n ᮇᚨ true (inner) feeling, real intention; hon-ten n ᮇᗉ head one’s best Hónshū n ᮇᕗ Honshü office, main store …´-hon (...´-pon, ...´-bon) suffix …ᮇ hontō (no), honto (no) adj ᮇᙔࡡ ,



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hoshimásu, hósu



࡮ࢆ࡛ࡡ true, real, genuine: ~ no koto ᮇᙔࡡ஥ truth; ~ ni ᮇᙔ࡞ really, truly, indeed,



horimásu, hóru v ᤸࡽࡱࡌ, ᤸࡾ



digs, carves; excavates horimásu, hóru v ᙦࡽࡱࡌ, ᙦࡾ



absolutely



carves



hon’yaku n ⩳ズ translation; hon’yáku´-sha(ka) ⩳ズ⩽ᐓ



horí-mónó n ᙦ∸ a carving, tattoo hōritsu n Ἢᚂ law (legal system); hōritsu-ka n Ἢᚂᐓ jurist translator hoppéta n ࡮ࡖ࡭ࡒ cheek (= hø, hōrō n ᨲᾁ wandering hoho ࡮࠽࣬࡮࡮࣬㢃) horobimásu, horobíru v ⁓ࡦࡱࡌ, ⁓ hoppō n ໪᪁ the north ࡦࡾ perishes hóra n ࣌ࣚ࣬Ἢ⼲ 1. trumpet-shell horoboshimásu, horobósu v ⁓࡯ࡊ (= horá-gai Ἢ⼲ㇽ 2. exaggera- ࡱࡌ, ⁓࡯ࡌ destroys tion, bragging, bull (= uso Ⴭ): hōrókú n ↆⅱ earthenware pan ~ o fukimásu ࡮ࡼࢅྻࡀࡱࡌ hórun n ࣌ࣜࣤ horn (music) hōsaku n ᪁➿ measures, policy brags, talks big hóra interj ࡮ࡼ! Look!, Here!, hōsaku n ㇇ష abundant/rich



There!, You see!



harvest



horā n ࣭࣌ࣚ horror; horā-eiga n ࣭࣌ࣚ᫆⏤ horror movie/film hora-ana n ὕ✨ cave horá-gai n Ἢ⼲ㇽ trumpet-shell hōrei n Ἢ௦ law, act horemásu, horeru v ᝦࡿࡱࡌ, ᝦࡿ ࡾ falls in love, loses one’s heart to : … ni hore(komi)másu …࡞ ᝦࡿ㎰ࡲ ࡱࡌ falls in love



hōseki n ᐀▴ jewel, gem; hōsekishō n ᐀▴ၛ jeweler, gem dealer hosemásu, hoséru v ᖱࡎࡱࡌ, ᖱࡎ ࡾ can dry it hōshanō n ᨲᑏ⬗ radioactivity hōshasen n ᨲᑏ⥲ (nuclear)



bargain, a real find, lucky find:



desires, wants, would like, wishes



radiation



hoshi n ᫅ star; hoshi-jírushi n ᫅༰ star (symbol), asterisk (*); hoshiuranai n ᫅༥࠷ astrology (with) horemásu, horéru ᤸࡿࡱࡌ, ᤸࡿࡾ hōshi n ዅ௘ service; hōshi-katsudō can dig n ዅ௘Ὡິ voluntary service, hōrénsō n ࣌ࢗࣝࣤࢮࢗ࣬࡮࠹ࡿ voluntary activity ࢆⲙ spinach hōshi n ⬂Ꮔ spore(s) horí n ᤸ ditch, moat; hori-wari n hoshigarimásu, hoshigáru v ḟࡊ࠿ࡽ ࡱࡌ, ḟࡊ࠿ࡾ wants it ᤸࡽ ๪ࡽ canal horidashi-mono n ᤸࡽฝࡊ∸ a hoshíi v ḟࡊ࠷ is desired/desirable; ~ o sagashimásu ᤸࡽฝࡊ∸ࢅ᥀ hoshimásu, hósu v ᖱࡊࡱࡌ, ᖱࡌ ࡊࡱࡌ searches for bargains dries it; airs it



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hōshin



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



hōshin n ᪁㔢 policy, course (of



hosonagái adj ⣵㛏࠷ long and action), aim (direction) slender/narrow hōshin n ␹⑀ (medical) herpes hossa n Ⓠష attack, seizure: hōshin n ᨲᚨ absent-mindedness: shinzø-~ ᚨ⮒Ⓠష heart attack ~ jøtai ᨲᚨ≟ឺ is lost in abstrac- hō´su n ࣭࣌ࢪ hose hósutesu n ࣌ࢪࢷࢪ hostess tion hóshi (ta) adj ᖱࡊࡒ dried; hoshi- hósuto n ࣌ࢪࢹ host mono n ᖱࡊ ∸ drying washed hōtai n ໜᖈ bandage hotaru n ࣌ࢰࣜ࣬⺧ lightning clothes, dried clothes hoshō n ಕチ guarantee, warranty: bug, firefly: ~-no-hikari ① ࣌ࢰ ~´-sho ಕチ᭡ letter of guarantee ࣜࡡක gleam of fireflies ②ࠔ࡮ hoshō n ⿭ർ compensating; ࡒࡾࡡකࠕ“Auld Lang Syne” hoshō´-kin ⿭ർ㔘 compensation hotaté-gai n ࣌ࢰࢷ࢝࢕࣬ᕲ❟ㇽ (money), indemnity scallop(s) hōshoku n 㣤㣏 full feeding: ~ no hōtei n Ἢᘈ law court jidai 㣤㣏ࡡ᫤௥ age of plenty hōteishiki n ᪁⛤ᘟ equation hōshoku n ᐀㣥 jewelry: ~-hin ᐀ hōten n Ἢ඼ code law 㣥ဗ jewelry items hóteru n ࣌ࢷࣜ hotel: ichiryü-~ hóshu n ಕᏬ maintenance, ୌὮ࣌ࢷࣜ first-class hotel hōtō n ᨲⷑ [BOOKISH] debauchery upkeep; hoshu-ha n ಕᏬὬ hotobashiru v ࡮࡛ࡣࡊࡾ gushes: conservative wing; hoshu-teki (na) adj ಕᏬⓏ࡝ conserva~-kanjø ࡮࡛ࡣࡊࡾវ᝗ outpourtive: ~ kangae ಕᏬⓏ࡝⩻࠻ ing of emotion Hotoke(-sámá) n ௕ᵕ Buddha conservative thinking/view hóshu n ᤍᡥ catcher (= budda ௕㜸) hōshū n ሒ㓐 reward hotóndo adv ࡮࡛ࢆ࡜ almost (all), hōshutsu n ᨲฝ emission nearly; almost all the time; [ NEhōsō n ᨲ㏞ broadcasting GATIVE verb] hardly (ever), hōsō n ໜ⿞ packing, wrapping; seldom hōsō´-butsu n ໜ⿞∸ package, hottan n Ⓠ❻ beginning, onset packet; hōsō´-shi n ໜ⿞⣤ package, hotte/hōtte oku v ࡮ࡖ࡙ᨲࡖ࡙࠽ ࡂ leaves alone, lets alone wrapper hosói adj ⣵࠷ slender; narrow; hotto doggu n ࣌ࢴࢹࢺࢴࢡ hot thin dog hōsoku n Ἢ์ rule(s), law(s) hotto kēki n ࣌ࢴࢹࢢ࣭࢞ pancake hosomichi n ⣵㐠 lane, path, nar- hótto (na) adj ࣌ࢴࢹ࡝ hot: ~ wadai ࣌ࢴࢹ࡝ヨ㢗 hot topic row road 90



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hyokkori



hotto purēto n ࣌ࢴࢹࣈ࣭ࣝࢹ



hot plate hotto rain n ࣌ࢴࢹࣚ࢕ࣤ hotline hóttó-shimásu (-suru) v ࡮ࡖ࡛ࡊࡱ ࡌࡌࡾ breathes a sigh of relief hōwa n 㣤࿰ saturation, impregnation; hōwa-jōtai n 㣤࿰≟ឺ



hyōban n ビึ reputation, fame: ~ no ビึࡡ famous, popular: ~ ga warui ビึ࠿ᝇ࠷ have a bad



reputation hyōdai n ⾪㢗࣬ᵾ㢗 title (of book,



article, e-mail…)



hyō´ga n ểἑ glacier: ~-ki ểἑ ᭿ ice age: shüshoku ~-ki ᑯ⫃ saturated state hoyō n ಕ㣬 rest, recuperation: me ểἑ᭿ hard times for collegeno ~ ┘ࡡಕ㣬 feast for the eyes graduate job seekers hu… ࡨ…࣬ࣆ… → fu… hyōgén n ⾪⌟ expression (words) hyakka-jíten n Ⓤ⛁஥඼ encyclohyōgo n ᵾㄊ slogan; motto Hyō´go n ඹᗔ Hyogo pedia hyakká-ten n Ⓤ㈄ᗉ department hyōgu-ya n ⾪රᒁ paper-hanger/store (= depåto ࢸࣂ࣭ࢹ) repairer, picture-framer hyákkanichi n Ⓤ࠾᪝ a memorial hyōhen n ㇦ን sudden change service 100 days after the death hyōhyō to adv ࡥࡺ࠹ࡥࡺ࠹࡛ hyakú n Ⓤ࣬100 hundred; hyakúaloof from the world: ~ shite do n Ⓤᗐ ① a hundred times imásu ࡥࡺ࠹ࡥࡺ࠹࡛ࡊ࡙࠷ࡱ (= hyak-kái Ⓤᅂ) ② a hundred ࡌ is free as the wind hyōjō´ n ⾪᝗ expression (on face): degrees; hyakú-doru n Ⓤࢺࣜ a hundred dollars: ~-satsu Ⓤࢺࣜ ~´ o yawaragemásu ⾪᝗ࢅ࿰ࡼ ᮈ a hundred-dollar bill; hyaku en- ࡅࡱࡌ softens one’s expression dama n Ⓤළ⋚ hundred yen coin; hyōjun n ᵾ‵ standard; hyōjun-go hyaku-mán n Ⓤ୒࣬1,000,000 one n ᵾ‵ㄊ standard Japanese million; hyakú-nen n Ⓤᖳ 100 (language) years; a century (= ~-kan Ⓤᖳ hyō´ka n ビ౮ grade, opinion, 㛣); hyakushō n Ⓤጞ farmer appraisal: hito no ~ o kinishimasen ெࡡビ౮ࢅẴ࡞ࡊࡱࡎࢆ hyappatsu-hyakuchū n ⓊⓆⓊ୯



hitting the mark ten times out of ten



does not worry about what others think of



hyō n ⾪ table, schedule, list hyō´ n ࣃࣘࢗ࣬㇦ leopard hyō´ n ࡥࡺ࠹࣬㞷 hail (= arare ࠵ࡼࡿ࣬㟘) hyō n ⚂ vote: ~ o tøjiru ⚂ࢅᢖࡋ ࡾ votes, casts a vote



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hyōkín (na) adj ࡥࡺ࠹ࡀࢆ࡝



funny, comical hyokkori adv ࡥࡺࡖࡆࡽ accidentally, by chance: ~ arawaremásu ࡥࡺࡖࡆࡽ⌟ࡿࡱࡌ appears



unexpectedly



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hyokohyoko



hyokohyoko adv ࡥࡺࡆࡥࡺࡆ



hyōshō n ⾪ᙪ official commendation: ~-jø ⾪ᙪ≟ certificate of commendation: ~-shiki ⾪ᙪᘟ



lightly



hyōmén n ⾪㟻 surface: ~-chøryoku ⾪㟻ᘿງ surface tension awarding ceremony hyōri n ⾪⿤ two faces: ~-ittai ⾪ hyōtán n ⎥⟰ gourd: ~ kara koma ⿤ୌమ two sides of the same ⎥⟰࠾ࡼ㥎 produces an uncoin: ~-no-aru… ⾪⿤ࡡ࠵ࡾ expected dividend hyōten n ビⅤ evaluation score, two-faced hyōron n ビㄵ criticism, comment grade hyōten n ểⅤ freezing point (ary); hyōron-ka n ビㄵᐓ critic, hyótto-shite adv ࡥࡺࡖ࡛ࡊ࡙ by commentator, reviewer hyōryū n ⁳Ὦ drift any chance, maybe, possibly, hyōshi´ n ⾪⣤ cover (book, maga- could be hyō´zan n ểᒜ iceberg: ~ no ikkazine, etc.) ku ểᒜࡡୌぽ tip of the iceberg hyōshiki n ᵾㆉ sign, mark(er): køtsü-~ ஹ㏳ᵾㆉ traffic sign; hyū´zu n ࣃ࣭ࣖࢫ fuse døro-~ 㐠㊨ᵾㆉ road sign



I i n ⫮ = i-búkuro ⫮⾼ stomach; i-búkuro n ⫮⾼ [BOOKISH] stomach; i-chō n ⫮⭘ [BOOKISH] stomach and intestines; i-gan n ⫮⒬ (medical) stomach cancer; i-káiyō n ⫮₵⑾ (medical) (gastric)



ian n ័Ꮽ consolation, comfort;



recreation ibarimásu, ibáru v ጸᘿࡽࡱࡌ, ጸᘿ ࡾ is/acts arrogant, haughty;



swaggers



ibikí n ࠷ࡦࡀ snoring ibo n ␏ẍ different mother: ulcer i-… prefix ༈… medicine, medi~-kyødai ␏ẍඕᘭ half brother(s): ~-shimai ␏ẍ጗ግ half sister(s) cal, doctoring; í-gaku n ༈Ꮥ medicine, medical science/stud- ibuningu-doresu n ࢕ࣇࢼࣤࢡࢺࣝ ࢪ evening dress ies: igaku-sei ༈Ꮥ⏍ medical ibushimásu, ibusu v ࠷ࡩࡊࡱࡌ, ࠷ student; i-sha n ༈⩽ doctor, ࡩࡌ smokes, fumigates, fumes physician …-i suffix …༈ doctor, (= senibutsu n ␏∸ exogenous material, món-i ᑍ㛓༈) medical specialist foreign body ibutsu n 㐿∸ relics, artifact …-i suffix … న rank, grade



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icha v [INFORMAL] ࠷ࡔࡶ = ité wa ࠷࡙ࡢ ichí n ୌ࣬1 one: ~ ka bachi ka ୌ࠾ඳ࠾ all or nothing; ichí-ban (no) adj ୌ␊ࡡ number one; first; ichí-banme (no) adj ୌ␊┘ࡡ first; ichí-bu n ୌ㒂 a part, portion; a copy (of a book); ichí-byō n ୌ⛂ a second (1/60 minute); ichí-dai n ୌྋ one (machine, vehicle); ichidanraku n ୌṹⴘ one stage; ichi-dó n ୌᗐ one time (= ik-kái ୌᅂ, íp-pen ୌ㐚); ichí-do n ୌᗐ one degree; ichi-en n ୌළ one yen; ichí-go n ୌㄊ one word; ichí-ji n ୌ᫤ ① one o’clock ② ~ (no) ୌ᫤ࡡ at one-time, once, temporary; ichi-jitsú n ୌ᪝ one day; someday (= aru hi ࠵ࡾ᪝, ichi-nichí ୌ᪝); ichí-mai n ୌᯓ a sheet; one sheet (flat things); ichímei n ୌྞ [BOOKISH] one person (= hitóri ୌெ); ichí-nen n ୌᖳ the year 1; one year (= ~-kan ୌᖳ㛣): ~-sei ୌᖳ⏍ first-year student, freshman; ichi-nichí n ୌ᪝ one day; ichí-wa n ୌ⩒ one (bird, rabbit); ichí-wari n ୌ๪ ten percent íchi n న⨠ position, location,



idai (na)



ichidō n ୌྜྷ all (who are con-



cerned/present) Ichi-gatsú n ୌ᭮࣬1 ᭮ January (= Shøgatsú ḿ᭮) ichigo n ࠷ࡔࡇ࣬࢕ࢲࢥ࣬Ᵽ



strawberry ichigo-ichie n ୌ᭿ୌఌ one in a



lifetime ichii n ࠷ࡔ࠷࣬࢕ࢲ࢕ yew ichi-ichi adv ࠷ࡔ࠷ࡔ one by one,



one after another, each time ichí-in n ୌဤ a member ichí-in n ୌᅄ a cause ichíjiku n ࢕ࢲࢩࢠ࣬↋ⰴᯕ fig: ~-no-ki ࠷ࡔࡋࡂࡡᮄ fig tree ichijirushíi adj ⴥࡊ࠷ [BOOKISH]



conspicuous, prominent, remarkable, striking ichiji-teki (na) adj ୌ᫤Ⓩ࡝ temporary ichi-mán n ୌ୒࣬10,000 ten thousand ichi-mi n ୌ࿝ accomplice: tøzokudan no ~ ┈㈣ᅆࡡୌ࿝



member(s) of a robber band ichiō adv ୌᚺ࣬࠷ࡔ࠽࠹ as far



as it goes, to some extent, just in case, tentatively ichi-rei n ୌౚ an example ichiryū (no) adj ୌὮࡡ first-rate, situation íchi(bá) n ᕰሔ market, market- topflight, elite: ~ kashu ୌὮࡡḯ ᡥ superb singer place ichi-ban n ୌ␊ most: ~ íi/warui ୌ ichō n ࢕ࢲࣘࢗ࣬㖗ᮝ gingko ␊࠷࠷ᝇ࠷ best/worst (tree) ichibu-shijū n ୌ㒂ጙ⤂ all the idai (na) adj ೥ኬ࡝ great: ~ details: ~ o katarimásu ୌ㒂ጙ⤂ hito/jinbutsu ೥ኬ࡝ெ∸ great ࢅㄊࡽࡱࡌ tells the whole story person 93



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iden



iden n 㐿ఎ heredity; iden-shi n 㐿ఎᏄ gene ideorogii n ࢕ࢸ࢛࣭ࣞ࢟ ideology í(do) n ஬ᡖ a well ído n ⦃ᗐ latitude ie interj ࠷࠻ (= iie ࠷࠷࠻ no ié n ᐓ a house, a home ie-dé n ᐓฝ running away from home; iede-nin n ᐓฝெ a runaway iemásu, ieru v ゕ࠻ࡱࡌ, ゕ࠻ࡾ can



ing: ~ ga ii ᑽᚨᆀ࠿࠷࠷ feels comfortable while staying iguana n ࢕ࢡ࢓ࢻ iguana igyō n ೥ᴏ great achievement: ~ o nashitogemásu ೥ᴏࢅᠺࡊ㐑 ࡅࡱࡌ accomplishes a great



achievement



ihan n 㐢ཬ violation, offense: køtsü-~ ஹ㏳㐢ཬ traffic violation íi adj ࠷࠷ good; OK, right, corsay/tell rect (= yoi Ⰳ࠷): [NEGATIVE] iemásu, iéru v ⒭࠻ࡱࡌ, ⒭࠻ࡾ heals yóku arimasén Ⰳࡂ࠵ࡽࡱࡎࢆ; Ierō-pēji n ࢕࢙࣭࣭ࣞ࣋ࢩ Yellow [PAST] yókatta desu Ⰳ࠾ࡖࡒ࡚ࡌ; íi-hito n ࠷࠷ெ ① a good person Pages Iesu (Kirisuto) n ࢕࢙ࢪ ࢞ࣛࢪࢹ ② sweetheart, lover ii-arawashimásu, ii-arawásu v ゕ࠷⾪ Jesus Christ íga n ⾨㣱 clothes moth ࢂ ࡊࡱࡌ, ゕ࠷⾪ࢂ ࡌ ígai (na) adj ណአ࡝ unexpected; expresses, puts into words ígai ni adv ណአ࡞ unexpectedly iie interj ࠷࠷࠻ no (…) ígai suffix … ௧አ outside ii-kaemasu, ii-kaéru v ゕ࠷ᥦ࠻ࡱࡌ, ゕ࠷ᥦ࠻ࡾ rephrases, puts/says (of …), except (for) … igen n ጸཚ dignity: ~ o tamochi- it another way másu ጸཚࢅಕࡔࡱࡌ keep one’s ii-kagen adj 1. ࠷࠷ຊ΅ rather, dignity pretty, moderate 2. ~ na ࠷࠷ຊ ígi n ណ⩇ [BOOKISH] significance, ΅࡝ random, perfunctory, sense, meaning: ~ no aru shigoto halfhearted, haphazard ណ⩇ࡡ࠵ࡾ௘஥ meaningful work ii-kata n ゕ࠷᪁ way of saying/ ígi n ␏㆗ [BOOKISH] objection telling/putting it, expression Igirisu n ࢕࢟ࣛࢪ England (= iimásu, iu/yū v ゕ࠷ࡱࡌ, ゕ࠹ࡹ࠹ Eikoku ⱝᅗ ): ~-jin ࢕࢟ࣛࢪெ says, tells; expresses íin n ጟဤ committee member(s); an English person ígo n ᅑ◳ the board game Go iín-kai n ጟဤఌ committee (= gó ◳) ii-tai v ゕ࠷ࡒ࠷ wants to say: ~ ( … ) ígo suffix … ௧ᚃ afterward, kotó ゕ࠷ࡒ࠷ࡆ࡛>஥@ what from … on (= ( … ) ikø … one wants to say; ~ hø´dai ゕ࠷ ௧㜾) ࡒ࠷ᨲ㢗 says whatever one igokochi n ᑽᚨᆀ feeling of stay- wants/feels



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íken



ii-tsukemásu, ii-tsukéru v ゕ࠷௛ࡄࡱ ࠿࡚ࡌ࠾" How’s it going? ࡌ, ゕ࠷௛ࡄࡾ commands, orders; ikagawashíi adj ࠷࠾࠿ࢂࡊ ࠷ suspicious, questionable, tells on, tattles on ii-wake n ゕ࠷ズ explanation, shady: ~ uwasa ࠷࠾࠿ࢂࡊ࠷ფ excuse: ~ o shinaidekudasai. ゕ suspicious rumors ࠷ズࢅࡊ࡝࠷࡚ୖࡈ࠷ Please ika-hodo adj ࠷࠾࡮࡜ how many? don’t give an excuse. (= íkura ࠷ࡂ>ᖼ@ࡼ ; how ...? ijí n ណᆀ temper, disposition: (= dono-gurai (-kurai) ࡜ࡡన) ~-waru ណᆀᝇ ill-tempered, ikan n 㐿᠅ regret ikaremásu, ikareru v ⾔࠾ࡿࡱࡌ, ⾔ mean(-spirited) íji n ⥌ᣚ maintenance, upkeep, ࠾ࡿࡾ 1. can go 2. [PASSIVE]



support



have them go (to one’s distress);



ijí-hi n ⥌ᣚ㈕ upkeep (expense) [HONORIFIC] goes (= irasshaimásu ijime ࠷ࡋࡴ n teasing, torment ࠷ࡼࡖࡊࡶ࠷ࡱࡌ) ijimek-ko n ࠷ࡋࡴࡖᏄ bully ikari n 㘄 anchor ijimemásu, ijimeru v ࠷ࡋࡴࡱࡌ, ࠷ ikarí n ᛛࡽ anger: ~ o shizumemásu ᛛࡽࢅ㟴ࡴࡱࡌ calms the ࡋࡴࡾ teases, torments ijō n ␏≟␏ᖏ something anger ikasemásu, ikaseru v ⾔࠾ࡎࡱࡌ, unusual/wrong (the matter), ⾔࠾ࡎࡾ sends (a person); lets abnormality: ~-kishø ␏ᖏẴ㇗



abnormal climate



(a person) go



( … ) íjō n, suffix … ௧୕ above, ikashimásu, ikásu v ⏍࠾ࡊࡱࡌ, ⏍࠾ࡌ 1. lets/makes it live, over, upwards of; the above;



brings life to, enlivens; keeps it alive; revives 2. makes the most of, makes good use of iké n ờ pond ikébana n ⏍ࡄⰴ>Ὡⰴ@ flower arrangement ikemasén, ikenai v ࠷ࡄࡱࡎࢆ, ࠷ࡄ ࡝࠷ 1. it won’t do; you mustn’t; don’t 2. (that’s) too ikemásu, ikéru v ⏍>Ὡ@ࡄࡱࡌ, ⏍ >Ὡ@ࡄࡾ arranges (flowers) íken n ណず opinion, idea: go-~ ࡇណず (your/someone else’s) chøshi wa ~ desuka? ㄢᏄࡢ࠷࠾ opinion [HONORIFIC] 95



that’s it! (end of message/speech) = thank you (for your attention) ijū n ⛛ప emigration, immigration; ijū-sha n ⛛ప⩽ emigrant, immigrant (= imin ⛛Ằ) ika n ࢕࢜ cuttlefish, squid ( … ) íka n, suffix … ௧ୖ below (…), less than …: ~ no tøri desu ௧ୖࡡ㏳ࡽ࡚ࡌ as (described) below, as follows ikada n ➹ raft ikága adv ࠷࠾࠿ how (about it)? [DEFERENTIAL] (= dø´ ࡜࠹):



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íken



íken n 㐢៿ constitutional viola-



ik-kái (no) n, adj ୌᅂࡡ one time, once (= ichi-dó ୌᗐ) iki (na) adj ⢃࡝ smart, stylish ikkansei n ୌ㈇ᛮ consistency: íki n ᜝ breath: ~ o shimásu ᜝ࢅ hanashi ni ~ ga arimásu ヨ࡞ୌ ࡊࡱࡌ breathes; iki-gire n ᜝วࡿ ㈇ᛮ࠿࠵ࡽࡱࡌ has consistency shortness of breath: hashitta ato in one’s talk ni ~ ga shimásu ㉦ࡖࡒᚃ࡞᜝ ík-ken n ୌ㌲ one house/building วࡿ࠿ࡊࡱࡌ gets out of breath (counter for buildings) after running; iki-gurushii adj ᜝ⱖ ík-ken n ୌ௲ one case/matter ík-ki ni adv ୌẴ࡞ with a gulp, ࡊ࠷ stuffy …-iki (no) suffix …⾔ࡀࡡ bound with a dash, with a burst ík-ko n ୌ಴ one (piece, small for … ikidōrí n ៵ࡽ indignation, resent- object) (= hitótsu ࡥ࡛ࡗ࣬ୌࡗ) ik-ko n ୌᡖ a house, a household ment ikidōrimásu, ikidō´ru v ៵ࡽࡱࡌ, ik-kō n ୌ⩻ consideration ៵ࡾ gets indignant, resents ik-kō (ni)… adv ୌྡྷ࡞  [+ ikigai n ⏍ࡀ⏝ᩣ something to NEGATIVE] not at all, never: ~ ni live for: ~ o kanjimásu ⏍ࡀ⏝ᩣ kamaimasen ୌྡྷ࡞ᵋ࠷ࡱࡎࢆ I ࢅវࡋࡱࡌ feels one’s life is don’t mind at all. ik-kyoku n ୌ᭜ a piece of music, worth living, feels alive ikimásu, iku v ⾔ࡀࡱࡌ, ⾔ࡂ goes a song, a tune ikimásu, ikíru v ⏍ࡀࡱࡌ, ⏍ࡀࡾ ik-kyoku n ୌᑻ a game ((i)go (the lives board game Go) and/or shøgi ikímono n ⏍ࡀ∸ living thing(s), (Japanese chess)) ik-kyū n ୌ⣥ first class animal(s), creature(s) ikiói n ເ࠷ energy: ~ yóku ເ࠷ࡻ ikō n ណྡྷ one’s mind, inclination, ࡂ energetically intention; one’s views ikisatsu n ࠷ࡀࡈࡗ details, circum- ( … ) íkō suffix … ௧㜾 afterward, stances, complexities; complica- from … on (= ( … ) ígo … ௧ᚃ) ikoi n ៹࠷ rest and relaxation: ~ tions iki-yasúi adj ⾔ࡀࡷࡌ࠷ accessible, no ba(sho) ៹࠷ࡡሔᡜ recrea-



tion



easy to get to



tion area



iki-zumarimásu, iki-zumáru v ⾔ࡀョࡱ ikoku n ␏ᅗ foreign countries; ࡽࡱࡌ, ⾔ࡀョࡱࡾ gets bogged ikoku-jōcho (no) adj ␏ᅗ᝗⥬ࡡ



down



exotic



ik-kai n ୌ㝭 one floor/story; first ikon n 㐿᜗ grudge ikotsu n 㐿㦭 remains (of person) floor, ground floor



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ínchō



íku-… prefix ࠷ࡂ࣬ᖼ … = nán… ర… how many … ikudōon (ni) adv ␏ཾྜྷ㡚࡞



ima-da ni adv ᮅࡓ࡞ still (= mada ࡱࡓ) imásu, iru v ࠷ࡱࡌ, ࠷ࡾ is, stays imásu, íru v ᑏࡱࡌ, ᑏࡾ shoots unanimously ikuji n ⫩ඡ child care: ~-kyüka imē´ji n ࢕࣒࣭ࢩ (psychological/ ⫩ඡఆᬜ child-care leave social) image (= gazø ⏤ാ) ikuji-nashi n ណẴᆀ࡝ࡊ coward, iimēru n E࣒࣭ࣜ e-mail (= mëru chicken: ikuji (no/ga) nai ណẴᆀ ࣒࣭ࣜ) ࡡ࠿ ࡝࠷ is a coward, cowími n ណ࿝ meaning: … to iu ~ desu …࡛࠷࠹ណ࿝࡚ࡌ, … o ~ ardly ikura n ࢕ࢠࣚ salmon roe (caviar) shimásu …ࢅណ࿝ࡊࡱࡌ it íkura n ࠷ࡂࡼ how much: ~ ka ࠷ means … ࡂࡼ࠾ some, a little; ~ mo ࠷ࡂ imin n ⛛Ằ immigrant(s)/emigrant(s) ࡼࡵ ever so much, [+ NEGATIVE] imó n ࢕࣓࣬Ⱆ yam; potato not very much; ~ de mo ࠷ࡂࡼ imó n ࠷ࡵ dork, country ࡚ࡵ a lot, as much as you like bumpkin (= inaka-mono ⏛⯃⩽) ikusa n ᡋ war (= sensø ᡋண) imōtó n ግ younger sister: ~-san ikusei n ⫩ᠺ training, nuture, ግࡈࢆ (your) younger sister inabíkari n ⛼ක lightning cultivation íkutsu n ࠷ࡂࡗ how many; how inada n ࢕ࢻࢱ baby yellowtail (…) ínai suffix … ௧හ within old;~-ka ࠷ࡂࡗ࠾ several, a number of; ~ mo ࠷ࡂࡗࡵ ever inaka n ⏛⯃ country(side); one’s so many, [+ NEGATIVE] not very home area (hometown): ~ no ⏛ ⯃ࡡ rural; ~-mono ⏛⯃⩽ many; ~ de mo ࠷ࡂࡗ࡚ࡵ as many as you like country bumpkin (= imó ࠷ࡵ) ímá n ᑽ㛣 living room (Western- inarí-zushi n ࠷࡝ࡽ㩟>ᑋྒྷ@ sushi



style)



in a bag of aburage (fried beancurd) = o-inari san ࠽⛼Ⲭࡈࢆ inázuma n ࢕ࢻࢫ࣏࣬⛼ጏ lightning inbō n 㝔ㅓ dark plot(s), intrigue(s) (…-)ínchi suffix … ࢕ࣤࢲ until now, up to the present (time); inch(es) íma-ni adv ௑࡞ before long, soon, ínchiki (na) adj ࠷ࢆࡔࡀ࡝ fake, by and by, presently: ~-ni mo fraud(ulent): ~ shøbai ࠷ࢆࡔࡀ ௑࡞ࡵ at any moment; ima-sara ࡝ၛ኉ fraud business ínchō n 㝌㛏 hospital head/director adv ௑ࡈࡼ at this point 97



íma n ௑ now, this time: ~ wa ௑ ࡢ at present; ~ no tokoró wa ௑ࡡ ࡛ࡆࢀࡢ for the time being, so far; ~ goro wa ௑ࡇࢀࡢ about this time; ima-máde adv ௑ࡱ࡚



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Indian



Indian n ࢕ࣤࢸ࢔࢓ࣤ (American) inryō-sui n 㣟ᩩỀ drinking water Indian, native American (= inyø-sui 㣟⏕Ề) Indo n ࢕ࣤࢺ India; Indó-jin n ࢕ࣤ insatsu n ༰ใ printing: ~-butsu ࢺெ Indian (from India) ༰ใ∸ printed matter Indonéshia n ࢕ࣤࢺࢾࢨ࢓ Indo- inshi n ༰⣤ revenue stamp nesia; Indoneshia-go n ࢕ࣤࢺࢾࢨ inshō n ༰㇗ impression; inshō-teki ࢓ㄊ Indonesian (language); (na) adj ༰㇗Ⓩ࡝ impressive Indoneshiá-jin n ࢕ࣤࢺࢾࢨ࢓ெ an inshoku n 㣟㣏 drinking and eating; inshoku-ten n 㣟㣏ᗉ restaurant(s) Indonesian íne n ⛼ rice plant (= resutoran ࣝࢪࢹࣚࣤ) inemúri-shimásu (suru) v ᑽ┸ࡽࡊࡱ inshu n 㣟㒿 drinking: ~-unten 㣟 ࡌࡌࡾ dozes off 㒿㐘㌷ driving after drinking infomēshon n ࢕ࣤࣆ࢚࣒࣭ࢨࣘࣤ insutanto n ࢕ࣤࢪࢰࣤࢹ instant: ~ køhii ࢕ࣤࢪࢰࣤࢹࢤ࣭ࣃ࣭ information infure n ࢕ࣤࣆࣝ inflation instant coffee infuruénza n ࢕ࣤࣆ࢙ࣜࣤࢧ flu, insutorakutā n ࢕ࣤࢪࢹࣚࢠࢰ࣭



influenza



instructor



íngen, ingénmame n ࢕ࣤࢣࣤ࣬࠷ ࢆࡅࢆ, ࢕ࣤࢣ࣏࣒ࣤ࣬࠷ࢆࡅࢆ ㇃ kidney beans, French beans ín(kan) n ༰㚯 seal, stamp (= hán ึ, hankó ึᏄ) inkei n 㝔ⱴ penis inki (na) adj 㝔Ẵ࡝ gloomy,



insutōru n ࢕ࣤࢪࢹ࣭ࣜ installation



(on computer) intabyū n ࢕ࣤࢰࣄ࣭ࣖ interview: ~-kiji ࢕ࣤࢰࣄ࣭ࣖエ஥



interview article intāchenji n ࢕ࣤࢰ࣭ࢲ࢘ࣤࢩ



highway interchange(s)



intāhon n ࢕ࣤࢰ࣭࣌ࣤ intercom ínku, ínki n ࢕ࣤࢠ, ࢕ࣤ࢞ ink intai n ᘤ㏝ retirement ínku-jetto n ࢕ࣤࢠࢩ࢘ࢴࢹ ink intān n ࢕ࣤࢰ࣭ࣤ intern jet: ~ purintå ࢕ࣤࢠࢩ࢘ࢴࢹࣈ intānashonaru n ࢕ࣤࢰ࣭ࢻࢨࣘࢻ ࣛࣤࢰ࣭ inkjet printer ࣜ international ínochi n ࿤ one’s life (= séimei ⏍࿤) intānetto n ࢕ࣤࢰ࣭ࢾࢴࢹ inorí n ♫ࡽprayer Internet; intānetto-kafe n ࢕ࣤࢰ inorimásu, inóru v ♫ࡽࡱࡌ, ♫ࡾ ࣭ࢾࢴࢹ࢜ࣆ࢘ Internet cafe; prays; wishes for, hopes for intānetto-tsūhan n ࢕ࣤࢰ࣭ࢾࢴࢹ inpo n ࢕ࣤ࣎ sexual impotence ㏳㈅ online shopping, Internet inreki n 㝔ᬲ lunar calendar shopping inryoku n ᘤງ attractive force, intān-shippu n ࢕ࣤࢰ࣭ࣤࢨࢴࣈ



glum



gravity



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interi n ࢕ࣤࢷࣛ intellectual;



highbrow interia n ࢕ࣤࢷࣛ࢓ interior



(accessory)



i ró (yo)



irai n ౪㢏 request; dependence,



reliance; trust, commission (…) írai suffix, conj … ௧ᮮ (ever)



since…



inú n ࢕ࢽ࣬≗ dog iraremásu, irareru v ࠷ࡼࡿࡱࡌ, い in’yō n ᘤ⏕ quoting, quotation ࡼࡿࡾ can stay/be inyō-sui n 㣟⏕Ề drinking water irasshaimásu, irassháru v ࠷ࡼࡖࡊ ࡶ࠷ࡱࡌ, ࠷ࡼࡖࡊࡶࡾ (= inryø-sui 㣟ᩩỀ) inzei n ༰⛧ royalties (from one’s [HONORIFIC] 1. comes (= kimásu ᮮࡱࡌ) 2. goes (= ikimásu ⾔ࡀ book(s)) ippai n ࠷ࡖࡤ࠷ fully, full of; many, ࡱࡌ) 3. stays, is (= imásu ࠷ࡱࡌ) much, lots (= takusan ࡒࡂࡈࢆ) 4. interj = irasshaimáse ࠷ࡼࡖࡊ ~ (no) ࠷ࡖࡤ࠷ࡡ full, filled ࡶ࠷ࡱࡎ (Welcome!) -ippai suffix ࠷ࡖࡤ࠷ whole, irásuto n ࢕ࣚࢪࢹ illustration entire: konshu-~ ௑㐄࠷ࡖࡤ࠷ iremásu, ireru v ථࡿࡱࡌ, ථࡿࡾ



all this week, whole week íp-pai n ୌ᮴ a cupful, a glassful;



a drink ip-paku n ୌἡ one night’s lodg-



ing/stay ippan (no) adj ୌ⯙ࡡ general, overall; ippan-teki (na/ni) adj, adv ୌ⯙Ⓩ࡝࡞ general, in general ip-pén n ୌ㐚 one time (= ichi-dó ୌᗐ, ik-kái ୌᅂ) ip-pikí n ୌ༆ one (fish/bug, small



animal)



puts in, lets in, admits; includes: denwa o ~ 㞹ヨࢅථࡿࡱࡌ puts in a call; ire-ba n ථࡿṉ false teeth; ire-mono n ථࡿ∸ container; ire-zumi n ථࡿቕ࣬ๆ㟯 tattoo (= tatü ࢰࢹ࢖࣭) iremásu, iréru v ⅏ࡿࡱࡌ, ⅏ࡿࡾ



can roast iremásu, iréru v ᑏࡿࡱࡌ, ᑏࡿࡾ



can shoot (arrow) iriguchi, irikuchi n ථཾ entrance irimásu, iru v こࡽࡱࡌ, こࡾ is



ippin-ryō´ri n ୌဗᩩ⌦ à la carte



necessary; needs, wants irimásu, íru v ⅏ࡽࡱࡌ, ⅏ࡾ roasts dishes ippō´ n ୌ᪁ 1. one side 2. mø ~ iri-támago n ⅏ࡽ༵ scrambled eggs (de wa) ࡵ࠹ୌ᪁࡚ࡢ the other iri-yō (na) adj ථࡽ⏕࡝ needed side, on the other hand; but, mean- (= nyüyø (na) ථ⏕࡝ ) while; ippō-tsū´kō n ୌ᪁㏳⾔ one- iró n Ⰵ color; sex; iro-ai n Ⰵྙ࠷ way (traffic, argument) tone (coloring); iró-gami n Ⰵ⣤ íp-pon n ୌᮇ one (pencil/bottle, colored paper i ró (yo) v ࠷ࢀࡻ [IMPERATIVE] long thing), a point íp-pun n ୌฦ one minute (stay!) 99



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iroiro (no/na)



iroiro (no/na) adj ࠷ࢀ࠷ࢀࡡ࡝ íssái adj, adv ୌว all, everything,



various



without exception



ironna … adj ࠷ࢀࢆ࡝… various iroppói adj Ⰵࡖࡰ࠷ erotic isé-ebi n ௿ເ࢙ࣄ>ᾇ⩹@ lobster isei n ␏ᛮ (person of) the opposite sex: ~ no yüjin ␏ᛮࡡཪெ



ís-sai n ୌṋ one year old (= hitótsu ୌࡗ) issakú- prefix ୌᫎ: ~-ban/-ya ୌᫎᬄእ night before last (= ototoí no ban/yoru ୌᫎ᪝ࡡ ᬄእ); ~-jitsu ୌᫎ᪝ day before friend(s) of the opposite sex isei (ga/no) ii adj ጸເ࠿ࡡ ࠷࠷ yesterday (= ototói ୌᫎ᪝) is-satsú n ୌ෇ one book (magaspirited, buckish iseki n 㐿㊟ remains zine) iseki n ⛛⡘ transfer ís-sei n ୌୠ 1. first generation: isharyō n ័ㅨᩩ compensation/ nikkei-~ ᪝⣌ୌୠ first-generation damages for mental suffering: ~ Japanese immigrants 2. … the o motomemásu ័ㅨᩩࢅịࡴࡱࡌ First: Erizabesu-~ ࢙ࣛࢧ࣊ࢪୌ ୠ Elizabeth I 3. one generation: asks for compensation ishí n ▴ stone, rock ~ ichidai (no) ୌୠୌ௥ࡡ once íshi n ណᚷ will, intention in a lifetime íshiki n ណㆉ consciousness: ~ o is-sei (ni) adv ୌ᩟࡞ all together ushinaimásu ណㆉࢅ኶࠷ࡱࡌ is-seki-nichō n ୌ▴஦㫵 loses consciousness, passes out is-sén n ୌ༐࣬1,000 one thousand íshindenshin (de) adv ௧ᚨఎᚨ࡚ (= sén ༐) issetsú n ୌ⟿ passage (of text) (by) telepathy ísho n 㐿᭡ will isshō n ୌ⏍ one’s whole life íshō n ⾨⿞ costume ís-shō n ୌ༓ 1.8 liters: ~´-bin ୌ íshoku n ⛛᳔ transplantation: ༓⎴ a 1.8-liter bottle (of saké) shinzø-~ ᚨ⮒⛛᳔ cardiac isshō-kénmei (ni) adv ୌ⏍ᠩ࿤࡞



transplant



desperately; very hard



ishokujū n ⾨㣏ప food, clothing



issho (ni) adv ୌ⥬࡞ together ís-shu n ୌ⛸ a kind, a sort and shelter isogashíi adj ᚹࡊ࠷ busy: shigoto isshun n ୌ█ a moment: ~ no ga ~ ௘஥࠿ᚹࡊ࠷ is busy at work dekigoto ୌ█ࡡฝᮮ஥ moment isogí n ᛬ࡁ haste; ~ no adj ᛬ࡁ event/happening ࡡ hasty, hurried, urgent isso adv ࠷ࡖࡐ rather, preferably isogimásu, isógu v ᛬ࡁࡱࡌ, ᛬ࡃ issō adv ୌᒒ all the more…,



hurries, rushes isōrō n ᑽು freeloader



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still/much more … issō n ୌᤪ sweep, cleanup



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isu n ࠷ࡌ࣬࢕ࢪ࣬᳌Ꮔ chair Isuraeru n ࢕ࢪ࢙ࣚࣜ Israel; Isuraeru-jin n ࢕ࢪ࢙ࣚࣜெ Israeli Isuramu-kyō n ࢕ࢪ࣑ࣚᩅ Islam (= kaikyø ᅂᩅ); Isuramu-kyōto n ࢕ࢪ࣑ࣚᩅᚈ Muslim, Moslem íta n ᯀ board, plank; ita-choko n ᯀࢲࣘࢤ chocolate bar itachi n ࢕ࢰࢲ weasel: itachi-~ ࢕ ࢰࢲࡇࡖࡆ vicious circle itadaki n 㡤 peak, summit (= chøjø´ 㡤୕) itadakimásu, itadaku v ࠷ࡒࡓࡀࡱࡌ, ࠷ࡒࡓࡂ (I/we humbly) receive,



ítsu kara



࢕ࢰࣛ࢓ㄊ Italian (language); Itariá-jin n ࢕ࢰࣛ࢓ெ an Italian itashimásu, itásu v ⮬ࡊࡱࡌ, ⮬ࡌ



[HUMBLE/DEFERENTIAL] do(es) (= shimásu ࡊࡱࡌ) itatte adv ⮫ࡖ࡙ extremely itazura n ࠷ࡒࡍࡼ mischief, prank: ~-denwa ࠷ࡒࡍࡼ㞹ヨ prank call; itazurá-kko n ࠷ࡒࡍࡼ ࡖᏄ naughty child itazura ni adv ࠷ࡒࡍࡼ࡞ in vain, for nothing: ~ toki o sugoshimásu ࠷ࡒࡍࡼ࡞᫤ࢅ㐛ࡇࡊࡱࡌ



spends one’s time in idleness itchi n ୌ⮬ agreement, consensus eat, drink itade n ⑚ᡥ damage: ~ o ukemásu ite n ᑏᡥ archer ⑚ᡥࢅུࡄࡱࡌ gets damage(s) íto n ⣊ thread, yarn, string: takoitái adj ⑚࠷ painful, hurting, sore ~ ญ⣊ kite string; itó-maki n ⣊ᕬ itamae n ᯀ๑ chef (of Japanese ࡀ spool; reel íto n ណᅒ intention, plan, purpose; food) itamemásu, itaméru v ⑚ࡴࡱࡌ, ⑚ ito-teki ni adv ណᅒⓏ࡞ on purpose ࡴࡾ hurts, injures itóko n ࠷࡛ࡆ࣬ᚉඕᘭ࣬ᚉ጗ግ itamemásu, itaméru v ഭࡴࡱࡌ, ഭ cousin: (o-)~-san ࠽ ࠷࡛ࡆࡈ ࡴࡾ damages, spoils it ࢆ (your/someone else’s) cousin itamemásu, itaméru v ⅏ࡴࡱࡌ, ⅏ itomá n ᬜ 1. leave-taking, farewell 2. free time (= hima ᬜ); leave ࡴࡾ (pan-)fries, sautés: itamemono ⅏ࡴ∸ stir-fry of absence itamimásu, itámu v ⑚ࡲࡱࡌ, ⑚ࡳ itoshíi adj យࡊ࠷ dear (beloved) ítsu n, adv ࠷ࡗ when it aches itamimásu, itámu v ഭࡲࡱࡌ, ഭࡳ ítsu dé mo adv ࠷ࡗ࡚ࡵ any time it spoils, rots (at all) itamiwake n ⑚ࡲ>ഭࡲ@ฦࡄ draw itsu-goro n ࠷ࡗ㡥 about when caused by injuries in Sumo match itsuká n ஫᪝ five days; fifth day itarimásu, itáru v ⮫ࡽࡱࡌ, ⮫ࡾ (of month) arrives (at), reaches (to), goes/ ítsu-ka adv ࠷ࡗ࠾ sometime ítsu kara adv ࠷ࡗ࠾ࡼ since comes (to) Itaria n ࢕ࢰࣛ࢓ Italy; Itaria-go n when, how long 101



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itsukushimi



itsukushimi n ិࡊࡲ tender love (= jiai ិយ): itsukushi mimásu ិࡊࡲࡱࡌ loves tenderly ítsu made adv ࠷ࡗࡱ࡚ until when,



ít-tō n ୌ㢄 one (horse/ox, large



animal)



it-tsui n ୌᑊ a pair iwá n ᒷ rock, crag íwa ba conj ࠷ࢂࡣ so to speak how long ítsu made mo adv ࠷ࡗࡱ࡚ࡵ for- iwái n ♻࠷ celebration → iwaimásu ♻࠷ࡱࡌ ever ítsu made ni adv ࠷ࡗࡱ࡚࡞ by iwaimásu, iwáu v ♻࠷ࡱࡌ, ♻࠹



when



celebrates



ítsu-mo adv ࠷ࡗࡵ always, usually: ~ no ࠷ࡗࡵࡡ usual ítsu-no-ma-ni (ka) adv ࠷ࡗࡡ㛣@࡞ ࠾ before one knows it itsútsu n ஫ࡗ five pieces (small objects) (= gó-ko ஫಴); five years old (= gó-sai ஫ṋ) itsuwári n അࡽ falsehood, lie (= uso Ⴭ) ittai … adv ୌమ … on earth, … ever … !: ~ døshitan desuka? ୌ మ࡜࠹ࡊࡒࢆ࡚ࡌ࠾" What on



earth happened



iwashi n ࢕࣠ࢨ࣬㪿 sardine iwáyúru adj ࠷ࢂࡹࡾ so-called,



what is known as iya interj ࠷ࡷ (usually male) no,



nope iyá (na) adj ᎒࡝ unpleasant;



disagreeable; disgusting, nasty iya-garimásu, iya-gáru v ᎒࠿ࡽࡱࡌ, ᎒࠿ࡾ dislikes, hates íyaringu n ࢕ࣕࣛࣤࢡ earring iyashii adj ༚ࡊ࠷ lowly, vulgar iyó-iyo adv ࠷ࡻ࠷ࡻ 1. at last, finally 2. more and more 3.



ittai-ka n ୌమ໩ unification surely ittei (no) adj ୌᏽࡡ fixed, settled, iza adv ࠷ࡉ when it comes to definite (actually do so): ~ to iu toki ࠷ࡉ Itte(i)rasshái interj ࠷ࡖ࡙࠷ ࡼࡖ ࡛࠷࠹᫤ in a pinch, in the worst ࡊࡶ࠷, Itte(i)rassháimáse case [HONORIFIC] ࠷ࡖ࡙࠷ ࡼࡊࡶ࠷ (…) ízen suffix … ௧๑ before, ࡱࡎ Good-bye! (said to those up until …, ago izumi n ἠ fountain, spring departing home) Itte kimásu, Itte mairimásu interj ⾔ izure adv ࠷ࡍࡿ some other time; ࡖ࡙ࡀࡱࡌཤࡽࡱࡌ Good-bye! someday: ~ mata chikaiuchini (said to those staying home) oaishimashø ࠷ࡍࡿࡱࡒ㎾࠷࠹ it-tō´(no) n, adj ୌ➴ࡡ first, first ࡔ࡞࠽ఌ࠷ࡊࡱࡊࡺ࠹ Let’s meet class: ~seki/-sha ୌ➴ᖆ㌬ first- up again sometime soon.



class seat/car



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jánpu



J ja interj, adv [INFORMAL] ࡋࡶ, jå´ ࡋࡶ࠵ well, well then; in that case; (well) now (= déwa ࡚ࡢ) …ja suffix [INFORMAL] …ࡋࡶ = … dé wa …࡚ࡢ ja n ⺤ snake jaaku (na) adj [BOOKISH] 㑟ᝇ࡝



evil



ࡊࡱࡌ gets in the way, becomes



a bother Jamaika n ࢩ࣏ࣔ࢕࢜ Jamaica jámu n ࢩ࣑ࣔ jam (to eat) …ja nákereba suffix, v [INFORMAL] …ࡋࡶ࡝ࡄࡿࡣ unless it be: ~ narimasén …ࡋࡶ࡝ࡄࡿࡣ࡝ࡽ ࡱࡎࢆ must (has to) be …ja náku(te) suffix, v [INFORMAL] …ࡋࡶ࡝ࡂ࡙ (it) is not and/



jabu n ࢩࣔࣇ jab jagā n ࢩ࣭ࣔ࢝ jaguar jagaimo n ࡋࡶ࠿࠷ࡵ࣬ࢩࣔ࢝࢕࣓ but; without being …ja nákute mo suffix, v [INFORMAL] (Irish) potato jaguchi n ⺤ཾ faucet, tap …ࡋࡶ࡝ࡂ࡙ࡵ even if it not be: jajauma n ࡋࡶࡋࡶ㤷 shrew ~ íi desu …ࡋࡶ࡝ࡂ࡙ࡵ࠷࠷࡚ jāji n ࢩ࣭ࣔࢩ jersey ࡌ it need not be jákétto n ࢩࣔࢢࢴࢹ jacket …ja nákute wa suffix, v [INFORMAL] jakén (na/ni) adj, adv 㑟㝜࡝࡞ ࡋࡶ࡝ࡂ࡙ࡢ, …ja nákya …ࡋࡶ ࡝ࡀࡶ not being, without being; blunt(ly) jakkan (no) adj ⱕᖱࡡ some unless it be: ja nákya ikemasén (amount of), several …ࡋࡶ࡝ࡂ࡙ࡢࡋࡶ࡝ࡀࡶ ࠷ jakku n ࢩࣔࢴࢠ jack ࡄࡱࡎࢆ it must (has to) be jakō n ࢩࣔࢤࢗ࣬㯂㤮 civet, musk: jānarisuto n ࢩ࣭ࣔࢻࣛࢪࢹ ~-jika ࢩࣔࢤࢗࢩ࢜ musk deer: journalist ~-neko ࢩࣔࢤࢗࢾࢤ musk cat jānaru n ࢩ࣭ࣔࢻࣜ journal jakuhai (mono) n [BOOKISH] ⱕ㍦⩽ janbo n ࢩࣔࣤ࣍ jumbo: ~ jettoyoung and inexperienced person ki ࢩࣔࣤ࣍ࢩ࢘ࢴࢹᶭ jumbo jakunen-sha n [BOOKISH] ⱕᖳ⩽ the jet aircraft young, a youth (= wakamono ⱕ⩽) jánguru n ࢩࣔࣤࢡࣜ jungle: ~-jímu jakusha n ᘽ⩽ the weak (person) ࢩࣔࣤࢡࣜࢩ࣑ jungle gym jakuten n ᘽⅤ weak point janku-fūdo n ࢩࣔࣤࢠࣆ࣭ࢺ junk jama n 㑟㨩 disturbance, hindrance, food obstacle: ~ (na) 㑟㨩࡝ intrusive, jánpā n ࢩࣔࣤࣂ࣭ windbreaker bothersome; ~ ni narimásu 㑟㨩 (jacket) ࡞࡝ࡽࡱࡌ, ~ o shimásu 㑟㨩ࢅ jánpu n ࢩࣔࣤࣈ jump



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janru



janru n ࢩࣔࣤࣜ genre jibikí n Ꮚᘤࡀ dictionary (= jísho jarajara adj ࢩࣔࣚࢩࣔࣚ jangling ㎙᭡) jíbun n ᫤ฦ time sound jara-shimásu, jara-su v ࡋࡶࡼࡊࡱࡌ, jidai n ᫤௥ age, period, era, time, ࡋࡶࡼࡌ plays with: (ko)neko o …-jídai …᫤௥ period: Edo-~ Ờ ~ Ꮔ ⊟ࢅࡋࡶࡼࡊࡱࡌ plays ᡖ᫤௥ the Edo period jídō n ඡ❲ child (elementary with a kitten/cat jari n ▹ฺ gravel, pebbles school student) (= seito ⏍ᚈ) Jawa n ࢩࣔ࣠ Java jidō n ⮤ິ automatic; jidō-doa n jazu n ࢩࣔࢫ jazz ⮤ິࢺ࢓ auto(matic) door; jidōhanbaiki n ⮤ິ㈅኉ᶭ vending Jei āru, Jē āru n ࢩ࢘࢕࢓࣭ࣜ, ࢩ ࣭࢘࢓࣭ࣜ, JR (Japan Railway) machine; jidō´-sha n ⮤ິ㌬ jettó-ki n ࢩ࢘ࢴࢹᶭ jet (plane) automobile (= kuruma ㌬ ji n ⑕ hemorrhoids Jiei-tai n ⮤⾠㝪 the Self-Defense jí n Ꮚ = moji ᩝᏊ a letter Forces (symbol): kanji ₆Ꮚ a Chinese jigoku´ n ᆀ⊱ hell jígyō n ஥ᴏ enterprise, business, character jí n ᆀ land, ground; texture; undertaking jíi n ⮤័ masturbation (= onanii fabric ji-… prefix ⮤… self; one’s own; ࢛ࢻࢼ࣭ ji-bun n ⮤ฦ oneself; myself; jii-pan n ࢩ࣭ࣂࣤ blue jeans alone; ~ de ⮤ฦ࡚ by oneself, in jíjitsu n ஥ᐁ fact, truth person; ~ no ⮤ฦࡡ (one’s) own; jijō n ஥᝗ circumstances; condigo-~ ࡇ⮤ฦ yourself; jí-ga n ⮤ᠻ tions: ~ o nomikomimásu ஥᝗ࢅ ego; jí-ko n ⮤ᕤ (one)self; ji-sei n 㣟ࡲ㎰ࡲࡱࡌ understands the ⮤โ self-control; ji-shin n ⮤ಘ situation self-confidence/-assurance: ~ o jikan n ᫤㛣 time; hour(s): ~ ga mótte … (shimásu ) ⮤ಘࢅᣚࡖ kakarimásu ᫤㛣࠿࠾࠾ࡽࡱࡌ it ࡙…ࡊࡱࡌ (does it) with takes time; ~-dø´ri (no/ni) ᫤㛣 ㏳ࡽࡡ࡞ on time confidence; ji-taku n ⮤Ꮹ one’s …-jikan suffix …᫤㛣 time; hour(s): home/residence …-ji suffix …᫤ o’clock: roku-~ eigyø-~ ႜᴏ᫤㛣 business hours; 6᫤ six o’clock kinmu-~ ໂຸ᫤㛣 working hours …-ji suffix …ᑈ temple (name): jikan-hyō n ᫤㛣⾪ timetable, Kinkaku-ji 㔘㛮ᑈ schedule jiai n [BOOKISH] ិយ tender love jíka ni adv ├࡞ directly; personally jíken n ஥௲ happening, incident, (= itsukushimi ិࡊࡲ)



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jisan shimásu (suru)



event, affair, case: ~ o kaiketsu- jindō n ெ㐠 1. humanity 2. walkshimásu ஥௲ࢅゆỬࡊࡱࡌ way, pedestrian path jingū´ n ♼ᐋ (large) Shinto shrine solves a case/cases jíki n ᫤᭿ time; season: ~-shøsø jinin n ெဤ personnel ᫤᭿ᑠ᪡ prematurity jínja n ♼♣ Shinto shrine jíki n ᫤ᶭ opportune time, oppor- jínji n ெ஥ personnel/human tunity, chance: ~ o machimásu affairs; jinji-ka n ெ஥ㄚ personnel ᫤ᶭࢅᙽࡔࡱࡌ waits for a (section) jínjō adj ᑖᖏ [BOOKISH] usual, chance jíki n ☚ჹ porcelain → tō´ki 㝙ჹ normal (= futsü ᬉ㏳ : ~-denai jíki (no) n ☚Ẵࡡ magnetic ᑖᖏ࡚࡝࠷ unusual, abnormal jiki (ni) adv ├࡞ soon; immejinken n ெᶊ human rights jinkō n ெཾ population diately jikka n ᐁᐓ one’s parent’s home jinkō (no) adj ெᕝࡡ artificial jikken n ᐁ㥺 experiment: kagaku jinríkí-sha n ெງ㌬ ricksha (no) ~ ໩Ꮥࡡ ᐁ㥺 chemical jínrui n ெ㢦 human beings, the experiment human race jikkō n ᐁ⾔ performance; practice; jinsei n ெ⏍ (one’s) life realization, running: puroguramu jinshu n ெ⛸ race (peoples): ~ o ~ shimásu ࣈࣞࢡ࣑ࣚࢅᐁ⾔ࡊ sabetsu ெ⛸ᕣื racial discrimiࡱࡌ runs a program nation: ~ no rutsubo ெ⛸ࡡࡾࡗ jíko n ஥ᨶ accident ࡯ melting pot jíkoku n ᫤็ time (specified) ji-nushi n ᆀ୹ landowner jikoku-hyō n ᫤็⾪ time schedule, jinzō n ⭀⮒ kidneys timetable: densha no ~ 㞹㌬ࡡ᫤ jinzō (no) adj ெ㏸ࡡ artificial, ็⾪ railway timetable imitation, false (man-made) jikú n ㍀ axis, axle: chi-jiku ᆀ㍀ jíppā n ࢩࢴࣂ࣭ zipper jira-shimásu, jira-su v ࡋࡼࡊࡱࡌ, earth axis; jiten-jiku ⮤㌷㍀ ࡋࡼࡌ irritates someone, (planet’s) rotational axis jiman n ⮤ះ pride, boast tantalizes, teases jímen n ᆀ㟻 ground (surface) jírojiro mimásu (míru) v ࡋࢀࡋࢀず jimí (na) adj ᆀ࿝࡝ plain, sober ࡱࡌずࡾ stares at jímu n ஥ຸ business, office work; jísa n ᫤ᕣ difference in time: ~-boke jimu-sho n ஥ຸᡜ office ᫤ᕣ࡯ࡄ jet lag; ~-shukkin ᫤ᕣ jímu n ࢩ࣑ gym(nasium) ฝໂ staggered work hours …´-jín suffix …ெ person jisan shimásu (suru) v ᣚཤࡊࡱࡌ jínbutsu n ெ∸ personage ࡌࡾ brings along, takes along 105



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jísatsu



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



jisatsu n ⮤ṽ suicide: ~-ganbø ⮤ ṽ㢢᭻ desire of suicide jisei n ᫤ເ (the trend of) the times jisei n ᫤ୠ the times jísetsu n ᫤⟿ season; (appropri-



cle: jitensha-ya ⮤㌷㌬ᒁ bicycle shop/dealer jitsú n ᐁ truth: ~ ni ᐁ࡞ truly, really, indeed; ~ no ᐁࡡ true, real; jitsu-butsu n ᐁ∸ the real ate) time, occasion, opportunity thing; the actual person; jitsu-ryoku jíshaku n ☚▴ magnet n ᐁງ (real) strength, ability, jishin n ᆀ㟀 earthquake proficiency; force, power; jitsu-yō jishin n ☚㔢 magnetic needle: n ᐁ⏕ practical use/application, høi-~ ᪁న☚㔢 compass utility -jishin n ⮤㌗ oneself; myself (= jitsugyō n ᐁᴏ business, enterprise: jibun-~ ⮤ฦ⮤㌗): kare-~ ᙴ⮤ ~-ka ᐁᴏᐓ businessperson, ㌗ himself businessman jísho n ㎙᭡ dictionary jitto adv ࡋࡖ࡛ intently, steadily, jishoku n ㎙⫃ resignation (from a fixedly (staring); quietly, position) patiently jisoku n ᫤㏷ (per hour) speed jiyū´ n ⮤⏜ freedom, liberty: ~ jissai n, adv ᐁ㝷 actual conditions, (na) ⮤⏜࡝ free; fluent, at reality; in practice; in fact, really ease; ~ ni ⮤⏜࡞ freely; fluently; ji-súberi n ᆀ⁝ࡽ landslide ~-gyø ⮤⏜ᴏ freelancing, jítai n ஥ឺ situation, state of affairs freelance work; ~-seki ⮤⏜ᖆ jítai n, adv ⮤మ 1. the thing itself unreserved seat 2. originally jizen n ិၻ charity jítai n ㎙㏝ non-acceptance, refusal jō´ n 㗼 1. (= jø-mae 㗼๑) lock jitchi n ᐁᆀ actuality, (putting to) 2. (= jøzai 㗼๠ pill practice: ~ (no) keiken o tsumi- jō adj, n ୕ 1. (= jøtø (na) ୕➴ másu ᐁᆀࡡ ⤊㥺ࢅ✒ࡲࡱࡌ ࡝ ) deluxe 2. (= ~-kan ୕ᕬ) gets on-the-job experience(s) first volume (of a set of 2 or 3) jiten n ㎙඼ dictionary (= jísho ㎙ …´-jō suffix …␒ (counts room ᭡): kokugo-~ ᅗㄊ㎙඼ Japanese sizes by tatami mat): hachí-~ (ma) ඳ␒㛣 eight tatami mats (room) dictionary: eiwa-~ ⱝ࿰㎙඼, einichi-~ ⱝ᪝㎙඼ English…´-jō suffix …ᇖ castle (name): Japanese dictionary Osaka-jø ኬ㜨ᇖ the Osaka-jø jiten n ஥඼ dictionary, subject castle jōbu (na) adj ୓ኰ࡝ sturdy, firm, book: hyakka-~ Ⓤ⛁஥඼ encyclopedia healthy; safe (= daijøbu ኬ୓ኰ) jitén-sha, jidén-sha n ⮤㌷㌬ bicy- jochō n ຐ㛏 promotion, furtherance 106



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jochū n ዥ୯ maid-servant jōdán n ීㄧ joke: ~ hanbun (ni) ීㄧ༖ฦ࡞ half in jest jōei n ୕᫆ showing (movie) jōen n ୕ⁿ performance jo-gákusei, joshi gákusei n ዥᏕ⏍, ዥᏄᏕ⏍ female student jōge n ୕ୖ top and bottom, high



and row, up and down jōgi n ᏽぜ ruler (to measure with) jogingu n ࢩࣘ࢟ࣤࢡ jog(ging) jō´go n ⁻ᩧ funnel jōhín (na) adj ୕ဗ࡝ elegant,



refined jōhō n ᝗ሒ information jō-kan n ୕ᕬ first volume (of a



jōsúi-chi



~ ᐂᐄ஋ຸဤ (airplane) flight



attendant jōnetsu-teki (na) adj ᝗⇍Ⓩ࡝



passionate joō´ n ዥ⋜ queen jōriku n ୕㝛 disembarking, land-



ing jorō´ n ዥ㑳 whore, prostitute jōryū (no) adj ୕Ὦࡡ classy,



upper; upstream jōryū´-sui n ⵠ⏻Ề distilled water josei n ዥᛮ woman, female: ~-go ዥᛮㄊ women’s language (terms) (= onna kotoba ዥゕⴝ) joseki n 㝎⡘ removal from register,



expulsion (from a school/uniset of 2 or 3) versity) jōkén n ᮪௲ condition, term, joseikin n ຐᠺ㔘 grant josetsu n 㝎㞯 removing the snow stipulation, provision jō´ki n ⵠẴ steam, vapor jōsha n ஋㌬ getting into a car, jokki n ࢩࣘࢴ࢞ jug, (beer) mug getting on a train/bus, boarding; jōkyaku n ஋ᐂ passenger jōshá-ken n ஋㌬ไ passenger ticket jōkyō n ≟Ἓ࣬᝗Ἓ situation, joshi n ຐペ particle (auxiliary word) jóshi n ዥᏄ girl, woman: ~-dáisei circumstances, state of affairs jo-kyō´ju n ຐᩅ᤭ assistant proዥᏄኬ⏍ woman college student; ~-kø´sei ዥᏄ㧏⏍ female (senior) fessor jōkyū n ୕⣥ high class, upper high school student jōshiki n ᖏㆉ common sense class: ~ køsu ୕⣥ࢤ࣭ࢪ adjoshō n ᗆ❮ introduction section vanced course jō-mae n 㗼๑ lock (= kagi 㘵) (book) jomei n [BOOKISH] 㝎ྞ excision, joshu n ຐᡥ helper, assistant josō n ຐ㉦ running up excommunication jomei n ຐ࿤ sparing the life/lives josō n 㝎ⲙ weeding (= kyümei ᨾ࿤): ~-katsudø ຐ࿤ josō n ዥ⿞ drag: ~ shimásu ዥ⿞ Ὡິ rescue work ࡊࡱࡌ is in drag jōmén n ୕㟻 top (top side) josō n ᗆ዇ (music) introduction jōmuin n ஋ຸဤ crew: kyakushitsu jōsúi-chi n ὯỀờ reservoir 107



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jotai



jotai n 㝎㝪 discharge jōtai n ≟ឺ condition, situation,



out the (entire)…: ichi-nen-~ ୌ ᖳ୯ throughout the year: sekai-~ ୠ⏲୯ all over the world state, circumstances jōtō (no) adj ୕➴ࡡ the best, jūatsu n 㔔ᅸ pressure jūbako n 㔔⟵ nested boxes; picnic first-rate, deluxe joya n 㝎እ New Year’s Eve: ~ no boxes: ~ no sumi o tsutsukimásu kane 㝎እࡡ㚕 the bells on New 㔔⟵ࡡ㝦ࢅࡗࡗࡀࡱࡌ split Year’s Eve



hairs, nitpicks



jōyaku n ᮪⣑ treaty, agreement jūbún (na) adj ༎ฦ>ඖฦ@࡝ jōyō n ᖏ⏕ common use: ~-kanji enough, sufficient ᖏ⏕₆Ꮚ Chinese characters in jūdai (na) adj 㔔ኬ࡝ serious common use (heavy, grave); important: ~-ji jōyō´-sha n ஋⏕㌬ passenger car 㔔ኬ஥ a matter of importance jōyō´-sha n ᖏ⏕⩽ addict jū´dō n ᯺㐠 judo, jujitsu (an art joyū n ዥඁ actress of weaponless defense) jōzai n 㗼๠ pill, tablet Jū-gatsú n ༎᭮࣬ 10᭮ October jōzō-sho n 㔂㏸ᡜ brewery jūgeki n 㖘ᦹ gunfight jōzú (na) adj ୕ᡥ࡝ skilled, jūgun n ᚉ㌯ serving in an army júgyō n ᤭ᴏ class instruction, clever, good at jū´ n 㖘 gun: ~-sei 㖘ኇ gunshot(s) classroom teaching; ~ o okonaijū´ n ༎࣬10 ten; jū-bai n ༎ಶ ten másu ᤭ᴏࢅ⾔࠷ࡱࡌ teaches times, tenfold; jū-banmé (no) adj (class): ~ o ukemásu ᤭ᴏࢅུࡄ ༎␊┘ࡡ tenth; jū´-do n ༎ᗐ ࡱࡌ attends a class jūgyō n ᚉᴏ employment; jūgyō´-in ten times (= júk-kai ༎ᅂ); ten degrees; jū-en-dama n ༎ළ⋚ ten- n ᚉᴏဤ employee yen coin; jū´-ji n ༎᫤࣬᫤ ten jūi n ⊿༈ veterinarian o’clock; jū-má n ༎୒࣬100,000 a Jū-ichi-gatsu n ༎ୌ᭮࣬11᭮ hundred thousand; jū-nána n ༎୏ November ࣬17 seventeen; jū-óku n ༎൦࣬ jū´ji n ༎Ꮚ a cross (symbol); jūji-ka ൦ a thousand million; (U.S.) a n ༎Ꮚᯣ a cross (wooden); jūjí-ro billion; jū-shi n ༎ᄿ࣬14 fourn ༎Ꮚ㊨ crossroad(s) teen (= jü-yon ༎ᄿ); jū-yok-ka n jū´ji n ᚉ஥ engaging in (an activity) ༎ᄿ᪝ 14 days; 14th day (of month); jū-yon n ༎ᄿ࣬14 four- jūkinzoku n 㔔㔘ᒌ heavy metal teen (= jü-shi ༎ᄿ); ~-nin n ༎ jūketsu n ඖ⾉ congestion: me ga ᄿெ 14 people ~ shimásu ┘࠿ඖ⾉ࡊࡱࡌ gets …-jū suffix …ࡋࡸ࠹࣬୯ through- red eyes



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juk-kai n ༎㝭 ten floors/stories;



tenth floor júk-kai n ༎ᅂ ten times (= jü´-do ༎ᗐ júk-ko n ༎಴ ten (pieces, small



jū´tan



junkan n ᚘ⎌ circulation; cycle jun-kyō´ju n ‵ᩅ᤭ associate



professor



júnsa n ᕙᰕ policeman, patrolman (= omawari-san ࠽ᕙࡽࡈࢆ) junshō n ‵ᑑ brigadier-general objects) júku n ሺ a cram/tutoring school; junsui (na) adj ⣟⢃࡝ pure: ~ na juku-kō(shi) n ሺㅦᖅ tutor(s) in kokoro ⣟⢃࡝ᚨ pure heart jūō n ⦢ᶋ vertical and horizontal; a tutoring school jukudoku n ⇅ㄖ reading thoroughly jūō-mujin (ni) adv ⦢ᶋ↋ᑸ࡞ jukugo n ⇅ㄊ idiomatic expression freely jukukō, jukkō n ⇅⩻ serious júp-pa n ༎⩒ ten (birds) júp-pon n ༎ᮇ ten (pencils/bottles, thought (= jukuryo ⇅៎) jukunen n ⇅ᖳ mature age long things) jukuryo n ⇅៎ serious thought júp-pun n ༎ฦ 10 minutes jukushimásu, jukúsú v ⇅ࡊࡱࡌ, ⇅ jū´rai (wa) adv ᚉᮮࡢ traditionally, ࡌ ripens, gets ripe up to now, hitherto, previously jukusui n ⇅╟ sound sleep jūryō´ n 㔔㔖 weight: ~-age 㔔㔖 jukutatsu n ⇅㐡 mastery ᣪࡅ weight-lifting Júkyō n ൰ᩅ Confucianism juryō´-shō n ུ㡷チ receipt jukyū n 㞺⤝ supply and demand jū´sho n పᡜ residence, address jūmin n పẰ resident: ~ hyø పẰ jushō n ུ㈱ winning an award; ⚂ residence certificate jushō´-sha n ུ㈱⩽ winner, jun n 㡨 order: jun(ban) ni 㡨␊ awardee ࡞ in order jus-sai n ༎ṋ ten years old (= tø jún (na) adj ⣟࡝ pure ࡛࠽࣬༎) junban n 㡨␊ (place in) order, turn jus-satsu n ༎෇ ten copies (books, júnbi n ‵ങ preparation(s), armagazines) jū´su n ࢩ࣭ࣖࢪ juice: orenji ~ ࢛ rangements junchō (na) adj 㡨ㄢ࡝ smooth(- ࣝࣤࢩࢩ࣭ࣖࢪ orange juice jūtai n Ῠ⁣ congestion: ~-jø´kyø ly going) Jū-ni-gatsú n ༎஦᭮࣬12᭮ DeῨ⁣≟Ἓ congested (traffic): ~ cember shite imásu Ῠ⁣ࡊ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ is jun-jimásu, jun-jiru v [BOOKISH] ‵ࡋ congested (backed up) ࡱࡌ, ‵ࡋࡾ applies correspond- jūtaku n పᏩ residence, house ingly (to); is made to accord (with) jū´tan n ࡋࡸ࠹ࡒࢆ࣬⤟Ạ rug, júnjo n 㡨ᗆ order, sequence carpet (= kå´pétto ࣭࢜࣋ࢴࢹ)



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jut-tō



jut-tō n ༎㢄 ten (horses/oxen,



jūyō (na) adj 㔔こ࡝ important large animals) juzú n ᩐ⌌ beads: ~ tsunagi ni juwá-ki n ུヨჹ (telephone) narimásu ᩐ⌌ࡗ࡝>⦽@ࡁ࡞࡝ࡽ ࡱࡌ is chained together receiver júyo n ᤭୙ awarding, conferring



K ka n ࢜࣬⹽ mosquito: ~-tori covering letter (= søfu-jø ㏞௛≟) senkø ⹽ཱིࡽ⥲㤮 mosquito coil; kabaimásu, kabau v ᗂ࠷ࡱࡌ, ᗂ࠹ ka-ya n ⹽ᖋ࣬࠾ࡷ mosquito protects, defends net: ka-ya no soto ⹽ᖋࡡአ out kaban n ࠾ࡣࢆ࣬࢜ࣁࣤ࣬㠔 brief-



of scheme



case, bag



ka n ྊ pass: (grade) yü, ryø, ~, fuka ඁࠉⰃࠉྊࠉ୘ྊ



kabayaki n ⵞ↕ࡀ broiled eel kabe n ባ wall: ~-gami ባ⣤ wall-



Excellent, Good, Poor, Failing



paper



ká n ㄚ, …´-ka …ㄚ section, division; lesson: Jinji-~ ெ஥ㄚ Human Resources Division: dai ik-~ ➠ㄚ Lesson 1 ká n ⛁ 1. family (biological taxonomy) 2. department: (university) Eibun-~ ⱝᩝ⛁ Department



kabi n ࢜ࣄ mold, mildew kabin n ⰴ⎴࣬࠾ࡦࢆ flower vase kabocha n ࢜࣍ࢲࣔ pumpkin kabu n ᰬ stock (in a company): kabushiki-shijø ᰬᘟᕰሔ stock



market



kā´bu n ࣭࢜ࣇ curve (road) of English Language & Litera- kabuki n ḯ⯑ః a traditional style ture; (hospital), Nai-~ හ⛁ inter- of Japanese theater: ~-za ḯ⯑ః ᗑ the Kabuki theater (building) nal medicine ka-… prefix ௫… temporary kabu(ra) n ࢜ࣇࣚ ࣬ⷒ a turnip kaburimásu, kabúru v ⿍ࡽࡱࡌ, (tentative) … ka conj …࠾ or; (the question) ⿍ࡾ wears on head; puts on kabushiki-gáisha n ᰬᘟఌ♣ jointwhether …-ka suffix …໩ …-ization: ~ stock corporation shimásu …໩ࡊࡱࡌ …-izes káchi n ౮ೋ value: ~ ga arimásu kaba n ࢜ࣁ࣬ἑ㤷 hippopotamus ౮ೋ࠿࠵ࡽࡱࡌ is worth kabā n ࢜ࣁ࣭ cover, covering: kachí n ົࡔ victory, win bukku-~ ࣇࢴࢠ࢜ࣁ࣭ book kachimásu, kátsu v ົࡔࡱࡌ, ົࡗ cover: kabå-~ ࢜ࣁ࣭ࣝࢰ࣭ wins



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ka-chō n ㄚ㛏 section manager kadai n [BOOKISH] ㄚ㢗 1. problem, difficult matter (= mondai ၡ㢗) 2. assignment, homework, task 3. subject, theme kádan n ⰴቨ flower bed kádan n ୖṹ [BOOKISH] lower



stand kádan n [BOOKISH] ᯕ᩷ [BOOKISH] decisiveness: ~ na køi ᯕ᩷࡝⾔ Ⅵ decisive action kādigan n ࣭࢜ࢸ࢔࢝ࣤ cardigan kádo n ぽ (outside) corner, street



corner kádo n [BOOKISH] 㐛ᗐ excessiveness: ~ no undø 㐛ᗐࡡ㐘ິ



extreme exercise kadō n [BOOKISH] ✄ິ [BOOKISH]



operating kadō n ⳱㐠 flower arrangement: ~-kyøshitsu ⳱㐠ᩅᐄ flower



arrangement class(es) kādo n ࣭࢜ࢺ card: messëji-~ ࣒ ࢴࢬ࣭ࢩ࣭࢜ࢺ message card kaede n ࢙࢜ࢸ࣬᳹ maple kaemásu, kaeru v ን࠻ࡱࡌ, ን࠻ࡾ



changes it kaemásu, kaeru v ᥦ࠻>᭨࠻@ࡱࡌ, ᥦ࠻ࡾ>᭨࠻ࡾ@ exchanges,



replaces kaerí n ᖉࡽ (the) return kaerimásu, káeru v ᖉࡽࡱࡌ, ᖉࡾ



kagen



returns it káette adv ༴ࡖ࡙ contrary to expectations kafún n ⰴ⢂ pollen: ~-shø ⰴ⢂⑍ hay fever káfusu n ࢜ࣆࢪ cuff: ~-botan ࢜ࣆ ࢪ࣍ࢰࣤ cuff links kagai n ㄚአ extracurricular: ~-katsudø ㄚአὩິ extracurricular activity kágaku n ⛁Ꮥ = sáiensu ࢦ࢕࢙ࣤ ࢪ science: ~-teki (na) ⛁ᏕⓏ ࡝ scientific; kagáku-sha n ⛁Ꮥ ⩽ scientist kágaku n ໩Ꮥ = bake-gaku ໩ࡄᏕ ࣬໩Ꮥ chemistry: ~-séihin ໩Ꮥ ⿿ဗ chemicals, ~-yakuhin ໩Ꮥ ⷾဗ pharmaceuticals; kagáku-sha n ໩Ꮥ⩽ chemist kagamí n 㙶 mirror: te-~ ᡥ㙶 hand mirror kagamimásu, kagamu v ᑿࡲࡱࡌ, ᑿࡳ bends over kagayakimásu, kagayáku v ㍜ࡀࡱࡌ, ㍜ࡂ shines, gleams, glitters káge n ᙫ shadow: hito-~ ெᙫ shadow of a person, human figure: ~-bø´shi ᙫἪᖅ shadow (of a person) káge n 㝔 shade: ko-~ ᮄ㝔 shade of trees kágeki n ḯ๸ opera kageki (na) adj 㐛⃥࡝ excessive, extreme, radical kagen n ຊ΅ 1. (state of) one’s health (= guai රྙ): o-~ (wa)



goes home, goes back, returns, leaves kaeru n ࢙࢜ࣜ࣬⺮ frog: hikigaeru ࣃ࢙࢞࢝ࣜ toad kaeshimásu, káesu v ㏁ࡊࡱࡌ, ㏁ࡌ ikaga desuka? ࠽ຊ΅ࡢ ࠷࠾ 111



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…-ká-getsu



࠿࡚ࡌ࠾" (to sick person) How are you feeling?, How is your (health) condition? 2. allowance for (= tekagen ᡥຊ΅) 3. degree, extent (= teido ⛤ᗐ): yu-~ …ຊ ΅ hot water temperature: oyu-~



kágura n ♼ᴞ Shinto music and



dances kái n ࢜࢕࣬ㇽ shellfish … kai? interj …࠾࠷? [INFORMAL] = desu ka? ࡚ࡌ࠾㸴 [FORMAL]



(yes-or-no question)



wa ikaga desuka? ࠽…ຊ΅ࡢ࠷ …-kai suffix …㝭 (counts floors/ ࠾࠿࡚ࡌ࠾" How is the water stories) temperature? (for the bath water, …-kái suffix …ᅂ (counts times/



the water to wash customer’s hair in a beauty salon, etc.) 4. adjustment, moderation (= chøsei ㄢᩒ) (→ ii-kagen ࠷࠷ຊ΅) …-ká-getsu suffix …࠾᭮࣬ࣧ᭮࣬ ࢜᭮࣬⟘᭮ (counts months): ik-~ (kan)㸦࠾᭮㛣 (for) one month kagí n 㖃 hook: ~-tsume 㖃ࡗࡴ claw: ~-kakko ࠾ࡁᣋᘴ Japanese quotation marks (ࠔࠕ) kagí n ࢜࢟࣬㘵 key: (… no) ~ ga



occasions) …-kai suffix …ఌ society, asso-



ciation, club; social gathering, party, meeting: (o-)tanjø´bi-~ ࠽ ㄄⏍᪝ఌ birthday party: nomi-~ 㣟ࡲఌ drinking party: en-~ ᐑఌ party, banquet …-kai suffix …ᾇ (name of) sea: Nihon-~ ᪝ᮇᾇ Japan Sea kaibatsu n ᾇᢜ above sea level kaibō n [BOOKISH] ゆ๕ autopsy: kakarimásu ͐ࡡ 㘵࠿࠾࠾ࡽࡱ ~-gaku ゆ๕Ꮥ anatomy ࡌ it locks, (… no) ~ o kakemásu kaibutsu n ᛱ∸ monster ͐ࡡ 㘵ࢅ࠾ࡄࡱࡌ locks it; kaichō n ఌ㛏 chairperson kagi-ana n 㘵✨ keyhole kaichū (no) adj ᠔୯ࡡ pocketkagimásu, kagu v ࠾Ⴁࡁࡱࡌ, Ⴁࡃ (able): ~-déntø ᠔୯㞹⅁ flashsmells it light kágiri n 㝀ࡽ limit kaichū (de/no) adv, adj ᾇ୯࡚ࡡ kagirimásu, kagíru v 㝀ࡽࡱࡌ, 㝀ࡾ in the sea, under the sea limits (delimits) it: … ni ~ …࡞ kaichū n ᅂ⹰ (intestinal) worms 㝀ࡽࡱࡌ there is nothing like (so kaidan n 㝭ṹ stairs, stairway kaidan n ఌㄧ [BOOKISH] (official) good as, better than) … kago n ࠾ࡇ࣬⡪ basket, (bird) meeting: shunø-~ 㤫⬳ఌㄧ cage: tori-~ 㫵࠾ࡇ birdcage summit kágu n ᐓර furniture: ~-tsuki (no) kaidan n ᛱㄧ ghost story, scary apåto ᐓර௛ࡀࡡ ࢓ࣂ࣭ࢹ story furnished apartment(s); kagú-ya n kaidame n ㈑࠷ࡓࡴ hoarding: ~ ᐓරᒁ furniture store shimásu ㈑࠷ࡓࡴࡊࡱࡌ hoards 112



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kaidō n ఌᇸ an auditorium kaidō n ⾜㐠 main road/avenue kaien n 㛜ⁿ starting a performance: ~-chü 㛜ⁿ୯ during the performance; ~-jíkan 㛜ⁿ᫤㛣



kaiki



kaíi adj ࠾࠷࠷ [INFORMAL] = kayúi ࠾ࡹ࠷࣬⑓࠷ (itchy) kai-in n ఌဤ member: ~-sei (no) ఌဤโࡡ membership system,



members-only kaijō n 㛜ሔ [BOOKISH] opening (of curtain time kaifuku n ᅂᚗ recovery, recupera- place/event); ~-jíkan 㛜ሔ᫤㛣 tion opening time; ~´-shiki 㛜ሔᘟ káiga n ⤦⏤ painting, picture opening ceremony káigai n ᾇአ overseas, abroad: kaijō n ఌሔ hall ~-ryokø ᾇአ᪉⾔ overseas travel kaijō (de/no) adv, adj ᾇ୕࡚ࡡ kaigan n ᾇᓃ seashore, coast, on the sea (surface) kaijū n ᛱ⊿ monster: ~-eiga ᛱ⊿ beach: ~-sen ᾇᓃ⥲ shoreline, ᫆⏤ monster film coastline kai-gara n ㇽṾ shell (of shellfish) kaika n 㛜ⰴ flowering káigi n ఌ㆗ meeting, conference kaika n 㝭ୖ downstairs [FORMAL] (= míitingu ࣐࣭ࢷ࢔ࣤ kaikaku n ᨭ㠁 [BOOKISH] reformaࢡ): ~-chü ఌ㆗୯ in conference, tion, reinvention kaikan n ఌ㤃 public hall, building in a meeting; ~-shitsu ఌ㆗ᐄ kaikan n 㛜㤃 [BOOKISH] opening conference room káigun n ᾇ㌯ navy: ~-kichi ᾇ㌯ (a hall) ᇱᆀ navy base kaikan n ᛄវ [BOOKISH] pleasure, kaigyō n 㛜ᴏ [BOOKISH] opening a pleasant feeling: ~ o ajiwaimásu/ business: ~ shimásu 㛜ᴏࡊࡱࡌ oboemásu ᛄវࢅ࿝ࢂ࠷ࡱࡌつ ࠻ࡱࡌ feels pleasure opens a business kaihatsu n 㛜Ⓠ [BOOKISH] develop- kaikei n ఌ゛ 1. o-~ ࠽ఌ゛ ment; kenkyū-kaihatsu n ◂✪㛜Ⓠ accounts; bill, check (= o-kanjø research and development, R&D ࠽ືᏽ 2. accountant (= ~-gákaiheitai n ᾇඹ㝪 marines, Marine kari ఌ゛౿, ~-shi ఌ゛ኃ kaiken n ఌず [BOOKISH] interview: Corps kaihi n ఌ㈕ membership fee, dues: kisha-~ エ⩽ఌず press confernen-~ ᖳఌ㈕ annual membership ence fee kaiketsu n ゆỬ [BOOKISH] solution, kaihō n ゆᨲ [BOOKISH] liberation settlement kaihō n 㛜ᨲ [BOOKISH] open: kaiki n ᅂᖉ [BOOKISH] revolution, ~ shimásu 㛜ᨲࡊࡱࡌ opens, recurrence, retouring: kita-~-sen leaves open (windows, doors, etc.) ໪ᅂᖉ⥲ the Tropic of Cancer: 113



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káiko



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



minami-~-sen ༞ᅂᖉ⥲ the



punching/collecting: ~-guchi ᨭ ᮈཾ (ticket) wicket Tropic of Capricorn kaíko n ゆ㞘 [BOOKISH] dismissal kaisei n ᨭḿ [BOOKISH] revision kaisei n ᛄᬍ clear and fine weather (from employment), discharge káiko n ⺃ silkworm kaiseki (ryōri) n ᠔▴ᩩ⌦ an askaikyaku n 㛜⬦ legs spread sortment of elegant ceremonial(exercise) type Japanese foods, Japanese kaikyo n ᛄᣪ remarkable/wonder- foods in season ful achievement: ~ o nashitoge- kaisetsu n ゆㄕ explanation, másu ᛄᣪࢅᠺࡊ㐑ࡅࡱࡌ has comment; nyü´su ~ ࢼ࣭ࣖࢪゆ ㄕ news commentary; kaisétsu-sha great accomplishments kaikyō n ᾇᓒ strait(s) n ゆㄕ⩽ commentator kaikyō n ᅂᩅ Islam (= Isuramu- kaisha n ఌ♣ company, business kyø ࢕ࢪ࣑ࣚᩅ) concern; “the office” (= kígyø kaikyū n 㝭⣥ class, rank: chüryü-~ ௺ᴏ): ~-in ఌ♣ဤ company ୯Ὦ㝭⣥ the middle class employee (= sha-in ♣ဤ, sarakaimásu, kau v ㈑࠷ࡱࡌ, ㈑࠹ buys rii-man ࢦ࣭࣏ࣚࣛࣤ kaimásu, káu v 㣣࠷ࡱࡌ, 㣣࠹raises, káishaku n ゆ㔐 [BOOKISH] interkeeps (pets, farm animals, etc.) pretation, explanation, exposition kaimen n ᾇ⥝ sponge kaisho n ᴘ᭡ block-style letter kai-mono n ㈑࠷∸ shopping (of Japanese): ~-tai ᴘ᭡మ kaioki n ㈑࠷⨠ࡀ 1. things printed style/square of writing bought in for the future, hoarded Chinese characters kaisō n ᾇ⸬࣬ᾇⲙ seaweed things 2. hoarding kaiō-sei n ᾇ⋜᫅ Neptune kaisō n ᅂ㏞ 1. forwarding (mail kairaku n ᛄᴞ pleasure matter, letter, etc.) 2. deadhead kairi n [BOOKISH] ゆ㞫 disaggrega- (an empty car, etc.): ~-sha ᅂ㏞ ㌬ a car out of service, an offtion, dissociation kairi n ᾇ㔓 nautical mile duty taxi; ~-ressha ᅂ㏞า㌬ kairyō n [BOOKISH] ᨭⰃ improve- deadhead train kaisō n ᅂ᝷: recollection; kaisō ment, modification kairyū n ᾇὮ ocean current shiin n ᅂ᝷ࢨ࣭ࣤ retrospective scene kaisai n 㛜ത [BOOKISH] holding, kaisū n ᅂᩐ the number of times; opening (an event) kaisan shimásu (suru) v ゆᩋࡊࡱࡌ kaisū´-ken n ᅂᩐไ ticket book ࡌࡾ breaks up, disperses (for commuting), coupon ticket kaisatsu n ᨭᮈ ticket examining/ kaisui n ᾇỀ seawater; kaisui-yoku 114



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kake-búton



n ᾇỀᾆ sea bathing: ~-yoku o under one’s arm: atama o ~ 㢄ࢅ ᢢ࠻ࡱࡌ tears one’s hair out 2. shimásu ᾇỀᾆࢅࡊࡱࡌ has a bath in the sea keeps, retains, has; employs: kai-te n ㈑࠷ᡥ buyer takusan no shain o kakaete kaitei n ᨭゖ revision (of documents, imásu ࡒࡂࡈࢆࡡ♣ဤࢅᢢ࠻࡙ ࠷ࡱࡌ has a lot of employees books, etc.): ~-ban ᨭゖ∟ 3. has family to support/take care revised version kaitei n ᾇᗇ bottom of the sea of (sick person(s), child(ren), kaiteki (na) adj ᛄ㐲࡝ comfort- etc.): byønin o ka-kaete imásu ⑋ெࢅᢢ࠻࡙࠷ࡱࡌ has a sick able, peasant kaiten n ᅂ㌷ revolution, rotation person in one’s family 4. has kaiten n 㛜ᗉ opening a shop (for a problem/problems: shakkin o kakaete imásu ೇ㔘ࢅᢢ࠻࡙࠷ the first time or for the day) kaitō n ゆ➽ answer ࡱࡌ has debts kaitō n ᅂ➽ reply kakaku n ౮᰹ price: ~-kyøsø ౮᰹ kai-torimásu, kai-tóru v ㈑࠷ཱིࡽࡱࡌ, ❿ண price competition ㈑࠷ཱིࡾ buys up kakan (ni) adv ᯕᩊ࡞ boldly, kaiun n 㛜㐘 fortune, good-luck decisively: ~ ni tatakaimásu ᯕ kaiwa n ఌヨ conversation ᩊ࡞ᡋ࠷ࡱࡌ fights with valor kaizen n ᨭၻ improvement kákari n ౿ = ~-in ౿ဤ attendant kaizoku n ᾇ㈣ pirate: ~-ban ᾇ㈣ (in charge) ∟ pirated edition kakarimásu, kakáru v ᤻࠾ࡽࡱࡌ, káji n ℾ஥ a fire (accidental): ᤻࠾ࡾ 1. it hangs 2. it takes, Káji da! ℾ஥ࡓ Fire! requires 3. it weighs 4. it begins, káji n ⯞ helm: ~ o torimásu ⯞ࢅ (engine) starts ࡛ࡽࡱࡌ takes the helm, steers kakarimásu, kakáru v ᯣ࠾ࡽࡱࡌ, káji n ᐓ஥ housework: ~-tetsudai ᯣ࠾ࡾ is built ᐓ஥ᡥఎ࠷ housework helper kakashi n ࢜࢜ࢨ࣬᱄ᒜᏄ scarecrow kájiki n ࢜ࢩ࢞ swordfish kakato n ㋎ heel: ~ no takai kutsu kajirimásu, kajíru v ࠾ࡋࡽࡱࡌ, ࠾ ㋎ࡡ㧏࠷㠈 high-heeled shoes ࡋࡾ gnaws, nibbles kake n Ḗࡄ lacking, a lack, wane: kajō n 㐛๨ glut, surplus, excess: tsuki no michi-~ ᭮ࡡ‫ࡔ‮‬Ḗࡄ wax and wane of the moon ~ (no) 㐛๨ࡡ superfluous, kaké n ᤻ࡄ credit: ~ de kaimásu surplus: ~-hannø 㐛๨ཬᚺ ᤻ࡄ࡚㈑࠷ࡱࡌ buys on credit overreaction, overresponse kakaemásu, kakaéru v ᢢ࠻ࡱࡌ, ᢢ kake-búton n ᤻ࡄᕱᅆ overquilt, ࠻ࡾ 1. holds in one’s arms/ top quilt 115



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kakegoe



kakegoe n ᤻ࡄኇ shout of encouragement: ~ o kakemásu ᤻ࡄኇ ࢅ࠾ࡄࡱࡌ shouts encouragement kaké (goto) n ㈻ࡄ஥ gambling;



káki n ࢜࢞࣬∳⽻ oyster káki n ୖエ the following: ~ no tøri ୖエࡡ㏳ࡽ as follows, as



below



káki n ⰴჹ flower vase kakehiki n 㥉ࡄᘤࡀ tactics, barkáki n ኚ᭿ summer (period/term): gaining: ~ ga umai 㥉ࡄᘤࡀ࠿୕ ~-kyükå ኚᏒఆᬜ summer ᡥ࠷ is good at bargaining holiday: ~-orinpikku ኚᏒ࢛ࣛࣤ kakei n ᐓ゛ household budget: ࣅࢴࢠ Olympic Summer Games ~-bo ᐓ゛⡑ housekeeping book kaki n ℾẴ [BOOKISH] fire, flame: kakei n ᐓ⣌ one’s family line: ~-zu Kaki-genkin ℾẴཚ⚏ No Fire, ᐓ⣌ᅒ a family tree (= keizu Flammables ⣌ᅒ) kakiage n ࠾ࡀᥥࡅ a tangle of tidkakéji n ᤻ࡄᏊ = kaké-jiku ᤻ࡄ㍀, bits fried as tenpura, fritters kaki-atsumemásu, kaki-atsuméru v ࠾ scroll (hanging) kakemásu, kakéru v ᤻ࡄࡱࡌ, ᤻ࡄ ࡀ㞗ࡴࡱࡌ, ࠾ࡀ㞗ࡴࡾ rakes ࡾ hangs it; multiplies; begins it: (them up) … ni denwa o ~ …࡞㞹ヨࢅ᤻ࡄ kaki-iremásu, kaki-iréru v ᭡ࡀථࡿ ࡱࡌ telephones; énjin o ~ ࢙ࣤ ࡱࡌ, ᭡ࡀථࡿࡾ fills in ࢩࣤࢅ᤻ࡄࡱࡌ starts (engine) (information) kakemásu, kakéru v Ḗࡄࡱࡌ, ࠾ࡄ kaki-kaemásu, kaki-kaéru v ᭡ࡀᥦ࠻ ࡾ࣬Ḗࡄࡾ lacks it, needs ࡱࡌ, ᭡ࡀᥦ࠻ࡾ rewrites kakemásu, kakéru v ㈻ࡄࡱࡌ, ㈻ࡄ kaki-kata n ᭡ࡀ᪁ way of writing; ࡾ bets spelling kakemásu, kakéru v 㥉ࡄࡱࡌ, ࣬㥉 kakimásu, káku v Ḗࡀࡱࡌ, Ḗࡂ it ࡄࡾ runs, gallops (human, animal) lacks, it is lacking/wanting kaké-mono n ᤻ࡄ∸ scroll (hang- kakimásu, káku v ᭡ࡀࡱࡌ, ᭡ࡂ ing) (= kaké-jiku ᤻ࡄ㍀ writes kakera n ࢜ࢢࣚ࣬Ḗ∞ fragment kakimásu, káku v ᥝࡀࡱࡌ, ᥝࡂ kákete v … ni ~ …࡞࠾ࡄ࡙ (expaints, draws: e o ~ ⤦ࢅᥝࡀࡱ ࡌ draws a picture (= egakimásu tending) through, with respect ᥝࡀࡱࡌ) to, as regards kake-uri v ᤻ࡄ኉ࡽ credit sales kakimásu, káku v ᥑࡀࡱࡌ, ᥑࡂ (= uri-kake ኉ࡽ᤻ࡄ scratches: senaka o ~ ⫴୯ࢅᥑࡀ kaké-ya n ㈻ࡄᒁ bookie ࡱࡌ scratches one’s back kaké-zan n ᤻ࡄ⟤ multiplication kaki-mawashimásu, kaki-mawasu v kaki n ࢜࢞࣬ᰘ (fruits) persimmon ࠾ࡀᅂࡊࡱࡌ, ࠾ࡀᅂࡌ stirs



a bet



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kaki-naoshimásu, kaki-naósu v ᭡ࡀ├ ࡊࡱࡌ, ᭡ࡀ├ࡌ rewrites kakíne n ࠾ࡀ᰷࣬ᇄ᰷ fence kakitome (yūbin) n ᭡⏻㒉౼



registered mail kakitori n ᭡ࡀཱིࡽ dictation kakki n ὩẴ liveliness, activity kakko n ᣋᘴ parenthesis, square



bracket, brace



kakudia



article(s) (= koramu ࢤ࣑ࣚ) kakomimásu, kakomu v ᅑࡲࡱࡌ, ᅑࡳ surrounds (= tori-kakomimásu ཱིࡽᅑࡲࡱࡌ) kakon n ⚕᰷ the source of trouble, the root of evil: ~ o tachimásu ⚕ ᰷ࢅ᩷ࡔࡱࡌ removes the root of an evil káku n ぽ corner: san-kaku(kei)/ san-kakkei ୔ぽᙟ triangle;



kakkō n 1. ᰹ይ shape, form, shikakú(kei)/shikakkei ᄿぽᙟ appearance: ~ ga íi ᰹ይ࠿࠷࠷ = ~ ii ࠾ࡖࡆ࠷࠷ shapely, cool, square stylish 2. ~ (na/no) ᰹ይ࡝ࡡ káku (do) n ぽᗐ angle: chok-~ ├ぽ right angle; ei~ 㗞ぽ acute suitable, moderate, reasonable



(price)



angle



kákkō n ࢜ࢴࢤࢗ cuckoo káku n ᰶ core, heart, stone: chü-~ káko n 㐛ཡ the past; kako-kei n 㐛 ୯ᰶ (central) core; kaku-heiki n ཡᙟ the past tense; kako-kanryō ᰶඹჹ nuclear weapon; káku (no) n 㐛ཡᏰ஡ the past perfect: ~ n ᰶࡡ nucleus, nuclear kanryø-kei 㐛ཡᏰ஡ᙟ the past káku(-) prefix ྘… each, every; kakú-eki n ྘㥈 every station: perfect tense kakō n ຊᕝ [BOOKISH] processing ~-téisha/ressha ྘㥈ೳ㌬า㌬



(industrially treating)



local train (which stops at every station); kaku-ron n ྘ㄵ each detail: ~ ni hairimásu ྘ㄵ࡞ථ ࡽࡱࡌ gets down into specifics; …káku suffix つ sense (five senses): shi-~ ちつ sense of sight: chø-~ ⫀つ sense of hearing: mi-~ ࿝つ sense of taste: shü-~ Ⴁつ sense of smell: shok-~ よつ sense of touch harsh working conditions kakū (no) adj ᯣ✭ࡡ imaginary: …-kákoku suffix …࠾ᅗ࣬ࣧᅗ࣬࢜ ~ no sekai ᯣ✭ࡡୠ⏲ imaginary ᅗ(counts countries) world: ~ no jinbutsu ᯣ✭ࡡெ∸ kakomi n ᅑࡲ an enclosure, a box: fictional character ~-kiji ᅑࡲエ஥ column, boxed kakudai n ᣉኬ enlargement 117 kakō n ୖ㜾 [BOOKISH] descent kakō n ἑཾ estuary kakō n ℾཾ crater (= kurëtå ࢠࣝ ࣭ࢰ࣭) kakō´-gan n ⰴᓮᒷ granite kakoku n [BOOKISH] 㐛㓖 too severe, harsh: ~ na kankyø 㐛㓖 ࡝⎌ሾ harsh environment: ~ na rødø-jøken 㐛㓖࡝ຘ഼᮪௲



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kakudan (ni/no)



kakudan (ni/no) adv, adj ᰹ṹ࡞ ࡡ remarkably, remarkable kakugen n ᰹ゕ maxim, wise



saying kákugo n つ᜽ resolution, resignation, premeditation: ~ shimásu つ᜽ࡊࡱࡌ, ~ o kimemásu つ᜽ ࢅỬࡴࡱࡌ is resolved (to do), is



prepared for, is resigned to kakuheki n 㝰ባ [BOOKISH] division



wall, partition kakuho n ☔ಕ [BOOKISH] securement, saving: seki no ~ ᖆࡡ☔ಕ



grabbing a seat



kakuritsu n ☔❟ establishment kakuritsu n ☔⋙ probability kakusei n つ㓨 [BOOKISH] awakening, emergence; kakusei-zai n つ 㓨๠ stimulant drug kakuséi-ki n ᣉኇჹ loudspeaker kakushimásu, kakúsú v 㝻ࡊࡱࡌ, 㝻ࡌ hides (something) kakushin n ᰶᚨ core, heart (= káku ᰶ): ~ ni furemásu ᰶᚨ࡞ よࡿࡱࡌ touches the core of… kakutei n ☔ᏽ determination, ~, settlement; kakutei-shinkoku ☔ᏽ⏞ ࿈ final income tax return kákuteru n ࢜ࢠࢷࣜ cocktail: ~-påtii ࢜ࢠࢷࣜࣂ࣭ࢷ࢔ cocktail



kakujitsu n ☔ᐁ certainly; ~ (na) ☔ᐁ࡝ certain, reliable, authentic (= tashika na ☔࠾࡝) party kakumaimasu, kakumau v [BOOKISH] kakutō n ᰹㜒 fight; kakutō-gi n ᰹ ༌࠷ࡱࡌ, ༌࠹ harbors, shelters: 㜒ᢇ martial art hannin o ~ ≚ெࢅ༌࠷ࡱࡌ kakutō n ☔➽ [BOOKISH] definite



harbors a criminal kakumaku n ぽ⭯ cornea kakumaku n 㝰⭯ diaphragm kakumei n 㠁࿤ [BOOKISH] revolu-



tion (political, etc.) kakunin n ☔ヾ confirmation kakuran n ࠾ࡂ஗ [BOOKISH]



disturbance



answer kakutoku n [BOOKISH] ⋋ᚋ



[BOOKISH] acquisition, gain kakuyasu n ᰹Ꮽ bargain, discount: ~-køküken ᰹Ꮽ⯗✭ไ discount-



ed airline ticket kakuzai n ぽᮞ block of wood kakuzuke n [BOOKISH] ᰹௛ࡄ



kakurega n 㝻ࡿᐓ asylum, shelter, rating, grading kakyū (no) adj ୖ⣥ࡡ low-class: refuge kakuremásu, kakuréru v 㝻ࡿࡱࡌ, kakyüsei ୖ⣥⏍ underclassman 㝻ࡿࡾ hides: kakurenbo, kamá n ࠾ࡱ࣬❌ oven, kiln kakurenbø ࠾ࡂࡿࢆ࡯, 㝻ࡿࢆ kamá n ࠾ࡱ࣬㔡 (Japanese style) ᆎ hide-and-seek kettle, iron pot, cauldron, boiler: kakuri n 㝰㞫 [BOOKISH] isolation; onaji ~ no meshi o taberu ྜྷࡋ㔡 kakuri-byō´tō´ 㝰㞫⑋Ჯ isolation ࡡ㣜ࢅ㣏࡬ࡾ eats from the same ward bowl → kamameshi 㔡㣜



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káma n 㙂 sickle kamaboko n ࠾ࡱ࡯ࡆ࣏࣬࢜࣍ࢤ



steamed fish cake kamachí n ᱃ frame, rail kamado n ࠾ࡱ࡜ (Japanese tradi-



kán



altar (Shinto); kámi-sama n ♼ᵕ God, gods, Dear Lord kamimásu, kamu v ࠾ࡲࡱࡌ, ࠾ࡳ blows (one’s nose) kamimásu, kámu v ჱࡲࡱࡌ, ჱࡳ chews, bites: (füsen) gamu o ~ 㢴⯢ ࣑࢝ࢅჱࡲࡱࡌ chews (bubble) gum: shita o kamisø na kotoba ⯁ࢅ࠾ࡲࡐ࠹࡝ゕⴝ a jawbreaker kaminárí n ࠾ࡲ࡝ࡽ࣐࣬࢜ࢻࣛ࣬㞶 thunder, thunderstorm: ~ ga narimásu 㞶࠿㫾ࡽࡱࡌ it thunders kamí (no ke) n 㧝ࡡẗ hair (on head): ~ (no ke) o araimásu 㧝 ࡡẗ ࢅὑ࠷ࡱࡌ shampoos kami-san n ࠾ࡲࡈࢆ [INFORMAL] my wife kamisórí n ้ภ razor: ~ no ha ้ ภࡡร razor blade kami-tsukimásu, kami-tsuku v ჱࡲࡗ ࡀࡱࡌ, ჱࡲࡗࡂ bites kámo n ࣓࢜࣬㬖 wild duck kámo n ࠾ࡵ࣓࣬࢜ dupe, sucker kamoku n ⛁┘ subject, course (in school): hisshü-~ ᚪಞ⛁┘ required course/subject kamome n ࣓࣒࢜࣬㬉 seagull … kámo (shiremasén/shirenai) suffix, v …࠾ࡵࡊࡿࡱࡎࢆࡊࡿ࡝࠷ = maybe …, perhaps … kán n ⧹ can → kan-zúmé (no …) ⧹ ョࡡ… ; kan-biiru ⧹ࣄ࣭ࣜ canned beer: kan-kírí ⧹วࡽ can opener kán n ⇣ heating rice wine: ~ o



tional) kitchen range, stove; oven; furnace kamaimasén, kamawánai v ᵋ࠷ࡱࡎ ࢆ, ᵋࢂ࡝࠷ it makes no difference; never mind; not to bother, it’s o.k. kamakiri n ࣏࢜࢞ࣛ praying mantis kamameshi n 㔡㣜 (cooked) rice (with chicken, crab, or shrimp) served in a clay pot kamasú v ࣏࢜ࢪ barracuda, saurypike kamé n ⎴ jar (with large mouth) káme n ࣒࢜࣬ஞ tortoise, turtle kamei n ௫ྞ an assumed name; a temporary/tentative name kamei n ຊ┍ affiliation kamei n ᐓྞ family name kamen n ௫㟻 mask kámera n ࣒࢜ࣚ camera: dejitaru-~ ࢸࢩࢰ࣒ࣜ࢜ࣚ digital camera: bideo-~ ࣄࢸ࢛࣒࢜ࣚ video camera kamí n ⣤ paper; kami-básami n ⣤ ࡣࡈࡲ file folder; file; paperclip; kami-búkuro n ⣤⾼ paper bag; kamihikōki n ⣤㣍⾔ᶭ paper airplane; kami-kúzu n ⣤ࡂࡍ wastepaper kámi n ♼ 1. God, gods (= kámisama ♼ᵕ 2. divinity (= shinsei tsukemásu/shimásu ⇣ࢅࡗࡄࡱ ♼ᛮ); kami-dana n ♼Წ household ࡌࡊࡱࡌ warms the saké 119



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kán



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



kán n ⟮ tube, pipe, duct: suidø-~ Ề㐠⟮ water pipe: kek-~ ⾉⟮



ྑ࠷ࡱࡌ a desire is realized (fulfilled): yume ga ~ ከ࠿ྑ࠷ࡱ ࡌ a dream comes true blood vessel kán n ᕬ volume (books, tapes): kanamono n 㔘∸ hardware: ~-ya (dai) ik-~ ➠ ୌᕬ vol. 1 㔘∸ᒁ hardware store …´-kan suffix …㛣 for the interval kanarazu adv ᚪࡍ for sure; necesof; between sity; inevitably …´-kan suffix …វ feeling, sense: kánari adv ࠾࡝ࡽ fairly, rather dai-rok-~ ➠ඵវ sixth sense: kanaria n ࢜ࢻࣛ࢓ canary shok-~ よវ tactile (sensation): kanashii adj ᝊࡊ࠷ sad shok-~ 㣏វ food texture kanashimi n ᝊࡊࡲ sadness kana n ࠾࡝ kana (Japanese syl- kanashimimásu, kanashimu v ᝊࡊࡲ labic writing) → furi-gana ࡨࡽ࠿ ࡱࡌ, ᝊࡊࡳ to be sad kanazuchi n ࠾࡝ࡘࡔ࣬࢜ࢻࢶࢲ ࡝࣬ࣆࣛ࢝ࢻ …ka na/ne interj …࠾࡝࠾ࡠ ࣬㔘ᵌ 1. hammer 2. a person I wonder/whether (= deshø ka who cannot swim ࡚ࡊࡺ࠹࠾) kanban n ┫ᯀ 1. signboard, sign Kánada n ࢜ࢻࢱ Canada; Kanadá-jin 2. (diner, pub) closing time; kanban-musume n ┫ᯀፃ beautiful n ࢜ࢻࢱெ a Canadian kánai n ᐓහ 1. my wife 2. one’s lady who attracts consumers/ family: ~-anzen ᐓහᏭධ wellcustomers; kanban-yakusha n ┫ᯀ ᙲ⩽ star actor being/safety of one’s family: ~-køgyø ᐓහᕝᴏ cottage industry kanbasu n ࢜ࣤࣁࢪ canvas kanaimásu, kanáu v 㐲࠷ࡱࡌ, 㐲࠹ kanbatsu n ࠾ࢆࡣࡗ࣬ᖱࡣࡗ accords/agrees (with): døri ni ~ drought (= hideri ࡥ࡚ࡽ࣬᪝↯ࡽ) 㐠⌦࡞࠾࡝࠷ࡱࡌ it stands to kanben (na) n, adj ⠾౼࡝ conreason; mokuteki ni ~ ┘Ⓩ࡞࠾ venience, convenient, simple ࡝࠷ࡱࡌ it serves the purpose and easy kanaimásu, kanáu v ᩓ࠷ࡱࡌ, ᩓ࠹ kanben shitekudasai interj ືᘒࡊ࡙ ୖࡈ࠷ Please give me a break is a match (for), matches, is kanbi n Ᏸങ full equipment equal (to): aité ni kanaimasén ┞ᡥ࡞ᩓ࠷ࡱࡎࢆ is no match kanbi (na) adj ⏉⨶࡝ sweet, for the opponent luscious, dulcet: ~ kajitsu ⏉⨶ kanaimásu, kanáu v ྑ࠷ࡱࡌ, ྑ࠹ ࡝ᯕᐁ sweet fruit: ~ merodii ⏉ ⨶࡝࣒ࣞࢸ࢔࣭ dulcet melody (= dekimásu ࡚ࡀࡱࡌ) is accomplished, attained, realized, kanbu n ᝀ㒂 [BOOKISH] diseased part, affected area achieved: nozomi ga ~ ᭻ࡲ࠿ 120



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kanja



kanbu n ᖷ㒂 [BOOKISH] executive temple, etc.): joya no ~ 㝎እࡡ㚕 kanbun n ₆ᩝ Chinese classics the bells on New Year’s Eve kanbutsu n ஜ∸ dry food … ka ne interj …࠾ࡠ (mostly kanbō n វා [BOOKISH] common male. INFORMAL) = … ka ne/na cold: ryükøsei-~ Ὦ⾔ᛮវා …࠾ࡠ࠾࡝ (I wonder/whether) influenza (= infuruénza ࢕ࣤࣆ kane-bako n 㔘⟵ 1. cashbox, ࢙ࣜࣤࢧ) money box (= zeni-bako 㖱⟵) kanbō n ᏻᡛ [BOOKISH] Secre2. patron, gold mine, money-



tariat



maker, cash cow



kanbō n ┐ᡛ [BOOKISH] ward, jail kanemásu, kanéru v ඾ࡠࡱࡌ, ඾ࡠ ࡾ combines, unites; dually/concell kanbojia n ࢜ࣤ࣍ࢩ࢓ Cambodia; currently serves as Kanbojia-go n ࢜ࣤ࣍ࢩ࢓ㄊ Cam- kanemóchí (no) adj 㔘ᣚࡔࡡ rich bodian (language); Kanbojia-jin n (wealthy) ࢜ࣤ࣍ࢩ࢓ெ a Cambodian kan’en n ⫚ⅎ hepatitis kanboku n ₜ>Ⅎ@ᮄ bush kānēshon n ࣭࢜ࢾ࣭ࢨࣘࣤ carnakanbotsu n 㝏Ἀ [BOOKISH] subsid- tion(s): haha-no-hi ni okuru ~ ẍ ࡡ᪝࡞㉏ࡾ࣭࢜ࢾ࣭ࢨࣘࣤ carnaence, cave-in, sinking kanbyō n ┫⑋ nursing tions gifted for Mother’s Day kanchi n វ▩ appreciation, sense kanetsu n ຊ⇍ heat, heating; kanchi n Ᏸ἖ [BOOKISH] complete kanetsu-ki n ຊ⇍ჹ heater kangáe ⩻࠻ n thought, idea, cure kanchō n ύ⭘ enema opinion kánchō n ⯼㛏 captain (of warship) kangaemásu, kangáeru v ⩻࠻ࡱࡌ, kánchō n ᏻᖿ government office ⩻࠻ࡾ thinks, considers kanchō n ᖱ₳ ebb, low tide kangei n Ḵ㎼ welcome (= kantai kandai (na) adj ᐰኬ࡝ generous, Ḵᙽ); kangei-kai n Ḵ㎼ఌ lenient: ~ na hito ᐰኬ࡝ெ broad- reception (welcome party) minded person: ~ na kokoro ᐰ kangeki n វ⃥ (strong) emotion ኬ࡝ᚨ generous heart, big heart (feeling) (= kandø វິ kandán-kei n ᐨᬦ゛ (room) ther- kango n ₆ㄊ Chinese word/



mometer kandō n វິ (strong) emotion,



(deep) feeling kane n 㔘 1. money 2. metal (= kinzoku 㔘ᒌ) kane n 㚕 large bell (of church,



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vocabulary (in Japanese) kángo n ┫㆜ nursing (a patient); kangó-shi n ┫㆜ᖅ a nurse kani n ࢜ࢼ࣬⽛ crab kānibaru n ࣭࢜ࢼࣁࣜ carnival kanja n ᝀ⩽ (medical) patient



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kanji



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



kanji n ₆Ꮚ a Chinese character



kankyō n ⎌ሾ environment: (symbol), kanji ~-osen ⎌ሾỗ᯹ environmental kanji n វࡋ feeling (= kankaku pollution; ~-hogo ⎌ሾಕ㆜ វつ): konna-~ (de/no) ࡆࢆ࡝វ environmental protection ࡋ࡚ࡡ like this: sonna/anna- Kankyō-shō n ⎌ሾ┤ Ministry of ~ (de/no) ࡐࢆ࡝࠵ࢆ࡝វࡋ࡚ the Environment (MOE) ࡡ like that kanmatsu n ᕬᮆ end of a book kan-jimásu, kan-jiru v វࡋࡱࡌ, វ kanmi n ⏉࿝ sweetness: ~-ryø ⏉ ࡋࡾ feels ࿝ᩩ sweetening kanjō n វ᝗ emotion kanna n ࠾ࢆ࡝࣬࢜ࣤࢻ plane kanjō n ⎌≟ [BOOKISH] loop (tool) kannai (de/ni) adv ⟮හ࡚࡞ (shape): ~ (no) ⎌≟ࡡ ringshaped, circular; ~-sen ⎌≟⥲ within the jurisdiction kannai (de/ni) adv 㤃හ࡚࡞ loop/belt line kanjō´ n ືᏽ bill, check, account; inside the building: ~-tsuå 㤃හ kanjō-gákari ືᏽ౿ cashier ࢵ࢓࣭ guided tour of the kankaku n វつ sense, sensibility, building kannen n びᛍ 1. idea (Platonism) feeling, sensation kankaku n 㛣㝰 space, interval (of 2. concept, conception 3. giving time, space) up 4. meditation (Buddhism) kankei n 㛭౿ connection, relation- kannin n ሎᚰ [BOOKISH] patience: ship, interest, concern, relevance: ~ shitekudasai ሎᚰࡊ࡙ୖࡈ࠷ … no ~-sha … ࡡ㛭౿⩽ the peo- Please forgive me.: ~-bukuro no o ga kireru ሎᚰ⾼ࡡ⥬࠿วࡿࡾ ple/ authorities concerned with runs out of patience …, the … people kánki n ᥦẴ ventilation: ~-sen ᥦ kanningu n ࢜ࣤࢼࣤࢡ (during Ẵᡢ ventilator examination, test, etc.) cheating; kankō n びක sightseeing, tour: kanningu-pēpā n ࢜ࣤࢼࣤࢡ࣭࣋ࣂ ~-básu びකࣁࢪ sightseeing bus; ࣭ crib note ~-réssha びකา㌬ sightseeing kannō n Ᏸ⣙ [BOOKISH] full paytrain; kankō´-kyaku n びකᐂ ment kannō n វᚺ [BOOKISH] response, tourist, sightseer participation Kánkoku n 㡉ᅗ South Korea; Kankoku-go n 㡉ᅗㄊ Korean kannō teki (na) adj ᏻ⬗Ⓩ࡝ (language); Kankokú-jin n 㡉ᅗெ sensual, erotic kannúki n ࠾ࢆ࡟ࡀ bolt (of door) a Korean kankyaku n びᐂ audience, spectator kánnushi n ♼୹ priest (Shinto) 122



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káno-jo pron ᙴዥ she/her; girl-



friend, mistress kanō (na) adj ྊ⬗࡝ possible: ~-sei ྊ⬗ᛮ possibility kanpa n ࢜ࣤࣂ fund-raising



kanshō



sha n ⟮⌦⩽ administrator kanroku n ㈇⚐ presence (= igen ጸཚ): ~ ga arimásu ㈇⚐࠿࠵ࡽ ࡱࡌ has a presence kansai-chihō n 㛭けᆀ᪁ the Kansai



campaign



area of Japan (Kyoto, Osaka, Kobe, Nara, Shiga, Hyogo, Wakayama prefecture etc.) kansatsu n びᐳ [BOOKISH] observation, watching; kansatsú-sha n びᐳ⩽ observer kansatsu n ┐ᐳ [BOOKISH] inspecperfection, perfect tion; kansatsú-kan n ┐ᐳᏻ inkanpi n ᏻ㈕ government expense, spector kansatsu n 㚯ᮈ [BOOKISH] license government expenditure kanpō n ᏻሒ gazette (tag): inú no ~ ≗ࡡ㚯ᮈ a dog(kanpō (yaku) n ₆᪁ⷾ Chinese license) tag kansei n Ᏸᠺ completion, permedicine kanpu n 㑇௛ refund: ~-kin 㑇௛㔘 fection kansetsu n 㛭⟿ joint (of two tax refund kanpū n ᐨ㢴 cold wind bones): (shu)shi-~ ᡥ ᣞ㛭⟿ kanpū n Ᏸᑌ shut-out: ~-jiai Ᏸᑌ knuckle: ~-en 㛭⟿ⅎ arthritis ムྙ shutout game kansetsu (no) adj 㛣᥃ࡡ indirect; kanpuku n វ᭱ admiration (= kan- kansetsu(-teki) ni adj 㛣᥃Ⓩ ࡞ shin វᚨ, kantan វႿ) indirectly kanpyō´ n ࢜ࣤࣅࣘࢗ dried gourd kánsha n វㅨ thanks, gratitude; kansha-sai n វㅨ⚅ Thanksgiving strips, dried ground shavings kanrán-seki n びぬᖆ grandstand kan-shimásu (-súru) v 㛭ࡊࡱࡌ re(seats) lates (to), concerns, is connected kanren n 㛭㏻ relevance (= kankei (with): … ni kánshite …࡞㛭ࡊ࡙ 㛭౿ : (… ni) ~ shimásu …࡞ concerning, as regards, with 㛭㏻ࡊࡱࡌ is relevant (to), is respect to … connected (with) kanshin n 㛭ᚨ concern, interest kánri n ⟮⌦ control (= kontorøru (= kyømi ⮾࿝): ~ ga arimásu 㛭 ࢤࣤࢹ࣭ࣞࣜ); kanri-nin n ⟮⌦ெ ᚨ࠿࠵ࡽࡱࡌ is interested in kanshin n វᚨ admiration custodian, janitor, manager, landlord (rental manager); kanri- kanshō n ᖱῦ interference, 123 kanpai n ஜ᮴ a toast, “bottoms up”: Kanpai! ஜ᮴ Cheers! kanpai n Ᏸᩃ complete defeat kanpán n ⏝ᯀ deck (of ship) kanpan n ஜࣂࣤ hardtack kanpeki (na) n, adj Ᏸ⎅࡝



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kanshō



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



meddling: ~ shinai de kudasai overseer, manager, director; eigaᖱῦࡊ࡝࠷࡚ୖࡈ࠷ Please stay kantoku n ᫆⏤┐╡ film director kantō´shi n 㛣ᢖペ interjection away from me., Please stay kanzei n 㛭⛧ customs duty (tariff) out of it. kanshō n 㚯㈱ [BOOKISH] apprekanzen n Ᏸධ perfection, comciation (art, work, music) pleteness: ~ ni Ᏸධ࡞ completely kanshō n び㈱ [BOOKISH] admira- kanzō n ⫚⮒ liver tion, enjoyment: ~-shokubutsu kan-zúmé (no …) adj ⧹ョࡡ… び㈱᳔∸ ornamental plant 1. canned (food), can, tin 2. confine kansoku n びῼ observation; oneself: hoteru ni ~ ni natte kiji opinion (= íken ណず): hoshi no ~ o kakimásu ࣌ࢷࣜ࡞⧹ョ࡞࡝ ᫅ࡡびῼ observation of the stars ࡖ࡙エ஥ࢅ᭡ࡀࡱࡌ confines kansō n វ᝷ impression: dokusho oneself to a hotel room to write ~-bun ㄖ᭡វ᝷ᩝ book report articles kao n 㢞 face; looks, a look: … (at school) kansō n ஜ⇩ dryness; kansō-ki n (no) ~ o shite imásu … ࡡ 㢞ࢅ ஜ⇩ᶭ dryer (washing machine) ࡊ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ has/wears an expreskansōgei-kai n Ḵ㏞㎼ఌ welcome sion of …; kao-iro n 㢞Ⰵ comand farewell party plexion kantai n Ḵᙽ [BOOKISH] welcome kaomoji n 㢞ᩝᏊ Emoticon kaori n 㤮ࡽ fragrance, incense (= kangei Ḵ㎼) kantan n វႿ [BOOKISH] admiration (= kø´ 㤮): køsui no ~ 㤮Ềࡡ㤮 (= kanshin វᚨ, kanpuku វ᭱) ࡽ fragrance of perfume kantan (na) adj ⠾༟࡝ easy, kā´pétto n ࣭࢜࣋ࢴࢹ carpet kappa n ࠾ࡖࡤ࣬࢜ࢴࣂ࣬ἑ❲ simple, brief kantei n 㚯ᏽ [BOOKISH] judgment water imp kantei n ᏻ㑨 [BOOKISH] official kapparaimásu, kapparáu v ࠾ࡖࡤࡼ ࠷ࡱࡌ, ࠾ࡖࡤࡼ࠹ [INFORMAL] residence: shushø-~ 㤫┞ᏻ㑨 official residence of the prime swipes, steals, shoplifts kappatsu (na) adj ὩⓆ࡝ active, minister kantō-chihō n 㛭᮶ᆀ᪁ the Kantø lively kappō n ๪ⅸ [BOOKISH] Japanese area of Japan (Tokyø, Chiba, restaurant, Japanese cuisine: ~-gi Saitama, Kanagawa, Ibaraki, Tochigi, Gunma, Yamanashi ๪ⅸ╌ Japanese-style apron prefecture) → shutó-ken 㤫㒌ᅥ káppu n ࢜ࢴࣈ a cup (with kantoku n ┐╡ supervision; handle): magu-~ ࣏ࢡ࢜ࢴࣈ supervisor, superintendent, mug 124



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kása



káppuru n ࢜ࢴࣈࣜ a couple (of



kare-shi ᙴẮ) lovers) karē n ࣭࢜ࣝ curry: ~-ráisu ࢜ࣝ kápuseru n ࢜ࣈࢬࣜ capsule: ࣭ࣚ࢕ࢪ rice with curry ~-hoteru ࢜ࣈࢬࣜ࣌ࢷࣜ capsule kárei n ࢜ࣝ࢕ flatfish, turbot karemásu, kareru v ᯜࡿࡱࡌ, ᯜࡿ hotel kara n Ṿ shell, crust: monuke no ࡾ withers: karete imásu ᯜࡿ࡙ ~ ࡵ࡟ࡄࡡ࠾ࡼ>Ṿ@ completely ࠷ࡱࡌ is withered empty (= karappo (no) ✭ࡖࡰ karemásu, kareru v ศࡿࡱࡌ, ศࡿ ࡡ ) ࡾ can mow/cut kara (no) adj ࠾ࡼ>✭@ࡡ empty: karéndā n ࢜ࣝࣤࢱ࣭ calendar karappo (no) ࠾ࡼ>✭@ࡖࡰࡡ káre-shi n ᙴẮ boyfriend (lover) completely empty (= káre ᙴ) … kará prep, conj …࠾ࡼ 1. kari (no) adj ௫ࡡ temporary, from…, since… (time, space): tentative: ~-zumai ௫పࡱ࠷ … kara, … máde …࠾ࡼ…ࡱ࡚ temporary residence kári ≹ࡽ n hunting: ~ o shimásu from … to … 2. because… kárā n ࣭࢜ࣚ collar (= eri 〺) ≹ࡽࢅࡊࡱࡌ hunts kárā n ࣭࢜ࣚ color (= iro Ⰵ) kari ೇࡽ n borrowing: ~ ga arimásu ೇࡽ࠿࠵ࡽࡱࡌ I owe you.; karada n మ࣬㌗మ body; one’s health: ~ ni ki o tsukete kudasai karí-chin n ೇࡽ㈜ rent (charge); ㌗ మ࡞Ẵࢅࡗࡄ࡙ୖࡈ࠷ kari-te n ೇࡽᡥ the borrower/



Please take care of yourself.



renter, the lessee, the tenant



karái adj ㎖࠷ 1. spicy, hot, pep- karimásu, karu v ศࡽࡱࡌ, ศࡾ pery, pungent 2. salty mows, cuts karakaimásu, karakáu v ࠾ࡼ࠾࠷ࡱ karimásu, kariru v ೇࡽࡱࡌ, ೇࡽࡾ ࡌ, ࠾ࡼ࠾࠹ teases, pokes fun at borrows/rents it (from …) kara-kása n ၄ഘ (oil-paper) karō n 㐛ຘ overfatigue: ~-shi 㐛 ຘṒ death from overwork umbrella karaoke n ࢛࢜ࣚࢢ karaoke kāru n ࣭࢜ࣜ curl karashi n ࢜ࣚࢨ࣬ⰨᏄ mustard karui adj ㍅࠷ light (of weight) kárasu n ࢜ࣚࢪ࣬Ⅺ crow karuishi n ㍅▴ pumice karate n ࢜ࣚࢷ࣬✭ᡥ karate Karukatta n ࢜ࣜ࢜ࢴࢰ Calcutta (weaponless self-defense): ~-gí (Kolkata) ✭ᡥ╌ karate outfit/suit kása n ഘ࣬࠾ࡈ umbrella: ~-date káre pron ᙴ he/him; káre-ra pron ഘ❟࡙ umbrella stand ᙴࡼ they/them kása n ➗ bamboo hat; (mushkáre n ᙴ boyfriend (lover) (= room) cap



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kasá



kasá n ᔗ bulk kashikomarimáshita ࠾ࡊࡆࡱࡽࡱࡊ kasabarimásu, kasabaru v ࠾ࡈࡣࡽ ࡒ. I understand and will comply ࡱࡌ, ࠾ࡈࡣࡾ is bulky, takes up (with your request). [HONORIFIC] kashí-ma n ㈒㛣 rooms for rent; much space kasai n ℾⅇ fire (accidental) (= rented/rental room(s) káji ℾ஥ : ~-kéihø ℾⅇ㆑ሒ fire kashimásu, kasu v ㈒ࡊࡱࡌ, ㈒ࡌ alarm, ~-høchíki ℾⅇሒ▩ჹ fire lends; rents (it out to) kashirá n 㢄 head; chief, leader alarm (device), fire bell kasanarimásu, kasanaru v 㔔࡝ࡽࡱ … káshira interj …࠾ࡊࡼ (mostly ࡌ, 㔔࡝ࡾ they pile up female) I wonder/whether kasanemásu, kasaneru v 㔔ࡠࡱࡌ, kashi-te n ㈒ࡊᡥ the lender/ 㔔ࡠࡾ piles them up, puts one lessor, the landlord kashitsu n 㐛኶ mistakes, errors, on top of another kase n ࠾ࡎ shackles: te-~ ᡥ࠾ࡎ faults: ~-sekinin 㐛኶㈈௴ neglihandcuffs: ~ o hazushimásu ࠾ࡎ gence liability kashi-ya n ㈒ᐓ house for rent; ࢅአࡊࡱࡌ unshackles kasegimásu, kaségu v ✄ࡁࡱࡌ, ✄ rented/rental house ࡃ earns, works for (money) …-kásho suffix …࠾ᡜ࣬⟘ᡜ࣬ kasei n ℾ᫅ Mars; kaséi-jin n ℾ᫅ ಴ᡜ (counter for places, ெ a Martian installations, institutions) kaséi-fu n ᐓᨳ፦ housekeeper, kashoku-shō n 㐛㣏⑍ bulimia



hired maid



nervosa



kaseki n ໩▴ fossil(s) kashu n ḯᡥ singer: ~-kashu Ὦ⾔ kasen n ୖ⥲ underline: ~ o ḯᡥ pop singer hikimásu ୖ⥲ࢅᘤࡀࡱࡌ draws kasō n ௫⿞ disguise: ~-påtii ௫⿞ ࣂ࣭ࢷ࢔ costume party: ~-ishø an underline kasen n ໩⦼ [BOOKISH] synthetic ௫⿞⾨⿞ costume kasō n ℾⴷ cremation fiber kasetto (tēpu) n ࢜ࢬࢴࢹࢷ࣭ࣈ kasō n ௫᝷ [BOOKISH] virtual, cassette (tape) imaginary: ~-kükan ௫᝷✭㛣 káshi n ḯペ lyrics virtual space káshi n ⳣᏄ cakes, sweets, pastry; kasō n ୖᒒ [BOOKISH] lower layer: ~-kaikyü ୖᒒ㝭⣥ lower kashí-ya n ⳣᏄᒁ candy store,



confectioner kashikiri-básu n ㈒ࡊวࡽࣁࢪ



chartered bus kashikói adj ㈴࠷ wise



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class society kasoku n ຊ㏷ acceleration; kasokupédaru ຊ㏷࣋ࢱࣜ gas pedal kāsoru n ࣭࢜ࢮࣜ cursor (on the



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katamarimásu, katamaru



computer screen, etc.) kangae-~ ⩻࠻᪁ one’s way of kásu n ࠾ࡌ>⁞@ 1. sediment, thinking, one’s point of view … katá n …᪁ (o-kata ࠽᪁) (hondregs, grounds: køhii-~ ࢤ࣭ ࣃ࣭࠾ࡌ coffee grounds 2. waste, ored) person: anata-gata ࠵࡝ࡒ scum, trash, rags, scrap, junk (= ᪁ you people kúzu ࡂࡍ>ᒆ@): moe-~ ⇖࠻࠾ kata-… prefix ∞ one (of a ࡌ cinders: ningen/seken no ~ ெ pair) (= katáhø ∞᪁ : ~-ashi ∞ 㛣ୠ㛣ࡡ࠾ࡌ the scum of the ㊂ one leg/foot: ~-gawa ∞ഁ one earth 3. particles: tabe-~ 㣏࡬࠾ side; katá-hō n ∞᪁, katáppø ∞ ࡌ food particles ࡖࡰ࠹, katáppo ∞ࡖࡰ one of kásu n ࠾ࡌ>⢾࣬⢉@ lees a pair; the other one (of a pair); kásuka (na/ni) adj, adv ࠾ࡌ࠾࡝ kata-koto n ∞ゕ imperfect ࡞ ࣬᚜࠾࡝࡞ faint(ly), language, limited language; katamichi n ∞㐠 one-way: ~ kíppu ∞ dim(ly), slight(ly) kasumemásu, kasumeru v ᤾ࡴࡱࡌ, 㐠ว➚ one way ticket ᤾ࡴࡾ skims, grazes katachi n ᙟ form, shape kasume-torimásu, kasume-toru v ᤾ࡴ katadoru adj ࠾ࡒ࡜>㇗࣬ᶅ@ࡾ ཱིࡽࡱࡌ, ᤾ࡴཱིࡾ skims off; imitated, copied, modeled, robs (it of …), cheats (one out of symbolized (= shøchø ㇗ᚡ) …) (= kasumemásu ᤾ࡴࡱࡌ … katá-gata suffix …᪁ࠍ (honored) kasumi n ࠾ࡌࡲ࣬㟐 haze, mist persons (= … katá-tachi …᪁㐡) kasumimásu, kasumu v 㟐ࡲࡱࡌ, katagi (na) adj ᇻẴ࡝ respect㟐ࡳ gets dim, hazy, misty able, steady, honest kasurimásu, kasuru v ࠾ࡌࡽࡱࡌ, katai adj ᅖ࠷ hard; tight; strong; ࠾ࡌࡾ grazes firm; strong; strict kasutera n ࢜ࢪࢷࣚ Japanese katai adj ◫࠷ hard, stiff; stilted sponge cake, Castella upright kata n ᆵ 1. form, shape, size, katai adj ᇻ࠷ hard; solid; sound; mold, pattern: ~ ni hamemásu ᆵ reliable; serious; formal ࡞ࡢࡴࡱࡌ stereotypes: ø-gata katákána n ࢜ࢰ࢜ࢻ࣬∞࠾࡝࣬ ኬᆵ large-size 2. type, model: ∞௫ྞ katakana (the squarish ketsueki-~ ⾉ᾦᆵ blood type Japanese letters) káta n ⫢ shoulder(s); kata-gaki n katamari n ᅖࡱࡽ࣬ም a lump, a ⫢᭡ࡀ (business/position) title clot, a mass; a loaf (of bread) …-kata suffix …᪁ manner of katamarimásu, katamaru v ᅖࡱࡽࡱ ࡌ, ᅖࡱࡾ it hardens, congeals, doing, way: yari-~ ࡷࡽ᪁ method, process (= høhø ᪁Ἢ): clots, (mud) cakes 127



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katamemásu, katameru



katamemásu, katameru v ᅖࡴࡱࡌ, ᅖࡴࡾ hardens it, congeals it;



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



inku-~ ࢕ࣤࢠ࣭࢜ࢹࣛࢴࢩ ink



cartridge Katoríkku n ࢜ࢹࣛࢴࢠ Catholic strengthens it katamuki n ലࡀ slant; inclination, kátsu n ࢜ࢵ a Japanese “cutlet” tendency (fried in deep fat): ton-~ ㇔࢜ katamukimásu, katamúku v ലࡀࡱࡌ, ࢵ࣬ࢹࣤ࢜ࢵ pork cutlet; katsudon n ࢜ࢵ୺ a bowl of rice with ലࡂ leans (to one side), slants kataná n ภ sword sliced pork cutlet on top katáppo n ∞ࡖࡰ one of a pair; katsudō n Ὡິ action, activity, the other one (of a pair) movement katarimásu v ㄊࡽࡱࡌ, kataru ㄊ katsugimásu, katsúgu v ᢰࡁࡱࡌ ࡾ relates, tells ᢰࡃ carries on shoulders … katá-tachi n …᪁㐡 (honored) katsuji n ὩᏊ movable type: ~ ni shimásu ὩᏊ࡞ࡊࡱࡌ prints, persons katáwa n ∞㍧ (discriminatory is in print katsuo n ࢜ࢵ࢛࣬㫆 bonito: term) cripple kata-yorimásu, kata-yóru v ∞ᐞࡽ>೩ ~-bushi ࢜ࢵ࢛>㫆@⟿ a dried ࡽ@ࡱࡌ, ∞ᐞࡾ>೩ࡾ@ leans (to bonito fish katsura n ࠾ࡗࡼ࣬࢜ࢵࣚ a wig one side); is partial (to) kata-zukemásu, kata-zukéru v ∞௛ࡄ kátsute adv ࠾ࡗ࡙ at one time, ࡱࡌ, ∞௛ࡄࡾ puts in order, formerly straightens up, tidies, cleans up katsuyaku n Ὡ㌅ activity kata-zukimásu, kata-zúku v ∞௛ࡀࡱ …-kátta v …࠾ࡖࡒ㸯[ADJECTIVE] ࡌ, ∞௛ࡂ it gets tidy (put in order) -kátta (desu) …࠾ࡖࡒ࡚ࡌ katei n ௫ᏽ hypothesis, supposition was … katei n ㄚ⛤ process (course, stage) …-káttara v …࠾ࡖࡒࡼ: [ADJECTIVE] katei n ᐓᗖ home, household; káttara …࠾ࡖࡒࡼ if/when it is katei-yō´gu/yō´hin n ᐓᗖ⏕ර⏕ဗ …-káttari v …࠾ࡖࡒࡽ: [ADJECTIVE] káttari …࠾ࡖࡒࡽ being reprehome appliances katemásu, katéru v ົ࡙ࡱࡌ, ົ࡙ࡾ sentatively/sometimes/altercan win nately: …-ku nákattari …ࡂ࡝࠾ kā´ten n ࣭࢜ࢷࣤ curtain, drapes: ࡖࡒࡽ (is…) off and on, some~-róddo ࣭࢜ࢷࣤࣞࢴࢺ curtain times is … and sometimes isn’t katte n ົᡥ kitchen; katte-dō´gu n rod; ~-rëru ࣭࢜ࢷ࣭ࣤࣝࣜ curtain rail: shawå-~ ࢨ࣭ࣔ࣠࢜ ົᡥ㐠ර kitchen utensils; kátteguchi n ົᡥཾ kitchen door, ࣭ࢷࣤ shower curtain kātorijji n ࣭࢜ࢹࣛࢴࢩ cartridge: back door 128



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kazoemásu, kazoéru



katte adj, adv ~ (na/ni) ົᡥ࡝ ࡞ selfish(ly), as one wishes kaunserā n ࢜ࢗࣤࢬ࣭ࣚ



௥ࢂࡾ: (… ni) ~ …࡞ ௥ࢂࡽࡱ ࡌ it takes the place (of …) kawaru-gáwaru adv ௥ࢂࡾ௥ࢂࡾ࣬ ࠾ࢂࡾ࠿ࢂࡾ alternately kawase n Ⅵ᭨ a money order: ~-rëto Ⅵ᭨࣭ࣝࢹ currency



counselor



kauntā n ࢜ࢗࣤࢰ࣭ counter kawá n ᕖ river kawá n ἑ big river exchange rates kawá n ⓮࣬㠁 skin; leather; (tree) kayaku n ℾⷾ gunpowder Kayō´(bi) n ℾ᭑᪝ Tuesday bark; crust kawai-garimásu, kawai-gáru v ࠾ࢂ࠷ kayoi ㏳࠷ adj ~ (no) ㏳࠷ࡡ ࠿ࡽ>ྊយ࠿ࡽ@ࡱࡌ, ࠾ࢂ࠷࠿ commuting, live-out (help): ~ no ࡾ࣬ྊយ࠿ࡾ treats with affeco-tetsudai(-san) ㏳࠷ࡡ࠽ᡥఎ࠷ ࡈࢆ a day helper tion, loves (children, pets, etc.) kawaíi adj ࠾ࢂ࠷࠷࣬ྊយ࠷ cute, kayoimásu, kayou v ㏳࠷ࡱࡌ, ㏳࠹ lovable, darling (= kawairashíi commutes, goes back and forth, ࠾ࢂ࠷ࡼࡊ࠷࣬ྊយࡼࡊ࠷) goes (regularly) kawai-sō´ (na) adj ࠾ࢂ࠷ࡐ࠹࡝ kayu n ⢓࣬࠾ࡹ rice gruel, por-



pitiful, poor



ridge



kawakashimásu, kawakásu v ஜ࠾ࡊ ࡱࡌ, ஜ࠾ࡌ dries it (out) kawakimásu, kawáku v ஜࡀࡱࡌ, ஜࡂ gets dry kawakimásu, kawáku v ῤࡀࡱࡌ, ῤ ࡂ: nodo ga ~ ࡡ࡜࠿ῤࡀࡱࡌ



kayúi adj ⑓࠷ itchy kázan n ℾᒜ volcano: ~-bai ℾᒜ ⅂ volcanic ash kazari 㣥ࡽ n = ~-mono 㣥ࡽ∸



ornament, decoration



kazarimásu, kazaru v 㣥ࡽࡱࡌ, 㣥 ࡾ decorates gets thirsty kawara n ⎨ tile: ~-buki (no) ⎨ࡩ kazari-mono n 㣥ࡽ∸ ornament, ࡀࡡ tile-roofed decoration kawari n ንࢂࡽchange (in health) kaze n 㢴 wind kawari n ௥ࢂࡽ substitute: … no kaze n ࠾ࡏ࣬࢜ࢭ࣬㢴㑟 a cold: ~ ni … ࡡ௥ࢂࡽ࡞ instead of ~ o hikimásu ࠾ࡏࢅࡥࡀࡱࡌ kawari n ࠾ࢂࡽ a second helping catches (a) cold (usually of rice): ~-jiyü (desu) ࠽ kaze-gúsuri n ࠾ࡏⷾ࣬㢴㑟ⷾ ࠾ࢂࡽ⮤⏜࡚ࡌ has free refills medicine for colds kawarimásu, kawaru v ንࢂࡽࡱࡌ, kazoe-kirenai adj ᩐ࠻วࡿ࡝࠷ ንࢂࡾ: (… ni) ~ …࡞ ንࢂࡽࡱ countless, innumerable ࡌ it changes (into…) kazoemásu, kazoéru v ᩐ࠻ࡱࡌ, kawarimásu, kawaru v ௥ࢂࡽࡱࡌ, ᩐ࠻ࡾ counts



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kázoku



kázoku n ᐓ᪐ family: ~-omoi no (hito) ᐓ᪐ᛦ࠷ࡡெ family-



keiba-jō n ❿㤷ሔ racetrack keibetsu n ㍅ⶔ contempt, de-



minded (person)



spising



kázu n ᩐ number kazu no ko n ࢜ࢫࢿࢤ࣬ᩐࡡᏄ



kéibi n ㆑ങ [BOOKISH] security; keibi-in n ㆑ങဤ security guard keiei n ⤊ႜ management,



herring roe ke n ẗ hair; wool; feathers …-ke suffix …ᐓ (name of certain) clan, family: Suzuki-~ 㕝ᮄᐓ Suzuki family kē´buru n ࢢ࣭ࣇࣜ cable: ~-kå ࢢ ࣭ࣇ࣭ࣜ࢜ cable car: ~-terebi ࢢ ࣭ࣇࣜࢷࣝࣄ cable TV kecháppu n ࢢࢲࣔࢴࣈ ketchup kéchi (na) adj ࡄࡔ࡝ stingy,



miser



operation keiéi-sha n ⤊ႜ⩽ manager,



operator, proprietor keigo n ᩏㄊ honorific (word): ~ o tsukaimásu ᩏㄊࢅ౐࠷ࡱࡌ uses



honorific words keihin n ᬊဗ [BOOKISH] giveaway keihō n ㆑ሒ alarm, alert, warning keiji n ⦽㎙ [BOOKISH] copula,



(grammar term) link



kéchinbō, kéchinbo n ࡄࡔࢆᆎ, ࡄ ࡔࢆ࡯ stingy person, skinflint,



kéiji n ฬ஥ (police) detective keiji n ᥎♟ bulletin; keiji-ban n ᥎♟ᯀ bulletin board miser kedamono n ࡄࡓࡵࡡ࣬ࢢࢱ࣓ࢿ࣬ kéijō n ᙟ≟ geometry keika n ⤊㐛 course (of time), ⊿ animal; beast (= kemono) kédo conj ࡄ࡜ [INFORMAL] progress, development though, but (= [FORMAL] kéredo keikai n ㆑ᠼ [BOOKISH] vigilance, (-mo) ࡄࡿ࡜ࡵ however, watch, guard; warning, caution keikaku n ゛⏤ plan, scheme, though, but) kegá n ࡄ࠿࣬ࢢ࢝࣬ᛱᠻ injury, program, project (= puran ࣈࣚ mishap: ~ o shimásu ᛱᠻࢅࡊࡱ ࣤ): (… no) ~ o tatemásu …ࡡ ࡌ gets hurt; ~ o sasemásu ᛱᠻ ゛⏤ࢅ❟࡙ࡱࡌ = (…o) ~ shimásu ࢅࡈࡎࡱࡌ injures (someone) …ࢅ ゛⏤ࡊࡱࡌ plans ke-gawa n ẗ⓮ fur keikan n ㆑ᏻ [BOOKISH] policeman, kéi n ฬ (criminal) sentence (police) officer (= keisatsu-kan …-kei suffix …⣌ 1. type, model: ㆑ᐳᏻ): ~-tai ㆑ᏻ㝪 a contindø-~-shoku ྜྷ⣌Ⰵ similar color gent of policemen 2. of …ancestry: ~-zu ⣌ᅒ gene- keiken n ⤊㥺 experience; shokumualogy, a family tree (= kakei-zu keiken n ⫃ຸ⤊㥺 job experience ᐓ⣌ᅒ) keiki n ᬊẴ business conditions, keiba n ❿㤷 horse racing/race; prosperity, boom: ~-taisaku



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ᬊẴᑊ➿ economy-boosting



measure(s)



kekkō



keishoku n ㍅㣏 snack, light foods keisotsu (na) adj ㍅⋙࡝ hasty,



kéiki n ዉᶭ [BOOKISH] opportunity rash kéiki n ฬ᭿ prison term keitai n ᙟឺ pattern, shape kei(ryō)ki n ゛㔖 ჹ meter (dekeitai 1. adj ᦘᖈ portable 2. n ᦘ ᖈ cell-phone, mobile (tele)phone vice) kéiko n ✅ཿ exercise, practice, (= keitai-denwa ᦘᖈ㞹ヨ) keitai-denwa n ᦘᖈ㞹ヨ cell-phone, drill keikō n ലྡྷ [BOOKISH] tendency, mobile (tele)phone keiteki n ㆑➔ horn (of car) (= trend keikō n ⤊ཾ [BOOKISH] oral: kuráku-shon ࢠࣚࢠࢨࣘࣤ) ~-hinínyaku ⤊ཾ㑂ዲⷾ oral keito n ẗ⣊ wool; yarn: ~-dama ẗ⣊⋚ ball of wool/yarn contraceptive (= piru ࣅࣜ) keikoku n ㆑࿈ [BOOKISH] warning: keiyaku n ዉ⣑ contract, agree~-hyøji ㆑࿈⾪♟ alarm display ment; keiyaku-sho n ዉ⣑᭡ keikō-tō n ⺧ක⅁ fluorescent light (written) contract keimú-sho n ฬຸᡜ jail, prison keiyō´shi n ᙟᐖペ adjective keireki n ⤊Ṍ [BOOKISH] career … kéiyu (de/no) adv, adj …⤊⏜ ࡚ࡡ by (way of) …, via …: (history) keirin n ❿㍧ [BOOKISH] bicycle ~-bin ⤊⏜౼ indirect flight kéizai n ⤊ῥ economics, finance; race: ~-jø ❿㍧ሔ bicycle racekeizái-gaku n ⤊ῥᏕ (science of) track keirō n ᩏ⩹ [BOOKISH] respect for economics; keizai-teki (na) adj ⤊ ῥⓏ࡝ economical the aged; Keirō-no-hí n ᩏ⩹ࡡ᪝ Keizai-Sangyō-shō n ⤊ῥ⏐ᴏ┤ Respect-for-the-Aged Day



Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) kē´ki n ࢢ࣭࢞ cake scheme, trick, strategy keiryō-kappu n ゛㔖࢜ࢴࣈ measur- kekka n ⤎ᯕ result, effect; as a ing cup result (consequence): gen’in to ~ keisan n ゛⟤ calculation, comཋᅄ࡛⤎ᯕ cause and effect kekkaku n ⤎ᰶ tuberculosis putation keisán-ki n ゛⟤ᶭ calculator kekkan n Ḗ㝏 [BOOKISH] defect, keisatsu n ㆑ᐳ police: ~-shó ㆑ᐳ deficiency ⨣ police station; ~-kan ㆑ᐳᏻ kekkan n ⾉⟮ blood vessel kekkō n Ḗ⯗ [BOOKISH] cancelled policeman, (police) officer keishiki n ᙟᘟ form, formality flight; “flight cancelled” 131 (Third Monday of September)



keiryaku n ゛␆ [BOOKISH] plot,



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JAPANESE–ENGLISH



kékkō (na)



kékkō (na) adj ⤎ᵋ࡝ 1. splendid, kéndō n ๟㐠 the art of fencing excellent 2. fairly well; enough: (with bamboo swords) Kékkø desu ⤎ᵋ࡚ࡌ. No, thank ken’etsu n ᳠㛸 censor(ship) kengaku n ずᏕ study by observayou. kekkon n ⤎፡ marriage (= konin tion, field study/trip/work ፡ጵ): ( … to) ~ shimásu …࡛ kénji n ᳠஥ (public) prosecutor ⤎፡ࡊࡱࡌ marries; kekkón-shiki n kenjū n ᣑ㖘 pistol ⤎፡ᘟ wedding kenka n ࡄࢆ࠾࣬႒ბ quarrel, kekkyokú n, adv ⤎ᑻ after all, in argument kenkō n ೸ᗛ health: ~-shókuhin the long run kemono n ࡄࡵࡡ࣬ࢢ࣓ࢿ࣬⊿ ೸ᗛ㣏ဗ health food(s); ~-hoken ೸ᗛಕ㝜 health insurance; kenkō = kedamono ࡄࡓࡵࡡ࣬ࢢࢱ࣓ ࢿ࣬⊿ (animal; beast) (na) adj ೸ᗛ࡝ healthy kemúi, kemutai adj ↦࠷, ↦ࡒ࠷ kenkyo (na) adj ㅤ⹣࡝ humble



smoky



(modest)



kemuri n ↦ smoke kemushi n ࢢ࣑ࢨ࣬ẗ⹰ cater-



kenkyū n ◂✪ research, study; kenkyū-jo n ◂✪ᡜ research



pillar



institute, laboratory



kén n ┬ a Japanese prefecture (like a state), …´-ken …┬: Chiba´ -ken ༐ⴝ┬ Chiba prefecture kén n ๟ (double-edged) sword …´-ken suffix …㌲ (counts houses,



small buildings and shops)



kenmei (na) adj ㈴᪺࡝ wise kénpō n ៿Ἢ constitution: Kenpøkinénbi ៿Ἢエᛍ᪝ Constitution



(Memorial) Day (3 May) kénri n ᶊฺ right (privilege); kenrí-kin n ᶊฺ㔘 “key money”



…´-ken suffix …ไ ticket: nyüjø-~ (to obtain rental lease) ථሔไ admission ticket kenryoku n ᶊງ power, authority kenbái-ki n ไ኉ᶭ ticket vending kénsa n ᳠ᰕ inspection, exami-



machine kenbi-kyō n 㢟᚜㙶 microscope kenbutsu n ず∸ sightseeing; kenbutsu-nin n ず∸ெ bystander kénchi n ずᆀ viewpoint kenchiku n ᘋ⠇ [BOOKISH]



construction; architecture; kenchiku-ka n ᘋ⠇ᐓ architect kénchō n ┬ᖿ the prefectural



government (office)



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nation, check-up, test kensatsu n ᳠ᮈ [BOOKISH] ticket



examining (on board) kensetsu n ᘋシ construction



(work) (building) kenshō n ᳠チ vertification kentō n ᣑ㜒 boxing (martial art) kentō´ n ずᙔ aim; direction; estimate, guess: ~ ga tsukimásu ずᙔ࠿ࡗࡀࡱࡌ gets a rough 132



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JAPANESE–ENGLISH



ki



idea (of it): ~ o tsukemásu ずᙔ kesshin n Ửᚨ determination, ࢅࡗࡄࡱࡌ makes a guess, takes resolve: (... shiyø to) ~ shimásu ࡊࡻ࠹࡛ Ửᚨࡊࡱࡌ aim kentō n ᳠ゞ examination, inspec- resolves (to do) kesshite adv Ửࡊ࡙ [+ NEGATIVE] tion …-kéntō suffix …ずᙔ roughly, never kesshō n Ửົ finals, title match: about, approximately ken’yaku n ೛⣑ economy, thrift, jun-~ ‵Ửົ semifinals kē´su n ࢢ࣭ࢪ case (a particular economizing: ~ (na) ೛⣑࡝ thrifty, frugal instance): ~-bai-~ ࢢ࣭ࢪࣁ࢕ࢢ kénzan n ๟ᒜ a frog (pinholder) ࣭ࢪ case by case; case (container) keta n ࡄࡒ࣬ࢢࢰ࣬᰾ 1. (cross) for flowers ke-orimono n ẗ⧂∸ woolen goods beam, girder 2. abacus rod, kéredo (-mo) conj ࡄࡿ࡜ࡵ (numerical) column ketsu n 1. ࡄࡗ࣬ᑶ buttock 2. ࡄ however, though, but kerimásu, kéru v ㋶ࡽࡱࡌ, ㋶ࡾ ࡗ the tail end, the last (bottom) kicks (= shiri ࡊࡽ࣬ᑶ) késa n, adv ௑᭽ this morning ketsuatsu n ⾉ᅸ blood pressure; keshi ᾐࡊ adj tsuyakeshi (no) ࡗ ketsuatsu-kei n ⾉ᅸ゛ bloodࡷᾐࡊ matted; keshi-gomu n ᾐࡊ pressure gauge; sphygmoࢥ࣑ (rubber) eraser manometer keshi-in n ᾐ༰ cancellation mark/ ketsúeki n ⾉ᾦ blood ketsumatsu n ⤎ᮆ outcome stamp késhiki n ᬊⰅ scenery, view ketsuron n ⤎ㄵ conclusion: ~ to keshimásu, kesu v ᾐࡊࡱࡌ, ᾐࡌ shite ⤎ㄵ࡛ࡊ࡙ in conclusion extinguishes, puts out; turns off; kettei n Ửᏽ determination, decision expunges, erases, deletes keshō n ໩⢕o-keshø ࠽໩⢕ kettén n ḖⅤ flaw, defect, shortcosmetics, make-up; keshō-hin n coming ໩⢕ဗ cosmetics; keshō´-shitsu kewashíi adj 㝜ࡊ࠷ steep, n ໩⢕ᐄ restroom, bathroom, precipitous; severe kezurimásu, kezuru v ๎ࡽࡱࡌ, ๎ toilet, lounge ࡾ sharpens, shaves kessaku n ഒష masterpiece kessan n Ử⟤ settling accounts ki n Ẵ spirit; feeling; mind, heart; kesseki n Ḗᖆ absence (from ki (ga) adv Ẵ࠿ : ~ mijikái Ẵ school, work); kessékí-sha n Ḗᖆ ࠿▯࠷ is impatient: ~ omoi Ẵ࠿ ⩽ absentee 㔔࠷ is depressed; ~ tsukimásu 133



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ki



気が付きます comes to one’s senses; ki ni adj 気に: ~ irimásu 気に入ります appeals to one, is pleasing; ( … ga) ~ narimásu (…が)気になります worries (one); ... suru ~ ni narimásu ...する気にになります gets in the mood (to do); ki o adv 気を: ~ tsukemásu 気を付けます (is)



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



kído n 木戸 entrance gate, wicket kídoairaku n [BOOKISH] 喜怒哀楽



emotions, delight, anger, sorrow and pleasure kidorimásu, kidoru v 気取ります, 気取る・気どる puts on airs: kidotte imásu 気取っています, kidotta … 気取った… affected, stuck-up careful kiemásu, kieru v 消えます, 消える is extinguished, goes out; fades, ki n 木 tree; wood vanishes kibarashi n 気晴らし diversion, refresh kigae n 着替え a change of clothing kiben n 詭弁 sophistry kigaemásu, kigáéru v 着替えます, kibishíi adj 厳しい strict, severe 着替える changes (clothes) kibō n 希望 hope; kibō´-sha n 希望 [newer form of ki-kaemásu 着替 者 candidate, applicant えます] kíbun n 気分 feeling, mood kigaru (na) adj 気軽(な) casual, kicháimásu v [INFORMAL] 来ちゃい lighthearted ます = kite-shimaimásu 来てし kígeki n 喜劇 comedy kigen n 機嫌 (state of) health, まいます (comes) mood: ~ ga íi 機嫌がいい kíchi n 基地 military base cheerful; ~ ga warúi 機嫌が悪い kíchi n 機知 wit ki-chigái (no) adj 気違い(の) mad, unhappy, moody → go-kigen ご insane 機嫌 [HONORIFIC] kichín-to adv きちんと punctually; kígen n 期限 term, period; deadprecisely; neat(ly) line kíchō n 記帳 [BOOKISH] registration kígen n 起源 origin (at hotel, etc.) kigō n 記号 sign, mark, symbol kichō´ n 機長 captain (of an airkígu n 器具 implement, fixture, plane) apparatus kichō (na) adj 貴重(な) valuable; kígyō n 企業 company, business concern; “the office” (= kaisha kichō-hin n 貴重品 valuables kichō´men (na) adj 几帳面(な) 会社) meticulous, precise, particular kihon n 基本 basis, foundation kidate-no/ga-yoi adj 気立ての/が良 kíi n キー key: (computer) い good-natured kiibødo キーボード keyboard 134



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JAPANESE–ENGLISH



kiiro (no) adj 㯜Ⰵࡡ = kiiroi 㯜Ⰵ࠷ yellow kí-ito n ⏍⣊ raw silk kiji n ࢞ࢩ࣬㞙 pheasant kíji n エ஥ article, news item, piece, write-up: shinbun-~ ᩺⪲ エ஥ newspaper article kíji n ⏍ᆀ cloth material, fabric kíjitsu n [BOOKISH ᭿᪝ appointed



kikoku



༱㝜࡝ dangerous (= abunaí ༱࡝࠷) kiken n Იᶊ abstention kíkí n ༱ᶭ crisis, critical moment,



emergency kiki-ashi n ฺࡀ㊂ stronger leg kikimásu, kiku v ⪲ࡀࡱࡌ, ⪲ࡂ



listens, hears; obeys; asks kikimásu, kiku v ຝࡀࡱࡌ, ຝࡂ



day; deadline



takes effect, is effective, works kiki-me n ຝࡀ┘ effect (effectivestandard ness) (= køyø ຝ⏕, kønø ຝ⬗): kíkai n ᶭఌ chance, opportunity, ~ ga arimásu ຝࡀ┘࠿࠵ࡽࡱࡌ occasion is effective kíkai n ᶭ᲌ machine, machinery, kiki-te n ⪲ࡀᡥ hearer, listener kiki-ude n ฺࡀ⭆ stronger hand: instrument: ~-teki (na) ᶭ᲌Ⓩ ࡝ mechanical migi-kiki ྎฺࡀ right-hander(s): kikai n ჹ᲌ instrument hidari-kiki ᕞฺࡀ left-hander(s) kikai (na) adj ዃᛱ࡝ mysterious, kikkake n ࡀࡖ࠾ࡄ opportunity, strange occasion kikaku n ௺⏤ plan(ning), project: kikkari adj ࡀࡖ࠾ࡽ exactly, just ~-bu ௺⏤㒂 planning department kikō n Ẵು climate kikaku n ぜ᰹ norm, standard: kikō n [BOOKISH] ᶭᵋ system, or~-ka ぜ᰹໩ standardization ganization, structure: kokusai-~ kikán n ᭿㛣 term, period ᅗ㝷ᶭᵋ international organizakikán (no) adj Ꮢษࡡ quarterly: tion kikán-shi Ꮢษヽ a quarterly kikō n [BOOKISH] ⣎⾔ travel kikán n [BOOKISH] ᶭ㛭 engine; kikō n [BOOKISH] ᐞ✇ contribution: ~-kiji ᐞ✇エ஥ contributed instrument; agency, activity, article organization; kinyü-~ 㔘⼝ᶭ㛭 kikō n [BOOKISH] ዃ⾔ one’s financial institution kikasemásu, kikaseru v ⪲࠾ࡎࡱࡌ, eccentricity ⪲࠾ࡎࡾ lets someone hear, kikoemásu, kikoeru v ⪲ࡆ࠻ࡱࡌ, ⪲ࡆ࠻ࡾ can hear; is heard tells someone (a story); reads (someone a book); reasons with kikoku n ᖉᅗ returning to one’s country (Japan); kikoku-shíjo n ᖉ (a child) kiken n ༱㝜 danger, peril: ~ (na) ᅗᏄዥ returnees 135 kijun n [BOOKISH] ᇱ‵ basis,



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JAPANESE–ENGLISH



kikú



kikú n ࢞ࢠ࣬ⳝ chrysanthemum good, is comfortable; ~ ga warúi ki-kúrage n ᮄࡂࡼࡅ࣬࢞ࢠࣚࢣ࣬ Ẵᣚࡔ࠿ᝇ࠷ is uncomfortable, ᮄ⪝ tree-ears (an edible fungus) is feeling bad/unwell kikyū n Ẵ⌣ balloon: netsu-~ ⇍ ki-mono n ╌∸ clothes; a (JapanẴ⌣ hot-air balloon ese) kimono kimae ga íi adj Ẵ๑࠿࠷࠷ ki-músume n ⏍ፃ virgin (female),



generous



green girl



kimagure adj Ẵࡱࡃࡿ fickle, easy ki-muzukashíi n Ẵ㞬ࡊ࠷ fussy,



to change one’s mood



difficult (person)



kimari n Ửࡱࡽ rule; settlement,



kímyō (na) adj ዃዼ࡝ strange,



arrangement; order; regulation kimarimásu, kimaru v Ửࡱࡽࡱࡌ, Ửࡱࡾ is settled, is arranged kimásu, kiru v ╌ࡱࡌ, ╌ࡾ wears kimásu, kúru v ᮮࡱࡌ, ᮮࡾ comes kimé n ࡀࡴ>ᮄ┘࣬⫑⌦@ 1. grain, texture 2. smooth (human skin) 3. care: ~-komakai ࡀࡴ⣵࠾࠷, ~-komayaka (na) ࡀࡴ⣵ࡷ࠾ ࡝ meticulous, attentiveness



(attentive), tender



peculiar kín n 㔘 gold: ~-ka 㔘㈄ gold coin -kin suffix 㔘 money: shikin ㈠㔘 fund, capital: shikí-~ ᩔ㔘



security deposit (for rental) kínai adv ᶭහ on a plane: ~-shoku ᶭහ㣏 airplane meal kínako n ࡀ࡝⢂>㯜࡝⢂@ soybean



meal/flour kinben (na) adj ໂຫ࡝ indus-



trious, hardworking, diligent



kimemásu, kimeru v Ửࡴࡱࡌ, Ửࡴ kinchō n ⥥ᘿ strain, tension: ~ ࡾ settles, arranges, decides shite imásu ⥥ᘿࡊ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ is kimi n ྦ࣬ࡀࡲ you [familiar] tense kimi n 㯜㌗ yolk (of egg) kinen n エᛍ commemoration; kimí n Ẵ࿝ feeling, sensation: ~ kinen-hin n エᛍဗ souvenir ga warúi Ẵ࿝࠿ᝇ࠷ nervous, kin’en n ⚏↦ smoking prohibited, apprehensive, weird (feeling) no smoking: ~-sha ⚏↦㌬ no(n)kimídori (iro) n 㯜⥫Ⰵ yellowish smoking car kinénbi n エᛍ᪝ anniversary green (color) Kimigayo n ྦ࠿௥ national kingaku n 㔘㢘 amount (of money) kingan (no) adj ㎾╉ࡡ nearanthem of Japan sighted, shortsighted, myopic kimó n ࡀࡵ>⫚࣬⫱@ 1. liver 2. guts, courage, pluck: ~-dameshi kíngyo n 㔘㨮 goldfish ⫚ムࡊ test of courage kiníine n ࢞ࢼ࣭ࢾ quinine kimochi n Ẵᣚࡔ feeling, sensa- kin-iro (no) adj 㔘Ⰵࡡ gold (color), tion: ~ ga íi Ẵᣚࡔ࠿࠷࠷ it feels golden



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kirénai



kin-jimásu, kin-jiru v ⚏ࡋࡱࡌ, ⚏ࡋ ࡾ forbids, prohibits kínjo n ㎾ᡜ neighborhood, vicinity kinkán n ࢞ࣤ࢜ࣤ࣬㔘᯷ kumquat kinki-chihō n ㎾␝ᆀ᪁ the Kinki



kinshi n ㎾ち = kingan ㎾╉ (near-



sighted)



kintámá n 㔘⋚ testicle(s) [INFORMAL] kínu n ⤩ silk Kin’yō´(bi) n 㔘᭑᪝ Friday kinyū n エථ entry, filling in of forms area of Japan (Osaka, Hyøgo, Kyøto, Shiga, Nara prefectures) kin’yū n 㔘⼝ finance: ~-shíjø 㔘⼝ kínko n 㔘ᗔ safe (strongbox), ᕰሔ the money market kínzoku n 㔘ᒌ metal (small) cash box kinkyū n [BOOKISH] ⥥᛬ urgency, kioku n エ᠀ memory: kiokúryoku emergency; ~ na ⥥᛬࡝ urgent, エ᠀ງ memory (capacity), reten-



critical kinmákie n [BOOKISH] 㔘ⵏ⤦ gold



lacquer



tiveness kippári (to) adv ࡀࡖࡤࡽ࡛



definitely, firmly, flatly



kínmu n ໂຸ duty, service, work; kippu n ว➚ ticket: ~-úriba ว➚ kinmú-saki n ໂຸ඙ place of work/ ኉ࡽሔ ticket office kirai (na) adj ᎒࠷࡝ disliked employment kínniku n ➵⫏ muscle: ~-tsü ➵⫏ kiraku (na) adj Ẵᴞ࡝ carefree, ⑚ muscular pain, myalgia comfortable; easygoing kinō´ n, adv ࡀࡡ࠹࣬ᫎ᪝ yesterday kirashimásu, kirásu v วࡼࡊࡱࡌ, kínō n ᶭ⬗ function วࡼࡌ exhausts the supply of, ki-no-dókú na adj ẴࡡẐ࡝ pitiful, runs out of: … o kiráshite imásu pitiable …ࢅวࡼࡊ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ is out of …; kínoko n ࢞ࢿࢤ࣬Ⲏ mushroom shibiré o ~ ࡊࡦࡿࢅวࡼࡊࡱࡌ kí-no-mi n ᮄࡡᐁ nuts, tree produce loses patience kiré v ࡀࡿ࣬วࡿ a piece, a cut (nuts, fruits, berries) kinō´ no ban n ࡀࡡ࠹>ᫎ᪝@ࡡᬄ (of cloth) kírei (na) adj ࡀࡿ࠷>⥙㮿@࡝ last night kinpatsu (no) adj 㔘㧝ࡡ blond pretty; clean; neat, tidy; nice kinpira n ࢞ࣤࣅࣚ࣬ࡀࢆࡧࡼ࣬㔘 (-looking), attractive ᖲ fried burdock root and carrot kiremásu, kiréru v วࡿࡱࡌ, วࡿࡾ 1. can cut; cuts (well) 2. runs out strips served cold Kinrō-kánsha no hí n ໂຘវㅨࡡ᪝ 3. breaks (off) kire-mé n วࡿ┘ a gap, a break, a Labor Thanksgiving Day (23



November) kínryoku n ➵ງ muscle (power) kinshi n ⚏Ḿ prohibition, ban



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pause kirénai v วࡿ࡝࠷ dull(-edged),



blunt 137



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JAPANESE–ENGLISH



kiri



kiri n 霧 fog, mist: ~ ga fukái (koi) 霧が深い(濃い) is foggy kíri n 錐 a hole-punch, an awl kirí n きり end; limit; ~ ga nai き りがない endless, no limit (no



boundary) kiri-kabu n 切り株 (tree) stump kirimásu, kíru v 切ります, 切る



kishō n 気象 weather: ~-dai 気象 台 weather observatory kishúkúsha n 寄宿舎 dormitory;



boarding house kisó n 基礎 base, foundation kisoimásu, kisóu v 競います, 競う



competes, vies



kisóku n 規則 rule, regulation cuts; cuts off, disconnects; hangs kissa-ten n 喫茶店 a tearoom, a



up (phone)



coffee house, a café



kirinuki n 切り抜き clipping (from kísu n キス kiss newspaper, etc.) kísu n キス・鱚 sillago (fish) kirisame n 霧雨 drizzle kita n 北 north: ~-guchi 北口 the Kirisuto n キリスト Christ; Kirisuto- north exit/entrance; Kita-Ámerika n 北アメリカ North America; Kitakyō n キリスト教 Christianity kiritsu n 規律 discipline Chōsén n 北朝鮮 North Korea; kíro n キロ 1. kilogram 2. kilom- kita-yori adj 北寄り northerly: ~ eter 3. kilowatt 4. kiloliter no kaze 北寄りの風 northerly wind kiroku n 記録 (historic) record; shin-~ 新記録 a new record (an kitaemásu, kitaéru v 鍛えます, 鍛え event) る forges, tempers; drills, discikíryō n 器量 personal appearance, plines looks; ability kitai n 期待 expectation kisaku (na) adj 気さく(な) not put kitai n 気体 vapor, a gas on airs kitaku n 帰宅 returning home kisen n 汽船 steamship kitanái adj 汚い dirty; untidy, messy kisen n [BOOKISH] 貴賎 rank kite v 着て: kite-ikimásu/kimásu kisétsu n 季節 season: ~-fü 季節風 着ていきます/きます wears it seasonal wind there/here → kimásu 着ます kishá n 汽車 (non-electric/steam) kitei n [BOOKISH] 規定 regulation, train rule, stipulation: ~ no … 規定の kishá n 記者 = shinbun-~ 新聞記者 … regular, stipulated, compulsory newspaper reporter, journalist kiteki n 汽笛 whistle (steam) kishí n 岸 shore, bank kiten n 機転 wit: ~ no kiku 機転の kishi-men n きしめん long thin 利く quick-witted udon kitsuen n 喫煙 smoking; kitsuén-sha n 喫煙者 smoker; kitsuén-shitsu(/kishitsu n 気質 temperament



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kō-…



seki) n ႖↦ᐄᖆ smoking



fault, defect room (area/zone/seat) kizu-ato n ഭ㊟ scar kitsúi adj ࡀࡗ࠷ 1. tight: sukeki-zúkai n Ẵ㐭࠷ anxiety, concern, jüru ga ~ (desu) ࢪࢢࢩ࣭ࣖࣜ࠿ worry, care (= hairyo 㒼៎, kokoro-kubari ᚨ㒼ࡽ) ࡀࡗ࠷࡚ࡌ (one’s) schedule is tight; uesuto ga ~ (desu) ࢙ࢗ ki-zukaimásu, ki-zukáu v Ẵ㐭࠷ࡱࡌ, ࢪࢹ࠿ࡀࡗ࠷࡚ࡌ is tight in Ẵ㐭࠹ is anxious/worried about, the waist 2. severe, hard, strict: is concerned over ~ seikaku ࡀࡗ࠷ᛮ᰹ strict ki-zukimásu, ki-zúku v Ẵ௛ࡀࡱࡌ, Ẵ௛ࡂ notices character kitsune n ࢞ࢵࢾ࣬≬ fox ki-zukimásu, ki-zúku v ⠇ࡀࡱࡌ, ⠇ kitte n วᡥ (postage) stamp: ࡂ builds it ~-chø วᡥᖋ stamp album kizu-tsukemásu, kizu-tsukéru v ഭࡗ kítto adv ࡀࡖ࡛ surely, doubtless, ࡄࡱࡌ, ഭࡗࡄࡾ wounds, no doubt, undoubtedly injures, damages kiwá n 㝷 brink, edge kizu-tsukimásu, kizu-tsúku v ഭࡗࡀ kiwadói adj 㝷࡜࠷ delicate, danࡱࡌ, ഭࡗࡂ gets wounded, gerous, ticklish injured, damaged kiwamarimásu, kiwamáru v ᴗࡱࡽࡱ ko n Ꮔ child (= (person) kodomo ࡌ, ᴗࡱࡾ comes to an end; gets Ꮔ౩) ko n ௗ child (animals in particucarried to extremes kiwamemásu, kiwaméru v ᴗࡴࡱࡌ, lar): ko-néko ௗ⊟ kitten, ko-inu ᴗࡴࡾ carries to extremes ௗ≗ puppy, ko-buta ௗ㇔ piglet kiwamemásu, kiwaméru v ✪ࡴࡱࡌ, kó, koná n ⢂ flour ✪ࡴࡾ investigates thoroughly ko-… prefix ᑚ… little…, small…: kiwámete adv ᴗࡴ࡙ extremely ~-bako ᑚ⟵ small box kiyase adj ╌ࡷࡎ looking thinner …´-ko suffix …಴ (counts small in clothes objects) kíyō (na) adj ჹ⏕࡝ skillful, …´-ko suffix …‘ Lake… kō adv ࡆ࠹ (kø´ ࡆ࠹ + [PARTICLE], nimble, clever kizamimásu, kizamu v ็ࡲࡱࡌ, ็ kø´désu ࡆ࠹࡚ࡌ) this way, so, ࡳ chops fine; carves, engraves; like this notches, nicks kō´ n 㤮 incense: ~ o takimásu 㤮 kizashi n ඗ࡊ sign(s), symptom(s), ࢅↇࡀࡱࡌ burns incense (in a hint(s), indication(s), omen(s) temple, before the memorial kizu n ࡀࡍ࣬ഭ࣬␽࣬⍏ wound; tablet of the deceased, etc.) kō-… prefix 㧏… high…: scratch, crack, flaw, blemish; 139



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…´-kō



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



~-kétsúatsu 㧏⾉ᅸ high blood



kōbutsu n ይ∸ favorite (food/drink) pressure kōcha n ⣒Ⲍ (black/red) tea …´-kō suffix …῿ port (of …): kō´chi n ࢤ࣭ࢲ coach (sports) Købé-~ ♼ᡖ῿ the port of Kobe kochira pron ࡆࡔࡼ 1. this one …´-kō suffix …ᰧ school, branch (of two) 2. here, this way 3. I/ (school); [BOOKISH] counter for me, we/us kochira-gawa n ࡆࡔࡼഁ this/my/ schools kōbá, kōjō n ᕝሔ factory, plant our side kobamimásu, kobámu v ᢼࡲࡱࡌ, ᢼ kochō n [BOOKISH] ヺᘿ exaggeraࡳ refuses, rejects; opposes, tion kōchō n ᰧ㛏 principal/head of a resists kóban n ᑚึ Japanese old coins school (elementary school, made of gold (Edo period) junior/senior high school) kōban n ஹ␊ police box kōchō (na) adj [BOOKISH] ይㄢ࡝ kobanashi n ᑚヨ anecdote satisfactory, favorable, in a good kobaruto n ࢤࣁࣜࢹ cobalt: ~-iro condition: ~ na dedashi/suberidashi/sutåto ይㄢ࡝ฝࡓࡊ⁝ࡽ ࢤࣁࣜࢹⰅ, ~-burü ࢤࣁࣜࢹࣇ ࣭ࣜ cobalt blue ฝࡊࢪࢰ࣭ࢹ flying start, good Kōbe n ♼ᡖ Kobe; Købé-Eki ♼ᡖ start 㥈 Kobe Station kódai n ཿ௥ ancient times: ~ no kobito n ᑚெ dwarf ཿ௥ࡡ ancient: ~-iseki ཿ௥㐿㊟ koboremásu, koboréru v ࡆ࡯ࡿࡱࡌ, ancient monument(s) ࡆ࡯ࡿࡾ it spills ko-dakara n Ꮔ᐀ child(ren): ~ ni koboshimásu, kobósu v ࡆ࡯ࡊࡱࡌ, megumaremásu Ꮔ᐀࡞ᜠࡱࡿࡱ ࡆ࡯ࡌ spills it: guchi o ~ ម⑭ࢅ ࡌ is blessed with child(ren), has ࡆ࡯ࡊࡱࡌ grumbles, complains a baby/babies kobú n ࡆࡩ࣬⒏ swelling, lump, kodama n ࡆࡓࡱ echo hump: rakuda no ~ ࣚࢠࢱࡡࡆࡩ kōdan n පᅆ public corporation kōdan n ㅦቨ lecture platform hump(s) on a camel kó-bun n Ꮔฦ henchman, subordi- kodō n 㰐ິ heartbeat, pulse: shinzø no ~ ᚨ⮒ࡡ㰐ິ beat of nate, follower kobune n ᑚ⯒ small boat the heart kobura n ࢤࣇࣚ cobra kō´do n ࢤ࣭ࢺ 1. (electricity) cord kobushi n ࡆࡩࡊ࣬ᣑ fist (= nigiri-~ 2. code ᥩࡽᣑ) kō´do n 㧏ᗐ high degree, altitude ko-buta n Ꮔ㇔࣬ௗ㇔ piglet(s), kōdō n ප㐠 highway kōdō n ⾔ິ action, behavior little pig(s) 140



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kohaku



kōdō n ㅦᇸ public (lecture) hall, kōgaku-shin n ྡྷᏕᚨ desire to auditorium learn: ~ ni moeteimásu ྡྷᏕᚨ࡞ kodoku n Ꮣ≺ loneliness ⇖࠻࡙࠷ࡱࡌ has a strong desire kodomo n Ꮔ౩ child (= ko Ꮔ): to learn ~-tachi Ꮔ౩ࡒࡔ>㐡@ children; kogan n [BOOKISH] ‘ᓃ lakeshore ~-no-hí ࡆ࡜ࡵࡡ᪝ Children’s kōgan n ╲୷ testicle(s) [FORMAL] Day (5 May); ~ no koro Ꮔ౩ࡡ kōgan n ⣒㢞 peaches and cream, 㡥 one’s early years rosy, fresh face (of young man) kóe n ኇ voice; cry: ~ o dáshite ኇ kōgan n [BOOKISH] ཉ㢞 impuࢅฝࡊ࡙ aloud, out loud dence: ~-muchi (no) ཉ㢞↋᜕ koeda n ᑚᯖ twig ࡡ impudent and shameless koemásu, koeru v ㉰>㉲@࠻ࡱࡌ, ㉰ kōgan-zai n ᢘ࠿ࢆ๠ anticancer >㉲@࠻ࡾ crosses (a height, an drug kogashimásu, kogásu v ↌࠿ࡊࡱࡌ, obstacle) → koshimásu, kosu ㉰ >㉲@ࡊࡱࡌ, ㉰>㉲@ࡌ ↌࠿ࡌ scorches it koemásu, koéru v ⫟࠻ࡱࡌ, ⫟࠻ࡾ kogata (no) adj ᑚᆵࡡ smallgets fat (= futorimásu ኯࡽࡱࡌ) size (model) kōen n පᅧ public park kōgeki n ᨯᦹ attack kōen n [BOOKISH] ㅦⁿ lecture, kogemásu, kogéru v ↌ࡅࡱࡌ, ↌ࡅ ࡾ gets scorched/burned speech, talk kōen n [BOOKISH] ᚃᥴ support, kō´gi n ㅦ⩇ lecture kō´gí n ᢘ㆗ protest backing koeru… adj ㉰࠻ࡾ o ~ ...ࢅ ㉰ kogimásu, kógu v ₀ࡁࡱࡌ, ₀ࡃ ࠻ࡾ over…, more than… rows (a boat) kogítte n ᑚวᡥ (bank) check (people, country, money, kōgo n ཾㄊ spoken language, temperature, etc.); (sen)-nin o ~ hito ༐ ெࢅ㉰࠻ࡾெ over/ colloquial (word): ~-teki (na) ཾ more than (one thousand) people ㄊⓏ࡝ colloquial kōfuku n ᖶ⚗ happiness: ~ (na) ᖶ kogoe n ᑚኇ low voice, whisper ⚗࡝ happy Kōgō´(-sama) n ⓒྟᵕ the kōfuku n 㜾ఄ surrender Empress kōfun n ⮾ዢ excitement: ~ shite kogoto n ᑚゕ scolding, complaint imásu ⮾ዢࡊ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ is excited kō´gyō n ᕝᴏ industry kōgai n පᐐ (environmental) kohada n ࢤࣀࢱ shad kōhai n ᚃ㍦ one’s junior pollution kōgai n 㑱አ suburbs, suburbia (colleague, fellow student) kōgaku n ᕝᏕ engineering kohaku n ࢤࣀࢠ࣬⌰⋺ 1. = kon-iro



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kohan



ࢤࣀࢠ࣬⌰⋺Ⰵ amber (color) 2. taffeta elastic webbing 3. ~(san) ࢤࣀࢠ࣬⌰⋺㓗 succinic acid kohan n [BOOKISH] ‘⏹ lakeside kōhei (na) adj පᖲ࡝ fair, impartial kōhíi n ࢤ࣭ࣃ࣭ coffee: ~-jáwan/káppu ࢤ࣭ࣃ࣭Ⲍ◿࢜ࢴࣈ coffee cup; ~-ten/-ya ࢤ࣭ࣃ࣭ᗉ ᒁ coffee shop/house (= kissaten ႖Ⲍᗉ) ko-hítsúji n ᑚ⨲࣬Ꮔ⨲ lamb, small



sheep



koitsu n ࡆ࠷ࡗ this damn one: ~-ra ࡆ࠷ࡗࡼ these damn ones kóji n Ꮣඡ orphan: ~-in Ꮣඡ㝌



orphanage kō´ji n ᕝ஥ construction work kojikí n ࡆࡋࡀ࣬஑㣏 beggar kójin n ಴ெ an individual; kojin-teki (na) n ಴ெⓏ࡝ individual, personal: ~-teki (na) iken ಴ெⓏ ࡝ ណず personal opinion kojiremásu, kojiréru v ࡆࡋࡿࡱࡌ, ࡆࡋࡿࡾ gets complicated, twisted,



kōhyō n [BOOKISH] ይビ favorable



entangled; (illness) worsens kōjitsu n ཾᐁ excuse, pretext criticism kóí n ㄫ࠷࣬஑࠷ request (= tanomí kojō (de/no) adv, adj ‘୕࡚ࡡ 㢏ࡲ) on the lake (surface) kói n ࢤ࢕࣬㩶 carp (fish) kojō n ཿᇖ old castle kói n ᜂ love (affair), romance kōjō´ n ᕝሔ factory, plant kói (no) adj ᨶណࡡ deliberate; ~ kōjyutsu n ཾ㏑ dictation ni ᨶណ࡞ deliberately kōjyutsu (no) adj ᚃ㏑ࡡ afterkói n ⃨࠷ deep (color), strong mentioned (coffee, tea, taste), well saturated kokan n [BOOKISH] ⫝̸㛣 between kō´i n [BOOKISH] ይណ࣬ཉណ the legs: ~-setsu ⫝̸㛭⟿ hip joint kō´ka n ຝᯕ effect: hiyø-~ ㈕⏕ຝ goodwill, favor: ~ o misemásu ይណࢅずࡎࡱࡌ does a favor ᯕ cost effect kō´i n ⾔Ⅵ act, deed; behavior kō´ka n ◫㈄ coin koibito n ᜂெ sweetheart, lover, kō´ka n 㧏౮ high price: ~ (na) … 㧏౮࡝  expensive … (= boyfriend/girlfriend kóin n ࢤ࢕ࣤ coin: ~-rókkå ࢤ࢕ takai 㧏࠷㸞 ࣤࣞࢴ࣭࢜ coin locker kō´kai n ⯗ᾇ voyage kōin n ᕝဤ factory worker kō´kai n ᚃ᜴ regret koi-nóbori n ࢤ࢕>㩶@ࡡ࡯ࡽ carp kōkai (no) adj ප㛜ࡡ open to streamers (for Children’s Day the public, open, public: eiga no (5 May)) ~ ᫆⏤ࡡප㛜 movie release ko-inu n ᑚ≗࣬Ꮔ≗࣬ௗ≗ puppy/ kokáin n ࢤ࢜࢕ࣤ cocaine kōkan n ஹᥦ exchange; meishi-~ puppies, small dog(s) koiru n ࢤ࢕ࣜ coil ྞๆஹᥦ exchanging business 142



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…´-koku



cards; ~-ryügakusei n ஹᥦ⏻Ꮥ ⏍ exchange student kōkan-shinkei n ஹវ♼⤊ sympathetic nerve kōkán-shu n ஹᥦᡥ operator kōkatsu (na) adj ≶⊮࡝ sly koké n ⱇ moss koké n こけ foolishness, a fool:



kókóná(t)tsu n ࢤࢤࢻࢴ ࢵ coconut (= koko-yashi no mi ࢤ ࢤࣕࢨࡡᐁ) kokonoka n ஐ᪝ nine days; the 9th



day (of month)



kokónotsu n ஐࡗ nine; nine years old (= kyüsai ஐṋ) kokóro n ᚨ mind, heart, spirit, ~ ni saremásu ࡆࡄ࡞ࡈࡿࡱࡌ feeling: ~ kara (no) ᚨ࠾ࡼࡡ gets trashed heart-felt, sincere; kokoro-atari n kō-kéiki n ይᬊẴ prosperity, good ᚨᙔࡒࡽ idea; kokoro-bosói adj ᚨ ⣵࠷ lonely; kokoro-kubari n ᚨ㒼 business conditions kō-ki n [BOOKISH] ይᶭ (favorable) ࡽ concern, care (= hairyo 㒼៎, ki-zúkai Ẵ㐭࠷) opportunity, chance, occasion kō-ki n [BOOKISH] 㤮Ẵ aroma kokoromi n ムࡲ trial, attempt, test kō-ki n ᚃ᭿ the latter period kokoromimásu, kokoromíru v ムࡲࡱ kō-ki n ᚃエ afterword, postscript ࡌ, ムࡲࡾ tries, attempts, tests (= ato-gaki ᚃ᭡ࡀ): henshü-~ ⥽ kokoro-mochi n ᚨᣚࡔ feelings, 㞗ᚃエ editor’s postscript spirit, mood kō-kí (shin) n ይዃᚨ curiosity, kokorozashi n ᚷ 1. mind; inteninquisitiveness tion; purpose 2. ambition, hope kō-kíatsu n 㧏Ẵᅸ high (barometric) 3. goodwill, kindness; gift kokorozashimásu, kokorozásu v ᚷࡊ pressure kókka n ᅗᐓ nation ࡱࡌ, ᚷࡌ sets one’s mind kokkai n ᅗఌ assembly, parliament, kokoro-zuke n ᚨ௛ࡄ tip, gratuity congress, Diet (= gikai ㆗ఌ) (= chippu ࢲࢴࣈ) kokkei (na) adj ࡆࡖࡄ࠷>⁝✅@ kokoro-zuyói adj ᚨᙁ࠷ encourag࡝ amusing, funny ing, heartening: ~ sonzai ᚨᙁ࠷ kokki n ᅗ᪕ national flag Ꮛᅹ dependable person kokkō n ᅗஹ diplomatic relations kōkō´-sei n 㧏ᰧ⏍ (senior) highkókku (-san) n ࢤࢴࢠࡈࢆ cook, school student: joshi/danshi ~ ዥᏄ⏠Ꮔ㧏⏍ high-school chef kokkyō n ᅗሾ border (of country) girl/boy koko pron ࡆࡆ here, this place …´-koku suffix …ᅗ 1. (name of kō-kō n 㧏ᰧ senior high school certain) country: Bei-koku ⡷ᅗ kókóa n ࢤࢤ࢓ cocoa America (= Amerika ࢓࣒ࣛ࢜ kōkoku n ᗀ࿈ advertisement America, U.S.(A.), Chü´-goku



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kokuban



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



୯ᅗ China, Nihón-koku ᪝ᮇᅗ kokuseki n ᅗ⡘ nationality Japan (= Nihón, Nippón ᪝ᮇ) kōkū-shókan n ⯗✭᭡⠾ aerogram 2. koku-… ᅗ… national, state kōkyo n ⓒᑽ palace (in Tokyo); kokuban n 㯦ᯀ blackboard: the Imperial Palace ~-keshi 㯦ᯀᾐࡊ, ~-fuki 㯦ᯀᣌ kókyō n ᨶ㒋 hometown, birthࡀ eraser place (= furusato ࡨࡾࡈ࡛) kōkū-bin n ⯗✭౼ = køkü-yü´bin kōkyō (no) adj පභࡡ public: ⯗✭㒉౼ airmail ~-ba පභࡡሔ public area kokubō n ᅗ㜭 national defense kōkyō-ryō´kin n පභᩩ㔘 utility kokudō n ᅗ㐠 highway bills/charges Kokudo-Kōtsū-shō n ᅗᅰஹ㏳┤ kokyū n ࿣ྺ respiration, breathing Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, kōkyū (na) adj 㧏⣥࡝ high-class/ grade, high-ranking; fancy: ~-hin Transport and Tourism (MLIT) kōkū-gáisha n ⯗✭ఌ♣ airline 㧏⣥ဗ fancy goods kóma n ࡆࡱ࣬ࢤ࣏࣬≺ᴞ a toy company kokujin n 㯦ெ black people, Afro- top: ~-máwashi ≺ᴞᅂࡊ topAmerican spinning kokumin n ᅗẰ a people, a nation; komakái adj ⣵࠾࠷ 1. fine, small 2. detailed, exact 3. thrifty national(s), citizen(s) kokúmotsu n ✈∸ grain (cereal) 4. small (change): komakakú kokúnai (no) adj ᅗහࡡ internal, shimásu ⣵࠾ࡂࡊࡱࡌ cashes it domestic, inland into smaller bills/coins kokuritsu (-) adj ᅗ❟ national, koma-mono n ᑚ㛣∸ notions, habgovernment-established: erdashery, dime-store goods ~-toshokan ᅗ❟ᅒ᭡㤃 national komarasemásu, komaraséru v ᅏࡼ ࡎࡱࡌ, ᅏࡼࡎࡾ bothers, library: ~-daigaku ᅗ❟ኬᏕ national university embarrasses kokúrui n ✈㢦 cereal(s), grain komarimásu, komáru v ᅏࡽࡱࡌ, ᅏ kokusai n ᅗ㝷: ~-dénwa ᅗ㝷㞹ヨ ࡾ gets perplexed, embarrassed, international phone call troubled; is at a loss; is in need: Kokusai-réngō n ᅗ㝷㏻ྙ United komáru tokoró ᅏࡾ࡛ࡆࢀ Nations trouble (difficulty) kokusan (no) adj ᅗ⏐ࡡ komāsharu n ࢤ࣏࣭ࢨࣔࣜ comdomestic(ally) made, made in mercial (message) (= shiiému ࢨ ࣭࢙࣑): terebi-~ ࢷࣝࣄࢤ࣏࣭ Japan: ~-hin ᅗ⏐ဗ domestic product: ~-sha ᅗ⏐㌬ domestic ࢨࣔࣜ TV commercial komayaka (na) adj ࡆࡱ>⣵⃨࣬@ࡷ car 144



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kongan



࠾࡝ meticulous, attentive, tender: ~ na aijø ⣵ࡷ࠾࡝យ᝗ tender love: (kime-)~ na shidø ࡀࡴ ⣵ࡷ࠾࡝ᣞᑙ detailed



⿍ࡾ sustains, suffers, incurs



(unfair treatment, tribulation): dai-songai o ~ ኬ᥾ᐐࢅ⿍ࡽࡱࡌ



suffers a serious loss



instruction komé n ࢤ࣒࣬⡷ rice (hulled, uncooked); komé-ya n ⡷ᒁ rice dealer/store komemásu, koméru v ㎰ࡴࡱࡌ, ㎰ ࡴࡾ includes komichi n ᑚ㐠 path, lane komi-itta v ㎰ࡲථࡖࡒ complicated, intricate (situation, subject) komimásu, kómu v ㎰ࡲ>Ίࡲ@ࡱࡌ, ㎰ࡳ࣬Ίࡳ gets crowded; kóndeimásu Ίࢆ࡚࠷ࡱࡌ is crowded kōmin n පẰ citizen, civilian kōmoku n 㡧┘ item: (nyüryoku)



kón n ⣻ = ~-iro ⣻Ⰵ (dark blue) koná n ⢂ powder; flour; kona-gona n ⢂ࠍ in very small pieces; konagúsuri n ⢂ⷾ powdered medicine kō´nai n ᵋහ campus konaidá adv ࡆ࡝࠷ࡓ, kono-aidá ࡆࡡ㛣 the other day, a while



ago, lately konashimásu, konasu v ࡆ࡝ࡊࡱࡌ, ࡆ࡝ࡌ 1. powders; digests 2. (ful)fills, manages (to do it): chümon o ~ Ἰᩝࢅࡆ࡝ࡊࡱࡌ



fills an order



kónban n ௑ᬄ tonight: Konban hissu-~ ථງ ᚪ㡪㡧┘ wa ࡆࢆࡣࢆࡢ Good evening. konbini(-ensu sutoā) n ࢤࣤࣄࢼ࢙ mandatory field(s) kómon n [BOOKISH] 㢫ၡ consultant, ࣤࢪࢪࢹ࢓࣭ convenience store konbō n [BOOKISH] ᲠᲤ club, adviser kōmon n ᰧ㛓 school gate billy-club, bludgeon kōmon n ⫘㛓 anus kónbu n ࢤࣤࣇ࣬᪳ᕱ kelp (a kind komórí n ᏄᏬ, ᏄᏬࡽ babysitter: of seaweed) ~-uta ᏄᏬḯ>်@ lullaby, cradle konchū n ᪳⹰ insect kondate n [BOOKISH] ⊡❟ menu song kō´mori n ࢤ࣓ࢗࣛ bat (flying kóndo n, adv ௑ᗐ this time; next mammal); kōmori-gása n ࡆ࠹ࡵࡽ kondō´mu n ࢤࣤࢺ࣭࣑ condom >ࢤ࣓ࢗࣛ@ഘ umbrella (black, kóne n ࢤࢾ connection, “pull”: (hito ni) ~ o tsukemásu ெ࡞ cloth umbrella often used by ࢤࢾࢅ௛ࡄࡱࡌ establishes a males in Japan) komúgi n ᑚ㯇 wheat: ~-ko ᑚ㯇⢂ connection (with a person) ko-néko n ᑚ⊟࣬Ꮔ⊟࣬ௗ⊟ wheat flour kōmú-in n පຸဤ government kitten(s), small cat(s) konekutā n ࢤࢾࢠࢰ࣭ connector worker/employee, official kōmurimásu, kōmúru v ⿍ࡽࡱࡌ, kongan n [BOOKISH] ᠋㢢 entreaty



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kongari yakimásu (yaku)



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



kongari yakimásu (yaku) v ࡆࢆ࠿ࡽ ↕ࡀࡱࡌ ↕ࡂ bakes/toasts/



kónkyo n ᰷ᣈ [BOOKISH] basis,



roasts/grills/sunburns until a beautiful brown kongetsu n ௑᭮ this month kongō´-seki n [BOOKISH] 㔘๙▴ diamond kongo (wa) adv ௑ᚃࡢ from now on, in the future koni (na/ni) adj, adv ᠋ណ࡝࡞ friendly, close, intimate: … to ~



~-chi ᰷ᣈᆀ base, home ground konkyū n ᅏ❋ [BOOKISH] poverty: ~ shite imásu ᅏ❋ࡊ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ



grounds, authority, evidence:



is in poverty, is in financial difficulties konna … adj ࡆࢆ࡝… such as, this kind of: ~ ni ࡆࢆ࡝࡞ to this extent, this much kónnan n ᅏ㞬 difficulty, trouble, ni shiteimásu ࡛᠋ណ࡞ࡊ࡙࠷ hardship; kónnan (na) adj ᅏ㞬 ࡱࡌ is very intimate with … ࡝ difficult konin n ፡ጵ marriage (= kekkon Konnichi wa interj ࡆࢆ࡞ࡔࡢ ⤎፡): ~-todoke ፡ጵᒀ marriage Good afternoon; Hello! konnyákú n ࢤࣤࢼࣔࢠ devil’snotification kōnin (no) adj පヾࡡ authorized, tongue root made into gelatin certified: ~-kaikéishi පヾఌ゛ kono… adj ࡆࡡ… this …, ኃ certified public accountant these…; kono-aidá adv ࡆࡡ㛣 (CPA), chartered accountant the other day, a while ago, lately kon (iro) n ⣻Ⰵ dark blue (= konaidá ࡆ࡝࠷ࡓ); kono-goro konkai n, adv ௑ᅂ this time adv ࡆࡡ㡥 recently (= chiká konkan n ᰷ᖷ [BOOKISH] basis, goro ㎾㡥, saikin ᭩㎾); kono-máe (no)… adj ࡆࡡ๑ࡡ  the foundation konki n ᰷Ẵ [BOOKISH] patience: last…; kono-tsúgí n ࡆࡡḗ next ~ ga iru shigoto ᰷Ẵ࠿࠷ࡾ௘஥ time (= jikai ḗᅂ) kōnō n ຝ⬗ effect (effectiveness) work which requires patience konki n ፡᭿ [BOOKISH] marriage- (= køyø ຝ⏕, kiki-me ຝࡀ┘) able age: ~ o nogasu ፡᭿ࢅ㏠ࡌ kónomi n ይࡲ liking, taste: ~ no … ይࡲࡡ… that one likes, that is past marriageable age konkurabe n ᰷Ẓ࡬ waiting game, is to one’s taste/liking, favorite endurance contest …: ~ no taipu ይࡲࡡࢰ࢕ࣈ konkuríito n ࢤࣤࢠ࣭ࣛࢹ concrete one’s type konomimásu, konómu v ይࡲࡱࡌ, (cement) konkū´ru n ࢤࣤࢠ࣭ࣜ prize ይࡳ likes, is fond of, prefers kónpasu n ࢤࣤࣂࢪ compass (for contest, prize competition (= konpe ࢤࣤ࣋) drafting) 146



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korimásu, kóru



konpe n ࢤࣤ࣋ prize competition, kónzatsu n Ί㞟 jam, congestion: prize contest ~ shitei másu Ί㞟ࡊ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ is konpon n ᰷ᮇ [BOOKISH] foundacrowded kópii n ࢤࣅ࣭ copy (photocopy) tion, basis: ~-teki (na) ᰷ᮇⓏ koppamijin-ni-narimásu (náru) v ᮄࡖ ࡝ fundamental, basic konpyū´ta n ࢤࣤࣅ࣭ࣖࢰ computer ❻᚜ሶ࡞࡝ࡽࡱࡌ࡝ࡾ is konran n Ί஗ [BOOKISH] mess smashed to pieces koppu n ࢤࢴࣈ a glass, a cup (disorder), confusion, jumble kónro n ࢤࣤࣞ stove (portable kōra n ࢤࢗࣚ࣬⏝⨮ shell (of



cooking)



tortoise, etc.)



konsárutanto n ࢤࣤࢦࣜࢰࣤࢹ kō´ra n ࢤ࣭ࣚ cola consultant: keiei-~ ⤊ႜࢤࣤࢦࣜ koraemásu, koráéru v ሎ࠻ࡱࡌ, ሎ ࢰࣤࢹ management consultant ࠻ࡾ 1. stands, bears 2. controls, konseki n ⑖㊟ [BOOKISH] trace, restrains, represses kōran n ࢤ࣭ࣚࣤ the Koran, the mark, vestige (= áto ㊟): ~ o nokoshimásu ⑖㊟ࢅṟࡊࡱࡌ Quran koramu n ࢤ࣑ࣚ column, boxed leaves a mark kónsénto n ࢤࣤࢬࣤࢹ 1. (light) article(s) (= kakomi-kiji ᅑࡲエ஥) kōrasemásu, kōraseru v ෼ࡼࡎࡱࡌ, plug, (electricity) outlet: ~ ni tsunagimásu ࢤࣤࢬࣤࢹ࡞ࡗ࡝ ෼ࡼࡎࡾ freezes it kō´rasu n ࢤ࣭ࣚࢪ chorus, choir ࡁࡱࡌ plugs in 2. consent: infømudo-~ ࢕ࣤࣆ࢚࣭࣑ࢺ࣬ࢤ kore pron ࡆࡿ this one: ~ kara ࣤࢬࣤࢹ informed consent ࡆࡿ࠾ࡼ from now on; ~ kara konshū n ௑㐄 this week to iu/yü … ࡆࡿ࡛࠷࠹ࡹ࠹… kōn-sutāchi n ࢤ࣭ࣤࢪࢰ࣭ࢲ specific, particular koréra (no) adj ࡆࡿࡼࡡ these cornstarch kontákuto n ࢤࣤࢰࢠࢹ = ~-rénzu (things, matters, etc.) ࢤࣤࢰࢠࢹࣝࣤࢫ contact lenses kórera n ࢤࣝࣚ cholera kónténa n ࢤࣤࢷࢻ container (for korí ฆࡽ n stiffness, hardening: káta-(no)-~ ⫢ࡡ ࡆࡽ a stiff transporting goods) kóntesuto n ࢤࣤࢷࢪࢹ contest shoulder kón’ya n ௑እ tonight kōri n ể ice : kaki-gøri ࠾ࡀể kon’yaku n ፡⣑ engagement (to be shaved ice (eaten with syrup) kōri/kóri n ⾔ᮜ wicker trunk married): ~-yubiwa ፡⣑ᣞ㍧ korimásu, kóru v ฆࡽࡱࡌ, ฆࡾ engagement ring kon’yoku n Ίᾆ (hot springs) 1. gets engrossed/absorbed (in) 2. (shoulder) gets stiff mixed bathing



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korimásu, koriru



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



korimásu, koriru v ᠤࡽࡱࡌ, ᠤࡽࡾ koryōrí-ya n ᑚᩩ⌦ᒁ small



learns a lesson from one’s failure kōrimásu, kōru v ෼ࡽࡱࡌ, ෼ࡾ it freezes kōritsu (no) adj ප❟ࡡ public, municipal, prefectural kōritsu n ຝ⋙ efficiency: ~-teki na ຝ⋙Ⓩ࡝ efficient: gyømu no ~ka ᴏຸࡡຝ⋙໩ streamlining …koro suffix 㡥 (at that) time, (at) about (a time), occasion (= … góro (ni) …㡥࡞ (at) about (a time)): ano-~ (wa) ࠵ࡡ㡥ࡢ (at) that time, then, (in) those days (= tø´ji (wa) ᙔ᫤ࡢ koroai n 㡥ྙ࠷ suitable time:



traditional Japanese restaurant kōryū n ஹὮ 1. AC (alternating current) 2. ~ shimásu ஹὮࡊࡱࡌ



exchanges, interchanges kósa n ⃨ࡈ strength (of satura-



tion), deepness (of color)



kosaemásu, kosaeru v ࡆࡈ࠻ࡱࡌ, ࡆࡈ࠻ࡾ = koshiraemásu ࡆࡊࡼ ࠻ࡱࡌ makes, concocts kōsai n ஹ㝷 social relations, company, association: ~-hi ஹ㝷 ㈕ an expense account ko-saji n ᑚࡈࡋ teaspoon kōsaku shimásu (suru) v ᕝషࡊࡱࡌ ࡌࡾ 1. builds 2. handcrafts kosame n ᑚ㞭 light rain, drizzle (sorosoro) ~ desu ࡐࢀࡐࢀ kōsan n 㜾ཤ surrender 㡥ྙ࠷࡚ࡌ It’s (about) time to… kōsa-ten n ஹᕣⅤ an intersection korobimásu, korobu v ㌷ࡦࡱࡌ, ㌷ (of streets), a crossing kosei n ಴ᛮ individuality, charࡩ falls down, tumbles korogarimásu, korogaru v ㌷࠿ࡽࡱ acter, personality: ~-teki ಴ᛮ ࡌ, ㌷࠿ࡾ it rolls, tumbles Ⓩ unique (= yuniiku ࣗࢼ࣭ࢠ): korogashimásu, korogasu v ㌷࠿ࡊ ~-yutaka ಴ᛮ㇇࠾ has a very ࡱࡌ, ㌷࠿ࡌ rolls it distinctive personality koroshimásu, korosu v ṽࡊࡱࡌ, kōsei n ᵋᠺ constitution, ṽࡌ kills construction, composition Korukata n ࢤࣜ࢜ࢰ Kolkata kōsei n ᭞ḿ reclamation,



(Calcutta) kóruku n ࢤࣜࢠ= ~-sen ࢤࣜࢠᰞ cork; korukú-nuki n ࢤࣜࢠᢜࡀ



reformation kōsei n ᭞⏍ revival, reformation;



regeneration, rehabilitation: hikøshønen no ~ 㟸⾔ᑛᖳࡡ᭞ corkscrew kō´ryo n ⩻៎ consideration, reflec- ⏍ rehabilitation of juvenile tion, thought; ~ o ni iremásu ⩻៎ delinquents ࡞ථࡿࡱࡌ takes into considera- kōsei n පḿ impartiality; kōsei na පḿ࡝ adj impartial, fair tion/account kō´ryō´ n 㤮ᩩ spice kōsei n ᰧḿ proofreading; kōsei148



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sha, kōsei-gakari n ᰧḿ⩽, ᰧḿ౿



proofreader kōsei-bússhitsu n ᢘ⏍∸㈠ antibi-



otic(s) Kōsei-Rōdō-shō n ཉ⏍ຘ഼┤



Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare koseki n ᡖ⡘ family register: ~-tøhon ᡖ⡘ㅖᮇ full copy of one’s family register: ~-shøhon ᡖ⡘෕ᮇ abstract of one’s family register kōsen n ක⥲ ray, beam (of light), light kōsha n ᚃ⩽ the latter kōsha n ᰧ⯃ school-house koshi n ⭔ loin, hip, lower part of back; koshi-káké n ⭔᤻ࡄ seat, chair, bench (= isu ࠷ࡌ࣬᳌Ꮔ); koshi -no-kubire n ⭔ࡡࡂࡦࡿ waist (= uesuto ࢙ࢗࢪࢹ) kō´shi n ㅦᖅ instructor(s), lecturer(s) Kōshi n ᏇᏄ Confucius koshi-kakemásu, koshi-kakéru v ⭔᤻ ࡄࡱࡌ, ⭔᤻ࡄࡾ sits down koshimásu, kosu v ㉲ࡊࡱࡌ࣬㉲ࡌ goes/runs over, goes across, moves house (= hikkoshimásu



kossori (to)



kōshin n ᭞᩺ renewal, update kōshin shimásu (suru) v ⾔㐅ࡊࡱࡌ ࡌࡾ marches kōshin shimásu (suru) v ᭞᩺ࡊࡱࡌ ࡌࡾ renews, updates (a contract,



website, etc.) koshiraemásu, koshiraeru v ᣓ࠻ࡱࡌ, ᣓ࠻ࡾ makes, concocts kosho n ཿ᭡ 1. old book(s), antique book(s) 2. secondhand book(s) (= furu-hon ཿᮇ) koshō n ᨶ㝸 1. breakdown, something is wrong 2. hindrance koshō´ n ࢤࢨࣘࢗ࣬⬄᳙ pepper koshō n ࿣⛘ appellation, name kōshō n ஹῦ negotiations kōshoku (na) adj ይⰅ࡝ erotic; lecherous: ~-kan ይⰅ₆ lecher kōshū n ප⾏ the public, the masses: ~-dénwa ප⾏㞹ヨ public telephone; kōshū no adj ප⾏ࡡ public kōshū(kai) n ㅦ⩞ఌ lecture class,



course (not regular classes in school) … kóso (masani) adv …ࡆࡐࡱࡈ ࡞ precisely, exactly, just; certainly, really → mása-ni ࡱࡈ࡞࣬ ḿ࡞: kare-~ ᙴࡆࡐ he is truly ᘤࡖ㉲ࡊࡱࡌ kōsō (no) adj 㧏ᒒࡡ high-rise: koshimásu, kosu v ㉰ࡊࡱࡌ, ㉰ࡌ ~-bíru 㧏ᒒࣄࣜ high-rise buildgoes/runs over (= chø´ka shimásu ing, skyscraper ㉰㐛ࡊࡱࡌ, ø´bå shimásu ࢛࣭ kōsoku n 㧏㏷ [BOOKISH] high ࣁ࣭ࡊࡱࡌ); exceeds: do o ~ ᗐ speed: ~-dø´ro 㧏㏷㐠㊨ expressࢅ㉰ࡊࡱࡌ goes too far way, freeway koshimásu, kosu v ⁷ࡊࡱࡌ, ⁷ࡌ kossetsu n 㦭ᢙ bone fracture kossori (to) adv ࡆࡖࡐࡽ࡛ filters/strains it kōshin n ⾔㐅 march(ing) secretly, sneakily, on the sly 149



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kōsu



kōsu n ࢤ࣭ࢪ course; (traffic,



swim) lane; a set series of chef’s choices, a set meal kosuchūmu n ࢤࢪࢲ࣭࣑ࣖ costume (= kasø ௫⿞) kōsui n 㤮Ề perfume: ~ no kaori 㤮Ềࡡ㤮ࡽ fragrance of perfume kosupure n ࢤࢪࣈࣝ cosplay kosurimásu, kosúru v ᧷ࡽࡱࡌ, ᧷ ࡾ rubs, scrapes kotáé n ➽࠻ an answer, reply, response (= henjí ㏁஥, hentø ㏁➽) kotáé n ᚺ࠻ a response, an answer (= henjí ㏁஥, hentø ㏁➽, øtø 応 答) (= → tegótae ᡥᚺ࠻) kotaemásu, kotáéru v ➽࠻ࡱࡌ, ➽ ࠻ࡾ answers kotaemásu, kotáéru v ᚺ࠻ࡱࡌ, ᚺ࠻ࡾ responds, lives up to, meets: kitai ni ~ ᭿ᙽ࡞ᚺ࠻ࡱࡌ lives up to one’s expectations: yøbø ni ~ こ᭻࡞ᚺ࠻ࡱࡌ meets one’s request kotai n ᅖమ a solid kōtai n ஹ᭨ alternation Kōtáishi n ⓒኯᏄ, ~-sama ⓒኯᏄ ࡈࡱ the Crown Prince; Kōtáishi-hi n ⓒኯᏄደ the Crown Princess kōtaku n කἉ luster, gloss, sheen: ~ ga arimásu කἉ࠿࠵ࡽࡱࡌ



lustrous, glossy, shiny kotatsu n ࡆࡒࡗ o-kóta ࠽ࡆࡒ



traditional quilt-covered heating arrangement (foot warmer) kotchí pron ࡆࡖࡔ → kochira ࡆ ࡔࡼ



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kotei n ᅖᏽ fixation kōtei n ᰧᗖ school grounds kōtei n ⫧ᏽ affirmation kōtei n ⓒᖀ emperor: Røma-~ ࣞ ࣭࣏ⓒᖀ Roman emperor kōtei n ᕝ⛤ [BOOKISH] process, progress: seisaku-~ ⿿షᕝ⛤ process for forming: sagyø-~ ష ᴏᕝ⛤ working process kotēji n ࢤࢷ࣭ࢩ cottage koten n ཿ඼ classic work (literature, art, etc.) (= kurashikku ࢠ ࣚࢨࢴࢠ): ~-ongaku ཿ඼㡚ᴞ



classical music koten n ಴ᒈ private exhibition kotesaki de gomakashimásu (gomakasu) v ᑚᡥ඙࡚ࡇࡱ࠾ࡊࡱ ࡌ ࡇࡱ࠾ࡌ uses cheap tricks kote-shirabe (ni) adv ᑚᡥㄢ࡬࡞



(for) a trial, (for) practice kōtetsu n 㗨㕪 [BOOKISH] steel (= suchiiru ࢪࢲ࣭ࣜ) kotó n ࡆ࡛࣬஥ thing, matter;



fact; words, sentence; case, circumstance, happening; experience: … suru ~ ga arimásu … ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࠿࠵ࡽࡱࡌ does/do it sometimes, has something to do; … suru ~ wa arimasén …ࡌࡾࡆ ࡛ࡢ࠵ࡽࡱࡎࢆ never does it; … shita ~ ga arimásu …ࡊࡒࡆ࡛࠿ ࠵ࡽࡱࡌ has done it before; … (suru/shinai) ~ wa arimasén … ࡌࡾࡊ࡝࠷ ࡆ࡛ࡢ࠵ࡽࡱࡎ ࢆ it isn’t that one (does/doesn’t, will/won’t do it); … (suru) ~ ni shimásu …ࡌࡾ ࡆ࡛࡞ࡊࡱࡌ



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kowagari



decides to (do it) kóto n ⌾ Japanese harp; koto-ji n ⌾ᰍ [BOOKISH] the bridges on a Japanese harp kóto n ཿ㒌 [BOOKISH] ancient capital kō´to n ࢤ࣭ࢹ 1. coat 2. (sports) court: tenisu-~ ࢷࢼࢪࢤ࣭ࢹ tennis court kotō n Ꮣᓞ [BOOKISH] solitary island kotobá n ゕⴝ 1. word, words; sentence (spoken); remark 2. speech 3. language (= gengo ゕ ㄊ); o-kotoba o kaesu yø desu ga… ࠽ゕⴝࢅ㏁ࡌࡻ࠹࡚ࡌ࠿  I hate to (don’t mean to)



contradict you, but…



… to ie ba ~ ࡛ゕ࠻ࡣ஥㊂ࡽ ࡱࡌ suffice to say that … kotowárí n ᩷ࡽ refusal; notice, warning; permission: ~ mo náku ᩷ࡽࡵ࡝ࡂ without notice/per-



mission/leave kotowarimásu, kotowáru v ᩷ࡽࡱࡌ, ᩷ࡾ 1. refuses, declines, begs off 2. makes excuses 3. gives notice 4. dismisses, lays off kotowaza n ࡆ࡛ࢂࡉ࣬ㅏ pro-



verb(s) kotozuké, kotozute n ゕ௛ࡄ, ゕࡘ ࡙ a message (for someone) (= méssëji ࣒ࢴࢬ࣭ࢩ) kotsú n ࡆࡗ>ࢤࢵ@ knack, trick,



tip



kōtō-gákkō n 㧏➴Ꮥᰧ = køkø 㧏ᰧ kōtsū n ஹ㏳ traffic, transportation; high school: ~ no séito 㧏➴Ꮥᰧ communication(s): ~-hyø´shiki ࡡ⏍ᚈ (= køkø´-sei 㧏ᰧ⏍) high- ஹ㏳ᵾㆉ traffic signs; ~-shíngø ஹ㏳ಘྒ traffic signal(s) school student kotogara n ஥ᯮ [BOOKISH] affair, kotsuban n 㦭┑ pelvis kotsubu n ᑚ⢇ small grain matter (= kotó ࡆ࡛࣬஥) kotonarimásu, kotonáru v ␏࡝ࡽࡱ kō-tsugō n ይ㒌ྙ (convenience) ࡌ, ␏࡝ࡾ is different, differs expediency kóto-ni adv ࡆ࡛࡞࣬Ṟ࡞ 1. espe- kōtsūjūtai n traffic jam ஹ㏳Ῠ⁣ cially (= tóku-ni ≁࡞) 2. [+ NE- kotsúzui n 㦭㧂 bone marrow GATIVE] less likely 3. moreover, kottō´-hin n 㦭⴯ဗ curios, antiques kotton n ࢤࢴࢹࣤ cotton what is more kōtō (no) adj ཾ㢄ࡡ oral, kōun n ᖶ㐘 good fortune ko-uri n ᑚ኉ࡽ retail; kouri-gyō n verbal: køtø-shímon ཾ㢄ムၡ ᑚ኉ᴏ retail business; kouri-ten n oral examination ko-tori n ᑚ㫵 small bird ᑚ኉ᗉ retail store, retailer kotosara adv ࡆ࡛ࡈࡼ particularly kowagari n ᛟ>ᜅ@࠿ࡽ a coward kotoshi n ௑ᖳ this year (= okubyø-monó ⮉⑋⩽): kototarimásu, kototariru v ஥㊂ࡽࡱ kowagarimásu ᛟ>ᜅ@࠿ࡽࡱࡌ ࡌ, ஥㊂ࡽࡾ suffices, is enough: fears, takes flight, is afraid



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kowái



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



kowái adj ࡆࢂ࠷࣬ᛟ>ᜅ@࠷ is



kōyu n 㖌ἔ mineral oil afraid; frightful; terrific koyū (no) adj ᅖ᭯ࡡ characteristic kowairo n ኇⰅ 1. tone of voice 2. kōyū n ஹཪ companion, friend(s) impersonation: ~ o tsukaimásu kōyū n ஹ㐗 social relations, comኇⰅࢅ౐࠷ࡱࡌ impersonates pany, association (= køsai ஹ㝷) kowane n ኇ㡚 tone of voice (= kō yū (iu) … adj ࡆ࠹ࡹ࠹࠷࠹ … kowairo ኇⰅ) this kind/sort of …, such … kowaremásu, kowaréru v ቪࡿࡱࡌ, kōza n ཾᗑ an account: ginkø-~ ~ ቪࡿࡾ it breaks/smashes 㖗⾔ཾᗑ bank account kowaremono n ࡆࢂࡿ∸ fragile kō´zan n 㖌ᒜ a mine (article): kowaremono-chü´i ࡆ kō´zan n 㧏ᒜ high mountain ࢂࡿ∸Ἰណ Handle With Care ko-zara n ᑚ⓸ saucer koware-yasúi adj ቪࡿࡷࡌ࠷ frag- kōzen (no/to) adj, adv ප↓ࡡ࡛ ile, easily broken, breakable open(ly), public(ly) kowashimásu, kowásu v ቪࡊࡱࡌ, ko-zeni n ᑚ㖱 small change, coins ቪࡌ breaks/smashes it, destroys: kozō´ n ᑚ൒ 1. young monk kuruma o ~ ㌬ࢅቪࡊࡱࡌ wrecks 2. = ~-san ᑚ൒ࡈࢆ kid a car; karada o ~ మࢅࡆࢂࡊࡱࡌ kōzō n ᵋ㏸ structure, makeup, ruins one’s health organization koya n ᑚᒁ hut, shed, cabin kōzu n ᵋᅒ (picture) composition kōya n Ⲡ㔕 [BOOKISH] wild land, kózuchi n ᑚᵌ a small hammer kozue n ᲀ treetop wilderness kōyaku n ප⣑ (public) pledge; kō- kōzui n ὝỀ flood: ~ ga okorimásu yaku-sū n ප⣑ᩐ common factor ὝỀ࠿㉫ࡆࡽࡱࡌ floods koyama n ᑚᒜ hill kózukai n ᑚ౐࠷ janitor, custodian; koyō n 㞘⏕ [BOOKISH] employment attendant; servant (hiring): ~-keiyakusho 㞘⏕ዉ⣑ kózukai n ᑚ㐭࠷ pin money, ᭡ employment agreement pocket money kōyō n ⣒ⴝ red leaves kozútsumi n ᑚໜ package, parcel kōyō n ຝ⏕ effect (effectiveness) kú n ஐ nine (= kyü ஐ) (= kiki-me ຝࡀ┘, kønø ຝ⬗): kú n ྀ phrase ~ ga arimásu ຝ⏕࠿࠵ࡽࡱࡌ is kú n ༇, …´-ku …༇ 1. a ward effective (in a city) (→ ku-yákusho ༇ᙲᡜ): kōyō (no) adj ප⏕ࡡ official: Tøkyø nijüsan-~ ᮶ா23 ༇ ~-go ප⏕ㄊ official language twenty-three wards of Tokyo koyomí n ᬲ calendar 2. zone (= kúiki ༇ᇡ ; ku-yákusho kōyu n 㤮ἔ balm n ༇ᙲᡜ ward office 152



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JAPANESE–ENGLISH



kúiki



…-ku suffix …ࡂ: [ADJECTIVE] ... kū´ v 㣏࠹ (VULGAR FORM of eats,



kudámono n ᯕ∸ fruit: ~-ya ᯕ∸ ᒁ fruit store/shop kudari n ୖࡽ descent; outbound



bites used mainly by males) =



(from Tokyo), the down train



being, so as to be, …-ly



kuimásu 㣏࠷ࡱࡌ (eats, bites) kudarimásu, kudaru v ୖࡽࡱࡌ, ୖ (POLITE FORM tabemásu 㣏࡬ࡱࡌ ࡾ comes/goes down, descends; kubarimásu, kubáru v 㒼ࡽࡱࡌ, 㒼ࡾ falls, drops distributes, allots; deals (cards) kudasái v ୖࡈ࠷ give; (shite ~ ࡊ kúbetsu n ༇ื difference, differ- ࡙ୖࡈ࠷) please (do) [IMPERATIVE of kudasáru ୖࡈࡾ = kudaentiation; discrimination kubi n 㤫 neck: ~ ni shimásu 㤫࡞ saimásu ୖࡈ࠷ࡱࡌ] ࡊࡱࡌ fires, lays off; ~-kázari kudasaimásu, kudasáru v ୖࡈ࠷ࡱ 㤫㣥ࡽ necklace; kubi-wa n 㤫㍧ ࡌ,ୖࡈࡾ gives (he/she to you,



(dog) collar kubire n ࡂࡦࡿ neck (of a bottle),



constricted place, waist kubomi n ࡂ࡯ࡲ࣬❉ࡲ hollow,



dent, depression kuchi n ཾ 1. mouth: ~ (kará) no ཾ࠾ࡼ ࡡ oral 2. words, speech: ~ o hasamu ཾࢅࡢࡈࡳ interrupt 3. entrance; hole, opening, slot 4. cork, stopper 5. job opening; kuchi-beni n ཾ⣒ lipstick; ~ o fukimásu ཾ➔ࢅྻ ࡀࡱࡌ whistles; kuchi-génka n ཾ ࡅࢆ࠾>႒ბ@ argument; kuchikomi n ཾࢤ࣐ word of mouth kuchibiru n ွ lip kuchimásu, kuchiru v ᮑࡔࡱࡌ, ᮑ ࡔࡾ rots, decays kúda n ⟮ pipe, rube kudakemásu, kudakéru v ◃ࡄࡱࡌ, ◃ࡄࡾ 1. it breaks, smashes, crumbles 2. can break it kudakimásu, kudáku v ◃ࡀࡱࡌ, ◃ ࡂ breaks it, smashes it, crumbles it



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you to me); does as a favor (he/ she for you, you for me), kindly (does) kudashi n ୖࡊ: ~-gúsuri ୖࡊⷾ a purgative, a laxative kudói adj ࡂ࡜࠷ 1. long-winded, dull 2. thick, greasy kufū n ᕝኰ device, scheme, idea, invention, artifice, ingenuity: ~ (o kora-)shimásu ᕝኰࢅฆࡼ ࡊࡱࡌ schemes, contrives kūfuku (no) adj ✭⭙ࡡ hungry Kú-gatsu n ஐ᭮࣬9᭮ September kugi n 㔝 nail, peg kugiri n ༇วࡽ punctuation; kugirimásu ༇วࡽࡱࡌ divides kūgun n ✭㌯ air force: ~-kíchi ✭ ㌯ᇱᆀ air base kugurimásu, kuguru v ₧ࡽࡱࡌ, ₧ ࡾ passes under kūhaku n ✭Ⓣ a blank (space) kúi n ᮲ post, stake, pile kuichigai n 㣏࠷㐢࠷ discrepancy kúiki n ༇ᇡ zone



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kuimásu, kū´



kuimásu, kū´ v 㣏࠷ࡱࡌ, 㣏࠹ eats combines, puts together, teams (inelegant) (= tabemásu 㣏࡬ them up ࡱࡌ) kumimásu, kumu v Ủࡲࡱࡌ, Ủࡳ kúi-shínbō (na) adj 㣏࠷ࡊࢆᆎ࡝ scoops, draws, ladles; considers,



glutton(ous); greedy



sympathizes



kujaku n ࢠࢩࣔࢠ࣬Ꮗ㞓 peacock kumimásu, kúmu v ⤄ࡲࡱࡌ, ⤄ࡳ kúji n ࡂࡋ࣬ࢠࢩ a lot (in a lotbraids; assembles, sets up, puts tery) (= takara-~ ᐀ࡂࡋ) together; folds (arms), clasps kujikemásu, kujikéru v ᣰࡄࡱࡌ, ᣰ (hands), crosses (legs); teams up ࡄࡾ 1. ashí ga ~ ㊂࠿ᣰࡄࡱࡌ (with) gets a sprained ankle 2. ki ga ~ kumi-tate n ⤄ࡲ❟࡙ structure, Ẵ࠿ᣰࡄࡱࡌ gets disheartened, setup, makeup, organization, discouraged 3. (a plan) gets framework kumi-tatemásu, kumi-tateru v ⤄ࡲ❟ frustrated kujikimásu, kujíku v ᣰࡀࡱࡌ, ᣰࡂ ࡙ࡱࡌ, ⤄ࡲ❟࡙ࡾ sets up, or1. sprains: ashí o ~ ㊂ࢅᣰࡀࡱࡌ ganizes; assembles, puts together sprains an ankle 2. ki o ~ Ẵࢅᣰ kúmo n 㞴 cloud: ~-gakure 㞴㝻ࡿ ࡀࡱࡌ disheartens, discourages disappearing, dropping out of 3. frustrates (a plan) sight kujira n ࢠࢩࣚ࣬㪊 whale kúmo n ࢠ࣓࣬⻙⺰ spider kujō n ⱖ᝗ complaint: ~ o iu/yü kúmo no su n ࢠ࣓>⻙⺰@ࡡᕛ ⱖ᝗ࢅゕ࠹ complains spiderweb, cobweb (= kúmo no kūkan n ✭㛣 space íto ࢠ࣓>⻙⺰@ࡡ⣊ spider threads kukí n ⱴ stalk, stem kumori ᭆࡽ n cloudy weather kū´ki n ✭Ẵ air kumorimásu, kumóru v ᭆࡽࡱࡌ, ᭆ kūkō n ✭῿ airport ࡾ gets cloudy: kumótte imásu kúmá n ࢠ࣏࣬↻ bear (animal) ᭆࡖ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ is cloudy kumade n ↻ᡥ rake … kun suffix …ྦ (mostly attached kumí n ⤄ a set, suit, pack; a class, to one’s junior’s or boys’ names INFORMAL)



band, company kumiai n ⤄ྙ association, guild, union: rødø-~ ຘ഼⤄ྙ (labor)



union kumi-awase ⤄ࡲྙࢂࡎ n assort-



ment, mixture kumi-awasemásu, kumi-awaseru v ⤄ ࡲྙࢂࡎࡱࡌ, ⤄ࡲྙࢂࡎࡾ



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kuni n ᅗ 1. country, nation: ~ no ᅗࡡ national, state, government 2. native place, home area kúnren n ィ⦆ training, drill kurá n 㠙 saddle kurá n ಲ࣬ⶮ warehouse, store-



room (storehouse), cellar, godown 154



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JAPANESE–ENGLISH



kusá



kū´rā n ࢠ࣭࣭ࣚ air conditioner kuríimu n ࢠ࣭࣑ࣛ cream kurabemásu, kuraberu v Ẓ࡬ࡱࡌ࣬ kuríiníngu n ࢠ࣭ࣛࢼࣤࢡ cleaning: ㍉࡬ࡱࡌ, Ẓ࡬ࡾ࣬㍉࡬ࡾ com- ~-ya ࢠ࣭ࣛࢼࣤࢡᒁ (dry)



pares, contrasts kúrabu n ࢠࣚࣇ club (group; card suit); (golf) club: ~ katsudø ࢠࣚࣇὩິ club activities kurage n ࢠࣚࢣ jellyfish kurai n న grade, rank kurai adj ᬧ࠷ dark, gloomy; dim



(light) … kúrai suffix …ࡂࡼ࠷࣬న = … gúrai …ࡃࡼ࠷࣬న (about; (an



amount); at least) kurákkā n ࢠࣚࢴ࣭࢜ crackers kurashikku n ࢠࣚࢨࢴࢠ classic (= koten ཿ඼) kurashimásu, kurasu v ᬵࡼࡊࡱࡌ, ᬵࡼࡌ lives, gets by; makes a



living



cleaner(s); laundry kuri-kaeshimásu, kiri-kaesu v ⧖ࡽ㏁ ࡊࡱࡌ, ⧖ࡽ㏁ࡌ repeats kuríppu n ࢠࣛࢴࣈ clip Kurísúmasu n ࢠࣛࢪ࣏ࢪ Christ-



mas kúro (no) adj 㯦ࡡ black; kurobíiru n 㯦ࣄ࣭ࣜ black beer; kuró-i adj 㯦࠷ black (= kúro (no) 㯦ࡡ ) kúrō n ⱖຘ difficulties, hardships kurō´ku n ࢠ࣭ࣞࢠ cloakroom,



check room kúrō´to n ⋖ெ expert, professional kuruimásu, kuru'u´ v ≤࠷ࡱࡌ, ≤࠹



gets warped; gets out of order: ki ga ~ Ẵ࠿≤࠷ࡱࡌ goes mad



(insane)



kúrasu n ࢠࣚࢪ class (group) kuruma n ㌬ car; taxi; vehicle, kurátchi n ࢠࣚࢴࢲ clutch (of car): (hand) cart (= jidø´-sha ⮤ິ㌬ ~-pédaru ࢠࣚࢴࢲ࣋ࢱࣜ clutch kurumá-ebi n ㌬࢙ࣄ>ᾇ⩹@ prawn,



pedal



jumbo shrimp



kure v ᬵࡿ the dark; the end of the kurumi n ࢠ࣐ࣜ࣬⬄᱀ walnut; year: ~ no ᬵࡿࡡ year-end nut kurejitto-kā´do n ࢠࣝࢩࢴࢹ࣭࢜ࢺ kurushíi adj ⱖࡊ࠷ painful; hard;



credit card kuremásu, kureru v ࡂࡿࡱࡌ, ࡂࡿ ࡾ gives (to me/us; he to you): shite ~ ࡊ࡙ࡂࡿࡱࡌ does as a



heavy kurushimemásu, kurushiméru v ⱖࡊ ࡴࡱࡌ, ⱖࡊࡴࡾ afflicts, pains,



distresses, embarrasses kurushimí n ⱖࡊࡲ affliction, favor (for me/us; he for you) kuremásu, kureru v ᬵࡿࡱࡌ, ᬵࡿ agony, suffering, distress ࡾ: hi ga ~ ᪝࠿ᬵࡿࡱࡌ it gets kurushimimásu, kurushímu v ⱖࡊࡲ ࡱࡌ, ⱖࡊࡳ suffers; gets dark kurē´n n ࢠ࣭ࣝࣤ crane (machine) afflicted/distressed/embarrassed kurí n ᰡ chestnut kusá n ⲙ grass 155



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kusái



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



kusái adj ⮧࠷ smelly, stinking;



kutsurogimásu, kutsurógu v ࡂࡗࢀ ࡁࡱࡌ, ࡂࡗࢀࡃ relaxes, gets fishy, questionable kusari n 㙈 chain comfortable kusarimásu, kusáru v ⭁ࡽࡱࡌ, ⭁ kúttsukimású, kuttsúku v ࡂࡖࡗࡀࡱ ࡾ goes bad, rots, decays, spoils, ࡌ,ࡂࡖࡗࡂ sticks to sours: kusátte imásu ⭁ࡖ࡙࠷ࡱ kuwa n ࡂࢂ࣬㘭 hoe ࡌ is spoiled/rotten kúwa n ࢠ࣠࣬᱋ mulberry kusé n ⒯࣬ࡂࡎ a (bad) habit, kuwadate ௺࡙ n plan, attempt, a quirk undertaking kūsha n ✭㌬ vacant car, “(taxi) kuwadatemásu, kuwadatéru v ௺࡙ࡱ ࡌ, ௺࡙ࡾ plans, attempts, available” kushámi n ࡂࡊࡶࡲ a sneeze undertakes kushí n ࡂࡊ࣬ᷰ a comb kuwaemásu, kuwaeru v ຊ࠻ࡱࡌ, ຊ kushí n ୴ a skewer, a spit ࠻ࡾ adds (on); imposes kūsho n ✭ᡜ a blank (space) kuwasemásu, kuwaséru v 㣏ࢂࡎࡱ kusó n ࡂࡐ࣬ࢠࢮ࣬⢽ dung, ࡌ, 㣏ࢂࡎࡾ feeds (POLITE FORM tabesasemasu 㣏࡬ࡈࡎࡱࡌ) excrement, feces kūsō n ✭᝷ fantasy kuwashíi adj リࡊ࠷ detailed, kusugurimásu, kusuguru v ࡂࡌࡃࡽ exact: (… ni ~ …࡞リࡊ࠷) is ࡱࡌ, ࡂࡌࡃࡾ tickles knowledgeable (about …), is kusuguttai adj ࡂࡌࡃࡖࡒ࠷ ticklish well versed (in …); ~ kotó リࡊ kusuri n ⷾ medicine, drug: ~-ya ࠷஥ details; kuwáshiku リࡊࡂ (san) ⷾᒁࡈࢆ drugstore; in detail kuyamimásu, kuyamu v ᜴ࡷࡲࡱࡌ, druggist kutakuta, kuttakuta adj ࡂࡒࡂࡒ, ᜴ࡷࡳ regrets ࡂࡖࡒࡂࡒ dead tired, utterly kuyashíi adj ᜴ࡊ࠷ humiliating, exhausted mortifying, vexatious …-kutatte … suffix, conj ࡂࡒࡖ࡙ kuzu (mono) n ࡂࡍ>ࢠࢫ@∸ even being … (= …-kute mo … waste, scum, mud, trash, rags, ࡂ࡙ࡵ) scrap, junk (= kásu ࠾ࡌ࣬⁞); …-kute suffix, conj …ࡂ࡙ is and kuzú-kago n ࡂࡍ࠾ࡇ wastebasket; kuzú-mono n ࡂࡍ∸ waste, trash (also/so) kutsú n 㠈࣬ࢠࢵ shoes; kutsú-himo kúzu n ࢠࢫ࣬⴩ arrowroot; kuzuko n ⴩⢂ powdered arrowroot n 㠈ࡥࡵ shoelace; kutsú-shita n 㠈ୖ࣬ࡂࡗୖ socks, stockings; kuzuremásu, kuzuréru v ᓻࡿࡱࡌ, kutsú-ya n 㠈ᒁ shoe shop/store; ᓻࡿࡾ it crumbles, breaks kutsu-zoko n 㠈ᗇ shoe sole (down); (weather) deteriorates 156



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JAPANESE–ENGLISH



kyō´gi



kuzushimásu, kuzúsu v ᓻࡊࡱࡌ, (= kaikyø ᅂᩅ); Buk-~ ௕ᩅ ᓻࡌ 1. cashes, changes, breaks Buddhism (into small money) 2. breaks it kyōbai n ❿኉ [BOOKISH] auction down, demolishes 3. writes (= økushon ࢛࣭ࢠࢨࣘࣤ) kyōchō n ᙁㄢ emphasis (a character) in cursive style kyábarē n ࢞ࣔࣁ࣭ࣝ cabaret, kyodai (na) adj ᕠኬ࡝ huge kyō´dai (-shimai) n ඕᘭ጗ግ night club kyábetsu n ࢞ࣔ࣊ࢵ cabbage brothers and/or sisters; brother; kyaburétā n ࢞ࣔࣇࣝࢰ࣭ carburetor sister kyaku n ᐂ visitor, guest, company; kyōdan n ᩅቨ [BOOKISH] platform, customer (= o-~-sámá ࠽ᐂᵕ pulpit: ~ ni tachimásu ᩅቨ࡞❟ ࡔࡱࡌ 1. teaches at school 2. [HONORIFIC]); kyaku-ma n ᐂ㛣 [BOOKISH] guest room; kyaku-sha stands on a platform kyōdan n นᙆ [BOOKISH] bullet (of n ᐂ㌬ [BOOKISH] (railroad) passenger car, coach assassin, etc.): ~ ni taoremásu kyánbasu n ࢞ࣔࣤࣁࢪ canvas นᙆ࡞಻ࡿࡱࡌ is shot to death kyándii, kyándē n ࢞ࣔࣤࢸ࢔, ࢞ࣔ (by an assassin, etc.) ࣤࢸ࣭ candy (= ame ࢓࣒࣬㣡) kyōdan n ᩅᅆ [BOOKISH] religious kyánpasu n ࢞ࣔࣤࣂࢪ campus organization kyánpu n ࢞ࣔࣤࣈ camp(ing) kyōdō n භྜྷ union, cooperation, kyánseru n ࢞ࣔࣤࢬࣜ cancellation joint (activity): ~-seikatsu භྜྷ kyáppu n ࢞ࣔࢴࣈ cap (of a pen) ⏍Ὡ living together, living with kyáputen n ࢞ࣔࣈࢷࣤ captain others kyarameru n ࣒࢞ࣔࣚࣜ caramel kyōdō n ༝ྜྷ cooperation: ~-kukyátsu n ࡀࡶࡗ࣬ᙴዦ [INFORMAL] miai ༝ྜྷ⤄ྙ cooperative that damn one; ~-ra ࡀࡶࡗ>ᙴ association (→ seikatsu-~kumiai, seikyø ⏍Ὡ༝ྜྷ⤄ྙ, ዦ@ࡼ those damn ones (= aitsu ࠵࠷ࡗ; aitsu-ra ࠵࠷ࡗࡼ) ⏍༝) kyā interj ࡀࡶ࣭࣭࣬࢞ࣔ: kyå(t)- kyō´fu n ᜅᛟ [BOOKISH] fear, terror to sakebimásu ࡀࡶ࣭ࡖ >࢞ࣔ kyōgeki n ா๸ classic Chinese ࣭ࢴ @࡛྆ࡦࡱࡌ screams pantomime/opera kyō´ n ௑᪝࣬ࡀࡺ࠹ today kyōgén n ≤ゕ traditional Noh farce kyō´ (no miyako) n ாࡡ㒌 Kyoto kyō´gi n ༝㆗ conference, (= Kyø´to ா㒌) discussion …-kyō n …ᩅ (name of) religion: kyō´gi n ❿ᢇ (athletic) game, Kirisuto-~ ࢞ࣛࢪࢹᩅ Christian- match, contest, (game) event; ity; Isuramu-~ ࢕ࢪ࣑ࣚᩅ Islam kyōgi-jō n ❿ᢇሔ stadium



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kyōhan(sha)



kyōhan(sha) n භ≚⩽ accomplice kyóhi n ᢼྫྷ refusal, rejection, veto (= kyozetsu ᢼ⤧) kyōiku n ᩅ⫩ education: ~ o ukemásu ᩅ⫩ࢅུࡄࡱࡌ gets an



education kyōin n ᩅဤ [BOOKISH] teacher kyojin n ᕠெ giant (person) kyōju n ᩅ᤭ professor: daigaku-~ ኬᏕᩅ᤭ university professor kyojū n ᑽప [BOOKISH] residency: ~-sha ᑽప⩽ a resident: ~-chi ᑽ పᆀ residence (location), address (= jüsho పᡜ) kyóka n スྊ permit, permission: ~-sho スྊチ permit (card) kyōkai n ᩅఌ church kyōkai n ༝ఌ society, association kyōkai n ሾ⏲ border (of district,



etc.) kyōká-sho n ᩅ⛁᭡ text(book) kyōki n นჹ [BOOKISH] lethal



weapon kyōki n ≤Ẵ [BOOKISH] insanity,



madness, lunacy



kyokuba n ᭜㤷 horseback stunts: ~-dan ᭜㤷ᅆ circus (= så´kasu ࢦ࣭࢜ࢪ kyokugei n ᭜ⰹ acrobat, acrobatics (= akurobátto ࢓ࢠࣞࣁࢴࢹ): ~-shi ᭜ⰹᖅ an acrobat, a stunt



performer kyokugen n ᴗ㝀 [BOOKISH] limit: ~-jøtai ᴗ㝀≟ឺ extreme



situation, ultimate state kyōkun n ᩅィ lesson, teaching,



moral kyokután (na) adj ᴗ❻࡝ extreme Kyokutō n ᴗ᮶ Far East kyōkyū n ౩⤝ supply(ing), provision: juyø to ~ 㞺こ࡛౩⤝ supply and demand (= jukyü 㞺⤝) kyō´mí n ⮾࿝ interest (pleasure): ~-bukái ⮾࿝῕࠷ interesting kyónen n ཡᖳ last year kyóri n ㊝㞫 distance kyōryoku n ༝ງ cooperation kyōryoku (na) adj ᙁງ࡝ strong,



powerful



kyōki n 㦣ႌ [BOOKISH] amazement Kyōsan-shúgi n භ⏐୹⩇ Commu-



and gladness



nism



kyokō n ⹣ᵋ [BOOKISH] fabrication, kyō´shi n ᩅᖅ teacher, instructor, fiction: ~ no sekai ⹣ᵋࡡୠ⏲ tutor: katei-~ ᐓᗖᩅᖅ home tutor kyōshitsu n ᩅᐄ classroom imaginary world kyōkō n ᙁ⾔ forcing: ~-toppa ᙁ kyōshoku n ᩅ⫃ teaching ⾔✲◒ bulldozing one’s way profession: ~ ni tsukimásu ᩅ⫃ through: ~-saiketsu ᙁ⾔᤿Ử ࡞ᑯࡀࡱࡌ becomes a teacher kyōshuku shimásu (suru) v ᜅ⦨ࡊࡱ railroading kyóku n ᑻ, …´-kyoku …ᑻ office, ࡌࡌࡾ [HONORIFIC] 1. feels bureau, station: terebi-~ ࢷࣝࣄ grateful/obliged/ashamed: wazawaza okoshi itadakimashite ~ ᑻ TV station



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kyūjō



desu ࢂࡉࢂࡉ࠽㉲ࡊ࠷ࡒࡓࡀࡱ ࡊ࡙ᜅ⦨࡚ࡌ Thank you very



n ᛬⑋ sudden illness; kyū-kō n ᛬⾔ express (train, etc.); kyū-shi much for taking the trouble to n ᛬Ṓ sudden death; kyū-yō n ᛬ ⏕ urgent business come. 2. feels sorry/ashamed: taihen ~ desuga… ኬንᜅ⦨࡚ࡌ kyū´ n ⣥ class, grade ࠿… I am very sorry, but… kyū´ n ஐ࣬9 nine (= kú ஐ࣬9); kyōsō n ❿ண competition, rivalry, kyū-banmé n ஐ␊┘ ninth; kyū´-dai contest, race; kyōsō-áite n ❿ண┞ n ஐྋ nine (machines, vehicles); ᡥ competitor kyū´-do n ஐᗐ nine degrees; nine kyōson, kyōzon n භᏋ [BOOKISH] times (= kyü´-kái ஐᅂ); kyū´-hén coexistence: minzoku ~ Ằ᪐භ n ஐ㐚 nine times; kyū´-hon n ஐ Ꮛ ethnic coexistence ᮇ nine (pencils/bottles, long kyōten n ⤊඼ 1. sutra (Buddhist things); kyū-kai n ஐ㝭 nine floors/ scripture) (= o-kyø ࠽⤊) 2. re- stories, ninth floor; kyū´-ko n ஐ಴ ligious text, sacred scripture nine pieces (small objects) (= Kyō´to n ா㒌 Kyoto; Kyøtó-Eki kokonotsu ஐࡗ); kyū´-kái n ஐᅂ ா㒌㥈 Kyoto Station nine times (= kyü´-do ஐᗐ); kyōtsū (no) adj භ㏳ࡡ common, kyū´-mai n ஐᯓ nine sheets (flat general things); kyū´-satsu n ஐ෇ nine kyōyo n ౩୙ grant, allowance copies (books, magazines); kyū´-tō kyōyō (no) adj භ⏕ࡡ for n ஐ㢄 nine (horses/oxen, large common use, for public use animals); kyū´-wa n ஐ⩒ nine kyōyō n ᩅ㣬 culture, education, (birds, rabbits) refinement: ~ no nai ᩅ㣬ࡡ࡝࠷ kyū´(-) prefix ᪟… … old kyūden n ᐋẂ palace uneducated, uncultivated kyōyō n ᙁこ [BOOKISH] forcing kyū´dō n ᘢ㐠 (the traditional art kyōzai n ᩅᮞ teaching materials of) archery (= kyü´jutsu ᘢ⾙) kyozetsu n ᢼ⤧ [BOOKISH] refusal, kyū´-hyaku n ஐⓊ࣬ nine rejection, veto (= kyóhi ᢼྫྷ) hundred kyū n ⅅ࣬ࡀࡸ࠹o-kyø ࠽ⅅ kyū´ji n ⤝௘ waiter/waitress, moxibustion steward, attendant, factotum kyū n ᛬ crisis, emergency, danger: kyūjin n ịெ job offer(s) ~ (na) ᛬࡝ sudden; urgent; kyūjitsu n ఆ᪝ day off, holiday kyū´jo n ᨾຐ rescue, relief: ~-tai precipitous, steep: ~ na (o-) shirase/renraku ᛬࡝࠽ ▩ࡼࡎ ᨾຐ㝪 rescue party/team ㏻⤙ short notice; ~ ni ᛬࡞ sud- kyūjō n ⌣ሔ ball park, (baseball) denly (= totsuzen ✲↓); kyū-byō stadium (= yakyü-jø 㔕⌣ሔ 159



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kyū´-jū



kyū´-jū n 九十・90 ninety kyūka n 休暇 vacation, furlough kyūkei n 休憩 rest, recess, break; kyūkéi-shitsu n 休憩室 lounge



止記号 breath mark kyūsho n 急所 jugular (vein) kyūshoku (katsudō) n 求職(活動)



(room), break room kyūkon n 求婚 marriage proposal kyū´kutsu (na) adj 窮屈(な) constrained, uncomfortable kyūkyū (no) adj 救急(の) for emergencies; kyūkyū´-bako n 救急箱 first-aid kit; kyūkyū-chiryō shitsu 救 急治療室 emergency room, ER; kyūkyū´-sha n 救急車 ambulance kyū-mán n 九万・90,000 ninety thousand kyū´ri n キュウリ・胡瓜 cucumber kyū´ryō n 給料 salary, pay (= sárarii サラリー, kyü´yo 給与); kyūryō´-bi 給料日 payday kyūseishu n 救世主 Savior kyū-sén n 九千・9,000 nine thousand kyūshi n 休止 pause; kyūshi-kigō 休



kyūshoku n 休職 leave of absence



job hunting, seeking employment from work kyūshoku n 給食 school lunch Kyū´shū-chihō n 九州地方 the



Kyushu area of Japan (Fukuoka, Saga, Nagasaki, Kumamoto, Miyazaki, Kagoshima, Øita prefectures) kyūsu n きゅうす・急須 teapot kyūtei n 宮廷 (imperial/royal) court Kyū-yaku seisho n 旧約聖書 the Old Testament kyū´yo n 給与 allowance, grant, compensation, salary (= sárarii サラリー, kyü´ryø 給料): ~-meisai (sho) 給与明細書 pay slip kyūyō n 休養 rest



M ma n 間 1. room; space (available) 2. time, interval; (= hima 暇) leisure: ma ni aimásu 間に合います → ma-ni-aimásu 間に合います ma... prefix 真... mid…, right…, very…; ma-fuyu n 真冬 midwinter; ma-hiru n 真昼 midday; ma-kká (na) adj 真っ赤(な) crimson, deep red: ~ ni narimásu 真っ赤になり ます turns red, flushes deeply; ma-kkúro (na) adj 真っ黒(な) jet



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black: ~ ni narimásu 真っ黒にな ります turns to a deep black; manatsu n 真夏 midsummer; ma-yónaka n 真夜中 midnight; ma-ssáka-sama (ni) adj 真っ逆さま(に) head over heels; ma-ssúgu (na) adj 真っ 直ぐ(な) straight mā´ まあ interj 1. oh well; I should say; perhaps, I guess 2. dear me! (mostly female); good heavens/grief! 160



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ma-bátaki n █ࡀ wink(ing),



blink(ing) mabayui adj ┾࠷ [BOOKISH]



magari



…máde suffix, conj …ࡱ࡚ (all the



way) to, till, until … máde ni suffix, conj …ࡱ࡚࡞



dazzling, glaring



by, no later than, before (it gets to be time) … máde ni wa suffix, conj …ࡱ࡚ ࡞ࡢ by … at the latest mádo n ✾ window; mado-gárasu n ✾࢝ࣚࢪ windowpane; madó-guchi n ✾ཾ window (opening), wicket maekagami n ๑ᑿࡲ leaning forward: ~ ni narimásu ๑ᑿࡲ࡞࡝ ࡽࡱࡌ leans forward mae-mótte adv ๑ࡵࡖ࡙ (in) admakes an appointment vance (beforehand) machibuse n ᙽࡔఄࡎ ambush mae-muki (no) adj ๑ྡྷࡀࡡ machidōshíi adj ᙽࡔ㐪ࡊ࠷ long 1. far-sighted (forward-looking) awaited; waiting for a long time 2. positive, constructive, affirmmachigáe n 㛣㐢࠻ = machigái 㛣 ative: ~ (na) shikø ๑ྡྷࡀ࡝ ᛦ 㐢࠷ (mistake, error) → machi⩻ positive thinking gaemásu 㛣㐢࠻ࡱࡌ máe (ni) adv ๑࡞ front; in front machigaemásu, machigáéru v 㛣㐢࠻ of; before, ago: suru ~ ni ࡌࡾ ࡱࡌ, 㛣㐢࠻ࡾ mistakes ๑࡞ before doing machigái n 㛣㐢࠷ mistake, error maeoki n ๑⨠ࡀ introduction maeuri n ๑኉ࡽ advanced sale: (= misu ࣐ࢪ, erå ࢙࣭ࣚ) machigaimásu, machigáu v 㛣㐢࠷ࡱ ~-ken ๑኉ࡽไ advanced-sale ࡌ, 㛣㐢࠹ is mistaken, is wrong, ticket mafurā n ࣏ࣆ࣭ࣚ muffler, scarf is in error machigátta adj 㛣㐢ࡖࡒ wrong mafia n ࣏ࣆ࢔࢓ Mafia mafin n ࣏ࣆ࢔ࣤ muffin (mistaken) machimásu, mátsu v ᙽࡔࡱࡌ, ᙽࡗ magao n ┷㢞 serious/earnest/ waits for, expects, anticipates sober/conscientious/honest look (on one’s face) (= majime na kao máchínē n ࣏ࢲࢾ࣭ matinee máda adv ࡱࡓ 1. (not) yet [+ NEGA- ┷㟻┘࡝㢞, shinken na kao ┷ TIVE verb] 2. still (to be) ๟࡝㢞) madara n ᩤ spots, speckles: ~ no magari ᭜࠿ࡽ n a curve, a bend: ᩤࡡ spotted heso-~ ࡫ࡐ᭜࠿ࡽ perverted 161 māburu n ࣏࣭ࣇࣜ marble mabushíi adj ┾ࡊ࠷ dazzling, glaring (= mabayui ┾࠷) mábuta n ࡱࡩࡒ࣬▓ eyelid macchi n ࣏ࢴࢲ match machí n ⏣࣬⾜ town, city: ~ no ⏣ࡡ local (→ chō´chō ⏣㛏) māchi n ࣏࣭ࢲ march machi-awasemásu, machi-awaseru v ᙽࡔྙࢂࡎࡱࡌ, ᙽࡔྙࢂࡎࡾ



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magari



person; ~-kado ᭜࠿ࡽぽ street corner magari n 㛣ೇࡽ renting a room; magari-nin n 㛣ೇࡽெ tenant (of apartment, room) magarimásu, magaru v ᭜࠿ࡽࡱࡌ, ᭜࠿ࡾ 1. turns, goes around 2. it bends, curves māgarin n ࣏࣭࢝ࣛࣤ margarine magemásu, mageru v ᭜ࡅࡱࡌ, ᭜ࡅࡾ bends it, curves it magiremásu, magiréru v ⣦ࡿࡱࡌ, ⣦ࡿࡾ: (… ni ~ …࡞⣦ࡿࡾ) gets distracted (by …); gets confused (with …), gets mixed up (with) … mágiwa (ni/de) suffix, adv …㛣㝷 ࡞࡚ just before …, right on the brink of (when) … magó n Ꮨ grandchild: o-~-san ࠽ Ꮨࡈࢆ (your/someone else’s) grandchild magó n 㤷Ꮔ a packhorse driver magokoro n ┷ᚨ sincerity: ~ o ko-



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



maimásu ⯑ࢅ⯑࠷ࡱࡌ dances mai-… prefix Ẏ… each, every; mai-asa n, adv Ẏ᭽ every morning; mai-ban n, adv Ẏᬄ every night; mai-do n, adv Ẏᗐ every time; mai-getsu, mai-tsuki n, adv Ẏ᭮ every month; mai-kai n, adv Ẏᅂ every time, each time; mai-nen, mai-toshi n, adv Ẏᖳ every year; mái-nichi n, adv Ẏ᪝ every day; all the time: ~ no Ẏ᪝ࡡ daily; ~ no yø´ni Ẏ᪝ࡡࡻ࠹࡞ almost everyday; mai-shū n, adv Ẏ㐄 every week: ~ no Ẏ㐄ࡡ weekly; mai-toshi → mai-nen; mai-tsuki → mai-getsu; mai-yo n, adv Ẏእ every night (= mai-ban Ẏᬄ) …´-mai suffix …ᯓ (counts flat things) máigo n ㏖Ꮔ a lost child mai-hōmu n ࣏࢕࣭࣑࣌ owned



house, one’s house and home; mai-hōmu-shugi(-sha) n ࣏࢕࣭࣑࣌ ୹⩇⩽ family-centred person mete hanashimásu ┷ᚨࢅ㎰ࡴ࡙ (= kazoku-omoi no hito ᐓ᪐ᛦ ヨࡊࡱࡌ talks sincerely ࠷ࡡெ) magure (atari) n ࡱࡃࡿᙔࡒࡽ mainasu n ࣏࢕ࢻࢪ less (minus); fluke, (dumb/good) luck, accident, a minus, a disadvantage mairimáshita v ཤࡽࡱࡊࡒ, [INFORfortuity (= güzen ഃ↓): ~ de kachimásu ࡱࡃࡿ࡚ົࡔࡱࡌ MAL] máitta ཤࡖࡒ You’ve got wins by a fluke me!; gives up, goes down maguro n ࣏ࢡࣞ࣬㩡 tuna mairimásu, máiru v ཤࡽࡱࡌ, ཤࡾ magusa n ࡱࡃࡈ>⛎࣬㤷ⲙ@ hay 1. [HUMBLE] I come/go 2. [HUMBLE] visits, calls on 3. is defeated, loses máhi n ࣏ࣃ࣬㯖⑯ paralysis mahō´ n 㨩Ἢ magic; mahō´-bin n (= køsan 㜾ཤ) 4. is floored, 㨩Ἢ⎴>ࡦࢆ࣬ࣄࣤ@ vacuum/ stumped maisō n ᇔⴷ burial thermos bottle mai n ⯑ (Japanese) dance: ~ o mājan n ࣏࣭ࢩࣔࣤ࣬㯖㞓 mah162



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JAPANESE–ENGLISH



man(-) …



jong: ~-ya ࣏࣭ࢩࣔࣤ>㯖㞓@ᒁ makú n ᖞ (stage) curtain; (play) mahjong parlor act majime (na) adj ┷㟻┘࡝ serious, maku ai n ᖞ㛣 intermission earnest, sober, conscientious, (between acts) makunóuchi n ᖞࡡහ a riceball honest mājin n ࣏࣭ࢩࣤ margin lunch(box) majinai n ࡱࡋ࡝࠷࣬࿖࠷ 1. charm mákura n ࡱࡂࡼ࣏࣬ࢠࣚ࣬ᯎ 2. curse 3. spell, magic, incanta- pillow tion; majinai-shi n ࡱࡋ࡝࠷>࿖࠷@ mama n ࣏࣏ 1. (baby talk) momᖅ witch doctor my, mom (= kå-chan ẍࡔࡶࢆ) majirimásu, majíru v Ίࡋࡽࡱࡌ, 2. hostess (in a bar, etc.) Ίࡋࡾ it mixes (with) mama-… prefix ࡱࡱ>⤽@ step; majiwarimásu, majiwáru v ஹࢂࡽࡱ mama-chichi n ࡱࡱ>⤽@∏ stepࡌ, ஹࢂࡾ associates with father; mama-haha n ࡱࡱ>⤽@ẍ majo n 㨩ዥ witch stepmother; mama-ko n ࡱࡱ>⤽@ makasemásu, makaséru v ௴ࡎࡱࡌ, Ꮔ stepchild ௴ࡎࡾ entrusts with mā-mā adj, adv ࡱ࠵ࡱ࠵ (just) makashimásu, makasu v ㇿ࠾ࡊࡱࡌ, so-so, not bad ㇿ࠾ࡌ defeats … mamá (de/no) suffix, adv, adj … make ㇿࡄ n defeat, loss ࡱࡱ࡚ࡡ intact, untouched/ makemásu, makeru v ㇿࡄࡱࡌ, ㇿ undisturbed: sono ~ de ࡐࡡࡱࡱ ࡄࡾ loses, is defeated; comes ࡚ just as it is/was mamé n ࣏࣒࣬㇃ bean(s) down on the price; is inferior mākétto n ࣏࣭ࢢࢴࢹ market mamé n ࡱࡴ blister maki n ⷼ firewood mame (na) adj ࡱࡴ࡝ diligent/ maki n 1. ᕬࡀ a roll; a volume dedicated (person) 2. (…-maki …ᕬࡀ) a bolt (of cloth) mame (ni) adv ࡱࡴ࡞ often, makimásu, maku v ᕬࡀࡱࡌ, ᕬࡂ frequently: heya o ~ ni søji shirolls up; winds; wraps; maki-tábako másu 㒂ᒁࢅࡱࡴ࡞ᤪ㝎ࡊࡱࡌ n ᕬࡀࢰࣁࢤ cigarette(s) cleans the room often makimásu, máku v ⵏࡀࡱࡌ, ⵏࡂ ma-mó-naku adv 㛣ࡵ࡝ࡂ soon, sows (seed); maki-e n ⵏࡀ ⤦ before long, shortly raised lacquer mamorimásu, mamóru v Ꮼࡽࡱࡌ, makoto (no) adj ㄌ>┷@ࡱࡆ࡛ࡡ Ꮼࡾ defends, protects, guards mán n ୒ ten thousand 10,000 sincere; faithful; true; genuine man(-) … prefix ‫ …‮‬fully …; man(= honto (no), hontø (no) ᮇᙔ chō n ‫ ₳‮‬high tide; man-getsu n ࡡ ): ~ ni ㄌ>┷@࡞ sincerely 163



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manabimásu, manabu



‫‮‬᭮ full moon; man’-in n ‫‮‬ဤ full (of people); man-jō-icchi n ‫‮‬ ሔୌ⮬ unanimous (agreement); man-men n ‫‮‬㟻 the whole face: tokui ~ desu ᚋណ‫‮‬㟻࡚ࡌ is



>₌⏤@႖Ⲍ manga cafe manhōru n ࣏࣭ࣤ࣌ࣜ manhole ma-ni-aimásu, ma-ni-áu v 㛣࡞ྙ࠷ ࡱࡌ, 㛣࡞ྙ࠹: … ni ma-niaimásu …࡞㛣࡞ྙ࠷ࡱࡌ is in proud as a peacock, is in triumph; time (for …); ma-ni-aimasén 㛣 man-pai adj ‫‮‬᮴ is filled: yoyaku ࡞ྙ࠷ࡱࡎࢆ arrives too late (for ga ~-pai desu ஢⣑࠿‫‮‬᮴࡚ࡌ is …), misses (the train/bus/plane) fully booked; man-puku n, v ‫ ⭙‮‬ma-ni-awase v 㛣࡞ྙࢂࡎ makefull stomach; man-rui n ‫‮‬ማ (base- shift ball) with the bases loaded: ~ hø- ma-ni-awasemásu, ma-ni-awaséru v 㛣 muran ‫‮‬ማ࣭࣑࣌ࣚࣤ a grand ࡞ྙࢂࡎࡱࡌ, 㛣࡞ྙࢂࡎࡾ: … slam; man-tan n ‫ ࣤࢰ‮‬full tank; de ma-ni-awasemásu …࡚㛣࡞ man-ten n ‫‮‬Ⅴ perfect score; man- ྙࢂࡎࡱࡌ makes do (with …) ten n ‫‮‬ኮ the whole sky mán’ichi n ୒ୌ = mán ga ichi ୒ manabimásu, manabu v Ꮥࡦࡱࡌ, ࠿ୌ if by any chance Ꮥࡩ learns, studies manjū´ n 㤕㢄 a steamed bun manaitá n ࡱ࡝ᯀ chopping board stuffed with ground pork manmosu n ࣏࣓ࣤࢪ mammoth: (for cooking) manazashi n ╉ᕣࡊ a look in ~ no kiba ࣏࣓ࣤࢪࡡ∫ mamone’s eyes: yasashii ~ ඁࡊ࠷╉ moth tusks ᕣࡊ gentle look in one’s eyes: mannén-hitsu n ୒ᖳ➱ fountain pen utagai no ~ ␪࠷ࡡ╉ᕣࡊ a manneri(zumu) n ࣏ࣤࢾࣛࢫ࣑



suspicious look in one’s eyes



mannerism



manbiki n ୒ᘤࡀ shoplifting, shop- manpokei n ୒Ṅ゛ pedometer mánshon n ࣏ࣤࢨࣘࣤ a luxury lifter manbyō n ୒⑋ all kinds of disease apartment (house) mane n ┷జ imitation, mimicry mánto n ࣏ࣤࢹ cloak mánē´jā n ࣏ࢾ࣭ࢩ࣭ࣔ manager mantora n ࣏ࣤࢹࣚ mantra: ~ o manekimásu, manéku v ᣅࡀࡱࡌ, ᣅ tonaemásu ࣏ࣤࢹࣚࢅ၌࠻ࡱࡌ ࡂ invites chants mantra manekin n ࣏ࢾ࢞ࣤ mannequin mantsūman adv ࣏ࣤࢵ࣭࣏ࣤ onemanekineko n ᣅࡀ⊟ beckoning cat to-one, one-on-one: ~ ressun o manemásu, maneru v ┷జࡱࡌ, ┷ ukemásu ࣏ࣤࢵ࣭࣏ࣤࣝࢴࢪ జࡾ imitates ࣤࢅུࡄࡱࡌ has one-to-one manga n ࣏ࣤ࢝࣬₌⏤ cartoon, lesson(s) comics, manga: ~-kissa ࣏ࣤ࢝ manugare[manukare]másu, manugareru



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masukotto



(manukaréru) v ࡱ࡟࠿ࡿ>ࡱ࡟࠾ ࡿ@ࡱࡌ࣬ඞࡿࡱࡌ, ࡱ࡟࠿ࡿࡾ >ࡱ࡟࠾ࡿࡾ@࣬ඞࡿࡾ escapes



࡝ as if: maru de kodomo no yø (na) ࡱࡾ࡚Ꮔ౩ࡡࡻ࠹࡝



just like a child



marui adj ୷࠷ round shi o manugaremásu Ṓࢅඞࡿࡱ maru ku adv ୷ࡂ roundly: me o ~ ࡌ escapes death ku shimásu ┘ࢅ୷ࡂࡊࡱࡌ (with) manzái n ₌ᡧ cross-talk comedy: wide eyes; se o ~ ku shimásu ⫴ ~ konbi ₌ᡧࢤࣤࣄ a comic duo ࢅ୷ࡂࡊࡱࡌ hunches up mánzoku (na) adj ‫‮‬㊂࡝ satismaruta n ୷ኯ log másaka ࡱࡈ࠾ 1. adv ~ …dewa factory: ( … de) ~ shimásu … ࡚ ‫‮‬㊂ࡊࡱࡌ is satisfied/ nai (desu) yo ne? ࡱࡈ࠾࡚ࡢ ࡝࠷࡚ࡌ ࡻࡠ" Don’t tell me contented (with …) marason n ࣏ࣚࢮࣤ jog(ging); that… 2. interj no kidding!;



from, is exempt from, avoids:



marathon



impossible!



maré (na) adj ⛝࡝ rare, infrequent: ~ ni ⛝࡞ rarely Marēshia n ࣏࣭ࣝࢨ࢓ Malaysia; Marēshia-jin n ࣏࣭ࣝࢨ࢓ெ a Malaysian; Marēshia-go n ࣏࣭ࣝࢨ࢓ ㄊ Bahasa Malaysia (language) mari n ࡱࡽ࣏࣬ࣛ࣬㠥 ball,



mása-ni adv ࡱࡈ࡞ exactly, just;



(Japanese) temari ball marine n ࣏ࣛࢾ marinade marifana n ࣏ࣛࣆ࢒ࢻ marijuana maru n ୷࣬ࡱࡾ circle, ring; zero maru(-) … prefix ୷࣬ࡱࡾ … fully, whole…; maru-anki n ୷ᬧ エ rote learning; maru-utsushi n ୷ ෕ࡊ copying entirely; maru-yaki n ୷↕ࡀ whole roast; maru-yake n ୷↕ࡄ total loss (by fire) maru de adj ࡱࡾ࡚ 1. completely [+ NEGATIVE]: Nihon to ~ chigau/



mashi ቌࡊ n an increase; a sur-



kotonaru bunka ᪝ᮇ࡛ࡱࡾ࡚ 㐢࠹␏࡝ࡾᩝ໩ quite different culture from Japanese 2. maru de …no yø (na) ࡱࡾ࡚ࡡࡻ࠹



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certainly, really masarimásu, masáru v ົࡽࡱࡌ, ົ ࡾ surpasses, is superior masatsu n ࡱࡈࡗ࣬᦮᧷ friction: karada o ~ మࢅ᦮᧷ࡊࡱࡌ rubs



(oneself) down charge mashimásu, masu v ቌࡊࡱࡌ, ቌࡌ



increases, raises, swells mashumaro n ࣏ࢨ࣏ࣖࣞ marsh-



mallow massā´ji n ࣏ࢴࢦ࣭ࢩ massage: ~-shi ࣏ࢴࢦ࣭ࢩᖅ masseur massatsu n ᢧṽ [BOOKISH] elimina-



tion, murder, killing masshurūmu n ࣏ࢴࢨ࣭࣑ࣖࣜ



mushroom masú n ࣏ࢪ࣬㫗 trout masu-komi n ࣏ࢪࢤ࣐ mass



communication (media) masukotto n ࣏ࢪࢤࢴࢹ mascot



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másuku



másuku n ࣏ࢪࢠ mask (= kamen ௫㟻) masú-masu adv ─ࠍ more and



more, increasingly masutādo n ࣏ࢪࢰ࣭ࢺ mustard (= karashi ࢜ࣚࢨ࣬ⰨᏄ) masuto n ࣏ࢪࢹ mast matá conj, prep ࡱࡒ࣬ཧ again; moreover: ~ dø´zo ࡱࡒ࡜࠹ࡑ



mátsu n ࣏ࢵ࣬ᮿ pine tree (= ~-no-kí ᮿࡡᮄ) matsuba-zúe n ᮿⴝᮣ crutch(es) mátsuge n ࡱࡗࡅ࣬╨ẗ eye-



lash(es) matsuri n ⚅ࡽfestival matsutake n ࣏ࢵࢰࢢ࣬ᮿⲎ a kind



of mushroom (thumb-shaped)



matsu-yani n ᮿ⬙ pine resin mattaku adv ධࡂ quite, completely, Please (come, etc.) again. matá n ⫝̸ crotch, groin exactly (= zenzen ධ↓): ~ no ධ máta conj ࡱࡒ࣬ཧ and also/ ࡂࡡ perfect mátto n ࣏ࢴࢹ mat another/more (= … mo ~ … ࡵࡱࡒ) mawari n ࿔ࡽ: (… no) ~ (ni/no) matagarimásu, matagáru v ㊤࠿ࡽ …ࡡ ࿔ࡽ࡞ࡡ around … mawari… prefix ᅂࡽ revolving ࡱࡌ, ㊤࠿ࡾ: … ni ~ …࡞㊤࠿ ࡽࡱࡌ straddles, sits astride, …, rotating…; mawari-butai n ᅂ mounts, rides; stretches/extends ࡽ⯑ྋ revolving stage; mawarikaidan n ᅂࡽ㝭ṹ spiral stairway; over, spans matagimásu, matágu v ㊤ࡁࡱࡌ, ㊤ mawarí-michi n ᅂࡽ㐠 detour mawari-kudoi adj ᅂࡽࡂ࡜࠷ ࡃ strides over matátakí n █ࡀ blink(ing) → roundabout matátakímásu █ࡀࡱࡌ blinks mawarimásu, mawaru v ࿔ࡽࡱࡌ, mátá-wa conj ࡱࡒࡢ࣬ཧࡢ or, or ࿔ࡾ goes around else, on the other hand; also; and/or mawarimásu, mawaru v ᅂࡽࡱࡌ, matcha n ᢧⲌ powdered green tea ᅂࡾ turns, revolves, circulates,



(for tea ceremony) mátchi n ࣏ࢴࢲ match(es) (for fire); matchí-bako n ࣏ࢴࢲ⟵



rotates mawashi n ᅂࡊ sumo wrestler’s



belt (loincloth)



mawashimásu, mawasu v ᅂࡊࡱࡌ matchbox mato n Ⓩ target, aim ᅂࡌ turns it around, passes it matomarimásu, matomaru v ࡱ࡛ࡱࡽ around, circulates it ࡱࡌ, ࡱ࡛ࡱࡾ is settled, mawata n ┷⥝ floss silk mayaku n 㯖ⷾ narcotic(s), dope arranged, finished matomemásu, matomeru v ࡱ࡛ࡴࡱ (= kusuri ࢠࢪࣛ࣬ⷾ, yaku ࣕࢠ ࡌ, ࡱ࡛ࡴࡾ settles, arranges, ࣬ⷾ, yakubutsu ⷾ∸) mayoimásu, mayóu v ㏖࠷ࡱࡌ, finishes



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㏖࠹ gets lost; gets perplexed mayonēzu n ࣏ࣙࢾ࣭ࢫ mayon-



naise



megumimásu, megumu



medama-yaki n ┘⋚↕ࡀ fried egg(s) medarisuto n ࣒ࢱࣛࢪࢹ medalist medaru n ࣒ࢱࣜ medal medátta … v ┘❟ࡖࡒ… outstanding, conspicuous → medachimásu ┘❟ࡔࡱࡌ medátte adv ┘❟ࡖ࡙ outstandingly, conspicuously: medátte imásu ┘❟ࡖ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ is



máyu n ┩ eyebrow(s) máyu n ࣏ࣗ࣬⧓ cocoon mazarimásu, mazáru v Ίࡉࡽࡱࡌ, Ίࡉࡾ it mixes mazemásu, mazéru v Ίࡏࡱࡌ, Ί ࡏࡾ mixes it mázu adv ࡱࡍ first of all, before outstanding, conspicuous → anything else (= saisho (ni) ᭩ิ medachimásu ┘❟ࡔࡱࡌ ࡞ , hajime (ni) ิࡴ࡞ ) medetái adj ࡴ࡚ࡒ࠷ 1. happy mázu adv ࡱࡍ perhaps, nearly (events), matter for congratulamazúi adj ୘࿝࠷ untasty, badtion 2. = o-medetái ࠽ࡴ࡚ࡒ࠷



tasting mazúi adj 1. ࡱࡍ࠷ poor, awkward 2. inadvisable 3. ugly mazushíi adj ㈃ࡊ࠷ poor (needy) mé n ┘ eye: taihen na ~ ni aimásu ኬን࡝┘࡞࠵࠷ࡱࡌ (has/



simple-minded, optimistic; idiot médo n 㔢Ꮗ the eye of a needle médo n ┘ฌ aim (= méate ┘ᙔ࡙) mēdo n ࣒࣭ࢺ maid megabaito n ࣒࢝ࣁ࢕ࢹ megabyte



(MB) megakemásu, megakéru v ┘᤻ࡄࡱ undergoes) a hard experience mé n ⰾ bud ࡌ, ┘᤻ࡄࡾ aims at: … o …-me interj …ࡴ࣬ዦ [deprecates megákete …ࢅ┘࠿ࡄ࡙ (aiming) people] damn (fool) …: baka-~ at, (going) toward ࡣ࠾ࡴ࣬㤷㮭ࡴ damn (fool) idiot mégane n ࣒࢝ࢾ࣬╉㙶 (eye) …-mé suffix …┘ [NUMERAL] -th: glasses: ~ o kakemásu ࣒࢝ࢾ>╉ itsutsu-~ ஫ࡗ┘ fifth 㙶@ࢅ᤻ࡄࡱࡌ puts on (wears) méate n ┘ᙔ࡙ a guide (for the glasses megumaremásu, megumareru v ᜠࡱ eye); aim mechamecha adj ࡴࡔࡶࡴࡔࡶ࣬ ࡿࡱࡌ, ᜠࡱࡿࡾ gets blessed: ┘Ⲍ┘Ⲍ in pieces, all confused, … ni megumárete imásu …࡞ᜠ in disorder: ~ ni shimásu ࡴࡔࡶ ࡱࡿ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ is blessed with … ࡴࡔࡶ࡞ࡊࡱࡌ ruins, upsets, megumi n ᜠࡲ blessing, mercy, messes up charity medachimásu, medátsu v ┘❟ࡔࡱ megumimásu, megumu v ᜠࡲࡱࡌ, ࡌ, ┘❟ࡗ stands out, becomes ᜠࡳ blesses with, gives mercifully conspicuous (in charity) 167



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megurimásu, meguru



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



megurimásu, meguru v ᕙࡽࡱࡌ, ᕙࡾ centers on, surrounds, con-



some; (… ni) (go-)~ o kakemásu …࡞ ࡇ ㏖ᝠࢅ࠾ࡄࡱࡌ cerns causes (one) trouble me-gúsuri n ┘ⷾ࣬╉ⷾ eye lotion, meiwaku-mēru n ㏖ᝠ࣒࣭ࣜ e-mail eye drops spam, junk mail méi n ጬ = meikko ጬࡖᏄ niece méiyo n ྞ・ prestige, honor, …´-mei suffix …ྞ (counts people) glory [BOOKISH] (= …-nin …ெ): ichí-~ mē´kā n ࣒࣭࣭࢜ maker, manuୌྞ one person facturer meibo n ྞ⡑ list (catalog) of me-kákushi n ┘㝻ࡊ a blindfold mekata n ┘᪁ weight names, directory, register, roll méibutsu n ྞ∸ a local specialty, me-kyábetsu n ⰾ࢞ࣔ࣊ࢵ Brussels a special attraction, a famous sprouts mēkyáppu n ࣒࣭࢞ࣔࢴࣈ makeup product méigo-san n ጬᚒࡈࢆ (your) niece mémo n ࣒࣓ memo(-randum), meihaku (na) adj ᪺Ⓣ࡝ clear, note; memo-chō n ࣒࣓ᖋ note pad, obvious, explicit tablet mei-jimásu, mei-jiru v ࿤ࡋࡱࡌ, ࿤ memorii n ࣒࣓࣭ࣛ (computer) ࡋࡾ commands; appoints, nomemory (= yøryø ᐖ㔖): ~ ga tarinai ࣒࣓࣭ࣛ࠿㊂ࡽ࡝࠷ runs minates, orders meijín n ྞெ expert out of memory meimon (no) adj ྞ㛓ࡡ distin- men n 㟻 1. mask 2. face, front guished: ~-(gak-)kø ྞ㛓Ꮥ ᰧ 3. surface (= hyømén ⾪㟻) mén n ⥝ cotton; mén-bō n ⥝Ფ distinguished school meirei n ࿤௦ order, command cotton swab meiro n ㏖㊨ labyrinth, maze mén n ࡴࢆ࣬㯕 noodles mé-isha n ┘࣬╉༈⩽ eye doctor, ménbā n ࣒ࣤࣁ࣭ member mendō n 㟻಻ trouble, bother, oculist meishi n ྞๆ business card, nuisance; mendō na 㟻಻࡝ bothercalling card, name card; meishí-ire some mendori n ࣒ࣤࢺࣛ hen n ྞๆථࡿ business card case meishi n ྞペ noun menjō´ n ඞ≟ license; diploma meisho n ྞᡜ famous place: menkai n 㟻ఌ interview, meeting kankø-~ びකྞᡜ famous sight- (= intabyü ࢕ࣤࢰࣄ࣭ࣖ) ménkyo(-sho) n ඞスチ 1. driver’s seeing spot méiwaku n ㏖ᝠ trouble, bother, license 2. license, permit ménseki n 㟻✒ area nuisance: ~ na ㏖ᝠ࡝ trouble168



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JAPANESE–ENGLISH



mentenansu n ࣒ࣤࢷࢻࣤࢪ main-



tenance ményū n ࣒ࢼ࣭ࣖ menu menzei (no) adj ඞ⛧ࡡ tax-free/exempt: ~-hin ඞ⛧ဗ tax-free



goods mērā n ࣒࣭࣭ࣚ mailer (computer) merii gō rando n ࣒࣭ࣛࢥ࣭ࣚࣤࢺ



merry-go-round merodii n ࣒ࣞࢸ࢔࣭ melody méron n ࣒ࣞࣤ melon mēru n ࣒࣭ࣜ e-mail: ~ bokkusu ࣒࣭ࣜ࣍ࢴࢠࢪ e-mail box meshí n 㣜 cooked rice; a meal meshiagarimásu, meshiagaru v ྇ࡊ ୕࠿ࡽࡱࡌ, ྇ࡊ୕࠿ࡾ [HONORIFIC]



eats; drinks



meshí-bitsu n ࡴࡊࡦࡗ࣬㣜ᷤ rice



bucket/tub meshimásu, mésu v ྇ࡊࡱࡌ, ྇ࡌ



[in FORMAL SPEECH can replace such verbs as kimásu ╌ࡱࡌ (wears), tabemásu 㣏࡬ࡱࡌ (eats), nomimasu 㣟ࡲࡱࡌ (drinks), (kaze o) hikimásu 㢴㑟ࢅ ࡥࡀ ࡱࡌ (catches cold), etc., that



mi…



eye): ~ ga/no warui ┘௛ࡀ࠿ࡡ ᝇ࠷ has evil eyes métta (na) adj ⁓ኣ࡝ reckless, rash métta (ni) adv ⁓ኣ࡞ [ NEGATIVE verb] seldom: ~ ni nakimasen ⁓ ኣ࡞ἵࡀࡱࡎࢆ rarely cries meue (no) n ┘୕ࡡ superior (in status/rank/age) meushi n 㞜∭ cow me-yaní n ┘ࡷ࡞ matter (gum, mucus) from the eye meyásu n ┘Ꮽ 1. a standard 2. guide; aim mezamashi (dokei) n ┘つࡱࡊ᫤゛ alarm clock mezamemásu, mezaméru v ┘つࡴ ࡱࡌ, ┘つࡴࡾ awake mezashimásu, mezásu v ┘ᣞࡊࡱࡌ, ┘ᣞࡌ heads for (a destination) mezurashíi adj ⌃ࡊ࠷ rare, uncommon, novel, curious, unusual, unexpected (but welcome) mezuráshiku adv ⌃ࡊࡂ unusually mi n ᐁ 1. fruit 2. nut: ~ ga tawawani/takusan natteiru ki ᐁ



࠿ࡒࢂࢂ࡞ࡒࡂࡈࢆ࡝ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾ involve the body] meshitá (no) adj ┘ୖࡡ inferior ᮄ trees laden with fruit mi… prefix ᮅ un…; mi-chi (no) (in status/rank/age) meshi-tsúkai n ྇ࡊ౐࠷ servant adj ᮅ▩ࡡ unknown; mi-hakken méssēji n ࣒ࢴࢬ࣭ࢩ message (no) adj ᮅⓆずࡡ undiscovered; mesú n 㞜࣒࣬ࢪ female animal mi-hattatsu (no)/mi-kaihatsu (no) adj mesu n ࣒ࢪ surgeon’s knife ᮅⓆ㐡ࡡ ᮅ㛜Ⓠࡡ unmētā n ࣒࣭ࢰ࣭ meter (device) developed; mi-kaiketsu (no) adj ᮅ mētoru n ࣒࣭ࢹࣜ meter(s) (of ゆỬࡡ unsolved; mi-kai (no) adj ᮅ㛜ࡡ uncultivated, wild; length) mé-tsuki n ┘௛ࡀ a look (in one’s mi-kakunin (no) adj ᮅ☔ヾࡡ 169



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mi



unidentified, unconfirmed; mi-kon (no) adj ᮅ፡ࡡ unmarried: ~ no haha ᮅ፡ࡡẍ unmarried mother; mi-shō (no) adj ᮅリࡡ [BOOKISH] unknown: sakusha-~ ష⩽ᮅリ unknown author; mi-zō (no) adj ᮅ᭧᭯ࡡ [BOOKISH] unprecedented, unheard-of mi n ㌗ body; mi ni amarimásu (amaru) v ㌗࡞ఴࡽࡱࡌఴࡾ : ~ køei desu ㌗࡞ఴࡾකᰜ࡚ࡌ It is an undeserved honor; mi ni shimimásu (shimiru) v ㌗࡞᯹ࡲࡱࡌ᯹ࡲࡾ , mi ni shimimashita (shimita) ㌗ ࡞᯹ࡲࡱࡊࡒ᯹ࡲࡒ ① It went to my heart. ② pierces one’s body: samusa ga ~ ᐨࡈ࠿ ㌗࡞᯹ࡲࡱࡌ The cold pierced me.; mi ni tsukemásu (tsukeru) v ㌗࡞ ࡗࡄࡱࡌࡗࡄࡾ ① wears, puts on ② learns, acquires; mi ni tsumasaremásu (tsumasareru) v ㌗࡞ࡗࡱ ࡈࡿࡱࡌࡗࡱࡈࡿࡾ hits close



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



ࡹࡓࡠࡱࡌ); mi o tatemásu (tateru) v ㌗ࢅ❟࡙ࡱࡌ❟࡙ࡾ estab-



lishes oneself (as…), makes a career; mi o yudanemásu (yudaneru) v ㌗ࢅࡹࡓࡠࡱࡌࡹࡓࡠࡾ surrenders oneself (= mi o makasemásu (makaseru) ㌗ࢅ௴ ࡎࡱࡌ௴ࡎࡾ ) mibō´-jin n ᮅஷெ widow míbun n ㌗ฦ social standing: ~-shømei-sho ㌗ฦチ᪺᭡ ID card



(driver’s license, insurance card, student ID card, alien registration card, etc.) míburi n ㌗ᣲࡽ gesture, movement (= jesuchå ࢩ࢘ࢪࢲ࣭ࣔ) michi n 㐠 1. way, path: ikiru ~ ⏍ ࡀࡾ㐠 the way to live: kami no ~ ♼ࡡ㐠 path of God 2. street, road; michi-bata n 㐠❻ wayside, roadside; michi-jun n 㐠㡨 the way, the route (on the road); michi-zure n 㐠㏻ࡿ travelling companion, fellow traveler michibikimásu, michibíku v ᑙࡀࡱࡌ, ᑙࡂ leads, guides michimásu, michíru v ‫ࡌࡱࡔ‮‬, ‫‮‬ ࡔࡾ gets complete, full midaré n ஗ࡿ disorder, messiness:



to home, feels deeply, sympathizes deeply; mi no okiba ga arimasen (nai) v ㌗ࡡ⨠ࡀሔ࠿࠵ࡽࡱࡎ ࢆ࡝࠷ There is no place to be/ go.; mi o hikimásu (hiku) v ㌗ࢅᘤࡀ ࡱࡌᘤࡂ ① retires ② recedes, kami no ~ o naoshimásu 㧝ࡡ stands down, backs off; mi o iremásu (ireru) v ㌗ࢅථࡿࡱࡌථࡿ ஗ࡿࢅ├ࡊࡱࡌ fixes one’s ࡾ puts oneself; mi o ko(na) ni shite messy hair hatarakimásu (hataraku) v ㌗ࢅ⢂࡞ midaremásu, midaréru v ஗ࡿࡱࡌ, ࡊ഼࡙ࡀࡱࡌ഼ࡂ works hard, ஗ࡿࡾ gets disturbed, dissweats one’s guts out; mi o makaordered semásu (makaseru) v ㌗ࢅ௴ࡎࡱࡌ midashi n ずฝࡊ 1. heading, cap௴ࡎࡾ surrenders oneself ㌗ࢅ tion, headline 2. a dictionary 170



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mimai



entry; a headword 3. contents, miitobōru n ࣐࣭ࢹ࣭࣍ࣜ meatball index, title mijikái adj ▯࠷ short (not long); midashimásu, midásu v ஗ࡊࡱࡌ, brief ஗ࡌ throws into disorder, upsets, mijíkáku adv ▯ࡂ briefly, short mijitaku n ㌗ᨥᗐ dressing oneself disturbs mídori (no) adj ⥫ࡡ green: ~-iro mikagé-ishi n ᚒᙫ▴ granite ⥫Ⰵ green color mikake n ず࠾ࡄ appearance mié n ずᰜ show, display; mikake n ず᤻ࡄ outward appear(dramatic) pose: ~-ppari ずᰜ ance: ~ wa ず᤻ࡄࡢ outwardly, ࡖࡤࡽ a show-off: ~ o harimásu seemingly ずᰜࢅᘿࡽࡱࡌ shows off, puts mikaku n ࿝つ sense of taste míkan n ࣐࢜ࣤ࣬⻜᯷ tangerine, on air miemásu, miéru v ず࠻ࡱࡌ, ず࠻ࡾ mandarin (orange) 1. is visible, can be seen 2. ap- mikata n ࿝᪁ friend), accomplice, pears; shows up, comes 3. seems supporter, side: …no ~ ni tsukimigakimásu, migaku v ☳ࡀࡱࡌ, ☳ másu ࡡ࿝᪁࡞ࡗࡀࡱࡌ takes ࡂ polishes, shines sides with… migara n ㌗ᯮ ~ no køsoku ㌗ᯮ mi-kátá n ず᪁ a viewpoint: …no ~ o kaemásu ࡡず᪁ࢅን࠻ࡱ ࡡᣂᮨ custody migi n ྎ right (not left); migi-ashi n ࡌ changes one’s viewpoint: ~ ྎ㊂ right leg/foot; migi-dónari n ni yotte (wa) ず᪁࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ࡢ ྎ㝼ࡽ next on the right; migi-kiki in a way (no) adj ྎฺࡀࡡ right-handed; mikazuki n ୔᪝᭮ crescent (moon) migi-máwari (ni) adv ྎᅂࡽ࡞ míki n ᖷ trunk (of tree) clockwise; migi-te n ྎᡥ right hand míki n ♼㒿 saké offered to the gods mígoto (na) adj ず஥࡝ splendid, míkisā n ࣐࢞ࢦ࣭ blender mikka n ୔᪝ three days; 3rd day admirable, beautiful migurushíi adj ずⱖࡊ࠷ unseemly, (of month) mikomi n ず㎰ࡲ 1. promise, hope unsightly mí-hako n ୔⟵ three boxfuls 2. outlook, expectation 3. view, mihon n ずᮇ 1. a sample 2. model, opinion mikoshi n ず㉲ࡊ forethought example mii-hā´ n ࣐࣭ࣀ࣭ lowbrow person mikoshi n ࠽ࡲࡆࡊ࣬ᚒ㍷ portable míira n ࣐࢕ࣚ mummy shrine (for festival parades) mii´tingu n ࣐࣭ࢷ࢔ࣤࢡ meeting, mikuji n ࡲࡂࡋ࣬♼⡠ written fortune conference [FORMAL] (= [BOOKISH] mimai n ず⯑࠷ a visit (of solicikáigi ఌ㆗) tude): ~-kyaku ず⯑࠷ᐂ visitor 171



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… míman



… míman suffix …ᮅ‫ ‮‬less than,



below (a quantity, an age) mimásu, míru v ずࡱࡌ, ずࡾ sees, looks, watches; tries doing mimí n ⪝ ear: ~ ga tøi ⪝࠿㐪࠷ is hard of hearing mimi-kázari n ⪝㣥ࡽ earring mimiuchi n ⪝ᡬࡔ whisper(ing) mimoto n ㌗ඔ one’s identity: ~ fumei no shitai ㌗ඔ୘᪺ࡡṒమ



unidentified body



zénbu ධ㒂) : ~ de ࡲࢆ ࡝࡚࣬ ⓑ࡚ altogether minori n ᐁࡽ crop, harvest minorimásu, minóru v ᐁࡽࡱࡌ, ᐁ ࡾ bears fruit; ripens minoshirokin n ㌗௥㔘 ransom mi-no-take n ㌗ࡡ୓ 1. one’s height 2. one’s condition: ~ ni atta seikatsu o shimásu ㌗ࡡ୓࡞ ࠵ࡖࡒ⏍Ὡࢅࡊࡱࡌ lives within



one’s income



minami n ༞ south: ~-guchi ༞ཾ mi-no-ue n ㌗ࡡ୕ one’s station in the south exit/entrance; ~-yori life: ~-banashi ㌗ࡡ୕ヨ one’s (no kaze) ༞ᐞࡽࡡ㢴 southerly life story: ~-sødan ran ㌗ࡡ୕┞ ㄧḅ personal-advice column (wind) Minami-Ámerika n ༞࢓࣒ࣛ࢜ South minshū n Ằ⾏ the masses, the



America



people



mi-naraimásu, mi-narau v ず⩞࠷ࡱࡌ, minshúku n Ằᐙ bed and breakず⩞࠹ follows (learns from) the fast (B&B), family inn, hostelry, minshu-shúgi n Ằ୹୹⩇ democexample of miná-san, mina-sama n ⓑࡈࢆ, ⓑᵕ racy you all, everybody; (you) ladies minto n ࣐ࣤࢹ mint min’yō n Ằㅬ folk song, ballad and gentlemen minato n ῿ port mínzoku n Ằ᪐ (human) race mine n ᓙ peak, summit mioboe n ずつ࠻ recognition mineraru-wōtā n ࣐ࢾ࢚࣭ࣚࣜࢗࢰ mi-okurimásu, mi-okuru v ず㏞ࡽࡱ ࣭ mineral water ࡌ, ず㏞ࡾ sees (them) off mingei(-hin) n Ằⰹဗ folkcraft miomo n ㌗㔔 pregnant female mí ni-… prefix, v ず࡞: mí ni mírai n ᮅᮮ future iku ず࡞⾔ࡂ [goes] to see mirin n ࣐ࣛࣤ࣬࿝㓜 sweet rice minikúi adj 㓮࠷ ugly wine (for cooking) mini-sukāto n ࣐ࢼࢪ࣭࢜ࢹ mini- mirú-gai n ࣐ࣜ࢝࢕࣬ࡲࡾㇽ surf



skirt



clam, geoduck



minkan (no) adj Ằ㛣ࡡ civil(ian), míruku n ࣐ࣜࢠ milk (= gyünyü ∭஘): ~-së´ki ࣐ࣜࢠࢬ࣭࢞ milkprivate (non-government) mi(n)ná n ࡲࢆ ࡝࣬ⓑ everybody, shake all; everything, all, completely (= miryoku n 㨡ງ charm (attraction);



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mitsugo



miryoku-teki (na) adj 魅力的(な)



looks (like); [NOUN] ~ desu みた charming いです, [NOUN] datta ~ desu だ mísa n ミサ (Catholic) mass ったみたいです; verb-(r)u/-tai misairu n ミサイル missile ~ desu –う(る)/たみたいです, misakai-nai/naku adj, adv 見境ない/ [ADJECTIVE]-i/ -katta ~ desu い/ なく indiscriminate(ly) かったみたいです misaki n 岬 cape, headland mitake n 身丈 1. total length of garment 2. one’s height 3. one’s misao n 操 chastity situation mise n 店 store, shop mise-kake (no) adj 見せかけ(の) mitama n 御霊 [HONORIFIC] departsham, make-believe, pretend(ed) ed soul misemásu, miséru v 見せます, 見せ mitame n 見た目 physical appearance る shows mise-mónó n 見せ物 show, exhibi- mitashimásu, mitásu v 満たします, tion, exhibit 満たす fills up, satisfies mishō (no) adj 実生(の) seedling mitate n 見立て diagnosis, selection: isha no ~ 医者の見立て míso n 味噌 (fermented) 1. bean paste (→ miso-shíru 味噌汁) 2. doctor’s opinion: fuku no ~ 服の child who is considered to be 見立て choosing clothes (for someimmature (while playing, etc.) one) misogi n 禊 purification mitei n 未定 to be determined misoji n みそじ・三十路 thirty mitomemásu, mitomeru v 認めます, years old 認める recognizes, acknowledges, admits misoka n 晦日 last day of month misoppa n 味噌っ歯 decayed tooth mitorimásu, mitoru v 看取ります, 看 misora n 身空 oneself, one’s sta取る 1. cares for the sick, nurses tion in life: wakai ~ de… 若い身 2. attends to someone on his/her deathbed 空で... …at such a young age miso-shíru n 味噌汁 soup seasoned mitorizu n 見取り図 blueprint, with miso, miso soup sketch missetsu (na) adj 密接(な) thick, mitōshi n 見通し prospect, outlook dense; close, intimate mikoshi 見越し forethought misu n 御簾 bamboo blind mítsú n 三つ = mittsú 三つ (three) mísu n ミス miss, mistake mítsu n ミツ・蜜 honey; mitsú-bachi n ミツバチ・蜜蜂 (honey-)bee … mítai desu …みたいです (= … no yø´desu (/da, na, de, ni) …の mitsugo n 三つ子 1. triplets 2. three year-old (child) 様です(/だ, な, で ,に) seems/ 173



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mitsukarimásu, mitsukaru



mitsukarimásu, mitsukaru v ずࡗ࠾ࡽ ࡝ enchanting ࡱࡌ, ずࡗ࠾ࡾ is found, discov- miya n ᐋ 1. o-miya ࠽ᐋ Shinto ered; it turns up shrine 2. prince, princess mitsukemásu, mitsukeru v ずࡗࡄࡱ miyage n 土産 souvenir miyako n 㒌 capital city ࡌ, ずࡗࡄࡾ finds, discovers mi-tsumemásu, mi-tsumeru v ずࡗࡴ miyori n ㌗ᐞࡽ relatives: ~ no nai ࡱࡌ, ずࡗࡴࡾ gazes at, stares at kodomo ㌗ᐞࡽࡡ࡝࠷Ꮔ౩ child mi-tsumori n ず✒ࡵࡽ an estimate who has no relatives (to rely mi-tsumorimásu, mi-tsumóru v ず✒ on): no nai otoshiyori/kørei-sha tachi ㌗ᐞࡽࡡ࡝࠷࠽ᖳᐞࡽ㧏 ࡵࡽࡱࡌ, ず✒ࡵࡾ estimates, 㱃⩽ࡒࡔ old people who have rates mítsu (na) adj ᐠ࡝ dense, thick no (supportive) relatives mitsurin n ᐠᯐ jungle mizo n ‹ drain, ditch, gutter mitsuyu n ᐠ㍲ smuggling mizoochi n 㫸ᑹ pit of the stomach mittsú n ୔ࡗ three; three years mizore n 㟋 sleet old (= san-sai ୔ṋ): mittsu-mé mizu n Ề(not hot) water: tsumetai ୔ࡗ┘ third ~ ෫ࡒ࠷Ề cold water: nurui ~ mittsū n ᐠ㏳ adultery, intrigue ࡟ࡾ࠷Ề lukewarm water; mizubúsoku n Ề୘㊂ water shortage; miuchi n ㌗හ family, close relamizu-gi n Ề╌ swim suit, bathing tives and close friends miugoki n, v ㌗ິࡀ [(usually) suit; mizu-taki n Ề⅍ࡀ chicken, +NEGATIVE] 1. moving oneself: bean curd, etc., dipped into hot man’indensha de ~ (ga) toremasen broth till ready to eat; mizu-wari ‫‮‬ဤ㞹㌬࡚㌗ິࡀ࠿ ࡛ࡿࡱࡎࢆ n Ề๪ࡽ (highball of) whisky is stuck on a packed train 2. acts and water freely: shigoto ga isogashikute ~ mizū´mi n ‘ lake (ga) toremasen ௘஥࠿ᚹࡊࡂ࡙ mo n ႕ mourning: ~ ni fukushi㌗ິࡀ࠿ ࡛ࡿࡱࡎࢆ is tied up másu ႕࡞᭱ࡊࡱࡌ mourns (the



with busy work



passing)



mi-ukemásu, mi-ukéru v ずུࡄࡱࡌ, … mo suffix, prep …ࡵ too, also, ずུࡄࡾ observes, happens to even; (not)… either/even; indeed; see; appears (to be) number mo ࡵ [+ NEGATIVE] not mi-wakemásu, mi-wakéru v ずฦࡄࡱ even (so much as), [+ AFFIRMATIVE] ࡌ, ずฦࡄࡾ discriminates, distin- as many/much as, all of … mo … mo conj …ࡵ…ࡵ both guishes miwaku n 㨡ᝠ [BOOKISH] enchant- …and …; [+ NEGATIVE] neither ment; miwaku teki (na) adj 㨡ᝠⓏ … nor …



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mōkarimásu, mōkáru



mō´ adv ࡵ࠹ already; now: ~ súgu ࡵ࠹ࡌࡃ right away mō adj ࡵ࠹ more; (not) … any more: ~ hitóri ࡵ࠹ୌெ another (one more) person; ~ hitótsu ࡵ࠹ ୌࡗ another, one more, the other one; ~ ichi-dó/ík-kái ࡵ࠹ୌᗐ ୌᅂ one more time, again; ~ sukóshi ࡵ࠹ᑛࡊ (a bit) more mochi n 㣨 rice cake mochi-agemásu, mochi-agéru v ᣚࡔ ୕ࡅࡱࡌ, ᣚࡔ୕ࡅࡾ lifts mochi-awase n ᣚࡔྙࢂࡎ what is



modorimásu, modóru v ᡘࡽࡱࡌ, ᡘ ࡾ goes back, returns, reverts modoshimásu, modósu v ᡘࡊࡱࡌ, ᡘࡌ 1. vomits 2. sends back,



returns moegara n ⇖࠻Ṿ cinder(s) moemásu, moeru v ⇖࠻ࡱࡌ, ⇖࠻ ࡾ (fire) burns mō´fu n ẗᕱ blanket mōfuku n ႕᭱ mourning dress mogi n ᶅ᧻ imitation; mogi-shiken n ᶅ᧻ム㥺 trial test, mock



examination mogura n ࣓ࢡࣚ࣬ᅰ❫ a mole



on hand (in stock) mochi-awasemásu, mochi-awaséru v ᣚࡔྙࢂࡎࡱࡌ, ᣚࡔྙࢂࡎࡾ



(rodent) mogurí n ₧ࡽ diving; a diver mogurimásu, mogúru v ₧ࡽࡱࡌ, ₧ ࡾ dives (under); gets into (bed);



has on hand (in stock) mochiba n ᣚࡔሔ one’s post of



duty



goes under(ground)



mochi-gome n ࡵࡔ⡷ glutinous rice mochiimásu, mochiíru v ⏕࠷ࡱࡌ, ⏕࠷ࡾ uses mochimásu, mótsu v ᣚࡔࡱࡌ, ᣚࡗ



mohan n ᶅ⠂ model, pattern, example (= mihon ずᮇ, tehon ᡥᮇ: ~ o shimeshimásu ᶅ⠂ࢅ ♟ࡊࡱࡌ gives an example; mohan-sei n ᶅ⠂⏍ model student; has, holds, carries; it lasts mochí-mono n ᣚࡔ∸ 1. belongings mohan-kaitō n ᶅ⠂ゆ➽ model 2. what to bring: “~: hikki yøgu” answers ࠔᣚࡔ∸ ➱エ⏕රࠕ“what to mohaya adv ࡵࡢࡷ [ NEGATIVE



bring: writing instrument”



verb] no longer



mochí-nushi n ᣚࡔ୹ owner móji n ᩝᏊ letter, character, mochíron adv ࡵࡔࢀࢆ of course, writing: ø-~ ኬᩝᏊ capital letter, certainly upper-case letter: ko-~ ᑚᩝᏊ mōchō n ┛⭘ appendix; mōchō´(-en) lower-case letter; moji-dōri adv ᩝ n ┛⭘ⅎ appendicitis Ꮚ࡜࠽ࡽ literally mōchū n ႕୯ mourning period mōjín n ┛ெ blind person modemu n ࣓ࢸ࣑ modem mōkarimásu, mōkáru v ආ࠾ࡽࡱࡌ, moderu n ࣓ࢸࣜ model ආ࠾ࡾ is profitable, it makes mōdō-ken n ┛ᑙ≗ seeing-eye dog money



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mokei



mokei n ᶅᆵ model, mold (= moderu ࣓ࢸࣜ); mokei-hikōki n ᶅ ᆵ㣍⾔ᶭ model airplane; mokeijidōsha n ᶅᆵ⮤ິ㌬ model car mōkemásu, mōkéru v ආࡄࡱࡌ, ආ ࡄࡾ makes money, profits mōkemásu, mōkéru v シࡄࡱࡌ, シ ࡄࡾ prepares, sets up Mō´ko n ⵒཿ Mongolia (= mongoru ࣓ࣤࢥࣜ): Møko-jin ⵒཿெ a



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



mokutō n 㯪⚇ silent prayer: giseisha ni ippun-kan/sanpun-kan no ~ o sasagemásu ≓∽⩽࡞ฦ 㛣3ฦ㛣ࡡ㯪⚇ࢅᤕࡅࡱࡌ offers



a one-minute/three-minutes silent prayer for the victims Mokuyō´(bi) n ᮄ᭑᪝ Thursday mokuyoku n ỻᾆ bathing, washing oneself (to clean) mokuzai n ᮄᮞ wood mokuzen (no) adj ┘๑ࡡ immeMongolian mokugeki n ┘ᦹ witness; mokugeki- diate: ~ no rieki ┘๑ࡡฺ─ sha n ┘ᦹ⩽ a witness, an eyeimmediate advantage mome-goto n ᥛࡴ஥ discord, tiff, witness mokuhan (-ga) n ᮄ∟⏤ woodtrouble: o okoshimásu ᥛࡴ஥ࢅ ㉫ࡆࡊࡱࡌ causes troubles block print mokuhyō n ┘ᵾ target, goal: ~ o/wa momemásu, momeru v ᥛࡴࡱࡌ, ᥛ takaku mote! ┘ᵾࢅࡢ㧏ࡂᣚ ࡴࡾ 1. is in discord/trouble: ki ga ~ Ẵ࠿ᥛࡴࡱࡌ feels uneasy/ ࡙ Shoot for the moon! mokuji n ┘ḗ (table of) contents troubled 2. can massage (rub mokuroku n ┘㘋 catalog, list, table, with both hands) momen n ᮄ⥝ cotton inventory Mokusei n ᮄ᫅ Jupiter momi n ࡵࡲ࣬⡼ unhulled rice mokusō n 㯪᝷ meditation mómi n ࣓࣐ fir mokután n ᮄ⅛ charcoal mómiji n ࣓࣐ࢩ࣬⣒ⴝ 1. maple mokuteki n ┘Ⓩ aim, objective, 2. autumn leaves purpose, end, goal (= nerai ≲࠷, momimásu, momu v ᥛࡲࡱࡌ, ᥛࡳ mato Ⓩ, mokuhyø ┘ᵾ): ~ no massages, rubs with both hands tame ni (wa) shudan o erabima- momo n ࣓࣓࣬᱀ peach sen ┘Ⓩࡡࡒࡴ࡞ࡢ ᡥṹࢅ㐽 mómo n ⫝̸ thigh ࡦࡱࡎࢆ uses any trick to momohiki n ⫝̸ᘤࡀ longjohns; achieve one’s ends; mokutekí-chi drawers (= zubón-shita ࢫ࣍ࣤୖ) n ┘Ⓩᆀ destination, goal: ~ ni momo-iro (no) adj ᱀Ⰵࡡ pink, (tadori-)tsukimásu ┘Ⓩᆀ࡞㎲ࡽ rosy: ~ hada ᱀Ⰵࡡ⫑ pink skin ╌ࡀࡱࡌ arrives at one’s … món … interj ࡵࢆ (mostly fedestination; mokuteki-go n ┘Ⓩㄊ male; informal, baby talk) (grammar) object because (= … monó… ࡵࡡ): 176



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JAPANESE–ENGLISH



mō´ra shimásu (suru)



(baby talk or female) datte sø da món desu …ࡊࡒࡵࡡࡵࢆ࡚ࡌ ~ (monó) ࡓࡖ࡙ࡐ࠹ࡓࡵࢆࡵࡡ used to do món n ⣘ family crest monó n ⩽ person, fellow [BOOKISH] món n 㛓 gate; món-ban/mon-ei n 㛓 (= hito ெ) ␊㛓⾠ gatekeeper, watchman, monogátari n ∸ㄊ tale, legend monógoto n ∸஥ things, everything guard, porter; mon-gen n 㛓㝀 monohoshisō (na/ni) adj, adv ∸ḟ curfew Monbu-Kagaku-daijin n ᩝ㒂⛁Ꮥኬ⮟ ࡊࡐ࠹࡝࡞ wistful(ly) Minister of Education, Culture, monomane n ࡵࡡࡱࡠ࣬∸┷జ Sports, Science and Technology mimic(ry), impersonation Monbú-Kagaku-shō n ᩝ㒂⛁Ꮥ┤ mono-óboe n ∸つ࠻ memory: ~ ga Ministry of Education, Culture, ii ∸つ࠻࠿࠷࠷ is quick to learn Sports, Science and Technology (= nomikomi ga hayai ࡡࡲ㎰ࡲ ࠿᪡࠷): ~ ga warui ∸つ࠻࠿ᝇ (MEXT) mondai n ၡ㢗 1. question, topic, ࠷ is slow to learn mono-óki n ∸⨠ࡀ shed (storesubject, exercise: ~ ni naránai ၡ㢗࡞࡝ࡼ࡝࠷ unimportant house) 2. problem, issue, trouble (= monorē´ru n ࣓ࢿ࣭ࣝࣜ monorail toraburu ࢹࣚࣇࣜ) monorōgu n ࣓ࢿ࣭ࣞࢡ soliloquy, mongái-kan n 㛓አ₆ outsider, monologue (= dokuhaku ≺Ⓣ) nonspecialist, layman: keizai (ni monosashi n ∸ᕣࡊ ruler (foot kanshite) wa ~ desu ⤊ῥ࡞㛭ࡊ rule); measure; criterion ࡙ ࡢ㛓አ₆࡚ࡌ is a layman in mono-sugói adj ∸෴࠷ terrible, economics awesome Mongoru n ࣓ࣤࢥࣜ Mongolia mono-súgóku adv ∸෴ࡂ terribly, (= møko ⵒཿ); Mongoru-jin n ࣓ࣤ extremely ࢥࣜெ a Mongolian; Mongoru-go n monózukí (na) adj ∸ይࡀ࡝ ࣓ࣤࢥࣜㄊ Mongolian (language) curious, inquisitive mónku n ᩝྀ 1. phrase: utai-~ ㅳ monshō n ⣘❮ family crest ࠷ᩝྀ a motto, catchphrase, moppara adv ᑍࡼ principally, slogan: odoshi-~ ⬛ࡊᩝྀ chiefly threatening words 2. complaint: móppu n ࣓ࢴࣈ mop ~ no tsukeyø ga arimasen ᩝྀࡡ moraimásu, morau v ࡵࡼ࠷ࡱࡌ, ࡵ ࡗࡄࡻ࠹࠿࠵ࡽࡱࡎࢆ is perfect ࡼ࠹ receives, gets; has someone monó n ∸ thing, object, article, do it mō´ra shimásu (suru) v ⥑⨮ࡊࡱࡌ something, stuff …mono suffix ࡵࡡ … shita ~/ ࡌࡾ includes, comprises, 177



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morashimásu, morásu



covers (all): ~ shita … ⥑⨮ࡊ ࡒ… exhaustive, complete morashimásu, morásu v ⁻ࡼࡊࡱࡌ, ⁻ࡼࡌ lets leak; reveals moremásu, moréru v ⁻ࡿࡱࡌ, ⁻ࡿ ࡾ leaks out; is omitted; it leaks mori n ᲻ woods, forest morimásu, moru v ┊ࡽࡱࡌ, ┊ࡾ



moshi-ka-shitara adv ࡵࡊ࠾ࡊࡒࡼ, moshi-ka-suru to ࡵࡊ࠾ࡌࡾ࡛



perhaps mōshi-komi n ⏞ࡊ㎰ࡲ application;



reservation, subscription; proposal, offer mōshi-komimásu, mōshi-kómu v ⏞ࡊ ㎰ࡲࡱࡌ, ⏞ࡊ㎰ࡳ applies; heaps/piles it up reserves, subscribes; proposes, morimásu, móru v ⁻ࡽࡱࡌ, ⁻ࡾ offers mōshikomí-sha n ⏞ࡊ㎰ࡲ⩽࣬⏞ it leaks morói adj ࡵࢀ࠷࣬⬜࠷ brittle, ㎰⩽ applicant mōshimásu, mō´su v ⏞ࡊࡱࡌ, ⏞ࡌ frail morote n ࡵࢀ࡙࣬ㅎᡥ both [HUMBLE] 1. I say (= møshi-agehands: ~ o agete sansei shimásu másu ⏞ࡊ୕ࡅࡱࡌ) 2. I humbly ㅎᡥࢅᣪࡅ࡙㈮ᠺࡊࡱࡌ totally do (= itashimásu ⮬ࡊࡱࡌ) móshi-moshi! interj ࡵࡊࡵࡊ! agrees morotomo n ࡵࢀ࡛ࡵ together hello! hey! say there! (on the [BOOKISH]: shinaba ~ Ṓ࡝ࡣࡵࢀ phone) ࡛ࡵ go to the grave together mō´shitate n ⏞ࡊ❟࡙ statement, mō´ru n ࣓࣭ࣜ braid testimony, allegation moruhine n ࣓ࣜࣃࢾ morphine mō´shi-wake n ⏞ࡊズ excuse: móshi (… shitára) conj ࡵࡊ …ࡊ [FORMAL] ~ arimasén/gozaimasén ⏞ࡊズ࠵ࡽࡱࡎࢆࡇࡉ࠷ࡱࡎࢆ ࡒࡼ if, perchance mō´shi-agemásu, mō´shi-agéru v ⏞ࡊ I am very sorry. ୕ࡅࡱࡌ, ⏞ࡊ୕ࡅࡾ [HUMBLE] mō´shon n ࣓࣭ࢨࣘࣤ motion; I say sexual overture, pass: … ni ~ o mōshi-de n ⏞ࡊฝ proposal, offer; kakemásu …࡞࣓࣭ࢨࣘࣤࢅ࠾ ࡄࡱࡌ makes a pass at, makes report, application, claim mōshi-demásu, mōshi-déru v ⏞ࡊฝ eyes at ࡱࡌ, ⏞ࡊฝࡾ proposes, offers; Mosukuwa n ࣓ࢪࢠ࣠ Moscow mō´tā n ࣓࣭ࢰ࣭ motor; mōtā-bōto reports, applies for, claims n ࣓࣭ࢰ࣭࣭࣍ࢹ motorboat mōshi-ire n ⏞ࡊථࡿ (public) motaremásu, motaréru v ࡵࡒࡿࡱࡌ, proposal, offering mōshi-iremásu, mōshi-iréru v ⏞ࡊථ ࡵࡒࡿࡾ: ( … ni) ~ …࡞ ࡵࡒ ࡿࡱࡌ, ⏞ࡊථࡿࡾ (publicly) ࡿࡱࡌ leans (against …) motasemásu, motaséru v ᣚࡒࡎࡱࡌ, proposes, offers 178



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mu...



ᣚࡒࡎࡾ lets one have, provides



complicated: shitá ga ~ ⯁࠿ࡵࡗ ࡿࡱࡌ lisps (one with), gives motemásu, motéru v ᣚ࡙ࡱࡌ, ᣚ࡙ mottai-nái adj ࡵࡖࡒ࠷࡝࠷ ࡾ 1. is popular, well-liked 1. undeserving 2. wasteful 2. can hold motte ikimásu (iku) v ᣚࡖ࡙⾔ࡀࡱ motenashi n ࡵ࡙࡝ࡊ hospitality ࡌ⾔ࡂ takes, carries; brings mōteru n ࣓࣭ࢷࣜ motel (to you, there) motó n ඔ࣬ᮇ origin, source; mótte imásu (iru) v ᣚࡖ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ ࠷ࡾ has, holds, owns, possesses cause (of an effect) motó n ୖ (at the) foot (of), under motte itte v ᣚࡖ࡙⾔ࡖ࡙ taking …-moto suffix …ඔ the source of it: ~ kudasái ᣚࡖ࡙⾔ࡖ࡙ୖࡈ ࠷ please take it with you an activity: shuppan-~ ฝ∟ඔ the publisher(s); hanbai-~ ㈅኉ motte kimásu (kúru) v ᣚࡖ࡙ᮮࡱࡌ ඔ sales agency ᮮࡾ brings (to me, here) móto (no) adj ඔࡡ former, motte-kói (no) adj ࡵࡖ࡙ࡆ࠷ࡡ earlier, original: móto kara ඔ࠾ most desirable, ideal; just the ࡼ from the beginning, always, thing/ticket mótto adv ࡵࡖ࡛ more, still more; all along motomemásu, motoméru v ịࡴࡱࡌ, longer, further: ~ íi ࡵࡖ࡛࠷࠷ ịࡴࡾ 1. wants, looks for better; ~ warúi ࡵࡖ࡛ᝇ࠷ worse; 2. asks for, demands 3. buys, gets ~ takusán ࡵࡖ࡛ࡒࡂࡈࢆ lots motomoto adv ඔࠍ from the start, more; ~ saki (ni) ࡵࡖ࡛඙࡞ originally; by nature, naturally: further …-témo ~ désu … ࡙ࡵඔࠍ࡚ࡌ móttomo adv, conj ࡵࡖ࡛ࡵ 1. is no worse off even if …, it will indeed, of course 2. but, however, to be sure do no harm to … móto wa adv ඔࡢ originally; móttómo adv ᭩ࡵ most; exceedingly móya n ࡵࡷ࣬㟥 mist, haze earlier, before mótó-yori adv ࡵ࡛ࡻࡽ from the moyashi n ࣓ࣕࢨ bean sprouts moyō n ᶅᵕ pattern, design beginning; by nature motozukimásu, motozúku v ᇱࡘࡀ moyōshimásu, moyō´su v തࡊࡱࡌ, ࡱࡌ, ᇱࡘࡂ is based on; conതࡌ holds/gives (an event); feels forms to mozaiku n ࣓ࢧ࢕ࢠ mosaic motsuré n ࡵࡗࡿ tangle, entangle- mozō n ᶅ㏸ imitation; mozō-hin n ᶅ㏸ဗ imitation products ment; complications motsuremásu, motsureru v ࡵࡗࡿ mu... prefix ↋ un-, without…, ࡱࡌ, ࡵࡗࡿࡾ gets entangled/ …less; mu-bō (na) adj ↋ㅓ࡝ 179



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múchi



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



reckless; mu-chákuriku (no) adj múchi n 㠬 a whip ↋╌㝛ࡡ non-stop (flight); mú- muchū n ከ୯ trance, ecstasy: … cha (na) adj ↋Ⲍ࡝ unreasonable; ni ~ ni narimásu …࡞ከ୯࡞࡝ reckless; disorderly; mú-chi n ↋ ࡽࡱࡌ gets entranced with ▩ ignorance; mu-dan (de) adj ↋ (engrossed in) … ࡚᩷ without notice, without muda-bánashi n ↋㥇ヨ idle talk, permission; mu-ími (na) adj ↋ណ hot air, bull ࿝࡝ meaningless; mu-íshiki (no/na) muda (na) adj ↋㥇࡝ futile, no adj ↋ណㆉࡡ࡝ unconscious, good, wasteful; useless: mudaashi ↋㥇㊂ fool’s errand involuntary; mu-jō´ken (no) adj ↋ ᮪௲ࡡ unconditional: ~ no ai muda-zúkai n ↋㥇౐࠷ extrava↋᮪௲ࡡយ unconditional love; gance, waste mu-jō (na) adj ↋᝗࡝ heartless, múgi n 㯇 wheat, barley unfeeling; mu-kánkaku (na) adj ↋ mugi-wara n 㯇ࢂࡼ straw វつ࡝ numb; mu-kánkei (no/na) mugói adj ࡳࡇ࠷ cruel, brutal muika n ඵ᪝ six days; the 6th day adj ↋㛭౿ࡡ࡝ : … to mukánkei …࡛↋㛭౿ࡡ࡝ (of month): ~-mé ඵ᪝┘ the 6th unrelated (unconnected, irrelevant) day to …; mu-kidō (no) adj ↋㌮㐠ࡡ mujun n □┢ inconsistency, reckless, trackless; mu-kigen (no/ni) contradiction adj, adv ↋᭿㝀ࡡ࡞ indefi- mukade n ࣑࢜ࢸ࣬Ⓤ㊂ centipede nite(ly); mu-kimei (no) adj ↋エྞ mukae ㎼࠻ n a welcome ࡡ unsigned, unregistered; mu-kō mukaemásu, mukaeru v ㎼࠻ࡱࡌ, (no/na) adj ↋ຝࡡ࡝ invalid ㎼࠻ࡾ meets; welcomes; invites mukai-kaze n ྡྷ࠾࠷㢴 headwind (not valid), null; mu-sékinin (na) mukaimásu, mukau v ྡྷ࠾࠷ࡱࡌ, adj ↋㈈௴࡝ irresponsible; mu-shoku (no) adj ↋Ⰵࡡ colorྡྷ࠾࠹: … ni ~ …࡞ྡྷ࠾࠷ࡱࡌ less(ness); mu-teki n ↋ᩓ invinopposes; heads for múkamuka shimásu v ࡳ࠾ࡳ࠾>࣑ cibility, too strong to have as ࣑࢜࢜@ࡊࡱࡌ is queasy, feels rival: tenka-~ ኮୖ↋ᩓ having no rival in the world; mu-tón-chaku/- nauseated jaku (na) adj ↋㡳╌↋⮤つ࡝ mukashi n ᪿ long (time) ago; careless; mú-yō (no) adj ↋⏕ࡡ ancient days; mukashi no adj ᪿࡡ unnecessary; useless; having no ancient, old(-en); mukashi-bánashi business; mú-zai (no) adj ↋⨝ࡡ n ᪿヨ legend; folk tale; mukashi kará no adj ᪿ࠾ࡼࡡ old (from innocent, not guilty; muzō´sa (na) adj ↋㏸ష࡝ effortless, easy way back) 180



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múshi shimásu (suru)



mukemásu, mukeru v ྡྷࡄࡱࡌ, ྡྷ ࡄࡾ turns (one’s face/eyes/



together murásaki n 1. murásaki (no) ⣰ࡡ attention to), directs/points it (at) purple 2. ⣰ soy sauce …-muke (no) suffix, adj …ྡྷࡄࡡ muré n ⩄ࡿ group, throng, flock (bound/intended) for …: kazoku-~ múri 1. n ↋⌦ strain, (undue) (no) ᐓ᪐ྡྷࡄࡡ for family force: ~ (o) shimásu ↋⌦ࢅ ࡊ mukimásu, muku v ྡྷࡀࡱࡌ, ྡྷࡂ ࡱࡌ overdoes, overworks, forces faces oneself 2. ~ na ↋⌦࡝ unreasonmukimásu, muku v ๡ࡀࡱࡌ,๡ࡂ able, forced; violent; overdoing; (… no kawá o ~ … ࡡ⓮ࢅ๡ࡀࡱ (over-)demanding; muri mo arimasen (nai) v ↋⌦ࡵ࠵ࡽࡱࡎࢆ࡝࠷ ࡌ) skins, pares, peels …-muki (no) suffix, adj …ྡྷࡀࡡ no wonder; múri wa nái adj ↋⌦ ࡢ࡝࠷ it is no wonder that…; facing; (suitable) for … múko n ፯ son-in-law; bridegroom muriyari adv ↋⌦▦⌦ forcibly mukō prep, adv ྡྷࡆ࠹ 1. beyond; muryō (no) adj ↋ᩩࡡ free of across the way, over there: ~ no charge: ~-chü´shajø ↋ᩩ㥌㌬ሔ ྡྷࡆ࠹ࡡ opposite, facing 2. → free parking mukō-gawa n ྡྷࡆ࠹ഁ the other musen n ↋⥲ radio; wireless; musen-ran n ↋⥲ LAN wireless side/party, the opposite side; mukō´-mizu (na) adj ྡྷࡆ࠹ずࡍ LAN, Wi-Fi (computer) mushi n ࣑ࢨ࣬⹰ insect, bug; moth; ࡝ reckless, rash mukuimásu, mukuíru v ሒ࠷ࡱࡌ, worm: ~ no iki ⹰ࡡ᜝ breathing ሒ࠷ࡾ [BOOKISH] repays; comfaintly, being at death’s door; mushi-megane n ⹰╉㙶 magnifying pensates mumei (no) adj ↋ྞࡡ nameless, glass; mushi-yoke n ⹰ࡻࡄ insect anonymous; obscure repellent; mothballs munashii adj ✭ࡊ࠷࣬⹣ࡊ࠷ mushi n ↋ち neglect, ignorance mushi-atsúi adj ⵠࡊᬤ࠷ muggy, empty; futile, in vain muné n ⬒ 1. chest, breast 2. heart, close, sultry, humid mushi-ba n ⹰ṉ decayed tooth mind muné n ᪠ gist, intent, effect mushimásu, músu v ⵠࡊࡱࡌ, ⵠࡌ muné n Ჯ ridge (of roof) steams it; is sultry, humid murá n ᮟ village: ~-bito, ~ no hito mushí-mono n ⵠࡊ∸ steamed foods ᮟெ, ᮟࡡெ village people: ~ múshiro adv ࡳࡊࢀ rather; preferhachibu ᮟඳฦ ostracism ably muragarimásu, muragáru v ⩄࠿ࡽࡱ múshi shimásu (suru) v ↋ちࡊࡱࡌ ࡌ, ⩄࠿ࡾ they flock/throng ࡌࡾ ignores, neglects, disregards 181



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musō



musō n ከ᝷ dream, imagination; itchy, crawly, creepy musō-ka n ከ᝷ᐓ dreamer myakú n ⬞: myakuhaku ⬞ᢷ musubi n ࡳࡌࡦ riceball pulse: ~ o hakarimásu ⬞ࢅ゛ࡽ musubimásu, musubu v ⤎ࡦࡱࡌ, ࡱࡌ checks one’s pulse (rate) ⤎ࡩ ties, ties up: nékutai o ~ ࢾ myō… prefix ᪺ tomorrow…; ࢠࢰ࢕ࢅ⤎ࡦࡱࡌ wears a tie myō´-ban n, adv ᪺ᬄ [BOOKISH] musuko n ᜝Ꮔ son: ~-san ᜝Ꮔࡈ tomorrow night; myō-chō n, adv ࢆ (your/someone else’s) son ᪺᭽ [BOOKISH] tomorrow musume n ፃ daughter; girl: ~-san morning; myō-gó-nichi n, adv ᪺ᚃ ፃࡈࢆ (your/someone else’s) ᪝ [BOOKISH] day after tomorrow daughter, lady (= asatte ࠵ࡈࡖ࡙᪺࣬ᚃ᪝); musū´ (no) adj ↋ᩐࡡ countless, myō´-nichi n, adv ᪺᪝ tomorrow innumerable (= ashita, asu ᪺᪝) mutsu n ࣑ࢵ big eye fish myōga n ࣐ࣘࢗ࢝࣬ⱶⲬ Japanese mutsukashii, muzukashii adj 㞬ࡊ࠷ ginger (buds) myō´ji, miyoji n ྞᏊ࣬ⱉᏊ family hard, difficult muttsú n ඵࡗ࣬6ࡗ six (= rok-ko 6 name [as written] (= sei ጞ) ಴); six years old (= roku-sai ඵṋ) myō´(na) adj ዼ࡝ strange, queer, múyami (ni) adv ↋㜄࡞ recklessly; wondrous indiscriminately; immoderately myūjikaru n ࣐࣭ࣖࢩ࢜ࣜ musical múzumuzu suru adj ࡳࡍࡳࡍࡌࡾ (show)



N n´ (“un”) n ࢆ࠹ࢆ uh-huh, yeah ྞࡡ࠵ࡾ famous; na no tōtta adj [INFORMAL] (= hai ࡢ࠷ [FORMAL]) ྞࡡ㏳ࡖࡒ well-known; na o nq´ (“ūn”) n ࢆ࣭࠹࣭ࢆ hmm, nokoshimásu (nokosu) v ྞࢅṟࡊࡱ ࡌ, ṟࡌ earns one’s place; na wa well, let’s see …´n … suffix …ࢆ… = …´no … tai o arawasu ྞࡢమࢅ⾪ࡌ please …ࡡ…: …´n desu (da) …ࢆ࡚ࡌ show your name ná n ⳧ greens, vegetables ࡓ it’s that … na n ྞ name (= namae ྞ๑); … na! interj …࡝! Don’t … ! na bakari (no) adj ྞࡣ࠾ࡽࡡ … ná/nā´ interj …࡝࡝࠵ (usunominal; na-dakái adj ྞ㧏࠷ ally male) = … né/në´ …ࡠࡠ࠻ famous; na-fuda n ྞᮈ name (female) isn’t it, don’t you think/ plate/tag; dog tag; na no aru adj agree



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nábe n 㘘 1. pan, pot 2. food



cooked and served in a pan nadamemásu, nadaméru v ᐅࡴࡱࡌ, ᐅࡴࡾ soothes, pacifies nadare n 㞯ᓻ avalanche; snowslide nademásu, nadéru v ᧑࡚ࡱࡌ, ᧑࡚ ࡾ strokes, smooths, pats, pets … nádo suffix …࡝࡜࣬➴ and so



forth/on, and what-not, and the like



nai-…



nagaremásu, nagaréru v Ὦࡿࡱࡌ, Ὦࡿࡾ flows nágasa n 㛏ࡈ length Nagásaki n 㛏ᓧ Nagasaki; ~-shi 㛏ᓧᕰ Nagasaki City nagashí n Ὦࡊ kitchen sink nagashimásu, nagásu v Ὦࡊࡱࡌ, Ὦࡌ lets it flow, washes away naga(t)tarashii n 㛏ࡖ ࡒࡼࡊ࠷



náe n ⱉ seedling: ~-doko ⱉᗃ



[IN NEGATIVE SENSE] lengthy, tedious: ~ enzetsu 㛏ࡒࡼࡊ࠷ⁿㄕ lengthy speech naga-ya n 㛏ᒁ tenement house droops, withers naemásu, naéru v ࡝࠻ࡱࡌ, ࡝࠻ࡾ nage-ire v ᢖࡅථࡿ a flower can twist it (into a rope) arrangement (in a tall vase) nafutarin n ࢻࣆࢰࣛࣤ mothballs nagekimásu, nagéku v Ⴟࡀࡱࡌ, Ⴟ naga-… prefix 㛏 long; nagaࡂ grieves, weeps, moans, laments chōba n 㛏୍ሔ [BOOKISH] time- nagemásu, nagéru v ᢖࡅࡱࡌ, ᢖࡅ ࡾ throws consuming: ~-chøba no shigoto 㛏୍ሔࡡ௘஥ time-consuming nage-nawa n ᢖࡅ⦎ lasso nagisa n ࡝ࡁࡈ࣬῭ water’s edge, work; naga-gutsu n 㛏㠈 boots; naga-iki n 㛏⏍ࡀ longevity, long beach, shore life; naga-sode n 㛏⾿ long sleeves, nagori n ྞṟ traces, remains, long-sleeved garment; naga-yu n remnant 㛏… a long bath nagurimásu, nagúru v Ṹࡽࡱࡌ, Ṹ nagái adj 㛏࠷ long ࡾ knocks, beats, strikes nagaku adv 㛏ࡂ long nagusame n ័ࡴ comfort, consonagamé n ╈ࡴ view, scenery lation nagamemásu, nagaméru v ╈ࡴࡱࡌ, nagusamemásu, nagusaméru v ័ࡴ ╈ࡴࡾ gazes/stares at, views ࡱࡌ, ័ࡴࡾ comforts, consoles … (-)nágara suffix, adv …࡝࠿ࡼ nagusami n ័ࡲ amusement, while (during/although) entertainment nagaré n Ὦࡿ a stream, a flow; nái v ࡝࠷ = arimasén ࠵ࡽࡱࡎࢆ nagare-sagyō n Ὦࡿషᴏ assembly (there is no …, lacks, has no …) nai-… prefix හ within, in(-side), line; nagare-zu n Ὦࡿᅒ flow chart inner, internal; nái-bu (no) adj හ nagaré-boshi n Ὦࡿ᫅ shooting star 㒂ࡡ internal; naibu-kokuhatsu n 183 seedbed



naemásu, naéru v ⴆ࠻ࡱࡌ, ⴆ࠻ࡾ



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…´-nai



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



හ㒂࿈Ⓠ exposing from within, mately: senen-~ ༐ළහአ approxwhistle-blowing; nái-chi n හᆀ imately 1,000 yen inside the country; nai-en (no) adj Naijeria n ࢻ࢕ࢩ࢘ࣛ࢓ Nigeria; හ⦍ࡡ common-law: ~ no Naijeria-jin n ࢻ࢕ࢩ࢘ࣛ࢓ெ a otto/tsuma හ⦍ࡡኰጏ comNigerian mon-law husband/wife; nai-fuku naiji n හ♟ unofficial announcen හ᭱ taking medicine orally; ment (in office) nai-jō n හ᝗ internal affairs; nai-ju náikaku n හ㛮 a government n හ㞺 domestic demand; nai-ka cabinet: ~-søridaijin හ㛮⥪⌦ኬ n හ⛁ internal medicine; nai-mitsu ⮟ prime minister (no) adj හᐠࡡ confidential, naimásu, náu v ࡝࠷ࡱࡌ, ࡝࠹ secret, private [FORMAL]: ~ (no) twists (into a rope) jøhø හᐠࡡ ᝗ሒ confidential náiron n ࢻ࢕ࣞࣤ nylon information; nai-ran n හ஗ civil … náishi … conj …࡝࠷ࡊ… strife; nai-riku n හ㝛 inland; nai[BOOKISH] 1. and/or (= mátáwa shin n හᚨ ① (one’s) thoughts in ࡱࡒࡢ࣬ཧࡢ 2. from … to … mind: ~ kowai හᚨᛟ࠷ is scared = …kara…máde …࠾ࡼ…ࡱ࡚ deep down ② inner center (not naishó (no) adj හ⥬࣬හチࡡ outer center); nai-shin n හタ ① confidential, secret, private internal examination (gynecol[INFORMAL]: ~ no hanashí හ⥬> හチ@ࡡヨ, ~-bánashi හ⥬>හチ@ ogy) ② medical examination by a doctor at home; nai-shukketsu ヨ a private talk náitā n ࢻ࢕ࢰ࣭ night game (of n හฝ⾉ internal bleeding; nai-tei n හം [BOOKISH] secret baseball) investigation; nai-teki (na) adj හ naitei n හᏽ unofficial decision, Ⓩ࡝ internal; nai-zō n හ⮒ informal appointment, unofficial internal organs job offer …´-nai suffix …හ within, in(side) naiyō n හᐖ contents (→ kanai ᐓහ, kokúnai (no) ᅗහ náka n, prep ୯ inside; … no ~ de/ ni …ࡡ୯࡚࡞ in …; naka-darumi ࡡ , kō´nai ᵋහ) …-náide suffix, adv …࡝࠷࡚ not n ୯ࡓࡾࡲ slump; naká-mi n ୯ [do] but instead, without [do]ing ㌗࣬୯࿝ contents; naka-niwa n → shináide ࡊ࡝࠷࡚ ୯ᗖ courtyard; naka-yubi n ୯ᣞ náifu n ࢻ࢕ࣆ knife middle finger náigai n හአ 1. inside and out náka n ௯ relations, terms (between 2. home and abroad people); (… to) ~ ga íi …࡛ ௯ …-náigai suffix …හአ approxi࠿࠷࠷ is on good terms (with 184



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náma



…); ~ tagai ௯㐢࠷ discord; naka- n ἵࡀኇ cry, sob (of person); dachí n ௯❟ࡔ go-between, inter- naki-goto n ἵࡀゕ complaining mediary; naká-gai n ௯㈑ broker; nakimásu, naku v 㫾ࡀࡱࡌ, 㫾ࡂ naka-má n ௯㛣 friend, pal, com- makes an animal sound; naki-goe panion n 㫾ࡀኇ chirp, song, chirping nakabá n ༖ࡣ middle: kokorozashi- (of animals, birds, insects, etc) ~ de ᚷ༖ࡣ࡚ without fulfilling nakō´do n ௯ெ go-between (matcone’s ambition hmaker) nakanaka adv ࡝࠾࡝࠾ extremely, náku v ࡝ࡂ so that there isn’t any very (long, hard, bad, etc.), (we don’t have any); there not more than one might expect being; without nákattara v ࡝࠾ࡖࡒࡼ if/when …-naku (narimásu) suffix, v …࡝ࡂ there isn’t/we don’t; unless there ࡝ࡽࡱࡌ (gets) so that one doesn’t do (= …-nai yø´ni (nariis (we have) …-nákattara suffix, v …࡝࠾ࡖࡒࡼ másu)…࡝࠷ࡻ࠹࡞࡝ࡽࡱࡌ ) if/when one doesn’t; unless one naku-narimásu, naku-naru v ஷࡂ࡝ ࡽࡱࡌ, ஷࡂ࡝ࡾ dies; gets lost does nákattari v ࡝࠾ࡖࡒࡽ sometimes/ naku-narimásu, naku-naru v ࡝ࡂ࡝ࡽ alternately there isn’t (we don’t ࡱࡌ, ࡝ࡂ࡝ࡾ vanishes (from existence) have) …-nákattari (shimásu) suffix, v …࡝ nakushimásu, nakusu v ࡝ࡂࡊࡱࡌ, ࠾ࡖࡒࡽࡊࡱࡌ sometimes/ ࡝ࡂࡌ loses …-nákute mo suffix, v …࡝ࡂ࡙ࡵ alternately does not do nakemásu, nakeru v ἵࡄࡱࡌ, ἵࡄ even not doing, even if one does ࡾ can cry not do; shinákute mo íi ࡊ࡝ࡂ࡙ náki … prefix, adj ࡝ࡀ… [LITERARY] ࡵ࠷࠷ need not do …-nákute wa suffix, v …࡝ࡂ࡙ࡢ = nái … ࡝࠷… (lacking, nonexistent) not doing, if one does not do; náki … prefix, adj ஷࡀ… [LITERARY] shinákute wa ikemasén ࡊ࡝ࡂ࡙ = nái … ࡝࠷… (deceased): íma ࡢ࠷ࡄࡱࡎࢆ must (ought to) do wa ~ … ௑ࡢஷࡀ… the late náma adj, n ⏍ 1. ~ (no/de) ⏍ ࡡ࡚ raw, uncooked, fresh …: ~ sofu ஷࡀ♵∏ one’s dead grandfather; naki-gara n ஷ㦹 2. (= ~-bíiru ⏍ࣄ࣭ࣜ) draft [BOOKISH] corpse beer; nama-chūkei n ⏍୯⤽ live nakimásu, naku v ἵࡀࡱࡌ, ἵࡂ coverage; nama-gomi n ⏍ࡇࡲ weeps; cries; naki-dokoro n ἵࡀ࡜ garbage (kitchen waste); namagusái adj ⏍⮧࠷ fishy(-smelling); ࡆࢀ>ᡜ@ Achilles’ heel; naki-goe 185



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namae



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



nama-henji n ⏍㏁஥ half-hearted nán n ర (before d, t, n) = náni ర reply; nama-hōsō n ⏍ᨲ㏞ live what nán-… prefix ర… how many program, live broadcast; namayake (no) adj ⏍↕ࡄࡡ rare …: nán [COUNTER ka] (no…) ర (little cooked), underdone [COUNTER ࠾] ࡡ… a number namae n ྞ๑ name (= shimei Ắྞ, (of …); nán-ba ర⩒ how many seimei ጞྞ) (birds, rabbits); nan-bai రಶ how namaiki (na) adj ⏍ណẴ࡝ many times (doubled); nán-bai ర ᮴ how many cupfuls; nán-ban ర␊ impertinent namakemásu, namakéru v ᛨࡄࡱࡌ, what number; nán-bén ర㐚 how ᛨࡄࡾ idles, is lazy many times; nán-biki ర༆ how namake-mono n ᛨࡄ⩽ lazy many (fishes/bugs, small animals); nán-bon రᮇ how many (pencils/ (person) namari n ࢻ࣏ࣛ࣬㕼 lead (metal) bottles, long objects); nán-byaku namarí n ࡝ࡱࡽ࣬ォࡽ dialect, రⓊ how many hundreds; nándai రྋ how many (machines, accent (= høgen ᪁ゕ) namarimásu, namaru v 㕄ࡽࡱࡌ, vehicles); nán-do రᗐ how many 㕄ࡾ 1. becomes rusty, gets dull: times; nan-gai/-kai n ర㝭㝭 how høchø ga ~ ໜ୍࠿㕄ࡽࡱࡌ a many floors/stories; what (number) kitchen knife gets dull 2. befloor; nán-gatsu ర᭮ what month; nán-gen ర㌲ how many (buildings, comes weak (one’s body part) namazu n ࢻ࣏ࢫ࣬㪏 catfish shops, houses…); nán-ji ర᫤ what namemásu, naméru v ࡝ࡴࡱࡌ, ࡝ time; nan-kágetsu ర࠾᭮ how many ࡴࡾ licks, tastes months; nán-kai రᅂ how many naméraka (na) adj ࡝ࡴࡼ࠾࡝ times; nan-kai/-gai ర㝭 what floor; nán-ko ర಴ how many (piece(s); smooth namí n ἴ wave; nami-norí n ἴ஋ࡽ small object(s)); nán-mai రᯓ surfing how many (flat thing(s)); nán-mán námida n ᾞ tear (in eye): ~-me ᾞ ర୒ how many tens of thousands; ┘ teary eyes: ~-moroi ᾞࡵࢀ࠷ nán-nen రᖳ what year; how easily moved to tears many years; nán-nichi ర᪝ what namiki n ୩ᮄ row of trees: ~-michi day (of the month); how many ୩ᮄ㐠 tree-lined road, tree-lined days; nán-nin రெ how many street people; nán-paku రἡ how many nami (no) adj ୩ࡡ ordinary, nights; nán-pun రฦ how many common, average, regular minutes; nán-sai రṋ how (many nán n ࢻࣤ bread years) old; nán-satsu ర෇ how 186



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many copies (books, magazines); nán-tō ర㢄 how many (large animals); nan-yō´bi ర᭑᪝ what day (of the week); nán-zoku/-soku ర㊂ how many pairs (of footwear such as shoes, socks, etc.) nan-… prefix ༞…south (= minami no… ༞ࡡ…); Nan-bei n ༞⡷ = Minami-Ámerika ༞࢓࣒ࣛ࢜



náni-shiro



naná-nen n ୏ᖳ the year 7; nanánin n ୏ெ → naná-mei; naná-satsu n ୏෇ seven copies (books, magazines); naná-hyaku n ୏Ⓤ࣬700 seven hundred; naná-jū n ୏༎࣬ 70 seventy; nana-mán n ୏୒࣬ 70,000 seventy thousand; nanasén n ୏༐࣬7,000 seven thousand; naná-tsu n ୏ࡗ࣬7 ࡗ seven, seven years old (= nanasai ୏ṋ); nanatsu-mé ୏ࡗ┘



South America; nán-boku n ༞໪ north and south; nán-bu n ༞㒂 the south, the southern part; nan- seventh kyoku n ༞ᴗ South Pole; nan-sei nanáme (no/ni) adj, adv ᩫࡴࡡ ࡞ aslant, oblique(ly), diagonal(ly) n ༞け southwest; nan-tō n ༞᮶ nánbā n ࢻࣤࣁ࣭ (car) license southeast nan-… prefix 㞬…difficult, tough; plate nan-gi n 㞬ൢ difficulty, suffernán-da-i interj రࡓ࠷ what is it (= nán desu ka ర࡚ࡌ࠾ ing, trouble [BOOKISH]; nan-ido n 㞬᪾ᗐ difficulty level; nán-ji n nán-de-mo adv ర࡚ࡵ whatever it 㞬஥ difficulty; nan-kan n 㞬㛭 may be, anything (at all), everydifficulty, obstacle, challenge; thing nan-min n 㞬Ằ refugee; nan-zan n … nán desu (da, de) suffix, v …࡝ࢆ 㞬⏐ difficult delivery ࡚ࡌࡓ, ࡚ it’s that it is … nan-… prefix ㌶…soft, weak, mild; náni n ర what: ~ (ga/o) …-témo ర nan-jaku adj ㌶ᘽ [BOOKISH] weak, ࠿ࢅ …࡙ࡵ whatever soft, flaccid [IN NEGATIVE SENSE]: náni-… prefix ర…what …, which ~ na karada ㌶ᘽ࡝మ weak body; …; nani-go రㄊ what language; nan-kin n ㌶⚏ [BOOKISH] house nani-iro రⰅ what color; naní-jin రெ what nationality arrest; nan-sui n ㌶Ề soft water nanibun adv రฦ anyway, anyhow (not hard water) nána n ୏࣬7 seven; naná-do n ୏ nanige-nái adj రẴ࡝࠷ casual ᗐ ① seven degrees ② seven náni ka n ర࠾ something, anything times; naná-hén n ୏㐚 seven nani mo adv రࡵ [ NEGATIVE] times; nana-kai n ୏㝭 seven nothing, (not) anything floors/stories, seventh floor; naná- náninani n రࠍ something or othkái n ୏ᅂ seven times; naná-mei er, so-and-so, what’s-it(s-name) n ୏ྞ [BOOKISH] seven people; náni-shiro adv రࡊࢀ after all 187



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náni yori



náni yori adv రࡻࡽ than what: ~ mo రࡻࡽࡵ more than anything nánji pron Ớ [BOOKISH] thou … nánka suffix …࡝ࢆ࠾ and so



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



nán to shitémo adv ర࡛ࡊ࡙ࡵ



inevitably; at any cost



náo adv ᑠ still more; moreover: ~ íí ᑠ࠷࠷ still better forth/on, and what-not; the likes naorimásu, naóru v ├ࡽࡱࡌ, ├ࡾ



of nankō n ㌶⭧ [BOOKISH] ointment nankō n 㞬⯗ 1. rough sailing 2. rough passage nan-nára conj ర࡝ࡼ if you prefer,



is righted, fixed, repaired, improves naorimásu, naóru v ἖ࡽࡱࡌ, ἖ࡾ



is cured, gets well, recovers, improves nao-sara adv ᑠ᭞ all the more, still more naoshí v ├ࡊ mending, repair(ing), correcting, correction naoshimásu, naósu v ├ࡊࡱࡌ, ├ ࡌ 1. makes it right, corrects, repairs, mends, fixes, alters, improves it 2. [INFINITIVE +] does it over (and better), re-does it naoshimásu, naósu v ἖ࡊࡱࡌ, ἖ࡌ cures it náppa n ⳧ࡖⴝ greens, vegetables; rape (plant) nápukin n ࢻࣈ࢞ࣤ 1. napkin 2. sanitary pad … nára conj …࡝ࡼ, … ~ ba …࡝ ࡼࡣ if it be, provided it is [NEG-



if you like, if you don’t mind; if you don’t want to nan ni mo adv ర࡞ࡵ [EMPHATIC] → nani mo రࡵ nán ni mo adv ర࡞ࡵ (= nán no … ní mo రࡡ …࡞ࡵ [+ NEGATIVE] not to/for/at anything nán no adj రࡡ what (kind of); of what nanoka n ୏᪝ seven days; the 7th day (of month) … ná no ni conj …࡝ࡡ࡞ in spite of its being …, despite that it is … nanpa n 㞬◒ shipwreck nán-rá ka no … adj రࡼ࠾ࡡ… some nán-ra (no) … adj రࡼࡡ … [+ NEGATIVE] not any, not in any way ATIVE … ja nákereba/nákerya nán to … conj ర࡛ … with what, … ࡋࡶ࡝ࡄࡿࡣ࡝ࡄࡽࡶ]; what and … ; (saying/thinking/ [VERB]-ru/-ta nára ࡾࡒ࡝ࡼ, [ADJECTIVE]-i/katta nára ࠷࠾ࡖ meaning) what nán to itté mo adv ర࡛ゕࡖ࡙ࡵ ࡒ࡝ࡼ if (it be a matter of) … narabemásu, naraberu v ୩࡬ࡱࡌ, eventually, come what may nán to ka shite adv ర࡛࠾ࡊ࡙ by ୩࡬ࡾ arranges, lines them up narabi v ୩ࡦ row (line) some means (or other), somenarabimásu, narabu v ୩ࡦࡱࡌ, ୩ how or other nan to mo adv ర࡛ࡵ [+ NEGATIVE] ࡩ they line up, arrange themnothing (at all), not … at all selves 188



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JAPANESE–ENGLISH



natsú



naraigoto n ⩞࠷஥ culture lesson(s) ࡝ࡽࡱࡌ gets so it is …, gets to naraimásu, naráu v ⩞࠷ࡱࡌ, ⩞࠹ be …, turns into … … suru kotó ni ~ …ࡌࡾ஥࡞࡝ࡽࡱࡌ it gets learns naraimásu, naráu v ⩞࠷ࡱࡌ, ⩞࠹ arranged/decided to (do) … narimásu, naru v 㫾ࡽࡱࡌ, 㫾ࡾ it learns naraku n ዄⴘ hell: ~ no soko e sounds, rings tsukiotosaremáshita ዄⴘࡡᗇ࡫ narimono iri (de) adv 㫾ࡽ∸ථࡽ ✲ࡀⴘ࡛ࡈࡿࡱࡊࡒ was thrown ࡚ with a fanfare nariyuki v ᠺࡽ⾔ࡀ process, develinto the abyss of despair narashimásu, narasu v 㫾ࡼࡊࡱࡌ, opment, course; result: ~ o mimásu ᠺࡽ⾔ࡀࢅずࡱࡌ watches 㫾ࡼࡌ sounds, rings it narashimásu, narásu v ᆍࡊࡱࡌ, how things develop (turn out) ᆍࡌ smooths, averages naru-beku … adv ࡝ࡾ࡬ࡂ… as … narashimásu, narásu v 㤾ࡼࡊࡱࡌ, as possible 㤾ࡼࡌ domesticates, tames naru-hodo interj ࡝ࡾ࡮࡜ I see; narazumono n ࡝ࡼࡍ⩽ rogue, quite so; you are so right; how



vagabond naremásu, naréru v ៈࡿࡱࡌ, ៈࡿ ࡾ (… ni ~ …࡞ៈࡿࡱࡌ) gets



used to



true nasaimásu, nasáru v ࡝ࡈ࠷ࡱࡌ, ࡝ ࡈࡾ (someone honored) does násake n ᝗ࡄ affection, feeling,



naremásu, naréru v 㤾ࡿࡱࡌ, 㤾 ࡿࡾ (= … ni ~ …࡞㤾ࡿࡱࡌ)



tenderness, compassion, sympathy nasake-nái adj ᝗ࡄ࡝࠷ wretched, grows familiar with narenareshii adj 㤾ࡿ㤾ࡿࡊ࠷ too miserable; shameful nashí n ࢻࢨ࣬ᲅ pear friendly, overly familiar narēshon n ࢻ࣭ࣝࢨࣘࣤ narration náshi v ࡝ࡊ [LITERARY] = nái ࡝࠷ naresome n 㤾ࡿิࡴ the thing (= arimasén ࠵ࡽࡱࡎࢆ) (there which brought man and woman is no …, lacks, has no …) (lovers) together, trigger of love nashimásu, násu v ᠺࡊࡱࡌ, ᠺࡌ narí n ࡝ࡽ࣬ᙟ form; personal achieves, forms, does … náshi ni suffix, prep, adv …࡝ appearance narikin n ᠺ㔘 nouveau riche ࡊ࡞ = … ga náku(te) …࠿࡝ࡂ ࡙ without, lacking, not having narimásu, náru v ࡝ࡽࡱࡌ, ࡝ࡾ násu n ࢻࢪ>ⱫᏄ࣬Ⱬ@, násubi becomes, gets to be; is done; ࡝ࡌࡦ eggplant amounts to, is; [HONORIFIC] o-nari ni ~ ࠽࡝ࡽ࡞࡝ࡽࡱࡌ, … nata n ࡝ࡒ࣬㕮 hatches ni ([ADJECTIVE]-ku) ~ …࡞ ...ࡂ natsú n ኚ summer 189



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natsukashíi



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



natsukashíi adj ᠔࠾ࡊ࠷ dear



…´n desu (da) suffix, v …ࢆ࡚ࡌ (dearly remembered), good old, ࡓ it’s that …: … né/nē´ interj nostalgic …ࡠࡠ࠺ (mostly female) isn’t natsume n ࢻࢵ࣒࣬Ჩ date (fruit) it, don’t you think/agree natsu-míkan n ኚ࣐࢜ࣤ࣬ኚ⻜᯷ ne n 㡚 (= otó 㡚) sound: suzu no ~ 㕝ࡡ㡚 bell jingles; ne o agemásu Japanese grapefruit (pomelo) natsu-yásumi n ኚఆࡲ summer v 㡚ࢅ୕ࡅࡱࡌ gives up ne n ೋ (= nedan ೋṹ) price: ~ vacation/holiday nattō´ n ࢻࢴࢹࢗ࣬⣙㇃ fermented ga takái ೋ࠿㧏࠷ is expensive; ne-age n ೋ୕ࡅ price rise; raissoy beans nattoku n ⣙ᚋ understanding, ing the cost; ne-biki n ೋᘤࡀ discompliance, assent; (… o) ~ shicount (of price); ne-dan n ೋṹ másu …ࢅ ⣙ᚋࡊࡱࡌ gets price ne n ᰷ 1. root (= nekko ᰷ࡖࡆ); persuaded/convinced (of …), ~ mo ha mo nai uwasa ᰷ࡵⴝ assents/ consents to, complies with; ( … o) ~ sasemásu …ࢅ ࡵ࡝࠷࠹ࢂࡈ groundless rumor ⣙ᚋࡈࡎࡱࡌ persuades/con2. cause (= kongen ᰷″) 3. one’s vinces one (of …) nature: ~ wa yasashii-hito desu náttsu n ࢻࢴࢵ nuts ᰷ࡢඁࡊ࠷ெ࡚ࡌ is basically a nawá n ⦎ rope, cord gentle person, is a kind person nawabari n ⦎ᘿࡽ one’s territory: deep down; ne-hori ha-hori adv ᰷ ~-arasoi ⦎ᘿࡽண࠷ territorial fight ᤸࡽⴝᤸࡽ about every detail: ~ naya n ⣙ᒁ barn, shed kikaremásu/shitsumon saremásu nayamí n ᝆࡲ suffering, distress, ᰷ᤸࡽⴝᤸࡽ⪲>゜@࠾ࡿࡱࡌ㈹ ၡࡈࡿࡱࡌ is questioned about torment nayamimásu, nayámu v ᝆࡲࡱࡌ, ᝆ every detail ࡳ suffers ne n ᐱ (= nemuri ┸ࡽ) sleep(ing); nayonayo (shita) adj ࡝ࡻ࡝ࡻࡊ ne-búsoku n ᐱ୘㊂ having not ࡒ wishy-washy, weedy [IN enough sleep; ne-isu n ᐱ᳌Ꮔ NEGATIVE SENSE] couch, lounge (chair); ne-maki n náze adv ࡝ࡏ࣬రᨶ why: ~ ka to ᐱᕬࡀ pajamas iu to …࡝ࡏ࠾࡛ゕ࠹࡛ … the nébaneba shimásu (suru) v ࡠࡣࡠࡣ reason is that … ࡊࡱࡌࡌࡾ is sticky nazo n ㅞ riddle, mystery; nazonebarí n ⢋ࡽ stickiness: ~-zuyoi nazo n ࡝ࡑ࡝ࡑ riddle (game) ⢋ࡽᙁ࠷ persevering: nebarínazukemásu, nazukéru v ྞ௛ࡄࡱࡌ, másu ⢋ࡽࡱࡌ hangs on ྞ௛ࡄࡾ names, dubs nechigaemásu, nechigaeru v ᐱ㐢࠻ 190



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JAPANESE–ENGLISH



nengan



ࡱࡌ, ᐱ㐢࠻ࡾ gets a crick in



year; nen-kan (no) adj ᖳ㛣ࡡ for one’s neck (while sleeping) a year; annual: ~-køsuiryø ᖳ㛣 nechiketto n ࢾࢲࢢࢴࢹ netiquette 㜾Ề㔖 annual rainfall: ~-shotoku (comes from network + etiquette) ᖳ㛣ᡜᚋ annual income; nen-kan nechizun n ࢾࢲࢫࣤ netizen n ᖳ㚯 yearbook, almanac; nen-kan (comes from network + citizen) (no) adj ᖳษࡡ annual (publinegái v 㢢࠷ a request cation); nen-matsu n ᖳᮆ the end negaimásu, negáu v 㢢࠷ࡱࡌ, 㢢࠹ of the year: ~-nenshi kyüka ᖳᮆ ᖳጙఆᬜ year-end and New asks for, requests, begs négi n ࢾ࢟࣬ⴼ onion (green) Year’s day holidays; nen-pō n ᖳ neiro n 㡚Ⰵ (sound) tone ಥ annual salary; nen-ri n ᖳฺ néji n ࡠࡋ࣬ࢾࢩ screw; neji-máannual interest; nen-shi n ᖳጙ washi n ࡠࡋᅂࡊ screw-driver New Year’s day nejirimásu, nejíru v ࡠࡋࡽࡱࡌ, ࡠ nén n 1. ᛍ sense, feeling; desire; ࡋࡾ twists caution, care, attention; ~ no tamé nekashimásu, nekasu v ᐱ࠾ࡊࡱࡌ, (ni) ᛍࡡࡒࡴ࡞ to make sure, ᐱ࠾ࡌ puts to bed/sleep; lays it just in case, to be on the safe side; (… ni) ~ o iremásu …࡞ ᛍࢅ on its side nekki n ⇍Ẵ 1. hot air 2. air of ථࡿࡱࡌ pays attention (to …), excitement, fever 3. fever is careful (of/about …), ~ o oshimásu ᛍࢅᢪࡊࡱࡌ double-checks nékkuresu n ࢾࢴࢠࣝࢪ necklace nekkyō n ⇍≤ enthusiasm nén-… prefix ᖳ 2. age; nenchō(-sha) n ᖳ㛏⩽ one’s senior; néko n ࢾࢤ࣬⊟ cat nékutai n ࢾࢠࢰ࢕ necktie: ~ o nen-pai(-sha) n ᖳ㒼>ᖳ㍦@⩽ musubimásu ࢾࢠࢰ࢕ࢅ⤎ࡦࡱ the elderly, middle-aged person; nen-shō (-sha) n ᖳᑛ⩽ young ࡌ puts on (wears) a necktie nemásu, neru v ᐱࡱࡌ, ᐱࡾ goes person, one’s junior nen-… prefix ⢋ sticky; nento bed, lies down, sleeps ne-motó n ᰷ඔ (the part) near the chaku-tē´pu n ⢋╌ࢷ࣭ࣈ adhesive root, the base (of a tree) tape; nén-do n ⢋ᅰ clay nemui adj ┸࠷ sleepy nengá n ᖳ㈙ New Year’s greetnemuri n ┸ࡽ sleep(ing) ings: ~ ni ikimasu ᖳ㈙࡞⾔ࡀࡱ nemurimásu, nemuru v ┸ࡽࡱࡌ, ┸ ࡌ makes a New Year’s call/visit; ࡾ sleeps nengá-hágaki n ᖳ㈙ⴝ᭡ a New nén n ᖳ year Year greeting postcard nén-… prefix ᖳ yearly, annual; nengan n ᛍ㢢 desire: ~ ga kanainén-do n ᖳᗐ year period, fiscal másu ᛍ㢢࠿ྑ࠷ࡱࡌ (one’s) 191



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JAPANESE–ENGLISH



nengáppi



netamashíi adj ጅࡱࡊ࠷ envious;



dream/wish has come true nengáppi n ᖳ᭮᪝ date (year/month/ day) (→ seinen-gáppi ⏍ᖳ᭮᪝) nenki n ᖳᏒ one’s term of service: ~ no haitta ᖳᏒࡡථࡖࡒ sea-



soned, experienced nenkin n ᖳ㔘 pension: køsei-~ ཉ⏍ᖳ㔘 employee pension; kojin-~ hoken ಴ெᖳ㔘ಕ㝜



enviable netamimásu, netámu v ጅࡲࡱࡌ, ጅ ࡳ envies netsú n 1. ⇍ fever 2. o-nétsu ࠽ ⇍ heat; netsu-ben n ⇍ᘒ passionate speech; netsu-bō n ⇍᭻ ambi-



tion (hope)



nettai (-chi´hō´) n ⇍ᖈᆀ᪁ troindividual annuity insurance pic(s): ~-kikø ⇍ᖈẴು tropical nenryō´ n ⇖ᩩ fuel: ~-tanku ⇖ᩩ climate; ~-shokubutsu ⇍ᖈ᳔∸ ࢰࣤࢠ fuel tank tropical plant nenshō n ⇖↕ combustion netto n ࢾࢴࢹ 1. net 2. network nenza n ᤤᣰ sprain 3. the Net (= intånetto ࢕ࣤࢰ࣭ neon n ࢾ࢛ࣤ 1. neon 2. neon sign ࢾࢴࢹ); netto-bukku n ࢾࢴࢹࣇࢴ Nepāru n ࢾࣂ࣭ࣜ Nepal; Nepāruࢠ netbook (computer); netto-ginkō go n ࢾࣂ࣭ࣜㄊ Nepalese (lan- n ࢾࢴࢹ㖗⾔ online bank; nettokafe n ࢾࢴࢹ࢜ࣆ࢘Internet café; guage); Nepāru-jin n ࢾࣂ࣭ࣜெ netto-ōkushon n ࢾࢴࢹ࢛࣭࣬ࢠࢨ a Nepalese neppū n ⇍㢴 hot wind ࣘࣤ online auction; netto-sāfin n nerai n ≲࠷ an aim, object; idea, ࢾࢴࢹࢦ࣭ࣆ࢔ࣤ net surfing; intention, what one is driving at netto-tsūhan n ࢾࢴࢹ㏳㈅ online neraimásu, nerau v ≲࠷ࡱࡌ, ≲࠹ shopping, Internet shopping(= intånetto tsühan ࢕ࣤࢰ࣭ࢾࢴ aims at, watches for, seeks neri-hamígaki v ⦆ࡽṉ☳ࡀ toothࢹ㏳㈅) paste (= hamigaki-ko ṉ☳ࡀ⢂) nettō n ⇍… boiling water: ~ de nerí-kó n ⦆ࡽ⢂ dough yakedo o shimásu ⇍…࡚ℾഭࢅ nerimásu, néru v ⦆ࡽࡱࡌ, ⦆ࡾ ࡊࡱࡌ is scalded with boiling



kneads; drills, trains



water



nē´-san n ጗ࡈࢆo-né´-san ࠽጗ࡈ ࢆ older sister; Miss!; Waitress! nes-shimásu, nes-suru v ⇍ࡊࡱࡌ, ⇍ࡌࡾ 1. gets hot, gets excited 2. heats it, warms it nésshín (na) adj ⇍ᚨ࡝ enthusiastic; nésshín ni adv ⇍ᚨ࡞ enthu-



siastically



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netto-wāku n ࢾࢴࢹ࣭࣠ࢠ network; netto(wāku)-shimin n ࢾࢴࢹ࣭࣠ࢠ ᕰẰ netizen (= nechizun ࢾࢲ ࢫࣤ) neuchi n ೋᡬࡔ value, worth nezumi n ࢾࢫ࣐࣬㰙 mouse, rat nezumi-iro (no) adj ࢾࢫ࣐Ⰵࡡ



gray 192



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JAPANESE–ENGLISH



nigirí-zushi



nezumí-tori n ࢾࢫ࣐ᤍࡽ>ཱིࡽ@



Nichi-… prefix ᪝…, …-~ …᪝ mousetrap Japan(ese), ~-Ei ᪝ⱝ Japanesení n Ⲭ 1. load 2. burden (= nímotsu English, Ei-~ ⱝ᪝ EnglishⲬ∸; ni-zúkuri n Ⲭ㏸ࡽ packing Japanese ní n ஦࣬ 2 two; ni bai n ஦ಶ …-nichi suffix …᪝ day (counts/ twice (double); ni-banmé (no) adj names days) ஦␊┘ࡡ second; ní dai n ஦ྋ nichi-botsu n ᪝Ἀ sunset (time of two (machines, vehicles); ni dó n sunset) ஦ᗐ two times, twice; ni do n ஦ Nichiyō´(-bi) n ᪝᭑᪝ Sunday Nichiyō-hin(-ten) n ᪝⏕ဗᗉ ᗐ two degrees (temperature); ni fun n ஦ฦ two minutes; ní hai grocery (store); houseware n ஦᮴ two cupfuls; ni hén n ஦㐚 (store) two times (= ni dó ஦ᗐ, ni kái ஦ niemásu, nieru v ↳࠻ࡱࡌ, ↳࠻ࡾ it ᅂ); ní hon n ஦ᮇ two (pencils/ boils, it cooks bottles, long objects); ni kai n ஦ nigái adj ⱖ࠷ bitter, wry: ~ køhii ⱖ࠷ࢤ࣭ࣃ࣭ bitter coffee; ~ kei㝭 second floor; upstairs; ni kái ken ⱖ࠷⤊㥺 bitter experience; n ஦ᅂ two times; ní ken n ஦㌲ ~-warai ⱖ➏࠷ bitter smile, wry two buildings; ní ko n ஦಴ two pieces (small objects); ní mai n ஦ smile ᯓ two sheets (flat things); ní-mei nigaoe n జ㢞⤦ portrait n ஦ྞ [BOOKISH] = futarí ஦ெ࣬ nigashimásu, nigásu v ㏠࠿ࡊࡱࡌ, ࡨࡒࡽ two people; ní-nen n ஦ᖳ ㏠࠿ࡌ turns loose; lets one get the year 2; ní-sai n ஦ṋ two years away, lets it slip away old (= futatsu ࡨࡒࡗ); ní satsu n nigate adj ⱖᡥ (thing, person, etc.,) ஦෇ two copies (books, magawhich is not one’s cup of tea: ~ na supøtsu ⱖᡥ࡝ࢪ࣭࣎ࢵ sport zines); ní-wa n ஦⩒ two (birds,



rabbits)



which one is not good at



… ni (´) particle …࡞ 1. to/for (a person) 2. at/in (a place), at (a time) 3. (= … é …࡫ to (a place) 4. as, so as to be, (turns/



Ni-gatsú n ஦᭮࣬2᭮ February nigemásu, nigéru v ㏠ࡅࡱࡌ, ㏠ࡅ ࡾ runs away, escapes, flees nigirimásu, nigiru v ᥩࡽࡱࡌ, ᥩࡾ



makes) into being, being



grasps, grips, clutches



ni-aimásu, ni-áu v జྙ࠷ࡱࡌ, జྙ ࠹: … ni ni-aimásu…࡞జྙ࠷ࡱ ࡌ is becoming (to), suits nia misu n ࢼ࢓࣐ࢪ near miss nibúi adj 㕄࠷ dull, blunt



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nigiri-meshi n ᥩࡽ㣜 riceball (= o-nígiri ࠽࡞ࡁࡽ) nigirí-zushi n ࡞ࡁࡽ>ᥩࡽ@ᑋྒྷ



sushi hand-packed into small balls (as traditional in Tokyo) 193



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JAPANESE–ENGLISH



nigíyaka (na)



nigíyaka (na) adj ࡞ࡁࡷ࠾࣬㈨ࡷ࠾ ⫏᰿ cinnamon ࡝ merry, bustling, lively, nikki n ᪝エ (private) diary flourishing, busy (place, atmos- níkkō n ᪝ක sunshine; Níkkø ᪝ක phere, person, etc.): ~ na tøri ㈨ Nikko (place); nikkō-yoku n ᪝ක ࡷ࠾࡝㏳ࡽ busy street ᾆ sun bathing nigorimásu, nigóru v ⃦ࡽࡱࡌ, ⃦ࡾ nikkyū n ᪝⤝ daily wage nikochin n ࢼࢤࢲࣤ nicotine gets muddy Nihón n ᪝ᮇ Japan (= Nippón ᪝ nikomi n ↳㎰ࡲ stew (food): ᮇ, Nihón-koku ᪝ᮇᅗ); Nihon-fū ~-udon ↳㎰ࡲ࠹࡜ࢆ stew with n ᪝ᮇ㢴 Japanese style; Nihon-ga Udon (Japanese wheat noodle) n ᪝ᮇ⏤ Japanese-style painting; níkoniko adj ࡞ࡆ࡞ࡆ smiling: ~ Nihon-ginkō n ᪝ᮇ㖗⾔ Bank of shi(tei)másu ࡞ࡆ࡞ࡆࡊ࡙࠷ Japan; Nihon-go n ᪝ᮇㄊ Japanese ࡱࡌ smiles (language/word); Nihon-jín n ᪝ᮇ nikú n ⫏ meat; niku-dángo n ⫏ᅆ ெ a Japanese; Nihon-ryōri n ᪝ᮇ Ꮔ Chinese meat-balls; nikú-ya n ᩩ⌦ Japanese cuisine; Nihon-sei n ⫏ᒁ butcher (shop) ᪝ᮇ⿿ made in Japan nikú n 1. ⫏o-níku ࠽⫏ meat 2. ni-hyakú n ஦Ⓤ 200 two hundred flesh (= nikutai ⫏మ); niku-sei n níi-san n ඕࡈࢆ o-níi-san ࠽ඕࡈ ⫏ኇ natural voice (without a ࢆ older brother microphone, etc.); niku-shoku niji n ⹷ rainbow (dōbutsu) n ⫏㣏ິ∸ carnivore; ni-jū n ஦㔔 double, duplicate; nijū- niku-tai n ⫏మ body; niku-yoku n nábe n ஦㔔㘘 double boiler; nijū- ⫏ḟ sexual desire ago n ஦㔔࠵ࡇ>㢙@ double chin nikúi adj ៦࠷ hateful ní-jū n ஦༎࣬20 twenty: ~-yokka …nikúi suffix ࡞ࡂ࠷࣬㞬࠷ ஦༎ᄿ᪝ 24 days, 24th day (of (...shi-~ ...ࡊ࡞ࡂ࠷) hard, difmonth); ~-banmé ஦༎␊┘ 20th ficult (to do) nijús-sai n ஦༎ṋ 20 years old nikumimásu, nikúmu v ៦ࡲࡱࡌ, ៦ ࡳ hates, detests (= hátachi ஦༎ṋ࣬ࡢࡒࡔ nikawa n ࡞࠾ࢂ࣬⭲ glue nikushin n ⫏の blood relative ni-kayoimásu, ni-kayóu v జ㏳࠷ࡱࡌ, níkuzure n Ⲭᓻࡿ cargo shifting జ㏳࠹ … ni/to ~ …࡞࡛జ㏳࠷ nikuzure n ↳ᓻࡿ breaking up ࡱࡌ closely resembles while boiling/cooking (fishes, potatoes, etc.) Nikei (no) adj ᪝⣌ࡡ (of) Japanimásu, niru v జࡱࡌ, జࡾ renese ancestry níkibi n ࡞ࡀࡦ pimple sembles níkki n ࡞ࡖࡀ, níkkei ࡞ࡖࡄ࠷࣬ nimásu, niru v ↳ࡱࡌ, ↳ࡾ boils,



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cooks



níre



…-ninmae suffix …ெ๑ (counts



… -ní mo suffix …࡞ࡵ also (even) portions) ninmei n ௴࿤ appointment at/in, to, as ni-mono n ↳∸ boiled foods ninmu n ௴ຸ duty, assignment, nímotsu n Ⲭ∸ 1. baggage 2. load task, mission: ~ o hatashimásu …(´) -nin suffix …ெ person, ௴ຸࢅᯕࡒࡊࡱࡌ accomplishes people; yo-~ ᄿெ four people one’s errand ninaimásu, nináu v ᢰ࠷ࡱࡌ, ᢰ࠹ ninniku n ࢼࣤࢼࢠ࣬ኬⵓ garlic ninpu n ዲ፦ pregnant woman carries on shoulders ninchi n ヾ▩ [BOOKISH] 1. recog- ninpu n ெኰ [BOOKISH] laborer nition, acknowledgment 2. affil- ninshiki n ヾㆉ [BOOKISH] awareiation: ~ sareteinai kodomo ヾ▩ ness, recognition ࡈࡿ࡙࠷࡝࠷Ꮔ౩ child who is ninshin n ዲፈ pregnancy: ~ shite imásu ዲፈࡊ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ is not affiliated by his/her parent pregnant; ninshin-chū´zetsu n ዲፈ (usually father) ningen n ெ㛣 human being (= ୯⤧ abortion hito ெ) ninshō n ヾチ certification ningyo n ெ㨮 mermaid ninsō n ெ┞ looks, facial features ningyō n ெᙟ doll; ningyō-shíbai n nintai n ᚰ⪇ endurance; nintai-ryoku ெᙟⰢᑽ puppet show; ningyōᚰ⪇ງ ability to be patient tsukai n ெᙟ౐࠷ puppeteer nínzū n ெᩐ number of people; nini n ௴ណ [BOOKISH] option population (= jinkø ெཾ) nínja n ᚰ⩽ a master of stealth, niō dachi n ொ⋜❟ࡔ standing firm



Ninja



with one’s feet set apart (like two Deva Kings stone statue) niói adj ⮧࠷࣬໚࠷ a smell; ( … no) ~ ga shimásu …ࡡ ⮧࠷>໚ ࠷@࠿ࡊࡱࡌ it smells (of …) nioimásu, nióu v ⮧࠷ࡱࡌ࣬໚࠷ ࡱࡌ, thy nínjutsu n ᚰ⾙ the art of stealth ⮧࠹࣬໚࠹ it smells, is fragrant ninka n ヾྊ [BOOKISH] permission Nippón n ᪝ᮇ = Nihón(-koku) ᪝ ᮇᅗ Japan ninki n ெẴ popularity: ~ ga arimásu ெẴ࠿࠵ࡽࡱࡌ is popular nirá n ࢼࣚ a leek; a green onion ninki n ௴᭿ (one’s) term, term of niramimásu, nirámu v ╦ࡲࡱࡌ, ╦ ࡳ glares, stares office: ~ o tsutomemásu ௴᭿ࢅ ຸࡴࡱࡌ serves one’s term níre n ࢼࣝ࣬ᴄ yew (tree) 195 ninjin n ࢼࣤࢩࣤ࣬ெཤ carrot nínjō n ெ᝗ human nature, human feelings, warmheartedness: ~-ka ெ᝗ᐓ sympathetic person: giri to ~ ⩇⌦࡛ெ᝗ duty and sympa-



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ní-san (no)



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



ní-san (no) adj ஦, ୔ࡡ two or



niwa n ᗖ garden three … … níwa suffix, prep, conj …࡞ࡢ ní-sei n ஦ୠ second generation to; at/in; as níwaka (no/ni) adj, adv ࡞ࢂ࠾ࡡ (Japanese emigrant); … the ࡞ sudden(ly), unexpected(ly) Second nisemásu, niseru v జࡎࡱࡌ, జࡎ niwatori n ࢼ࣠ࢹࣛ࣬㭔 chicken ࡾ imitates, copies; counterfeits n´n interj ࢆࢆ 1. “un-un” ࠹ࢆ ࠹ࢆ huh-uh, uh-uh 2. “u-un” (money), forges (a document, a ࠹࠹ࢆ nope signature) nise (no) adj ࡞ࡎ࣬അࡡ false, nó n 㔕 field (dry) phony, fake, imitation; nise-mono no-… prefix 㔕 wild; nó-bana n 㔕ⰴ wildflower; no-usagi n 㔕ࢗ n അ∸࣬࡞ࡎࡵࡡ a fake, an ࢦ࢟࣬㔕ඟ wild rabbit imitation; a forgery; nise-satsu n അᮈ࣬㉒ᮈ࣬࡞ࡎᮈ counterfeit …´no suffix …ࡡ 1. the one/time/ bill (currency) place that; (= hitó ெ, monó ∸, nishi n け west: ~-guchi けཾ the tokí ᫤, tokoró ᡜ) 2. the (specific) west exit/entrance; nishi-káigan n act/fact of … (cf. kotó ஥) 3. けᾇᓃ west coast which/that is … (→ désu ࡚ࡌ, dá níshiki n 㘂 brocade ࡓ, na ࡝) nishime n ↳ࡊࡴ boiled fish and nō n ⬳ brain: dai-~ ኬ⬳ cerevegetables brum: shø~ ᑚ⬳ cerebellum; níshin n ࢼࢨࣤ࣬㪠 herring nō-míso n ⬳ࡲࡐ࣬⬳࿝ძ brain nishoku-tsuki (no) adj ஦㣏௛ࡀࡡ [INFORMAL] nō´ n ⬗ 1. ability (= nøryoku ⬗ with two meals incuded nisshi n ᪝ヽ diary, journal (of ງ, sainø ᡧ⬗) 2. o-nø ࠽⬗ Noh business, nursing, etc.); kango-~ (Japanese classical theater) (→ ┫㆜᪝ヽ nurse’s daily record nō-men ⬗㟻) nissū´ n ᪝ᩐ the number of days nō-… prefix ㎨ farming, agrinísu n ࢼࢪ = wánisu ࣠ࢼࢪ culture; nō´-chi n ㎨ᆀ farm varnish land; nō´-gyō n ㎨ᴏ agriculture, … ní te particle …࡞࡙ [LITERARY] farming; nō-jō´ n ㎨ሔ farm; nō-min n ㎨Ằ farmers = … de …࡚ (at; …) ni-tō (no) adj ஦➴ࡡ second nobashimásu, nobásu v ఘࡣࡊࡱࡌ, ఘࡣࡌ extends (lengthens, class; nitø´-shø ஦➴㈱ the second prize stretches, deters) it nittei n ᪝⛤ schedule, program, nobashimásu, nobásu v ᘇࡣࡊࡱࡌ, ᘇࡣࡌ prolongs itinerary 196



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non-fikushon



nobemásu, nobéru v ㏑࡬ࡱࡌ, ㏑࡬ nōkō (na) adj ⃨ཉ࡝ thick, rich, ࡾ tells, relates dense, passionate: ~ na miruku nobimásu, nobíru v ఘࡦࡱࡌ, ఘࡦ ⃨ཉ࡝࣐ࣜࢠ rich milk: ~ na ࡾ it extends, reaches; it spreads kisu ⃨ཉ࡝࢞ࢪ passionate kiss nobori n ୕ࡽ inbound (to Tokyo), nokorí n ṟࡽ the rest, the remain-



the up train



der, what is left, the leftover;



noborimásu, noboru v Ⓡࡽࡱࡌ, Ⓡ nokori-bi n ṟࡽℾ embers; ࡾ climbs nokori-monó n ṟࡽ∸ leftovers, noborimásu, noboru v ୕ࡽࡱࡌ, ୕ remains, leavings nokorimásu, nokóru v ṟࡽࡱࡌ, ṟ ࡾ goes up noborimásu, noboru v ᪴ࡽࡱࡌ, ᪴ ࡾ remains, is left behind/over ࡾ rises: hi ga ~ ᪝࠿᪴ࡽࡱࡌ nokoshimásu, nokósu v ṟࡊࡱࡌ, ṟࡌ leaves behind/over the sun rises nóbu n ࢿࣇ knob: doa-~ ࢺ࢓ࢿࣇ nō-men n ⬗㟻 mask (Noh drama) nomí n ࢿ࣐࣬⺋ flea door knob nochi n ࡡࡔ࣬ᚃ: ~-hodo ࡡࡔ࡮ nómi n ࢿ࣐࣬㛋 chisel ࡜࣬ᚃ⛤ later (= áto (de) ࠵࡛࣬ …nómi suffix, adj …ࡡࡲ (= … ᚃ࡚ ) daké …ࡓࡄ only nódo n ࡡ࡜࣬ၿ throat: ~ ga kawa- nomi-komimásu, nomi-komu v 㣟ࡲ㎰ kimáshita ࡡ࡜࠿ῤࡀࡱࡊࡒ is ࡲࡱࡌ, 㣟ࡲ㎰ࡳ swallows



thirsty



(ingests)



nō´do n ⃨ᗐ density, thick (liquid), nomimásu, nómu v 㣟ࡲࡱࡌ, 㣟ࡳ concentration; kø-~ (no) køhii 㧏 drinks; smokes; takes (medicine); nomi-kai n 㣟ࡲఌ drinking party; ⃨ᗐࡡ ࢤ࣭ࣃ࣭>⋾⌼@ strong nomí-mizu n 㣟ࡲỀ drinking water; coffee nódoka (na) adj ࡡ࡜࠾࡝ nomí-mono n 㣟ࡲ∸ beverage, tranquil, peaceful, quiet, calm refreshments; nomí-ya n 㣟ࡲᒁ nó-hara n 㔕ཋ field tavern, neighborhood bar nó-juku n 㔕ᐙ rough sleeping nonbē, nonbei n 㣟ඹ⾠࣬࿌ඹ nokemásu, nokeru v ㏝ࡄࡱࡌ, ㏝ࡄ ⾠, ࡡࢆ࡬࠷ a heavy drinker ࡾ removes; omits [INFORMAL] noki n ㌲ eaves nonbiri adj ࡡࢆࡦࡽ easy, leisurely: nokimásu, noku v ㏝ࡀࡱࡌ, ㏝ࡂ ~ ya ࡡࢆࡦࡽᒁ happy-go-lucky gets out of the way person: ie de ~ shimásu ᐓ࡚ࡡࢆ nókku shimásu (suru) v ࢿࢴࢠࡊࡱࡌ ࡦࡽࡊࡱࡌ relaxes at home ࡌࡾ knocks (on door) non-fikushon n ࢿࣤࣆ࢔ࢠࢨࣘࣤ nokogírí v ࡡࡆࡁࡽ࣬㗤 a saw (tool) nonfiction



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nónki (na)



nónki (na) adj ࡡࢆẴ>࿌Ẵ@࡝



easygoing, happy-go-lucky, carefree nonoshirimásu, nonoshíru v ⨤ࡽࡱ ࡌ, ⨤ࡾ reviles, abuses, swears at, curses non-sumōkā n ࢿࣤࢪ࣓࣭࣭࢜ non-smoker nosutarujia n ࢿࢪࢰࣜࢩ࢓ nostalgia noren n ࡡࡿࢆ࣬ᬦᗦ shop curtain; credit: ~ o oroshimásu ᬦ⡐ࢅୖ ࢀࡊࡱࡌ closes down one’s store; ~ o wakemásu ᬦ⡐ࢅฦࡄࡱࡌ



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



curses, utters a curse noronoro adv ࡡࢀࡡࢀ slowly, sluggishly: ~ unten ࡡࢀࡡࢀ㐘 ㌷ driving slowly noruma n ࢿ࣏ࣜ norm, quota: ~ o tasseishimásu ࢿ࣏ࣜࢅ㐡ᠺࡊࡱ ࡌ achieves one’s quota nō´ryoku n ⬗ງ ability (= nø ⬗, sainø ᡧ⬗) nosemásu, noseru v ஋ࡎࡱࡌ, ஋ࡎ ࡾ loads, puts aboard, ships nosemásu, noseru v ㍍ࡎࡱࡌ, ㍍ࡎ ࡾ publishes (in book, magazine,



lets the employee use the same etc.), posts (an article, etc.) shop name to open his/her own nōshuku n ⃨⦨ [BOOKISH] concentration (of liquid or air) shop norí n ࢿࣛ࣬ᾇⱇ seaweed noten (de/no) adv, adj 㔕ኮ࡚ࡡ (green); norí-maki n ࡡࡽ>ᾇⱇ@ᕬ outdoors: ~-búro 㔕ኮ㢴࿁ outࡀ sushi rice in a seaweed roll door bath norí n ࡡࡽ࣬⢮ paste; starch nōtenki (na) adj ⬗ኮẴ࡝ happynori-kaemásu, nori-káéru v ஋ࡽᥦ࠻ go-lucky, easy, optimistic (person) ࡱࡌ, ஋ࡽᥦ࠻ࡾ changes (vehicles) nō´to n ࢿ࣭ࢹ notebook norimásu, noru v ஋ࡽࡱࡌ, ஋ࡾ nottóri n ஋ࡖཱིࡽ hijack nottoríhan n ஋ࡖཱིࡽ≚ hijacker; nottorigets aboard, rides; is carried; jíken n ஋ࡖཱིࡽ஥௲ a hijacking; nori-ba n ஋ࡽሔ boarding area/ place; platform (at station); taxi (illegal) takeover, seizure station; bus stop; nori-kae n ஋ࡽ nottorimásu, nottóru v ஋ࡖཱིࡽࡱࡌ, ᥦ࠻ change, transfer (of vehicle); ஋ࡖཱིࡾ hijacks; (illegally) nori-mono n ஋ࡽ ∸ vehicle takes over, seizes Nōrin-Suisan-shō n ㎨ᯐỀ⏐┤ noyama n 㔕ᒜ fields and mountains Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry nōzei n ⣙⛧ payment of taxes nozokimásu, nozoku v ぢࡀࡱࡌ, ぢ and Fisheries of Japan (MAFF) ࡂ peeks/peeps at; nozokí-ana n ࡡ nōritsu n ⬗⋙ efficiency norói n ࿖࠷ a curse ࡑࡀ>ぢࡀ@✨ peephole; nozoki-ya norói n ࡡࢀ࠷ slow, dull, sluggish n ࡡࡑࡀ>ぢࡀ@ᒁ peeping Tom nozokimásu, nozoku v 㝎ࡀࡱࡌ, 㝎 [INFORMAL] noroimásu, noróu v ࿖࠷ࡱࡌ, ࿖࠹ ࡂ eliminates, removes; omits 198



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nyū…



nozomashíi adj ᭻ࡱࡊ࠷ desirable, numá n ἗ pond: ~-chi ἗ᆀ swamp,



welcome



marsh



nozomi n ᭻ࡲ a desire; a hope, an nuno n ᕱ cloth: ~-ji ᕱᆀ fabric nurashimásu, nurasu v ⃷ࡼࡊࡱࡌ, expectation nozomimásu, nozomu v ᭻ࡲࡱࡌ, ⃷ࡼࡌ wets, dampens ᭻ࡳ desires, looks to, hopes for nure-ginu v ⃷ࡿ⾨ false accusation nozomimásu, nozomu v ⮣ࡲࡱࡌ, nuremásu, nureru v ⃷ࡿࡱࡌ, ⃷ࡿ ⮣ࡳ [BOOKISH] looks out on ࡾ gets wet, damp; nurete imásu nū´do n ࢽ࣭ࢺ a nude ⃷ࡿ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ is wet nugemásu, nugéru v ⬲ࡅࡱࡌ, ⬲ࡅ nuri ሧࡽ n lacquer, varnish, ࡾ 1. it slips/comes off 2. can painting nuri-kaemásu, nuri-káéru v ሧࡽ᭨࠻ take it off nugimásu, núgu v ⬲ࡁࡱࡌ, ⬲ࡃ ࡱࡌ, ሧࡽ᭨࠻ࡾ repaints nurimásu, nuru v ሧࡽࡱࡌ, ሧࡾ takes off (clothes, shoes) nuguimásu, nuguu´ v ᣌ࠷ࡱࡌ, ᣌ࠹ lacquers, paints, varnishes, stains; wipes it away (butter) spreads; nuri-gúsuri n ሧࡽ nuigurumi n ⦥࠷ໜࡲ stuffed toy ⷾ ointment [INFORMAL] nuimásu, nuu´ v ⦥࠷ࡱࡌ, ⦥࠹ nurúi adj ࡟ࡾ࠷࣬Ὼ࠷ lukewarm, sews; núí-bari n ⦥࠷㔢 sewing tepid nushi n ୹ master, owner (= aruji needle; nui-mé n ⦥࠷┘ seam nukashimásu, nukasu v ᢜ࠾ࡊࡱࡌ, ୹) ᢜ࠾ࡌ skips, leaves out nusumí n ┈ࡲ theft nukemásu, nukeru v ᢜࡄࡱࡌ, ᢜࡄ nusumimásu, nusúmu v ┈ࡲࡱࡌ, ࡾ comes off; escapes; is omitted; ┈ࡳ steals, swipes, robs, rips off nuke-ana n ᢜࡄ✨ ① passage … nya/nyā´ … suffix ࡞ࡶ࡞ࡶ࠵ which allows one to go through [INFORMAL] = … ní wa … ࡞ࡢ ② escape route ③ loophole nyō n ᑺ [BOOKISH] urine, urinating …-nuki (de/no) suffix, adj, adv …ᢜ (= shíkko ࡊࡖࡆ, o-shíkko ࠽ࡊ ࡀ࡚ࡡ without (omitting) ࡖࡆ) nukimásu, nuku v ᢜࡀࡱࡌ, ᢜࡂ nyō´bō, nyō´bo n ዥᡛ my wife nyū… prefix ථ entering; nyū-en uncorks; removes; omits; surpasses; selects; nuki-ashi (sashiashi) n ථᅧ entering a kindergarten/ nursery; nyū-gaku n ථᏕ admission (de) adv ᢜࡀ㊂ᕣࡊ㊂ ࡚ stealthily, on tiptoe; nuki-uchi n to a school, entering a school; ᢜࡀᡬࡔ (test, inspection, etc.,) nyü(gaku)-shi(ken) ථᏕ ム㥺 without notice: ~-kensa ᢜࡀᡬ entrance exam; ~-shiki ථᏕᘟ ࡔ᳠ᰕ surprise inspection school entrance ceremony; nyū-in



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nyūbai



n ථ㝌 entering a hospital, hospital admission; nyū-jō n ථሔ admission (to a place): ~-ken ථ ሔไ admission ticket, platform (non-passenger) ticket; ~-ryø ථ ሔᩩ admission fee; nyū-ka n ථ Ⲭ arrival (of goods)(in shop, market, etc.); nyū-kai n ථఌ admission to an association; nyū-koku n ථᅗ entering a country; immigration: ~ kanri-kyoku ථᅗ⟮⌦ ᑻ Immigration Bureau of Japan; nyū-kyo n ථᑽ moving into an apartment; ~-sha ථᑽ⩽ tenant, resident (of an apartment); nyū-seki n ථ⡘ registering one’s marriage; nyū-sen n ථ㐽 winning a prize; nyū-sha n ථ♣ entering (joining) a company: ~-shikén ථ♣ム㥺 employment selection exam; nyūyoku n ථᾆ bath, taking a bath nyūbai n ථᱭ the rainy season (in Japan) (= tsuyu ᱭ㞭) nyū-eki n ஘ᾦ 1. latex 2. milky lotion, milky liquid (cosmetic) nyū-gan n ஘࠿ࢆ࣬஘⒬ breast



cancer nyū-gyū n ஘∭ dairy cattle nyū-inryō n ஘㣟ᩩ milk beverage nyū-ji n ஘ඡ infant Nyūjiirándo n ࢼ࣭ࣖࢩ࣭ࣚࣤࢺ New Zealand; ~-jin ࢼ࣭ࣖࢩ࣭ ࣚࣤࢺெ a New Zealander nyūnen (na/ni) adj, adv ථᛍ࡝࡞ careful(ly): ~ ni shirabemásu ථ ᛍ࡞ㄢ࡬ࡱࡌ searches carefully nyū-seihin n ஘⿿ဗ foods made



from milk (butter, cheese, etc.) nyūshō n ථ㈱ winning a prize: ~-sha ථ㈱⩽ a prizewinner nyū´su n ࢼ࣭ࣖࢪ news: ~-bangumi ࢼ࣭ࣖࢪ␊⤄ news program: ~-kyasutå ࢼ࣭ࣖࢪ࢞ ࣔࢪࢰ࣭ newscaster nyū´toraru n ࢼ࣭ࣖࢹࣚࣜ neutral (gear): (gia o) ~ ni iremásu ࢟ ࢓ࢅ ࢼ࣭ࣖࢹࣚࣜ࡞ථࡿࡱࡌ



shifts the gear into neutral Nyūyō´ku n ࢼ࣭࣭ࣖࣙࢠ New



York nyūyō (na) adj ථ⏕࡝ necessary,



needed



O យ᝷) ② o-aiso ࠽࠵࠷ࡐ (restaurant) bill, check; o-bā´-san n ࠽ࡣ࠵ࡈࢆ࣬࠽♵ẍࡈࢆ grand(personalizing): “your” or “that mother (family) (= bå-san ࡣ࠵ࡈ ࢆ, obå-chan ࠽ࡣ࠵ࡔࡶࢆ, só-bo important thing”; o-aiso n ࠽࠵ ࠷ࡐ࣬࠽យ᝷, o-aisø ࠽យ᝷ ♵ẍ); o-bā´-san n ࠽ࡣ࠵ࡈࢆ࣬࠽ ① compliment, flattery (= aiso ፚࡈࢆ (not relative) old lady/ 200



ó n ᑹ = shippó ࡊࡖࡰ࣬ᑶᑹ tail ó n ⥬ = hanao 㰧⥬ thong, strap o- prefix ࠽࣬ᚒ [HONORIFIC]



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JAPANESE–ENGLISH



o-



woman (= bå-san ࡣ࠵ࡈࢆ, obå[FORMAL] (= kå´san ẍࡈࢆ࣬࠾ chan ࠽ࡣ࠵ࡔࡶࢆ); o-bon n ࠽ ࠵ࡈࢆ; o-káshi n ࠽ⳣᏄ confec⓽ tray (= bon ⓽, torei ࢹࣝ࢕); tions, sweets, pastry, candy, O-bón n ࠽⓽ the Bon Festival cakes, cookies, biscuits (= kashi (Buddhist All Saints Day) (= Bon ⳣᏄ); o-kawari n ࠽ንࢂࡽ change ⓽); o-bō-san n ࠽ᆎࡈࢆ Buddhist (in health): ~ arimasénka. ࠽ን ࢂࡽ࠵ࡽࡱࡎࢆ࠾ࠊIs everything monk (= bø-san ᆎࡈࢆ); o-cha n ࠽Ⲍ Japanese green tea; the tea all right? (greeting) (= kawari ን ࢂࡽ ; o-ko-san n ࠽Ꮔࡈࢆ (your/ ceremony (= cha Ⲍ); o-hachi n ࠽㖂 rice bucket/tub (= hachi someone else’s) child (= ko Ꮔ ; 㖂); o-hana n ࠽ⰴ ① flower (= o-kyaku(-san/-sámá) n ࠽ᐂࡈࢆᵕ hana ⰴ) ② flower arrangement; visitor; customer, patron (= kyaku o-hana n ࠽㰧 nose (= hana 㰧); ᐂ); o-kyō n ࠽⤊ sutra (Buddhist o-hima n ࠽ᬜ (your) spare time, scripture) (= kyø ⤊ ; o-matsuri n ࠽⚅ࡽ festival (= matsuri ⚅ࡽ ; free time (= hima ᬜ); o-kane n ࠽㔘 money (= kane 㔘); o-kéiko o-múko-san n ࠽፯ࡈࢆ (your/some(goto) n ࠽✅ཿࡇ࡛ practice one else’s) son-in-law; bridegroom (artistic) (= kéiko ✅ཿ); o-ikura (= muko ፯ ; o-negai n ࠽㢢࠷ (désu ka) ࠽࠷ࡂࡼ࡚ࡌ࠾ How favor (requested), request (= much is this? (= ikura (désu ka) negai 㢢࠷); o-nē´-san n ࠽጗ࡈࢆ ࠷ࡂࡼ࡚ࡌ࠾ ); o-ikutsu (désu older sister (= në´-san ጗ࡈࢆ, ane ka) ࠽࠷ࡂࡗ࡚ࡌ࠾ How old ጗, aneki ጗㈏); o-níi-san n ࠽ඕࡈ (are you)? (= ikutsu (désu ka) ࠷ ࢆ older brother (= níi-san ඕࡈ ࡂࡗ࡚ࡌ࠾ ); o-iwai n ࠽♻࠷ ࢆ, ani ඕ, aniki ඕ㈏); o-rei n ࠽ celebration (= iwai ♻࠷); o-jama ♡ an acknowledgment, a thankn ࠽㑟㨩 (= jama 㑟㨩 ; O-jama you, a present (of appreciation) shimáshita ࠽㑟㨩ࡊࡱࡊࡒ. (= rei ♡); o-sake n ࠽㒿 saké Excuse me for having interrupted/ (Japanese rice wine); liquor (= sake 㒿); o-saki ni adv ࠽඙࡞ bothered you; o-jíi-san n ࠽ࡋ࠷ ࡈࢆ࣬♵∏ࡈࢆ grandfather Excuse me for going first; ~ ni shitsúrei shimásu ࠽඙࡞኶♡ࡊ (family) (=jii-san ࡋ࠷ࡈࢆ࣬♵ ∏ࡈࢆ, ojii-chan ࠽ࡋ࠷ࡔࡶࢆ); ࡱࡌ Excuse me for being the o-jíi-san n ࠽ࡋ࠷ࡈࢆ࣬࠽−ࡈࢆ first to leave; o-séwa n ࠽ୠヨ (not relative) old (gentle-)man care, assistance, help (= sewá ୠ (=jii-san ࡋ࠷ࡈࢆ࣬−ࡈࢆ, ojii- ヨ) (→ o-sewa-sama ࠽ୠヨᵕ); chan ࠽ࡋ࠷ࡔࡶࢆ); o-kā´-san n o-shirase n ࠽▩ࡼࡎ report, notice, ࠽ẍࡈࢆ࣬࠽࠾࠵ࡈࢆ mother information (= shirase ▩ࡼࡎ); 201



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…o



O-shōgatsu n ࠽ḿ᭮ New Year; January (= Shøgatsu ḿ᭮); o-sōshiki n ࠽ⴷᘟ funeral (= søshiki ⴷᘟ); o-sumō-san n ࠽┞᧖ࡈࢆ sumo wrestler (= sumø ┞᧖, rikishi ງኃ); o-súshi n ࠽ᑋྒྷ࣬ ࠽㩟 = súshi ࡌࡊ࣬ᑋྒྷ࣬㩟 sushi; o-témae n ࠽Ⅴ๑ tea ceremony procedures (= temae Ⅴ ๑); o-ténki n ࠽ኮẴ ① weather (= ténki ኮẴ) ② fair weather; o-tera n ࠽ᑈ Buddhist temple (= tera ᑈ); o-tō´-san n ࠽∏ࡈࢆ࣬࠽ ࡛࠹ࡈࢆ father (= tø´san ∏ࡈࢆ ࡛࣬࠹ࡈࢆ, oyaji の∏); o-toshi n ࠽ᖳ࣬࠽ṋ࣬(your/someone else’s) age (= toshi ᖳ࣬ṋ); o-tsuri n ࠽ࡗࡽ࣬࠽㔦ࡽ change (money returned) (= tsuri ࡗࡽ࣬㔦ࡽ); o-yakusho n ࠽ᙲᡜ government office (= yakusho ᙲᡜ); o-yasumi n ࠽ఆࡲ rest; holiday; recess; time off (= yasumí ఆࡲ[INFORMAL], kyüka ఆᬜ [FORMAL] ; o-yome-san n ࠽ᎋࡈࢆ (your/someone else’s) bride (= yome ᎋ); o-zōni n ࠽㞟 ↳ rice cakes boiled with vege-



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



① king ② champion: sekai ~ ୠ ⏲⋜⩽ world champion ③ ruler; ō-ji (-sama) n ⋜Ꮔᵕ prince; ō-jo (-sama) n ⋜ዥᵕ princess; ō-kan n ⋜෗ ① crown ② (bin no ~ ⎴ ࡡ⋜෗) bottle cap; ō-koku n ⋜ ᅗ kingdom; ō-sama n ⋜ᵕ king; ō-shitsu n ⋜ᐄ royal family ō-… prefix ኬ… big, great; ō-áme n ኬ㞭 heavy rain; ō-buroshiki n ኬ㢴࿁ᩔ very large square wrapping cloth; ō-dáiko n ኬኯ㰐 large drum; ō-dō´ri ኬ㏳ࡽ main street, avenue; ō-fúbuki n ኬྻ㞯 blizzard; ō-gata n ኬᆵ large-size (model); ō-gesa (na) adj ࠽࠽ࡅࡈ >ኬ⾻⿰@࡝ exaggerated; ō-hiroma n ኬᗀ㛣 great hall; ō-kaze n ኬ㢴 strong wind; ō´-mízú n ኬỀ flood (= køzui ὝỀ); ō-moji n ኬ ᩝᏊ capital letter; ō-mono n ኬ∸ a big shot; ō-ótoko n ኬ⏠ a giant of a man, big man; ō-sáwagi n ኬ 㥹ࡁ fuss, disturbance; ō-sōji n ኬ ᤪ㝎 great cleaning; ō-uridashi n ኬ኉ฝࡊ big sale; ō-yasu-uri n ኬ Ꮽ኉ࡽ special bargain sale; ō-yukí n ኬ㞯 heavy snow; ō-zúmō n ኬ ┞᧖ a grand sumo tournament;



tables (eaten as New Year’s soup) (= zøni 㞟↳) … o …ࢅ particle: marks direct an exciting match object (gets what, loves whom) oashisu n ࢛࢓ࢨࢪ oasis or path traversed (goes through/ o-azuke interj ࠽㡰ࡄ Wait! (training one’s dog) along where, using what path) ō´ n ⋜, ø-sama ⋜ᵕ king; ō-chō n ō´bā n ࢛࣭ࣁ࣭ overcoat, (top) coat ⋜᭽ royal dynasty; ō-hi n ⋜ደ o-báke n ࠽໩ࡄ࣬࠽ࡣࡄ ghost, queen; ō-i keishō n ⋜న⤽ᢆ suc- monster cession to the throne; ō-ja n ⋜⩽ ōbako n ࢛࢛ࣁࢤ (plant) plantain 202



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JAPANESE–ENGLISH



ōbā(-kōto) n ࢛࣭ࣁ࣭ࢤ࣭ࢹ



overcoat ō´bā (na) adj ࢛࣭ࣁ࣭࡝



exaggerated, over(ly), too much oba(-san) n ࠽ࡣ>ཱẍ@ࡈࢆ aunt



o-daiji ni



virgin (female) oboremásu, oboreru v ⁊ࡿࡱࡌ, ⁊ ࡿࡾ drowns ō´bo shimásu (suru) v ᚺຽࡊࡱࡌ ࡌࡾ applies obuimásu, obú v ㇿࡩ࠷ࡱࡌ, ㇿࡩ ࠹ carries on one’s back (= seoimásu, shoimásu ⫴ㇿ࠷ࡱࡌ) ōbun n ࢛࣭ࣇࣤ oven oburāto n ࢛ࣇ࣭ࣚࢹ wafer paper obutsu n ỗ∸ dirt ōchaku (na) adj ᶋ╌࡝ lazy: ~ na taido ᶋ╌࡝ឺᗐ lazy attitude ochi n ⴘࡔ 1. omission, lack: te-~ ᡥⴘࡔ oversight 2. punch line 3. the end, the result ochimásu, ochíru v ⴘࡔࡱࡌ, ⴘࡔࡾ



(younger sister of father or mother) (= oba-chan ࠽ࡣ>ཱẍ@ ࡔࡶࢆ) oba(-san) n ࠽ࡣ>ఐẍ@ࡈࢆ aunt (older sister of father or mother) (= oba-chan ࠽ࡣ>ఐẍ@ࡔࡶࢆ) oba(-san) n ࠽ࡣ>ᑚẍ@ࡈࢆ (not relative) lady, woman (middleaged) (= oba-chan ࠽ࡣࡔࡶࢆ) Ōbei n Ḛ⡷ Europe and America obekka n ࠽࡬ࡖ࠾ flattery óbi n ᖈ girdle, sash, belt, (Japanese) obi falls, drops; is omitted; fails; is ōbii n ࢛࣭ࣄ࣭࣬OB 1. (abbrevia- inferior; óchi-ba n ⴘࡔⴝ fallen tion for the word “old boy”) leaves male graduate, alumnus 2. (ab- ochi-tsuite ⴘࡔ╌࠷࡙ 1. adv breviation for the word “out of calmly 2. v calm down!: ~ kudasai ⴘࡔ╌࠷࡙ୖࡈ࠷ Please bounds”) OB (golf) obi-jō (no) adj ᖈ≟ࡡ belt(-like), calm down. ochi-tsuki n ⴘࡔ╌ࡀ: ~ ga aru a narrow strip (of) obitadashii adj ࠽ࡦࡒࡓࡊ࠷ (nai) ⴘࡔ╌ࡀ࠿࠵ࡾ࡝࠷ is a great number of, immense, calm; is restless ochi-tsukimásu, ochi-tsuku v ⴘࡔ╌ tremendous ōbō (na) adj ᶋᬸ࡝ high-handed, ࡀࡱࡌ, ⴘࡔ╌ࡂ calms down, tyrannical keeps cool, settles down, relaxes obóé n つ࠻ memory; conscious- o-chóko n ࠽ࡔࡺࡆ saké cup o-chūgen n ࠽୯ඔ midyear ness; oboe-gaki n つ࠻ ᭡ࡀ memo(-randum), note present, summer gift oboemásu, oboéru v つ࠻ࡱࡌ, つ o-daiji ni interj ࠽ኬ஥࡞: (døzo) ~ ࠻ࡾ remembers, keeps in mind; ni (shitekudasai)! ࡜࠹ࡑ ࠽ኬ ஥࡞ࡊ࡙ୖࡈ࠷ ! (Please) take learns oboko (-músume) n ࠽࡯ࡆፃ care of yourself! 203



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ōdāmeido



ōdāmeido n ࢛࣭ࢱ࣭࣒࢕ࢺ madeto-order: ~ (no) ࢛࣭ࢱ࣭࣒࢕ࢺ ࡡ custom-made ōdan n 㯜␿ (medical) jaundice ōdan n ᶋ᩷ crossing, going across, intersecting: ~-hodø ᶋ᩷ Ṅ㐠 pedestrian crossing odatemásu, odateru v ࠽ࡓ࡙ࡱࡌ, ࠽ࡓ࡙ࡾ coaxes odáyaka (na) adj ✔ࡷ࠾࡝ quiet,



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



oetsu n Ⴎဓ sobbing ofisu n ࢛ࣆ࢔ࢪ office ōfuku n ᙸᚗ round trip; ōfuku-kíppu n ᙸᚗว➚ round-trip ticket: ofukuro n ࠽ࡨࡂࢀ࣬࠽⾼ (familiar, usually male) (= okå´-san ࠽ẍࡈࢆ࣬࠽࠾࠵ࡈࢆ) 1. my mother 2. ofukuro-san ࠽⾼ࡈࢆ



(your/someone else’s) mother ofureko (no) adj ࢛ࣆࣝࢤࡡ off calm, peaceful, gentle; moderate the record odéko n ࠽࡚ࡆ forehead (= hitai ofu-shiizun n ࢛ࣆࢨ࣭ࢫࣤ off 㢘) season (= kansanki 㛡ᩋ᭿) o-dén n ࠽࡚ࢆ assorted boiled ogakuzu n ࠽࠿ᒆ sawdust ogamimásu, ogámu v ᣇࡲࡱࡌ, ᣇࡳ foods (Japanese hot pot) ōdio n ࢛࣭ࢸ࢔࢛ audio: ~-mania worships, looks at with respect ࢛࣭ࢸ࢔࢛࣏ࢼ࢓ audiophile, ōganikku (no) adj ࢛࣭࢝ࢼࢴࢠ ࡡ organic (= yüki ᭯ᶭ) audio nut ōdishon n ࢛࣭ࢸ࢔ࢨࣘࣤ audition ogawa n ᑚᕖ brook, stream odokashimásu, odokasu v ⬛࠾ࡊࡱ ógi n ࢛࢟࣬Ⲯ a reed ōgí n ᡢ a folding fan ࡌ, ⬛࠾ࡌ threatens odori n ㊸ࡽ dance, dancing oginái n ⿭࠷ supplement odorimásu, odoru v ㊸ࡽࡱࡌ, ㊸ࡾ oginaimásu, ogináu v ⿭࠷ࡱࡌ, ⿭࠹ dances completes; complements, makes odorokashimásu, odorokásu v 㦣࠾ good, makes up for ࡊࡱࡌ, 㦣࠾ࡌ surprises, scares, ōgon n 㯜㔘 gold (= kin 㔘) ogorimásu, ogoru v 㦟ࡽࡱࡌ, 㦟ࡾ astonishes odorokimásu, odoróku v 㦣ࡀࡱࡌ, is extravagant 㦣ࡂ is surprised, astonished ogorimásu, ogoru v ዘࡽࡱࡌ, ዘࡾ odoshimásu, odosu v ⬛ࡊࡱࡌ, ⬛ treats (pays the bill) ࡌ threatens ohako n ࠽ࡢࡆ࣬༎ඳ␊ one’s oemásu, oeru v ⤂࠻ࡱࡌ, ⤂࠻ࡾ hobby; one’s “thing”, specialty, ends it, finishes, completes (favorite) trick ōen n ᚺᥴ help, assistance; O-hayō (gozaimásu) interj ࠽ࡢࡻ࠹ ࡇࡉ࠷ࡱࡌ Good morning! cheering for; support; ōen-dan n ᚺᥴᅆ cheering party ōhei n ᶋᯮ arrogance (= gøman ōeru n ࢛࣭࢙ࣜ office lady ഩះ࣬ࡇ࠹ࡱࢆ): ~ na taido ᶋ 204



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ō-jimásu, ō-jiru



ᯮ࡝ឺᗐ insolence on one’s back o-hína sama n ࠽ࡥ࡝>㞦@ᵕ (Dolls oimásu, oiru v ⩹࠷ࡱࡌ, ⩹࠷ࡾ



Festival) dolls



grows old



o-hi-sama n ࠽᪝ᵕ sun (baby talk) ōimásu, oou´, ōu´ v さ࠷ࡱࡌ, さ࠹ o-hitáshi n ࠽ᾈࡊ boiled greens covers, shields ōin n ᢪ㡡 [BOOKISH] rhyme (= in (usually spinach, served cold 㡡) with seasoning) o-hitsu n ࠽ᷤ࣬࠽ࡥࡗ rice tub/ ōin n ᢪ༰ [BOOKISH] putting one’s



bucket



seal



o-híya n ࠽෫ࡷ cold water Ohōtsuku-kai n ࢛࣭࣌ࢵࢠᾇ Sea



ōi ni adv ࠽࠽࠷࡞࣬ኬ࠷࡞ very, greatly (= hijø ni 㟸ᖏ࡞, totemo ࡛࡙ࡵ) of Okhotsk oi n ⏒ nephew; oi-go-san n ⏒ᚒࡈ óiru n ࢛࢕ࣜ oil (for car engine) ࢆ (your/someone else’s) nephew; oishii adj ࠽࠷ࡊ࠷࣬⨶࿝ࡊ࠷ oi-kko n ⏒ࡖᏄ nephew (= oi ⏒) tasty, nice, delicious, yummy (= ói interj ࠽࠷ hey! (mostly male, umai ࠹ࡱ>᪠࣬⨶࿝@࠷) oishisō adj ࠽࠷ࡊࡐ࠹ looks very informal) ō´i adj ኣ࠷ many, numerous; lots; tasty/nice/delicious/yummy (= ō´ku adv ኣࡂ a lot of, many umasø ࠹ࡱ>᪠࣬⨶࿝@ࡐ࠹) oide interj ࠽࠷࡚ Come! (training oisoreto adj ࠽࠷ࡐࡿ࡛ [(usually)



one’s dog, etc.) oide (ni narimásu) v ࠽࠷࡚࡞࡝ࡽ ࡱࡌ = irasshaimásu ࠷ࡼࡖࡊ ࡶ࠷ࡱࡌ [HONORIFIC] 1. comes 2. goes 3. is, stays oi-kakemásu, oi-kakéru v ㏛࠷᤻ࡄࡱ ࡌ, ㏛࠷᤻ࡄࡾ chases oi-koshimásu, oi-kósu v ㏛࠷㉲ࡊ ࡱࡌ, ㏛࠷㉲ࡌ (overtakes and)



passes oimásu, ou v ㏛࠷ࡱࡌ, ㏛࠹ chases, pursues; oi-kaze n ㏛࠷㢴 tail wind; oi-koshi n ㏛࠷㉲ࡊ Passing: ~ kinshi ㏛࠷㉲ࡊ⚏Ḿ No Passing: ~ shasen ㏛࠷㉲ࡊ㌬⥲ passing



+ NEGATIVE verb] easily, quickly oitachi n ⏍࠷❟ࡔ (one’s) personal



history o-itoma n ࠽ᬜ leave-taking, farewell: ~ (ita-)shimásu ࠽ᬜ⮬ ࡊ ࡱࡌ I will take my leave. oi-tsukimásu, oi-tsukú v ㏛࠷௛ ࡀࡱࡌ, ㏛࠷௛ࡂ (… ni …࡞)



catches up (with), overtakes o-jigi n ࠽㎙ൢ a polite bow: ~ o shimásu ࠽㎙ൢࢅࡊࡱࡌ bows ōjii n ࢛࣭ࢩ࣭ (abbreviation for



the word “old girl”) female graduate, alumna ō-jimásu, ō-jiru v ᚺࡋࡱࡌ, ᚺࡋ ࡾ responds (to), accedes (to), line oimásu, ou v ㇿ࠷ࡱࡌ, ㇿ࠹ carries complies (with) 205



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ōji (-sama)



ōji (-sama) n ⓒᏄᵕ emperor’s



son oji (-san) n ࠽ࡋ>ཱ∏@ࡈࢆ



uncle (younger brother of father or mother) (= oji-chan ࠽ࡋ>ཱ ∏@ࡔࡶࢆ) oji (-san) n ࠽ࡋ>ఐ∏@ࡈࢆ uncle (older brother of father or mother) (= oji-chan ࠽ࡋ>ఐ∏@ ࡔࡶࢆ) oji (-san) n ࠽ࡋ>ᑚ∏@ࡈࢆ (not relative) (gentle) man, (middleaged) man (= oji-chan ࠽ࡋࡔࡶ ࢆ) ojoku n ỗ㎧ disgrace, shame, scandal ōjo (-sama) n ⓒዥᵕ emperor’s daughter ojō-san n ࠽Ꮃࡈࢆ a young lady; (your/someone else’s) daughter; Miss o-jū´ n ࠽㔔 = jübako 㔔⟵ (nested boxes; picnic boxes) oka n ୢ hill oka n 㝛 dry land okabu n ࠽ᰬ = ohako ࠽ࡢࡆ࣬༎ ඳ␊ (specialty, habit) O-kaeri nasái! interj ࠽ᖉࡽ࡝ࡈ࠷! Welcome back! okage n ࠽࠾ࡅ࣬࠽ⶩ࣬࠽㝔; … no ~ de …ࡡ࠽࠾ࡅ>࠽ⶩ࣬࠽㝔@ ࡚ thanks to …



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



O-kamai náku interj ࠽ᵋ࠷࡝ࡂ.



Don’t go to any trouble. okámi n ᚒ୕࣬࠽୕ the authori-



ties, the government okámi n ࠽࠾ࡲ࣬ዥᑑ = ~-san ࠽ ࠾ࡲ>ዥᑑ@ࡈࢆ landlady; mar-



ried woman, (your/someone else’s) wife (= oku-san/sama ዚ ࡈࢆᵕ) ō´kami n ࢛࢛࣐࢜࣬⊃ wolf o-kara n ࢛࢜ࣚ bean-curd lees ōkare sukunakare adv ኣ࠾ࡿᑛ࡝ ࠾ࡿ more or less okaruto n ࢛࢜ࣜࢹ occult: ~-eiga ࢛࢜ࣜࢹ᫆⏤ occult film(s) okashíi adj ࠽࠾ࡊ࠷, ~ na (…) ࠽ ࠾ࡊ࡝… 1. amusing, funny 2. strange, peculiar, queer okashimásu, okásu v ≚ࡊࡱࡌ, ≚ࡌ commits, perpetrates; violates okashimásu, okásu v ౴ࡊࡱࡌ, ౴ ࡌ encroaches upon, invades okashimásu, okásu v ාࡊࡱࡌ, ා ࡌ braves; attacks ōkata adv ࠽࠽࠾ࡒ࣬ኬ᪁ 1. for the most part 2. probably o-káwari n ࠽௥ࢂࡽ a second helping (usually of rice) o-kazari n ࠽㣥ࡽ (→ kazari 㣥ࡽ) 1. decorations and/or offerings to the gods and Buddha 2. New Year’s decorations 3. mere figurehead okage-sama (de) ࠽࠾ࡅࡈࡱ࡚ thanks to your solicitude; thank okazu n ࠽࠾ࡍ main/side dish (to go with the rice) you (I’m very well or it’s going óke n ᱡ tub, wooden bucket: fuvery nicely) ro-~ 㢴࿁ᱡ bathtub: kan-~ ᳄ᱡ ōkakumaku n ᶋ㝰⭯ diaphragm 206



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oku-…



coffin [INFORMAL] (= hitsugi ᳄) ōkē n ࢛࣭ࢢ࣭ okay, ok ōkesutora n ࢛࣭ࢢࢪࢹࣚ orchestra oki n ἀ offshore, offing; oki-ba n ⨠ࡀሔ a place (to put something); oki-miyage n ⨠ࡀᅰ⏐ keepsake, parting present/gift; oki-mono n ⨠ࡀ∸ ornament; bric-a-brac; oki-tegami n ⨠ࡀᡥ⣤ letter/note left behind ō-kíi adj ኬࡀ࠷ big, large; loud (= ø´ki na ኬࡀ࡝); ō´-kiku adv ኬ ࡀࡂ greatly, much, loudly; so as to be big/loud: ~ nái (arimasén) ኬࡀࡂ࡝࠷࠵ࡽࡱࡎࢆ small, modest; ō-ki (na) adj ኬࡀ࡝ big, great okimásu, oku v ⨠ࡀࡱࡌ, ⨠ࡂ puts (aside), places, sets, lays; shite ~ ࡊ࡙⨠ࡀࡱࡌ does for later, does for now (for the time being) okimásu, okíru v ㉫ࡀࡱࡌ, ㉫ࡀࡾ gets up; arises okina n ⩕ old man, o-ki-ni-iri n ࠽Ẵ࡞ථࡽ favorite: kono pëji o ~ ni tsuikashimásu ࡆࡡ࣭࣋ࢩࢅ࠽Ẵ࡞ථࡽ࡞㏛ຊ ࡊࡱࡌ bookmarks this page (as



okkū (na) adj ൦ຒ࡝ trouble-



some, bothersome ōkō (suru) adj ᶋ⾔ࡌࡾ rampant okonai ⾔࠷ n act(ion), deed, conduct: higoro no ~ ᪝ࡇࢀࡡ⾔ ࠷ daily behavior okonaimásu, okonau v ⾔࠷ࡱࡌ, ⾔࠹ acts, does, carries out,



performs okonomi-yaki n ࠽ይࡲ↕ࡀ sea-



soned pancake okorí v ㉫ࡆࡽ origin, source, beginning: koto no ~ (wa)… ஥ ࡡ㉫ࡆࡽࡢ  it happened



because…, it started like this… okorí n ࠽ࡆࡽ ague, the shakes okorimásu, okóru v ㉫ࡆࡽࡱࡌ, ㉫ ࡆࡾ happens, occurs, arises;



springs from okorimásu, okóru v ⮾ࡽࡱࡌ, ⮾ࡾ



starts; prospers; rises okorimásu, okóru v ᛛࡽࡱࡌ, ᛛࡾ



gets mad/angry okoshimásu, okósu v ㉫ࡆࡊࡱࡌ, ㉫ࡆࡌ raises; establishes; gets a



person up, rouses



okoshimásu, okósu v ⮾ࡊࡱࡌ, ⮾ ࡌ gives rise to, brings about okotarimásu, okotaru v ᛨࡽࡱࡌ, ᛨ a favorite) (web browser) ōkisa n ኬࡀࡈ size (= saizu ࢦ࢕ࢫ) ࡾ neglects, shirks; is lazy about okite n ᤽ law, rule, regulation: óku n ൦ a hundred million: ~-man ~ o mamorimásu (yaburimásu) chøja ൦୒㛏⩽ a billionaire observes (breaks) a rule ᤽ࢅᏬ óku n ዚ the back or inside part; ࡽࡱࡌ◒ࡽࡱࡌ óku-ba n ዚṉ back tooth okiwasuréru v ⨠ࡀᚸࡿࡾ forgets oku-… prefix ᒁ house, roof; okkochimásu, okkochíru v ⴘࡖࡆࡔ oku-gai (no/de) adj, adv ᒁአࡡ ࡱࡌ, ⴘࡖࡆࡔࡾ falls ࡚ outdoor(s), outside; oku-jō (no/



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ō´ku



de) adj, adv ᒁ୕ࡡ࡚ on the



roof(top), rooftop floor ō´ku ኣࡂ 1. n a lot, for the most part 2. adv mostly okubi n ࠽ࡂࡦ belch okubyō´ n ⮉⑋ cowardice: ~ (na) ⮉⑋࡝ cowardly, timid; ~-monó ⮉⑋⩽ a coward (= kowagari ᛟ>ᜅ@࠿ࡽ okure n ᚃࡿ a lag: ~ o torimásu ᚃࡿࢅཱིࡽࡱࡌ falls behind,



gets defeated okuremásu, okureru v 㐔ࡿࡱࡌ, 㐔 ࡿࡾ is late, gets delayed; lags,



falls behind; runs late okurimásu, okuru v ㏞ࡽࡱࡌ, ㏞ࡾ



o-mamori n ࠽Ꮼࡽ amulet, charm,



good-luck piece O-matase (ita)shimáshita interj ࠽ᙽ ࡒࡎ⮬ ࡊࡱࡊࡒ. Sorry to have



made you wait. omáwari (-san) n ࠽ᕙࡽࡈࢆ ࣬࠽ ࡱࢂࡽࡈࢆ policeman, (police)



officer o-me n ࠽┘eyes: ~ ni kakarimásu ࠽┘࡞࠾࠾ࡽࡱࡌ I meet/see you; ~ ni kakemásu ࠽┘࡞࠾ ࡄࡱࡌ I show it to you ō-medama o kuimásu (kū) v ኬ┘⋚ ࢅ㣏࠷ࡱࡌ㣏࠹ gets severely



scolded, gets it in the neck omedeta n ࠽ࡴ࡚ࡒ blessed event



sends; sees a person off; spends (pregnancy, childbirth, marriage, (time) etc.) okurimásu, okuru v ㉏ࡽࡱࡌ, ㉏ࡾ o-medetō (gozaimásu) interj ࠽ࡴ࡚ presents, awards; okuri-mono n ㉏ ࡛࠹ࡇࡉ࠷ࡱࡌ congratulations: akemáshite ~ ᪺ࡄࡱࡊ࡙࠽ࡴ࡚ ࡽ∸ gift, present óku-san/-sama n ዚࡈࢆ/ᵕ (your/ ࡛࠹ࡇࡉ࠷ࡱࡌ Happy New someone else’s) wife; lady, Year! omei n ỗྞ disgrace Madam okusoku n ᠀ῼ guess ōme ni mimásu (miru) v ኬ┘࡞ずࡱ ō-kyū n ᚺ᛬ emergency; ōkyū-shochi ࡌずࡾ overlooks (= minogan ᚺ᛬ฌ⨠ first aid; ōkyū-sochi n shimásu ず㏠ࡊࡱࡌ): (døka) øme ᚺ᛬᥈⨠ emergency measure ni mitekudasai ࡜࠹࠾ ኬ┘࡞ず okuyami n ࠽᜴ࡷࡲ condolences ࡙ୖࡈ࠷ Please give me a break. O-machidō-sama déshita interj ࠽ᙽ o-meshi ni narimásu (náru) v ࠽྇ࡊ ࡔ࡜࠹ࡈࡱ࡚ࡊࡒ. Thank you ࡞࡝ࡽࡱࡌ࡝ࡾ [HONORIFIC] 1. wears 2. buys 3. invites for waiting. (at restaurant, etc.) omae pron ࠽๑ (mostly male. 4. kaze o ~ 㢴㑟ࢅ࠽྇ࡊ࡞࡝ࡽ ࡱࡌ catches a cold familiar or rude) you omake n ࠽ࡱࡄ extra, bonus, o-mi- prefix ࠽ࡲ (for a few words) premium: ~ ni ࠽ࡱࡄ࡞ to boot, = o- ࠽࣬ᚒ [HONORIFIC]; o-mi-ki n ᚒ♼㒿 saké offered to the gods in addition 208



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on



(= miki ♼㒿); o-míkoshi n ࠽♼㍷ 2. atmosphere, air 3. circumportable shrine (= mikoshi ♼㍷) stance, contents 4. condition ō-mísoka n ኬᬁ᪝ last day of omoya n ẍᒁ main building/house omoi-yari n ࠽ࡵ࠷ࡷࡽ considerayear; New Year’s eve o-miya n ࠽ᐋ shrine (Shinto shrine) tion (being kind), solicitude o-miyage n ࠽ࡲࡷࡅ࣬࠽ᅰ⏐, ómo (na) adj ୹(࡝) principal, o-míya ࠽ࡲࡷ (baby talk) gift, main: ómo ni ୹࡞ mainly present (as souvenir) (= miyage omo-ni n 㔔Ⲭ burden (on one’s ࡲࡷࡅ) mind) omo-… prefix 㟻 face; omo-naga omosa n 㔔ࡈ weight (na/no) adj 㟻㛏࡝ࡡ long-faced; omoshi n 㔔ࡊ a weight (object) …(na) omo-mochi suffix, n ࡝ omoshirói adj ࠽ࡵࡊࢀ࠷࣬㟻Ⓣ࠷ 㟻ᣚࡔ a look on one’s face: fuan interesting, pleasant, amusing, na ~ ୘Ꮽ࡝㟻ᣚࡔ a worried funny look on one’s face: kinchø no ~ omoté n ⾪ front (side), surface, ⥥ᘿࡡ㟻ᣚࡔ a nervous look on outer side/surface; omote-dōri n ⾪ ㏳ࡽ main street; omote-muki (no/ one’s face; omo-yatsure n 㟻ࡷࡗ ࡿ drawn and haggard face (due wa) adj, adv ⾪ྡྷࡀࡡࡢ to worry and/or illness) ostensible (ostensibly), on the omócha n ࠽ࡵࡔࡶ࢛࣓࣬ࢲࣔ࣬ surface, official(ly) omowánu … adj ᛦࢂ࡟…; ⋭ර toy omoemásu, omoéru v ᛦ࠻ࡱࡌ, unexpected, unanticipated ᛦ࠻ࡾ 1. can think 2. = omowa- omowaremásu, omowaréru v ᛦࢂࡿ remásu ᛦࢂࡿࡱࡌ (is thought) ࡱࡌ, ᛦࢂࡿࡾ is thought; omoi adj 㔔࠷ heavy; grave, seems, appears omowasemásu, omowaséru v ᛦࢂࡎ serious; important omói n ᛦ࠷ thought, idea; ࡱࡌ, ᛦࢂࡎࡾ reminds one of, feeling, mind, heart; desire, will makes one think of omoi-dashimásu, omoi-dásu v ᛦ࠷ฝ ōmu n ࢛࣑ࢗ࣬㮡㬹 parrot ࡊࡱࡌ, ᛦ࠷ฝࡌ remembers, ō-mugi n ࢛࢛࣑࢟࣬ኬ㯇 barley recalls; omoide n ᛦ࠷ฝ memory omunibasu n ࢛࣑ࢼࣁࢪ omnibus omu-ráisu n ࢛࣑ࣚ࢕ࢪ omelet (a recollection) wrapped around rice omoigakénai v ᛦ࠷࠿ࡄ࡝࠷ omuretsu n ࢛࣑ࣝࢵ omelet unexpected, surprising omoimásu, omóu v ᛦ࠷ࡱࡌ, ᛦ࠹ omútsu n ࠽ࡳࡗ diapers on n 㡚 sound; pronunciation; thinks, feels omomuki n ㉻ 1. taste, flavor on-kyō n 㡚㡢 sound: ~-køka 㡚㡢 209



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on-



ຝᯕ sound effect; on-pa n 㡚ἴ (…): ~ yø´ (na) ྜྷࡋࡻ࠹࡝ sound wave; on-ritsu n 㡚ᚂ alike, similar o-naka n ࠽⭙ stomach: ~ ga rhythm; on-ryō n 㡚㔖 sound volume: ~ o agete (sagete) kuda- sukimáshita ࠽࡝࠾࠿ࡌࡀࡱࡊࡒ sai 㡚㔖ࢅ୕ࡅ࡙ୖࡅ࡙ ୖࡈ࠷ is hungry Please turn up (down) the volume; onanii n ࢛ࢻࢼ࣭ masturbation on-setsu n 㡚⟿ syllable; on-yomi n (= jíi ⮤័ 㡚ㄖࡲ Chinese reading of kanji/ onara n ࠽࡝ࡼ flatulence, fart ónbu shimásu (suru) v ࠽ࢆࡩࡊࡱ Chinese character in Japanese on- prefix ᚒ (for a few words) ࡌࡌࡾ carries baby on back; = o- ࠽࣬ᚒ [HONORIFIC]: on-sha rides on back ᚒ♣ (letter) (your) good self, onchū n ᚒ୯ [HONORIFIC] Messrs.



your esteemed institution/organization; on-zøshi ᚒ᭢ྒྷᚒ᭢Ꮔ scion; ... on-chü ... ᚒ୯ (letter) Dear ...; on-rei møshiagemasu ᚒ♡⏞ࡊ୕ࡅࡱࡌ Thank you ... for ... ón n ᜘go-ón ࡇ᜘ obligation; kindness:; go-ón wa isshø wasuremasen ࡇ᜘ࡢୌ⏍ᚸࡿࡱࡎࢆ I will never forget your kindness.; on-gaeshi n ᜘㏁ࡊ returning the favour, repaying the favour; onjin n ᜘ெ benefactor: inochi no ~ ࿤ࡡ᜘ெ person to whom one owes his/her life; ón ni kimásu, ón ni kiru v ᜘࡞╌ࡱࡌ, ᜘࡞╌ࡾ I appreciate it. I am deeply grateful.; ón ni kisemásu, ón ni kiseru v ᜘࡞╌ࡎࡱࡌ, ᜘࡞╌ࡎࡾ emphasizes the favor one has done:



(on envelope) óndo n Ὼᗐ temperature; ~-kei Ὼ ᗐ゛ thermometer ondori n ࢛ࣤࢺࣛ࣬㞕㭔 rooster ōnetsu-byō n 㯜⇍⑋ (medical)



yellow fever



óngaku n 㡚ᴞ music; ongak(u)-ka n 㡚ᴞᐓ musician; ongák(u)-kai n 㡚 ᴞఌ concert oní n 㨛 1. demon, devil, ogre 2. cruel, cold, and/or heartless person 3. fiend, person who devotes all his/her energy: shigoto no ~ ௘஥ࡡ㨛 a workaholic; oníbaba n 㨛ፚ hag; oní-gokko n 㨛ࡇ ࡖࡆ tag (child game) onkei n ᜘ᜠ favor onná n ዥ, ~ no hitó/katá ዥࡡெ ᪁ woman, female; ~ no kyø´dai ዥࡡࡀࡺ࠹ࡓ࠷ sister(s) (= on-kisegamashii ᜘╌ࡎ࠿ࡱࡊ࠷ shímai ጗ግ); onna-gata n ዥᙟ, oyáma ࠽ࡷࡱ࣬ዥᙟ female condescending, patronizing; onshi n ᜘ᖅ former teacher impersonator (in Kabuki); onnamono n ዥ∸ women’s wear; ōnā n ࢛࣭ࢻ࣭ owner onaji (…) adj ྜྷࡋ… the same onná-no-ko n ዥࡡᏄ girl (=



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oríibu



joshi ዥᏄ); onna-shújin n ዥ୹ெ Countries, OPEC hostess; onna-yu n ዥ… women’s ópera n ࢛࣋ࣚ opera óppai n ࠽ࡖࡤ࠷ (= (o-)chichí (section of the) bath óno n ᩴ ax, hatchet ࠽ ஘ (baby talk, slang) breast; onóono adj ྘ࠍ࣬࠽ࡡ࠽ࡡ each, milk (= chíbusa, nyübø ஘ᡛ) respectively, severally: ~ no ྘ ō´pun n ࢛࣭ࣈࣤ open; ō´pun na ࠍࡡ respective adj ࢛࣭ࣈࣤ࡝ open, candid onore n ࠽ࡡࡿ self [BOOKISH] ōra n ࢛࣭ࣚ aura: ~ ga arimásu onozukara adv ⮤ࡍ࠾ࡼ automati- ࢛࣭ࣚ࠿࠵ࡽࡱࡌ has radiance ōrai n ᙸᮮ traffic; communication; cally, spontaneously onparēdo n ࢛ࣤࣂ࣭ࣝࢺ on pathoroughfare ō´rai n ࢛࣭ࣚ࢕ “all right, OK”, rade, succession onrain n ࢛ࣤࣚ࢕ࣤonline; onrain (all clear, go ahead) ōkushon n ࢛ࣤࣚ࢕࢛࣭ࣤ࣬ࢠ ōraka (na) adj ࠽࠽ࡼ࠾࡝ generࢨࣘࣤ online auction; onrain ous, big-hearted, easygoing: gēmu n ࢛ࣤࣚ࢕ࣤࢣ࣭࣑ online ~ na seikaku ࠽࠽ࡼ࠾࡝ᛮ᰹ game (Internet); onrain tsūhan saito generous personality n ࢛ࣤࣚ࢕ࣤ㏳㈅ࢦ࢕ࢹ online Oranda n ࢛ࣚࣤࢱ Holland; (= Oranda no ࢛ࣚࣤࢱࡡ) Dutch shopping site onryō n ᛯ㟃 vengeful ghost/spirit ore pron ࠽ࡿ࣬ದ (male, unonsen n Ὼἠ hot spring; spa: refined) I/me ~-ryokan Ὼἠ᪉㤃 Japanese inn oremásu, oréru v ᢙࡿࡱࡌ, ᢙࡿࡾ 1. it breaks; it folds 2. can and hot-spring onshin n 㡚ಘ contact, news: ~ break/fold/bend it futsü desu 㡚ಘ୘㏳࡚ࡌ is out orénji n ࢛ࣝࣤࢩ orange; orenjijü´sú n ࢛ࣝࣤࢩࢩ࣭ࣖࢪ orange of contact, lost touch with onshitsu n Ὼᐄ greenhouse juice/drink onsui n ῺỀ warm water oresen-gurafu n ᢙࡿ⥲ࢡࣚࣆ line onwa n Ὼ࿰ 1. mild, moderate graph (climate) 2. gentle, quiet, calm ori n ࠽ࡽ࣬⃞ dregs, sediment orí n ᷞ cage; jail and peaceful person on za rokku n ࢛ࣤࢧࣞࢴࢠ on the orí n ᢙ time, occasion rocks (whiskey, etc.) orientēshon n ࢛࢙ࣛࣤࢷ࣭ࢨࣘࣤ onzōshi n ᚒ᭢ྒྷ son of a noble/ orientation orígami n ࠽ࡽ࠿ࡲ࣬ᢙࡽ⣤ distinguished family opekku n ࢛࣋ࢴࢠ Organization paper-folding (art) oríibu n ࢛࣭ࣛࣇ olive; oriibu-yu/of Petroleum Exporting



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orimásu, óru



oiru ࢛࣭ࣛࣇἔ࢛࢕ࣜ olive oil orimásu, óru v ᑽࡽࡱࡌ, ᑽࡾ



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



oroshi-uri n ༷ࡊ኉ࡽ (selling)



wholesale ōrudo misu n ࢛࣭ࣜࢺ࣐ࢪ old [DEFERENTIAL/HUMBLE] is, stays (= imásu ᑽࡱࡌ, iru ᑽࡾ) maid, spinster orimásu, óru v ᢙࡽࡱࡌ, ᢙࡾ orugōru n ࢛ࣜࢥ࣭ࣜ music box breaks (folds, bends) it; ori-mé n ōru maitii adj ࢛࣭࣏ࣜ࢕ࢷ࢔ ᢙࡽ┘ fold, crease, pleat almighty 1. the ace of spades orimásu, óru v ⧂ࡽࡱࡌ, ⧂ࡾ (card game) 2. all-around (= weaves it; ori-mono n ⧂∸ cloth, zennø ධ⬗) ōru-naito adj ࢛࣭ࣜࢻ࢕ࢹ alltextile, fabric orimásu, oríru v ୖࡽࡱࡌ, ୖࡽࡾ night (= shüya ⤂እ): ~ køgyø ࢛ ࣭ࣜࢻ࢕ࢹ⮾⾔ all-night show goes down orimásu, oríru v 㜾ࡽࡱࡌ, 㜾ࡽࡾ ōryō n ᶋ㡷 embezzlement osaemásu, osáéru v ᢪࡈ࠻ࡱࡌ, ᢪ gets down, gets off (a ship/ ࡈ࠻ࡾ represses; covers; holds plane), gets out (of a car) ori-tatamimásu, ori-tatamu v ᢙࡽ␒ osaemásu, osáéru v ᢒ࠻ࡱࡌ, ᢒ࠻ ࡲࡱࡌ, ᢙࡽ␒ࡳ folds up ࡾ controls, restrains óroka adj ម࠾ [BOOKISH] foolish Ōsaka n ኬ㜨 Osaka; Ōsaká-Eki n ኬ㜨㥈 Osaka Station; Ōsaká-jin n (= baka na 㤷㮭࡝) ōrora n ࢛࣭ࣞࣚ aurora ኬ㜨ெ an Osakan oroshí v ࠽ࢀࡊ 1. a grater (= osamarimásu, osamáru v ཭ࡱࡽࡱࡌ, ~-gane ࠽ࢀࡊ㔘) 2. (something) ཭ࡱࡾ gets reaped (collected, grated: daikon-~ ኬ᰷࠽ࢀ@ brought in) osamarimásu, osamáru v ⣙ࡱࡽࡱ grated radish oroshimásu, orósu v ୖࢀࡊࡱࡌ, ୖ ࡌ, ⣙ࡱࡾ is paid osamarimásu, osamáru v ἖ࡱࡽࡱ ࢀࡌ takes down, lowers; unloads; invests; yokin o ~ 㡰㔘 ࡌ, ἖ࡱࡾ settles (down/in) ࢅୖࢀࡊࡱࡌ withdraws o-samemásu, osaméru v ཭ࡴ>⣙ࡴ@ ࡱࡌ, ཭ࡴ>⣙ࡴ@ࡾ reaps, (deposited money) oroshimásu, orósu v 㜾ࢀࡊࡱࡌ, 㜾 harvests, collects; gets; finishes ࢀࡌ lets one off (a ship/plane), o-samemásu, osaméru v ⣙ࡴࡱࡌ, ⣙ࡴࡾ pays (tax, premium, etc.) drops off (from a car), lets out (of a car) o-samemásu, osaméru v ἖ࡴࡱࡌ, oroshimásu, orósu v ሃࢀࡊࡱࡌ, ሃ ἖ࡴࡾ governs; pacifies ࢀࡌ aborts, has an abortion o-san n ࠽⏐ childbirth (= shussan óroshí (no/de) adj, adv ༷ࡡ࡚ ฝ⏐) osanái adj ᖺ࠷ infant(ile), very wholesale 212



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young; childish, green (inexperienced) o-san shimásu (suru) v ࠽⏐ࡊࡱࡌ ࡌࡾ gives birth to (= shussan shimásu (suru) ฝ⏐ࡊࡱࡌࡌࡾ ) osarai n ࠽ࡈࡼ࠷ review [INFORMAL] (= fukushü ᚗ⩞) o-séchi n ࠽ࡎࡔ࣬࠽⟿ a season; a festival; osechi-ryō´ri n ࠽ࡎࡔᩩ⌦ festival cookery (for New Year’s) o-seibo n ࠽ṋᬵ year-end present, winter gift o-seji n ࠽ୠ㎙࣬࠽ࡎࡋ compliment, flattery: o-~ o iimásu ࠽ୠ ㎙ࢅゕ࠷ࡱࡌ pays compliments, flatters o-sékkai n ࠽⟿௒ meddling: o-~ o



Ō´shū



oshiego n ᩅ࠻Ꮔ a student (of a



teacher’s) oshiemásu, oshieru v ᩅ࠻ࡱࡌ, ᩅ࠻ ࡾ teaches, shows, tells, informs oshíi adj ᝨࡊ࠷ 1. regrettable 2. precious ōshii adj 㞕ࠍࡊ࠷ manly, manful,



brave, strong (not feminine or sissy) oshi-ire n ᢪࡊථࡿ (traditional Japanese) closet, cupboard o-shimai n ࠽ࡊࡱ࠷ the end (baby talk) (= owari ⤂ࢂࡽ) oshimásu, osu v ᢪࡊࡱࡌ, ᢪࡌ pushes, presses (on) oshíme n ࠽ࡊࡴ diapers ōshin n ᙸタ house call yakimásu ࠽⟿௒ࢅ↕ࡀࡱࡌ o-shinko n ࠽ࡊࢆࡆ࣬࠽᩺㤮 radmeddles; ~ (na) ࠽⟿௒࡝ ish (etc.) pickles oshiroi n ࠽ࡊࢀ࠷࣬Ⓣ⢂ face meddlesome osen n ỗ᯹ [BOOKISH] contamina- powder oshitsukémásu, oshitsukéru v ᢪࡊ௛ tion, pollution ōsen n ᚺᡋ fighting back ࡄࡱࡌ, ᢪࡊ௛ࡄࡾ pushes, o-sewa-sama ࠽ୠヨᵕ (thank you presses; intrudes oshiuri n ᢪࡊ኉ࡽ 1. high-pressure for) your help/attention osháberi n ࠽ࡊࡶ࡬ࡽ chatter-box, selling: shinsetsu no ~ のวࡡᢪ ࡊ኉ࡽ unwelcome kindness 2. a gossip osháburi n ࠽ࡊࡶࡩࡽ teething high-pressure salesman oshí-zushi n ᢪࡊ㩟 sushi rice and ring, pacifier osháre n ࠽ࡊࡶࡿ࣬࠽὏ⴘ marinated fish pressed in squardandy: ~ na hito ࠽ࡊࡶࡿ࡝ெ ish molds (Osaka style) ōshoku jinshu n 㯜Ⰵெ⛸ Asians, fancy dresser Mongoloid oshi n ࠽ࡊ࣬၇ a (deaf-)mute o-shíbori n ࠽ࡊ࡯ࡽ damp hand- oshō (-san) n ࿰ᑠࡈࢆ Buddhist towel priest oshie n ᩅ࠻ instruction, teachŌ´shū n Ḛᕗ Europe (= Yøróppa ࣭ࣙࣞࢴࣂ ) ing(s) 213



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osoi



osoi adj 㐔࠷ late; slow osóimásu, osou v ぇ࠷ࡱࡌ, ぇ࠹



Austrian o-suwari interj ࠽ᗑࡽ Sit! (train-



attacks, assaults; strikes, hits



ing one’s dog)



osokare hayakare adv 㐔࠾ࡿ᪡࠾ࡿ otafukukaze n ࠽ࡒࡨࡂ㢴㑟 mumps o-tagai (no) adj ࠽ப࠷ࡡ mutual, sooner or later osoku adv 㐔ࡂ late; slow: osóku- reciprocal: ~ (ni) ࠽ப࠷࡞ tomo 㐔ࡂ࡛ࡵ at the latest mutually, reciprocally o-sómatsu-sama interj ࠽⢊ᮆࡈࡱ otamajakushi n ࢛ࢰ࣏ࢩࣔࢠࢨ



Please excuse the poor fare



tadpole



(reply to gochisø-sama ࡇࡔࡐ࠹ o-taku n ࠽Ꮹ [INFORMAL] your ࡈࡱ) house; you; o-taku no pron ࠽Ꮹ osóraku adv ࠽ࡐࡼࡂ࣬ᜅࡼࡂ ࡡ your, yours ó-te interj ࠽ᡥ Give me your probably, maybe, possibly osoré n ᜅࡿ fear paw! Shake hands! (training osóreirimásu v ᜅࡿථࡽࡱࡌ 1. one’s dog) o-teage n ࠽ᡥ୕ࡅ giving up excuse me 2. thank you osoremásu, osoréru v ᜅࡿࡱࡌ, ᜅ o-teárai n ࠽ᡥὑ࠷ washroom, ࡿࡾ fears toilet, restroom osoroshíi adj ᜅࢀࡊ࠷ fearful, o-témae n ࠽ᡥ๑ prowess, skill, dreadful, awful, terrible, horrible ability osoróshiku adv ᜅࢀࡊࡂ terribly osowarimásu, osowaru v ᩅࢂࡽࡱࡌ, ᩅࢂࡾ is taught, studies, learns osshaimásu, ossháru v ࠽ࡖࡊࡶ࠷ ࡱࡌ, ࠽ࡖࡊࡶࡾ (someone



honored) says; is called osú n 㞕࢛࣬ࢪ male animal; … no ~ …ࡡ㞕 a he-… (→ o-ushi 㞕∭) osui n ỗỀ sewage osui-dame n ỗỀ‸ࡴ cesspool ōsuji n ኬ➵ outline Ōsutorária n ࢛࣭ࢪࢹࣚࣛ࢓ Australia; Ōsutorariá-jin n ࢛࣭ࢪ ࢹࣚࣛ࢓ெ an Australian Ōsutoria n ࢛࣭ࢪࢹࣛ࢓ Austria; Ōsutoriá-jin n ࢛࣭ࢪࢹࣛ࢓ெ an



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o-tenba n ࠽㌷ፚ tomboy o-ténto-sama n ࠽࡙ࢆ࡛ࡈࡱ࣬࠽ ኮ㐠ࡈࡱ the sun (= táiyø ኯ㝟) otétsudai (-san) n ࠽ᡥఎ࠷ࡈࢆ



maid(-servant), (household) helper otó n 㡚 sound, noise: ~ ga shimásu 㡚࠿ࡊࡱࡌ it makes a noise, there is a noise ōtō n ᚺ➽ reply, response, answer; shitsugi-ōtō n ㈹␪ᚺ➽ questions and answers ōtóbai n ࢛࣭ࢹࣁ࢕ motorcycle otokó n ⏠ = ~ no hitó/katá ⏠ࡡ ெ᪁ man, male, boy; ~ no kyø´dai ⏠ࡡඕᘭ brother(s); otoko-gokoro n ⏠ᚨ man’s heart; 214



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otoko-mono n ⏠∸ menswear; otokó-no-ko n ⏠ࡡᏄ boy (= danshi ⏠Ꮔ); otoko-yámome n ⏠ࡷࡵࡴ widower; otoko-yu n ⏠… men’s



(section of the) bath ōtokuchū´ru n ࢛࣭ࢹࢠࢲ࣭ࣖࣜ



haute couture, high fashion



oyá



otótoshi n ࠽࡛࡛ࡊ࣬ୌᫎᖳ year



before last ōtotsu n ࠽࠹࡛ࡗ࣬ผป unevenness, bump (= dekoboko ࡚ࡆ࡯ ࡆ㹺ปผ) O-tsukare-sama (déshita) interj ࠽␺ ࡿᵕ࡚ࡊࡒ . You did good



o-tokui (-san) n ࠽ᚋណࡈࢆ good



work (today, at the end of a customer(s), regular customer(s) project, etc.); You must be otome n ஍ዥ 1. (young) girl, lady weary (tired, exhausted). (→ 2. maiden, virgin: urawakaki ~ Go-kúrø-sama (deshita). ࡇⱖຘ ᵕ࡚ࡊࡒ .) [BOOKISH] ࠹ࡼⱕࡀ஍ዥ young otsu (na) adj ࠽ࡗ>஍@࡝ chic, maiden o-tómo shimásu (suru) v ࠽ఔࡊࡱࡌ stylish ࡌࡾ (I will) accompany (you) otto n ኰ (my) husband otona n ኬெ࣬࠽࡛࡝ adult ototta adj ຋ࡖࡒ is inferior, otonashíi adj ࠽࡛࡝ࡊ࠷ gentle, worse, weak, poor (= otoru ຋ࡾ) o-ushi n 㞕∭ bull, ox well-behaved otonáshiku adv ࠽࡛࡝ࡊࡂ gently o-úsu n ࠽⷟ light green tea (teaotori n ࠽࡛ࡽ࣬ᅎ decoy; lure ceremony) (= usu-cha ⷟Ⲍ) otoroemásu, otoróéru v ⾮࠻ࡱࡌ, ⾮ o-wakare n ࠽ืࡿ parting, farewell ࠻ࡾ declines, fades, grows weak (= wakaré ืࡿ otóru adj ຋ࡾ is inferior, worse, owaremásu, owareru v ㏛ࢂࡿࡱࡌ, ㏛ࢂࡿࡾ gets chased weak, poor (= ototta ຋ࡖࡒ otoshi-dama n ࠽ᖳ⋚ money given owari n ⤂ࢂࡽ the end: ~ no … ⤂ࢂࡽࡡ… the last, final; ~ no as a New Year’s gift otoshimásu, otósu v ⴘ࡛ࡊࡱࡌ, ⴘ nai ⤂ࢂࡽࡡ࡝࠷ endless ࡛ࡌ drops; omits owarimásu, owaru v ⤂ࢂࡽࡱࡌ, ⤂ otoshimono n ⴘ࡛ࡊ∸ lost, dropped ࢂࡾ it ends; ends it oyá n の parent; oya-baka n のࡣ࠾ things otoshi-támago n ⴘ࡛ࡊ༵ poached >㤷㮭@ doting parent(s); oya-fukō eggs n の୘ᖶ unfilial behavior, otōtó n ᘭ younger brother: otøto- unfilial child; oya-go-san n のᚒ san ᘭࡈࢆ (your/someone else’s) ࡈࢆ (your/someone else’s) younger brother parent (= goryøshin ࡇ୦の); ototói n ࠽࡛࡛࠷࣬ୌᫎ᪝ day oya-ji n の∏ (familiar, usually before yesterday male) (= (o-)tø´-san ࠽∏ࡈࢆ࣬ 215



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Oya



࠽࡛࠹ࡈࢆ) my father: oyaji-san の∏ࡈࢆ (your/someone else’s) father; óya-ko n のᏄ parent and child; oya-kōkō n のᏏ⾔ filial



ōyō n ᚺ⏕ application, putting



to use ōyō (na) adj 㮒ᥥ࡝ easygoing: ~ na taido 㮒ᥥ࡝ឺᗐ generous



piety (honoring one’s parents);



attitude



oya-moto n のඔ (one’s) parent’s home; oya-shirazu n の▩ࡼࡍ



óyobi prep ࠽ࡻࡦ and (also) (= to ࡛) oyobimásu, oyobu v ࠽ࡻࡦࡱࡌ, ࠽ wisdom tooth Oya interj ࠽ࡷ Gee whiz! I say! ࡻࡩ reaches, extends to, equals How (a)bout that!; Oya må! ࠽ࡷ oyogí n ὃࡁ swimming ࡱ࠵ good heavens; óyaoya interj oyogimásu, oyógu v ὃࡁࡱࡌ, ὃࡃ ࠽ࡷ࠽ࡷ Dear dear!, Oh dear. swims óyá-bun n のฦ boss, ringleader, oyoso (no) adj ࠽ࡻࡐࡡ about,



chief



roughly



ōyake (no/ni) adj, adv පࡡ࡞



ōzáppa (na) adj ࠽࠽ࡉࡖࡤ࡝



public(ly), open(ly), official(ly)



rough



óyáma n ࠽ࡷࡱ࣬ዥᙟ female impersonator (of Kabuki) (= onnagata ዥᙟ) ō´ya (-san) n ኬᐓࡈࢆ landlord O-yasumi nasái interj ࠽ࡷࡌࡲ࡝ ࡈ࠷. Good night. o-yátsu n ࠽ࡷࡗ snacks, sweets (for mid-afternoon) (→ sánji no oyatsu ୔᫤ࡡ࠽ࡷࡗ) oya-yubi n のᣞ thumb



ōzéi n ኬເ large crowd, throng: ~ de ኬເ࡚ in large numbers (= takusan (no) ࡒࡂࡈࢆࡡ ); ōzéi no adj ኬເࡡ many ō´-zeki n ኬ㛭 champion sumo



wrestler o-zon n ࢛ࢯࣤ ozone ō-zume n ኬョࡴ ending: ~ o mukaemásu ኬョࡴࢅ㎼࠻ࡱࡌ is/



will be in the final stage/phase



P pachinko n ࣂࢲࣤࢤ pinball (machine): ~-ya ࣂࢲࣤࢤᒁ



páipu n ࣂ࢕ࣈ pipe; cigarette holder pairótto n ࣂ࢕ࣞࢴࢹ pilot pachinko parlor pajama n ࣂࢩ࣏ࣔ pajamas pái n ࣂ࢕ pie (= nemaki ᐱᕬࡀ) pái n ࣂ࢕࣬ࡤ࠷࣬∡ a mahjong pākingu n ࣂ࣭࢞ࣤࢡ parking tile (= chüsha-jø 㥌㌬ሔ) paináppuru n ࣂ࢕ࢻࢴࣈࣜ pineapple pakkēji n ࣂࢴࢢ࣭ࢩ package



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péten



…-paku suffix …泊: ip-paku 一泊 paso-kon n パソコン personal



one night’s lodging/stay →



computer



…-haku …泊 pāma n パーマ permanent wave pán n パン bread: shoku-~ 食パ ン loaf of bread, sandwich loaf: ~-këki パンケーキ pancake; pankó n パン粉 ① bread crumbs ② bread flour; pan-kúzu n パンくず (bread) crumbs; pán-ya n パン屋 ① bakeshop, bakery ② baker pánda n パンダ panda pánfu (rétto) n パンフ(レット)



pamphlet, brochure



pásu n パス pass(ing); ~ shimásu パスします passes (an exam) (= gøkaku shimásu 合格します) pasupō´to n パスポート passport patā´n n パターン pattern pā´tii n パーティー party: hømu-~ ホームパーティ house party patokā n パトカー patrol car,



police car pātonā n パートナー partner patoron n パトロン patron pāto(taimu) n パート(タイム) part-



pánikku n パニック panic; panikuru time work v パニくる [INFORMAL] gets pázuru n パズル puzzle: jigusø-~ panicky ジグソーパズル jigsaw puzzle panku n パンク puncture, blowout: pedaru n ペダル pedal: jidensha/ taiya ga ~ shimásu タイヤがパン jitensha no ~ 自転車のペダル bicycle pedal クします gets a flat tire pánku n パンク punk: ~ rokku pēji n ページ・頁 page パンクロック punk rock, punk Pékin n ペキン・北京 Beijing music pén n ペン pen pansuto n パンスト panty hose …-pén suffix …遍 = …-hén …遍 pántaron n パンタロン (women’s) (counts times) slacks, pantaloons pénchi n ペンチ pliers, pincers pántii n パンティー underwear for péndanto n ペンダント pendant ladies (panties) penki n ペンキ paint; (… ni) ~ o pántsu n パンツ underwear nurimásu (…に)ペンキを塗り (underpants); slacks, pants ます paints; penki-ya n ペンキ屋 painter (housepainter) papa n パパ (baby talk) daddy, dad (= (o-)tø-chan (お)父ちゃん) pénshon n ペンション pension parashūto n パラシュート parachute (small hotel, lodge, inn, etc.) Pári n パリ Paris perapera adj, adv ぺらぺら・ペラ paripari (no) adj ぱりぱり(の) crisp; ペラ fluent(ly) (= ryüchø 流暢) first-rate péten n ペテン fraud (= sagi 詐欺, pāsénto n パーセント percent ikasama いかさま): ~-shi ペテン



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pétto



ン師 swindler (= sagi-shi 詐欺師, ikasama-shi いかさま師) pétto n ペット pet piano n ピアノ piano: gurando-~ グランドピアノ grand piano píiman n ピーマン green bell pepper: aka-~ 赤ピーマン red



bell pepper



póndo n ポンド pound (weight or



money) pónpu n ポンプ pump pónsu, ponzú n ポン酢 juice of



bitter orange poppukōn n ポップコーン popcorn poppusu n ポップス pops, popular



music



piínát(t)su n ピーナ(ッ)ツ



pori(-) n, prefix ポリ poly(ethylene); plastic; pori-búkuro n ポリ袋



peanut(s) pikápika (no) adj ピカピカ(の)



(plastic) bag



póruno n ポルノ pornography; ~-éiga ポルノ映画 a porno film pósuto n ポスト mail box pō´tā n ポーター porter ~ ni ochiirimásu ピンチに陥りま potā´ju n ポタージュ potage, thick Western soup す gets in a pinch pínku adj ピンク pink: ~-iro ピン pótéto n ポテト potato ク色 pink color (= momo-iro 桃色) pótto n ポット pot pinsétto n ピンセット tweezers púragu n プラグ (electric) outlet, plug pin (to) adv ぴん(と) (stretched) taut: ~ to kimásu ぴんと来ます púran n プラン plan: ~ o tatemásu hits home with one, comes home プランを立てます makes a plan to one, appeals to one puranetariúmu n プラネタリウム planetarium pinto n ピント focus (= shøten 焦点); pin-boke n ピンぼけ outpurásuchíkku n プラスチック



flashing, glittering píkuníkku n ピクニック picnic pín n ピン pin (for hair) pínchi n ピンチ pinch (= kiki 危機):



of-focus



plastic(s)



piramíddo n ピラミッド pyramid puratto-hōmu n プラットホーム pisutoru n ピストル revolver, pistol (station) platform pittári adv ぴったり exactly, purehabu-jūtaku n プレハブ住宅



perfectly, closely; just right píza n ピザ pizza póchi, pótsu n ぽち, ぽつ a dot pokétto n ポケット pocket pomā´do n ポマード pomade, hair



oil ponbiki n ぽん引き a pimp



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prefabricated house purei-gáido n プレイガイド a “Play



Guide” theater ticket agency purézento n プレゼント present, gift púrín n プリン a small custard;



crème brülée puríntā n プリンター printer



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ranbō



purinto n ࣈࣛࣤࢹ printing,



purogúramu n ࣈࣞࢡ࣑ࣚ program puro-resu n ࣈࣞࣝࢪ professional



printout, printed matter (= insatsú ༰ใ); purinto auto n ࣈࣛ ࣤࢹ࢓ࢗࢹ printing, printout (= insatsú-butsu ༰ใ∸) púro n ࣈࣞ pro(-fessional) purogurámā n ࣈࣞࢡ࣏࣭ࣚ



wrestling pū´ru n ࣈ࣭ࣜ 1. swimming pool 2. motor pool, parking lot pusshúhon n ࣈࢴࢨࣖ࣌ࣤ touch-



tone telephone



programmer



R …´-ra suffix …ࡼ and others (= nado ࡝࡜㹺➴); all of rabel n ࣚ࣊ࣜ label rábo n ࣚ࣍ lab (= laboratory) rágubii n ࣚࢡࣄ࣭ rugby rai-… prefix ᮮ 1. next 2. coming; rái-getsu n, adv ᮮ᭮ next month; rai-nen n, adv ᮮᖳ next year; raise n ᮮୠ afterlife, next life; raishū n, adv ᮮ㐄 next week; raikyaku n ᮮᐂ guest, caller, visitor,



company



(in a test)



raibaru n ࣚ࢕ࣁࣜ rival raifurú-jū n ࣚ࢕ࣆࣜ㖘 rifle ráimu n ࣚ࢕࣑ lime (fruit) raion n ࣚ࢕࢛ࣤ lion ráisensu n ࣚ࢕ࢬࣤࢪ license,



rakuen n ᴞᅧ paradise: chijø no ~ ᆀ୕ࡡᴞᅧ earthly paradise rakugo n ⴘㄊ (traditional



Japanese) comic storytelling: ~-ka ⴘㄊᐓ a comic storyteller rā´men n ࣭࣒ࣚࣤ Chinese noodles



permit ráisu n ࣚ࢕ࢪ rice (served on plate) raitā n ࣚ࢕ࢰ࣭ 1. lighter (cigarette) 2. writer (professional) ráiu n 㞶㞭 [BOOKISH] thunder-



storm rajiē´tā n ࣚࢩ࢙࣭ࢰ࣭ radiator



(car)



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rájio n ࣚࢩ࢛ radio: ~-bangumi ࣚࢩ࢛␊⤄ radio program rakétto n ࣚࢢࢴࢹ racket rakkan n ᴞび optimism; rakkan-teki (na) adj ᴞびⓏ࡝ optimistic rakú adj ᴞ 1. comfort (= anraku Ꮽᴞ); rakú (na) adj ᴞ࡝ comfortable; 2. easy (= kantan ⠾༟, yasashii ࡷࡈࡊ࠷>᪾ࡊ࠷@) rakuda n ࣚࢠࢱ camel rakudai n ⴘ➠ [BOOKISH] failure



(in broth) ramune n ࣑ࣚࢾ lemon soda rán n ࣚࣤ࣬⹊ orchid rán n ḅ column, field: nyüryoku -~ ථງḅ entry field rán n ஗ disturbance; war ranbō n ஗ᬸ violence, outrage;



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ránchi



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



ranbō (na) adj ஗ᬸ࡝ violent, zero o’clock, twelve o’clock wild, rough, disorderly réi n ౚ: zen~ ๑ౚ precedent; ránchi n ࣚࣤࢲ 1. lunch 2. launch ichi-~ ୌౚ example; ~ no … ౚ ࡡ… the… in question, the said (boat); ranchi-sā´bisu n ࣚࣤࢲࢦ ࣭ࣄࢪ special lunch, a luncheon … ; the usual/customary …; reigai n ౚአ exception (to the rule) special randóseru n ࣚࣤࢺࢬࣜ knapsack reibō n ෫ᡛ air conditioning for elementary school children reinkō´to n ࣝ࢕ࣤࢤ࣭ࢹ raincoat ranma n ࡼࢆࡱ࣬ḅ㛣 transom reisei (na) adj ෫㟴࡝ calm, window cool, composed ranningu n ࣚࣤࢼࣤࢡ running reishō n ෫➏ sneer, scoff ránpu n ࣚࣤࣈ 1. lamp 2. ramp reitō n ෫෼ freezing: ~-ko ෫෼ᗔ rappa n ࣚࢴࣂ trumpet, bugle freezer; reitō-shokuhin n ෫෼㣏ဗ … rashíi suffix, adj …ࡼࡊ࠷ frozen food (seems) like, apparent, seems to be reizō´ko n ෫ⶮᗔ refrigerator, rashinban n ⨮㔢┑ compass (for icebox réjā n ࣝࢩ࣭ࣔ leisure, recreation: directions) rasshu-áwā n ࣚࢴࢨࣖ࢓࣭࣠ rush ~-shisetsu ࣝࢩ࣭ࣔ᪃シ leisure hour facilities ratai (no) adj ⿼మࡡ nude (= réji n ࣝࢩ cashier; checkout counter nüdo (no) ࢽ࣭ࢺࡡ ): ~-ga ⿼ rekishi n Ṍྍ history: ~-teki (na) మ⏤ a nude (picture) ṌྍⓏ࡝ historical; rekishi-ka n Raten-go n ࣚࢷࣤㄊ Latin (lanṌྍᐓ historian rékkā n ࣝࢴ࣭࢜, ~´-sha ࣝࢴ࣭࢜ guage) réa n ࣝ࢓ rare (beef) ㌬ wrecker (tow truck) rébā n ࣝࣁ࣭ 1. liver (to eat) rekō´do n ࣝࢤ࣭ࢺ a record (pho2. lever nograph) régyurā n ࣭ࣝ࢟ࣖࣚ regular rekuriē´shon n ࣝࢠ࢙࣭ࣛࢨࣘࣤ rei n ♡ 1. thanks, gift 2. remurecreation neration, reward, fee (= sharei rémon n ࣓ࣝࣤ lemon; ~tii ࣓ࣝࣤ ㅨ♡); rei-kin n ♡㔘 “thank-you ࢷ࢔࣭ tea with a slice of lemon ren’ai n ᜂយ love: ~-kánkei ᜂយ money” (to obtain rental) réi n ♡ 1. greeting 2. bow (= o-jigi 㛭౿ a love affair; ~-kékkon ᜂ ࠽㎙ൢ); rei-gí n ♡ൢ courtesy, យ⤎፡ a love marriage etiquette; ~-tadashíi ♡ൢḿࡊ࠷ rénchi n ࣝࣤࢲ wrench renchū, renjū n ㏻୯ gang, crowd, polite; rei-hai n ♡ᣇ worship réi n 㞵࣬ zero; réi-ji n 㞵᫤࣬᫤ clique 220



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rín



rénga n ࣝࣤ࢝࣬↚⎨ brick rengō n ㏻ྙ union, alliance, Allied; ~´-koku ㏻ྙᅗ the Allies rénji n ࣝࣤࢩ cooking stove, kitchen range; denshi-~ 㞹Ꮔࣝ ࣤࢩ microwave oven renmei n ㏻┍ union, federation rennyū n ⦆஘ condensed milk renraku n ㏻⤙ connection, liaison; relevance; renraku-saki n ㏻⤙඙



address of contact renshū n ⦆⩞ training, practice,



drill



résutoran n ࣝࢪࢹࣚࣤ restaurant: famirii-~ ࣆ࢒࣐࣭ࣛࣝࢪࢹࣚࣤ



family restaurant rétasu n ࣝࢰࢪ lettuce rétsu n า row, line; queue retteru n ࣝࢴࢷࣜ label rettō n าᓞ, …-réttø …าᓞ



archipelago, chain of islands rí n ฺ advantage, profit, interest ríbon n ࣛ࣍ࣤ ribbon: ~-musubi ࣛ࣍ࣤ⤎ࡦ ribbon-tie ríeki n ฺ─ benefit, advantage,



profit



rentákā´ n ࣝࣤࢰ࣭࢜ rental car rentogen n ࣝࣤࢹࢣࣤ, ~-sen ࣝ ࣤࢹࢣࣤ⥲ X-ray renzoku n ㏻⤾ continuity; series: ~ terebi dorama ㏻⤾ࢷࣝࣄࢺࣚ ࣏ serial TV drama rénzu n ࣝࣤࢫ lens; kontakuto-~ ࢤࣤࢰࢠࢹࣝࣤࢫ contact lens repō´to n ࣭ࣝ࣎ࢹ report rē´sā n ࣭ࣝࢦ࣭ racing driver resépushon n ࣝࢬࣈࢨࣘࣤ a



rihabiri n ࣛࣀࣄࣛ rehabilitation: ~-chiryø ࣛࣀࣄࣛ἖⒢ rehabili-



tation treatment



rihā´saru n ࣛࣀ࣭ࢦࣜ rehearsal rihatsu n ⌦㧝 haircut(ting); rihátsúten n ⌦㧝ᗉ barbershop riídā n ࣭ࣛࢱ࣭ leader ríka n ⌦⛁ science ríkai n ⌦ゆ [BOOKISH] understanding, comprehension; rikái-ryoku n ⌦ゆງ comprehension (ability) rikon n 㞫፡ divorce reception reshiíto n ࣝࢨ࣭ࢹ receipt rikō (na) adj ฺཾ࡝ clever, ressha n า㌬ a train; ~-jíko า㌬ sharp, smart, intelligent: ~ ni ஥ᨶ train accident/wreck adv ฺཾ࡞ cleverly réssun n ࣝࢴࢪࣤ lesson: piano riku (chi) n 㝛ᆀ land, dry land (no) ~ ࣅ࢓ࢿࡡ ࣝࢴࢪࣤ piano rikúgun n 㝛㌯ army rikutsu n ⌦ᑿ reason, argument: lesson rē´su n ࣭ࣝࢪ 1. lace: ~ no kåten he-~ ࡫⌦ᑿ quibble [IN NEGATIVE ࣭ࣝࢪࡡ࣭࢜ࢷࣤ lace curtain SENSE] 2. race: ~-jø ࣭ࣝࢪሔ racetracks rimokon n ࣓ࣛࢤࣤ remote conresukyū-tai n ࣝࢪ࣭࢞ࣖ㝪 rescue trol: terebi no ~ ࢷࣝࣄࡡ࣓ࣛࢤ ࣤ TV remote control team (= kyüjo-tai ᨾຐ㝪) résuringu n ࣝࢪࣛࣤࢡ wrestling rín n ࢪࢫ࣬㕝 a bell, a doorbell



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ringo



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



(= beru ࣊ࣜ); suzu-mushi n ࢪࢫ ࣑ࢨ࣬㕝⹰ bell cricket ringo n ࣛࣤࢥ apple rinji (no) adj ⮣᫤ࡡ [BOOKISH]



riyō n ฺ⏕ use, utilization riyū n ⌦⏜ reason, cause, grounds; … to iu ~ de … ࡛࠷࠹ ⌦⏜࡚ for the reason that … extraordinary, special; temporary: rizaya n ฺࡉࡷ margin ~-nyüsu ⮣᫤ࢼ࣭ࣖࢪ irregular/ rízumu n ࣛࢫ࣑ rhythm special news: ~ no shigoto ⮣᫤ ro n ⅌ furnace ࡡ௘஥ temporary work … ro (yo) interj …ࢀࡻ [eastern rínki-ōhen (ni) adv ⮣ᶭᚺን࡞ Japan] = … yo …ࡻ (IMPERATIVE depending on the time and of …i- …࠷ and … e- …࠻ verb



situation, on a case-by-case basis: stems) ~ ni taiøshimásu ⮣ᶭᚺን࡞ᑊᚺ rō-… prefix ⩹… old (not young); ࡊࡱࡌ responds flexibly rō-jin n ⩹ெ old person; rō-nen n rinneru n ࣛࣤࢾࣜ linen ⩹ᖳ old age rínri n ೒⌦ ethics: kigyø-~ ௺ᴏ೒ rō´ n ࢀ࠹࣬⻵ wax; beeswax róba n ࣞࣁ donkey ⌦ corporate ethics rippa (na) adj ❟Ὤ࡝ splendid, róbii n ࣞࣄ࣭ lobby róddo n ࣞࢴࢺ rod (curtain, etc.) admirable, excellent, great rireki n ᒓṌ a history, a record, rōdō n ຘ഼ labor; ~´-sha ຘ഼⩽ ~-sho ᒓṌ᭡ one’s personal his- worker, laborer rōdo-shō´ n ࣭ࣞࢺࢨ࣭ࣘ roadtory, career summary ririku n 㞫㝛 take-off (plane) show attraction, first-run movie ríron n ⌦ㄵ theory rōgoku n ∴⊱ jail ríshi n ฺᏄ interest (on money) rōhi n ᾁ㈕ [BOOKISH] extravagance risō n ⌦᝷ an ideal: ~-teki (na) ⌦ róji n ㊨ᆀ alley rōka n ᗧୖ passage(way), corridor ᝷Ⓩ࡝ ideal risoku n ฺ᜝ interest (on money) rō´karu (na) adj ࣭ࣞ࢜ࣜ࡝ local rokétto n ࣞࢢࢴࢹ rocket (= rishi ฺᏄ) rísu n ࣛࢪ squirrel rok-k… prefix ඵ࣬6 six; rok-kái rísuto n ࣛࢪࢹ list n ඵᅂ six times; rók-kai n ඵ㝭 rítsu n ⋙ 1. rate, proportion; sixth floor, six stories; rók-ko n ඵ಴ six pieces (small objects) average 2. a cut, a percentage rittai n ❟మ solid; 3-D: ~-kyø ❟ rókkā n ࣞࢴ࣭࢜ locker మ㙶 stereoscope: ~-chüshajø ❟ rókku n ࣞࢴࢠ rock, rock’n’roll మ㥌㌬ሔ multi-story parking (music) rokú- n ඵ࣬6 six; roku-banme (no) garage rittoru n ࣛࢴࢹࣜ liter(s) adj ඵ␊┘ࡡ sixth; rokú-dai n 222



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ඵྋ six (machines, vehicles); rokú-dó n ඵᗐ six times (= rok-kái ඵᅂ); rokú-mai n ඵᯓ six sheets (flat things); rokú-mei n ඵྞ six people (= rokú-nin ඵெ); rokúsatsú n ඵ෇ six copies (books,



magazines) rokuga n 㘋⏤ recording (video) Roku-gatsú n ඵ᭮࣬6᭮ June rokuon n 㘋㡚 recording (sound) rokuro n ࢀࡂࢀ potter’s wheel Rō´ma n ࣭࣏ࣞ Rome rōmá-ji n ࣭࣏ࣞᏊ romanization,



rúsu (no)



rō´rā n ࣭࣭ࣞࣚ roller; ~ sukë´to ࣭࣭ࣞࣚࢪࢢ࣭ࢹ roller-skates/



skating rōru-pan n ࣭ࣞࣜࣂࣤ roll: batårø´ru ࣁࢰ࣭࣭ࣞࣜ (butter) roll rosen n ㊨⥲ (bus, train) route Roshia n ࣞࢨ࢓ Russia; Roshiago ࣞࢨ࢓ㄊ Russian (language); Roshiá-jin ࣞࢨ࢓ெ a Russian rōsókú n ࢀ࠹ࡐࡂ candle rō´suto n ࣭ࣞࢪࢹ roast; ~ bíifu/ chíkin ࣭ࣞࢪࢹࣄ࣭ࣆ/ࢲ࢞ࣤ



roast beef/chicken rō´tarii n ࣭ࣞࢰ࣭ࣛ traffic circle, Latin letters rómansu n ࣏ࣞࣤࢪ romance, rotary love affair: ~-shøsetsu ࣏ࣞࣤࢪ rō´to n ࢀ࠹࡛࣬⁻ᩧ funnel ᑚㄕ romance novel …´-rui suffix …㢦 kinds, (different) rón n ㄵ argument, discussion; species of …; dō-rui n ྜྷ㢦 same treatise; theory; ron-bun n ㄵᩝ kind; shin-rui n の㢦 kindred, relatreatise; essay; gakui ~ Ꮥనㄵᩝ tive; shu-rui n ⛸㢦 kind, variety; jin-rui n ெ㢦 humankind; honyū-rui dissertation, thesis Róndon n ࣞࣤࢺࣤ London n ဳ஘㢦 mammal (class) rōnin n ᾁெ 1. an unemployed rui-… prefix 㢦 similar …; rui-ji samurai 2. a student between n 㢦జ resemblance, similarity; schools 3. a man without a job analogy; rui-(gi)go n 㢦⩇ ㄊ ron-jimásu, ron-jiru v ㄵࡋࡱࡌ, ㄵࡋ synonym ࡾ discusses, argues, debates ruiseki n ⣴✒ [BOOKISH] accumurónri n ㄵ⌦ logic; ~-teki (na) ㄵ lation: ~-kosuto ⣴✒ࢤࢪࢹ accu⌦Ⓩ࡝ logical mulated costs; ~-chi ⣴✒ೋ ronsō n ㄵண controversy, dispute, accumulation value; ~-ritsu ⣴✒ ⋙ cumulative percentage argument, debate, discussion rop-p… prefix ඵ…࣬6... six; rop- rūmu-sā´bisu n ࣭࣑ࣜࢦ࣭ࣄࢪ room service (at hotel, etc.) pai n ඵ᮴ six cupfuls; rop-pén n ඵ㐚 six times (= rok-kái ඵᅂ, rū´ru n ࣭ࣜࣜ rule rokú-dó ඵᗐ ; róp-pon n ඵᮇ six rúsu (no) adj ⏻Ꮼࡡ absent, (long objects) away from home; rusu-ban n ⏻Ꮼ rō´pu n ࣭ࣞࣈ rope ␊ caretaking/caretaker; some223



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ryaku (-go)



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



one to take care of the house in haikan-~ ᣇびᩩ admission fee one’s absence; rusu-ban-denwa n (for temple, etc.): isha-~ ័ㅨᩩ ⏻Ꮼ␊㞹ヨ answering machine consolation money, palimony ryaku (-go) n ␆ㄊ abbreviation ryōgae n ୦᭨ money exchange/ ryakushimásu, ryakúsú v ␆ࡊࡱࡌ, changing ␆ࡌ abbreviates, shortens; omits ryō´ji n 㡷஥ consul; ryōjí-kan n 㡷 ryo… prefix ᪉… travel…; ryo-kaku ஥㤃 consulate n ᪉ᐂ = ryokyaku ᪉ᐂ (traveler, ryōkai shimásu (suru) v ஡ゆࡊࡱࡌ ࡌࡾ consents, understands passenger); ryo-kan n ᪉㤃 inn (traditional); ryo-ken n ᪉ไ pass- [FORMAL] ryō´kin n ᩩ㔘 fee, charge, fare, port (= pasupøto ࣂࢪ࣭࣎ࢹ); ryo-kō n ᪉⾔ travel, trip; ryo-kōrate; ryō´kin-jo n ᩩ㔘ᡜ tollgate gaisha n ᪉⾔ఌ♣ travel agency; ryōkō n Ⰳይ good [BOOKISH]: ryo-kyaku n ᪉ᐂ traveler, paskenkø-~ ೸ᗛⰃይ good health senger (mentioned on resume/applicaryō´ n ⊗ hunting (as sport); ryō´tion, etc.): seiseki-~ ᠺ⦴Ⰳይ shi n ⊗ᖅ hunter good record/achievement (at ryō´ n ⁲ fishing (as sport); ryō´-shi school, in office, etc.): gyøseki-~ ᴏ⦴Ⰳይ good business n ⁲ᖅ fisherman ryō´ n ᐿ dormitory, boarding performance house: gakusei-~ Ꮥ⏍ᐿ student ryoku-cha n ⥫Ⲍ green tea ryō´ri n ᩩ⌦ cooking; ryōrí-nin n dormitory: dokushin-~ ≺㌗ᐿ ᩩ⌦ெ cook; ryōrí-ya n ᩩ⌦ᒁ a dormitory for singles ryō´ n 㝘 mound, mausoleum restaurant ryō´ n 㡷 territory; ryō´-chi n 㡷ᆀ ryōshiki n Ⰳㆉ good sense, territory: sen-~ ༥㡷ᆀ occupied common sense territory; ryō´-do n 㡷ᅰ territory, ryō´shin n Ⰳᚨ conscience; ~-teki (na) ⰃᚨⓏ࡝ conscientious: ~ domain ryō´ n 㔖 quantity, volume no kashaku Ⰳᚨࡡ࿟㈈ remorse ryō-… prefix ୦ … both; ryō-gawa of conscience n ୦ഁ both sides; ryō-hō´ n, adv ryū´ n ❫࣬㱗 dragon ୦᪁ both; ryō-mén n ୦㟻 both ryūchi n ⏻⨠ custody: ~-jø ⏻⨠ሔ sides/directions: ~-kopii ୦㟻ࢤ detention house ࣅ࣭ two-sided copy; ryō´-shin n ryū´chō (na) adj Ὦᬰ࡝ fluent ୦の (both) parents [FORMAL] (= [INFORMAL] perapera …´-ryō suffix …ᩩ fee, charge: ࡭ࡼ࡭ࡼ࣬࣋ࣚ࣋ࣚ) nyüjø-~ ථሔᩩ admission fee: ryūgaku n ⏻Ꮥ studying abroad; 224



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sāfin



ryūgaku-sei n ⏻Ꮥ⏍ foreign



(Okinawa, etc.): Ryükyü-rettø student(s) ⌨⌣าᓞ, Ryøkyü-shotø ⌨⌣ㅎ ryúkku, ryukkusákku n ࣛࣖࢴࢠ, ࣛ ᓞ Ryukyu Islands ࣖࢴࢠࢦࢴࢠ knapsack ryūtsū n Ὦ㏳ circulation, distriburyūkō n Ὦ⾔ popularity, vogue, tion: ~-sentå Ὦ㏳ࢬࣤࢰ࣭ fashion, trend; ryūkō (no) adj Ὦ⾔ distribution center: ~-kosuto ࡡ fashionable Ὦ㏳ࢤࢪࢹ distribution cost Ryūkyū´ n ⌨⌣ the Ryukyu ryū´zan n Ὦ⏐ miscarriage



S sa n ᕣ difference, discrepancy sā´bisu-eria n ࢦ࣭ࣄࢪ࢙ࣛ࢓ 1. ser(= sai ᕣ␏࣬ᕣ㐢, chigai 㐢࠷) vice area (tennis court, etc.) 2. …-sa suffix…ࡈ …ness (abstract coverage 3. highway service area noun formed from an adjective) saborimásu, sabóru v ࢦ࣍ࡽࡱࡌ, ࢦ sā´ interj ࡈ࠵ well; come on; let ࣍ࡾ loafs, skives (on the job); cuts



me see



class, plays hookey



saba n ࢦࣁ࣬㩾 mackerel sābā n ࢦ࣭ࣁ࣭ (computer) server sabaku n ▹₅ desert sábetsu n ᕣื discrimination; jinshu-sabetsu n ெ⛸ᕣื racial discrimination; sabetsu-yōgo n ᕣ ื⏕ㄊ discriminatory words sabí n ࡈࡦ࣬ࢦࣄ࣬㗭 rust sabimásu, sabíru v 㗭ࡦࡱࡌ, 㗭ࡦࡾ



sabotāju n ࢦ࣍ࢰ࣭ࢩࣖ sabotage saboten n ࢦ࣍ࢷࣤ cactus sābu n ࢦ࣭ࣇ serve (games) sāchi raito n ࢦ࣭ࢲࣚ࢕ࢹ



searchlight



sadamarimásu, sadamáru v ᏽࡱࡽࡱ ࡌ, ᏽࡱࡾ is settled, fixed sadamemásu, sadaméru v ᏽࡴࡱࡌ, ᏽࡴࡾ settles it, fixes it sadisuto n ࢦࢸ࢔ࢪࢹ sadist it rusts sabínai adj 㗭ࡦ࡝࠷ rustproof sadizumu n ࢦࢸ࢔ࢫ࣑ sadism sabishíi adj ᐜࡊ࠷࣬ᾷࡊ࠷ lonely sádo n ࢦࢺ 1. sadist 2. sadism sā´bisu n ࢦ࣭ࣄࢪ 1. service: ~-ryø sádō n Ⲍ㐠 tea ceremony ࢦ࣭ࣄࢪᩩ service charge, cover sádō n షິ [BOOKISH] operation charge: ~-seishin ࢦ࣭ࣄࢪ⢥♼ (of machine) spirit of good service 2. free (as sāfā n ࢦ࣭ࣆ࢒࣭ surfer, surfrider part of the service): ~-zangyø ࢦ safaia n ࢦࣆ࢒࢕࢓ sapphire ࣭ࣄࢪṟᴏ unpaid overtime 3. sāfin n ࢦ࣭ࣆ࢔ࣤ surfing, service (games) (= såbu ࢦ࣭ࣇ) surfriding



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sagaku



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



sagaku n ᕣ㢘 the difference (in



Ⰳጏ㈴ẍ a good wife and wise price), the balance mother; sai-shi n ጏᏄ wife and sagan n ▹ᒷ sandstone child(ren) sagan n ᕞᓃ left bank sái n ᕣ␏࣬ᕣ㐢 [BOOKISH] differsagarimásu, sagáru v ୖ࠿ࡽࡱࡌ, ence (= chigai 㐢࠷, sa ᕣ) ୖ࠿ࡾ it hangs down; goes down sái n ᡧ talent, ability: ta-~ na ኣ sagashimásu, sagasu v ᥀ࡊࡱࡌ, ᡧ࡝ multi-talented ᥀ࡌ looks/hunts for something/ …´-sai suffix…ṋ࣬ᡧ years someone one wants: shoku-sagashi of age: nijús-~ ஦༎ṋ>ᡧ@ = ⫃᥀ࡊ looking/hunting for a job: hátachi ஦༎ṋ࣬ࡢࡒࡔ twenty shakuya-sagashi ೇᐓ᥀ࡊ look- years old, 20 ing/hunting for a house for rent (…-)sái n … 㝷 time, occasion: sagashimásu, sagasu v ᤒࡊࡱࡌ, ᤒ kono-~ ࡆࡡ㝷 on this occasion: ࡌ searches for a missing person/ kinkyü no ~ ⥥᛬ࡡ㝷 in case of thing: maigo-sagashi ㏖Ꮔᤒࡊ emergency; sái-shite conj 㝷ࡊ࡙: … ni ~ …࡞㝷ࡊ࡙ on the occasearching for one’s lost child sagemásu, sagéru v ࡈࡅࡱࡌ࣬ୖ sion of, at the time of, when, in ࡅࡱࡌ, ࡈࡅࡾ࣬ୖࡅࡾ hangs case of sai- … prefix ්… re- (doing); saiit, lowers it, brings it down, gen n ්⌟ reappearance; sai-hakkō clears from the table sagemásu, sagéru v ᥞࡅࡱࡌ, ᥞࡅ n ්Ⓠ⾔ reissue; sai-kai n ්㛜 ࡾ carries (dangling from hand) resuming, restarting; sai-kai n ් sagí n ࢦ࢟࣬㮓 heron ఌ meeting again; sai-kákunin n sági n ノḥ࣬ࢦ࢟ fraud ්☔ヾ reconfirmation; sai-kentō sagurimásu, saguru v ᥀ࡽࡱࡌ, ᥀ n ්᳠ゞ review; sai-kō n ්⩻ ࡾ gropes reconsideration; sai-kon n ්፡ ságyō n షᴏ 1. work (commonly remarriage; sai-nyū´koku n ්ථᅗ physical labor): josetsu-~ 㝎㞯ష reentry (into the country); sai-sei ᴏ removing the snow: nø-~ ㎨ష n ්⏍ reproduction, playback: ᴏ agricultural work: ~-in షᴏဤ ~-botan ්⏍࣍ࢰࣤ play button: laborer 2. operations: ~-jikan ష ~-shi ්⏍⣤ recycled paper; saishikén n ්ム㥺 makeup exam (= ᴏ᫤㛣 working hours sáhō n షἪ manners, etiquette tsuishi (-ken) ㏛ム㥺 ) sai n ⳧ side dish (to go with sai- … prefix ᭩… the most; sai-ai (no) ᭩យࡡ one’s beloved: ~ the rice) (= okazu ࠽࠾ࡍ, fukushoku(-butsu) ๧㣏∸)) no tsuma ᭩យࡡጏ one’s dear sái n ጏ (my) wife: ryøsai kenbo wife; sai-aku (no) ᭩ᝇࡡ the 226



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saikuru



worst: ~ no jitai ᭩ᝇࡡ஥ឺ worst- ึᏻ judge; saiban-shó n ⿚ึᡜ case scenario; sái-chū n ᭩୯ midst court (= chü… ୯); sai-dai (no) adj sabun n ᕣฦ difference ᭩ኬࡡ the largest, the most, sáidā n ࢦ࢕ࢱ࣭ (fizzy lemon) the greatest: saidai-køyakusü ᭩ soda: ~-sui ࢦ࢕ࢱ࣭Ề soda water ኬප⣑ᩐ the greatest common saidan n ⚅ቨ altar divisor (GCD); sai-dai-gén (no) adj saidan n ⿚᩷ 1. judgment: ~ o ᭩ኬ㝀ࡡ maximal, maximum, kudashimásu ⿚᩷ࢅୖࡊࡱࡌ utmost; sái-go (no) adj ᭩ᚃࡡ passes judgment 2. cutting last, final: ~ no bansan ᭩ᚃࡡᬄ (paper, cloth, etc.) saido-burē´ki n ࢦ࢕ࢺࣇ࣭ࣝ࢞ 㣮 Last Supper: ~-tsüchø ᭩ᚃ ㏳∥ ultimatum (= ~-tsükoku ᭩ handbrake ᚃ㏳࿈); sai-jō (no) adj ᭩୕ࡡ sáiensu n ࢦ࢕࢙ࣤࢪ science best, highest, topmost: ~-kai ᭩ (= kagaku ⛁Ꮥ) ୕㝭 the top floor; sai-kai n ᭩ୖ saifu n ㈀ᕱ purse, wallet న last place (position, rank, etc.); saigai n ⅇᐐ disaster: shizen-~ ⮤ sai-ryō (no) adj ᭩Ⰳࡡ the best: ↓ⅇᐐ natural disaster ~ no saku ᭩Ⰳࡡ➿ the best sai-getsu n ṋ᭮ years, time policy; sai-shin (no) adj ᭩᩺ࡡ saigishin n ⊔␪ᚨ suspicion: ~ newest, up-to-date; sai-sho adv ᭩ ga tsuyoi ⊔␪ᚨ࠿ᙁ࠷ is very ิ the very beginning, the outset suspicious (= hajime ิࡴ): ~ no ᭩ิࡡ… saihō n ⿚⦥ sewing: ~-døgu ⿚⦥ 㐠ර sewing set the first …; sai-shō (no) adj ᭩ᑚ ࡡ smallest: ~-gén (-do) ᭩ᑚ saiken n ബไ bond (debenture) 㝀ᗐ the minimum (degree); saikin n ⣵Ⳟ germ: ~-gaku ⣵ⳞᏕ sai-shō (no) adj ᭩ᑛࡡ least, bacteriology saikin adv ᭩㎾ recently, lately minimal, minimum; sai-shū (no) saikóro n ࡈ࠷ࡆࢀ࣬ࢦ࢕ࢤࣞ adj ᭩⤂ࡡ final, the very end (last): ~-ban ᭩⤂∟ final dice, a die (= sai ࡈ࠷࣬㔎࣬㉇): sai(kóro) o furimásu ࢦ࢕ࢤࣞ version: ~ densha ᭩⤂㞹㌬ the ࢅᣲࡽࡱࡌ throws a dice last train (= shüden ⤂㞹); sai-tei (no) adj ᭩఩ࡡ lowest, worst, saikú n ⣵ᕝ work(manship), bottom(most); minimum; sai-zen handiwork, ware(s) n ᭩ၻ the best; one’s best/utmost saikuringu n ࢦ࢕ࢠࣛࣤࢡ cycling (= besuto ࣊ࢪࢹ) (by bicycle) saibai n ᰺ᇰ cultivation saikuru n ࢦ࢕ࢠࣜ cycle (= shüki sáiban n ⿚ึ trial; saibán-kan n ⿚ ࿔᭿) 227



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saikutsu



saikutsu n ᤿ᤸ mining, digging saimu n ബຸ [BOOKISH] debt sáin n ࢦ࢕ࣤ 1. signature (= shomei ⨣ྞ) 2. autograph 3. sign (= aizu ྙᅒ, angø ᬧྒ, kigø エྒ) sainán n ⅇ㞬 calamity, disaster: ~-yoke ⅇ㞬㝎ࡄ charm against evil; ~ ni aimásu ⅇ㞬࡞㐴࠷ࡱࡌ



തಀ≟ a reminder saiten n ⚅඼ 1. festival 2. extra-



vaganza saiten n ᤿Ⅴ rating, grading,



marking



saiwai n ᖶ࠷ 1. n happiness (= køfuku ᖶ⚗, shiawase ᖶࡎ࣬ࡊ ࠵ࢂࡎ): fukø-chü no ~ ୘ᖶ୯ࡡ ᖶ࠷ is lucky it wasn’t worse 2. adv fortunately has a disaster sáinō n ᡧ⬗ talent, ability saiyō n ᤿⏕ employment, adoption sainyū n ṋථ annual revenue (of sáizu n ࢦ࢕ࢫ size (= økisa ኬࡀࡈ) government, local public organ- sájí n ࡈࡋ࣬ࢦࢩ࣬໬ spoon (= supün ࢪࣈ࣭ࣤ); sájí-kagen n ࡈ ization, etc.) sáiren n ࢦ࢕ࣝࣤ siren (sound); ࡋ>໬@ຊ΅ ① prescription sairen-sā n ࢦ࢕ࣝࣤࢦ࣭ silencer ② allowance ③ consideration; saji o nagemásu (nageru) v ໬ࢅᢖࡅ (gun) saisan n ᤿⟤ profit: ~ ga toremásu ࡱࡌᢖࡅࡾ gives up (not to ᤿⟤࠿ཱིࡿࡱࡌ pays, is profitable literally mean, “throw a spoon”) saisan adv [BOOKISH] ්୔ many saká n ᆊ hill, slope saka-… prefix 㒿 drinking; times, repeatedly saisén n ࡈ࠷㖱࣬㉇㖱 money saka-bá n 㒿ሔ bar/pub (for drinkoffering (at a shrine); ~-bako ࡈ ing) (= izakaya ᑽ㒿ᒁ, bå ࣁ࣭, pabu ࣂࣇ); saka-ya n 㒿ᒁ liquor ࠷㖱⟵࣬㉇㖱⟵ offering box saishin (no) adj ⣵ᚨࡡ careful: shop; saka-mori n 㒿┊ࡽ drink~ chüi o hara(tte) kudasai ⣵ᚨ ing party (= enkai ᐑఌ) ࡡἸណࢅᡮࡖ࡙ ୖࡈ࠷ please sakaemásu, sakáéru v ᰜ࠻ࡱࡌ, ᰜ ࠻ࡾ thrives, flourishes, prospers pay close attention saishokú-shugi-sha n ⳧㣏୹⩇⩽ sakái n ሾ boundary, border vegetarian (= bejitarian ࣊ࢩࢰࣛ sakan (na) adj ┊ࢆ࡝ lively, ࢓ࣤ) flourishing, prosperous; saishū n ᤿㞗 collection, picking splendid, vigorous and gathering (as specimen, data, sakana n 㨮 fish; sakaná-tsuri n 㨮㔦 etc.): konchü-~ ᪳⹰᤿㞗 insect ࡽ fishing (as sport); sakana-ya n 㨮ᒁ fish dealer/market collecting saisoku n തಀ reminding someone, sakana n ⫪ 1. appetizers to go urging (= tokusoku ╡ಀ): ~-jø with drinks (= o-)tsumami ࠽ࡗ



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sakoku



ࡱࡲ) 2. interesting story to add



to the fun with drinks sakanoborimásu, sakanobóru v 㐫ࡽ ࡱࡌ࣬⁃ࡽࡱࡌ, 㐫ࡾ࣬⁃ࡾ: … ni ~ …࡞㐫ࡽ>⁃ࡽ@ࡱࡌ



goes against (the stream), goes upstream; goes back (in time) to; sore o … ni ~ ࡐࡿࢅ…࡞㐫ࡽ >⁃ࡽ@ࡱࡌ traces it back to … sakaraimásu, sakaráu v ㏣ࡼ࠷ࡱࡌ, ㏣ࡼ࠹: … ni ~ …࡞㏣ࡼ࠷ࡱࡌ defies, opposes, contradicts, acts contrary to sakari n ┊ࡽ prime: ~ no tsuita neko ┊ࡽࡡࡗ࠷ࡒ⊟ cat on heat; sakari-ba n ┊ࡽሔ downtown area (= hanka-gai ⦶⳱⾜) sakasa(ma) (no/ni) adj, adv ㏣ࡈ ࡱ ࡡ/࡞ upside down sā´kasu n ࢦ࣭࢜ࢪ circus sakazukí n ᮴ saké cup (= choko ࡔࡺࡆo-choko ࠽ࡔࡺࡆ ): füfu no ~ o kawashimásu ኰ፦ ࡡ᮴ࢅஹࢂࡊࡱࡌ exchanges



nuptial cups



ࡱࡌ, 㑂ࡄࡼࡿࡾ 1. is avoided 2. can avoid saki n, adv ඙ 1. front; future; ahead; first (ahead of others); kono ~ ࡆ ࡡ඙ ahead of here 2. point, tip 3. address, destination; saki-gake n ඙㥉ࡄ pioneer, forerunner, lead; saki-iki, sakiyuki n ඙⾔ࡀ prospect, future, outlook: sakiyuki wa akarui desu ඙⾔ࡀࡢ᪺ࡾ࠷࡚ࡌ has a bright future; saki-hodo ඙ ⛤ [BOOKISH] a little while ago (= sakki ࡈࡖࡀ) sakimásu, saku v ဋࡀࡱࡌ, ဋࡂ



blooms, blossoms sakimásu, sáku v ⿛ࡀࡱࡌ, ⿛ࡂ



splits it; tears it sakin n ▹㔘 gold dust sákka n షᐓ writer (novelist, etc.): joryü-~ ዥὮషᐓ a woman writer sákkā n ࢦࢴ࣭࢜ soccer: ~-senshu ࢦࢴ࣭࢜㐽ᡥ soccer player



(professional) sakkaku n 㘊つ illusion: me no ~ ┘ࡡ㘊つ optical illusion sákki adv ࡈࡖࡀ a little while ago



sake n 㒿o-sake ࠽㒿 1. saké (Japanese rice wine) 2. alcoholic [INFORMAL] sakkin n ṽⳞ sterilization: ~-køka drinks sáke n ࢦࢢ࣬㩤 salmon ṽⳞຝᯕ antiseptic effect sakebimásu, sakébu v ྆ࡦࡱࡌ, ྆ sákku n ࢦࢴࢠ 1. sack, case 2. → ࡩ cries out, shouts kondō´mu ࢤࣤࢺ࣭࣑ sakemásu, sakéru v 㑂ࡄࡱࡌ, 㑂ࡄ sakkusu n ࢦࢴࢠࢪ saxophone ࡾ avoids (= sakusoføn ࢦࢠࢮࣆ࢚࣭ࣤ) sakemásu, sakéru v ⿛ࡄࡱࡌ, ⿛ࡄ sakkyoku n ష᭜ music composition; ࡾ 1. it splits, it tears 2. can sakkyoku-ka n ష᭜ᐓ musical



split/tear it



composer



sakeraremásu, sakeraréru v 㑂ࡄࡼࡿ sakoku n 㙈ᅗ national isolation



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sakotsu



sakotsu n 㙈㦭 collarbone saku n ᰑ fence saku-…, saki-… prefix ᫎ last; sakú-ban n, adv ᫎᬄ [BOOKISH] last night (= kinø no yoru/ban ᫎ ᪝ࡡእᬄ); saku-jitsu n, adv ᫎ᪝ [BOOKISH] yesterday (= kinø ᫎ᪝); saku-nen n, adv ᫎᖳ [BOOKISH] last year (= kyonen ཡᖳ); sakiototói n, adv ࡈࡀ࠽࡛࡛࠷࣬ୌᫎ ࠍ᪝ [BOOKISH] three days ago (= mikka mae ୔᪝๑) sakubun n షᩝ writing a compo-



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



ku ᨯ␆); saku-shi n ➿ኃ plotter sakusen n షᡋ tactics sakusha n ష⩽ author (= chosha ⴥ⩽) sakushi n షペ writing the lyrics: ~-ka షペᐓ songwriter sakushu n ᦚཱི [BOOKISH] exploitation: ~ saremásu ᦚཱིࡈࡿࡱࡌ



be exploited sakusofōn n ࢦࢠࢮࣆ࢚࣭ࣤ saxophone (= sakkusu ࢦࢴࢠࢪ) sakusō(shita) adj 㘊⥀ࡊࡒ



complicated and intricated: sakusø-shita jøhø 㘊⥀ࡊࡒ᝗ሒ sition (a theme) sakuga n ష⏤ 1. drawing a picture entangled information 2. taking a photograph sakyū n ▹ୢ sand dune: Tottorisakyü 㫵ཱི▹ୢ Tottori sand dune sakugen n ๎΅ cut, reduction: kosuto-~ ࢤࢪࢹ๎΅ cost … (-)sama suffix …ᵕ࣬ࡈࡱ reduction; jin’in-~ ெဤ๎΅ [HONORIFIC] = … (-)san …ࡈࢆ head-count reduction Mr., Ms., Mrs., Miss sakuhin n షဗ a work (of litera- samatagemásu, samatagéru v ጄࡅࡱ ture or art): geijutsu-~ ⰹ⾙షဗ ࡌ, ጄࡅࡾ obstructs, hinders a work of art: bungaku-~ ᩝᏕష samayoimásu, samayóu v ᙰᚖ࠷ࡱ ဗ a literary work ࡌ, ᙰᚖ࠹ wanders about sakuin n ⣬ᘤ index samáza ma (na/no) adj ᵕࠍ࡝ࡡ sakui-teki adj షⅥⓏ intentional diverse, all kinds of sakumotsu n ష∸ 1. crops 2. a same n ࢦ࣒࣬㩢 shark piece of work (= sakubutsu ష∸, samemásu, saméru v つࡴࡱࡌ, つࡴ sakuhin షဗ) ࡾ wakes up, comes to one’s senses sakura n ᱔࣬ࢦࢠࣚ cherry tree: samemásu, saméru v ෫ࡴࡱࡌ, ෫ࡴ ~ no haná ᱔ࡡⰴ cherry blossoms: ࡾ gets cold, cools off ~-mochi ᱔㣨 rice cake with bean samemásu, saméru v 〛ࡴࡱࡌ, 〛ࡴ paste wrapped in a cherry leaf ࡾ it fades, loses color (Japanese cakes/sweets) samitto n ࢦ࣐ࢴࢹ summit sakuranbo n ࢦࢠࣚࣤ࣍࣬᱔ࢆᆎ࣬ (conference) ᱔᱀ cherry sá-mo nákereba conj ࡈࡵ࡝ࡄࡿࡣ saku(ryaku) n ➿␆ plot (= kørya- [BOOKISH] otherwise (= sa-mo 230



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…´-san, -´zan



nakuba ࡈࡵ࡝ࡂࡣ) samúi adj ᐨ࠷ cold (air tempera-



the year 3; san nén-kan ୔ᖳ㛣 three years; san nén-sei ୔ᖳ⏍ ture), chilly third-year student, junior; san-nín samuke n ᐨẴ chill, rigor (= okan n ୔ெ three people (= sen mei ᝇᐨ): ~ ga shimásu ᐨẴ࠿ࡊࡱ ୔ྞ); san-pai n ୔ᣇ [HUMBLE] ࡌ feels a chill bowing three times, bowing sevsamurai n ࢦ࣑ࣚ࢕࣬౜ samurai eral times; san-paku n ୔ἡ three (Japanese warrior) (= bushi Ṃኃ) night’s lodging: san-paku-yokka san n 㓗 1. acid 2. sour taste: ~-mi ୔ἡᄿ᪝ four days three nights 㓗࿝ sour taste, sour flavor (= (tour, etc.); sán-pun n ୔ฦ three suppai aji 㓗ࡖࡤ࠷࿝) minutes; sán-sai n ୔ṋ three years san(…) n, prefix ୔࣬3 three old (= mittsu ୔ࡗ); sán-satsu n ୔෇ three (books, magazines, (, tri-…); sán-ba n ୔⩒ three (birds, rabbits); san-bai adj ୔ಶ etc.); sán-sei n ୔ୠ third generatriple; sán-bai n ୔᮴ three glass- tion (of emigrant Japanese); … fuls; san-banmé n ୔␊┘ third; the Third; san-shi-… n ୔, ᄿ = sán-bén n ୔㐚 three times; sán-biki san-yo(n)-… three or four; sánshoku n ୔㣏 three meals; sán-tō n n ୔༆ three (fishes/bugs, small ୔㢄 three (horses/oxen, large animals); sán-bon n ୔ᮇ three (pencils/bottles, long objects); sán- animals); san-tō n ୔➴ third class; dó n ୔ᗐ ① three times (= san- san-yo(m/n)- n ୔, ᄿ = san-shi-… kai ୔ᅂ) ② three degrees; san-gai three or four: san yon-bai ୔, ᄿ n ୔㝭 three floors/stories; third ಶ three or four times as much: floor; san-gánichi n ୔࠿᪝ the first san yon-do ୔, ᄿᗐ 3–4 times: three days of the New Year; sán- san yon-man ୔, ᄿ୒ thirty or gen n ୔㌲ three buildings/hous- forty thousand: sanyo-nín ୔, ᄿ ெ 3–4 people: sanyo-ninmae ୔, es; sán-ji n ୔᫤ three o’clock; sán-kái n ୔ᅂ three times (= san- ᄿெ๑ 3–4 servings; sán-zoku/-soku do ୔ᗐ); san kai-mé ୔ᅂ┘ the n ୔㊂ three pairs (of footwear) third time; san-kyaku n ୔⬦ tripod sán n 㓗 acid; san-sei n 㓗ᛮ acid(stand): ninin-~ ஦ெ୔⬦ ① ity: ~sei-u 㓗ᛮ㞭 acid rain three-legged race (on field day, … (-) san …ࡈࢆ Mr., Ms., Mrs., etc.) ② cooperating with single- Miss (= … (-) sama …ᵕ࣬ࡈࡱ ness of purpose; sán-mai n ୔ᯓ …´-san, -´zan …ᒜ (name of three sheets (flat things); sán-mei certain) mountain: Fuji-san ᐣኃ ᒜ Mt. Fuji: Eberesuto (-san) ࢙ n ୔ྞ [BOOKISH] three people ࣊ࣝࢪࢹᒜ Mt. Everest (= sannín ୔ெ); san-nen n ୔ᖳ 231



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san-…



san-… prefix ᒜ mountain; sanmyaku n ᒜ⬞ mountain range: Arupusu-~ ࢓ࣜࣈࢪᒜ⬞ Alps (range); san-chō n ᒜ㡤 mountain top sanba n ࢦࣤࣁ samba sanba n ⏐ፚ midwife sanbashi n ᱖ᶣ pier sanbi n ㈮⨶ admiration, worship: ~-ka ㈮⨶ḯ hymn (= sei-ka ⪯ḯ, san-ka ㈮ḯ) sanbun n ᩋᩝ prose: ~-shi ᩋᩝモ



sangi-in n ཤ㆗㝌 House of Councilors (= san-in ཤ㝌): ~-senkyo ཤ㆗㝌㐽ᣪ House of



Councilors’ election sángo n ࢦࣤࢥ࣬⌀⍒ coral; sango-shō n ࢦࣤࢥ>⌀⍒@♃ coral



reef



sangurasu n ࢦࣤࢡࣚࢪ sunglasses sangyō n ⏐ᴏ industry: såbisu-~ ࢦ࣭ࣄࢪ⏐ᴏ service industry sánji n ㈮㎙ [BOOKISH] praise, comprose poem pliment (= home-kotoba 「ࡴ>・ sanbutsu n ⏐∸ product, produce; ࡴ@ゕⴝ): ~ o okurimásu ㈮㎙ࢅ ㏞ࡽࡱࡌ compliments fruit, outcome sánchi n ⏐ᆀ home (of a product/ sanka n ㈮ḯ [BOOKISH] hymn (= sanbi-ka ㈮⨶ḯ, sei-ka ⪯ḯ) crop) sandan-jū n ᩋᙆ㖘 shotgun sanka n ഘୖ [BOOKISH] under the sandaru n ࢦࣤࢱࣜ sandal umbrella: ~-kigyø ഘୖ௺ᴏ afsan-dii kē´ n 3DK three rooms and filiated enterprise: ~ ni hairimásu ഘୖ࡞ථࡽࡱࡌ comes under the “DK” (dining kitchen = eat-in



umbrella



kitchen) …-sándo suffix …ࢦࣤࢺ sandwich (→ sandoítchi ࢦࣤࢺ࢕ࢴࢲ): tsuna-~ ࢵࢻࢦࣤࢺ tuna-fish sandwich: tamago-~ ࢰ࣏ࢥ>༵@ ࢦࣤࢺ egg sandwich sandō n ཤ㐠 approach to a shrine; omote-~ ⾪ཤ㐠 main road to a



shrine sandō n ㈮ྜྷ approval, support sandoítchi n ࢦࣤࢺ࢕ࢴࢲ sand-



sanka n ཤຊ participation; sankásha n ཤຊ⩽ participant sánkan n ཤび [HUMBLE] one’s visiting: jugyø-~-bi ᤭ᴏཤび᪝



open school day sánkaku n ୔ぽ triangle: ~-kankei ୔ぽ㛭౿ a love triangle sankē n 3K (apartment of three



rooms plus kitchen)



sanke-zukimásu, sanke-zuku v ⏐Ẵࡘ ࡀࡱࡌ, ⏐Ẵࡘࡂ goes into labor sandopē´pā n ࢦࣤࢺ࣭࣬࣋ࣂ࣭ sankō n ཤ⩻ reference (= sanshø ཤ↯): ~-(to-)sho ཤ⩻ᅒ ᭡ sandpaper Sanfuranshísuko n ࢦࣤࣆࣚࣤࢨࢪ reference book: gakushü-sankøsho ࢤ San Francisco Ꮥ⩞ཤ⩻᭡ study-aid book Sán-gatsu n ୔᭮࣬3᭮ March sanmon n ᒜ㛓 temple gate



wich



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sāroin



sanpatsu n ᩋ㧝࣬ࡈࢆࡤࡗ haircut; sanpatsu-ya n ᩋ㧝ᒁ barber(shop) sanpo n ᩋṄ a walk, a stroll sanpuru n ࢦࣤࣈࣜ sample sanretsu n ཤา presence sanrín-sha n ୔㍧㌬ tricycle sansei n ㈮ᠺ approval, support (= sandø ㈮ྜྷ) sansei n ཤᨳ participation in government: ~-ken ཤᨳᶊ political



tray; sara-arai-ki n ⓸ὑ࠷ᶭ dishwasher sarabureddo n ࢦࣚࣇࣝࢴࢺ 1. thoroughbred 2. blue blood sárada n ࢦࣚࢱ salad sarái-… prefix ්ᮮ … after next; sarái-getsu adv ්ᮮ᭮ [BOOKISH] month after next (= nikagetsu-go ஦ࣦ᭮ᚃ); sarai-nen adv ්ᮮᖳ [BOOKISH] year after suffrage next (= ni nen-go ஦ᖳᚃ) sanshō n ࢦࣤࢨࣘࢗ࣬ᒜ᳙ sára-ni adv ᭞࡞ anew; (some) Japanese pepper (mild) more; further sanshō n ཤ↯ reference (= sankø sárarii n ࢦ࣭ࣚࣛ salary (= kyü´yo ཤ⩻) ⤝୙); sararii-man n ࢦ࣭࣏ࣚࣛࣤ sánso n 㓗⣪ oxygen: ~-masuku salaried man, company employee 㓗⣪࣏ࢪࢠ oxygen mask sarashimásu, sarasu v ᫱ࡊࡱࡌ࣬ sansū n ⟤ᩐ (elementary school) ᭒ࡊࡱࡌ, ᫱ࡌ࣬᭒ࡌ 1. exposes: arithmetic, calculation (= keisan füu ni ~ 㢴㞭࡞ࡈࡼࡊ>᫱ࡊ࣬᭒ ゛⟤), mathematics (= sügaku ࡊ@ࡱࡌ exposes it to wind and ᩐᏕ) rain 2. bleaches: nuno o ~ ᕱࢅ santora n ࢦࣤࢹࣚ sound track ࡈࡼࡊ>᫱ࡊ@ࡱࡌ bleaches saó n ࡈ࠽࣬➆࣬᳃ pole, rod cloth 3. dries under the sun: hi sapō´tā n ࢦ࣭࣎ࢰ࣭ jockstrap, ni ~ ᪝࡞ࡈࡼࡊ>᫱ࡊ@ࡱࡌ dries (athletic) supporter it in the sun 4. reveals: haji o ~ sappári adv ࡈࡖࡤࡽ [ NEGATIVE ~ ᜕ࢅࡈࡼࡊ>᫱ࡊ࣬᭒ࡊ@ࡱࡌ verb] not at all: ~ wakarimasen brings disgrace on oneself ࡈࡖࡤࡽฦ࠾ࡽࡱࡎࢆ I have no saremásu, sareru v ࡈࡿࡱࡌ, ࡈࡿ ࡾ 1. has it done to one (unwantidea. sappári-shita adj ࡈࡖࡤࡽࡊࡒ edly) 2. is done; hakai ~ ◒ቪࡈ clean, fresh; frank: ~-shita aji ࡈ ࡿࡱࡌ is destroyed 3. [HONORࡖࡤࡽࡊࡒ࿝ plain taste, lightly IFIC] = nasaimásu ࡝ࡈ࠷ࡱࡌ seasoned (food) sarimásu, sáru v ཡࡽࡱࡌ, ཡࡾ sappūkei na adj ṽ㢴ᬊ࡝ (looks) leaves, goes away; removes it bare, bleak: ~ niwa ṽ㢴ᬊ࡝ᗖ a sāroin n ࢦ࣭ࣞ࢕ࣤ sirloin: ~-sutëki ࢦ࣭ࣞ࢕ࣤ࣬ࢪࢷ࣭࢞ bleak garden sara n ⓸ plate, dish; saucer; ashsirloin steak 233



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sáru



sáru v ཡࡾ 1. → sarimásu ཡࡽࡱ book, newspaper, magazine, etc.) ࡌ 2. [+ DATE] last …, most sashi-komi n ᕣࡊ ㎰ࡲ plug



recent, (past day) of this month



outlet (electricity outlet) (=



sáru n ࢦࣜ࣬⊯ monkey sarumata n ࢦ࣏ࣜࢰ࣬⊯⫝̸ loin-



sashikomi-guchi ᕣࡊ ㎰ࡲཾ) sashi-komimásu, sashi-komu v ᕣࡊ ㎰ࡲࡱࡌ, ᕣࡊ㎰ࡳ inserts cloth sasa n ࢦࢦ࣬➪ bamboo grass: ~ sashimásu, sásu v ᣞࡊࡱࡌ, ᣞࡌ no ha ➪ࡡⴝ bamboo leaf points to, indicates sasáé n ᨥ࠻ a support, a prop sashimásu, sásu v ᕣࡊࡱࡌ, ᕣࡌ sasaemásu, sasaeru v ᨥ࠻ࡱࡌ, ᨥ holds (umbrella) sashimásu, sásu v ๆࡊࡱࡌ, ๆࡌ ࠻ࡾ supports, props (up) sásai (na) adj ற⣵࡝ petty, tristabs, stings fling, trivial, not a big deal at all sashimí n ๆ㌗࣬ࡈࡊࡲ sliced raw fish (= torunitarinai ཱིࡾ࡞㊂ࡽ࡝ ࠷): ~ na-mondai ற⣵࡝ၡ㢗 sashitsukae n ᕣࡊᨥ࠻࣬ࡈࡊࡗ࠾ minor problem: ~ na-chigai ற⣵ ࠻ 1. hindrance, impediment 2. ࡝㐢࠷ slight difference previous appointment/engagement sasáyaka (na) adj ࡈࡈࡷ࠾࡝ sáshizu n ᣞᅒ directions, instrucsmall (-scale), petty: ~ na påtii tions, a command ࡈࡈࡷ࠾࡝ࣂ࣭ࢷ࢔ little party: sashō n ᰕチ [BOOKISH] visa (= bíza ~ na okurimono ࡈࡈࡷ࠾࡝㉏ࡽ ࣄࢧ): nyükoku-~ ථᅗᰕチ an ∸ modest gift entry visa sasayakí n ᄬࡀ a whisper, murmur: sashō n ノ⛘ [BOOKISH] false state~-goe ᄬࡀኇ whispery voice ment; nenrei-~ ᖳ㱃ノ⛘ false sasayakimásu, sasayáku v ᄬࡀࡱࡌ, statement of one’s age; mibun-~ ᄬࡂ whispers ㌗ฦノ⛘ false statement of one’s sashi-agemásu, sashi-ageru v ᕣࡊ୕ status ࡅࡱࡌ, ᕣࡊ୕ࡅࡾ [HUMBLE/ sasoi n ㄇ࠷ invitation; temptation DEFERENTIAL] presents, give (I give sasoimásu, sasou v ㄇ࠷ࡱࡌ, ㄇ࠹



you, you give them); holds up



invites; tempts



sashidegamashii adj ᕣࡊฝ࠿ࡱࡊ sásshi, sásshu n ࢦࢴࢨ, ࢦࢴࢨࣖ ࠷ officious sash (window sash) sashidéguchi n ᕣࡊฝཾ uncalled- sásshi n ෇Ꮔ brochure; shō-sasshi for remark; … no hanashí ni ~ o n ᑚ෇Ꮔ pamphlet, brochure shimásu …ࡡヨ࡞ᕣࡊฝཾࢅࡊ sas-shi n ᐳࡊconjecture, guess; ࡱࡌ interrupts perception, understanding; sashi-e n ᣼⤦ illustration (of sympathy: ~ ga tsukimásu ᐳࡊ



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sawagashíi



࠿ࡗࡀࡱࡌ perceives, guesses satori n ᜽ࡽ enlightenment (correctly); o-~ no tøri ࠽ᐳࡊࡡ satorimásu, satóru v ᜽ࡽࡱࡌ, ᜽ࡾ ㏳ࡽ as you have surmised realizes (comprehends) sas-shinásu, sas-suru v ᐳࡊࡱࡌ, satsu n ᮈ folding money, currency ᐳࡌࡾ perceives, understands; bill/note; satsu-iré n ᮈථࡿ billconjectures, guesses; sympathizes fold, wallet (= saifu ㈀ᕱ); satsutaba n ᮈᮨ a roll/wad of (cursassokú adv ᪡㏷ at once, right away, promptly, immediately: ~ rency) bills (no) ᪡㏷ࡡ immediate, prompt …-satsú suffix …෇ copy (counts sasuga adv ࡈࡌ࠿: ~ (ni) ࡈࡌ࠿ books, magazines) ࡞ as we might expect, indeed …-satsu suffix …ᮈ (currency) sasupendā n ࢦࢪ࣋ࣤࢱ࣭ susbill; hyakudorú-~ ní-mai Ⓤࢺࣜ pender 1. galluses (= zubon-tsuri ᮈ஦ᯓ two $100 bills ࢫ࣍ࣤࡗࡽ) 2. garter satsuei n ᧔ᙫ shooting a film, sasupensu n ࢦࢪ࣋ࣤࢪ suspense: filming, taking a photograph: ~-eiga ࢦࢪ࣋ࣤࢪ᫆⏤ suspense ~-jo ᧔ᙫᡜ studio (= sutajio ࢪ ࢰࢩ࢛) film sátá n ἃụ [BOOKISH] message; satsujin n ṽெ murder: ~-jiken ṽ ெ஥௲ murder case command; affair satchū-zai n ṽ⹰๠ insecticide Satsumá-age n ࡈࡗࡱ>ⷻ᦮@ᥥࡅ sá-te interj ࡈ࡙ well now/then, deep-fried fish cake Satsuma-imo n ࡈࡗࡱ>ⷻ᦮@Ⱆ࣬ and now/then, as to the matter ࢦࢵ࣏࢕࣓ sweet potato at hand satei n ᰕᏽ assessment (to decide Saujiarabia n ࢦࢗࢩ࢓ࣚࣄ࢓ the rank, salary, etc.): ~-gaku ᰕ Saudi Arabia; Saujiarabia-jin n ࢦࢗ ᏽ㢘 assessed value ࢩ࢓ࣚࣄ࢓ெ a Saudi Arabian sáten n ࢦࢷࣤ satin sauna n ࢦࢗࢻ steam bath (in sports saten n Ⲍᗉ café (= kissaten ႖ center, health spa, etc.) Ⲍᗉ) saundo n ࢦࢗࣤࢺ sound (= oto sato n 㔓 1. village 2. hometown 㡚, onkyø 㡚㡢); saundo-efekuto n ࢦࢗࣤࢺ࢙࣬ࣆ࢘ࢠࢹ sound (= furusato ࡨࡾࡈ࡛࣬ᨶ㒋, kokyø ᨶ㒋): o-sato ࠽㔓 one’s effect; saundo-sukēpu n ࢦࢗࣤࢺ origin, upbringing; sato-oya n 㔓 ࢪࢢ࣭ࣈ soundscape; saundotorakku n ࢦࢗࣤࢺ࣬ࢹࣚࢴࢠ の foster parent; sato-gaeri n 㔓 ᖉࡽ goes home (to see one’s sound track (= santora ࢦࣤࢹࣚ) sawagashíi adj 㥹࠿ࡊ࠷ boisterous, parent(s)) satō´ n ▹⢶࣬ࢦࢹࢗ sugar noisy: ~-påtii 㥹࠿ࡊ࠷ࣂ࣭ࢷ࢔



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sáwagi



noisy party: ~-basho 㥹࠿ࡊ࠷ሔ comparing heights with someᡜ noisy place one; se-naka n ⫴୯ back of body; sáwagi n 㥹ࡁ 1. clamor, noise se-nobi n ⫴ఘࡦ ① standing on (boisterous) 2. unrest, disturtiptoe ② trying to do more than bance, tumult, strife; riot (= sødø one is able to do; se-suji n ⫴➵ 㥹ິ) the muscles along the spine; sawagimásu, sawágu v 㥹ࡁࡱࡌ, 㥹 se-take n ⫴୓ height, stature: ~ ࡃ makes lots of noise, clamors o hakarimásu ⫴୓ࢅῼࡽࡱࡌ sawara n ࢦ࣠ࣚ࣬㪝 mackerel measures one’s height sawarimásu, sawaru v よࡽࡱࡌ, segare n ಯ 1. [HUMBLE] my son よࡾ touches 2. [IN rather NEGATIVE SENSE] sawáyaka (na) adj ࡈࢂࡷ࠾࡝ ࣬ child/young person ∕ࡷ࠾࡝ refreshing, bracing; sehyō n ୠビ one’s reputation (= ~ no hyøka ୠ㛣ࡡビ౮) fluent sáya n ࢦࣕ࣬Ⳋ sheath, pod: séi (-) n ᛮ nature; sex; gender; seibetsu n ᛮื gender; sei-byō n ᛮ ~-endø ࢦ࢙ࣕࣤࢺࢗ࣬ࡈࡷ࠻ ࢆ࡜࠹ podded pea: ~-ingen ࢦ ⑋ venereal disease; sei-kō n ᛮஹ ࣕ࢕ࣤࢣࣤ࣬ࡈࡷ࠷ࢆࡅࢆ [BOOKISH] (sexual) intercourse (= sékkusu ࢬࢴࢠࢪ); sei-teki (na) adj French bean sayonára, sayōnára interj ࡈࡻ࡝ࡼ, ᛮⓏ࡝ sexual ࡈࡻ࠹࡝ࡼ good-bye (= [INFOR- séi n ጞ family name, last name; MAL] baibai ࣁ࢕ࣁ࢕) séi-mei n ጞྞ (one’s) full name sáyori n ࢦࣙࣛ halfbeak (fish) (= shi-mei Ắྞ) sáyū n ᕞྎ right and left: zengo-~ sei-… prefix ⪯ sacred, holy; ๑ᚃᕞྎ left to right, back and sei-chi n ⪯ᆀ holy place; sei-bo n ⪯ẍ the Holy Mother; sei-dō n forth sázae n ࢦࢧ࢙࣬ᰜ⼲ wreath ⪯ᇸ sacred building (temple, shell, turban shell, turbo church, mosque, etc.): dai-~ ኬ sé n ⫴ 1. height, stature (= sei ࡎ ⪯ᇸ cathedral; sei-iki n ⪯ᇡ ࠷࣬⫴, se-take ⫴୓, shinchø ㌗ sanctuary; séi-ka n ⪯ḯ hymn; 㛏): ~ ga takái/hikúi ⫴࠿㧏࠷ Séi-sho n ⪯᭡ Bible (= Baiburu ఩࠷ is tall/short 2. back (of ࣁ࢕ࣇࣜ, Shin-yaku seisho ᩺⣑ body) (= senaka ⫴୯); se-biro n ⪯᭡, Kyü-yaku seisho ᪟⣑⪯᭡) ⫴ᗀ (man’s) business suit, séi-… prefix け west, western; lounge suit; se-bone n ⫴㦭 back- séi-bu n け㒂 the west, the westbone, spine; séi n ࡎ࠷࣬⫴ ern part; sei-hō n け᪁ (the) west height, stature: ~-kurabe ⫴Ẓ࡬ (general direction/area); sei-nan



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seii



n 西南 southwest; sei-reki n 西暦 生 grad(-uate) student the Western (Christian) calendar: …´-sei suffix …製 made in …, ~ …´-nen 西暦 …年 the year … made of …: nihon-~ 日本製 A.D.; Séi-yō n 西洋 the West, made in Japan (= meido in japan Europe and Americas (= øbeiメイド・イン・ジャパン): beishokoku 欧米諸国): ~-fü (no) 西 koku-~ 米国製 made in U.S.A.: 洋風(の) Western-style gaikoku-~ 外国製 foreign-made sei-… prefix 声... voice, vocal; …´-sei suffix …星 (name of certain, sei-gaku n 声楽 vocal music; sei-iki kinds of) star: waku-~ 惑星 n 声域 range of voice; sei-tai n planet: kø-~ 恒星 fixed star 声帯 vocal cords; sei-yū n 声優 séibun n 成分 ingredient, compovoice actor nent: arukøru-~ アルコール成分 alcohol component sei(-) n, prefix 生(...) life (= seimei 生命, ínochi 命); sei-katsu séibutsu n 生物 a living thing, a n 生活 life, (daily) living, liveli- creature (= ikimono 生き物); hood; nichijo-~ 日常生活 daily seibutsú-gaku n 生物学 biology; life; ~-hi 生活費 living costs; sei- seibutsu-gáku-sha n 生物学者 kei n 生計 livelihood, the way of biologist (earning) one’s living: ... to shite seibutsu n 静物 [BOOKISH] still object: ~-ga 静物画 still-life ~ o tate(tei)másu …として生計 painting を立て(てい)ます earns one’s living as ...; séi-mei n 生命 life (= seichō n 成長 growth: kodomo(ínochi 命, sei 生): ~-rinri 生命倫 tachi) no ~ 子供(たち)の成長 child(-ren)’s growth: kødo-keizai-~ 理 bioethics; séi-shi n 生死 life and death 高度経済成長 high economic growth … séi suffix…せい [IN NEGATIVE SENSE] cause, effect, influence, seidō n 青銅 bronze fault: … no ~ de …のせいで seieki n 精液 semen because of …, due to …: ... ~ ka séifu n 政府 government …せいか perhaps because of … seifuku n 制服 uniform (of school, office, etc.) …´-sei suffix …生 student: shøgaseigén n 制限 limit, restriction; ku-~ 小学生 elementary school student: chügaku-~ 中学生 junior seigen-jikan n 制限時間 time limit high school student: køkø´-~ seihin n 製品 product, manufactured goods 高校生 high school student: daigaku-~ 大学生 college/univer- seii n 誠意 sincerity (= magokoro sity student: daigaku-in-~ 大学院 真心): ~ o komete hanashimásu 237



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seiji



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



誠意を込めて話します talks



n 生理学 physiology sincerely séiri n 整理 adjustment, arrangement; seiri-seiton n 整理整頓 seiji n 政治 politics: ~-ka 政治家 politician: kokusai-~ 国際政治 keeping everything in order international politics seiritsu n 成立 formation, finalization, conclusion: køshø-~ 交渉 seijin n 成人 adult : ~ no hí 成人 の日 Coming-of-Age Day 成立 completion of the deal (honoring 20-year-olds) on 2nd Seiron n セイロン Ceylon (= SuriMonday of January ránka スリランカ Sri Lanka) seijitsu (na) adj 誠実(な) sincere seiryō n 清涼 [BOOKISH] refreshing: seijuku n 成熟 ripening, maturing ~ (inryø-)sui 清涼(飲料)水 reséika n 成果 [BOOKISH] good result, freshing drink outcome (= yoi kekka 良い結果) séiryoku n 勢力 power, energy; influence (= iryoku 威力) séika n 正価 net price seikaku n 性格 character (personal seisaku n 政策 (political) policy traits) seisaku n 制作・製作 manufacture, production seikaku (na) adj 正確(な) exact, accurate, correct seisan n 生産 production, manufacture seikaku (na) adj 精確(な) minute, correct and precise seisan n 清算 clearance, liquidaseiketsu (na) adj 清潔(な) 1. clean tion 2. pure seiseki n 成績 results, marks, séiki n 世紀 century: rai-~ 来世紀 grades, record: ~-hyø 成績表 next century report card seikō n 成功 success seishi n 静止 stillness: ~-ga(zø) 静 seikyū n 請求 claim, demand, 止画(像) still image (photo, etc.) request; seikyū-sho n 請求書 bill seishiki (no/na) adj 正式(の/な) seimitsu (na) adj 精密(な) precise, formal, official detailed, minute, thorough, séishin n 精神 soul, mind, spirit, accurate psyche: ~ (no) 精神(の) mental seimon n 正門 the front (main) gate seishitsu n 性質 character (of things), quality, disposition, nature seinen n 青年 young person, youth, adolescent; seinén-ki n 青 seisho n 聖書 Bible 年期 (one’s) youth; adolescence seishoku n 生殖 reproduction, seinen-gáppi n 生年月日 date of birth procreation; seishoku-ki n 生殖期 séiri n 生理 physiology: ~-teki na reproductive period 生理的な physiological; seiri-gaku seishún n 青春 adolescence 238



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seisō n ΰᤪ cleaning (= søji ᤪ㝎); seisō-in n ΰᤪဤ cleaner (person) séito n ⏍ᚈ pupil, student seitō n ᨳඨ political party seitō n ḿᙔ [BOOKISH] propriety, validity, reasonableness: ~ na riyü ḿᙔ࡝⌦⏜ good/fair reason seitō n ḿ⤣ legitimacy, orthodoxy seiyu n ⿿ἔ oil manufacturing; seiyu-gaisha n ⿿ἔఌ♣ oil manu-



facturing company seiza n ᫅ᗑ constellation seiza n 㟴ᗑ sitting quietly,



meditation



sekkakú



appearances, cares what people (may) think sekí n ࡎࡀ࣬ဌ cough: ~-dome shiroppu ࡎࡀḾࡴࢨࣞࢴࣈ



cough syrup séki n ⡘ 1. (one’s) family register (= koseki ᡖ⡘) 2. membership: sakkå-bu ni ~ o okimásu ࢦࢴ࢜ ࣭㒂࡞⡘ࢅ⨠ࡀࡱࡌ is a



member of the football club séki n ᖆ seat, (assigned) place; sekí-ryō n ᖆᩩ cover charge seki-… prefix ㉝ red; seki-han n ㉝㣜 rice boiled with red beans



séizei adv ࡎ࠷ࡏ࠷ at most, at best (commonly for celebration dinseizō n ⿿㏸ production, manufac- ner); Seki-jū´ji n ㉝༎Ꮚ Red Cross …-seki suffix …㞐 (counts ships/ ture: ~-moto ⿿㏸ඔ maker



(manufacturer)



vessels; commonly replaced by …-sø …⯲) Seki-dō n ㉝㐠 equator sekigaisen n ㉝አ⥲ infrared rays sekinin n ㈈௴ responsibility, obliarchitectural drafting gation; ~-sha ㈈௴⩽ responsible seizui n ⢥㧂 [BOOKISH] essence person seji n ୠ㎙o-seji ࠽ୠ㎙ compli- sékiri n ㉝② dysentery sekitán n ▴⅛ coal ment, flattery sékái n ୠ⏲ world; ~-jü ୠ⏲୯ sekitatemásu, sekitateru v ᛬ࡀ❟࡙ࡱ throughout the world, worldwide; ࡌ ᛬ࡀ❟࡙ࡾ urges ~-teki (na) ୠ⏲Ⓩ࡝ worldsekitórí n 㛭ཱི (ranking) sumo wide, international wrestler séken n ୠ㛣 the public, people, sekiyu n ▴ἔ petroleum, oil, the world, society (= shakai ♣ఌ, kerosene: ~-sutø´bu ▴ἔࢪࢹ࣭ yo-no-naka ୠࡡ୯); seken-bánashi ࣇ kerosene heater sékkai n ▴⅂ lime (mineral) n ୠ㛣ヨ chat(-ting); seken-tei n ୠ㛣మ appearances, reputation, sekkakú adv ࡎࡖ࠾ࡂ [+ NEGATIVE decency: ~ o kinishimásu ୠ㛣 verb] with much effort/devotion మࢅẴ࡞ࡊࡱࡌ cares about (but); on purpose, taking the 239 seizon n ⏍Ꮛ existence, surviving; seizon-ritsu n ⏍Ꮛ⋙ survival rate seizu n ⿿ᅒ drafting a (technical) drawing: kenchiku-~ ᘋ⠇⿿ᅒ



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sekkei



trouble: ~ desu ga … ࡎࡖ࠾ࡂ࡚ sémete adv ࡎࡴ࡙ at least; at most ࡌ࠿ … It is kind of you (to ask), semi n ࢬ࣐࣬⻴ cicada, locust seminā n ࢬ࣐ࢻ࣭ seminar, but … sekkei n シ゛ designing, planning workshop (of machine, etc.); shekkei-sha n sén n ༐ 1,000 (= is-sén ୌ༐࣬ シ゛⩽ designer (of machine, 1,000) thousand; sén-ba n ༐⩒ etc.); shekkei-zu n シ゛ᅒ draft, 1,000 (birds, rabbits); sen-bai n ༐ಶ a thousand-fold, 1,000 blueprint sekken n ▴ࡄࢆ࣬▴㮧 soap times as much; sén-bai n ༐᮴ sekkin n ᥃㎾ approach(ing): 1,000 cupfuls; sén-biki n ༐༆ ~-sen ᥃㎾ᡋ close game, close 1,000 (fishes/bugs, small anicontest: … ni ~ o hakarimásu … mals); sén-bon n ༐ᮇ 1,000 (pen࡞᥃㎾ࢅᅒࡽࡱࡌ seeks access cils/bottles, long objects); sen-en to …; … ni ~ shimásu …࡞᥃㎾ n ༐ළ a thousand yen; sén-zoku n ࡊࡱࡌ approaches, draws near ༐㊂ 1,000 pairs of footwear sekkō n ▴ࡆ࠹࣬▴⭧ plaster sén n ⥲ 1. line (= shasen ᩫ⥲): sekkú n ⟿ྀ; Tángo no ~ ❻༔ࡡ kyoku-~ ᭜⥲ curved line: ⟿ྀ Boys Festival (5 May) choku-~ ├⥲ straight line sékkusu n ࢬࢴࢠࢪ sex 2. outline 3. electron beam (→ sekkyō´ n ㄕᩅ sermon āsu-sen ࢓࣭ࢪ⥲) 4. (name of sekkyoku-teki (na) adj ✒ᴗⓏ࡝ electric train line): (jë åru) Yama no te-sen (JR)ᒜᡥ⥲ JR positive, energetic, vigorous semái adj ≻࠷ 1. narrow, tight, Yamanote Line sén n ᰞ plug, cork, stopper small (space): ~-heya ≻࠷㒂 ᒁ small room; ~-michi ≻࠷㐠 sen-… prefix ⯢ ship; sénchō n ⯢㛏 captain (of ship); sen’in n ⯢ narrow street, path 2. narrow, ဤ ship’s crew (member), sailor limited: shiya ga ~ ち㔕࠿≻࠷ has a narrow outlook 3. narrow, (…´-) sen suffix (…) ⯢ (name of little, small (mind) (= kyøryø ≻ certain) ship 㔖): ryøken ga ~ ஡ず࠿≻࠷ is sen-…/…-sen prefix, suffix ᡋ ᡋ war; sen-go adv [BOOKISH] narrow-minded sememásu, seméru v ᨯࡴࡱࡌ, ᨯ ᡋᚃ postwar, after/since the ࡴࡾ attacks, assaults war; sén-ji adv [BOOKISH] ᡋ᫤ sememásu, seméru v ㈈ࡴࡱࡌ, ㈈ wartime; sen-sō n ᡋண war; sen-tō ࡴࡾ censures, reproaches, n [BOOKISH] ᡋ㜒 battle; sen-zen (no) adj [BOOKISH] ᡋ๑ࡡ criticizes semento n ࢬ࣒ࣤࢹ cement prewar, before the war; shū-sen n



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sensē´shon



[BOOKISH] ⤂ᡋ the end of a war katori-~ ⹽ཱིࡽ⥲㤮 mosquito sen-… prefix ඙ last, previous, coil: ~-hanabi ⥲㤮ⰴℾ Japanese before, former; sen-datté adv ඙❟ sparkler ࡖ࡙ a few days ago, recently; senkō n ᑍᨯ major (study) sén-getsu n, adv ඙᭮ last month; sénkyo n 㐽ᣪ election: ~-ken 㐽 sen-jin n ඙ெ ① ancestor ② fore- ᣪᶊ right to vote: ~-undø 㐽ᣪ 㐘ິ election campaign runner; sen-jitsu n, adv ඙᪝ the senkyō´ n ᐃᩅ mission work; other day; sen-ku-sha n ඙㥉⩽ pioneer, a forerunner; sen-nyū-kan senkyō´shi n ᐃᩅᖅ missionary senmen n ὑ㟻 washing one’s face; n ඙ථび preconceived idea, prejudice; sen-rei n ඙ౚ precedent, senmen-jó n ὑ㟻ᡜ lavatory (to prior example; sen-sén-getsu n wash up at/in), bathroom [BOOKISH] ඙ࠍ᭮ month before senmon n ᑍ㛓 specialty, major last, two months ago; sen’-yaku (line/field/study): ~-(yø)go ᑍ㛓 ⏕ ㄊ technical term, jargon; n ඙⣑ previous appointment/ ~-ka ᑍ㛓ᐓ specialist; ~-i ᑍ㛓 engagement; sén-zo n ඙♵ ༈ (medical) specialist ancestor sen-… prefix ඙ lead, head, senpai n ඙㍦ one’s senior (colfront, top; sen-tan n ඙❻ ① tip, league, fellow student) senpō n ඙᪁ the other side (party) (pointed) end ② forefront: ~-gijutsu ඙❻ᢇ⾙ high-techsenpū´ n ᪍㢴 [BOOKISH] whirlwind nology; sen-tō n ඙㢄 lead, head, senpū´-ki n ᡢ㢴ᶭ electric fan front, top: ~ ni tachimásu ඙㢄࡞ senritsu n ᪍ᚂ melody senritsu n ᡋឳ [BOOKISH] shudder ❟ࡔࡱࡌ takes the lead, takes the initiative of horror, shiver of horror sénbei n ࡎࢆ࡬࠷࣬↞㣨 rice sénro n ⥲㊨ railroad track/line senryō n ༥㡷 military occupation crackers (…-) sénchi … ࢬࣤࢲ, ~më´toru sensai (na) adj ⦼⣵࡝ delicate, ࢬࣤࢲ࣒࣭ࢹࣜ centimeter sensitive senchiméntaru (na) adj ࢬࣤࢲ࣒ࣤ sensaku n ユ⣬ prying, inquiry; ࢰࣜ࡝ sentimental sensaku-zuki (na) adj ユ⣬ይࡀ࡝ senden n ᐃఎ propaganda, pubnosy licity: ~-køkoku ᐃఎᗀ࿈ promo senséi n ඙⏍ teacher; doctor; sén’i n ⦼⥌ fiber maestro, master (artisan/artist) sén’i n 㐼⛛ [BOOKISH] 1. transition (= kyøshi ᩅᖅ) 2. succession sensei n ᐃ㄃ [BOOKISH] oath sénkō n ⥲㤮 incense, joss stick: sensē´shon n ࢬࣤࢬ࣭ࢨࣘࣤ a 241



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sénshu



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



sensation (excitement): ~ o makio- ~tëpu ࢬࣞࣀࣤ ࣬ࢷ࣭ࣈ celkoshimásu ࢬࣤࢬ࣭ࢨࣘࣤࢅᕬ lophane tape, scotch tape ࡀ㉫ࡆࡊࡱࡌ makes a splash, séron n ୠㄵ public opinion sérori n ࢬࣞࣛ celery causes/creates a sensation sénshu n 㐽ᡥ athlete; player: sē´ru n ࢬ࣭ࣜ sale: bågen-~ ࣁ࣭ orinpikku-~ ࢛ࣛࣤࣅࢴࢠ㐽ᡥ ࢣࣤ࣬ࢬ࣭ࣜ bargain sale an Olympic athlete: ~-ken 㐽ᡥ sessen n ᥃⥲ tangent line ᶊ championship, title sessen n ᥃ᡋ close game, close sensu n ᡢᏄ (Japanese) fan contest sésse-to adv ࡎࡖࡎ࡛ diligently, (folding) sénsu n ࢬࣤࢪ sense: ~ ga ii ࢬࣤ hard (laboriously); frequently, ࢪ࠿࠷࠷ has good taste: ~ ga often warui ࢬࣤࢪ࠿ᝇ࠷ has poor ses-shimásu v ᥃ࡊࡱࡌ, ses-suru taste: yümoa no ~ ࣭࣓ࣗ࢓ࡡࢬ ᥃ࡌࡾ; (… ni) ~ …࡞ ᥃ࡊࡱࡌ ࣤࢪ sense of humor 1. comes in contact (with), borders sensui n ₧Ề submerging, diving; (on), is adjacent/contiguous (to) sensui-kan n ₧Ề⯼ submarine 2. encounters, meets, receives, sentaku n ὑ⃾ laundry, washing treats, handles sesshoku n ᥃よ contact, touch (= ~-mono ὑ⃾∸࣬ὑࡒࡂࡵ ࡡ); sentákú-ki n ὑ⃾ᶭ washer; sesshoku n ⟿㣏 abstemious diet sentaku-mono-ire n ὑ⃾∸ථࡿ sesshō n ᢙ⾢ negotiation sē´tā n ࢬ࣭ࢰ࣭ sweater clothesbag (for laundry) sentaku n 㐽ᢝ selection, choice setai n ୠᖈ a household séntensu n ࢬࣤࢷࣤࢪ sentence setchaku-zai n ᥃╌๠ glue, adhesive setogiwa n ℡ᡖ㝷 the last moment: (linguistic) (= bun ᩝ) (…-) sénto suffix … ࢬࣤࢹ cent(s) … no ~ ni arimásu ࡡ℡ᡖ㝷 séntō n 㖱… public bath ࡞࠵ࡽࡱࡌ is on the verge of … seoimásu, seou v ⫴ㇿ࠷ࡱࡌ, ⫴ㇿ setomono n ℡ᡖ∸ porcelain, ࠹ carries on the back china(ware) seppuku n ว⭙ harakiri (self-dis- Seto-náikai n ℡ᡖහᾇ the Inland Sea sétsu n ⟿ occasion (time or event) embowelment) seppun n ᥃ྼ [BOOKISH] kiss sétsu n ㄕ theory serí n ❿ࡽ auction sétsubi n シങ equipment, faciliserí n ࡎࡽ࣬ⰺ Japanese parsley ties, accommodations serifu n ࡎࡽࡨ࣬ྋペ one’s lines setsubi-go/-ji n ᥃ᑹㄊ/㎙ suffix setsudan n ว᩷ [BOOKISH] cutting, (in a play), dialogue sérohan n ࢬࣞࣀࣤ cellophane: cutoff 242



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shagamimásu, shagamu



setsudo n ⟿ᗐ moderation: ~ no settō n ✴┈ theft: settø-~ ✴┈≚ aru ⟿ᗐࡡ࠵ࡾ moderate: ~ o a thief mamorimásu ⟿ᗐࢅᏬࡽࡱࡌ is settō-go/-ji n ᥃㢄ㄊ㎙ prefix settoku v ㄕᚋ persuasion moderate sétsuei n シႜ construction, setting sewá n ୠヨ 1. care, trouble, up: tento (no) ~ ࢷࣤࢹࡡ シႜ assistance, help; (…no) ~ ni narimásu …ࡡ ୠヨ࡞࡝ࡽࡱࡌ setting up the tent setsugen n ⟿΅ reduction: keihi-~ becomes obliged (to one for help) ⤊㈕⟿΅ reducing the cost; → o-sewa-sama ࠽ୠヨࡈࡱ 2. denryoku-~ 㞹ງ⟿΅ energy meddling, minding other people’s



conservation setsugō n ᥃ྙ connection, con-



jugation, joining setsujitsu (na/ni) adj, adv วᐁ࡝ ࡞ urgent, serious, keenly, earnestly: ~ na mondai วᐁ࡝ ၡ㢗 serious problem; ~ na yøkyü วᐁ࡝こị a crying need,



pressing need setsumei n ㄕ᪺ explanation, description; setsumei-shó n ㄕ᪺᭡



business sewashíi adj ᚹࡊ࠷ = ~-nái ᚹࡊ࡝ ࠷ busy, hectic sezu v ࡎࡍ not doing (= sezu ni ࡎࡍ࡞, shináide ࡊ࡝࠷࡚) sha-…/…-sha prefix, suffix ♣ ♣ company; sha-chō n ♣㛏 president of a company; shá-in n ♣ဤ employee (of a company) sha-… prefix ㌬ vehicle; sha-dō n ㌬㐠 road(way), drive(way), street; sha-rin n ㌬㍧ wheel …-sha suffix ㌬ (name of certain)



written explanation, instructions, manual sétsuna n ๅ㑛 [BOOKISH] moment, vehicle …´-sha …⩽ person instant (= shunkan █㛣) setsuritsu n シ❟ establishment, shaberimásu, shabéru v ႁࡽࡱࡌ, ႁ ࡾ [INFORMAL]speak/talk: o-shafoundation: højin-~ Ἢெシ❟ beri himásu ࠽ႁࡽࡊࡱࡌ incorporation; ~-tøki シ❟Ⓡエ organizing registration chatters setsuzókú n ᥃⤾ connection: sháberu n ࢨࣔ࣊ࣜ shovel densha no ~ 㞹㌬ࡡ᥃⤾ train shabon n ࢨࣔ࣍ࣤ soap; shabonconnections; setsuzókú-shi n ᥃⤾ dama n ࢨࣔ࣍ࣤ⋚ soap bubble ペ a conjunction shabu-shabu n ࡊࡶࡩࡊࡶࡩ beef séttai n ᥃ᙽ business entertainment slices dipped in hot broth till séttei n シᏽ setup, setting ready to eat sétto n ࢬࢴࢹ 1. set (hair, etc.) shadan n 㐵᩷ interruption 2. a set meal shagamimásu, shagamu v ࡊࡶ࠿ࡲ 243



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shagare-goe



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



ࡱࡌ, ࡊࡶ࠿ࡳ squats, crouches formalism: ~ ni yarimásu ᮠᏄᏽ ぜ࡞ࡷࡽࡱࡌ goes by the book on heels shagare-goe n Ⴀࡿኇ hoarse voice shamisen n ୔࿝⥲ a three-stringed shageki n ᑏᦹ shooting (firing a banjo Shánhái n ࢨࣔࣤࣀ࢕࣬୕ᾇ rifle, shotgun, etc) shajitsu n ෕ᐁ [BOOKISH] drawing/ Shanghai writing realistically: ~-teki (na) shanpán, shanpén n ࢨࣔࣤࣂࣤ, ࢨ ෕ᐁⓏ࡝ realistic ࣔࣤ࣋ࣤ champagne Sháka n ࢨࣔ࢜࣬㔐㏉ Buddha shánpū n ࢨࣔࣤࣈ࣭ shampoo share n ࡊࡶࡿ࣬὏ⴘ pun (Sakyamuni) shákai n ♣ఌ society: ~ no ♣ఌࡡ sharei (kin) n ㅨ♡㔘 remunerasocial; shakai-kágaku n ♣ఌ⛁Ꮥ tion, reward, fee shasei n ෕⏍ sketching, sketch social science(s); shakai no mado shashin n ෕┷ photo, picture: n ♣ఌࡡ✾ one’s fly; shakai no shukuzu n ♣ఌࡡ⦨ᅒ society in ~-chø ෕┷ᖋ photo album: ~-ka miniature; shakai-shúgi n ♣ఌ୹⩇ ෕┷ᐓ photographer shátsu n ࢨࣔࢵ undershirt socialism sháke n ࢨࣔࢢ࣬㩤 salmon sháttā n ࢨࣔࢴࢰ࣭ shutter shakkín n ೇ㔘 debt (camera, etc.): ~ o kirimásu ࢨ shákkuri n ࡊࡶࡖࡂࡽ hiccup ࣔࢴࢰ࣭ࢅวࡽࡱࡌ releases sháko n ࢨࣔࢤ squilla, mantis the shutter sháwā n ࢨ࣭ࣔ࣠ shower (bath) shrimp shakō n ♣ஹ social intercourse, shi n モ poetry, poem, verse; shijin socializing n モெ poet shakuhachi n ᑵඳ vertical bamboo … shi suffix …ࡊ and, and so, what flute with (the fact that) … shakunetsu adj ⅆ⇍ 1. burning: ~ shí n Ṓ death; shi-in n Ṓᅄ cause no taiyø ⅆ⇍ࡡኯ㝟 scorching of death; shi-nin n Ṓெ dead sun 2. passionate: ~ no koi ⅆ⇍ person ࡡᜂ passionate love shí n ᄿ four (= yón ᄿ); shi-go-… shaku ni sawarimásu (sawaru) v Ⓕ࡞ prefix, adj ᄿ,஫… four or five 㝸ࡽࡱࡌ㝸ࡾ takes offense, …; shi-jū n ᄿ㔔 quadruplex: gets irritated/provoked; … ga shi-jü-sø ᄿ㔔዇ quartet (musical shaku ni ~ …࠿Ⓕ࡞㝸ࡽࡱࡌ is instruments, two violins, viola, offensive, irritating, provoking cello, etc.): gengaku-~-kyoku/dan shákushi n ᮠᏄ ladle (large ᘳᴞᄿ㔔዇᭜ᅆ string quartet wooden); shákushi-jōgi n ᮠᏄᏽぜ shí n ᕰ city (= tóshi 㒌ᕰ); shi-chō´ 244



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n ᕰ㛏 mayor; shí-min n ᕰẰ citizen, civilian (= kømin පẰ); shí-nai n ᕰහ within the city; shíritsu (no) adj ᕰ❟ࡡ municipal; shi-yákusho n ᕰᙲᡜ city office, city hall shiage n ௘୕ࡅ the finish(ing touch) shiagemásu v ௘୕ࡅࡱࡌ, shiagéru ௘୕ࡅࡾ finishes up shiai n ムྙ match, contest, meet, tournament shiasátte n, adv ࡊ࠵ࡈࡖ࡙᪺࣬ࠍ ᚃ᪝ three days from now shiawase n ᖶࡎ࣬ࡊ࠵ࢂࡎ happiness; shiawase (na) adj ᖶࡎ࡝ happy shiba n Ⱒ turf, lawn; shiba-fu n Ⱒ ⏍ lawn, grass; shiba-karí-ki n Ⱒศ ࡽᶭ lawn mower Shíba n Ⱒ Shiba; Shiba-Kø´en Ⱒ පᅧ Shiba Park shibai n Ⱒᑽ 1. a play (drama) 2. acting, pretense, fake: ~ o uchimásu Ⱒᑽࢅᡬࡔࡱࡌ puts on an act shibáraku adv ࡊࡣࡼࡂ (for) a while: ~ shite ࡊࡣࡼࡂࡊ࡙ after a while shibarimásu, shibáru v ⦙ࡽࡱࡌ, ⦙ ࡾ ties up shíba shíba adv ࡊࡣࡊࡣ often, repeatedly Shiberia n ࢨ࣊ࣛ࢓ Siberia shibin n ࡊࡦࢆ bedpan (urinal) shibiré n ࡊࡦࡿ࣬⑯ࡿ numbness:



shichū´



ࡱࡌ loses patience shibiremásu, shibiréru v ⑯ࡿࡱࡌ, ⑯ࡿࡾ gets numb, (a leg, etc.)



goes to sleep shibō n ⬙⫣ fat (lard, blubber) shibō n ᚷ᭻ a desire, a wish: haiyü-~ ಢඁᚷ᭻ a would-be actor: daiichi-~ no daigaku ➠ୌ ᚷ᭻ࡡኬᏕ one’s first choice



college/university shiborimásu, shibóru v ⤘ࡽࡱࡌ, ⤘ ࡾ wrings (out), squeezes, strains



(through cloth) shibu n ᨥ㒂 branch office shibúi adj Ῠ࠷ 1. taste, astringent (tea), bitter (wine) rough 2. (face) wry, sour: ~ kao o shimásu Ῠ࠷ 㢞ࢅࡊࡱࡌ makes a wry face 3.



appearance cool (sedate, sober, elegant, tasteful); shibui iroi n Ῠ࠷ Ⰵ elegant color Shibuya n Ῠㆺ Shibuya; ShibuyáEki Ῠㆺ㥈 Shibuya Station shichí n ୏࣬7 seven (= nána ୏࣬ 7); Shichi-go-san n ୏஫୔ the “seven-five-three” day when children of those ages visit shrines (15 November) shichí n ㈹ a pawn (something pawned); shichí-ya n ㈹ᒁ pawnbroker, pawnshop Shichi-gatsú n ୏᭮࣬7᭮ July shichi-jū n ୏༎࣬70 seventy (= naná-jü ୏༎࣬70) shichimen-chō n ࢨࢲ࣒ࣤࢲࣘࢗ࣬ ୏㟻㫵 turkey ~ o kirashimásu ࡊࡦࡿࢅวࡼࡊ shichū´ n ࢨࢲ࣭ࣖ stew 245



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shidai



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



shidai n ḗ➠࣬ࡊࡓ࠷ 1. circum- rency (bill) (= (o-)satsu ࠽ ᮈ) stances 2. suffix ([NOUN, VERB] -i shihō´ (-happō) n ᄿ᪁ඳ᪁ all ࠷) ~ desu ḗ➠࡚ࡌ it depends sides/directions on …; ([VERB] -i ࠷) -shidai ḗ➠ shihon (kin) n ㈠ᮇ㔘 capital, as soon as … funds: ~-ka ㈠ᮇᐓ capitalist shidashi-ya n ௘ฝࡊᒁ caterer, shiiému n ࢨ࣭࢙࣑࣬CM TV



catering shop



commercial



shidō n ᣞᑙ guidance, direction,



shiin n Ꮔ㡚 consonant shíin n ࢨ࣭ࣤ scene leadership, counsel(ing), shíitake n ࢨ࢕ࢰࢢ᳕࣬Ⲏ, shiicoaching; shidō-sha n ᣞᑙ⩽ guide, director, leader, coach take mushrooms: hoshi-~ ᖱࡊ᳕ shifuku n ⚶᭱ plain clothes; civil- Ⲏ dried shiitake mushrooms shíite adv ᙁ࠷࡙ forcibly: shíite ian clothes shígā n ࢨ࣭࢝ cigar sasemásu ᙁ࠷࡙ࡈࡎࡱࡌ forces shi-gachi (na) suffix, adj ࡊ࠿ࡔ one to do shíito n ࢨ࣭ࢹ 1. sheets; biniiru ࡝ apt to do, tends to shígarétto n ࢨ࢝ࣝࢴࢹ cigarette(s) ~ ࣄࢼ࣭ࣜ࣬ࢨ࣭ࢹ vinyl sheet Shi-gatsú n ᄿ᭮࣬4᭮ April 2. seat; ~-béruto ࢨ࣭ࢹ࣬࣊ࣜ shigeki n ๆ⃥ stimulation ࢹ seatbelt shigerimásu, shigéru v Ⱪࡽࡱࡌ, Ⱪ shíitsu n ࢨ࣭ࢵ sheet (for bed) ࡾ it grows thick(ly)/luxuriant(ly) shíizun n ࢨ࣭ࢫࣤ 1. the season shígoku adv ⮫ᴗ extremely (= kisetsu Ꮢ⟿) 2. high season; shigoto n ௘஥ job, work, task, yakyü (no) ~ 㔕⌣ࡡ ࢨ࣭ࢫࣤ



undertaking, business; operation: baseball season shíji n ᨥᣚ [BOOKISH] support, goes to work maintenance shigure n ᫤㞭 an on-and-off driz- shíji n ᣞ♟ [BOOKISH] indication, zle (in early winter) instruction, directions shihái, shíhai n ᨥ㒼 management, shíji n ⚶஥ [BOOKISH] 1. personal control; shihái-nin n ᨥ㒼ெ man- matter 2. privacy shijō n ᕰሔ market ager; shihái-sha n ᨥ㒼⩽ ruler shihanki n ᄿ༖᭿ quarter (year): shi-jū n ᄿ༎࣬40 forty (= yón-jü dai ni-~ ➠஦ᄿ༖᭿ the second ᄿ༎࣬40) (business) quarter (of a company) shíjū adv ጙ⤂ all the time shiharai n ᨥᡮ࠷, payment, disshika n ࢨ࢜࣬㮭 deer shiká n ṉ⛁ dentistry; shiká-i n ṉ bursement shíhei n ⣤ᖨ paper money, cur⛁༈ dentist (= há-isha ṉ༈⩽) 246 ~ ni ikimásu ௘஥࡞⾔ࡀࡱࡌ



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…shika conj …ࡊ࠾ [+ NEGATIVE]



(nothing) but, except for; (=



…daké …ࡓࡄ [+ POSITIVE])



only, just shikake n ௘᤻ࡄ device (gadget) shikaku n ㈠᰹ qualification(s), competency; zairyü ~ ᅹ⏻㈠᰹



status of residence



shimarimásu, shimáru



shikín n ㈠㔘 fund, capital shikiri n ௘วࡽ partition shikiri ni adv ࡊࡀࡽ࡞ incessantly;



intently, hard shikkári adv ࡊࡖ࠾ࡽ firmly,



resolutely shikke, shikki n ‭Ẵ dampness,



humidity



shikki n ‭Ẵ → shikke ‭Ẵ shikki n ⁵ჹ lacquer(ware) shíkko n ࡊࡖࡆ (slang/baby talk) and yet shikarimásu, shikaru v ྌࡽࡱࡌ, ྌ urine, urinating (= nyø ᑺ) ࡾ scolds shikō n Ⴐይ࣬ࡊይ liking, fancy, shikáshi conj ࡊ࠾ࡊ [BOOKISH] taste; …ni ~ ga arimásu …࡞Ⴐ ይ࠿࠵ࡽࡱࡌ has a taste/liking but, however (= demo ࡚ࡵ, keredo(mo) ࡄࡿ࡜ࡵ ) for…; shikō-hin n Ⴐይဗ࣬ࡊይဗ shi-kata n ௘᪁ way (of doing), articles of taste, amenities of life Shikóku n ᄿᅗ Shikoku manner, method, means: ~ ga arimasén ௘᪁࠿࠵ࡽࡱࡎࢆ shikyō-hin n ム౩ဗ tester, free shikakúi adj ᄿぽ࠷ square shiká-mo adv ࡊ࠾ࡵ moreover;



there’s nothing I/we can do about sample (for customers) (→ sanpuru ࢦࣤࣈࣜ) it, can’t be helped shikén n ム㥺 [BOOKISH] examina- shikyū adv ⮫᛬ urgently: ~ (no) tion, test, trial, experiment; shiken- ⮫᛬ࡡ urgent jó n ム㥺ᡜ (testing) laboratory; shima n ᓞ island shiken-jō n ム㥺ሔ exam room/ shima n ⦜ stripes: ~-moyø ⦜ᶅᵕ place stripe pattern shikí n ᘟ ceremony shimai n ⤂࠷࣬௘⯑࠷ the end: shiki n ᣞᥱ 1. command 2. con~ (no) ࡊࡱ࠷ࡡ the final/last ducting (orchestra); shikí-sha n ᣞ shimaimásu, shimau v ࡊࡱ࠷ࡱࡌ, ᥱ⩽ conductor (orchestra) ࡊࡱ࠹ puts away, finishes; shite shikibetsu n ㆉื discrimination shimau ࡊ࡙ࡊࡱ࠹ finishes shikí-kin n ᩔ㔘 security deposit doing, ends up by doing (after all), (for rental) does anyway, does it all shikimásu, shiku v ᩔࡀࡱࡌ, ᩔࡂ shimarimásu, shimáru v 㛚ࡱࡽࡱࡌ, spreads (a quilt, etc.); shiki-búton n 㛚ࡱࡾ it shuts, closes, locks ᩔᕱᅆ bottom quilt; shiki-fu n ᩔ shimarimásu, shimáru v ⥶ࡱࡽࡱࡌ, ᕱ (bed)sheet (= shíitsu ࢨ࣭ࢵ) ⥶ࡱࡾ gets steady, braces oneself 247



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shimarimásu, shimáru



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



shimarimásu, shimáru v ⥶ࡱࡽࡱࡌ, ⥶ࡱࡾ gets thrifty, frugal shimásu, suru v ࡊࡱࡌ, ࡌࡾ does (it); it happens; wears; … ni ([ADJECTIVE] -ku) shimásu …࡞...ࡂ ࡊࡱ ࡌ makes it so that (it is), makes it into; decides on (= … ni kimemásu …࡞Ửࡴࡱࡌ); … (shiyō) to shimásu …ࡊࡻ࠹ ࡛ࡊࡱࡌ goes (tries, is about) to do; … (suru) koto ni shimásu …ࡌࡾ ஥࡞ࡊࡱࡌ decides to (do); … to shite(´ mo) … ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡵ (even) as a … shímatsu n ጙᮆ managing, dealing



belt, etc.) 2. tightens up on: neji o ~ ࢾࢩࢅ⥶ࡴࡱࡌ tightens up a screw 3. economizes on 4. ki o hiki-~ Ẵࢅᘤࡀ⥶ࡴࡱࡌ braces oneself shimeppói adj ‭ࡖࡰ࠷ damp; humid shimerasemásu, shimerasu v ‭ࡼࡎ ࡱࡌ, ‭ࡼࡌ moistens/dampens it, wets it shimerimásu, shimeru v ‭ࡽࡱࡌ, ‭ࡾ gets damp shimeshimásu, shimésu v ♟ࡊࡱࡌ, ♟ࡌ shows, indicates shimi n ᯹ࡲ࣬ࡊࡲ stain, blot, with; outcome, upshot, climax shimátta interj ࡊࡱࡖࡒ! Damn!, blotch, spot shimijími (to) adv ࡊࡲࡋࡲ࡛ Good heavens shimauma n ࢨ࣏࣏ࢗ zebra deeply (feels), fully (appreciates) shime-gane n ⥶ࡴ㔘 buckle shimimásu, shimiru v ᯹ࡲࡱࡌ, ᯹ shimei n ౐࿤ mission: ~-kan ౐࿤ ࡲࡾ penetrates, soaks shimimásu, shimiru v Ựࡲࡱࡌ, វ sense of mission shi-mei n Ắྞ (one’s) full name Ựࡲࡾ smarts, is stimulated (= sei-mei ጞྞ) (body), is deeply moved (heart): shimei n ᣞྞ designation; shimeihonemi ni ~ 㦭㌗࡞Ựࡲࡱࡌ tsū´wa n ᣞྞ㏳ヨ person-totouches one to the quick: hito no person call; shimei-tehai n ᣞྞᡥ nasake ga mi ni ~ ெࡡ᝗ࡄ࠿㌗ 㒼 listing a person (criminal) on ࡞Ựࡲࡱࡌ deeply appreciates the wanted list people’s thoughtfulness shimekiri n ⥶ࡴวࡽ࣬ࠎว 1. shimó n 㟎࣬ࡊࡵ frost: ~ ga oriclosing 2. “Closed”, deadline: ~ másu 㟎࠿㜾ࡽࡱࡌ frosts kígen/kíjitsu ⥶ࡴวࡽ᭿㝀᭿᪝ shí mo suffix ࡊࡵ [+ NEGATIVE deadline, due date verb] ~ shimasén ࡊࡵࡊࡱࡎࢆ shimemásu, shiméru v 㛚ࡴࡱࡌ, 㛚 nor do, not do either/even ࡴࡾ shuts (closes, locks) it shimon n ᣞ⣘ fingerprint shimemásu, shiméru v ⥶ࡴࡱࡌ, ⥶ shimon n ㅆၡ [BOOKISH] inquiry ࡴࡾ 1. ties, fastens, tightens it shimon n ムၡ [BOOKISH] question(necktie, belt, kimono sash, seat- ing, interviewing, examination; 248



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køtø-~ ཾ㢄ムၡ oral examination shín n ⰲ core, pith, heart: ringo no ~ࣛࣤࢥ>ᯐ᷅@ࡡⰲ apple core shín-… prefix ᚨ heart, spirit; shín-chū n ᚨ୯ in one’s heart; shin-pai n ᚨ㒼 worry, uneasiness, concern, anxiety, fear: ~ (na) ᚨ 㒼࡝ uneasy; shín-ri n ᚨ⌦ psychology, mentality; shin-rí-gaku n ᚨ⌦Ꮥ (science/study of) psychology; ~-sha ᚨ⌦Ꮥ⩽ psychologist; shín-soko n ᚨᗇ (at) the bottom of one’s heart; shin-zō n ᚨ⮒ heart (organ) shín-… prefix ᩺… … new; shingeki n ᩺๸ modern drama; shínnen n ᩺ᖳ new year: Shín-nen akemashite omedetø (gozaimásu) ᩺ᖳ᪺ࡄࡱࡊ࡙࠽ࡴ࡚࡛࠹ࡇ ࡉ࠷ࡱࡌ ! Happy New Year!; shin-sen (na) adj ᩺㩥࡝ fresh; Shin-yaku Seisho n ᩺⣑⪯᭡ the



shingō



࠷࡚࠷ࡱࡌ keeps on not doing it; ~ okimásu ࡊ࡝࠷࡚࠽ࡀࡱࡌ



neglects to do it, leaves it undone; ~ mimásu ࡊ࡝࠷࡚ࡲࡱࡌ tries not doing it; ~ sumimásu ࡊ࡝࠷ ࡚ῥࡲࡱࡌ needs not do it, doesn’t have to do it shinákute mo v ࡊ࡝ࡂ࡙ࡵ even not doing it; ~ íi desu ࡊ࡝ࡂ࡙ࡵ ࠷࠷࡚ࡌ gets by without doing it, doesn’t have to do it shi-naoshimásu, shi-naósu v ࡊ├ࡊ ࡱࡌ, ࡊ├ࡌ redoes it, fixes/ improves it Shínbashi n ᩺ᶣ Shinbashi shínbō n ㎖ᢢ [BOOKISH] endurance, patience, forbearance shinbun n ᩺⪲ newspaper; ~-úriba ᩺⪲኉ࡽሔ newsstand; shinbundai n ᩺⪲௥ newspaper bill; shinbún-sha n ᩺⪲♣ newspaper company shinchō n ㌗㛏 height, stature (= New Testament shin-… prefix ♼… god, deity; shin- sé ⫴, séi ࡎ࠷࣬⫴, setake ⫴୓): den n ♼Ẃ the sanctuary of a ~ o hakarimásu ㌗㛏ࢅῼࡽࡱࡌ shrine; shín-dō n ♼❲ child measures one’s height shinchū n ┷㘯 brass prodigy; shín-pu n ♼∏ priest shindai n ᐱྋ bed, berth, bunk; (Christian), Father, Reverend; Shín-tō, Shín-dō n ♼㐠 Shinto(ism); ~-ken ᐱྋไ berth ticket shin-wa n ♼ヨ myth, mythology shindō n ᣲິ vibration: hageshii shina n ဗ 1. articles, goods (= ~ ⃥ࡊ࠷ᣲິ thumping vibration shinamono ဗ∸) 2. quality; Shinetsu-chihō n ಘ㉲ᆀ᪁ the shina-mono n ဗ∸ goods, articles Shinetsu area of Japan (Niigata, Nagano prefectures) (= shina ဗ) shi-nagara ࡊ࡝࠿ࡼ while doing shingō n ಘྒ signal: ~-ki ಘྒᶭ shináide v ࡊ࡝࠷࡚ not doing it, traffic light: ~-mushi ಘྒ↋ち instead of doing it: ~ imásu ࡊ࡝ running a red light: ao-~ 㟯ಘྒ 249



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shíngu



green light: aka-~ ㉝ಘྒ red light shíngu n ᐱර bedding shínguru n ࢨࣤࢡࣜ 1. single (room) 2. single, unmarried (= dokushin ≺㌗), bachelor shinimásu, shinu v Ṓ࡞ࡱࡌ, Ṓ࡟ dies (= nakunarimásu ஷࡂ࡝ࡽ ࡱࡌ, o-nakunari ni narimásu [HONORIFIC] ࠽ஷࡂ࡝ࡽ࡞࡝ࡽ ࡱࡌ(for human)) shínjá n ಘ⩽ a believer; Kirisutokyø (no) ~ ࢞ࣛࢪࢹᩅࡡ ಘ⩽



a Christian



shínpo n 㐅Ṅ progress shínpuru (na) adj ࢨࣤࣈࣜ࡝



simple shinrai n ಘ㢏 trust, confidence, reliance; shinrai-sei n ಘ㢏ᛮ reliability: ~ ga takái ಘ㢏ᛮ࠿㧏࠷



highly reliable shínri n ┷⌦ truth, veritas: fuhen no ~ ୘ንࡡ┷⌦ eternal truth,



everlasting truth shinrui n の㢦 a relative (= shinseki のᡁ, shinzoku の᪐) shinryaku n ౴␆ invasion, aggres-



sion



shin-jimásu, shin-jíru v ಘࡋࡱࡌ, ಘ ࡋࡾ believes in, trusts shínjitsu n ┷ᐁ truth (= hontø no koto ᮇᙔࡡࡆ࡛, makoto ㄌ࣬┷) shinju n ┷⌌ pearl; Shinjú-wan ┷⌌‬ Pearl Harbor shinjū n ᚨ୯ double suicide,



shinsatsu n タᐳ medical exami-



nation shinsei n ⏞ㄫ application (for a permit); shinsei-nin n ⏞ㄫெ an applicant; shinsei-shó n ⏞ㄫ᭡



application form (for a permit)



shinseki n のᡁ a relative shínsetsu n のว kindness, goodlovers’ suicide Shinjuku n ᩺ᐙ Shinjuku; Shinjukú- will, favor; shínsetsu na adj のว Eki ᩺ᐙ㥈 Shinjuku Station ࡝ kind, cordial shinkánsen n ᩺ᖷ⥲ bullet train shínshi n ⣸ኃ gentleman shinshitsu n ᐱᐄ bedroom (line), Shinkansen shínkei n ♼⤊ nerve: ~ ni sawashíntai (no) adj ㌗మࡡ physical; rimásu ♼⤊࡞㝸ࡽࡱࡌ gets on ~-kénsa ㌗మ᳠ᰕ physical one’s nerves; shinkéi-shitsu (na) adj exam; ~-shøgáisha ㌗మ㝸ᐐ⩽ ♼⤊㈹࡝ nervous handicapped person shinkoku (na) adj ῕็࡝ serious, shín’ya n, adv ῕እ late at night shin’yō n ಘ⏕ trust, confidence; grave credit shinobimásu, shinóbu v ᚰࡦࡱࡌ, ᚰࡩ bears, puts up with shinzoku n の᪐ relatives shínpi n ♼⛆ mystery; shinpi-teki shió n ₳ tide (na) ♼⛆Ⓩ࡝ mysterious, shió n ሲ salt; shio-karái adj ሲ㎖࠷ esoteric, miraculous salty (= shoppai ࡊࡺࡖࡤ࠷)



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…-shi-sō (na)



shion n Ꮔ㡚 consonant shiori n ࡊ࠽ࡽ bookmark (a thin



learns; shitte imásu ▩ࡖ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ knows shiri-tai v ▩ࡽࡒ࠷ curious about, marker made of paper, card, want(ing) to know etc.) shippai n ኶ᩃ failure, blunder, shíritsu (no) adj ⚶❟ࡡ (= watakushí-ritsu ⚶❟) privately defeat shippó n ࡊࡖࡰ࣬ᑶᑹ tail established entity/organization shira-… prefix Ⓣ white; shira-gá shirizokimásu, shirizóku v ㏝ࡀࡱࡌ, ㏝ࡂ retreats, withdraws, retires n Ⓣ㧝 gray hair; shira-su n ࢨࣚ shiro n ᇖ castle ࢪ࣬ⓉᏄ baby sardines shirabemásu, shirabéru v ㄢ࡬ࡱࡌ, shíro n Ⓣ white: ~-kuma Ⓣ↻࣬ ㄢ࡬ࡾ investigates, examines, ࢨࣞࢠ࣏ white bear, polar bear; shíró-mi n Ⓣ㌗ white (of an egg), checks shirafu (no) adj ࡊࡼࡨࡡ (unalbumen; white meat; shiró-i adj Ⓣ࠷ white drunk) sober shirami n ࢨ࣐ࣚ louse, lice shíróppu n ࢨࣞࢴࣈ syrup shiraremásu, shirareru v ▩ࡼࡿࡱࡌ, shírō´to n ⣪ெ an amateur, a novice ▩ࡼࡿࡾ gets (widely) known; shíru n Ị juice, gravy; broth, soup shirushi n ༰࣬᚜ indication, token, becomes famous shirase n ▩ࡼࡎ (= o-shirase ࠽▩ sign, symptom; effect(iveness) ࡼࡎ) report, notice, information shíryo n ᛦ៎ [BOOKISH] considerashirasemásu, shiraseru v ▩ࡼࡎࡱࡌ, tion, thought(-fulness) ▩ࡼࡎࡾ announces (informs of), shíryō n ㈠ᩩ materials; data shíryoku n ちງ vision, eyesight, lets one know, notifies shiréi n ྒྷ௦ command (in army, visual acuity shisei n ጶເ posture; attitude etc.); shiréi-bu n ྒྷ௦㒂 headshisetsu (no) adj ⚶シࡡ private quarters shiréi n ᣞ௦ command; shiréi-kan n shísetsu n ᪃シ facility, instituᣞ௦ᏻ commander tion, establishment, installation shiremásu, shireru v ▩ࡿࡱࡌ, ▩ࡿ shíshi n ࢨࢨ࣬⊲Ꮔ lion (= raion ࡾ gets known; is identified; ࣚ࢕࢛ࣤ) shishū n ๆ⦾ embroidery becomes clear/evident shirí n ᑶ butt(ock), hip, bottom, shishún-ki n ᛦ᫋᭿ adolescence shisō n ᛦ᝷ thought, concept seat shiriai n ▩ࡽྙ࠷ acquaintance shíson n ᏄᏘ descendants; shirimásu, shiru v ▩ࡽࡱࡌ, ▩ࡾ posterity acquaints oneself with, finds out, …-shi-sō (na) suffix, adj ࡊࡐ࠹࡝ 251



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shísso (na)



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



likely/about to do it: ~ mo nái ࡊ shitátte v ࡊࡒࡖ࡙ = shitémo ࡊ࡙ ࡐ࠹ࡵ࡝࠷ unlikely to do it ࡵ even doing, even if it does shísso (na) adj ㈹⣪࡝ simple, shite v ࡊ࡙ doing; does and; ~-kara ࡊ࡙࠾ࡼ (next) after doing; ~moíi plain, frugal, rustic shi-sugimásu, shi-sugíru v ࡊ㐛ࡁࡱ ࡊ࡙ࡵ࠷࠷ may do it, it is OK ࡌ, ࡊ㐛ࡁࡾ over(does) to do it; ~ wa ikemasén/ikenai/ shita(-…) n, prefix ୖ below, damé ࡊ࡙ࡢ࠷ࡄࡱࡎࢆ࠷ࡄ࡝ ࠷ࡓࡴ mustn’t do it, don’t do it! under, bottom, lower; (= toshishita ᖳୖ) younger, youngest; shitei n ᣞᏽ designation, appointshita-baki n ୖᒓࡀ (outdoor) ment; shitéi-seki n ᣞᏽᖆ reserved shoes; shita-gi n ୖ╌ underwear; seat(s) shita-machi n ୖ⏣ downtown shiteki shimásu (suru) v ᣞᦤࡊࡱࡌ shitá n ⯁ tongue ࡌࡾ indicates, points out shitagaimásu, shitagau v ᚉ࠷ࡱ shiten n ᨥᗉ branch shop ࡌ, ᚉ࠹: …ni ~ …࡞ᚉ࠷ࡱࡌ shitetsu n ⚶㕪 private railroad conforms to …, accords with … shitsu n ㈹ quality, nature shi-tagarimásu, shi-tagáru v ࡊࡒ࠿ࡽ …´-shitsu suffix …ᐄ (name of ࡱࡌ, ࡊࡒ࠿ࡾ wants (is eager) certain) room shitsū n ṉ⑚ toothache (= ha-ita to do shitagatte adv, conj ᚉࡖ࡙ accord- ṉ⑚) ingly, therefore; … ni ~ …࡞ᚉ shitsubō n ኶᭻ disappointment ࡖ࡙ according to …, in conform- shitsúdo n ‭ᗐ humidity shitsugyō n ኶ᴏ unemployment; ity with/to … shi-tagátte v ࡊࡒ࠿ࡖ࡙ → shi-taga- ~-sha ኶ᴏ⩽ unemployed person rimásu ࡊࡒ࠿ࡽࡱࡌ[INFINITIVE] shitsuke n ࡊࡗࡄ࣬㌣ training shi-tai v ࡊࡒ࠷ wants to do it (of children, …), discipline, shitaku n ᨥᗐ preparation, arrange- upbringing shi-tsuke n ௘௛ࡄ basting, tacking ment shitára v ࡊࡒࡼ if/when one does (with thread); ~-íto ௘௛ࡄ⣊ it basting/tacking thread shitári (… shimásu ) v ࡊࡒࡽ …ࡊ shitsukemásu, shitsukéru v ࡊࡗࡄ ࡱࡌ does/is such things as; some- >㌣ࡄ@ࡱࡌ, ࡊࡗࡄ>㌣ࡄ@ࡾ times does/is; does/is intermittrains (children, …), disciplines, tently (off and on) brings up shitashíi adj のࡊ࠷ intimate, shi-tsukemásu, shi-tsukéru v ௘௛ࡄ ࡱࡌ, ௘௛ࡄࡾ bastes, tacks familiar shitate-ya n ௘❟ᒁ tailor (with thread) 252



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shō´bu



shitsumon n ㈹ၡ question shitsúrei n ኶♡ discourtesy; Shitsúrei desu ga ... ኶♡࡚ࡌ࠿... Excuse me for asking, but ...; shitsúrei (na) adj ኶♡࡝ impolite shitsuren n ኶ᜂ disappointment



shizumemásu, shizumeru v ỷࡴࡱࡌ, ỷࡴࡾ sinks it shizumimásu, shizumu v ỷࡲࡱࡌ, ỷࡳ it sinks sho- prep ㅎ [makes definite plurals of certain nouns]; ~-ji ㅎ ஥ all matters; everything; ~-tø in love shitsuteki (na) adj ㈹Ⓩ࡝ qualita- ㅎᓞ (a group of) islands; an



tive shitto n ᎐ጅ jealousy: ~ bukai hito ᎐ጅ῕࠷ெ jealous person shiwa n ࡊࢂ࣬ࢨ࣠࣬⓶ wrinkle, crease: ~ ga dekimásu ࡊࢂ࠿࡚ ࡀࡱࡌ it wrinkles (= ~ ni narimásu ࡊࢂ࡞࡝ࡽࡱࡌ) shiwaza n ௘ᴏ act, deed shi-yasúi v ࡊࡷࡌ࠷ 1. easy to do 2. likely to do it, tends to do it shi-yō n ௘ᵕ method, means, way (= shi-kata ௘᪁); (for products, etc.) specifications: ~ ga nái ࡊࡻ ࠹࠿࡝࠷ hopeless, beyond



archipelago shō´ n ᛮ nature, disposition,



quality shō´ n ㈱ prize, reward; shō´-batsu n ㈱⨡ rewards and punishments; shō-hin n ㈱ဗ prize (object); shōkin n ㈱㔘 prize money; reward; shō´-yo n ㈱୙ bonus; ~-kin ㈱୙ 㔘 bonus money shō-… prefix ၛ sales, business; shō´-bai n ၛ኉ trade, business; shō´-gyō n ၛᴏ commerce, trade, business; shō´-hin n ၛဗ goods,



merchandise, (sales) product; shō´-nin n ၛெ merchant, trader remedy shiyō n ౐⏕ use, employment; …´-shō suffix …ၛ dealer (seller shiyō-chū ౐⏕୯ in use, occupied of …): gyø-~ ⾔ၛ peddling …´-shō suffix …┤ 1. (name of (toilet, etc.); shiyō-nin n ౐⏕ெ servant; shiyō´-sha n ౐⏕⩽ user certain) Ministry 2. (name of shiyō n ⚶⏕ private use/business: certain) province (China) ~ no ⚶⏕ࡡ private shōátsú-ki n ᪴ᅸᶭ booster (of shizen n ⮤↓ nature: ~ (no) ⮤↓ current) ࡡ natural; ~ (na) ⮤↓࡝ sho´-batsu n ฌ⨡ punishments shōbén n ᑚ౼ urine, urinating natural, spontaneous shízuka (na) adj 㟴࠾࡝ quiet, still (very informal. mostly male) shizumemásu, shizuméru v 㟴ࡴࡱࡌ shōbō n ᾐ㜭 fire fighting; ~´-sha ࣬㙘ࡴࡱࡌ, 㟴ࡴࡾ࣬㙘ࡴࡾ ᾐ㜭㌬ fire engine; ~´-shi ᾐ㜭ኃ soothes, quiets, calms, pacifies, fire fighter shō´bu n ົㇿ match, contest suppresses 253



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shóbun



shóbun n ฌฦ [BOOKISH]



disposition, abolition sho´chi n ฌ⨠ [BOOKISH] dealing with shōchi n ᢆ▩ agreement, understanding; Shøchi shimáshita ᢆ▩ ࡊࡱࡊࡒ [HUMBLE] I understand (and consent). (on business e-mail, etc.) Yes, sir/ma’am. shochō n ᡜ㛏 institute director shōchō n ㇗ᚡ symbol shōchū´ n ↕㒽 distilled liquor made from yams or rice shō´dai n ᣅᙽ = shø´tai ᣅᙽ invitation shōdaku n ᢆㅑ [BOOKISH] consent, acceptance shodō n ᭡㐠 calligraphy (= shüji ⩞Ꮚ) shōdokú-yaku/-zai n ᾐẐⷾ/๠ disinfectant shō-fuda n ḿᮈ price tag shōga n ࢨࣘࢗ࢝࣬⏍ጢ ginger shōgai n 㝸ᐐ impediment, obstacle, hindrance; ~-sha 㝸ᐐ ⩽ handicapped person shō´gai n ⏍ᾥ life(long), for all of one’s life (time) shōgakkō n ᑚᏕᰧ primary (elementary) school → gakkō n



shōgi n ᑑᲞ (Japanese) chess shō´go n ḿ༔ noon (exactly) shōhi n ᾐ㈕ consumption; ~-sha ᾐ㈕⩽ consumer; shōhi-zei n ᾐ ㈕⛧ consumption tax shohō n ฌ᪁ prescription, prescribing; shohō-sen n ฌ᪁⟚



prescription (slip) shō´i n ᑛᑔ 2nd lieutenant; ensign shoimásu, shou v [INFORMAL] ࡊࡺ ࠷>⫴ㇿ࠷@ࡱࡌ, ࡊࡺ࠹࣬⫴ㇿ ࠹ [INFORMAL] carries on the back,



shoulders it shōji n 㝸Ꮔ translucent sliding



panel/door shōjíkí (na) adj ḿ├࡝ honest: ~ ni ḿ├࡞ honestly shō-jimásu, shō-jiru v ⏍ࡋࡱࡌ, ⏍ ࡋࡾ 1. produces, comes about, occurs 2. arises, happens shōjin-ryō´ri n ⢥㐅ᩩ⌦ vegetarian



cuisine shójo n ฌዥ virgin (female) shō´jo n ᑛዥ young girl (= onna no ko ዥࡡᏄ) shōjū n ᑚ㖘 rifle shōka n ᾐ໩ digestion; shōka-fúryō n ᾐ໩୘Ⰳ indigestion shōkai n ⣺௒ introduction (of a



person)



Ꮥᰧ shōgáku-sei n ᑚᏕ⏍ primary



shōká-ki n ᾐℾჹ fire extinguisher shōka-sen n ᾐℾᰞ fireplug, hydrant school student shōken n チไ security (stock, bond) shō ga nai adj [INFORMAL] ࡊࡺ࠹ shóki n ᭡エ secretary ࠿࡝࠷ = shi-yø ga nái ࡊࡺ࠹࠿ shoki n ิ᭿ [BOOKISH] beginning; ࡝࠷ hopeless, beyond remedy shoki-settei n ิ᭿シᏽ default Shōgatsú n ḿ᭮ January; New Year (setting)



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shóri



shōki (no) adj ḿẴࡡ sober,



࡞ before a meal (= shokuji no sane; in one’s right mind máe ni 㣏஥ࡡ๑࡞) shōkin n ḿ㔘 hard cash shokúbutsu n ᳔∸ (botanical) plant; shōkin n ർ㔘 → baishō-kin ㈲ർ㔘 ~-en ᳔∸ᅧ botanical garden shokumín-chi n ᳔Ằᆀ colony (indemnity, reparation) shokken n 㣏ไ meal ticket shōkyoku-teki (na) adj ᾐᴗⓏ࡝ shokki n 㣏ჹ tableware (dish, negative; conservative plate, chopsticks, etc.); ~-dana shōkyū n ᪴⤝ rise in pay 㣏ჹᲬ dish rack; ~-tódana 㣏ჹ shōkyū n ᪴⣥ promotion shomei n ⨣ྞ signature ᡖᲬ cupboard shokkō n ⫃ᕝ factory worker; shōmei n チ᪺ proof, verification, workman (= køin ᕝဤ) attestation, certification; shōmeishó n チ᪺᭡ certificate; note of shókku n ࢨࣘࢴࢠ shock shōko n チᣈ proof, evidence, authentication shōmei n ↯᪺ lighting, illuminawitness shō´kō n ᑑᰧ military officer tion: ~-kígu ↯᪺ჹර lighting shoku n ⫃ office, occupation; fixtures shokú-gyō n ⫃ᴏ occupation, shōmén n ḿ㟻 the face (front side) vocation, job, profession; shoku- shomotsu n ᭡∸ [BOOKISH] book reki n ⫃Ṍ professional experience (= hón ᮇ) shoku n (…´-shoku …㣏) food; shōmyō´ n ኇ᪺ chanting of (counts meals); shoku-dō n 㣏ᇸ Buddhist scriptures dining room; restaurant; shoku-dō´- shōnen n ᑛᖳ boy, lad, youngster sha n 㣏ᇸ㌬ dining car, diner; (= otoko no ko ⏠ࡡᏄ) shoku-go (ni) adv 㣏ᚃ࡞ after a shō´ni n ᑚඡ infant, child; shōni-ka meal (= shokuji no áto de 㣏஥ࡡ n ᑚඡ⛁ pediatrics; pediatrician ᚃ࡚); shoku-hin n 㣏ဗ foodstuffs, shōnin n チெ a witness groceries; shoku-ji n 㣏஥ a meal; shoppái adj [INFORMAL] ࡊࡺࡖࡤ ࠷ [INFORMAL] salty eating, having a meal; shoku (-ji) tsuki (no) n 㣏஥ ௛ࡀࡡ with shóppingu n ࢨࣘࢴࣅࣤࢡ shopmeals (included); shokú-motsu n ping (= kaimono ㈑࠷∸) 㣏∸ food(s); shoku-ryō-hin n 㣏ᩩ shō´rai n, adv ᑑᮮ future (= ဗ foodstuffs, groceries; shoku-taku yukusue ⾔ࡂᮆ, mirai ᮅᮮ) n 㣏༜ dinner table; shoku-yoku n shōrei n ዜທ encouragement, 㣏ḟ appetite; shoku-zen n 㣏⭻ promotion shóri n ฌ⌦ managing, disposing (low) individual meal table; shoku-zen (ni) adv [BOOKISH] 㣏๑ of, transacting, dealing with;



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shō´ri



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



shori-jō n ฌ⌦ሔ [sewage]



Period (1926–1989) treatment plant shoyū (no) adj ᡜ᭯ࡡ possessed, shō´ri n ົฺ victory; shōrí-sha n ົ owned, belonging; one’s own; ฺ⩽ winner, victor shoyū-butsu/-hin n ᡜ᭯∸/ဗ shorui n ᭡㢦 form, document, belongings, possessions; shoyū´sha n ᡜ᭯⩽ (legal) owner paper(s), writing shōryaku n ┤␆ abbreviation, shōyu n ࡊࡺ࠹ࡹ࣬㓲ἔ soya omission (= ryaku ␆) sauce shōsa n ᑛఫ major; lieutenant shozai n ᡜᅹ whereabouts shōzō n ⫔ാ portrait; shōzō-ga n commander shosai n ᭡ᩢ a study, library (room) ⫔ാ⏤ portrait (drawing and/or shōsai n リ⣵ [BOOKISH] details painting) shóseki n ᭡⡘ books, publications shu n ᮊ vermilion; shu-niku n ᮊ ⫏ red ink pad (= hón ᮇ) shōsetsu n ᑚㄕ fiction, a novel shū´, …´-shū n, suffix ᕗ, …ᕗ shō´shō adv ᑛࠍ a little (name of certain) state (U.S., [DEFERENTIAL] (= chótto ࡔࡺࡖ࡛) Australia); province (Canada); shō´shō n ᑛᑑ major general; rear county (Britain) shū´, …´-shū n, suffix 㐄, …㐄 (= admiral shōshū n ྇㞗࣬ᣅ㞗 conscription, shükan 㐄㛣 week; shū-matsu (military) draft n 㐄ᮆ weekend; shū-kan n 㐄 shōsoku n ᾐ᜝ news, word (from/ 㛣 week shūbun n ⚽ฦ autumnal equinox: of …) (= nyüsu ࢼ࣭ࣖࢪ) shotái n ᡜᖈ࣬ୠᖈ a household; ~-no-hí ⚽ฦࡡ᪝ Autumnal housekeeping Equinox Day shō´tai n ᣅᙽ invitation; shōtái-jō n shuchō n ୹ᘿ assertion, claim ᣅᙽ≟ invitation (card) shūchū n 㞗୯ concentration shótchū adv [INFORMAL] ࡊࡺࡖࡔ shúdan n ᡥṹ ways, means, ࡸ࠹ all the time measures (= høhø ᪁Ἢ): saigo no shoten n ᭡ᗉ bookshop ~ ᭩ᚃࡡᡥṹ last resort shō´ten n ↌Ⅴ focus, focal point shūdan n 㞗ᅆ group, collective shō´to n ࢨ࣭ࣘࢹ a short body: ~-seikatsu 㞗ᅆ⏍Ὡ group (circuit); short story; shortstop living, communal living: bo-~ ẍ shotoku n ᡜᚋ income; ~-zei ᡜᚋ 㞗ᅆ a population ⛧ income tax shūden n ⤂㞹 the last train (= ~ shōtotsu n ⾢✲ collision densha ᭩⤂㞹㌬) Shōwa-jidai n ᫓࿰᫤௥ Showa shūdō´-in n ಞ㐠㝌 convent 256



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shunbun



shúfu n ୹፦ housewife shukan n ୹び subjectivity: ~-teki shúfu n 㤫ᗋ → shutó 㤫㒌 (na) ୹びⓏ࡝ subjective shūgeki n ぇᦹ attack, charge, raid, shūkan n ⩞ៈ custom, practice, attack habit (= kuse ⒯) shúgi n ୹⩇ principle, doctrine, shū´ki n ⚽᭿ autumn (period/term) shū´ki n ࿔᭿ cycle (length) -ism shūgi-in n ⾏㆗㝌 House of Repre- shū´ki n ⮧Ẵ bad smell, stink (= akushü ᝇ⮧); shūki-dome n ⮧Ẵ sentatives shúgo n ୹ㄊ subject (of a sentence) Ḿࡴ deodorant (household, etc.) shūgō n 㞗ྙ assembly, gathering shukkin n ฝໂ office attendance shugyō n ಞ⾔࣬ಞᴏ (getting shuku-choku n ᐙ├ night duty one’s) training, ascetic practices, shukudai n ᐙ㢗 1. homework (at school): natsu-yásumi no ~ ኚఆ meditation shūgyō n ᑯᴏ starting one’s ࡲࡡᐙ㢗 summer homework 2. work(-day); shūgyō´-jíkan n ᑯᴏ᫤ unsolved problem shukuga n ♻㈙ congratulation: 㛣 working hours shū´ha n ᏺὬ sect ~-kai ♻㈙ఌ a celebration shūhen adj ࿔㎮ circumference, shukujitsu n ♻᪝ national holiday shū-kuríimu n ࢨ࣭ࣖࢠ࣭࣑ࣛ a environs, surroundings (= shüi ࿔ᅑ): tóshi no ~ 㒌ᕰࡡ࿔㎮ out- cream puff, an éclair skirts (of city); ~ no … ࿔㎮ࡡ… shuku-saijitsu n ♻⚅᪝ → shukujitsu ♻᪝ the surrounding … shū´i n ࿔ᅑ circumference; shukuten n ♻඼ celebration cersurroundings (= shühen ࿔㎮) emony shuin n ᡥῐ [BOOKISH] masturbation shū´kyō n ᏺᩅ religion shūji n ⩞Ꮚ calligraphy shūmai n ࢨ࣭࣏ࣖ࢕ pork meat-



(handwriting) practice



balls steamed in thin pastry



shújin n ୹ெ 1. husband; go-~ shúmi n ㉻࿝ taste, interest, liking, ࡇ୹ெ your husband 2. master, hobby (= hobii ࣌ࣄ࣭) shumoku n ⛸┘ 1. item: eigyø-~ owner, landlord, boss, host shúju (no) adj ⛸ࠍࡡ all kinds ႜᴏ⛸┘ item of business 2. of (= samazama (na) ᵕࠍ࡝ , (competition) event: rikujø iroiro (na) Ⰵࠍ࡝ , iron na ࠷ kyøgi-~ 㝛୕❿ᢇ⛸┘ events in ࢀࢆ࡝) athletics (track and field) shújutsu n ᡥ⾙ surgical operation, shunbun n ᫋ฦ vernal equinox: ~-no-hí ᫋ฦࡡ᪝ Vernal Equinox surgery shūkaku n ཭✥ harvest, crop Day



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shunkan



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



shunkan n █㛣 a moment, an instant: tsugi no ~ ḗࡡ█㛣 next



garbage truck 2. collection (as one’s hobby, for research, etc.) shussei n ฝ⏍ [BOOKISH] birth (= moment shūnyū n ཭ථ earnings, income: umare ⏍ࡱࡿ): ~-chi ฝ⏍ᆀ ~-ínshi ཭ථ༰⣤ tax (revenue) (one’s) birthplace shusseki n ฝᖆ attendance, stamp (= inshi ༰⣤) shuppan n ฝ∟ publishing; shuppresence (= sanka ཤຊ) pán-butsu n ฝ∟∸ publication(s); shusshin n ฝ㌗ alumnus (of …); shuppán-sha n ฝ∟♣ publishing coming (from …): ~-chi ฝ㌗ᆀ company (one’s) hometown shuppatsu n ฝⓆ departure; ~-ten shúsu n ⧛Ꮔ satin ฝⓆⅤ point of departure shutchō n ฝᘿ business trip shuppin n ฝဗ exhibit(ing): ~-sha shūten n ⤂Ⅴ terminus, end of the ฝဗ⩽ exhibitor line, last stop, destination shū´ri n ಞ⌦ repair; shūrí-kō n ಞ shutó n 㤫㒌 capital city; shutó-ken ⌦ᕝ repairman, mechanic n 㤫㒌ᅥ Tokyo metropolitan shūrō n ᑯຘ [BOOKISH] work (for area → kantō-chihō 㛭᮶ᆀ᪁ shūtome n ጜ common spoken company, etc.) shúrui n ⛸㢦 type, sort, kind, term for one’s mother-in-low shuyō (na) adj ୹こ࡝ leading, variety shū´shi n ಞኃ master’s degree: chief; ~-tóshi ୹こ㒌ᕰ major ~-gø ಞኃྒ master’s degree city shūshí n ⤂Ḿ [BOOKISH] ending shūzen n ಞ⧃ [BOOKISH] repair si… → shi… (= oshimai ࠽ࡊࡱ࠷); shūshí-fu n ⤂Ḿ➚ [BOOKISH] period, full sō´ n ൒ Buddhist priest (= søryo ൒౵, obø-san ࠽ᆎࡈࢆ) stop (punctuation) shū´shin n ಞ㌗ ethics, morals sō´ interj ࡐ࠹ [hearsay]: … (suru, shū´shin n ⤂㌗ all one’s life (= shita; dá, dátta), sø´ (desu, da/ isshø(-gai) ୌ⏍ᾥ , shøgai ⏍ᾥ, na, de, ni) …ࡌࡾ, ࡊࡒ; ࡓ, ࡓ shüsei ⤂⏍); shū´shin-kei n ⤂㌗ฬ ࡖࡒ , ࡐ࠹࡚ࡌ, ࡓ࡝, ࡚, ࡞ life imprisonment; shū´shin-koyō n it is reported (said/written) that, I ⤂㌗㞘⏕ lifetime employment hear that, they say that … shushō n 㤫┞ prime minister …-sō suffix …ࡐ࠹, …-sø´ …ࡐ࠹: shūshoku n ᑯ⫃ getting a job, shisø (désu, dá/na, dé, ní) ࡊࡐ࠹ ࡚ࡌ,ࡓ࡝, ࡚, ࡞ looking (as finding employment shūshū n ཭㞗 1. collecting (trash, though), about to (happen); will etc.): gomi-shü-~ ࢥ࣐཭㞗㌬ at any moment; abuna-~ (désu, ni 258



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sōi



miemásu) ༱࡝ࡐ࠹࡚ࡌ, ࡞ず sōdan n ┞ㄧ talk, conference ࠻ࡱࡌ looks dangerous, jøbu-~ (personal), consultation, advice: níwa miemasén ୓ኰࡐ࠹࡞ࡢず ~-aite ┞ㄧ┞ᡥ someone to turn ࠻ࡱࡎࢆ doesn’t look sturdy to for advice …-sō suffix …⯲ (counts ships/ sodatemásu, sodatéru v ⫩࡙ࡱࡌ, ⫩࡙ࡾ raises, rears, educates boats; commonly replaced by …-seki …㞐) sodate-no-oyá n ⫩࡙ࡡの a foster sóba n ࡐࡣ࣬ഁ near/close(-by), parent sode n ⾿࣬ࡐ࡚ sleeve (→ naga(be-)side sode 㛏⾿) sóba n ࡐࡣ࣬ࢮࣁ࣬ⶻ㯇 buckwheat noodles; sobá-ya n ࡐࡣ>ⶻ sō´ (desu) v ࡐ࠹࡚ࡌ That’s 㯇@ᒁ Japanese noodle shop right, yes; Sō´desu ka. ࡐ࠹࡚ࡌ࠾. sōbetsu n ㏞ื farewell; send-off; 1. Oh? How interesting! 2. Is ~-kai ㏞ืఌ farewell party that right/so?; Sō´desu ne. ࡐ࠹࡚ ࡌࡠ. Well, now; Let me see. (reception) sobiemásu, sobiéru v ࡐࡦ࠻ࡱࡌ sō´dō n 㥹ິ unrest, disturbance, ࡐࡦ࠻ࡾ rises, looms tumult, strife; riot: oie-~ ࠽ᐓ㥹 sóbo n ♵ẍ grandmother [FORMAL] ິ family trouble (= obå´-san ࠽ࡣ࠵ࡈࢆ࣬࠽♵ẍ soemásu, soeru v ῟࠻ࡱࡌ, ῟࠻ࡾ ࡈࢆ, obå-chan ࠽ࡣ࠵ࡔࡶࢆ) adds, throws in extra, attaches soboku na adj ⣪ᮌ࡝ simple, naive sófu n ♵∏ grandfather [FORMAL] soboro n ࡐ࡯ࢀ࣬ࢮ࣍ࣞ parched (= ojii´-san ࠽ࡋ࠷ࡈࢆ࣬࠽♵∏ ࡈࢆ, ojii-chan ࠽ࡋ࠷ࡔࡶࢆ) minced fish; fish meal sō´chi n ⿞⨠ equipment, apparatus sofuto(wéa) n ࢮࣆࢹࢗ࢘࢓ sochira pron ࡐࡔࡼ 1. there, that (computer) software way 2. that one (of two) 3. you; sōgan-kyō n ཫ╉㙶 binoculars sochira-gawa n ࡐࡔࡼഁ your side sōgi-ya n ⴷൢᒁ undertaker sō´dā n ࢮ࣭ࢱ࣭ soda water (funeral director) sō da v ࡐ࠹ࡓ = sø´ desu ࡐ࠹࡚ sōgō n ⥪ྙ synthesis; sōgō-teki (na) ࡌ that’s right, yes adj ⥪ྙⓏ࡝ composite, comsodachí n ⫩ࡔ growing up, one’s prehensive, overall, synthesized early years: ~ ga yoi/warui ࠽⫩ sō´go no adj ┞பࡡ mutual, ࡔ࠿Ⰳ࠷ᝇ࠷well-bred/ill-bred reciprocal; sō´go ni adv ┞ப࡞ sodachimásu, sodátsu v ⫩ࡔࡱࡌ, mutually, reciprocally (= otagai ⫩ࡗ grows up, is raised (reared) ni ࠽ப࠷࡞) sōdai na adj ኅኬ࡝ magnificent, sōi n ┞㐢>┞␏@ discrepancy, grand difference: … ni ~ nai ࡞┞㐢



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soimásu, sou



>┞␏@࡝࠷ must be … [VERBS INFINITIVE +] fails in soimásu, sou v Ἒ࠷ࡱࡌ, Ἒ࠹ runs doing; yari-~ ࡷࡽ᥾࡝࠷ࡱࡌ



along, follows



botches, misses



soitsu pron ࡐ࠷ࡗ that damn one; ~-ra ࡐ࠷ࡗࡼ those damn ones sō´ ja nái to adv [INFORMAL] ࡐ࠹ࡋ ࡶ࡝࠷࡛ = sø de naito ࡐ࠹࡚࡝ ࠷࡛, sø´ ja nákereba ࡐ࠹ࡋࡶ ࡝ࡄࡿࡣ= sø de nakereba ࡐ࠹ ࡚࡝ࡄࡿࡣ otherwise sōji n ᤪ㝎 cleaning, sweeping (= ~ ΰᤪ): nenmatsu no øsøji ᖳᮆ ࡡኬᤪ㝎 year-end cleaning; sōjíki n ᤪ㝎ᶭ a sweeper sōjū n ᧧⦢ handling, operation sōkei n ⥪゛ [BOOKISH] the grand total (= gøkei ྙ゛) sokétto n ࢮࢢࢴࢹ socket, plug sōkin n ㏞㔘 remittance sokki n ㏷エ shorthand sokkō-jó n ῼುᡜ weather



observatory/station



…-sokú suffix …㊂ (counts pairs



of footwear) sókudo n ㏷ᗐ speed (= supiido ࢪ ࣅ࣭ࢺ); “Sókudo otóse” ㏷ᗐⴘ ࡛ࡎ Reduce Speed. sokutatsu n ㏷㐡 special delivery,



express sómatsu na adj ⢊ᮆ࡝ crude, coarse; o-sómatsu-sama ࠽⢊ᮆ ࡈࡱ Please excuse the poor fare (reply to gochisø-sama ࡇ㤽㉦ࡈ ࡱ࣬ࡇࡔࡐ࠹ࡈࡱ) somemásu, someru v ᯹ࡴࡱࡌ, ᯹ ࡴࡾ dyes sō´men n ࡐ࠹ࡴࢆ࣬⣪㯕 thin



white wheat-flour noodles somukimásu, somúku v ⫴ࡀࡱࡌ, ⫴ࡂ; ( … ni) ~ …࡞ ⫴ࡀࡱࡌ



disobeys, goes against, violates;



sokkúri adj ࡐࡖࡂࡽ entirety, rebels, revolts completely: ~ (no) ࡐࡖࡂࡽࡡ Sōmu-shō n ⥪ຸ┤ Ministry of



just like sókkusu n ࢮࢴࢠࢪ anklets, socks soko pron ࡐࡆ there, that place soko n ᗇ bottom: umi no ~ ᾇࡡ ᗇ bottom of the ocean (= kaitei ᾇᗇ); kokoro no ~ ᚨࡡᗇ bottom of one’s heart; soko-mame n ᗇࡱࡴ bunion, corn, blister sō´ko n ಲᗔ warehouse sókoku n ♵ᅗ homeland, mother country (= bokoku ẍᅗ) sokonaimásu, sokonáu v ᥾࡝࠷ࡱࡌ, ᥾࡝࠹ harms, injures, hurts;



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Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC) són n ᥾ damage, loss; disadvantage: ~-toku kanjø ᥾ᚋືᏽ profit-and-loss arithmetic: son’eki-keisan-sho ᥾─゛⟤᭡



profit and loss statement (P/L) sonáé n ങ࠻ preparations, provi-



sions; defenses sonaemásu, sonáéru v ങ࠻ࡱࡌ, ങ࠻ࡾ prepares, fixes, installs,



furnishes; possesses sōnan n 㐴㞬 disaster, accident,



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sorí



shipwreck, train wreck sóra n ✭ sky songai n ᥾ᐐ damage, harm, loss sóra de adv ࡐࡼ࡚ by heart, from sonkei n ᑕᩏ respect, esteem: memory ~-suru-hito ᑕᩏࡌࡾெ someone sorashimásu, sorásu v 㐋ࡼࡊࡱࡌ, 㐋ࡼࡌ 1. dodges, turns aside that one respects sonna … adj [INFORMAL] ࡐࢆ࡝… 2. warps it sore pron ࡐࡿ that one, it; sore dátte such (a) …, that kind of …: ~ ni ࡐࢆ࡝࡞ to that extent, that adv, conj [INFORMAL] ࡐࡿࡓࡖ࡙ much, so (very/much) = sore démo ࡐࡿ࡚ࡵ still, yet, sonnára adv [INFORMAL] ࡐࢆ࡝ࡼ even so; sore de conj ࡐࡿ࡚ and then, in that case ([FORMAL] sore (then/so/also); sore démo conj ࡐࡿ nára ࡐࡿ࡝ࡼ) ࡚ࡵ still, yet, even so; sore hodo sono … adj ࡐࡡ … that; ~ áto ࡐ conj ࡐࡿ࡮࡜ to that extent, so; sore kara conj ࡐࡿ࠾ࡼ and (then); ࡡᚃ, ~-go ࡐࡡᚃ since then; sonó-hoka n ࡐࡡ௙>አ@ and othafter that, since then; sore máde ers; sonó-ta n ࡐࡡ௙ [BOOKISH] conj ࡐࡿࡱ࡚ until then; sore náno and others (= sonó-hoka ࡐࡡ௙ ni conj ࡐࡿ࡝ࡡ࡞ nevertheless, >አ@); sono-tókí n, adv ࡐࡡ᫤ at nonetheless, and yet; sore nára conj that time; sono-uchi adv ࡐࡡ࠹ࡔ ࡐࡿ࡝ࡼ then, in that case; sore ni conj ࡐࡿ࡞ on top of that, soon, before long, sometime in the future; sono-ue´ ni adv ࡐࡡ࠹ moreover, in addition, plus; soré࠻࡞ moreover, also, besides; sono- ra pron ࡐࡿࡼ those, they/them koro (wa) adv ࡐࡡ㡥ࡢ (at) that sore dé wa conj ࡐࡿ࡚ࡢ, [INFORMAL] sore ja/jå ࡐࡿࡋࡶࡋࡶ࠵ time, then, (in) those days; sore jíshin/jítai n ࡐࡿ⮤㌗⮤మ itself well, well now/then; in that event: … sono-mónó adv …ࡐࡡࡵࡡ (in) ~ shitsúrei shimásu ࡐࡿ࡚ࡢ኶ ♡ࡊࡱࡌ excuse me but I’ll be itself, the very … són-shimásu, són-suru v ᥾ࡊࡱࡌ, on my way; good-bye ᥾ࡌࡾ = són o suru ᥾ࢅࡌࡾ soremásu, soréru v 㐋ࡿࡱࡌ, 㐋ࡿ ࡾ deviates, strays, digresses loses, suffers a loss sonshitsu n ᥾኶ a loss (= son ᥾, sore-tómo conj ࡐࡿ࡛ࡵ or else rosu ࣞࢪ) sore wa sore wa interj ࡐࡿࡢࡐࡿ ࡢ My my! My goodness! sonzai n Ꮛᅹ existence; being/ person (in existence), personage, sorézóre adv ࡐࡿࡑࡿ respectively, severally (= onoono ࠽ࡡ࠽ࡡ figure sō-on n 㥹㡚 noise ࣬྘ࠍ) sóppa n ཬࡖṉ bucktooth sorí n ࡐࡽ࣬ཬࡽ a warp, curve, bend 261



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sorí



sorí n ࡐࡽ้࣬ࡽ shaving sóri n ࡐࡽ࣬ࢮࣛ sled sōri-dáijin n ⥪⌦ኬ⮟ prime



soshite conj ࡐࡊ࡙, søshite ࡐ࠹ ࡊ࡙ and then soshō n セガ lawsuit sōshoku n ⿞㣥 ornament, decoration sosogimásu, sosogu v Ἰࡁࡱࡌ, Ἰ ࡃ pours (into) sō´su n ࢮ࣭ࢪ sauce, gravy sotchí pron [INFORMAL] ࡐࡖࡔ = sochira ࡐࡔࡼ (there, that way;



minister sorimásu, sóru v ้ࡽࡱࡌ, ้ࡾ



shaves sorimásu, sóru v ཬࡽࡱࡌ, ཬࡾ



bends (back), warps



sōritsu n ๭❟ establishment soroban n ࡐࢀࡣࢆ࣬⟤┑ abacus, that one (of two); you) sotchoku (na) adj ⋙├࡝ frank counting beads soróé ᥖ࠻ n an array sóto n አ outside, outdoors soroemásu, soroéru v ᥖ࠻ࡱࡌ, sōtō (na) adv, adj ┞ᙔ࡝ 1. quite, ᥖ࠻ࡾ puts in order; collects; rather, fairly 2. suitable, proper soto-bori n አᇷ outer moat completes a set soróí n ᥖ࠷ n a set (of …) soto-gawa n አഁ the outside: ~ (no) sōron n ணㄵ quarrel, dispute አഁࡡ external sōron n ⥪ㄵ general remarks, sotsugyō n ༛ᴏ graduation; sotsugyō´-sei n ༛ᴏ⏍ a graduate; outline, introduction sórosoro adv ࡐࢀࡐࢀ (leave) sotsugyō´-shiki n ༛ᴏᘟ commence-



before long, it is about time to



ment, graduation ceremony



sō´(ryo) n ൒౵ Buddhist priest sō-ryō´ji n ⥪㡷஥ consul general sō´sa n ᧧ష operation, handling sōsaku n ๭ష creation sōsaku n ᤒ⣬ search, investigation: ~-negai ᤒ⣬㢢࠷ an applica-



Sóuru n ࢮࢗࣜ Seoul sō yū (sō iu)… adj [INFORMAL] ࡐ࠹ ࡹ࠹ࡐ࠹࠷࠹ …that kind/sort of …; such … (= sonna ࡐࢆ࡝) sōzō n ᝷ാ imagination sōzōshíi adj 㥹ࠍࡊ࠷ noisy tion to the police to search for (a su n ᕛ nest missing person); kataku-~ ᐓᏩ sú n 㓉 vinegar; sú-no-mono n 㓉ࡡ ᤒ⣬ house search; ~-tai ᤒ⣬㝪 ∸ vinegared dishes; sú-buta n 㓉 ㇔ sweet and sour pork search party sō´sē´ji n ࢮ࣭ࢬ࣭ࢩ sausage sū´ n ᩐ number (= kázu ᩐ); sū-gaku n ᩐᏕ mathematics (= sansü ⟤ sósen n ♵඙ ancestor (= senzo ඙♵) ᩐ); ~-sha ᩐᏕ⩽ mathematician; sóshiki n ⤄⧂ system, structure, ū-ji n ᩐᏊ numeral, figure (= kazu ᩐ) setup, organization sōshiki n ⴷᘟ funeral sū´-… prefix ᩐ several; sū´-jitsu



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n, adv ᩐ᪝ several days; sū´-nen n, adv ᩐᖳ several years; sū´-nin n ᩐெ several people subarashíi adj ࡌࡣࡼࡊ࠷࣬⣪ᬍ ࡊ࠷ wonderful, splendid;



suidō



sugi n ᮙ cryptomeria, Japanese



cedar …-sugi suffix …㐛ࡁ past (the



hour)



sugimásu, sugíru v 㐛ࡁࡱࡌ, 㐛ࡁࡾ subaráshiku ࡌࡣࡼࡊࡂ࣬⣪ᬍ passes, exceeds; (shi-)sugimásu ࡼࡊࡂ splendidly ࡊ 㐛ࡁࡱࡌ overdoes: adj ... subekkói adj ࡌ࡬ࡖࡆ࠷ [INFORMAL] sugimásu 㐛ࡁࡱࡌ is overly/



slippery, slick, smooth suberí-dai n ࡌ࡬ࡽྋ࣬⁝ࡽྋ a



excessively/too sugói adj ࡌࡇ࠷࣬෴࠷ 1. swell,



slippery slide



wonderful, marvelous, terrific suberimásu, subéru v ⁝ࡽࡱࡌ, ⁝ࡾ 2. fierce, dreadful, ghastly, weird, slides, slips, skates uncanny sube-sube (no) adj ࡌ࡬ࡌ࡬ࡡ súgóku adv ࡌࡇࡂ࣬෴ࡂ awfully, [INFORMAL] smooth, slippery terribly súbete n, adv ࡌ࡬࡙ all sugoshimásu, sugósu v 㐛ࡇࡊࡱࡌ, suchuwā´desu n ࢪࢲ࣭ࣖ࣠ࢸࢪ 㐛ࡇࡌ passes (time) súgu (ni) adv ࡌࡃ࡞ at once, stewardess suchuwā´do n ࢪࢲ࣭ࣖ࣠ࢺ steward right away, immediately; in a sudare n ࡌࡓࡿ࣬⡐ curtain minute; directly, right (there) sugureteimásu, suguréru v ඁࡿ࡙࠷ (bamboo) sude n ⣪ᡥ bare hands ࡱࡌ, ඁࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ excels: (… ni/ súde ni adv ࡌ࡚࡞࣬᪜࡞ already yóri) ~ …࡞ࡻࡽ ඁࡿ࡙࠷ࡱ ࡌ surpasses, is superior (to) is (= mø´ ࡵ࠹) sue n 1. ᮆ end, close 2. ᮆ future excellent; sugúreta … ඁࡿࡒ… (= shørai ᑑᮮ): … no yuku-~ excellent … ࡡ⾔ࡂᮆ one’s future: súgu sóba (ni) adv ࡌࡃࡐࡣ࡞ yuku-~ wa ⾔ࡂᮆࡢ in the future right near (at hand) suemásu, sueru v ᤛ࠻ࡱࡌ, ᤛ࠻ࡾ suichoku (no) adj ᆱ├ࡡ vertical; sets it up perpendicular suemásu, sueru v ྺ࠻ࡱࡌ, ྺ࠻ࡾ suidō n Ề㐠 water system, water can sip (suck, smoke) service, running water; plumbing; suemásu, suéru v ࡌ࠻ࡱࡌ, ࡌ࠻ࡾ suidō-kan n Ề㐠⟮ water pipe; suidō´-kyoku n Ề㐠ᑻ the Waterit spoils, goes bad súgata n ጶ form, figure, shape: works Bureau; municipal water hare-~ ᬍࡿጶ one in his/her service (headquarters); suidō-ya (san) n Ề㐠ᒁࡈࢆ plumber Sunday best 263



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suiei



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



suiei n Ềὃ swimming; ~-jø Ềὃ ሔ swimming pool; suiéi-gí n Ềὃ ╌ swimsuit (= mizuki Ề╌) súifu n Ềኰ seaman, sailor súihei n Ềඹ navy enlisted person,



suisen n Ềὑ flushing: ~-tóire Ề ὑࢹ࢕ࣝ flush toilet suisen n ᥆ⷸ recommendation; suisen-jō n ᥆ⷸ≟ letter of



sailor, seaman suihei (no) adj Ềᖲࡡ horizontal, level: ~-sen Ềᖲ⥲ (sea) horizon suii n Ềన water level suijun n Ề‵ 1. water level 2. standard suika n ࢪ࢕࢜࣬け⎡ watermelon



súiso n Ề⣪ hydrogen suisō n Ềᵬ water tank suisoku n ᥆ῼ conjecture, guess,



recommendation



surmisal, supposition



Súisu n ࢪ࢕ࢪ Switzerland; Suisújin n ࢪ࢕ࢪெ a Swiss suítchi n ࢪ࢕ࢴࢲ switch; ignition Sui, Kin, Chi, Ka, Moku, Do, Ten, Kai Ề switch: ~ o iremásu ࢪ࢕ࢴࢲࢅ 㔘ᆀℾᮄᅰኮᾇ  Ề᫅ࠉ㔘᫅ࠉ ථࡿࡱࡌ turns/switches it on, ᆀ⌣ࠉℾ᫅ࠉᮄ᫅ࠉᅰ᫅ࠉኮ turns on the ignition ⋜᫅ࠉᾇ⋜᫅ Mercury, Venus, suitei n ᥆ᏽ inference, presump-



Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, tion, estimation Uranus, Neptune (eight planets suitō-gákari n ฝ⣙౿ cashier suitorí-gami n ྺ࠷ཱིࡽ⣤ blotter in the solar system) suimásu, sū v ྺ࠷ࡱࡌ, ྺ࠹ sips, Suiyō´(bi) n Ề᭑᪝ Wednesday suizókúkan n Ề᪐㤃 aquarium sucks, smokes, breathes in suimasén interj ࡌ࠷ࡱࡎࢆ. súji n ➵ tendon, muscle, fiber, [INFORMAL] 1. Excuse me. Sorry. line: ao-~ o tatete okorimásu 2. Thank you. (= sumimasén ࡌࡲ 㟯➵ࢅ❟࡙࡙ᛛࡽࡱࡌ turns ࡱࡎࢆ) purple with rage suimin n ╟┸ sleep; ~-zai ╟┸๠, …súji suffix ➵ plot: arasuji ~-yaku ╟┸ⷾ sleeping pill(s) ࠵ࡼࡌࡋ summary, outline, sui-mono n ྺ࠷∸ clear soup synopsis sui-sei adj Ềᛮ water-based: sukā´fu n ࢪ࣭࢜ࣆ scarf; (military) ~-inku Ềᛮ࢕ࣤࢠ water based sash sukā´to n ࢪ࣭࢜ࢹ skirt ink: ~-toryø Ềᛮሧᩩ water sukébē (na) adj ຐᖲ࡝ ࣬ࡌࡄ࡬ based paint sui-sei adj Ề⏍ aquatic: ~-døbutsu ࠻࡝ ࣬ࢪࢢ࣊࡝ lecherous; Ề⏍ິ∸ aquatic animal lewd Sui-sei n ᙗ᫅ comet: Harë-~ ࣀࣝ sukē´to n ࢪࢢ࣭ࢹ skate(s); ࣭ᙗ᫅ Halley’s comet skating: ~-bødo ࢪࢢ࣭ࢹ࣭࣍ࢺ Sui-sei n Ề᫅ Mercury skate board: ~-gutsu ࢪࢢ࣭ࢹ㠈 264



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(a pair of) skates suki n ࡌࡀ࣬㏩ࡀ crack; opening; opportunity (= suki-ma ࡌࡀ㛣࣬ ㏩ࡀ㛣࣬㝵㛣) sukí (na) adj ይࡀ࡝ one’s favorite sukídesu, sukida v ይࡀ࡚ࡌ, ይࡀࡓ likes sukíi n ࢪ࣭࢞ ski, skiing suki-ma n ࡌࡀ㛣࣬㏩ࡀ㛣࣬㝵㛣 crack; opening; opportunity sukimásu, suku v ✭ࡀࡱࡌ, ✭ࡂ gets empty/clear sukimásu, suku v 㗗ࡀࡱࡌ, 㗗ࡂ plows sukimásu, suku v ࡌࡀ>᲏ࡀ@ࡱࡌ, ࡌࡂ࣬᲏ࡂ combs sukimásu, súku v ይࡀࡱࡌ, ይࡂ → sukídesu, sukida ይࡀ࡚ࡌ, ይ



sumimasén



sukunái adj ᑛ࡝࠷ few, meager,



scarce, little sukúnáku adv ᑛ࡝ࡂ (so as to be)



few, little sukúnáku-tomo adv ᑛ࡝ࡂ࡛ࡵ at



(the) least sukuranburu-éggu n ࢪࢠࣚࣤࣇࣜ ࢙ࢴࢡ scrambled eggs sukuríin n ࢪࢠ࣭ࣛࣤ (movie)



screen sukuwatto n ࢪࢠ࣠ࢴࢹ squat



(bending and stretching exercises, power lifting, etc.) sukyándaru n ࢪ࢞ࣔࣤࢱࣜ scandal súmái n పࡱ࠷ residence sumánai, sumimasén v, interj ࡌࡱ࡝ ࠷, ࡌࡲࡱࡎࢆ 1. it never ends 2. Thank you 3. Excuse me ࡀࡓ 4. I apologize (for what I did). sukimu-míruku n ࢪ࣑࣐࢞ࣜࢠ sumasemásu, sumaséru v ῥࡱࡎࡱࡌ, ῥࡱࡎࡾ finishes, concludes it skim milk sukiyaki n ࡌࡀ↕ࡀ࣬ࡌࡀࡷࡀ sumashimásu, sumásu v ῥࡱࡊࡱࡌ, ῥࡱࡌ 1. finishes, concludes it thin-sliced beef cooked in an iron pan (with leeks, mushrooms, 2. puts up with (things as they are) bean curd, etc.) sukkári adv ࡌࡖ࠾ࡽ completely, all sumā´to (na) adj ࢪ࣏࣭ࢹ࡝ sukóshi adv ᑛࡊ a little, a bit: ~ smart, stylish, fashionable (no) ᑛࡊࡡ some, a few; some sumātofon n ࢪ࣏࣭ࢹࣆ࢚ࣤ -what; ~ mo ᑛࡊࡵ [+ NEGATIVE] smartphone (multifunctional not in the least; ~-zútsu ᑛࡊࡍࡗ mobile phone) súmi n 㝦 an inside corner bit by bit, a little at a time, gradually sumí n ⅛ charcoal sukuimásu, sukū v ᨾ࠷ࡱࡌ, ᨾ࠹ sumí n ቕ India ink, ink stick; sumí-e n ቕ⤦ Indian ink painting helps, rescues, saves sukuimásu, sukū v ࡌࡂ>᥊࠷@࠷ࡱ sumimasén v ࡌࡲࡱࡎࢆ 1. Excuse ࡌ, ࡌࡂ࠹࣬᥊࠹ scoops me. 2. Sorry. 3. Thank you. 265



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sumimásu, súmu



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



sumimásu, súmu v 済みます, 済む



guage); Supeín-jín n スペイン人 comes to an end Spaniard, a Spanish person sumimásu, súmu v 住みます, 住む supéru n スペル spell (= tsuzuri lives, takes up residence, resides つづり・綴り) sumire n スミレ・薫 violet supēsu n スペース 1. space (= sumō n 相撲・すもう Japanese kükan 空間) 2. blank (= kühaku wrestling, sumo 空白) sumomo n スモモ・李 plum supíido n スピード speed: kokusai sumō´-tóri n 相撲取り a sumo -~-yübin 国際スピード郵便 wrestler EMS (Express Mail Service) …-sún suffix …寸 inch (Japanese) supíikā n スピーカー (loud)speaker suna n 砂 sand; suna-búkuro n 砂袋 suponji n スポンジ sponge; swab: sandbag ~-këki スポンジケーキ sponge sunákku n スナック 1. a snackshop cake 2. an after-hours bar 3. refresh- suponsā n スポンサー 1. sponsor ment; sunakkú-gashi n スナック菓 2. patron 子 munch, snack supō´tsu n スポーツ sport(s), athletics (= undø 運動) súnao (na) adj 素直(な) docile, gentle, obedient, submissive, suppái adj すっぱい[酸っぱい] meek sour, acid: ~-aji すっぱい[酸っ sunáwachi adv すなわち・即ち ぱい]味 sour flavor, sour taste (= namely, to wit; that is to say; in san-mi 酸味) other words suppon n すっぽん・スッポン snapping turtle suné n すね・臑・脛 shin, leg sunpō n 寸法 measurements supponpon n すっぽんぽん sū´pā(mā´ketto) n スーパー(マーケ (INFORMAL, slang) full monty, complete nudity ット) supermarket supái n スパイ spy; supai-wea n ス sū´pu n スープ soup パイウェア spyware (computer) supū´n n スプーン spoon supaisu n スパイス spice surákkusu n スラックス slacks supamu-mēru n スパムメール (= suremásu, suréru v 擦れます, 擦 meiwaku-mëru 迷惑メール), れる 1. it rubs/grazes 2. can rub/ spam mail, e-mail spam graze (Internet) súri n すり・スリ・掏り pick-pocket supána n スパナ wrench suríbachi n すり鉢 earthenware mortar with wooden pestle supein n スペイン Spain; Supeinsuríi n スリ− three go n スペイン語 Spanish (lan266



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suwaremásu, suwareru



surimásu, súru v ᧷ࡽࡱࡌ, ᧷ࡾ



selling things) 2. (= denki ~ 㞹Ẵ ࢪࢰࣤࢺ) desk/floor lamp rubs surimásu, súru v ᦶࡽ>᧟ࡽ@ࡱࡌ, sute v ᤖ࡙ → sutemásu; sute-ba n ᦶࡾ>᧟ࡾ@ files; grinds ᤖ࡙ሔ dump site (= gomi-~ ࡇࡲ surimásu, súru v ใࡽࡱࡌ, ใࡾ ᤖ࡙ሔ ; sute-mi (de) adv ᤖ࡙㌗ ࡚ in desperation prints surimásu, súru v ࡌࡽࡱࡌ, ࡌࡾ suteki (na) adj ࡌ࡙ࡀ>⣪ᩓ@࡝ picks one’s pocket fine, splendid, swell suríppa n ࢪࣛࢴࣂ slippers sutē´ki n ࢪࢷ࣭࢞ (beef) steak: suríppu n ࢪࣛࢴࣈ slip(ping); ~-sando ࢪࢷ࣭࢞ࢦࣤࢺ steak “Surippu-jíko ø´shi” ࢪࣛࢴࣈ஥ sandwich ᨶኣࡊ Slippery (Area) sutékki n ࢪࢷࢴ࢞ walking stick, Suriránka n ࢪࣛࣚࣤ࢜ Sri Lanka cane súríru n ࢪࣛࣜ thrill sutemásu, suteru v ᤖ࡙ࡱࡌ, ᤖ࡙ surō´gan n ࢪ࣭ࣞ࢝ࣤ slogan ࡾ throws away, abandons, dumps surō´ (na) adj ࢪ࣭ࣞ࡝ slow sutereo n ࢪࢷ࢛ࣝ stereo (sound/ surō´pu n ࢪ࣭ࣞࣈ ramp player) surudói adj 㗞࠷ sharp, acute sutēshon n ࢪࢷ࣭ࢨࣘࣤ railroad surume n ࢪ࣒ࣜ dried cuttlefish station (= eki 㥈) sushi n ࡌࡊ࣬ࢪࢨ࣬ᑋྒྷ࣬ sutó n ࢪࢹ = sutoráiki ࢪࢹࣚ࢕ 㩟 sushi (rice seasoned with ࢞ strike (job action) sweetened vinegar with raw fish) sutō´bu n ࢪࢹ࣭ࣇ stove, heater sushí-ya n ᑋྒྷ>㩟@ᒁ a sushi bar sutōkā n ࢪࢹ࣭࣭࢜ stalker suso n ࡌࡐ࣬　 hem sutoráiku n ࢪࢹࣚ࢕ࢠ strike súsu n ࡌࡌ࣬↬ soot (baseball) susumemásu, susumeru v 㐅ࡴࡱࡌ, sutóresu n ࢪࢹࣝࢪ stress, tension: 㐅ࡴࡾ furthers, advances ~-kaishø ࢪࢹࣝࢪゆᾐ stress susumemásu, susumeru v ໅ࡴࡱࡌ, relieving, stress release ໅ࡴࡾ encourages, recommends, sutoretchi n ࢪࢹࣝࢴࢲ stretch advises, counsels; persuades, (exercises) sutoríppu n ࢪࢹࣛࢴࣈ striptease, urges susumimásu, susumu v 㐅ࡲࡱࡌ, strip show, burlesque 㐅ࡳ goes forward, progresses; sutórō n ࢪࢹ࣭ࣞ straw (to drink goes too fast, gets ahead with) sutā n ࢪࢰ࣭ star (actor) sū´tsu n ࢪ࣭ࢵ suit sutajio n ࢪࢰࢩ࢛ studio sūtsukē´su n ࢪ࣭ࢵࢢ࣭ࢪ suitcase sutando n ࢪࢰࣤࢺ 1. stand (for suwaremásu, suwareru v ᗑࡿࡱࡌ, 267



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suwarikomi(-súto)



ᗑࡿࡾ can sit; seats are available suzume n ࢪࢫ࣒࣬㞓 sparrow suwarikomi(-súto) n ᗑࡽ㎰ࡲࢪࢹ suzumé-bachi n ࢪࢫ࣒ࣁࢲ࣬ࢪࢫ ࣒⻇ hornet sit-in (strike) suwarimásu, suwaru v ᗑࡽࡱࡌ, ᗑ suzurí n ࡌࡍࡽ࣬◭ inkstone: ࡾ sits (especially Japanese style) ~-bako ࡌࡍࡽ>◭@⟵ inkstone suzu n ࢪࢫ࣬㕝 little bells case súzu n ࢪࢫ࣬㘇 tin suzushíi adj ᾬࡊ࠷ cool suzuki n ࢪࢫ࢞࣬㫲 sea bass sy… → sh…



T tá n ࡒ࣬௙ = hoka ௙, sono-ta, sono-hoka ࡐࡡ௙ other(s); ta-hō´ n ௙᪁ a different direction, another place: ~ de wa ௙᪁࡚ࡢ on the other hand; tá (ni) adv ௙࡞



tabemásu, tabéru v 㣏࡬ࡱࡌ, 㣏࡬ ࡾ eats (= shokuji o shimásu 㣏 ஥ࢅࡊࡱࡌ tabé-mónó n 㣏࡬∸ food (= shokumotsu 㣏∸) tabesasemásu, tabesaséru v 㣏࡬ࡈ ࡎࡱࡌ, 㣏࡬ࡈࡎࡾ feeds tábi n ࡒࡦ࣬ࢰࣄ࣬㊂⾼ split-toe



to/for/as others, additionally (= hoka (ni) ௙>አ@࡞ ; ta-nin n ௙ெ outsider, stranger; others (people); tá (no) adj ௙ࡡ = hoka socks (no) ௙>አ@ࡡ other; tá-sha n ௙ tabí n ᪉ journey (= ryokø ᪉⾔) ♣ other companies; tá-sha n ௙ tabí n ᗐ࣬ࡒࡦ time, occasion; … ~ (ni) …ᗐ>ࡒࡦ@࡞ every ⩽ [BOOKISH] others (people) (= ta-nin ௙ெ) time that … tá n ⏛ rice field (= tanbo ⏛ࢆ࡯); tabitabi adv ࡒࡦࡒࡦ࣬ᗐࠍ often ta-nbo n ⏛ࢆ࡯ rice field [INFOR- (= shibashiba ࡊࡣࡊࡣ, nandoMAL]; ta-ué n ⏛᳔࠻ rice planting mo రᗐࡵ) …-ta v …ࡒ = …-máshita …ࡱࡊ tabō (na) adj ኣᚹ࡝ [BOOKISH] ࡒ did busy (= isogashíi ᚹࡊ࠷ tába n ᮨ bundle, bunch: satsu-~ tábu n ࢰࣇ a tab ᮈᮨ bundle of bills tabū n ࢰࣇ࣭ taboo (= kinki ⚏ᚯ, tabako n ࢰࣁࢤ࣬↦ⲙ tobacco; go-hatto ࡇἪᗐ) cigarettes (= shigaretto ࢨ࢝ࣝࢴ tábun adv ࡒࡩࢆ࣬ኣฦ probably, ࢹ); tabakó-ire n ࢰࣁࢤ>↦ⲙ@ථࡿ likely; perhaps, maybe (~ … deshø´ ࡒࡩࢆ …࡚ࡊࡺ࠹, ~ … cigarette case tā´ban n ࢰ࣭ࣁࣤ turban ká mo shiremasén ࡒࡩࢆ …࠾ 268



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tāgetto



ࡵ▩ࡿࡱࡎࢆ tabun (ni) adv ኣฦ࡞ [BOOKISH]



táda n ࡒࡓ free, gratis, no fee/ charge (= muryø ↋ᩩ tádachi ni adv ࡒࡓࡔ࡞ [BOOKISH]



a lot, much taburetto n ࢰࣇࣝࢴࢹ 1. tablet 2. Tablet PC taburoido n ࢰࣇࣞ࢕ࢺ tabloid táchi n ࡒࡔ࣬㈹ nature, disposition …´-tachi suffix …㐡࣬ࡒࡔ [ani-



mate plural]; and others: watashi-~ ࢂࡒࡊ㐡>⚶㐡@ we: anata-~ ࠵࡝ࡒ㐡 you (people): kimi-~ ྦࡒࡔ>㐡@ you guys tachi-agarimásu, tachi-agaru v ❟ࡔ୕ ࠿ࡽࡱࡌ, ❟ࡔ୕࠿ࡾ rises,



stands up tachi-bá n ❟ሔ viewpoint, stand-



point, situation tachi-domarimásu, tachi-domaru v ❟ ࡔḾࡱࡽࡱࡌ, ❟ࡔḾࡱࡾ comes



to a stand “Tachiiri kinshi” n ❟ࡔථࡽ⚏Ḿ.



No Trespassing. Off Limits. tachimachi adv ࡒࡔࡱࡔ immedi-



ately, instantly tachimásu, tátsu v ❟ࡔࡱࡌ, ❟ࡗ stands (up); tachi-bánashi n ❟ࡔ ヨ (wayside) a stand for talking/ chatting; tachi-mi n ❟ࡔず a stand for watching: ~-seki ❟ࡔずᖆ the



gallery, standing room



immediately tadáima adv ࡒࡓ࠷ࡱ just now; in a minute (= tatta-íma ࡒࡖࡒ௑); Tadaima interj ࡒࡓ࠷ࡱ I’m back!,



I’m home! (said on returning to one’s residence) táda (no) adj ࡒࡓࡡ 1. only, just 2. ordinary tádashi conj ఢࡊ provided tadashíi adj ḿࡊ࠷ right; correct; tadáshiku ḿࡊࡂ rightly, correctly tadotadoshii adj ࡒ࡜ࡒ࡜ࡊ࠷ halting, not smooth taema-náku adv ⤧࠻㛣࡝ࡂ continuously, without interruption taemásu, taéru v ሎ࠻ࡱࡌ, ሎ࠻ࡾ bears, puts up with taemásu, taéru v ⤧࠻ࡱࡌ, ⤧࠻ࡾ ceases táezu adv ⤧࠻ࡍ continuously, without interruption (= taemanáku ⤧࠻㛣࡝ࡂ tagá n ࡒ࠿ a barrel hoop tagai (no) adj ப࠷ࡡ mutual,



reciprocal, for each other tagai (ni) adv ப࠷࡞ mutually,



reciprocally, with each other



tachimásu, tátsu v Ⓠࡔࡱࡌ, Ⓠࡗ



tagaku n ኣ㢘 large sum …-tagarimásu, -tagaru suffix, v …ࡒ shuppatsu shimásu ฝⓆࡊࡱࡌ) ࠿ࡽࡱࡌ, …ࡒ࠿ࡾ wants to …, tachimásu, tátsu v ⤊ࡔࡱࡌ, ⤊ࡗ is eager to … tagayashimásu, tagayásu v ⪌ࡊࡱࡌ, elapses tachimásu, tátsu v ᩷ࡔࡱࡌ, ᩷ࡗ ⪌ࡌ plows tāgetto n ࢰ࣭ࢣࢴࢹ object, target [BOOKISH] cuts off



leaves (for a far place) (=



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tagu-bōto



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



tagu-bōto n ࢰࢡ࣭࣍ࢹ tug boat tái n ࢰ࢕࣬㪁 sea bream, red



gluttony (= øgui ኬ㣏࠷); tái-sō adj, adv ࡒ࠷ࡐ࠹࣬ኬᒒ [BOOKISH] snapper very: ~ (na) ࡒ࠷ࡐ࠹࡝ a great Tái n ࢰ࢕ Thailand; Tai-go n ࢰ࢕ many/much ㄊ Thai (language); Tai-jin n ࢰ࢕ …-tái suffix ᖈ belt; zone: anet~ ல⇍ᖈ subtropical zone: anzen ெ a Thai tái n మ form chi-~ Ꮽධᆀᖈ safety zone: kiken tai-… prep ᑊ…, …´-tai …ᑊ versus, chi-~ ༱㝜ᆀᖈ danger zone towards, against; rokú-~ yón ඵᑊ …-tai suffix v …ࡒ࠷ wants to, is ᄿ, 6ᑊ4 4 to 6 (score) eager to; tabe-tai suffix v 㣏࡬ࡒ࠷ tai-… prefix ㏝ leaving, retire; wants to eat; shi-tai suffix v ࡊࡒ tai-gaku n ㏝Ꮥ ① leaving school: ࠷: shi~ hødai ni shimásu ࡊࡒ࠷ chüto-~-sha ୯㏭㏝Ꮥ⩽ a dropᨲ㢗࡞ࡊࡱࡌ does whatever one out ② expulsion from school (= feels like doing [IN NEGATIVE SENSE] ~-shobun ㏝Ꮥฌฦ ); tai-i n taibō (no) adj ᙽ᭻ࡡ long-awaited ㏝న abdication; tai-in n ㏝㝌 taichō n మㄢ (physical condition) leaving the hospital; tai-shoku n tone (= guai රྙ): ~ ga ii/yoi మ ㏝⫃ retirement: ~-kin ㏝⫃㔘 ㄢ࠿࠷࠷Ⰳ࠷ is in good health retirement allowance: ~-nenkin condition; ~ ga warui మㄢ࠿ᝇ ㏝⫃ᖳ㔘 (retirement) pension ࠷ is in poor health condition tai-… prefix ኬ great, large; tai- taidan n ᑊㄧ [BOOKISH] conversabō, tai-mō n ኬ᭻ ambition, great tion between two people, diawillingness (= taishi ኬᚷ); tai-ryō logue; ~-bangumi ᑊㄧ␊⤄ TV n ኬ㔖 large quantity: ~-seisan talk show ኬ㔖⏍⏐ mass production; tai-sa táido n ឺᗐ attitude, disposition, n ኬఫ (army) colonel; (= daisa behavior: ~ ga økii ឺᗐ࠿ኬࡀ࠷ ኬఫ) (navy) captain; tái-sa n ኬ acts big; kudaketa ~ ࡂࡓࡄࡒឺ ᕣ [BOOKISH] a great difference: ~ ᗐ friendly attitude de kachimásu ኬᕣ࡚ົࡔࡱࡌ taifū´ n ྋ㢴 typhoon wins by a wide margin; tai-sen n taigai adv ኬᴣ࣬ࡒ࠷࠿࠷ 1. in ኬᡋ a great war, a world war: general; for the most part; dai-ichi-ji sekai-~ ➠ୌḗୠ⏲ኬ practically (= taitei ࡒ࠷࡙࠷࣬ ᡋ World War I; tai-shi n ኬᚷ ኬᢤ) 2. probably, like(ly), like ambition (= taibø, taimø ኬ᭻); as not tái-shō n ኬᑑ (general) admiral: taigū n ᙽ㐕 1. treatment, recepo-yama no ~ ࠽ᒜࡡኬᑑ king of tion 2. pay, working conditions 3. official position, post the mountain; tai-shoku n ኬ㣏 270



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taiō



taihai-teki (na) adj ㏝ᗣⓏ࡝



taiji n ⫶ඡ fetus, unborn baby,



decadent



embryo



Taihéiyō n ኯᖲὊ Pacific Ocean (→ taiyō ኬὊ) Taiheiyō-sensō n ኯᖲὊᡋண Pacific War taihen adv ࡒ࠷࡫ࢆ࣬ኬን 1. very,



taiji n ㏝἖ extermination: oni-~ 㨛㏝἖ demon extermination taijū n మ㔔 body weight: shinchø to ~ ㌗㛏࡛మ㔔 height and exceedingly, terribly, enormously weight: ~-kei మ㔔゛ scales (= hijø ni 㟸ᖏ࡞): Taihen osewa táika n ኬᐓ authority ni narimáshita. ኬን࠽ୠヨ࡞࡝ táika n ᑊ౮ compensation, conࡽࡱࡊࡒ I owe you a lot., Thank sideration you so much for everything you táika n ㏝໩ degeneration have done for me. 2. laboriously, taikai n ኬఌ mass meeting; conseriously, disastrously: sorewa vention, conference; tournament: (hontø ni) ~ desu ne ࡐࡿࡢᮇ sekai-senshuken-~ ୠ⏲㐽ᡥᶊኬ ᙔ࡞ ኬን࡚ࡌࡠ It must be ఌ world championships taikái n ኬᾇ ocean, high sea (= (really) hard for you. taihen (na) adj ࡒ࠷࡫ࢆ>ኬን@࡝ taiyø ኬὊ) 1. exceeding, enormous: ~ na bijin taikaku n మ᰹ body build, physique desu ኬን࡝⨶ெ࡚ࡌ is very taikei n మ⣌ a system beautiful 2. serious, disastrous, taiken n మ㥺 personal experience taiko n ኯ㰐 (Japanese) drum tough, terrible, difficult: ~ na shigoto desu ኬን࡝௘஥࡚ࡌ is taikō n ᑊᢘ confrontation, tough work opposition; … ni ~ shite …࡞ᑊ taihi n ᑊẒ [BOOKISH] contrast, ᢘࡊ࡙ in opposition to, against,



comparison



in rivalry with



táiho n 㐂ᤍ arrest(ing) taihō n ኬ◑ cannon táii n ኬᑔ captain (army); lieutenant (navy) (= dáii ኬᑔ) taii n ኬណ [BOOKISH] outline, summary, drift: ~ o tsukamimásu ኬ ណࢅࡗ࠾ࡲࡱࡌ catches the drift taii n మన body position, posture (= shisei ጶເ) tái(i)ku n మ⫩ physical education, athletics; tai(i)kú-kan n మ⫩㤃



gymnasium



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taikutsu (na) adj ㏝ᑿ࡝ boring,



dull taiman (na) adj ᛨះ࡝ negligent,



careless, neglectful táimatsu n ࡒ࠷ࡱࡗ࣬ᮿ᪺ torch taimen n ᑊ㟻 interview taimen n మ㟻 one’s dignity, sense of honor, “face”: ~ o tamochimásu మ㟻ࢅಕࡔࡱࡌ keeps up



appearances taiō n ᑊᚺ 1. correspondence, handling 2. equivalent (= søø ┞



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taion



ᚺ): (… ni) ~ shimásu …࡞ ᑊ ᚺࡊࡱࡌ is equivalent (to) taion n మῺ body temperature; ~-kei మῺ゛ (clinical) thermo-



taisei n ឺເ preparedness: ~ ga totonoimásu ឺເ࠿ᩒ࠷ࡱࡌ is



ready



Taiséiyō n ኬけὊ Atlantic Ocean meter (→ taiyō ኬὊ) taipo n ࢰ࢕࣎ typo, typing error taisen n ᑊᡋ match, competition: táipu n ࢰ࢕ࣈ 1. type, style (= ~-aite ᑊᡋ┞ᡥ one’s opponent kata ᆵ): atarashii ~ ᩺ࡊ࠷ࢰ࢕ taisetsu (na) adj ኬว࡝ 1. imporࣈ new type (= shin-gata ᩺ᆵ) tant: ~ na shorui ኬว࡝᭡㢦 2. one’s type 3. typewriting, important documents 2. valuable, typewriter precious: ~ na omoide ኬว࡝ᛦ taipuráitā n ࢰ࢕ࣈࣚ࢕ࢰ࣭ type- ࠷ฝ precious memories taisetsu-ni-shimásu (suru) v ኬว࡞ writer tairagemásu, tairageru v ᖲࡼࡅࡱࡌ, ࡊࡱࡌࡌࡾ cherishes, treats ᖲࡼࡅࡾ [INFORMAL] eats up carefully, gives importance (= taira-gi n ࢰ࢕ࣚ࢟ pin/razor/fan daiji-ni-shimásu ኬ஥࡞ࡊࡱࡌ): kazoku o ~ ᐓ᪐ࢅኬว࡞ࡊࡱࡌ shell (a kind of scallop) taira (na) adj ᖲࡼ࡝ even, flat, gives importance to family táishaku n ㈒ೇ debit and credit, smooth tairiku n ኬ㝛 continent: ~ (no) ኬ lending and borrowing; táishakutaishō hyō n ㈒ೇᑊ↯⾪ balance 㝛ࡡ continental tairitsu n ᑊ❟ confrontation, sheet (B/S) táishi n ኬ౐ ambassador; taishí-kan opposition, antagonism táiru n ࢰ࢕ࣜ tile (floor, wall) n ኬ౐㤃 embassy tai-shimásu, tai-súru v ᑊࡊࡱࡌ, (made of plastic, etc.) tairyoku n మງ stamina: ~ ga ari- ᑊࡌࡾ: (… ni) ~ …࡞ ᑊࡊ másu మງ࠿࠵ࡽࡱࡌ has ࡱࡌ confronts, opposes; … ni tái-shite …࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ ① against; stamina taisei n మโ system: seiji-~ ᨳ἖ toward; as against, as compared మโ political system: kyøiku-~ with, in contrast to ② with respect ᩅ⫩మโ education system to, in regard to taisei n మເ posture (= shisei ጶ tái-shita … adj ࡒ࠷ࡊࡒ࣬ኬࡊࡒ… ເ): ~ o kuzushimásu మເࢅᓻ important; serious; immense ࡊࡱࡌ loses one’s balance taishitsu n మ㈹ (physical) contaisei n ⪇ᛮ tolerance: yakubutsu-~ stitution ⷾ∸⪇ᛮ drug resistance taisho n ᑊฌ handling of matters taisei n ኬເ general situation taishō n ᑊ㇗ object, target



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takimásu, taku



taishō n ᑊ↯ contrast: hikaku-~ táiyō n ኯ㝟 1. sun 2. joy to Ẓ㍉ᑊ↯ comparison and someone; taiyō-enerugii n ኯ㝟࢙ ࢾ࣭ࣜ࢟ solar energy; taiyō-kei n contrast (→ táishaku-taishō-hyō ㈒ ೇᑊ↯⾪) ኯ㝟⣌ solar system; táiyō-kōsen taishō n ᑊ⛘ symmetry: sayü-~ ኯ㝟ක⥲; táiyō no hikari ኯ㝟ࡡක ᕞྎᑊ⛘ bilateral symmetry: … sunshine to ~ o nashimásu  ࡛ᑊ⛘ࢅ࡝ taiyō-nensū n ⪇⏕ᖳᩐ lifespan of ࡊࡱࡌ is symmetrical to … a thing, expected lifetime Táishō-jidai n ኬḿ᫤௥ Taisho taiyō-sei n ⪇⏕ᛮ durability taizai n ⁣ᅹ a stay (away from Period (1912–1926) taishū n మ⮧ body odor (BO) home), a sojourn: ~-saki ⁣ᅹ඙ taishū n ኬ⾏ the general public, place of sojourn taka n ࢰ࢜࣬㮒 hawk; taka no the masses: ~ (no) ኬ⾏ࡡ tsume n ࢰ࢜ࢿࢵ࣒࣬㮒ࡡ∆ red popular, mass taisō n మ᧧ calisthenics, physical pepper táká n 㧏 quantity: ~ ga shireteiexercises taitei adv ࡒ࠷࡙࠷࣬ኬᢤ usually: másu 㧏࠿▩ࡿ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ is ~ no … ࡒ࠷࡙࠷ࡡ … the usual limited, not amount to a hill of



…, most …



beans



taitō (no) adj ᑊ➴ࡡ equal,



takaga adj ࡒ࠾࠿ no(thing) more



equivalent



than



táitoru n ࢰ࢕ࢹࣜ 1. title (= hyødai ⾪㢗) 2. title, championship: ~matchi ࢰ࢕ࢹ࣏ࣜࢴࢲ title match 3. caption, subtitle (= jimaku Ꮚᖞ) taiwa n ᑊヨ conversation, dialogue Taiwán n ྋ‬ Taiwan; Taiwanjín ྋ‬ெ a Taiwanese taiya n ࢰ࢕ࣕ a tire: kuruma no ~ ㌬ࡡࢰ࢕ࣕ car tires taiyō n ኬὊ ocean: go-~ ஫ኬὊ



takái adj 㧏࠷ high, tall; costly,



expensive; loud takará n ᐀ a treasure (= takaramono ᐀∸); takará-kuji n ᐀ࡂࡋ lottery; takara-mono n ᐀∸ a



treasure



tákasa n 㧏ࡈ height (= kødo 㧏ᗐ) take n ➁ bamboo; take-fū´rin n ➁ 㢴㕝 bamboo wind-chimes take n ࢰࢢ࣬Ⲏ (compounds/diafive oceans (Pacific Ocean, lect) mushroom (= kínoko ࢞ࢿࢤ Indian Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, taki n ⁢ waterfall Arctic Ocean, Antarctic Ocean) takigi n ࡒࡀࡁ࣬ⷼ firewood, fuel taiyō n ኬこ summary (= gaiyø ᴣ takimásu, taku v ↇࡀࡱࡌ, ↇࡂ こ, yøyaku こ⣑, samarii ࢦ࣏ makes a fire; taki-bi n ↇࡀℾ bon࣭ࣛ) fire; taki-tsuke n ↇࡀ௛ࡄ kindling



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takimásu, taku



takimásu, taku v ⅍ࡀࡱࡌ, ⅍ࡂ cooks; burns it; takikomi-góhan n ⅍ࡀ㎰ࡲࡇ㣜 a rice dish with



seasonal ingredients added takishiido n ࢰ࢞ࢨ࣭ࢺ tuxedo takkuru n ࢰࢴࢠࣜ tackle táko n ࢰࢤ octopus; tako-yaki n ࡒࡆ↕ࡀ griddled dumplings



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



ally, on purpose, with forethought 2. (… to takuránde) …࡛௺ࢆ࡚ in collusion/cahoots with … takusán (no) adj ࡒࡂࡈࢆ>Ἁᒜ@ ࡡ lots (of), much/many, a lot (of) tákushii n ࢰࢠࢨ࣭ taxi: ~ (no) untenshu ࢰࢠࢨ࣭ࡡ 㐘㌷



ᡥ taxi driver: ~-dai ࢰࢠࢨ࣭௥ with octopus bits inside táko n ญ࣬ࡒࡆ kite; takó-ágé n ญ taxi fare takuwae n ⵫࠻ savings, a reserve, ᥥࡅ kite-flying táko n ࡒࡆ callus, corn a stock (= chochiku ㈋⵫) takokuseki (no) adj ኣᅗ⡘ࡡ takuwaemásu, takuwaéru v ⵫࠻ࡱࡌ, multinational: ~-kigyø ኣᅗ⡘௺ ⵫࠻ࡾ saves up, hoards ᴏ multinational company takúwan n ࡒࡂࢂࢆ, takuan ࡒࡂ taku n Ꮹ 1. my house 2. (your/ ࠵ࢆ yellow pickles made from someone else’s) house (= o-taku sliced daikon ࠽Ꮹ) 3. [HUMBLE] my husband; tamá n 1. ⋚ 1. ball: keito no ~ ẗ tak-kyū-bin n Ꮹ᛬౼ express ⣊ࡡ⋚ ball of wool: pachinko no ~ ࣂࢲࣤࢤࡡ⋚ pachinko ball delivery service; taku-hai-bin n Ꮹ㒼౼ delivery service 2. round thing: ~ no ase ⋚ࡡổ taku n ༜ table, desk; tak-kyū n ༜ beads of sweat 3. testicle(s) ⌣ table tennis; taku-jō n, adv ༜ 4. precious and/or lovely thing: ~ no yø na akanbø/aka-chan ⋚ ୕ on one’s table/desk takúan, takúwan n ࡒࡂ࠵ࢆ, ࡒࡂࢂ ࡡࡻ࠹࡝㉝ࢆᆎ㉝ࡔࡶࢆ sweetࢆ yellow pickles made from est baby tamá n ⋚࣬⌌ jewel; bead; drop: sliced daikon takumashii adj ࡒࡂࡱࡊ࠷࣬㏶ࡊ ryü no ~ ❫>㱗@ࡡ⋚ dragon ball ࠷ 1. strong, robust (body) tamá n ⌣ 1. globe (= chikyü ᆀ⌣) 2. strong (will) 2. (light) bulb (= denkyü 㞹⌣) takumi n ᕟࡲ skill; takumi na adj tamá n ᙆ bullet (= dangan ᙆ୷): ᕟࡲ࡝ skillful; takumi ni adv pisutoru no ~ ࣅࢪࢹࣜࡡᙆ pistol bullet ᕟࡲ࡞ skillfully takurami n ௺ࡲ plan, scheme, plot tamágo n ༵࣬⋚Ꮔ࣬ࢰ࣏ࢥ egg: takuramimásu, takurámu v ௺ࡲࡱࡌ, ~ no kara ༵ࡡṾ eggshell ௺ࡳ plans, schemes, plots tama-négi n ࢰ࣏ࢾ࢟࣬⋚ⴼ onion takuránde adv ௺ࢆ࡚ 1. intention- (round bulb) 274



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tanjō´bi



tama (no/ni) adj, adv ࡒࡱࡡ࡞



Terminal 1 North/South Wing occasional(ly), infrequent(ly), ta-minzoku (no) adj ኣẰ᪐ࡡ now and then, once in a while multiracial: ~-kokka ኣẰ᪐ᅗᐓ tamari n ‸ࡱࡽ࣬ࡒࡱࡽ → tamari- multiracial country ba ࡒࡱࡽሔ tamochimásu, tamótsu v ಕࡔࡱࡌ, tamari-ba n ࡒࡱࡽሔ a gathering ಕࡗ keeps, preserves, maintains tamotó n ࡒࡵ࡛࣬⾺ sleeve; edge, place (hangout, haunt) tamarimásu, tamaru v ‸ࡱࡽࡱࡌ, end ‸ࡱࡾ it accumulates tamushi n ⏛⹰ ringworm; athtamarimásu, tamaru v ㈋ࡱࡽࡱࡌ, lete’s foot ㈋ࡱࡾ it saves (money) …´-tan suffix …ཬ bolt (of cloth) támashii n 㨞 soul tana n Წ shelf, rack; tana-age n tamatama ࡒࡱࡒࡱ occasionally Წ୕ࡅ shelving: mondai o ~ tamá-tsukí n ⋚✲ࡀ billiards; tamá- shimásu ၡ㢗ࢅᲬ୕ࡅࡊࡱࡌ tsukí jiko n ⋚✲ࡀ஥ᨶ pileup shelves the issue; tana kara bota… tanbí (ni) suffix, adv [INFORMAL] mochi n Წ࠾ࡼ࡯ࡒ㣨 windfall; …ࡒࢆࡦ࡞ , tabí (ni) ᗐ࣬ࡒࡦ tana-oroshi n Წ༷ࡊ stocktaking ࡞ every time that … Tanabata n ୏ኟ࣬ࡒ࡝ࡣࡒ the … tamé suffix …Ⅵ࣬ࡒࡴ 1. for Festival of the Weaver Star (7 the sake (good, benefit) of 2. July) tandoku n ༟≺ alone (= tanshin for the purpose of 3. because ༟㌗): ~-kødø ༟≺⾔ິ inde(of), due to tameiki n ࡒࡴ᜝ sigh pendent action tamemásu, tameru v ‸ࡴࡱࡌ, ‸ࡴ táne n ⛸ 1. seed 2. source, cause ࡾ amasses/accumulates 3. material 4. secret, trick to it tamemásu, tameru v ㈋ࡴࡱࡌ, ㈋ࡴ 5. hanashi no ~ ヨࡡ⛸ subject, ࡾ saves (money) topic tameraimásu, tameráu v ࡒࡴࡼ࠷ tango n ༟ㄊ word(s), vocabulary ࡱࡌ, ࡒࡴࡼ࠹ hesitates tango n ࢰࣤࢥ tango (music); tameshí n ムࡊ trial, test, experiTángo no sekku n ❻༔ࡡ⟿ྀ ment: ~ ni ムࡊ࡞ as a trial/test Boys’ Festival (5 May) tameshimásu, tamésu v ムࡊࡱࡌ, ム tani, tani-ma n ㆺ, ㆺ㛣 valley ࡌ tries, attempts, experiments with tán’i n ༟న unit tāminaru n ࢰ࣭࣐ࢻࣜ terminal: tanitsu-minzoku n ༟ୌẰ᪐ single narita-kükø dai-ichi-~ kita/min- race ami wingu ᠺ⏛✭῿➠1ࢰ࣭࣐ࢻ tanjō´bi n ㄄⏍᪝ birthday: ㄄⏍᪝ ࣜ໪༞ࢗ࢔ࣤࢡ Narita Airport ࣂ࣭ࢷ࢔ birthday party 275



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tanjun (na)



tanjun (na) adj ༟⣟࡝ simple;



simplehearted, simpleminded (not complicated): ~-ka ༟⣟໩ simplification: ~-meikai ༟⣟᪺ ᛄ simple and clear tánka n ▯ḯ 31-syllable poem (traditional Japanese poem) tánka n ᢰᯣ stretcher, litter: ~ de hakobaremásu ᢰᯣ࡚㐘ࡣࡿࡱ ࡌ is carried on a stretcher tánka n ༟౮ unit cost, unit price tánka n ၥ࿟ [BOOKISH] caustic



shimásu …ࡌࡾࡡ ࢅᴞࡊࡲ࡞ ࡊࡱࡌ ① takes pleasure in (doing) ② looks foward to …ing tanoshimimásu, tanoshímu v ᴞࡊ ࡲࡱࡌᴞࡊࡳ enjoys, takes



pleasure in tanpakú-shitsu n ⺦Ⓣ㈹࣬ࡒࢆࡤࡂ ㈹ protein tanpen-shōsetsu n ▯⥽ᑚㄕ short



story (novel)



tánpo n ᢰಕ mortgage, pledge (= teitø ᢤᙔ): butteki-~ ∸Ⓩ ᢰಕ collateral on property: words (during a quarrel) tanki n ▯᭿ short period; tankijinteki-~ ெⓏᢰಕ guarantee: dáigaku n ▯᭿ኬᏕ junior college, ~-bukken ᢰಕ∸௲ collateral tánpon n ࢰࣤ࣎ࣤ tampon two-year college tankō n ⅛㖌 coal mine tánpopo n ࢰࣤ࣎࣎࣬ࡒࢆࡰࡰ tanmatsu n ❻ᮆ computer terminal dandelion tanmono n ཬ∸ draperies, dry tansan n ⅛㓗 carbonic acid; tansán-sui n ⅛㓗Ề soda water goods tán naru … adj ༟࡝ࡾ… only, mere tanseki n ⫱▴ gall stone tanshi n ❻Ꮔ a terminal (elec[BOOKISH] = táda no ࡒࡓࡡ tán ni adv ༟࡞: ~ ... dake/nomi ༟ tronics) ࡞ࡓࡄࡡࡲ only, merely (= tanshin n ༟㌗ [BOOKISH] alone táda ࡒࡓ (= tandoku ༟≺); tanshin-funin n tannin n ᢰ௴ (teacher) in charge ༟㌗㉩௴ job transfer away from tanomí n 㢏ࡲ a request: ~ no one’s home tsuna 㢏ࡲࡡ⥐ one’s one and tánsho n ▯ᡜ shortcoming, fault, only hope, lifesaver weak point: ~ to chøsho ▯ᡜ࡛㛏 tanomimásu, tanómu v 㢏ࡲࡱࡌ, ᡜ weak and strong points 㢏ࡳ 1. requests, begs 2. relies tansu n ࡒࢆࡌ࣬ࢰࣤࢪ࣬⟰➙ upon, entrusts with 3. hires, chest of drawers engages (a professional) tantei n ᥀ം detective: ~-shøsetsu tanoshíi adj ᴞࡊ࠷ pleasant, ᥀ംᑚㄕ detective fiction: shiritsu-~ ⚶❟᥀ം private eye enjoyable tanoshími n ᴞࡊࡲ a pleasure, an tantō n ᢰᙔ responsibility, enjoyment; … (surú no) o ~ ni charge; tantō´-sha n ᢰᙔ⩽ person



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tashimásu, tasu



in charge, responsible person taremásu, taréru v ᆱࡿࡱࡌ, ᆱࡿࡾ (→ tannin ᢰ௴) hangs down, dangles; drips tantō-chokunyū (na) adj ༟ภ├ථ tarento n ࢰࣝࣤࢹ a TV personal࡝ point-blank: ~ ni iu to adv ity, (person of) talent ༟ภ├ථ࡞ゕ࠹࡛ put bluntly …tári (shimásu/desu) …ࡒࡽࡊࡱ tánuki n ࢰࢽ࢞࣬≿ 1. raccoonࡌ࡚ࡌ doing representatively/ dog (not badger anaguma ✨↻) sometimes/alternately: tári 2. sly person …-nákáttari …ࡒࡽ…࡝࠾ࡖࡒ tánzén n ୸๑ padded bathrobe ࡽ doing off and on, sometimes taoremásu, taoréru v ಻ࡿࡱࡌ, ಻ࡿ does and sometimes doesn’t ࡾ falls down, tumbles, collapses tarimásu, tariru v ㊂ࡽࡱࡌ, ㊂ࡽࡾ táoru n ࢰ࢛ࣜ towel is enough/sufficient, suffices taoshimásu, taósu v ಻ࡊࡱࡌ, ಻ࡌ taru n ࡒࡾ࣬ᶙ barrel, keg, cask taru v ㊂ࡾ [dialect, literary] → knocks down, overthrows tapesutorii n ࢰ࣋ࢪࢹ࣭ࣛ tapestry tarimásu ㊂ࡽࡱࡌ (is enough/ tappú-dansu n ࢰࢴࣈࢱࣤࢪ tap sufficient, suffices) tāru n ࢰ࣭ࣜ tar: køru-~ ࢤ࣭ࣜ࣬ dance tappúri adv ࡒࡖࡪࡽ fully, more ࢰ࣭ࣜ coal tar: sekiyu-~ ▴ἔࢰ ࣭ࣜ petroleum tar than enough tára n ࢰࣚ࣬㫑 cod (fish) tarumimásu, tarumu v ᘩࡲࡱࡌ, ᘩ …-tára suffix, conj …ࡒࡼ if, when ࡳgets slack (loose), relaxed tarafuku adv ࡒࡼࡨࡂ [INFORMAL] taryō n ኣ㔖 large quantity táshika adv ☔࠾ if I remember (eat, drink) one’s fill tarai n ࡒࡼ࠷ tub, basin; tarairightly, probably; táshika ni mawashi ni saremásu n ࡒࡼ࠷ᅂࡊ adj ☔࠾࡞ for sure, surely, ࡞ࡈࡿࡱࡌ is shifted from one undoubtedly; indeed; táshika na section to another adv ☔࠾࡝ safe, sure, certain tarako n ࢰࣚࢤ࣬㫑Ꮔ cod roe tashikamemásu, tashikaméru v ☔࠾ taráppu n ࢰࣚࢴࣈ gangway ࡴࡱࡌ, ☔࠾ࡴࡾ makes sure, tarashimásu, tarásu v ᆱࡼࡊࡱࡌ, ascertains ᆱࡼࡌ dangles, drops, spills tashimásu, tasu v ㊂ࡊࡱࡌ, ㊂ࡌ tarashimásu, tarásu v ࡒࡼࡊࡱࡌ, 1. adds; ní ni san o ~ ஦࡞୔ࢅ㊂ ࡒࡼࡌ = tarashi-komimásu ࡒࡼ ࡊࡱࡌ adds three to two, adds ࡊ㎰ࡲࡱࡌ, tarashi-komu ࡒࡼ three and two 2. yø o ~ ⏕ࢅ㊂ࡊ ࡊ㎰ࡳ seduces; wheedles ࡱࡌ does one’s business, retaré n ࡒࡿ࣬ࢰࣝ gravy, (cooking) lieves oneself, goes to the bathsauce room 277



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tashō



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



tashō adj 多少 1. (large and/or



tátchi n タッチ touch; ~ no sa de small) number, quantity, amount タッチの差で by the turn of a hair 2. ~ (no) 多少(の) more or less; somewhat; some tate n 縦 length, height, longitutasogare n たそがれ・黄昏 twilight dine; tate-gaki n 縦書き vertical (= yügure 夕暮れ) writing; tate-ito n 縦糸 warp (vertical threads); táte no 縦の tassha (na) adj 達者(な) healthy; skillful, expert, good at adj vertical; táte ni 縦に adv vertas-shimásu, tas-suru v 達します, 達 tically, lengthwise …-tate (no) adj …たて(の) fresh する accomplishes; reaches from … tasū´ n 多数 large number; majority taté-fuda n 立(て)札 signboard tasukarimásu, tasukáru v 助かりま tatekaemásu, tatekaeru 建(て)替え す, 助かる is saved; is relieved ます, 建(て)替える rebuilds: tasukemásu, tasukéru v 助けます, tatekae n 建(て)替え reconstruction, rebuilding 助ける 1. helps 2. saves tatakaimásu, tatakau v 戦います, tatekaemásu, tatekaeru 立(て)替えま 戦う fights; makes war/game: す, 立(て)替える pays for someone; tatekae n 立(て)替え paying teki to ~ 敵と戦います battles an enemy for someone; tatekae-kin n 立(て) tatakaimásu, tatakau v 闘います, 替え金 advance money 闘う struggle, fights (with, tatémae n 建て前 principle, policy against): byøki to ~ 病気と闘い tate-mashi n 建て増し house addition/extension, annex ます fights the disease tatakí n 1. 叩き pounding; bashing; tatemásu, tatéru v 建てます, 建てる mincing; Nihon-~ 日本叩き Japan- erects, builds, raises; sets up, establishes bashing 2. たたき concrete/ cement floor taté-móno n 建物 building tatakimásu, tatáku v 叩きます, 叩く tatoé conj たとえ even if strikes, hits, knocks; pounds tatóe 例え・たとえ n example, (fish/meat to tenderize or mince instance; simile, analogy it), minces; té o ~ 手を叩きま tatóeba adv 例えば・たとえば for example, for instance す claps tatami n 畳 floor mat(ting), matted tatoemásu, tatoéru v 例えます・喩 floor えます, 例える・喩える gives an example, compares (draws a tatamimásu, tatamu v 畳みます, 畳 simile to) む folds up 278



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té



tatsu n ❫࣬㱗 dragon (= doragon ࢺࣚࢥࣤ) tatsu no otoshigo n ࢰࢵࢿ࢛ࢹࢨ ࢥ࣬❫ࡡⴘ࡛ࡊᏄ sea horse (= umi-uma, kaiba ᾇ㤷) tatta adv ࡒࡖࡒ just, merely, only tatta-íma n, adv ࡒࡖࡒ௑ just now;



ࡿ࠿ᡥ࡞ථࡽࡱࡌ = sore o ~ ni iremásu ࡐࡿࢅᡥ࡞ථࡿࡱࡌ obtains, gets it; te-árai n ᡥὑ࠷ ① hand wash ② o-teárai ࠽ᡥὑ ࠷ washroom, rest room, toilet (toire ࢹ࢕ࣝ); té-ate n ᡥᙔ࡙



in (just) a minute tawā n ࢰ࣭࣠ tower, pagoda (= tø ሥ); Tøkyø-~ ᮶ாࢰ࣭࣠ Tokyo Tower tawará n ࡒࢂࡼ࣬ಣ straw bag; bale tawashi n ࡒࢂࡊ scrub(bing) brush; swab tayasúku adv ࡒࡷࡌࡂ easily táyori 㢏ࡽ n reliance: ~ nai 㢏ࡽ ࡝࠷ undependable, unreliable táyori n ౼ࡽ communication, correspondence, a letter, word (from someone), news; kaze no ~ 㢴ࡡ౼ࡽ a little bird, rumor tayorimásu, tayóru v 㢏ࡽࡱࡌ, 㢏ࡾ relies on, depends on tayō-sei n ኣᵕᛮ diversity: seibutsu-



té-ate n ᡥᙔ allowance; te-búkuro n ᡥ⾼ gloves; te-dori n ᡥཱིࡽ take-home pay; te-gákari n ᡥ᤻ ࠾ࡽ a hold, a place to hold on; a clue; te-gami n ᡥ⣤ letter (= shokan ᭡⠾ [BOOKISH]); te-gata n ᡥᙟ a note, a bill: yakusoku-~ ⣑ᮨᡥᙟ promissory note; tegókoro n ᡥᚨ discretion; te-gótae n ᡥᚺ࠻ response, effect; té-guchi n ᡥཾ way (of doing bad things), trick; té-hái n ᡥ㒼 (setting up) a



treatment; reparation, provision;



search for a criminal, a dragnet; té-hazu n ᡥࡢࡍ࣬ᡥ➳ arrangements; te-hón n ᡥᮇ model, pattern; té-kubi n ᡥ㤫 wrist; té-mane n ᡥࡱࡠ࣬ᡥ┷జ gesture with hand(s); té-mari n ᡥࡱࡽ࣬ᡥẞ ~ no hozen ⏍∸ኣᵕᛮࡡಕධ (decorated small) handball; tenímotsu n ᡥⲬ∸ hand luggage; biodiversity conservatory tazuna n ᡥ⥐ reins: ~ o shimemásu té-nó-hira n ᡥࡡࡥࡼ࣬ᤰ palm ᡥ⥐ࢅ⥶ࡴࡱࡌ tightens the reins (of hand); te-ori (no) adj ᡥ⧂ࡽ tazunemásu, tazunéru v 1. ᑖࡠࡱࡌ, ࡡ handweaving; te-sage n ᡥ ᑖࡠࡾ asks (a question) 2. ᑖࡠ ᥞࡅ࣬ᡥࡈࡅ handbag; te-sei (no) ࡱࡌ, ᑖࡠࡾ looks for adj ᡥ⿿ࡡ homemade, handcrafted; te-záiku n ᡥ⣵ᕝ handitazunemásu, tazunéru v ゴࡠࡱࡌ, ゴࡠࡾ visits work; te-zawari n ᡥࡉࢂࡽ texté n ᡥ 1. hand, arm 2. trick, move ture, touch, hand feeling; te-zúkuri 3. kind 4. person 5. help: té ni (no) adj ᡥషࡽࡡ homemade, ᡥ࡞; sore ga ~ ni hairimásu ࡐ made by hand 279



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…-te



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



…-te suffix …࡙ (does/did) and,



te-iré n ᡥථࡿ repair; upkeep, care and then, and so; doing; [+ teisai n మ⿚ appearance, get-up, AUXILIARY] (→ shite ࡊ࡙ form, format, layout tēburu n ࢷ࣭ࣇࣜ table; ~-kake teisetsu (na) adj ㇾ⟿࡝ chaste, ࢷ࣭ࣇ᤻ࣜࡄ tablecloth principled: ~ na tsuma ㇾ⟿࡝ጏ tei-… prefix ᏽ… fixed, appointed, faithful wife téishu n ி୹ 1. host (at Japanese set; tei-ka n ᏽ౮ the set price, fixed price; téiki (no) adj ᏽ᭿ࡡ tea ceremony) 2. landlord ① fixed, regular, periodic, sched- 3. (my) husband uled ② → tei-kí-ken ᏽ᭿ไ; tei-kí- teitō n ᢤᙔ mortgage, pledge ken n ᏽ᭿ไ pass (commuter (= tanpo ᢰಕ) ticket), season ticket: teiki-yokin téjina n ᡥဗ jugglery, magic ᏽ᭿㡰㔘 time deposit; tei-shoku n (tricks); tejiná-shi n ᡥဗᖅ jugᏽ㣏 a set meal; a complete meal gler, magician tei-… prefix ఩… low; tei-ka n tejun n ᡥ㡨 order, procedure, ఩ୖ fall, drop, decline, descent; program tei-kétsúatsu n ఩⾉ᅸ low blood …-té kara suffix …࡙࠾ࡼ after pressure; tei-kíatsu n ఩Ẵᅸ low (do)ing, after one does/did, does/ (barometric) pressure; tei-soku n did and then (next) ఩㏷ low speed teki n ᩓ 1. enemy, foe 2. oppotei-… prefix ೳ stop; tei-den n nent; kø-~-shu ይᩓᡥ rival ೳ㞹 power failure/outage; tei-ryū …-teki suffix … a drop …-teki (na) suffix, adj Ⓩ࡝ …ic, n ೳ⏻ stop, stopping; tei-sha n ೳ㌬ stopping (of a vehicle); …ical, …al, …ly: chi~ (na) ▩Ⓩ tei-shi n ೳḾ suspension, inter࡝ intellectual: shi~ (na) ⚶Ⓩ ruption; ichiji-~ ୌ᫤ೳḾ pause, ࡝ private, personal (= kojin~ (na) ಴ெⓏ࡝ : shi-~ (na) モⓏ suspension teian n ᥞ᱄ proposal, suggestion ࡝ poetic; -teki ni …Ⓩ࡞ … teibō n ላ㜭 dike, embankment ically, …ally: kanjø-~ narimásu téido n ⛤ᗐ degree, extent, level វ᝗Ⓩ࡞࡝ࡽࡱࡌ gets emotional: teikei n ᥞᦘ [BOOKISH] cooperation, kiseki~ tasukarimashita ዃ㊟Ⓩ ࡞ຐ࠾ࡽࡱࡊࡒ miraculously affiliation survived teikō n ᢤᢘ resistance téikoku n ᖀᅗ empire; teikoku-shúgi tékido n 㐲ᗐ [BOOKISH] moderan ᖀᅗ୹⩇ imperialism tion: ~ na/no 㐲ᗐ࡝ࡡ reasontéinei (na) adj ࡙࠷ࡠ࠷>୍ᐺ@࡝ able, moderate: ~ na undø 㐲ᗐ ࡝㐘ິ moderate exercise polite; careful 280



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ten-…/…-ten



tékigi adv 㐲᏿ [BOOKISH] suitably, …-te kudasái interj …࡙ୖࡈ࠷ fitly, properly (= tekitø (ni) 㐲ᙔ please (do) ࡞ ): ~ (no) 㐲᏿ࡡ suitable, temá n ᡥ㛣 time and effort (taken



fit, proper



up); one’s trouble



tekikaku (na) adj 㐲᰹࡝ qualified, tē´ma n ࢷ࣭࣏ theme, topic (= shudai ୹㢗): ~-songu ࢷ࣭࣏ࢮ eligible: ~-sha 㐲᰹⩽ qualified ࣤࢡ theme song (= shudai-ka person tekikaku (na/ni) adj, adv Ⓩ☔࣬㐲☔ ୹㢗ḯ) ࡝࡞ precise(ly), accurate(ly), temae n 1. ᡥ๑࡙࣬ࡱ࠻ this side exact(ly): ~ na handan Ⓩ☔>㐲 (of …); I/me 2. ᡥ๑ prowess, ☔@࡝ึ᩷ accurate judgement skill, ability teki-nin n 㐲௴ qualified person temae n Ⅴ๑ tea ceremony pro(= tekikaku-sha 㐲᰹⩽) cedures tekisetsu (na) adj 㐲ว࡝ to the temáwari n ᡥᅂࡽpersonal effects;



point, appropriate



luggage



teki-shimásu, teki-su v 㐲ࡊࡱࡌ, 㐲 …-témo suffix …࡙ࡵ even doing/ ࡌ is suitable, qualified being, even if (one does/is); tékísuto n ࢷ࢞ࢪࢹ 1. textbook (= shitémo íi ࡊ࡙ࡵ࠷࠷ it is OK to kyøka-sho ᩅ⛁᭡) 2. original do, one may do ten n Ⅴ point, dot, spot; score text tekitō (na) adj 㐲ᙔ࡝ 1. suitable, (points); ten-sū´ n Ⅴᩐ score, proper 2. irresponsible, happoints hazard, random, half-hearted: ~ na tén n ኮ 1. sky 2. heaven (= tenhenji 㐲ᙔ࡝㏁஥vague answer goku ኮᅗ); tén-goku n ኮᅗ tekitō (ni) adv 㐲ᙔ࡞ 1. suitably, paradise, heaven; ten-jō n ኮ஬ properly (= tekigi 㐲᏿) 2. irre- ceiling; tén-ki n ኮẴ ① weather; sponsibly, haphazardly, randomly, ~-yóhø ኮẴ஢ሒ weather forecast ② fair weather; ten-kō n ኮ half-heartedly: ~ ni erabimásu 㐲ᙔ࡞㐽ࡦࡱࡌ chooses ranು weather; ten-mon (no) n ኮᩝ ࡡ astronomical: ten-mondomly: ~ ni kikinagashimásu gaku ኮᩝᏕ astronomy; tén-shi n 㐲ᙔ࡞⪲ࡀὮࡊࡱࡌ pretends ኮ౐ angel to listen tekk(-…) n, prefix 㕪 iron, tén n ࢷࣤ ten; besutó-~ ࣊ࢪࢹࢷ steel; tek-ki n 㕪ჹ, ~-rui 㕪ჹ㢦 ࣤ the best ten hardware (items); tek-kyō n 㕪ᶣ ten-…/…-ten prefix, suffix ኮ ኮ → ten-pura ኮࡪࡼ࣬ኮ㯉 iron bridge teko n ࡙ࡆ࣬᣷࣬᣷Ꮔ lever ⨮; ten-don n ኮ୺ a bowl of rice



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JAPANESE–ENGLISH



with tenpura shrimp on top; Emperor; Tennō-tanjō´bi n ኮⓒ㄄ ten-pura n ࢷࣤࣈࣚ࣬ኮࡪࡼ࣬ኮ ⏍᪝ the Emperor’s Birthday 㯉⨮ tenpura, food fried in batter, (national holiday in Japan) tenōru n ࢷࢿ࣭ࣜ tenor; tenōruespecially shrimp kashu n ࢷࢿ࣭ࣜḯᡥ a tenor ten-…/…-ten prefix, suffix ᗉ... ...ᗉ shop; ten’-in n ᗉဤ shop (singer) ténpi n ኮℾ oven clerk, salesclerk, salesperson; ten-po n ᗉ⯊ [BOOKISH] store, tenpo n ࢷࣤ࣎ tempo shop (= mise ᗉ o-mise ࠽ᗉ ); tenrán-kai n ᒈぬఌ exhibition ten-shu n ᗉ୹ shopkeeper (= tenji-kai ᒈ♟ఌ) tenbō n ᒈ᭻ 1. looking over, a tensai n ኮᡧ genius view 2. prospecting, prospects; ténsei n ኮᛮ disposition, temtenbō-dai n ᒈ᭻ྋ (sightseeing) perament ténto n ࢷࣤࢹ tent observatory tengu n ࢷࣤࢡ࣬ኮ≰ 1. a long- tepp-… prefix 㕪 iron, steel; tep-pan n 㕪ᯀ iron plate: teppannosed goblin 2. conceited yaki 㕪ᯀ↕ࡀ sliced meat, etc. person ténisu n ࢷࢼࢪ tennis: ~-køto ࢷ grilled at table; tep-pō n 㕪◑ ࢼࢪࢤ࣭ࢹ tennis court: ~-shüzu gun, rifle: mizu-deppø Ề㕪◑ ࢷࢼࢪࢨ࣭ࣖࢫ tennis shoes squirt gun, water pistol tenjí n ᒈ♟ exhibit; tenjí-kai n ᒈ♟ teppén n ࡙ࡖ࡭ࢆ top, highest ఌ exhibition part [INFORMAL] (= chøjø 㡤୕) ten-jimásu, ten-jiru v ㌷ࡋࡱࡌ, ㌷ࡋ tē´pu n ࢷ࣭ࣈ tape; sero(han)-~ ࡾ [BOOKISH] changes, shifts; gets ࢬࣞࣀࣤ ࢷ࣭ࣈ scotch tape; ~-rekø´då ࢷ࣭ࣈࣝࢤ࣭ࢱ࣭ transferred; ten-kin n ㌷ໂ job transfer (= tennin ㌷௴); ten-kō n tape recorder ㌷ᰧ school transfer; ten-nin n ㌷ terá n ᑈ Buddhist temple (= jiin ௴ job transfer ᑈ㝌) tennen n ኮ↓ nature (= shizen terashi-awasémásu, terashi-awaséru v ⮤↓); tennen-boke n ኮ↓࣍ࢢ ↯ࡼࡊྙࢂࡎࡱࡌ, ↯ࡼࡊྙࢂࡎ ࡾ collates goofy, dopey by nature [IN POSITIVE SENSE]; tennen-gasu n ኮ terashimásu, terásu v ↯ࡼࡊࡱࡌ, ↓࢝ࢪ natural gas; tennen (no) ↯ࡼࡌ illuminates, lights it up, adj ኮ↓ࡡ natural; tennen-tō n shines on; compares, collates, ኮ↓⑘ smallpox checks; … ni teráshite …࡞↯ࡼ Tennō´ n ኮⓒ the Emperor; Tennø- ࡊ࡙ in the light of…, in view of … héika ኮⓒ㝆ୖ His Majesty the térasu n ࢷࣚࢪ terrace, balcony 282



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JAPANESE–ENGLISH



térebi n ࢷࣝࣄ television; terebibangumi n ࢷࣝࣄ␊⤄ TV show; terebi-denwa n ࢷࣝࣄ㞹ヨ videophone; terebi-gēmu n ࢷࣝࣄࢣ࣭ ࣑ video game terehonkādo n ࢷ࣭ࣝ࣌ࣤ࢜ࢺ



telephone card



… to



te-tsúzuki n ᡥ⤾ࡀ formalities, procedure (= tejun ᡥ㡨) tettei-teki (na/ni) adj, adv ᚥᗇⓏ ࡝࡞ thorough(ly) ti… → chi… tii-kappu n ࢷ࢔࣭࢜ࢴࣈ Western-



style tea cup



teremásu, teréru v ↯ࡿࡱࡌ, ↯ࡿ tisshu(-pē´pā) n ࢷ࢔ࢴࢨ࣭ࣖ࣋ࣂ ࡾ feels embarrassed, awkward, ࣭ tissue(s) to n ᡖ door; to-dana n ᡖᲬ cupflustered terepashii n ࢷࣝࣂࢨ࣭ telepathy board, enclosed shelves terimásu, téru v ↯ࡽࡱࡌ, ↯ࡾ to n 㒌 1. capital (= shu-to 㤫㒌) 2. Tokyo (= Tøkyø-to ᮶ா㒌); it shines teriyaki n ↯ࡽ↕ࡀ (fish, chicken, to-chi-ji n 㒌▩஥ Governor of etc.) broiled with soy sauce and Tokyo; to-ei n 㒌ႜ Toei, metro-



politan (run by Tokyo), metro; ~-sen 㒌ႜ⥲ subway Toei ism, terrorist Line; to-kai n 㒌ఌ city, town; tesū´ n ᡥᩐ [BOOKISH] trouble ~-jin 㒌ఌெ city dweller, (taken up), time and effort (= urbanite; to-min n 㒌Ằ Tokyoite; tema ᡥ㛣): o-~ okakeshite tó-nai n, adv 㒌හ within the sumimasen ࠽ᡥᩐ࠽࠾ࡄࡊ࡙ࡌ metropolis (of Tokyo); tó-shi n ࡲࡱࡎࢆ I’m sorry for bothering 㒌ᕰ city; toshi (no) 㒌ᕰࡡ you.; tesū´-ryō n ᡥᩐᩩ handling/ urban … to prep …࡛ with [CONCATEservice charge tésuto n ࢷࢪࢹ test [INFORMAL] (= NATES A NOUN]: ... ~ issho ni shiken ム㥺) ࡛ୌ⥬࡞ ... with (someone) tetsu n 㕪 iron, steel; tetsu-bō n 㕪 … to … conj …࡛ and [CONCATEᲤ ① horizontal bar ② iron bar; NATES A NOUN]: anata ~ watashi tetsu-dō n 㕪㐠 railroad, railway ࠵࡝ࡒ࡛⚶ you and I tetsudái n ᡥఎ࠷ = o-tétsudai ࠽ … to suffix …࡛ (said/thought/ ᡥఎ࠷ assistance, help seemed) that …; “…” (quote-) unquote: kare wa ... ~ itta ᙴ tetsudaimásu, tetsudáu v ᡥఎ࠷ࡱ ࡌ, ᡥఎ࠹ helps ࡢ࡛ゕࡖࡒ he said that ...; … tetsúgaku n ူᏕ philosophy; ~-sha to iu suffix …࡛࠷࠹ which says; ူᏕ⩽ philosopher which is (called), called; which tetsuya n ᚥእ staying up all night is (in effect); to iú no wa … suffix 283 sweeteners



tero (risuto) n ࢷࣞࣛࢪࢹ terror-



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tō′



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



࡛࠷࠹ࡡࡢ… What that means tobimásu, tobu v ㊬ࡦࡱࡌ, ㊬ࡩ (What that amounts to) is that … jumps … to suffix …࡛ 1. (su)-ru ~ ࡌ tobimásu, tobu v 㣍ࡦࡱࡌ, 㣍ࡩ ࡾ࡛ when(ever), if; …and there- flies upon, …whereupon: moshika- tobira n ᡤ 1. a door wing, a door suru ~ ࡵࡊ࠾ࡌࡾ࡛ perhaps, of a gate 2. title page possibly 2. (shi)-nai ~ ࡊ ࡝࠷ toboshíi adj இࡊ࠷ scarce, meager, ࡛ unless scanty tō´ n ༎ ten (= jü ༎) tōbun n ⢶ฦ [BOOKISH] sugar tō´ n ⡚ rattan, cane content tō´ n ሥ tower, pagoda (= tawå tōbun n ➴ฦ dividing equally ࢰ࣭࣠); Efferu-tø ࢙ࢴࣆ࢘ࣜሥ tōbun n ᙔฦ for the time being tōchaku n ฽╌ arrival Eiffel Tower tō´-… prefix ᮶ east, eastern; tochi n ᅰᆀ ground, earth, soil; a tō´-bu n ᮶㒂 the east, the eastern piece of land part; tō-hō n ᮶᪁ the east; tō-nan tochū (de/no) adv, adj ㏭୯࡚ࡡ n ᮶༞ southeast: ~-ajia ᮶༞࢓ࢩ on the way; ~-gesha ㏭୯ୖ㌬ ࢓ Southeast Asia; tō-zai n ᮶け stopover (train) east and west, the East and the tōdai n ⇘ྋ lighthouse Tō-dai n ᮶ኬ Tokyo University (= West …´-tō suffix …㢄 (counts large Tøkyø-Dáigaku ᮶ாኬᏕ) todoké n ᒀࡄ notification, notice, animals) head [go-tø ஫㢄 unaccented (five heads)] report …-tō suffix …➴ class todokemásu, todokéru v ᒀࡄࡱࡌ, Tō´a n ᮶ல = Higashi-Ájia ᮶࢓ࢩ࢓ ᒀࡄࡾ 1. delivers 2. reports it tobaku n ㈻༡ [BOOKISH] gambling (to), notifies tō´ban n ᙔ␊ person on duty todoke-saki n ᒀࡄ඙ address (for tobashimásu, tobasu v 㣍ࡣࡊࡱࡌ, delivery) 㣍ࡣࡌ lets fly; skips, omits; hurries todokimásu, todóku v ᒀࡀࡱࡌ, ᒀ tobi-dashimásu, tobi-dásu v ㊬ࡦฝࡊ ࡂ reaches; arrives; gets delivered ࡱࡌ࣬㊬ࡦฝࡌ jumps out todomarimásu, todomáru v ࡛࡜ࡱ tobi-dashimásu, tobi-dásu v 㣍ࡦฝࡊ ࡽࡱࡌ, ࡛࡜ࡱࡾ it stops; it ࡱࡌ, 㣍ࡦฝࡌ runs/bursts out; it remains todomemásu, todómeru v ࡛࡜ࡴࡱ sticks out, protrudes; uchi o ~ ᐓࢅ㣍ࡦฝࡊࡱࡌ runs away ࡌ, ࡛࡜ࡴࡾ stops it (from home) (= iede shimásu ᐓ todorokimásu, todoróku v ㎐ࡀࡱࡌ, ฝࡊࡱࡌ) ㎐ࡂ [BOOKISH] roars, rumbles 284



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tokashimásu, tokásu



tōfú n ㇃⭁ bean curd tóire n ࢹ࢕ࣝ toilet, bathroom; togamé n ࡛࠿ࡴ [BOOKISH] rebuke, tóiretto-pē´pā n ࢹ࢕ࣝࢴࢹ࣭࣋ࣂ ࣭ toilet paper censure, blame togamemásu, togaméru v ࡛࠿ࡴࡱ tōitsu n ⤣ୌ unification, standardࡌ, ࡛࠿ࡴࡾ [BOOKISH] blames, ization tōji n ෢⮫ winter solstice rebukes, reproves, finds fault tōji n …἖ hot-spring cure: ~-ba with: ki ga ~ Ẵ࠿࡛࠿ࡴࡱࡌ suffers from a guilty conscience …἖ሔ spa togarasemásu, togaráseru v ࡛࠿ࡼ tō´ji (wa) adv ᙔ᫤ࡢ (at) that ࡎ>ᑞࡼࡎ@ࡱࡌ, ࡛࠿ࡼࡎࡾ࣬ᑞ time, then, (in) those days (= anokoro (wa) ࠵ࡡ㡥ࡢ , sonoࡼࡎࡾ sharpens, points togarimásu, togáru v ࡛࠿ࡽࡱࡌ࣬ koro (wa) ࡐࡡ㡥ࡢ ) ᑞࡽࡱࡌ, ࡛࠿ࡾ࣬ᑞࡾ gets tojimásu, tojíru v 㛚ࡋࡱࡌ, 㛚ࡋࡾ



sharp (pointed)



closes (a book, door wings, …)



togé n ࡛ࡅ࣬ๆ࣬Ც thorn tōgé n ᓑ mountain pass tōgei n 㝙ⰹ ceramic art, ceramics togemásu, togéru v 㐑ࡅࡱࡌ, 㐑ࡅ ࡾ achieves, accomplishes togimásu, tógu v ◂ࡁࡱࡌ, ◂ࡃ



sharpens, grinds, polishes



tōjitsu n ᙔ᪝ the day in question,



that very day, on the day tōjō n ᦒ஋ boarding a plane: ~-chü ᦒ஋୯ (in the midst of) boarding; tōjō´-ken n ᦒ஋ไ boarding pass tōjō n Ⓡሔ entry upon the stage … tóka …࡛࠾ or something



tōhenboku n ၄ንᮄ damned fool (like it) tōhoku-chihō ᮶໪ᆀ᪁ the Tøhoku tōka n ༎᪝ 1. 10th day (of a area of Japan (Aomori, Iwate, month) 2. (for) ten days (= tøkakan ༎᪝㛣) Miyagi, Akita, Yamagata, tokage n ࢹ࢜ࢣ࣬⻡⻨ lizard Fukushima prefectures) tōhon n ㅖᮇ full copy: koseki-~ tokai n 㒌ఌ city: dai-~ ኬ㒌ఌ ᡖ⡘ㅖᮇ full copy of one’s metropolis (= tóshi 都市) tōkai-chihō n ᮶ᾇᆀ᪁ the Tøkai family register tōhyō n ᢖ⚂ ballot, vote area of Japan (Mie, Aichi, Gifu, tói n ࡛࠷࣬ᵵ drain pipe, gutter Shizuoka prefectures) tōi adj 㐪࠷ 1. far-off, distant tokaku (… shimásu) adv ࡛࠾ࡂ (…ࡊࡱࡌ) apt/liable (to do): ~ 2. mimí ga ~ ⪝࠿㐪࠷ is hard no uwasa ࡛࠾ࡂࡡფ unsavory of hearing toiawase n ၡ࠷ྙࢂࡎ inquiry rumors toimásu, tóu v ၡ࠷ࡱࡌ, ၡ࠹ tokashimásu, tokásu v ⁈࠾ࡊࡱࡌ, ⁈࠾ࡌ melts/thaws/dissolves it inquires



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tokashimásu, tokásu



tokashimásu, tokásu v とかし[梳か し]ます, とかす・梳かす combs tokei n 時計 time piece; clock; watch tōkei n 統計 statistics tokemásu, tokéru v 溶けます, 溶け る it melts/thaws/dissolves tokemásu, tokéru v 解けます, 解け る comes undone; gets solved tokí n 時 time tóki n トキ・朱鷺・鴇 crested



ibis (bird)



tokki n 突起 projection, protuber-



ance tokki n 特記 special mention: ~-jikø 特記事項 special comments, special instruction: ~-nai kagiri 特記ない限り unless



specified otherwise tokku (ni) adv とっく(に) long before (= tokku no mukashi (ni) とっくの昔(に)) tokkumiaimásu, tokkumiau v 取っ組 み合います, 取っ組み合う grapple tokkuri n とっくり・徳利 saké



tō´ki n 陶器 pottery, ceramics, china → jíki 磁器 bottle/pitcher, ceramic decanter tō´ki n 登記 registration tō´ki n 冬期 winter (period/term): for serving saké ~-orinpikku 冬季オリンピック tokkyo n 特許 patent Winter Olympics tokkyū n 特急 special express (train); ~´-ken 特急券 specialtō´ki n 投機 speculation: ~ express ticket shimásu 投機します speculates tō´ki n 投棄 dumping, abandontokkyū n 特級 special class; (best)



ment



quality



tokidoki 時々・ときどき sometimes toko n 床(o-toko お床) bed: ~ ni tokimásu, tóku v 解きます, 解く tsukimásu 床に就きます takes to



undoes, unties; solves tokimásu, tóku v 説きます, 説く



explains, persuades, preaches



one’s bed, goes to bed … tokó suffix …とこ [INFORMAL] place (= … tokoró …所) tokonoma n 床の間 alcove in



tokimásu, tóku v とき[梳き]ます, Japanese room とく・梳く comb tóki ni adv …時に at the time that tokoro, … tokoró suffix 所, …所 …, when … 1. place 2. address tokí ni adv ときに・時に by the tokoro, … tokoró ところ, …ところ way, incidentally; sometimes circumstance, time: shita ~ desu tokkakari n 取っ掛かり a hold, a したところです has just done it; place to hold on; a clue (= tega- shite iru ~ desu しているところ です is (in the midst of) doing it; kari 手掛かり) tokkan kōji n 突貫工事 eleventhsuru ~ desu するところです is



hour job



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JAPANESE–ENGLISH



tokoró-de conj ࡛ࡆࢀ࡚ by the



way; well now



tōmen



toku-nítō n ≁஦➴ special second



class



tokoro-dókoro n, adv ࡛ࡆࢀ࡜ࡆࢀ tokushoku n ≁Ⰵ special feature,



various places, here and there tokoró-ga conj ࡛ࡆࢀ࠿ but,



however



characteristic tokushu (na) adj ≁Ṟ࡝ special,



particular



… tokoró ga suffix, conj …࡛ࡆࢀ tokuten n ᚋⅤ points obtained, ࠿ however score (= sukoa ࢪࢤ࢓) tokoro-gaki n ᡜ᭡ࡀ [BOOKISH] tokuyū (no) adj ≁᭯ࡡ special, address (written) (= atesaki ᏾඙, particular jü´sho పᡜ) Tōkyō n ᮶ா Tokyo; Tōkyō´-Dáigaku tokoroten n ࡛ࡆࢀ࡙ࢆ seaweed n ᮶ாኬᏕ Tokyo University (= Tø-dai ᮶ኬ); Tōkyō´-Eki n ᮶ா㥈 gelatin strips served cold in a



tangy soy sauce toko-ya n ᗃᒁ barber(shop) toku-… prefix ≁… special (= tokubetsu ≁ื); toku-betsu (no) adj ≁ืࡡ special, particular, extra: ~ ni ≁ื࡞ especially; toku-chō n ≁ᚡ special feature/



Tokyo Station tō´kyoku n ᙔᑻ the authorities tomari n ἡࡱࡽ staying overnight;



night duty tomarimásu, tomaru v Ḿࡱࡽࡱࡌ࣬ Ḿࡱࡾ it stops tomarimásu, tomaru v ἡࡱࡽࡱࡌ, ἡࡱࡾ stays overnight tōmáwari n 㐪ᅂࡽ detour tōmáwashi n 㐪ᅂࡊ oblique



quality, (a distinguishing) characteristic toku n ᚠ virtue toku n ᚋ profit, advantage, gain statement tōkú adv 㐪ࡂ 1. the distance, far tōmei (na) adj ㏩᪺࡝ clear, off 2. so as to be far/distant → transparent tōi 㐪࠷ tomemásu, tomeru v Ḿࡴࡱࡌ, Ḿࡴ tokuhon n ㄖᮇ reader, reading book ࡾ stops it tokúi n ᚋណ 1. pride; forte, strong tomemásu, tomeru v ἡࡴࡱࡌ, ἡࡴ ࡾ puts one up overnight point: ~ (na) ᚋណ࡝ favorite, tomemásu, tomeru v ⏻ࡴࡱࡌ, ⏻ࡴ proud, exultant 2. o-~ ࠽ᚋណ ࡾ fastens (firmly attaches); tome(regular) customer, patron 3. prosperity bári n ⏻ࡴ㔢 pin tokúi (na/no) adj ≁␏࡝ࡡ tōmen adv ᙔ㟻 for now; tōmen (no) adj ᙔ㟻ࡡ immediate, unique, peculiar tóku (ni) adv ≁࡞ in particular, present; ~ no mondai ᙔ㟻ࡡၡ㢗 especially immediate problem 287



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tómi



tómi n ᐣ wealth, fortune, riches,



abundance



tonde-mo nái adj ࡛ࢆ࡚ࡵ࡝࠷



outrageous, terrible, shocking



tomimásu, tómu v ᐣࡲࡱࡌ, ᐣࡳ is tó-ni-kaku ࡛࡞࠾ࡂ anyway,



rich; abounds



anyhow



tōmin n ෢┸ hibernation tómo n ཪ [BOOKISH] friend (= yüjin ཪெ); tomodachi n ཪ㐡 friend tómo n ఔ one’s companion, company (= døhan-sha ྜྷఔ⩽) … tó-mo! interj …࡛ࡵ! : ii tó mo ࠷࠷࡛ࡵ Of course! tó-mo-kaku adv ࡛ࡵ࠾ࡂ anyway,



ton-katsu n ㇔࢜ࢵ࣬ࢹࣤ࢜ࢵ



pork cutlet tónma n ࡛ࢆࡱ࣬ࢹ࣏ࣤ࣬㡳㤷



idiot, fool tonma n ࡛ࢆࡱ dullness, fool,



idiot, boob



tonneru n ࢹࣤࢾࣜ tunnel ton-ya n ၡᒁ wholesale store tōnyō-byō n ⢶ᑺ⑋ diabetes anyhow, at any rate tomonaimásu, tomonáu v ఔ࠷ࡱ tōnyū n ㇃஘ soybean milk ࡌ, ఔ࠹; … ni ~ …࡞ఔ࠷ࡱࡌ tōnyū n ᢖථ [BOOKISH] 1. a throw accompanies (into) 2. investment, investing tomo ni adv භ࡞ together (= issho toppatsu n ✲Ⓠ [BOOKISH] outbreak: ni ୌ⥬࡞) ~-jiko ✲Ⓠ஥ᨶ sudden accident; tō-mórokoshi n ࢹ࣓ࢗࣞࢤࢨ corn ~-jiken ✲Ⓠ஥௲ unforeseen (on the cob); ~-ko ࡛࠹ࡵࢀࡆࡊ accident; bombshell toppu n ࢹࢴࣈ top ⢂ cornstarch tomoshimásu, tomósu v ⅁ࡊࡱࡌ, tora n ࢹࣚ࣬⹙ tiger ⅁ࡌ burns (a light) toraberāzu chekku n ࢹ࣭ࣚ࣊ࣚࢫ tonaemásu, tonáéru v ၌࠻ࡱࡌ, ၌ ࢲ࢘ࢴࢠ traveler’s check ࠻ࡾ advocates; shouts; recites; toraburu n ࢹࣚࣇࣜ trouble: ~-mëkå ࢹࣚࣇ࣒࣭࣭ࣜ࢜ troublemaker calls; claims tōnan n ┈㞬 [BOOKISH] (suffering) Tora-doshi n ᐟᖳ year of the Tiger toraemásu, toráéru v ᤍࡼ࠻ࡱࡌ, ᤍ theft tonari n 㝼 next-door, neighbor(ing) ࡼ࠻ࡾ catches, seizes, captures, tonbo n ࢹࣤ࣍࣬⻬⺥ dragonfly arrests tonda adj ࡛ࢆࡓ outrageous, toraiaru n ࢹࣚ࢕࢓ࣜ trial: ~-koyø ࢹࣚ࢕࢓ࣜ㞘⏕ trial employment terrible, shocking tónde v ᐣࢆ࡚: ~ imásu ᐣࢆ࡚࠷ torákku n ࢹࣚࢴࢠ 1. truck 2. ࡱࡌ is rich, abundant → tomimásu track (for running) ᐣࡲࡱࡌ torakutā n ࢹࣚࢠࢰ࣭ tractor tonde-mo arimasén adj ࡛ࢆ࡚ࡵ࠵ toránku n ࢹࣚࣤࢠ (clothes/car) ࡽࡱࡎࢆOh, no. No way. trunk



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JAPANESE–ENGLISH



tōri-michi



toránkusu n ࢹࣚࣤࢠࢪ trunks tori-atsukai n ཱིࡽ᡽࠷ treatment, toranpétto n ࢹࣚࣤ࣋ࢴࢹ trumpet management, transaction toranporin n ࢹࣚࣤ࣎ࣛࣤ tramtori-atsukaimásu, tori-atsukau v ཱིࡽ ᡽࠷ࡱࡌ, ཱིࡽ᡽࠹ handles, poline toránpu n ࢹࣚࣤࣈ playing cards deals with, manages toranshiibā n ࢹࣚࣤࢨ࣭ࣁ࣭ tori-awase n ཱིࡽྙࢂࡎ assortment tori-bun n ཱིࡽ ฦ share transceiver, walkie-talkie torei n ࢹࣝ࢕ tray tórí-hiki n ཱིࡽᘤࡀཱི࣬ᘤ transactoremásu, toréru v ཱིࡿࡱࡌ, ཱིࡿ tion, deal, business, trade tori-kae n ཱིࡽ᭨࠻ change, ࡾ 1. (button, etc.) comes off 2. can take replacement torēnā n ࢹ࣭ࣝࢻ࣭ sweatshirt tori-kaemásu, tori-kaeru v ཱིࡽ᭨࠻ torendo n ࢹࣝࣤࢺ trend (fashion, ࡱࡌ, ཱིࡽ᭨࠻ࡾ replaces it tori-keshi n ཱིࡽᾐࡊ cancellation, etc.) (= keikø ലྡྷ) torēningu n ࢹ࣭ࣝࢼࣤࢡ training revocation; deletion, erasure (exercise, etc.) workout: ~-uea tori-keshimásu, tori-kesu v ཱིࡽᾐࡊ ࢹ࣭ࣝࢼࣤࢡ࢙ࢗ࢓ training ࡱࡌ, ཱིࡽᾐࡌ cancels, revokes; wear: ~-jimu ࢹ࣭ࣝࢼࣤࢡࢩ࣑ deletes, erases toriko n ࡛ࡽࡆ࣬⹥ 1. captive, training gym torēshingu-pē´pā n ࢹ࣭ࣝࢨࣤࢡ࣋ prisoner (= horyo ᤍ⹥) 2. person ࣭ࣂ࣭ tracing paper who is crazy about something/ tori n ࢹࣛ࣬㫵 bird; tori-kago n ࢹ someone; koi no ~ ᜂࡡ⹥ capࣛ࢜ࢥ࣬㫵⡪ bird cage; tori-i n tive of love 㫵ᑽ the gate to a Shinto shrine tori-kumi n ཱིࡽ⤄ࡲཱི࣬⤄ࡲ tori n ࢹࣛ࣬㭔 chicken; tori-niku n wrestling match/bout/program ࢹࣛࢼࢠ࣬㭔⫏ chicken meat torimásu, tóru v ཱིࡽࡱࡌ, ཱིࡾ tori-… prefix ཱིࡽ … [verb PREFIX]: 1. takes; takes away, removes 2. passes (the salt, sugar, etc.) takes and … tōrí n ㏳ࡽ street, avenue; passage 3. takes (a course) torimásu, tóru v ᧔ࡽࡱࡌ, ᧔ࡾ (= michi 㐠) tō´ri n ࡛࠽ࡽ࣬㏳ࡽ way (of takes (a picture) doing), manner: … no ~ ni …ࡡ tōrimásu, tō´ru v ㏳ࡽࡱࡌ, ㏳ࡾ ࡛࠽ࡽ࡞ like … (= (no) yø ni passes by, passes through ࡡ ࡻ࠹>ᵕ@࡞) tōrimásu, tō´ru v ㏩ࡽࡱࡌ, ㏩ࡾ tori-agemásu, tori-ageru v ཱིࡽ୕ࡅ penetrates ࡱࡌ, ཱིࡽ୕ࡅࡾ takes up; takes tōri-michi n ㏳ࡽ㐠 passage(way) away (= tsüro ㏳㊨)



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torishimari



torishimari n 1. ཱིࡽ⥶ࡱࡽཱི࣬⥶ ࡽ control, management, supervision 2. ཱི⥶ managing director tori-shimarimásu, tori-shimaru v ཱིࡽ ⥶ࡱࡽࡱࡌ, ཱིࡽ⥶ࡱࡾ controls,



manages, supervises, directs toritsugi 1. ཱིࡽḗࡁཱི࣬ḗࡁ answering the door 2. ཱིḗ an



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



ࢅཱིࡽࡱࡌ gets old; toshi-ake n ᖳ᪺ࡄ new year; toshi-koshi soba n ᖳ㉲ࡊࡐࡣ>ⶻ㯇@ buckwheat



noodles eaten traditionally on New Year’s Eve; toshi-go n ᖳᏄ child born within a year of another; toshi-kakkō n ᖳ᰹ይ one’s age (= toshi-goro ᖳ㡥): ~ ga rokujü



kurai no dansei ᖳ᰹ይ࠿ࡂࡼ usher; an agency ࠷ࡡ⏠ᛮ a man of about 60; toshima n ᖳቌ middle-aged woman; in particular tóro n ࡛ࢀ࣬ࢹࣞ fatty tuna toshi-shita (no) adj ᖳୖࡡ younger, torō n ᚈຘ vain effort junior; toshi-ue (no) n ᖳ୕ࡡ tōrō n ⅁⡪ a stone lantern: ~ naga- older, senior; toshi-yórí n ᖳᐞࡽ shi ⅁⡪Ὦࡊ floating lanterns an old person (= kørei-sha 㧏 㱃⩽) on a river tōroku n Ⓡ㘋 registration tóshi n 都市 city: dai-~ ኬ㒌ᕰ big tō´ron n ゞㄵ [BOOKISH] debate, city, metropolis (= tokai 㒌ఌ) tōshí (no) adj ㏳ࡊࡡ direct, discussion, dispute tororo n ࢹ࡛ࣞࣞ࣬ࢀࢀ grated through (to destination): ~ de ikimásu ㏳ࡊ࡚⾔ࡀࡱࡌ goes yam; ~-kónbu ࡛ࢀࢀ᪳ᕱ kelp flakes direct (through to destination); Tóruko n ࢹࣜࢤ Turkey ~-gíppu ㏳ࡊว➚ a through toryō n ሧᩩ coating compositions ticket; ~-bangø ㏳ࡊ␊ྒ serial (paint, Japanese lacquer, number tōshi n ᢖ㈠ investment, investing varnish, etc.) tōsaku n ಻㘊 [BOOKISH] perversion: tōshi n 凍死 freezing to death, seiteki-~ ᛮⓏ಻㘊 paraphilia frost-killing tōsaku n ┈ష plagiarism tō´shi n 㜒ᚷ [BOOKISH] fighting spirit tōsan n ಻⏐ bankruptcy tōshimásu, tō´su v ㏳ࡊࡱࡌ, ㏳ࡌ tōsan n ∏ࡈࢆ (mostly male) dad lets through/in, admits; shows (= oyaji の∏, tø-chan ∏ࡔࡶࢆ) in; pierces tōsei n ⤣โ control (of prices, etc.) tōshimásu, tō´su v ㏩ࡊࡱࡌ, ㏩ࡌ tōsenbo, tōsenbō n ㏳ࡎࢆ࡯࣬㏳ࡎ penetrates ࢆᆎ blocking a person’s way tōshin-dai n ➴㌗ኬ life size toshí n ᖳ 1. year 2. ᖳ࣬ṋ ࠽ tōshin (jisatsu) n ᢖ㌗⮤ṽ comᖳ࣬࠽ṋ age: ~ o torimásu ᖳ mitting suicide by throwing 290 toriwake adv ࡛ࡽࢂࡄ especially,



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tsubakí



oneself (into water, off the plat- totonoemásu, totonóéru v ᩒ࠻ࡱࡌ, form, etc.) ᩒ࠻ࡾ regulates, adjusts; prepares tósho n ᅒ᭡ library (book collec- totonoimásu, totonóu v ᩒ࠷ࡱࡌ, tion): ~-gákari ᅒ᭡౿ the librar- ᩒ࠹ is in order; is ready ian (in charge), (book) custodian; totsuzen adv ✲↓ suddenly, abruptly toshó-kan n ᅒ᭡㤃 library (build- (= kyü ni ᛬࡞): ~ no ✲↓ࡡ ing); ~-in ᅒ᭡㤃ဤ librarian; toshó- sudden, abrupt shitsu n ᅒ᭡ᐄ library (book room) totté n ཱིࡖᡥ࣬ᢍᡥ a handle, knob tō´sho (wa) adv ᙔิࡢ [BOOKISH] tótte v ࡛ࡖ࡙: …ni ~ (…࡞ ࡛ࡖ ࡙ (with reference) to, for at first, initially, originally (= saisho (wa) ᭩ิࡢ , hajime tottemo adj ࡛ࡖ࡙ࡵ terribly, (wa) ิࡴࡢ ) extremely, completely (= totemo tōshu n ඨ㤫 party leader ࡛࡙ࡵ) tōshu n ᢖᡥ a pitcher (baseball, tótte okimásu (oku) v ཱིࡖ࡙࠽ࡀࡱ ࡌ࠽ࡂ puts aside, reserves, etc.) tōshū n ㊻ぇ following predeces- holds tōwaku n ᙔᝠ embarrassment, sor’s way tóso n ࡛ࡐ࣬ᒎ⸵ spiced saké puzzlement (= konwaku ᅏᝠ) tōza n ᙔᗑ, ~-yókin ᙔᗑ㡰㔘 drunk at New Year’s tōsō n 㜒ண fight, labor struggle current deposit, checking account; tōsō n ㏠㉦ [BOOKISH] escape tōza no adj ᙔᗑࡡ [BOOKISH] tossa no adj ࡛ࡖࡈࡡ prompt; tos- temporary sa ni adv ࡛ࡖࡈ࡞ in an instant, tózan n Ⓡᒜ mountain-climbing promptly, immediately (= yama-nobori ᒜⓇࡽ); tozán-sha tō´sutā n ࢹ࣭ࢪࢰ࣭ toaster n Ⓡᒜ⩽ mountain-climber tō´suto n ࢹ࣭ࢪࢹ toast tōzen adv ᙔ↓ naturally, surely; ~ … totan ni …㏭❻࡞ (at) the instant/ no ᙔ↓ࡡ) proper, deserved tōzoku n ┈㈣ burglar moment that … tōtei adv ฽ᗇ [+ NEGATIVE VERB] tsū n ㏳ 1. an authority, an expert 2. (counts letter): ít-~ ୌ㏳ one absolutely (not) tō´te mo adv ၡ࠹࡙ࡵ even inletter tsúā n ࢵ࢓࣭ tour 1. group tour quiring totemo adj ࡛࡙ࡵ very [INFORMAL] 2. short trip (= shø-ryokø ᑚ᪉⾔) tsúbá n ࡗࡣ࣬ၖ spit, saliva (= tottemo ࡛ࡖ࡙ࡵ, taihen ኬን) tsúba n ࡗࡣ࣬㘝 sword-guard tō´tō adv ࡛࠹࡛࠹ at last, finally tsubakí n ࡗࡣࡀ࣬ၖ = tsúbá ࡗ ࡣ࣬ၖ (spit) (= tsuini ࡗ࠷࡞) 291



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tsubame



tsubame n ࢵࣁ࣒࣬⇡ swallow



tsuge n ࡗࡅ࣬ࢵࢣ࣬᯼᳔ boxwood tsuge ࿈ࡅ revelation, divine



(bird) tsubasa n ࡗࡣࡈ࣬⩴ wing tsubo n ࡗ࡯࣬ኌ࣬኎ jar, crock tsubo n ᆟ tsubo (6 sq. ft.) tsubomarimásu, tsubomaru v ࡗ࡯ࡱ ࡽࡱࡌ, ࡗ࡯ࡱࡾ it puckers up;



message tsuge-guchi (ya) n ࿈ࡅཾᒁ



(tattle)tale



tsugemásu, tsugeru v ࿈ࡅࡱࡌ, ࿈ ࡅࡾ tells, informs tsugemásu, tsugeru v Ἰࡅࡱࡌ, Ἰ gets puckered up, is shut; it ࡅࡾ can pour narrows tsubomemásu, tsubomeru v ࡗ࡯ࡴ tsugemásu, tsugeru v ⤽ࡅࡱࡌ, ⤽ ࡱࡌ, ࡗ࡯ࡴࡾ puckers it; shuts ࡅࡾ can inherit tsugemásu, tsugeru v ᥃ࡅࡱࡌ, ᥃ it; narrows it tsubomi n ࡗ࡯ࡲ࣬ⷛ flower bud ࡅࡾ can join it tsúbu n ⢇ grain tsugi n ⤽ࡁ patch; (… ni) ~ o tsuburemásu, tsubureru v ₵ࡿࡱࡌ, atemásu …࡞ ⤽ࡁࢅᙔ࡙ࡱࡌ ₵ࡿࡾ it collapses/smashes patches it tsuburimásu, tsuburu v ࡗࡩࡽࡱࡌ, tsugí n ḗ next, the following; ~ ࡗࡩࡾ: mé o ~ ┘ࢅࡗࡩࡽࡱࡌ no ḗࡡ the next one tsugimásu, tsugu v Ἰࡁࡱࡌ, Ἰࡃ shuts/closes one’s eyes tsubushimásu, tsubusu v ₵ࡊࡱࡌ, pours it ₵ࡌ smashes (crushes, tsugimásu, tsugu v ⤽ࡁࡱࡌ, ⤽ࡃ



squeezes) it



inherits, succeeds to



tsubuyakimásu, tsubuyaku v ࡗࡩࡷ ࡀࡱࡌ, ࡗࡩࡷࡂ murmur; (tsuittå de) ~ ࢵ࢕ࢴࢰ࣭࡚ ࡗ ࡩࡷࡂtweet (Internet) tsuchí n ᅰ earth, ground tsuchí n ᵌ hammer tsūchi n ㏳▩ report, notice,



tsugimásu, tsugu v ᥃ࡁࡱࡌ, ᥃ࡃ



joins it, grafts, glues tsugi-me n ⤽ࡁ┘ joint, seam tsugi-me n ᥃ࡁ┘ joint, seam tsugitashi-kō´do n ⤽ࡁ㊂ࡊࢤ࣭ࢺ



extension cord tsugí-tsugi (ni) adv ḗࠍ࡞ one



notification



after another



tsūchō n ㏳ᖋ passbook, bankbook: yokin-~ 㡰㔘㏳ᖋ deposit book: chokin-~ ㈋㔘㏳ᖋ savings book tsúe n ᮣ cane, walking stick tsūgaku n ㏳Ꮥ commuting to school; tsūgaku-ro n ㏳Ꮥ㊨



school route



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tsugō n 㒌ྙ circumstances, convenience, opportunity: ~ ga íi/warúi 㒌ྙ࠿࠷࠷ᝇ࠷ (it is) convenient/inconvenient; ~ no yoi 㒌ྙࡡࡻ࠷ expedient: go-~ shugi ࡇ㒌ྙ୹⩇ expediency,



opportunism 292



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JAPANESE–ENGLISH



tsui n ᑊ a pair: ~ ni narimásu ᑊ࡞࡝ࡽࡱࡌ becomes/makes/



tsukai-hashiri, tsukai-bashiri



tsuittā n ࢵ࢕ࢴࢰ࣭ Twitter



(Internet) tsuji n ㎯ crossroads; road(side), forms a pair tsúi adv ࡗ࠷ 1. unintentionally, street: yotsu-~ ᄿࡗ㎯ crossroad inadvertently 2. just (now): ~ (= jüji-ro ༎Ꮚ㊨) imashígata ࡗ࠷௑ࡊ࠿ࡒ just tsū-ji n ㏳ࡋ 1. bowel movement 2. effect now; ~ saki-hodo ࡗ࠷඙⛤ [BOOKISH] just a little while ago tsū-jimásu, tsū-jiru v ㏳ࡋࡱࡌ, ㏳ࡋ tsúide adv ḗ࠷࡚ next, in succes- ࡾ gets through, communicates; sion, subsequently; … ni ~ …࡞ transmits; is understood; is well ḗ࠷࡚ following …, next after/ versed in; one’s bowels move; (… o) tsü-ji te …ࢅ ㏳ࡋ࡙ to … (in importance) tsuide n ࡗ࠷࡚ opportunity, occa- through (the medium of) sion, convenience: ~ no setsu/sai/ tsūjín n ㏳ெ an expert, an authortoki ni ࡗ࠷࡚ࡡ⟿㝷᫤࡞ at ity; a man of the world tsūjō adv ㏳ᖏ usually, ordinarily your/one’s convenience; ~ ga arimásu ࡗ࠷࡚࠿࠵ࡽࡱࡌ has (= futsü ᬉ㏳, taitei ࡒ࠷࡙࠷࣬ ኬᢤ) occasion to… … tsuide (ni) suffix …ࡗ࠷࡚࡞ on tsūjō (no) adj ㏳ᖏࡡ usual, the occasion of/that …, inciden- ordinary tally to …; while …; along the way tsuká n ሪ mound tsuihō n ㏛ᨲ purge, banishment, tsuká n ࡗ࠾࣬ᯮ hilt tsūka n ㏳㈄ currency (money) exile tsúin n ࢵ࢕ࣤ, ~-rü´mu ࢵ࢕ࣤࣜ (= kahei ㈄ᖨ) ࣭࣑ twin(-bed)room; tsuin-béddo tsukáé n ࡗ࠾࠻ obstruction tsukaemásu, tsukáéru v ࡗ࠾࠻ࡱࡌ, n ࢵ࢕ࣤ࣊ࢴࢺ twin beds tsúi ni adv ࡗ࠷࡞ at last, finally ࡗ࠾࠻ࡾ 1. gets clogged up, (= tøtø ࡛࠹࡛࠹) obstructed, busy: nodo ga ~ ၿ࠿ tsuiraku n ቍⴘ (plane) crash ࡗ࠾࠻ࡱࡌ has difficulty in tsui-shi(kén) n ㏛ム㥺 makeup swallowing 2. feels stuffed up exam (= sai-shi(ken) ්ム㥺 ) (physically) 3. feels a pressure tsuitachí n ୌ᪝ first day of a month on one’s chest (mentally) tsuitate n ⾢❟ partition tsukai n ౐࠷ 1. message, errand tsúite suffix ࡗ࠷࡙ … ni ~ (no) … 2. messenger ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡡ about, concerning; tsukai-hashiri, tsukai-bashiri n ౐࠷ … ni ~ (wa) …࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡢ as ㉦ࡽ, tukai-ppashiri ౐࠷ࡖ㉦ࡽ far as … is concerned errand runner 293



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tsukaimásu, tsukau



tsukaimásu, tsukau v ౐࠷ࡱࡌ, ౐࠹ tsuki-demásu, tsuki-déru v ✲ࡀฝࡱ ࡌ, ✲ࡀฝࡾ protrudes, sticks uses; spends; employs; handles tsukamaemásu, tsukamaeru v ᤍࡱ࠻ out ࡱࡌ, ᤍࡱ࠻ࡾ catches, seizes, tsukimásu, tsuku v ✲ࡀࡱࡌ, ✲ࡂ



arrests



stabs, thrusts, pokes, pushes



tsukamimásu, tsukámu v ࡗ࠾ࡲࡱࡌ, ࡗ࠾ࡳ seizes, grasps, clutches tsuké n ௛ࡄ bill, account: ~ de kaimásu ௛ࡄ࡚㈑࠷ࡱࡌ buys it



tsukimásu, tsúku v ௛ࡀࡱࡌ, ௛ࡂ 1. comes in contact 2. sticks to;



joins; follows; touches



tsukimásu, tsúku v ╌ࡀࡱࡌ, ╌ࡂ on credit arrives (= tøchaku shimásu, tsukeawase n ௛ࡄྙࢂࡎ garnish, tøchaku suru ฽╌ࡊࡱࡌ, ฽╌ ࡌࡾ) relish tsukemásu, tsukeru v ₍ࡄࡱࡌ, ₍ tsukimásu, tsúku v Ⅴࡀࡱࡌ, Ⅴࡂ ࡄࡾ pickles; soaks burns, is turned (on), is lit tsuke-mono n ₍∸ Japanese pickles tsukimásu, tsukíru v ᑸࡀࡱࡌ, ᑸࡀ tsukí n ᭮ moon; month; tsukí-hi n ࡾ comes to an end, runs out ᭮᪝ time (days and years); tsuki- tsūkin n ㏳ໂ commuting to work; mí n ᭮ず moon viewing; tsukí-yo ~-jíkan ㏳ໂ᫤㛣 commuting n ᭮እ moonlight (night) time …-tsuki (no) …௛ࡀࡡ with (… tsūkō n ㏳⾔ passing, passage, attached) transit: ~-dome ㏳⾔Ḿࡴ closed tsuki-ai ௛ࡀྙ࠷ n ࠽௛ࡀྙ࠷ to traffic, No Passage; ~-nin ㏳ ⾔ெ passer-by association, social company, Tsukúba n ࡗࡂࡣ࣬➻ἴ Tsukuba friendship (= køsai ஹ㝷) tsuki-aimásu, tsuki-áu v ௛ࡀྙ࠷ࡱ tsukuda-ni n ࢵࢠࢱࢼ࣬డ↳ conࡌ, ௛ࡀྙ࠹: … to ~ …࡛௛ࡀྙ serves boiled down from fish or ࠷ࡱࡌ associates (with), enjoys seaweed the company of, goes out (with tsukue n ᮐ desk (= desuku ࢸࢪࢠ) tsukurí షࡽ1. n makeup, toilette one’s lover) tsuki-atari ✲ࡀᙔࡒࡽ n the end of 2. n artistically arranged slices



a street/corridor



of raw fish



tsuki-atarimásu, tsuki-atáru v ✲ࡀᙔ tsukúri-banashi n షࡽヨ (stories) ࡒࡽࡱࡌ, ✲ࡀᙔࡒࡾ runs into; fiction tsukurimásu, tsukúru v షࡽࡱࡌ, ~ comes to the end of (a street) tsuki-dashimásu, tsuki-dásu v ✲ࡀฝ షࡾ makes, creates, produces, ࡊࡱࡌ, ✲ࡀฝࡌ makes it promanufactures, prepares (fixes)



trude, sticks it out



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…-tsumori (de)wa/ja...



jikan o ~ ᫤㛣ࢅషࡽࡱࡌ makes tsuma-yōji n ࡗࡱࡻ࠹ࡋ࣬∆᳷ᯖ



(sets aside) time, sets up a time



toothpick



tsukurimásu, tsukúru v ㏸ࡽࡱࡌ, ㏸ tsuma-zukimásu, tsuma-zuku v ࡗࡱ ࡾ makes, forms, creates, grows, ࡍࡀࡱࡌ, ࡗࡱࡍࡂ stumbles manufactures, builds (big things) tsume n ∆ 1. claw (= kagizume tsukuroimásu, tsukuróu v ⧃࠷ࡱࡌ, 㖃∆) (→ taka-no-tsume 㮒ࡡ∆): ⧃࠹ mends, repairs tora no ~ ࢹࣚ>⹙@ࡡ∆ tiger’s tsukushimásu, tsukúsu v ᑸࡂࡊࡱࡌ, claw 3. hoof; tsume-kíri n ∆วࡽ ᑸࡂࡌ exhausts, runs out of; nail clippers; tsume-yásuri n ∆ࡷ ࡌࡽ nail file, emery board exerts oneself, strives tsúma n ጏ wife 1. my wife (= tsumemásu, tsuméru v ョࡴࡱࡌ, ョ kanai ᐓහ) 2. (your/someone ࡴࡾ 1. stuffs, crams 2. cans else’s) wife (= oku-san ዚࡈࢆ) tsumetai adj ෫ࡒ࠷ cold (to the tsumá n ࡗࡱ࣬〃 skirt (of Kimono) touch) tsumá n ࢵ࣏ sashimi garnishings tsúmi n ⨝ crime, sin, guilt, fault; tsumami ᦤࡲ࣬ࡗࡱࡲ 1. n a knob; ~-bukai ⨝῕࠷ sinful a pinch 2. n = tsumamimono ࡗ tsumi-(i)re n ࡗࡲࡿ ࡗࡲ࠷ࡿ ࡱࡲ∸, o-tsúmami ࠽ࡗࡱࡲ fishballs (for soup) things to nibble on while drink- tsumimásu, tsumu v ✒ࡲࡱࡌ, ✒ࡳ piles it up, accumulates it; ing (= sakana ࡈ࠾࡝࣬⫪) tsumamimásu, tsumamu v ᦤࡲࡱࡌ, deposits; loads ᦤࡳ pinches, picks; summarizes tsumimásu, tsumu v ᦤࡲࡱࡌ, ᦤࡳ tsumaránai adj ࡗࡱࡼ࡝࠷ worth- gathers, plucks, clips, picks tsumitate-kin n ✒❟㔘 reserve fund: less, no good, boring, trivial tsúmari adv ࡗࡱࡽ after all; in = ~-chókin ✒❟㈋㔘 installment short (= kekkyoku (no tokoro) savings ⤎ᑻࡡ࡛ࡆࢀ , yøsuruni こࡌ …-tsumori ࡗࡵࡽ intention, ࡾ࡞) plan, (what one has in) mind, tsumarimásu, tsumáru v ョࡱࡽࡱࡌ, purpose, expectation ョࡱࡾ is clogged up, choked; is …-tsumori (de)wa/ja... ࡗࡵࡽ࡚ stuck; is shortened; is crammed ࡢࡋࡶ [+ NEGATIVE verb] tsumáru tokoro ࡗࡱࡾ࡛ࡆࢀ = didn’t/don’t mean to, had/have no intention of: kau-tsumori wa tsúmari ࡗࡱࡽ (after all) tsumasaki n ࡗࡱ඙࣬∆඙ toe, toe arimasen ㈑࠹ࡗࡵࡽࡢ࠵ࡽࡱࡎ ࢆ I have no intention of buying: tip(s) tsumashíi adj ࡗࡱࡊ࠷࣬೛ࡊ࠷ is sumimasen, ki o warukusaserutsumori wa nakattandesu ࡌࡲ thrifty, frugal



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tsumují-kazé



ࡱࡎࢆࠉẴࢅᝇࡂࡈࡎࡾࡗࡵࡽ tsurai adj ࡗࡼ࠷࣬㎖࠷ painful, ࡢ࡝࠾ࡖࡒࢆ࡚ࡌ Sorry, I didn’t cruel, hard tsuranukimásu, tsuranuku v ㈇ࡀࡱࡌ, mean to offend you. tsumují-kazé n ࡗࡳࡋ㢴࣬᪍㢴 ㈇ࡂ 1. goes through, penetrates whirlwind (= kantsü shimásu ㈇㏳ࡊࡱࡌ, tsuná n ⥐ rope, cord, cable; tsuna kantsü suru ㈇㏳ࡌࡾ): dangan watari n ⥐ῳࡽ walking a tightga karada o tsuranukimashita ᙆ ୷࠿మࢅ㈇ࡀࡱࡊࡒ the bullet rope, balancing act tsúna n ࢵࢻ tuna(fish) (canned); went through the body 2. accomtsuna-sándo n ࢵࢻࢦࣤࢺ tuna-fish plishes: shinnen o ~ ಘᛍࢅ㈇ࡀ ࡱࡌ has the courage of one’s sandwich tsunagari ࡗ࡝࠿ࡽ࣬⦽࠿ࡽ n convictions tsurara n ࢵࣚࣚ࣬ểᰍ icicle connection, relation tsunagarimásu, tsunagaru v ࡗ࡝࠿ tsure ㏻ࡿ n company, companion ࡽࡱࡌ, ࡗ࡝࠿ࡾ is connected, tsurimásu, tsureru v ㏻ࡿࡱࡌ, ㏻ࡿ ࡾ brings along, is accompanied linked tsunagi ࡗ࡝ࡁ n a link, a conby (brings/takes one along) tsurenái adj ࡗࡿ࡝࠷ coldhearted, nection tsunagimásu, tsunagu v ࡗ࡝ࡁࡱࡌ, cruel ࡗ࡝ࡃ connects, links, ties tsuri n ࡗࡽ࣬㔦ࡽ fishing; tsurisen ࡗࡽ㖱 (small) change tsunami n ὘ἴ tsunami tsúne (no) adj ᖏࡡ usual, tsuri 㔦ࡽ n fishing: sakana-~ 㨮 㔦ࡽ fishing: ippon-zuri ୌᮇ㔦 ordinary tsunerimásu, tsunéru v ࡗࡠࡽࡱࡌ, ࡽ single hook fishing; tsuri-bari n ࡗࡠࡾ pinches 㔦ࡽ㔢 fishhook; tsuri-dōgu n 㔦ࡽ tsunézune n ࡗࡠࡘࡠ࣬ᖏࠍ all 㐠ර fishing gear; tsuri-zao n 㔦ࡽ the time, usually (= fudan ᬉṹ, ➆ fishing rod itsumo ࠷ࡗࡵ) tsuri n ࡗࡽ࣬ྛࡽ hanging tsunó n ぽ horn (of an animal): (things), hanging tool: kubi-~ sai no ~ ࢦ࢕ࡡぽ rhinoceros horn jisatsu 㤫ྛࡽ⮤ṽ suicide by tsū-píisu n ࢵ࣭ࣅ࣭ࢪ a two-piece hanging: zubon-~ ࢫ࣍ࣤࡗࡽ >ྛࡽ@ suspender, galluses; tsuriwoman’s suit tsurá n 㟻࣬ࡗࡼ (slipshod Japan- bashi n ࡗࡽ>ྛࡽ@ᶣ suspension ese) 1. face (= kao 㢞) 2. surface, bridge; tsuri-gane n ࡗࡽ>ྛࡽ@㚕 appearance: uwat-~ dake de han- big bell (temple, etc.) dan shimásu ୕ࡖ㟻ࡓࡄ࡚ึ᩷ tsuriai n 㔦ࡽ ྙ࠷࣬ࡗࡽ࠵࠷ ࡊࡱࡌ judges only by appearances balance, equilibrium, symmetry



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tsutsushimimásu, tsutsushimu



tsurimásu, tsuru v ྛࡽࡱࡌ, ྛࡾ



hangs it (by a line), suspends, strings up tsurimásu, tsuru v 㔦ࡽࡱࡌ, 㔦ࡾ fishes tsū´ro n ㏳㊨ 1. passage(way) (= tøri-michi ㏳ࡽ㐠) 2. aisle (= røka ᗧୖ) 3. thoroughfare tsurú n ࢵࣜ࣬ⶕ vine; earpieces of a glass frame tsurú n ࡗࡾ࣬ᘳ string (of bow or violin) tsurú n ࡗࡾ࣬㕯 handle tsúru n ࢵࣜ࣬㭧 crane (bird) tsurugí n ๟࣬ࡗࡾࡁ sword tsūshin n ㏳ಘ 1. correspondence: ~-køza ㏳ಘㅦᗑ correspondence course: ~-hanbai ㏳ಘ㈅኉ mail order 2. report, news: gakkyü~ Ꮥ⣥㏳ಘ class report/news 3. communications: ~-shudan ㏳ಘ ᡥṹ means of communication tsutá n ࢵࢰ࣬ⶤ ivy tsutaé n ఎ࠻ → dengon ఎゕ,



tsuto adv ࡗ࡛ [BOOKISH] quickly tsutomé n ໂࡴ [BOOKISH] work(ing), job (post); tsutome-nin n ໂࡴெ office worker; tsutomesaki n ໂࡴ඙ place of employ-



ment, one’s office tsutomé n ຸࡴ duty, role tsutomemásu, tsutoméru v ໂࡴࡱࡌ, ໂࡴࡾ [BOOKISH] is employed, works; works as; ginkø´-in o ~ 㖗⾔ဤࢅໂࡴ>ຸࡴ@ࡱࡌ works



as a bank clerk tsutomemásu, tsutoméru v ຑࡴࡱࡌ, ຑࡴࡾ [BOOKISH] exerts oneself,



strives, endeavors



tsutsu n ➼ cylinder, pipe (= kuda ⟮, kan ⟮) …´tsútsu suffix …ࡗࡗ [LITERARY] 1. = …-nágara …࡝࠿ࡼ (while doing) 2. … (shi)~ arimásu … ࡊ ࡗࡗ࠵ࡽࡱࡌ is about to … (= …-te imásu …࡙࠷ࡱࡌ) tsutsúji n ࢵࢵࢩ azalea tsutsumí n ໜࡲ package, bundle: messēji ࣒ࢴࢬ࣭ࢩ ~-gami ໜࡲ⣤ package paper (= tsutaemásu, tsutaeru v ఎ࠻ࡱࡌ, høsø-shi ໜ⿞⣤) ఎ࠻ࡾ passes it on to someone tsutsumí n ላ 1. dike, bank, emelse; reports, communicates; bankment 2. reservoir (= chosuichi ㈋Ềờ) transmits; hands down tsutanai adj ࡗࡒ࡝࠷࣬ᣃ࠷ halt- tsutsumimásu, tsutsúmu v ໜࡲࡱࡌ, ing, unskillful, poor (= heta ୖᡥ) ໜࡳ wraps it up tsutawarimásu, tsutawaru v ఎࢂࡽ tsutsushimi n ួࡲ prudence, ࡱࡌ, ఎࢂࡾ is passed on; is discretion tsutsushimimásu, tsutsushimu v ួࡲ reported, communicated; is ࡱࡌ, ួࡳ is discreet, is careful; transmitted; is handed down tsuto n ࡗ࡛࣬ⱎ straw wrapping, refrains from: kotoba o ~ ゕⴝࢅ ួࡲࡱࡌ is careful about how straw-wrapped package



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tsutsushimimásu, tsutsushimu



one speaks and behaves



light (clear) soup



tsutsushimimásu, tsutsushimu v ㅵࡲ tsuzukemásu, tsuzukeru v ⤾ࡄࡱࡌ, ࡱࡌ, ㅵࡳ is humble, is reverent ⤾ࡄࡾ continues it, goes on tsu(t)tsukimásu, tsu(t)tsúku v ࡗࡖ (with it) tsuzukete ⤾ࡄ࡙ adv continuously, ࡗࡀࡱࡌ, ࡗࡖ ࡗࡂ pecks at



[INFORMAL]



in succession, going on (to the



tsuya n ࢵࣕ࣬Ⰷ gloss, shine, next) luster (= gurosu ࢡࣞࢪ, køtaku tsuzuki n ⤾ࡀ continuation, කἉ); tsuya-keshi n ࢵࣕ>Ⰷ@ᾐࡊ sequel, series tsuzukimásu, tsuzuku v ⤾ࡀࡱࡌ, ⤾ matte tsuya n ㏳እ (funeral)-wake, allࡂ it continues (will continue);



night vigil over a body



adjoins



tsū´yaku n ㏳ズ interpreter; interpreting: ~-sha ㏳ズ⩽ an inter-



tsuzuku n ⤾ࡂ To Be Continued tsuzumarimásu, tsuzumáru v ࡗࡘࡱ ࡽࡱࡌ, ࡗࡘࡱࡾ [BOOKISH] it



preter tsuyo-bi n ᙁℾ high flame tsūyō shimásu (suru) v ㏳⏕ࡊࡱࡌ ࡌࡾ 1. is used commonly 2. is accepted among people, is valid: sekai dewa tsüyø shimasén ୠ⏲࡚ࡢ㏳⏕ࡊࡱࡎࢆ is not



accepted in the world tsuyói adj ᙁ࠷ strong; tsúyosa ᙁࡈ strength tsuyu n ࡗࡹ࣬ᱭ㞭 rainy season



shrinks, gets shortened tsuzumí n 㰐࣬ࡗࡘࡲ drum (hour-



glass-shaped) tsuzure n ⥓ࡿ 1. rags 2. hand-



woven brocade tsuzuri n ⥓ࡽ࣬ࡗࡘࡽ 1. spelling 2. binding, bound (sewn) pages tsuzurimásu, tsuzuru v ⥓ࡽࡱࡌ, ⥓ࡾ 1. spells 2. composes, writes 3. patches; binds; sews



(in Japan)



(together/up)



tsúyu n 㟚 dew tu… → tsu… tsúyu n ࡗࡹ࣬Ị (o-tsúyu ࠽ࡗࡹ) ty… → ch…



U u n ࢗ࣬㬴 cormorant (fishing bird); u-kai n 㬴㣣࠷ cormorant



fishing



guruma n ஘ẍ㌬ baby carriage ubaimásu, ubáu v ዞ࠷ࡱࡌ, ዞ࠹



seizes, robs, plunders



uba n ஘ẍ nanny (who cares for uchi n ࠹ࡔ࣬ᐓ 1. ~ ࠽࠹ࡔ>࠽ baby/babies in a household); uba- ᐓ@ house, home; family: ~ no



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náka de/ni ࠹ࡔ>ᐓ@ࡡ୯࡚࡞ indoors 2. … uchí, … uchi (no) ࠹ࡔࡡ [INFORMAL] we/us; I/me; our, my: ~ no kazoku ࠹ࡔࡡᐓ ᪐ my family uchi n හ … no ~ (de) … ࡡහ ࡚ inside; among uchi n ࠹ࡔ …-(shi)nai ~ ni … ࡊ ࡝࠷࠹ࡔ࡞ before it happens



ue



uchi-keshi n ᡬࡔᾐࡊ denial;



negation, negative uchi-keshimásu, uchi-kesu v ᡬࡔᾐ ࡊࡱࡌ, ᡬࡔᾐࡌ denies (a rumor,



etc.), takes back a remark uchi-koroshimásu, uchi-korósu v ᦹࡔ ṽࡊࡱࡌ, ᦹࡔṽࡌ shoots to



death uchimásu, útsu v ᡬࡔࡱࡌ, ᡬࡗ



(while it has not yet happened)



hits, strikes, hammers; sends a



uchi-… prefix හ inside, inner; uchi-bori n හᇷ inner moat; uchigawa n හഁ the inside; uchi-ki (na) adj හẴ࡝ shy [IN POSITIVE SENSE]: ~ na seikaku හẴ࡝ᛮ᰹ shy disposition; uchi-wa n හ㍧ ① the family circle; the inside: ~ no hanashi හ㍧ࡡヨ private matter, family affair ② uchiwa (na) හ㍧࡝ moderate, modest, conservative; uchi-wake n හズ



telegram; uchí-mí n ᡬࡔ㌗ bruise uchimásu, útsu v ᦹࡔࡱࡌ, ᦹࡗ fires, shoots (a gun) uchíwa n ࠹ࡔࢂ࣬ᅆᡢ (Japanese)



a flat fan uchōten n ᭯㡤ኮ rapturous delight,



being beside oneself with joy, being in seventh heaven, being overjoyed: ~ ni narimásu ᭯㡤ኮ ࡞࡝ࡽࡱࡌ goes into raptures úchū n Ꮻᏼ universe, (outer) breakdown, particulars, details: space; uchū-fuku n Ꮻᏼ᭱ spaceshishutsu no ~ ᨥฝࡡහズ suit; uchū-hikō-shi n Ꮻᏼ㣍⾔ኃ breakdown of expenditures astronaut uchi-age n ᡬࡔ୕ࡅ 1. launch udé n ⭆ 1. arm 2. special skill; (rocket) 2. close (performance, ude-dókei n ⭆᫤゛ wristwatch; ude-gumi n ⭆⤄ࡲ folding one’s project, etc.) uchi-akemásu, uchi-akeru v ᡬࡔ᪺ࡄ arms; ude-jiman (no) adj ⭆⮤ះ ࡱࡌ, ᡬࡔ᪺ࡄࡾ confesses, ࡡ proud of one’s skill; udekiki (no) adj ⭆ฺࡀࡡ skilled, frankly reveals, confides uchi-awase n ᡬࡔྙࢂࡎ࣬ᡬྙࡎ competent, able; ude-maé n ⭆๑ consultation, meeting (in the office, prowess, skill, ability etc. by appointment) (= kaigi ఌ údo n ࢗࢺ࣬≺Ὡ Japanese celery ㆗, miitingu ࣐࣭ࢷ࢔ࣤࢡ) udon n ࠹࡜ࢆ Japanese wheatuchi-awasemásu, uchi-awaséru v ᡬࡔ flour noodles: ~-ya ࠹࡜ࢆᒁ ྙࢂࡎࡱࡌ, ᡬࡔྙࢂࡎࡾ holds Japanese noodle shop ue n ୕ 1. …ué …୕ above, a meeting/consultation 299



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ue



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



upper part, surface, top: … no ~ ugokimásu, ugóku v ິࡀࡱࡌ, ິࡂ (de/ni/no) …ࡡ୕࡚࡞ࡡ on, one/it moves on top of 2. ué ୕ (= toshi-~ ᖳ uindo-burē´kā n ࢗ࢕ࣤࢺࣇ࣭ࣝ࢜ ୕) older, oldest ࣭ windbreaker ue v 㣒࠻ hunger, starvation uindō shoppingu n ࢗ࢔ࣤࢺࢗࢨࣘ uédingu-… prefix ࢙ࢗࢸ࢔ࣤࢡ ࢴࣅࣤࢡ window shopping wedding; uédingu-doresu n ࢙ࢗࢸ uínku n ࢗ࢕ࣤࢠ wink(ing) ࢔ࣤࢡࢺࣝࢪ wedding dress uirusu n ࢗ࢕ࣜࢪ virus; ~-taisakusofuto ࢗ࢕ࣜࢪᑊ➿ࢮࣆࢹ (= hanayome-ishø ⰴᎋ⾨⿸); uédingu-pātii n ࢙ࢗࢸ࢔ࣤࢡࣂ࣭ antivirus software ࢷ࢔ wedding party; uédingu-ringu uísúkíi n ࢗ࢕ࢪ࣭࢞, wísukii ࢗ࢔ n ࢙ࢗࢸ࢔ࣤࢡࣛࣤࢡ wedding ࢪ࣭࢞ whisky úji n Ắ clan, family; family name ring uehāsu n ࢙ࢗࣀ࣭ࢪ wafer (= sei ጞ) ueki n ᳔ᮄ garden/potted plant; uji (mushi) n ࢗࢩ࣑ࢨ ࣬⺣⹰ ueki-ya n ᳔ᮄᒁ gardener maggot uemásu, ueru v ᳔࠻ࡱࡌ, ᳔࠻ࡾ ukabimásu, ukabu v ᾃ࠾ࡦࡱࡌ, ᾃ ࠾ࡩ floats plants, grows plant uemásu, uéru v 㣒࠻ࡱࡌ, 㣒࠻ࡾ ukagai n చ࠷ visit; inquiry, constarves (hungers) sultation Ueno n ୕㔕 Ueno; Uenó-Eki ୕㔕 ukagaimásu, ukagau v చ࠷ࡱࡌ, 㥈 Ueno Station; Ueno-Kø´en ୕ చ࠹ [HUMBLE] I visit (you); I 㔕පᅧ Ueno Park inquire; I hear uérudan n ࢙ࢗࣜࢱࣤ well-done ukagaimásu, ukagau v ❒࠷ࡱࡌ, ❒࠹ keeps a watchful eye on (beef) uésuto n ࢙ࢗࢪࢹ waist (= koshi (the situation); (kikái/chansu ⭔); ~-pøchi ࢙ࢗࢪࢹ࣭࣎ࢲ o ~ ᶭఌࢲࣔࣤࢪࢅ❒࠷ࡱࡌ) belt bag watches for (an opportunity) uē´tā n ࢙࣭ࢗࢰ࣭ waiter ukai n ㎵ᅂ࣬࠹ᅂ detour uē´toresu n ࢙࣭ࢗࢹࣝࢪ waitress ukárimásu, ukáru v ུ࠾ࡽࡱࡌ, ུ ugai n ࠹࠿࠷ a gargle; ugai (o) ࠾ࡾ passes, succeeds shimásu (suru) v ࠹࠿࠷ࢅ ࡊࡱࡌ ukatsu n ࠹࠾ࡗ࣬㎵㜇 carelessness, ࡌࡾ gargles inattentiveness, thoughtlessness: ugokashimásu, ugokásu v ິ࠾ࡊࡱ ~ ni mo ࠹࠾ࡗ>㎵㜇@࡞ࡵ careࡌ, ິ࠾ࡌ moves it lessly, inattentively, thoughtlessly ugokí n ິࡀmovement, motion; uke-iremásu, uké-ireru v ུࡄථࡿࡱ ࡌ, ུࡄථࡿࡾ accepts trend 300



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ume



ukemásu, ukéru v ུࡄࡱࡌ, ུࡄࡾ uki-bori n ᾃࡀᙦࡽ relief (sculp-



accepts; receives; takes; gets; ture consisting of shapes carved suffers, incurs on a surface) (= reriifu ࣭ࣝࣛࣆ): ukemi n ུ㌗ 1. passive voice shinjutsu o ~ ni shimásu 真実ࢅ 2. passive (attitude) ᾃࡀᙦࡽ࡞ࡊࡱࡌ call attention uke-mochimásu, uke-mótsu v ུࡄᣚ to the fact that ... ࡔࡱࡌ, ུࡄᣚࡗ takes/accepts/ ukimásu, uku v ᾃࡀࡱࡌ, ᾃࡂ floats ukiwa n ᾃࡀ㍧ inner tube (swimhas charge of uke-oi n ㄫㇿ࣬ㄫࡄㇿ࠷ a ming) ukiyo n ᾃୠ [BOOKISH] this fleetcontract (to undertake work); ukeoi-gyōsha n ㄫࡄ ㇿ࠷ ᴏ⩽ ing world, transient world; ukiyo-e contractor; ukeoi-shigoto n ㄫࡄ n ᾃୠ⤦ Japanese woodblock ㇿ࠷ ௘஥ contract work prints uke-oimásu, uke-óu v ㄫࡄㇿ࠷ࡱࡌ, ukkári adv ࠹ࡖ࠾ࡽ absentmindㄫࡄㇿ࠹ contracts (to undertake edly (= tsui ࡗ࠷) umá n ࣏ࢗ࣬㤷 horse work) ukeoi-nin n ㄫㇿெ contractor uma ga aimásu (au) v ࣏ࢗ>㤷@࠿ྙ uketamawarimásu, uketamawáru v ᢆ ࠷ࡱࡌྙ࠹ gets on well, gets ࡽࡱࡌ, ᢆࡾ I (humbly) hear/ along well umái adj ࠹ࡱ࠷࣬᪠࠷࣬⨶࿝࠷ listen/consent uke-torimásu, uke-toru v ུࡄཱིࡽࡱ (commonly male) tasty, delicious ࡌ, ུࡄཱིࡾ accepts, receives, (= oishii ⨶࿝ࡊ࠷) umái adj ࠹ࡱ࠷࣬୕ᡥ࠷ 1. skilltakes; takes it (= understand it) uketsugimásu, uketsugu v ུࡄ⤽ࡁ ful, good (= jøzu ୕ᡥ) 2. sucࡱࡌ, ུࡄ⤽ࡃ succeeds to cessful, profitable uke-tsuke n ུ௛ acceptance; úmaku adv ࠹ࡱࡂ࣬᪠ࡂ࣬⨶࿝ࡂ information desk; receptionist so as to be tasty uke-tsukemásu, uke-tsukéru v ུࡄ௛ úmaku adv ࠹ࡱࡂ࣬୕ᡥࡂ 1. skillࡄࡱࡌ, ུࡄ௛ࡄࡾ accepts, fully 2. successfully ūman ribu n ࣭࣏ࢗࣤࣛࣇ women’s receives uke-uri n ུࡄ኉ࡽ borrowing liberation umare ⏍ࡱࡿ࣬⏐ࡱࡿ n birth someone else’s ideas uké-zara n ུࡄ⓸ saucer (for cup) umaremásu, umareru v ⏍ࡱࡿ>⏐ uki n 㞭Ꮢ࣬㞭᭿ rainy season ࡱࡿ@ࡱࡌ, ⏍ࡱࡿ>⏐ࡱࡿ@ࡾ ukiashi dachimásu (dátsu) v ᾃࡀ㊂❟ is born ࡔࡱࡌ ❟ࡗ is wavering, is ume n ࣒ࢗ࣬ᱭ Japanese apricot ready to run away (“plum”); ume-boshi n ᱭᖱࡊ 301



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umeki



pickled plum/apricot; ume-shu n ᱭ㒿 apricot wine umekí n ࠹ࡴࡀ࣬࿢ࡀ a groan umekimásu, uméku v ࠹ࡴࡀࡱࡌ࣬ ࿢ࡀࡱࡌ, ࠹ࡴࡂ࣬࿢ࡂ groans umemásu, umeru v ᇔࡴࡱࡌ, ᇔࡴ ࡾ buries (= uzumemásu ࠹ࡍࡴ ࡱࡌ࣬ᇔࡴࡱࡌ) umí n ࠹ࡲ࣬⮃ pus úmi n ᾇ sea; umibe n ᾇ㎮ (sea-) shore, seaside; umi ni sen-nen yama ni sen-nen ᾇ࡞༐ᖳᒜ࡞༐ᖳ ① knowing every trick in the book ② a sly old fox (= umi-sen yamasen ᾇ༐ᒜ༐); umi no hi n ᾇࡡ᪝



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



unagashimásu, unagásu v ಀࡊࡱࡌ, ಀࡌ stimulates, urges (on) unagi n ࢗࢻ࢟࣬㫈 eel; una-don n ࠹࡝୺ a bowl of rice topped with broiled eel; unagi nobori n ࠹࡝ࡁⓇࡽ>୕ࡽ@࣬㫈Ⓡࡽ>୕ ࡽ@ rising rapidly and steadily



(prices, etc.) unarí n ၑࡽ࣬࠹࡝ࡽ a roar; a



growl a groan unarimásu, unáru v ၑࡽࡱࡌ, ၑࡾ roars; growls; (= umekimásu ࠹ ࡴࡀࡱࡌ࣬࿢ࡀࡱࡌ) groans unazukimásu v ࠹࡝ࡍࡀࡱࡌ࣬㢌 ࡀࡱࡌ, unazuku ࠹࡝ࡍࡂ࣬㢌 ࡂ nods únchin n 㐘㈜ fare (transportation) undō n 㐘ິ 1. movement: shakai-~ ♣ఌ㐘ິ social movement: senkyo-~ 㐽ᣪ㐘ິ election campaign 2. exercise; sports; athletics; ~-senshu 㐘ິ㐽ᡥ athlete únga n 㐘ἑ canal úni n ࢗࢼ࣬㞴୸ sea urchin (roe) unpan n 㐘ᦑ transport(-ation) (of



Marine day, Ocean Day (3rd Monday of July) umimásu, umu v ⏍ࡲࡱࡌ࣬⏐ࡲࡱ ࡌ, ⏍ࡳ࣬⏐ࡳ gives birth to, bears umimásu, úmu v ⮃ࡲࡱࡌ, ⮃ࡳ festers umō n ⩒ẗ feather úmu n ᭯↋ existence (or nonexistence): ~ o iwasazu ᭯↋ࢅゕ ࢂࡈࡍ forcibly (= muriyari ↋⌦ ࡷࡽ) goods and/or people) ún n 㐘 fate, luck (→ fu-un (na) unsō n 㐘㏞ transport(-ation) (of ୘㐘࡝ , kōun ᖶ㐘); ún ga íi adj goods) (= unpan 㐘ᦑ ; unsō-gyōsha 㐘㏞ᴏ⩽ n transportation 㐘࠿࠷࠷ lucky; ún ga warui adj 㐘࠿ᝇ࠷ unlucky; ún-mei n 㐘࿤ company; unsō-ya n 㐘㏞ᒁ exdestiny, fate: ~ no akai-ito 㐘࿤ press/forwarding agent; (house) ࡡ㉝࠷⣊ red string of fate, red mover (= hikkoshi-ya ᘤࡖ㉲ thread of destiny; ún-waruku adv ࡊᒁ 㐘ᝇࡂ unluckily; ún-yoku adv 㐘 unten n 㐘㌷ operation, operating; Ⰳࡂ luckily (= saiwai ᖶ࠷) untén-menkyo (-shō) n 㐘㌷ඞスチ ún interj ࠹ࢆ = n ࢆ [INFORMAL] driver’s license; untén-shu n 㐘㌷ ᡥ driver yeah, yes 302



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JAPANESE–ENGLISH



unto adv ࠹ࢆ࡛ much, a good



deal, greatly



uri



ura-girí n ⿤วࡽ a double-cross,



betrayal, treachery



unubore ga tsuyói adj ࠹࡟࡯ࡿ࠿ ura-girimásu, ura-gíru v ⿤วࡽࡱࡌ, ᙁ࠷ vain, conceited ⿤วࡾ betrays, double-crosses “un-un” interj ࠹ࢆ࠹ࢆ = n´n uramí n ᜗ࡲ grudge, resentment, ࢆࢆ ill will, enmity; urami o kaimásu unyu n 㐘㍲ transport(ation) (of (kau) v ᜗ࡲࢅ㈑࠷ࡱࡌ ㈑࠹ goods) (= unsø 㐘㏞ incurs someone’s enmity unzári shimásu (suru) v ࠹ࢆࡉࡽࡊ uramimásu, urámu v ᜗ࡲࡱࡌ, ᜗ࡳ ࡱࡌࡌࡾ gets bored, gets sick begrudges, resents uranái n ༥࠷ fortune-telling; and tired uo n ࢛ࢗ࣬㨮 fish (= sakana ࢦ࢜ ~-shi ༥࠷ᖅ fortune-teller ࢻ࣬㨮) urayamashíi adj ⩆ࡱࡊ࠷࣬࠹ࡼࡷ uo no me n ࠹࠽ࡡࡴ࣬㨮ࡡ┘ ࡱࡊ࠷ enviable; envious urayamimásu, urayámu v ⩆ࡲࡱࡌ࣬ foot corn uppun n ࠹ࡖࡪࢆ࣬㨒៵ frustra࠹ࡼࡷࡲࡱࡌ, ⩆ࡳ࣬࠹ࡼࡷࡳ



tion, pent-up anger, pent-up dis- envies content: ~ o harashimásu ࠹ࡖࡪ ure-kuchi n ኉ࡿཾ sales outlet uremásu, ureru v ኉ࡿࡱࡌ, ኉ࡿࡾ ࢆࢅᬍࡼࡊࡱࡌ vents one’s 1. it sells, is in demand; thrives; anger urá n ⿤ reverse (side), back; lin- is popular 2. can sell ing; what’s behind it; the alley; ureshíi adj ࠹ࡿࡊ࠷࣬Ꭺࡊ࠷ glad, urá n ⿤ sole (of foot): ashi no ~ delightful, pleasant, wonderful, ㊂ࡡ⿤ sole of foot; ura-dō´ri n ⿤ happy ㏳ࡽ back street, alley; ura-gáeshi úri n ࢗࣛ࣬⎡ fruit of the gourd (no) adj ⿤㏁ࡊࡡ inside-out; family; úri futatsu n ࢗࣛ>⎡@஦ࡗ ura-gáeshimásu, ura-gáesu v ⿤㏁ࡊ like two peas in a pod (not to ࡱࡌ, ⿤㏁ࡌ turns over; turns literally mean, “two melons”) (= inside out; ura-guchi n ⿤ཾ back sokkuri ࡐࡖࡂࡽ) door; ura-me ni demásu/deru v ⿤┘ uri v ኉ࡽ sale; uri-ba n ኉ࡽሔ ࡞ฝࡱࡌฝࡾ backfires, turns (shop) counter, stand; shop, store; uri-dashi n ኉ࡽฝࡊ (special) sale; out badly; ura-mon n ⿤㛓 back gate; ura-omote no aru hito n ⿤⾪ࡡ uri-dashimásu ኉ࡽฝࡊࡱࡌ puts ࠵ࡾெ two-faced person on sale/market; launches; uri-kire urá n ὾ bay n, adj ኉ࡽวࡿ sellout; sold out; urabon n ࠹ࡼ>⓺⹊@⓽ the Bon uri-ko n ኉ࡽᏄ sales clerk; shopFestival (= o-bón ࠽⓽) girl; uri-mono n ኉ࡽ∸ sales goods/ 303



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uri-kiremásu, uri-kiréru



item, (something) for sale; uri-nushi n ኉ࡽ୹ seller; uri-te n ኉ࡽᡥ seller (= uri-nushi ኉ࡽ୹) uri-kiremásu, uri-kiréru v ኉ࡽวࡿࡱ ࡌ, ኉ࡽวࡿࡾ sells out, runs out of urimásu, uru v ኉ࡽࡱࡌ, ኉ࡾ sells uroko n ࢗࣞࢤ࣬㫛 scales (on a fish) urotsukimásu, urotsuku v ࠹ࢀࡗࡀ ࡱࡌ, ࠹ࢀࡗࡂ hangs around ū´ru n ࣭ࢗࣜ wool urū´-doshi n ࠹ࡾ࠹>㛠@ᖳ leap year urume (-íwashi) n ࣒ࢗࣜ࢕࣠ࢨ ࣬₮┘㪿 large (and usually dried) sardine urusái adj ࠹ࡾࡈ࠷ annoying, noisy (= sawagashii 㥹࠿ࡊ࠷) urushi n ࢗࣜࢨ࣬⁵ lacquer;



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



ushiro n ᚃࢀ behind; (in) back úso n ࠹ࡐ࣬Ⴭ lie, false(hood), fib; usó-tsuki n ࠹ࡐࡗࡀ࣬Ⴭࡗ ࡀ liar úsu n ࠹ࡌ࣬⮳ (utensil) mortar usu-cha n ⷟Ⲍ weak powdered tea (= o-úsu ࠽⷟) usui adj ⷟࠷ thin utá n ḯ 1. song 2. (Japanese)



31-syllable poem utá n モ modern poem utagai adj ␪࠷ a doubt: ~ náku ␪࠷࡝ࡂ undoubtedly, doubtless utagaimásu, utagau v ␪࠷ࡱࡌ, ␪࠹ doubts utagawashíi v ␪ࢂࡊ࠷ doubtful utai n ㅬ [BOOKISH] chanting a



Noh libretto utaimásu, utau v ḯ࠷ࡱࡌ, ḯ࠹



~-nuri no utsuwa ⁵ሧࡽࡡჹ sings; recites, chants utaimásu, utau v ࠹ࡒ࠷>ㅳ࠷@ࡱࡌ, lacquerware (= shikki ⁵ჹ) uruwashii adj ࠹ࡾࢂࡊ࠷࣬㮿ࡊ࠷ ࠹ࡒ࠹࣬ㅳ࠹ expressly states; [BOOKISH] 1. beautiful 2. heartextols uten n 㞭ኮ [BOOKISH] rainy warming usa-barashi n ៟ࡈᬍࡼࡊ distracweather: ~-kekkø 㞭ኮỬ⾔ tion (from emotional pain, rain or shine: ~-chüshi 㞭ኮ୯Ḿ



suffering, etc.), diversion, break, Canceled in case of rain. utói adj ࠹࡛࠷࣬␧࠷; … ni ~ something to cheer one up usagi n ࢗࢦ࢟࣬ඟ rabbit, hare …࡞␧࠷>࠹࡛࠷@ out of touch usan kusai adj ࠹ࡈࢆࡂࡈ࠷࣬⬄ with …, not abreast of … ᩋ⮧࠷ fishy, suspicious-looking útouto adv ࠹࡛࠹࡛ drowsing usetsu shimásu (suru) v ྎᢙࡊࡱࡌ (off) (= utsura utsura ࠹ࡗࡼ࠹ ࡌࡾ turns right ࡗࡼ) ushi n ࢗࢨ࣬∭ ox, oxen; cow, utsubuse n ࠹ࡗࡩࡎ࣬ಟࡎ lying cattle on one’s stomach ushinaimásu, ushinau v ኶࠷ࡱࡌ, utsukushíi adj ⨶ࡊ࠷ beautiful ኶࠹ loses utsumukemásu, utsumukeru v ࠹ࡗࡳ 304



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JAPANESE–ENGLISH



uwa-mawarimásu, uwa-mawaru



ࡄࡱࡌ, ࠹ࡗࡳࡄࡾ; kao o ~ 㢞ࢅ sonality: ~ ga/no økii hito ჹ࠿ ࠹ࡗࡳࡄࡱࡌ turns one’s face ࡡኬࡀ࠷ெ person of high caliber uttae n セ࠻ complaint, lawsuit down utsumukimásu, utsumúku v ࠹ࡗࡳࡀ uttaemásu, uttaéru v セ࠻ࡱࡌ, セ࠻ ࡱࡌ, ࠹ࡗࡳࡂ lowers one’s ࡾ accuses, sues: kujø o ~ ⱖ᝗ࢅ セ࠻ࡱࡌ complains eyes, hangs one’s head utsurí n ᫆ࡽ reflection, picture uttetsuke (no) adj ࠹ࡖ࡙ࡗࡄࡡ



quality; (a becoming) match



the most suitable; just right, just the …, just the one/ticket uttóri (to) adv ࠹ࡖ࡛ࡽ࡛ absorbed, fascinated uttōshíi adj ࠹ࡖ࡛࠹ࡊ࠷ gloomy, dismal, dreary: ~ tenki ࠹ࡖ࡛࠹ ࡊ࠷ኮẴ gloomy weather is reflected; can be seen (through); uwabaki n ୕ᒓࡀ࣬୕ࡣࡀ indoor footwear (slippers, etc.): ~ jisan is becoming utsurimásu, utsúru v ෕ࡽࡱࡌ, ෕ࡾ ୕ᒓࡀᣚཤ Bring your indoor comes out (photograph) shoes. utsuro (na) adj ࠹ࡗࢀ࣬⹣ࢀ࡝ uwabe n ୕㎮࣬࠹ࢂ࡬ 1. surface hollow, empty, vacant: ~ na (= hyømen ⾪㟻) 2. outer hyøjø´ o mísete ࠹ࡗࢀ>⹣ࢀ@࡝ appearances (= gaikan አび): ~ o ⾪᝗ࢅずࡎ࡙ with a blank look tsukuroimásu ࠹ࢂ࡬ࢅࡗࡂࢀ࠷ utsushimásu, utsúsú v ⛛ࡊࡱࡌ, >⧃࠷@ࡱࡌ puts up a front ⛛ࡌ moves/transfers it uwagaki n ୕᭡ࡀ 1. address utsushimásu, utsúsú v ࠹ࡗࡊࡱࡌ, (written on envelope, etc.) 2. ࠹ࡗࡌ infects, gives another overwriting: ~-hozon ୕᭡ࡀಕᏋ person a disease (illness) overwrite save: ~-mødo ୕᭡ࡀ utsushimásu, utsúsú v ෕ࡊࡱࡌ, ࣓࣭ࢺ overwrite mode ෕ࡌ copies; takes a picture of; uwagi n ୕╌ coat, jacket, blouse uwagoto n ࠹ࢂࡇ࡛࣬࠹ࢂゕ ravprojects a picture utsushimásu, utsúsú v ᫆ࡊࡱࡌ, ᫆ ing, delirium ࡌ reflects, mirrors uwaki adj ᾃẴ 1. ~ (na) ᾃẴ࡝ fickle 2. ~ (o) shimásu ᾃẴࢅ utsutsu o nukashimásu (nukasu) v ࠹ࡗࡗࢅᢜ࠾ࡊࡱࡌ ᢜ࠾ࡌ is ࡊࡱࡌ is unfaithful, has an engrossed, is addicted (extramarital) affair utsuwa n ჹ 1. receptacle, utensil, uwa-mawarimásu, uwa-mawaru v ୕ᅂ container 2. tool 3. ability, per- ࡽࡱࡌ, ୕ᅂࡾ exceeds 305 utsurimásu, utsúru v ⛛ࡽࡱࡌ, ⛛ࡾ 1. one/it moves, shifts 2. changes 3. moves house/residence (= hikkoshimásu ᘤ㉲ࡊࡱࡌ, hikkosu ᘤ㉲ࡌ utsurimásu, utsúru v ᫆ࡽࡱࡌ, ࡾ᫆



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JAPANESE–ENGLISH



uwasa



uwasa n ࠹ࢂࡈ࣬ფ rumor, gossip uyamai n ᩏ࠷ reverence, respect uyamaimásu, uyamáu v ᩏ࠷ࡱࡌ, ᩏ࠹ reveres, respects uyamuya n ࠹ࡷࡳࡷ obscurity,



pool; (uzu-maki) rōru-kēki n Ὸᕬ ࡀ ࣭ࣞࣜࢢ࣭࢞ swiss roll; uzushio n Ὸ₳ whirling current uzumarimásu, uzumaru v ࠹ࡍࡱࡽ ࡱࡌ࣬ᇔࡱࡽࡱࡌ, ࠹ࡍࡱࡾ࣬ᇔ ࡱࡾ gets buried vagueness uyamuya ni shimásu (suru) v ࠹ࡷࡳ uzumemásu, uzumeru v ࠹ࡍࡴࡱ ࡷ࡞ࡊࡱࡌ ࡌࡾ is wishyࡌ࣬ᇔࡴࡱࡌ, ࠹ࡍࡴࡾ࣬ᇔࡴ ࡾ buries washy, obscures the issue uyoku n ྎ⩴ (political party) the uzura n ࢗࢫࣚ࣬㭐 quail: ~ no tamago ࢗࢫࣚ>㭐@ࡡ༵ quail right wing, rightists úzu n Ὸ, uzú-maki Ὸᕬࡀ whirl- egg



W wá n ㍧ circle; wheel; link; ring; loop; wa-gomu n ㍧ࢥ࣑ rubber band; wak-ka n ㍧ࡖ࠾࣬ࢂࡖ࠾



nese English; wá-shi n ࿰⣤ Japanese paper; wa-shitsu n ࿰ᐄ Japanese-style room; wa-shoku n [INFORMAL] circle; wheel; link; ࿰㣏 Japanese food; wa-yaku n ࿰ ring; loop (= wa ㍧) ズ translation into Japanese wa n ࿰ 1. peace (= hei-wa ᖲ࿰, …-wa suffix ⩒ (counts birds, wa-hei ࿰ᖲ) 2. harmony (= chø- rabbits) wa ㄢ࿰, kyø-wa ༝࿰); wa-hei … wa particle …ࡢ as for …, kōshō n ࿰ᖲஹῦ [BOOKISH] peace speaking of …, let’s talk about negotiations; wa-hei jōyaku n ࿰ᖲ (change the subject to) …; …, guess what —; if it be (= …déwa ᮪⣑ [BOOKISH] peace treaty wa-… prefix ࿰ ... Japanese ...; … ࡚ࡢ = … nára …࡝ࡼ) wa-ei n ࿰ⱝ Japanese-English (= … wa interj …ࢂ (mostly female) indeed, you see nichi-ei ᪝ⱝ); waei-jíten ࿰ⱝ㎙ wā interj ࢂ࠵ (female or ඼ Japanese-English dictionary; wa-fū n ࿰㢴 [BOOKISH] Japanese children) Wow!; Gee!; Gosh! style; wa-fuku n ࿰᭱ Japanese wabí n ࢂࡦ࣬౦ࡦ a liking for traditional clothes; kimono; wasimple things; simple tastes wabi n ャࡦ o-wabi ࠽ャࡦ apology gáshi n ࿰ⳣᏄ Japanese cakes/ sweets; wa-sei-eigo n ࿰⿿ⱝㄊ wabimásu, wabiru v ャࡦࡱࡌ, ャࡦ “Made in Japan” English, Japa- ࡾ [BOOKISH] apologize 306



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JAPANESE–ENGLISH



wabishíi v ࢂࡦࡊ࠷࣬౦ࡊ࠷



miserable; lonely wa-chū n ヨ୯ [BOOKISH] busy (on the phone) (= hanashi-chü ヨࡊ ୯): ~-on ヨ୯㡚 busy tone wa-dachi n ࢂࡓࡔ࣬࣠ࢱࢲ࣬㎃



(wheel) ruts wadai n ヨ㢗 topic of conversation,



subject (of talk) wá-ga … adj ᠻ࠿࣬ࢂ࠿… [BOOKISH] my, our: ~ kuni ᠻ࠿ ᅗ࣬ࢂ࠿ᅗ our (this) country



(commonly Japan) wá-ga-hai pron ᠻ࠿ ㍦࣬྿࠿ ㍦ [BOOKISH] (archaic or obsolete. male) I/me; waga-mámá (na) adj ࢂ ࠿ࡱࡱ࣬ᠻ࠿౰࡝ selfish wágon (sha) n ࣠ࢥࣤ㌬ station



wagon wai-fai n ࣠࢕࣬ࣆ࢒࢕ (= musenran↋⥲LAN Wi-Fi, wireless



LAN (computer) wáin n ࣠࢕ࣤ wine: aka-~ ㉝࣠࢕ ࣤ red wine: shiro-~ Ⓣ࣠࢕ࣤ white wine: ~-gurasu ࣠࢕ࣤࢡ ࣚࢪ wine glass wáipā n ࣠࢕ࣂ࣭ windshield wiper wáiro n ࢂ࠷ࢀ࣬㈝㈛ bribe(ry);



wakemásu, wakéru



driver); waka-mono n ⱕ⩽ young person, youth; waka-te n ⱕᡥ young person wakame n ࣒࣠࢜࣬ⱕᕱ a kind of seaweed wakaré n ืࡿ parting, farewell wakaré n ฦ࠾ࡿ branch(ing), fork(ing), division wakáre n ืࡿ breakup; farewell; leave wakaremásu, wakaréru v ืࡿࡱࡌ, ืࡿࡾ they part, separate wakaremásu, wakaréru v ฦ࠾ࡿࡱࡌ, ฦ࠾ࡿࡾ it branches off, splits wakareme n ฦ࠾ࡿ┘ turning point wakarí n ฦ࠾ࡽ comprehension (= nomikomi ࿌ࡲ㎰ࡲ): ~ ga hayái ฦ࠾ࡽ࠿᪡࠷ quick-witted; (mono)~ ga warúi ࡵࡡ ฦ࠾ࡽ ࠿ᝇ࠷ dull(-witted), stupid Wakarimáshita v ฦ࠾ࡽࡱࡊࡒ. 1. Yes, I see. 2. Yes, I will



(comply with your request). wakarimásu, wakáru v ฦ࠾ࡽࡱࡌ, ฦ࠾ࡾ it is clear (understood);



understands; finds out; has good sense wakashimásu, wakasu v ἓ࠾ࡊࡱࡌ, ἓ࠾ࡌ boils it graft waisetsu n ࢂ࠷ࡎࡗ obscenity wáke n ࢂࡄ࣬ズ 1. reason (= riyü wai-shatsu n ⬝࣬⬾@ࡡୖ ① armpit wána n ࢂ࡝࣬࣠ࢻ࣬⨔ trap; lasso: ② under one’s arms ~ ni kakarimásu ࢂ࡝>⨔@࡞࠾࠾ waki aiai n ࿰Ẵ࠵࠷࠵࠷ in happy ࡽࡱࡌ gets trapped/snared wáni n ࣠ࢼ crocodile, alligator harmony wakimásu, waku v ἓࡀࡱࡌ, ἓࡂ it waní-ashi (no) adj ࢂ࡞㊂ࡡ boils: o-yu ga ~ ࠽…࠿ἓࡀࡱࡌ bowlegged the water boils (→ o-yu o waka- wánisu n ࣠ࢼࢪ varnish shimásu ࠽…ࢅἓ࠾ࡊࡱࡌ, o-yu wanpaku n ࢂࢆࡤࡂ࣬⭆Ⓣ rudega wakimáshita ࠽…࠿ἓࡀࡱࡊࡒ) ness: ~-kozø ࢂࢆࡤࡂ>⭆Ⓣ@ᑚ wakimásu, waku v •ࡀࡱࡌ, •ࡂ ൒ brat, mischievous boy it gushes, springs forth: kibø ga wanpaku (na) adj ⭆Ⓣ࣬ࢂࢆࡤ wakimáshita ᕵ᭻࠿•ࡀࡱࡊࡒ I ࡂ࡝ naughty, mischievous was given hope., I got hope. (commonly used for children) wakú n ᯗ 1. frame, framework (= (= yancha (na) ࡷࢆࡔࡶ࡝ ) ~-gumi ᯗ⤄) 2. reel, limit, a con- wánryoku n ⭆ງ [BOOKISH] arm fine; waku-gumi n ᯗ⤄ ① frame, strength, physical force, physical framework (= waku ᯗ) ② outline strength wákuchin n ࣠ࢠࢲࣤ vaccine wán-wan interj ࣠ࣤ࣠ࣤ bow-wow! wakusei n ᝠ᫅ planet (bark) waku-waku shimásu (suru) v ࢂࡂࢂ wappu n ๪㈷ allotment, installࡂࡊࡱࡌࡌࡾ is thrilled, is ment 308



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warú



wā-puro n ࣭࣠ࣈࣞ word processor (ability): ~ ni aimasén ๪࡞ྙ࠷ ࡱࡎࢆ it doesn’t pay (off); wari-ai wára n ࣠ࣚ࣬⸍ rice straw warabanshi n ࢂࡼ༖⣤ coarse n ๪ྙ rate, percentage: ~ (ni) ๪ ྙ࡞ comparatively, relatively paper, rough paper warabe n ࢂࡼ࡬࣬❲ [BOOKISH] wariate n ๪ࡽᙔ࡙ quota, allotment waribashi n ๪ࡽ⟺ throwaway child(ren) (= jidø ඡ❲): ~-uta ࢂࡼ࡬ḯ࣬❲ḯ Japanese chopsticks wari-biki n ๪ᘤ discount traditional children’s song warabi n ࣠ࣚࣄ bracken wari-kan n ๪ࡽື splitting the bill; warai ࢂࡼ࠷࣬Ⴖ࠷ n ridicule, (going) Dutch treat warikómimásu, warikómu v ๪ࡽ㎰ sneer, mockery waraimásu, warau v ➏࠷ࡱࡌ, ➏࠹ ࡲࡱࡌ, ๪ࡽ㎰ࡳ cuts in (into),



laughs; laughs at; smiles waraimásu, warau v ࢂࡼ࠷>Ⴖ࠷@ ࡱࡌ, ࢂࡼ࠹࣬Ⴖ࠹ ridicules,



sneers, mocks



breaks in; breezes in wari-mae n ๪ࡽ๑ share, portion warimásu, waru v ๪ࡽࡱࡌ, ๪ࡾ



divides/splits it, breaks it,



wáre pron ᠻ [BOOKISH] 1. oneself dilutes it 2. I/me (= wata(ku)shi ࢂࡒࡂ wari (ni) adv ࢂࡽ࡞ ࣬๪࡞ ࡊ࣬⚶); ware ni kaerimásu (kaeru) v relatively, comparatively ᠻ࡞㏁ࡽࡱࡌ ㏁ࡾ comes to warízan n ๪ࡽ⟤ division warú n ᝇ bad, evil (= aku ᝇ); oneself; ware omou, yue ni ware ari ᠻᛦ࠹ࠉࡹ࠻࡞ᠻ࠵ࡽ (famous warú-i adj ᝇ࠷ ① bad, poor; saying) I think, therefore I am.; wrong; vicious ② at fault; Warú-i! ware o wasuremásu (wasureru) v ᠻࢅ interj ᝇ࠷ Sorry.; warú-fuzake n ᚸࡿࡱࡌᚸࡿࡾ ① is hooked ᝇࡨࡉࡄ practical joke; warúon, is carried away ② is stunned; gashikoi adj ᝇ㈴࠷ sly, cunning, ware-ware pron ᠻࠍ࣬ࢂࡿࢂࡿ crafty, wily (person) (= zurugashikoi ࡍࡾ㈴࠷, køkatsu (na) [BOOKISH] we; us waremásu, wareru v ๪ࡿࡱࡌ, ๪ࡿ ≶⊮࡝ ); warú-gi n ᝇẴ evil ࡾ 1. it cracks, it splits 2. can intent, malice (= akui ᝇណ); divide/break/dilute it; ware-me n warú-jie n ᝇ▩ᜠ cunning, craft; ๪ࡿ┘ crack, crevice, gap; ware- warú-kuchi/-guchi n ᝇཾ (verbal) abuse, slander; waru-mono n ᝇ⩽ mono n ๪ࡿ∸ fragile wari n ๪ 1. (…-wari …๪) tens of bad guy/fellow, villain, scounpercent; percentage; sán-~ ୔๪ drel: ~ atsukai ᝇ⩽᡽࠷ demonize; = sanjup-påsénto 30ࣂ࣭ࢬࣤࢹ warú-yoi n ᝇ㓁࠷ getting sick ࣬30% thirty percent 2. profit from drink



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warutsu



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



warutsu n ࣠ࣜࢵ waltz wásabi n ࣠ࢦࣄ࣬ᒜⴿ horseradish washi n ࣠ࢨ࣬㮎 eagle washi pron ࢂࡊ (archaic old male) I/me (= wata(ku)shi ࢂࡒ ࡂ ࡊ࣬⚶) Washínton n ࣠ࢨࣤࢹࣤ Washington wasuremásu, wasureru v ᚸࡿࡱࡌ, ᚸࡿࡾ forgets; wasure-mono n ᚸࡿ∸ ① leaving something behind ② a thing left behind (forgetfully); wasurenái de v ᚸࡿ ࡝࠷࡚ ~ de (… shite) kudasái ᚸࡿ࡝࠷࡚…ࡊ࡙ ୖࡈ࠷ don’t forget (to do …); wasurep-pói adj ᚸࡿࡖࡰ࠷ forgetful watá n ⥝ cotton; watá-ame n ⥝࢓ ࣒ cotton candy (= wata-gashi ⥝ⳣᏄ); wata-bokori n ⥝࡯ࡆࡽ dustball; watá-gashi n ⥝ⳣᏄ cotton candy; wata-ge n ⥝ẗ fluff, cotton fiber; wata-íré n ⥝ථࡿ



with, gets in touch with; ~ ni fúne ῳࡽ࡞⯒ a timely rescue, a convenient escape/excuse watarimásu, wataru v ῳࡽࡱࡌ, ῳࡾ crosses over watashi pron ⚶࣬ࢂࡒࡊ = [BOOKISH] watakushi ⚶࣬ࢂࡒࡂࡊ I/me watashi-búne n ῳࡊ⯒ ferryboat watashimásu, watasu v ῳࡊࡱࡌ, ῳࡌ hands it over; ferries watáshí-táchi pron ࢂࡒࡊ>⚶@㐡 we, us (= watakushí-tachi ࢂࡒ ࡂࡊ>⚶@㐡) watto n ࣠ࢴࢹ watt waza n ᴏ trick, feat waza n ᢇ skill, technique, art (= gijutsu ᢇ⾙) wáza-to adv ࢂࡉ࡛ deliberately, on purpose, intentionally wazawai n ⅇ࠷ misfortune, mishap, disaster (= sainan ⅇ㞬) wázawaza adv ࢂࡉࢂࡉ expressly, (cotton-) padded garment especially; purposely watá n ⭘ guts, intestines wazuka adj ࢂࡍ࠾ a few, a little watakushi pron ࢂࡒࡂࡊ࣬⚶ (= sukoshi ᑛࡊ) [BOOKISH], watashi ࢂࡒࡊ࣬⚶ wazurai n ↱࠷࣬ࢂࡍࡼ࠷ [HUMBLE] I/me; ~-tachi ࢂࡒࡂࡊ [BOOKISH] trouble, worry >⚶@㐡, watáshí-táchi ࢂࡒࡊ>⚶@ wazurai n ᝀ࠷ [BOOKISH] illness 㐡 we/us; watakushí-ritsu (no) adj ⚶ (= byøki ⑋Ẵ) ❟ࡡ private(-ly established); ~ wazuraimásu, wazurau v ↱࠷ࡱࡌ, (no) gakkø ⚶❟ࡡ Ꮥᰧ private ↱࠹ worries about, is troubled by school; watakushí-shōsetsu n ⚶ᑚ wazuraimásu, wazurau v ᝀ࠷ࡱࡌ, ㄕ I-Novel (a novel writing about ᝀ࠹ has trouble with (one’s oneself) (= shi-shøsetsu ⚶ᑚㄕ) eyes), suffers from (an ailment) watari v ῳࡽ crossing, ferry wazurawashíi adj ↱ࢂࡊ࠷ (place): ~ o tsukemásu ῳࡽࢅࡗ troublesome; complicated ࡄࡱࡌ forms an understanding web n ࢗ࢘ࣇWorld Wide Web 310



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yabukimásu, yabúku



Internet; websaito n ウェブサイト ブログ) weblog, blog (Internet) website wísukii n ウィスキー whisky weburogu n ウェブログ(= burogu witto n ウィット wit



Y yá n 矢 arrow; ya-jirushi n 矢印



curry shop arrow sign (such as “→”, “←”, yā´ interj やあ hi! hello! (mostly “↑”, “↓”) male. VERY INFORMAL. Cannot be used to address a superior) ya-…, …-ya prefix, suffix 夜..., ...夜 night (= ban 晩): shü-~ 終 yabái adj やばい 1. (mostly male, 夜 all night; yá-gu n 夜具 [BOOK- very informal) dangerous (will get you into trouble) 2. (mostly ISH] bedclothes; top quilt; yá-kan n 夜間 [BOOKISH] (at) night; ya-kei young people. SLANG) awesome n 夜景 night view; ya-kō-ressha n yaban (na) adj 野蛮(な) barbarous, barbarian, savage: ~-jín 野蛮人 a 夜行列車 night train barbarian, a savage ya-… prefix 野... wild, field; ya-chō n 野鳥 wild bird; ya-ei n yabō n 野望 ambition [IN NEGATIVE 野営 camp, bivouac; yá-gai n 野 SENSE] (= yashin 野心) (= taishi 大志, taibø 大望 [IN NEGATIVE 外 outdoors, in the field: ~-katsudø 野外活動 outdoor activity; SENSE]) ya-jū n 野獣 [BOOKISH] wild beast; yábo (na) adj 野暮(な) [INFORMAL] ya-ken n 野犬 wild dog; ya-sei (no) rustic, inelegant; ~-yø 野暮用 adj 野性(の) wild, not cultivated; small errand to run ya-sen n 野戦 open battle: ~-byøin yabu n ヤブ・薮 bush, thicket; yabu野戦病院 field hospital hebi n やぶ蛇 boomerang (some… ya … conj …や … and … and thing injures the originator), waking a sleeping giant; yabu-isha … (choosing typical items) … ya interj …や [INFORMAL] 1. = n ヤブ[藪]医者 quack doctor …i ya …いや = … i wa …いは yabukemásu, yabukéru v 破けます, 2. = …e ba …えば (if) 破ける 1. it tears, bursts; is frustrated 2. can tear/burst it … -ya suffix …屋 (name of certain) shop, shopkeeper, (= yaburemásu 破れます) dealer; house (→ (o-)sobá-~(お) yabukimásu, yabúku v 破きます, 破 蕎麦屋: råmen-~ ラーメン屋 く tears (bursts) it; frustrates; Ramen shop: karë-~ カレー屋 violates; defeats 311



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yabure-kabure



yabure-kabure n ࡷࡩࡿ>◒ࡿ@࠾ࡩ ࡿ desperation (= jibøjiki ⮤ᬸ ⮤Ი) yaburemásu, yaburéru v ◒ࡿࡱࡌ, ◒ࡿࡾ 1. it tears, bursts; is frustrated 2. can tear/burst it yaburemásu, yaburéru v ᩃࡿࡱࡌ, ᩃࡿࡾ loses yaburimásu, yabúru v ◒ࡽࡱࡌ, ◒ ࡾ tears (bursts) it; frustrates;



yakemásu, yakeru v ↕ࡄࡱࡌ, ↕ࡄ ࡾ 1. it burns; it is baked 2. can



burn it yakemásu, yakeru v ጅࡄࡱࡌ, ጅࡄ ࡾ is jealous, envies yaki ↕ࡀ n baking, burning,



broiling; tempering; exposure



yaki-… prefix ↕ࡀ… roast: (ishi-)~ imo ▴ ↕ࡀⰖ (stone-)baked yam; yakí-guri n ↕ࡀᰡ roasted violates; defeats chestnuts; yaki-gushi n ↕ࡀ୴ yabusaka de (wa) arimasen (nai) v ࡷ skewer, spit; yaki-meshi n ↕ࡀ㣜 ࡩࡈ࠾࡚ࡢ ࠵ࡽࡱࡎࢆ ࡝࠷ fried rice; yaki-móchi n ࡷࡀࡵࡔ࣬ ↕ࡀ㣨 jealousy; yakí-mochi n ࡷ is willing to do yá-chin n ᐓ㈜ house rent ࡀࡵࡔ࣬↕ࡀ㣨 toasted rice-cake; yádo, yado-ya n ᐙ, ᐙᒁ inn yaki-mono n ↕ࡀ∸ ① pottery yagate adv ࡷ࠿࡙ before long; in ② broiled food/dishes; yaki-niku n ↕ࡀ⫏࣬↕⫏ grilled slices of time (= mamonaku ࡱࡵ࡝ࡂ) yági n ࣕ࢟࣬ᒜ⨲ goat meat; yaki-soba n ↕ࡀࡐࡣ࣬ࡷࡀ yahári adv ࡷࡢࡽ also; either; ࡐࡣ chow mein; fried Chinese after all; just we/I thought! (= noodle; yaki-tori n ↕ࡀ㫵࣬ࡷࡀ yappari ࡷࡖࡤࡽ) ࡛ࡽ chicken shishkebab (skewers) yaiba n ࡷ࠷ࡣ࣬ร blade; sword …-yaki suffix …↕ (ceramic) yáji n ࡷࡋ࣬㔕ḗ heckling ware from …; Imari-~ ௿୒㔓↕ yajiuma n ࡷࡋ࠹ࡱ࣬㔕ḗ㤷 Imari (ware) rubbernecker: ~-konjø ࡷࡋ࠹ࡱ yakimásu, yaku v ↕ࡀࡱࡌ, ↕ࡂ ᰷ᛮ extreme curiosity burns/broils it, bakes (roasts, yakamashíi adj ࡷ࠾ࡱࡊ࠷ [INFOR- toasts) it MAL], boisterous, clamorous, yakimásu, yaku v ጅࡀࡱࡌ, ጅࡂ is



noisy; annoying; overly strict, demanding [IN NEGATIVE SENSE] yakan n ࡷ࠾ࢆ teakettle yáke n ࡷࡄ࣬⮤Ი desperation(= jibø-jiki ⮤ᬸ⮤Ი): ~ ni ࡷࡄ࡞



jealous, envies yákkai n ཀ௒࣬ࡷࡖ࠾࠷ trouble, bother (= meiwaku ㏖ᝠ: ~ (na) ཀ௒࣬ࡷࡖ࠾࠷࡝ trouble-



some, annoying excessively, unbearably, terribly yakko n ࡷࡖࡆ࣬ዦ 1. servant, yakedo n ࡷࡄ࡜࣬ℾഭ burn, scald slave 2. [IN NEGATIVE SENSE] (on the skin) (= nesshø ⇍ഭ) (undesirable) person/one: ~-san 312



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yamá



ࡷࡖࡆ>ዦ@ࡈࢆ that guy, he/him icines (= kusuri ⷾ): yakuzai-shi 3. = ~-dø´fu ࡷࡖࡆ>ዦ@㇃⭁ (par- ⷾ๠ᖅ pharmacist boiled) tofu (bean-curd cubes); yaku-dachimásu, yaku-dátsu v ᙲ❟ hiya-~ ෫ࡷዦ cold tofu ࡔࡱࡌ, ᙲ❟ࡗ serves a purpose, yakkyoku n ⷾᑻ pharmacy, drug- is useful yakú-datemásu, yakú-datéru v ᙲ❟࡙ store yaku n ࣕࢠ yak (animal) ࡱࡌ, ᙲ❟࡙ࡾ puts it to use yakú n ズ translation, translated yakú ni tatemásu (tatéru) v ᙲ࡞❟ ࡙ࡱࡌ❟࡙ࡾ puts it to use (= word (→ honyaku ⩳ズ, tsūyaku ㏳ズ) yakú-datemásu ᙲ❟࡙ࡱࡌ) yáku(…) adj ⣑ approximately, yakushimásu, yakúsú v ズࡊࡱࡌ, about … (= oyoso ࠽ࡻࡐ, daitai ズࡌ translates ኬమ) yakusoku n ⣑ᮨ promise, agreeyaku n ᙲ 1. (cast of) players ment, appointment, engagement, 2. part, role, duty; yaku-mé n ᙲ┘ date, commitment; yakusoku-goto duty, function; yaku-sha n ᙲ⩽ n ⣑ᮨ஥ a promise actor (= haiyü ಢඁ), actress (= yákuza n ࡷࡂࡉ gangster, hoodjoyü ዥඁ); yaku-wari n ᙲ๪ role, lum; yákuza (na) adj ࡷࡂࡉ࡝ part (= yakume ᙲ┘) no-good, worthless; ~ na kagyø yaku-… ᙲ… service (government, ࡷࡂࡉ࡝✄ᴏ improper work; official), use; o-yaku ni tatezu (ni) coarse sumimasen ࠽ᙲ࡞❟࡙ࡍ࡞ ࡌ yakyū n 㔕⌣ baseball; yakyū-jō n ࡲࡱࡎࢆ [HUMBLE] I am sorry 㔕⌣ሔ ball park, (baseball)



for not being able to help you.; stadium yaku-nin n ᙲெ public servant, yamá n ᒜ 1. mountain 2. heap, government official (= kømuin pile, bunch: shorui no ~ ᭡㢦ࡡ පຸဤ); yaku-sho n ᙲᡜ govern- ᒜ pile of documents 3. speculament office (→ shi-yakusho ᕰᙲ tion, venture 4. → yamá(-ba) ᒜ ᡜ, ku-yakusho ༇ᙲᡜ) ሔ ; yama-arashi n ࣏ࣕ࢓ࣚࢨ࣬ yaku n ⷾ drug (→ kusuri ⷾ) ᒜⲠ porcupine; yama-arashi n ᒜ …-yaku, yaku-… suffix, prefix  ᔋ mountain storm; yama-aruki n ⷾ, ⷾ medicines, drugs; ᒜṄࡀ trekking (= haikingu ࣀ ࢕࢞ࣤࢡ); yamá(-ba) n ᒜሔ yaku-hin ⷾဗ drugs; chemicals; yaku-mi n ⷾ࿝ ① spice, condiment climax; yama-biko n ࡷࡱࡦࡆ࣬ ② drug ingredient; yaku-sō ⷾⲙ ᒜᙢ echo (= kodama ࡆࡓࡱ࣬ ᮄ㟃); yama-buki n ࣏ࣕࣇ࢞࣬ᒜ medicinal herb; yaku-zai n ⷾ๠ [BOOKISH] pharmaceuticals, med- ྻ Japanese rose: ~-iro ᒜྻⰅ 313



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yama-shi



bright yellow; yama-goya n 山小 屋 cabin, mountain lodge; yamaimo n ヤマイモ・山芋 yam; yamaneko n ヤマネコ・山猫 wild cat; yama-nóbori n 山登り mountainclimbing (= tozan 登山); yama no fumoto n 山のふもと[麓] the base of a mountain; yama-otoko n 山男 ① mountaineer ② woodsman ③ monster living in the heart of a mountain; yama-suso n 山裾 the base of a mountain yama-shi n 山師 speculator yamashíi adj やましい ashamed of



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



random, in a blind way; yamí-sōba n 闇相場 black-market price yamimásu, yamu v 止みます, 止む it stops yamome n やもめ widow yámori n ヤモリ・守宮 gecko yanagi n ヤナギ・柳 willow yancha (na) adj やんちゃ(な) naughty, mischievous (commonly used for boys) (= wanpaku (na) 腕白・わんぱく(な)) yáne n 屋根 roof yaní n やに・脂 resin, gum → meyaní 目やに・目脂



oneself; has guilty feelings yánushi n 家主 landlord, landlady yama-te n 山手, yama-no-te 山手・ (= øya(-san) 大家(さん)) 山の手 uptown; the bluff: Yama- yaochō n 八百長 fixed game yaoya n 八百屋 greengrocer, vegno-te-sen 山の手線 Yamanote Line etable market Yámato n 大和 Japan (an ancient yappári adv やっぱり [INFORMAL] name); yamato-kotoba n 大和言葉 also; either; as I thought (= words of Japanese origin, native yahári やはり) Japanese words (= wago 和語); yarakashimásu, yarakasu v やらか yamato-nadeshiko n ヤマトナデシコ します, やらかす [INFORMAL][IN ・大和撫子 ① dianthus (flower) NEGATIVE SENSE] does it [demeans ② beautiful and modest Japanese the object] (= shimásu します); woman héma o ~ へまをやらかします makes a damn mess of it yamemásu, yameru v 止めます, 止 める stops it; abolishes, abstains yari n やり・槍 spear from, gives up yari-kata n やり方 way, method, process, manner yamemásu, yameru v 辞めます, 辞 める resigns, quits yarimásu, yaru v やります, やる yamí n 闇 1. darkness (= kurayamí does 暗闇) 2. disorder 3. black market yarimásu, yaru v やり[遣り]ます, 4. anything illicit, the dark; yamí- やる・遣る 1. gives 2. sends: ichí(ba) n 闇市(場) black market; tegami o ~ 手紙をやります send a letter 3. íp-pai ~ 一杯やります yamí-kumo (ni) adv 闇雲(に) at 314



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yatsú



has a drink 4. has sex bargain yari-naoshimásu v やり直します, yasude n ヤスデ millipede (animal) やり直す redoes it, does it over yasúi adj やすい・易い (= shi(again) yasúi しやすい) easy (to do) yari-sokonaimásu, yari-sokonáu v やり yasúi adj やすい (= shi-yasúi しや 損ないます, やり損なう misses, すい) likely/apt to (do), tends to botches yasumemásu, yasuméru v 休めます, yarō´ n 野郎 (very INFORMAL) 休める 1. rest/relax it, let it rest; scoundrel, so-and-so ease it 2. can rest yasai n 野菜 vegetables yasumí n 休み 1. rest (= [BOOKISH] yasashii adj 優しい・やさしい kyükei 休憩) 2. break, pause gentle; kind, generous (= (= teishi 停止, chüdan 中断) 3. recess (= kyükei jikan 休憩時間) shinsetsu 親切) yasashii adj 易しい・やさしい 4. time off, vacation, holiday (= easy, simple kyüka 休暇) yasashiku adv 優しく・やさしく yasumimásu, yasúmu v 休みます, 休 gently; politely む rests, relaxes, takes time off; yase-gaman n やせ[痩せ]我慢 play- stays away (from school); goes to bed, sleeps ing the martyr yasemásu, yaseru v 痩せます, 痩せ yasuraka (na/ni) adj, adv 安らか る gets thin; yasete imásu 痩せて (な/に) peaceful(ly) います is thin yasuri n やすり file, rasp; yasuríyáshi n ヤシ・椰子 (coconut) palm gami n やすり紙 sandpaper (= yáshin n 野心 ambition [IN kami-yásuri 紙やすり) NEGATIVE SENSE] (= yabø 野望; yatai n 屋台 street stall; stand taishi 大志, taibø 大望) yatara adv やたら: ~ na やたらな yashinaimásu, yashinau v 養います, indiscriminate, reckless, random: 養う brings up, rears; fosters; ~ ni やたらに indiscriminately, nourishes randomly, recklessly, blindly, unduly …´-yasu, yasu-… suffix, prefix …安, 安... cheap(er/lower) by yatō n 野党 opposition party …; hyakuén-~ 百円安 down/off yatói 雇い n employment by ¥100; yasúi adj 安い cheap, yatoimásu, yatóu v 雇います, 雇う low(-priced); yasu-mono n 安物 employs, hires cheap stuff; yasu-ne n 安値 low yatsú n 八つ eight (= yattsú 八つ); price; yasu-ukeai n 安請け合い yatsuatari n 八つ当たり・やつあ easy promise; yasu-uri n 安売り たり taking out on 315



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yátsu



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



yátsu n ࡷࡗ࣬ዦ [INFORMAL] 1.



(= yonén-kan ᄿᖳ㛣); yon-én-sei guy, fellow, wretch, [IN NEGATIVE ᄿᖳ⏍ ① fourth-year student (at SENSE] (undesirable) person/one elementary school) ② senior (at (= aitsu ࠵࠷ࡗ) 2. (undesirable) university/college); yo-nín n ᄿெ thing/one 3. he/him four people yattekimásu, yattekúru v ࡷࡖ࡙ࡀࡱ … yo interj …ࡻ 1. indeed, mind ࡌ, ࡷࡖ࡙ࡂࡾ comes, comes you, I tell/warn/alert you 2. (reinalong forces IMPERATIVE) yatto adv ࡷࡖ࡛ at last; barely, yō´ n こ gist (= yø´shi こ᪠, yøryø´ こ㡷) with difficulty yattoko n ࡷࡖ࡛ࡆ pincers, pliers yō´ n ⏕ 1. business; errand (= yattsú n ඳࡗ eight; eight years old yøji ⏕஥) 2. use, service 3. going yawarakái adj ㌶ࡼ࠾࠷࣬᯺ࡼ࠾࠷ to the bathroom; yō-ji n ⏕஥ soft, mild business, errand; yō-ken n ⏕௲ yáya adj ࡷࡷ a little, slightly: ~ átte business (something to tell, ࡷࡷ࠵ࡖ࡙ after a little while something to do); yō-mú-in n ⏕ຸ yaya(k)koshíi adj ࡷࡷࡖ ࡆࡊ࠷ ဤ custodian, janitor, servant (in complicated; puzzling; tangled; the school, office, etc.); yō-táshí n ⏕㊂ࡊ business, errand troublesome ye… → e… yō-… prefix Ὂ… Western; yō-fuku yó n ୠ the world at large, the n Ὂ᭱ (Western-style) clothes, a public; yó-ron n ୠㄵ public suit, a dress (= fuku ᭱): (yø-) fuku-ya Ὂ ᭱ᒁ tailor, clothing opinion yó n ௥ the age, the times; one’s shop; ~-burashi Ὂ᭱ࣇࣚࢨ clothlifetime brush; ~-dansu Ὂ᭱ࢱࣤࢪ wardyó n እ night (= yóru እ); yo-aké robe; yō-ga n Ὂ⏤ ① foreign n እ᪺ࡄ dawn; yo-fúkáshi n እ᭞ movie ② Western-style painting; ࠾ࡊ staying up late; yo-máwari n yō-gaku n Ὂᴞ Western-style እᅂࡽ night watchman; yo-naká music; yō-gáshi n ὊⳣᏄ western n እ୯ middle of the night; yóru cakes/sweets; yō-hin n Ὂဗ habn እ night erdashery; yō-ma n Ὂ㛣 Westernyo-… prefix ᄿ four; yó-ji n ᄿ᫤ style room; yō-sai n Ὂ⿚ dressfour o’clock; yo-jō´-han n ᄿ␒༖ making; yō-shi n Ὂ⣤ Western four-and-a-half mat area, a small paper; yō-shoku n Ὂ㣏 foreign Japanese room; yo-ban, yón-ban n (Western) food; yō-shu n Ὂ㒿 ᄿ␊ number four; yo-nen n ᄿᖳ liquor (Western) ① fourth year ② four years yō-… prefix 㣬… foster, protec316



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… yōgo



tion; yō-fubo n 㣬∏ẍ adoptive parents; yō´-jo n 㣬ዥ adopted daughter; (… o) ~ ni shimásu …ࢅ 㣬ዥ࡞ࡊࡱࡌ adopts (a girl); yō-shi n 㣬Ꮔ adopted child; yō-iku n 㣬⫩ [BOOKISH] ① bringing up children, education; ~-hi 㣬⫩㈕ expense of bringing up children ② protection (of old people, orphan children, sick people, etc.); ~-in 㣬⫩㝌 asylum; yō-rōin n 㣬⩹㝌 old people’s home (= røjin hømu ⩹ெ࣭࣑࣌) yóbi n ஢ങ preparation: ~ (no) ஢ ങࡡ reserve, spare; yobi-kō n ஢ങᰧ prep school, cram school; yobi-sénkyo n ஢ങ㐽ᣪ a primary election yobimásu, yobu v ࿣ࡦࡱࡌ, ࿣ࡩ 1. calls; names; summons 2. invites yobō n ஢㜭 precaution, prevention; yobō-sesshu n ஢㜭᥃⛸ = yobø-chü´sha ஢㜭Ἰᑏ inoculation, vaccination (injection) yōbō n こ᭻ strong desire yōbō n ᐖㇲ facial appearance yobun (no/ni) adj, adv ఴฦࡡ࡞ extra, excess yōbun n 㣬ฦ nutrient substance (= eiyøbun ᰜ㣬ฦ) yóchi n ఴᆀ [BOOKISH] room, space, margin, leeway: (mattaku)



nōryoku ஢▩⬗ງ ability to fore-



see the future yōchi (na) adj ᖺ⛮࡝ childish: ~ na kangae ᖺ⛮࡝⩻࠻ childish idea; yōchí-en n ᖺ⛮ᅧ



kindergarten yodare n ࡻࡓࡿ drool: ~ ga déru ࡻࡓࡿ࠿ฝࡾ drool comes out yōdai n ᐖឺ࣬ᐖమ࣬ᵕឺ health



condition (commonly of patient) (= yøtai ᐖឺ, byøjø ⑋≟) yō´do n ࣭ࣙࢺ iodine yōeki n ⁈ᾦ liquid solution yōen adj ዺⰇ seductive beauty, fascinatingly elegant, bewitching (= adeyaka ࠵࡚ࡷ࠾࣬Ⰷࡷ࠾) yoga n ࣙ࢝ yoga yō´gan n ⁈ᒷ lava yogen n ஢ゕ prediction; nosutoradamusu no dai-~ ࢿࢪࢹࣚࢱ࣑ ࢪࡡኬ஢ゕ the great prophecies



of Nostradamus yōgí-sha n ᐖ␪⩽ a suspect yogo n ஢ᚃ prognosis: ~-furyø ஢ ᚃ୘Ⰳ poor prognosis: ~-ryøkø ஢ᚃⰃይ good prognosis yōgo n ᧞㆜ [BOOKISH] protection, support; jinken-~ ெᶊ᧞㆜ protection of human rights; døbutsu-~-dantai ິ∸᧞㆜ᅆమ animal



protection association



… yōgo suffix …⏕ㄊ (special) term (technical word, etc.): køutagai no ~ ga arimasen ࡱࡖࡒ yøgo ප⏕ㄊ national language: ࡂ ␪࠷ࡡఴᆀ࠿࠵ࡽࡱࡎࢆ senmon-~ ᑍ㛓⏕ㄊ technical There is no doubt about it (at all). term: sabetsu-~ ᕣื⏕ㄊ discrimyóchi n ஢▩ prediction; yochiinatory words



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yogore



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



yogore n ỗࡿ dirt, smudge, blot,



(seasick, carsick, airsick, etc.); kuruma-~ ㌬㓁࠷ car sickness; yogoremásu, yogoreru v ỗࡿࡱࡌ, norimono-~ ஋ࡽ∸㓁࠷ travel ỗࡿࡾ gets soiled, smudged; sickness yogorete imásu ỗࡿ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ is yō´i n ⏕ណ preparation; caution dirty (= junbi ‵ങ); … no ~ o shimásu yogoshimásu, yogosu v ỗࡊࡱࡌ, …ࡡ⏕ណࢅࡊࡱࡌ prepares for … ỗࡌ soils, dirties, stains yoimásu, yóu v 㓁࠷ࡱࡌ, 㓁࠹ gets yō´gu n ⏕ර tools, implements, drunk; gets seasick, carsick, instruments, kit; ~-bako ⏕ර⟵ airsick yoisho interj ࡻ࠷ࡊࡺ upsytool box yōguruto n ࣭ࣙࢡࣜࢹ yogurt daisy!, alley-oop!, heave-ho! yoha n ఴἴ after-effect (of typhoon, yōji n ᳷ᯖ࣬ࡻ࠹ࡋ toothpick (= tsuma-~ ࡗࡱࡻ࠹ࡋ࣬∆᳷ᯖ) etc.), aftermath yohaku n ఴⓉ margin, blank (space) yō´ji n ᖺඡ [BOOKISH] infant yōhin n ⏕ဗ = …-yø´hin …⏕ဗ yō´ji n ᖺ᫤ [BOOKISH] childhood: ~-taiken ᖺ᫤మ㥺 childhood utensils, appliances, supplies, necessities; nichi-~ ᪝⏕ဗ daily experiences yō´jin n ⏕ᚨ precaution, caution, necessities; jimu-~ ஥ຸ⏕ဗ office supplies care; “hi no yø´jin”ࠔℾࡡ⏕ yohō n ஢ሒ forecast, prediction; ᚨࠕ“Be careful of fire!”; yōjin-bō tenki-~ ኮẴ஢ሒ weather force- n ⏕ᚨᲤ bodyguard; yōjin-bukái cast adj ⏕ᚨ῕࠷ cautious, careful yohodo adv ࡻ࡮࡜࣬ఴ⛤ consid- (= shinchø ួ㔔) erably, a good deal (= yoppodo yoka n ఴᬜ [BOOKISH] spare time ࡻࡖࡰ࡜); ~ no koto ga nai kagiri (= hima (na jikan) ᬜ࡝᫤㛣 ) ࡻ࡮࡜ࡡࡆ࡛࠿࡝࠷㝀ࡽ unless yōka n ඳ᪝ 1. 8th day (of a something really important month) 2. (for) eight days (= yøka-kan ඳ᪝㛣) comes up yoi n ᐒ [BOOKISH] early part of yokan n ஢វ premonition, the night, just after nightfall foreboding: ~ ga shimásu ஢វ࠿ yói adj Ⰳ࠷࣬ࡻ࠷ (= íi ࠷࠷ ࡊࡱࡌ has a feeling that somegood [NEGATIVE] yóku arimasén thing (bad/unpleasant) is about to come Ⰳࡂ࠵ࡽࡱࡎࢆ; (past) yókatta desu Ⰳ࠾ࡖࡒ࡚ࡌ was good yō´kan n ࣙࢗ࢜ࣤ࣬⨲⩊ sweet yoi n 㓁࠷ 1. intoxication, bars of bean paste and agar-agar drunkenness 2. motion sickness flavored with chestnut, plum, etc. 318 blotch



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yokei (na) adj ఴ゛࡝ superflu-



yóku



Yokohamá-kø n ᶋὶ῿ the port



ous, unnecessary, uncalled-for: ~ of Yokohama ni ఴ゛࡞ unnecessarily yokoku n ஢࿈ advance notice; yokemásu, yokéru v 㑂ࡄࡱࡌ, 㑂ࡄ eiga no ~-hen ᫆⏤ࡡ஢࿈⥽ ࡾ avoids, keeps away from movie trailer yoken n ஢ず prediction (= yochi yoko ni narimásu (náru) v ᶋ࡞࡝ࡽ ஢▩) ࡱࡌ࡝ࡾ lies down (= yokoyoki n ஢᭿ expectation, anticipa- tawárimásu ᶋࡒࢂࡽࡱࡌ) yoko ni shimásu (suru) v ᶋ࡞ࡊࡱࡌ tion yōki n ᐖჹ container, receptacle ࡌࡾ lays down (= yokotaemásu ᶋࡒ࠻ࡱࡌ) yōki n 㝟Ẵ 1. weather 2. cheeryokoshimásu, yokósu v ᐞ㉲ࡊࡱࡌ, fulness, brightness, liveliness; yōki (na) adj 㝟Ẵ࡝ cheerful, ᐞ㉲ࡌ sends (here), hands over bright, lively to me yokin n 㡰㔘 deposit (of money); Yō´koso. interj ࡻ࠹ࡆࡐ Welcome!; yokin-kō´za n 㡰㔘ཾᗑ bank Nihon e ~ ᪝ᮇ࡫ࡻ࠹ࡆࡐ Welaccount; yokin-tsū´chō n 㡰㔘㏳ᖋ come to Japan! yokozuna n ᶋ⥐ grand champion bankbook yokka n ᄿ᪝ 1. 4th day (of a month) sumo wrestler 2. (for) four days (= ~-kan ᄿ᪝㛣) yokú n ḟ greed; desire, want (= yokkyū n ḟị greed; desire, want yokubø ḟ᭻); yokubō n ḟ᭻ (= yoku ḟ, yokubø ḟ᭻, negai greed; desire, want (= yoku ḟ) 㢢࠷): sandai-~ ୔ኬḟị three … yoku suffix …ḟ desire: basic desires (food, sex and sleep) shoku-~ 㣏ḟ food appetite, desire for food or drink: sei-~ ᛮ (also known as part of the four Primitive Fountains: Food, Sleep, ḟ sexual desire: suimin-~ ╟┸ and Sex); yokkyū-fuman n ḟị୘‫ ‮‬ḟ desire to sleep (→ sandaiyokkyü ୔ኬḟị) frustration yoko n ᶋ 1. side (= soba ഁ, waki yóku adv Ⰳࡂ࣬ࡻࡂ well, better; ⬝) 2. the width (= haba ᖕ) hayaku ~ narimasuyøni ᪡ࡂⰃ 3. sideways 4. sidewise; yoko-chō ࡂ࡝ࡽࡱࡌࡻ࠹࡞ Hope you feel n ᶋ⏣ sidestreets, alley; yoko-ito better soon. (to a sick person); n ᶋ⣊ woof (horizontal threads) Yóku irasshaimáshita. interj ࡻࡂ࠷ yoko-girimásu, yoko-gíru v ᶋวࡽࡱ ࡼࡖࡊࡶ࠷ࡱࡊࡒ. Welcome! (= ࡌ, ᶋวࡾ crosses, cuts across, Yøkoso (irasshaimashita) ࡻ࠹ ࡆࡐ࠷ࡼࡖࡊࡶ࠷ࡱࡊࡒ ) intersects, passes Yokohama n ᶋὶ Yokohama; yóku adv ࡻࡂ lots, much, thor319



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yóku



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



oughly; carefully; ~ yonde kuda- 2. how to pronounce the Kanji/ sai ࡻࡂㄖࢆ࡚ୖࡈ࠷ Please Chinese characters yomimásu, yómu v ㄖࡲࡱࡌ, ㄖࡳ read it carefully. yóku adv ࡻࡂ lots, often, fre1. reads 2. reads out, pronounquently ces 3. foresees, guesses yóku (-) … prefix ⩛… the next yōmō n ⨲ẗ wool (day, night, month, year; date); yón n ᄿ࣬4 four; yon-bai n ᄿಶ yoku-ban n ⩛ᬄ [BOOKISH] the fol- four-fold, four times as much; yonlowing/next night; yoku-getsu n ⩛ banmé (no), yo-banmé (no) adj ᄿ␊ ᭮ [BOOKISH] the following/next ┘ࡡ fourth; yón-ban, yo-ban n ᄿ month; yoku-jitsu n ⩛᪝ [BOOKISH] ␊ number four; yón-dai n ᄿྋ the following/next day; yoku-shū four (machines, vehicles); yón-do n ⩛㐄 [BOOKISH] the following/ n ᄿᗐ four degrees; four times next week; yoku-toshi n ⩛ᖳ [BOOK- (= yón-kái ᄿᅂ, yón-hén ᄿ㐚); ISH] the following/next year yon-do-mé n ᄿᗐ┘ the fourth time; yokubárí n ḟᘿࡽ a greedy person yón-fun, yón-pun n ᄿฦ four minutes; yokubarimásu, yokubáru v ḟᘿࡽࡱ yón-hai n ᄿ᮴ four cupfuls; yónhén n ᄿ㐚 four times; yón-hiki n ࡌ, ḟᘿࡾ is greedy yoku (-) … prefix ᾆ… bath (→ ᄿ༆ four (fishes/bugs, small anyukata ᾆ⾨); yoku-jō n ᾆሔ imals); yón-hon n ᄿᮇ four (pen[BOOKISH] bathhouse; køshü-~ ප cils/bottles, long objects); yon-kágetsu n ᄿ࠾᭮ four months; yon⾏ᾆሔ public bath; yoku-shitsu n kai n ᄿ㝭 four floors/stories; ᾆᐄ bathroom yōkyū n こị requirement, demand, fourth floor; yón-kái n ᄿᅂ four claim, request (= yøsei こㄫ) times; yón-mai n ᄿᯓ four sheets yome n ᎋ 1. daughter-in-law (flat things, papers, dishes, etc.); 2. bride (= o-yome-san ࠽ᎋࡈࢆ) yon-méi n ᄿྞ four people (also 3. yome-san ᎋࡈࢆ [INFORMAL] yo-mei ᄿྞ, yo-nín ᄿெ); yónpun n ᄿฦ four minutes (also yón(my) wife (= óku-san ዚࡈࢆ) fun ᄿฦ); yón-satsu n ᄿ෇ four yomi n ㄖࡲ 1. reading 2. expectation, forecast 3. pronunciation; copies (books, magazines); yón-tō on-~ 㡚ㄖࡲ Chinese pronuncia- n ᄿ㢄 four (horses/oxen, large tion of Kanji/Chinese characanimals); yón-wa n ᄿ⩒ four (birds, ters; kun-~ ィㄖࡲ Japanese rabbits) (also yón-ba ᄿ⩒) pronunciation of Kanji/Chinese … yō´ (na) suffix, adj …ࡻ࠹>ᵕ@ ࡝ seem(ing) to be: yø ni …ࡻ characters yomi-kata n ㄖࡲ᪁ 1. how to read ࠹>ᵕ@࡞ (so as to be) like …; 320



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yōryō



suru ~ iimásu ࡌࡾࡻ࠹>ᵕ@࡞ゕ yoroi-do n ࡻࢀ࠷ᡖ࣬㙒ᡖ shutter ࠷ࡱࡌ tells one to do it (house) yondokoro-nai adj ࡻࢆ࡜ࡆࢀ࡝࠷ yorokobi ႌࡦ n joy yorokobimásu, yorokóbu v ႌࡦࡱࡌ, inevitable yōniku n ⨲⫏ [BOOKISH] lamb ႌࡩ is glad, happy, delighted;



(meat, includes mutton) yón-jū n ᄿ༎࣬40 forty …-yō (no) adj …⏕ࡡ for the



rejoices yoro-mekí n ࡻࢀࡴࡀ an (extra-



marital) affair yoro-mekimásu, yoro-méku v ࡻࢀࡴ use of … yopparai n 㓁ࡖᡮ࠷ drunk (person) ࡀࡱࡌ, ࡻࢀࡴࡂ totters, falters, yopparaimásu, yopparau v 㓁ࡖᡮ࠷ staggers; has an (extra-marital) ࡱࡌ, 㓁ࡖᡮ࠹ gets drunk affair yoppodo adv ࡻࡖࡰ࡜ considerably, Yōróppa n ࣭ࣙࣞࢴࣂ Europe (= a good deal (= yohodo ࡻ࡮࡜࣬ Øshü Ḛᕗ) ఴ⛤) yoroshii adj ࡻࢀࡊ࠷࣬᏿ࡊ࠷ yori-… adj ࡻࡽ… [+ADJECTIVE] very well; satisfactory yoroshikáttara adv ࡻࢀࡊ࠾ࡖࡒࡼ more …, …-er [BOOKISH] … yóri conj …ࡻࡽ 1. (more/ if you don’t mind; if you like yoroshiku n ࡻࢀࡊࡂ࣬᏿ࡊࡂ rather/other) than … 2. from, 1. (… ni) ~ (itte kudasái/o-tsutae out of; since yoridori-midori n ࡻࡽ࡜ࡽࡲ࡜ࡽ࣬ kudasái) …࡞ ࡻࢀࡊࡂゕࡖ࡙ 㐽ࡽཱིࡽずཱིࡽ choosing which- ୖࡈ࠷/࠽ఎ࠻ୖࡈ࠷ Give my ever one likes regards to … 2. → yoroshii ࡻࢀ yorigónomi n ࡻࡽይࡲ࣬㐽ࡽይࡲ ࡊ࠷࣬᏿ࡊ࠷ 3. Dø´zo yoroshiku. ࡜࠹ࡑࡻࢀࡊࡂ. How do you choosiness yorimásu, yoru v ᐞࡽࡱࡌ, ᐞࡾ do?; Please favor (my request, drops in; approaches, comes near; me, mine). yóroyoro (to) adj, adv ࡻࢀࡻࢀ࡛ meets yorimásu, yoru v ᣈࡽࡱࡌ, ᣈࡾ tottering, faltering, staggering; relies on; … ni yotte …࡞ࡻࡖ࡙, having an affair … ni yoru to …࡞ࡻࡾ࡛, … ni yoru v … ni ~ to …࡞ࡻࡾ࡛ acyoréba …࡞ࡻࡿࡣ according cording to … to … yōryō n こ㡷 1. gist: ~ o enai kaitø yorimásu, yóru v ᧅࡽࡱࡌ, ᧅࡾ こ㡷ࢅᚋ࡝࠷ᅂ➽ pointless twists, twines (= nejirimasu ᤤࡽ answer, unclear answer 2. knack: ࡱࡌ, nejiru ᤤࡾ) ~ ga ii こ㡷࠿࠷࠷ is efficient yoroi n 㙒 armor (person) 321



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yōsai



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



yōsai n こራ fortress (military



ࡐࡡெ outsider, stranger; yosomono n ࡻࡐ⩽࣬ఴᡜ⩽ outsider, facility) yosan n ஢⟤ budget stranger yōsan n 㣬⺃ raising silkworms, yosō n ஢᝷ expectation, presumpsilk farming, sericulture tion; ~ íjø ஢᝷௧୕ above/beyond yose n ᐞᖆ vaudeville (theater) expectations yōseki n ᐖ✒ volume of a container yō´so n こ⣪ element yosemásu, yoseru v ᐞࡎࡱࡌ, ᐞࡎ yosoku n ஢ῼ forecast, prediction, ࡾ 1. lets approach, brings near estimate 2. collects, gathers 3. adds 4. sends yōsu n ᵕᏄ࣬ࡻ࠹ࡌ circumyosen n ஢㐽 preliminary; primary stances; aspect; appearance, look yose-nabe n ᐞࡎ㘘 chowder yōsui n ⏕Ề diversion of water, yose-nami ᐞࡎἴ surf service water, irrigation water; yóshi n ⏜ reason; meaning; ciryōsui-ro n ⏕Ề㊨ irrigation canal yō-súru ni v こࡌࡾ࡞ in summary, cumstance; means Yóshi! interj ࡻࡊ! OK; very well to sum it up, in short; in effect, yō´shi n ⏕⣤ forms, blanks, what it amounts to (boils down papers: genkø-~ ཋ✇⏕⣤ manu- to) is …; after all yotamono n ࡻࡒ⩽࣬୙ኯ⩽ script paper used for writing hoodlum Japanese vertically (commonly one page of 400-characters or yotei n ஢ᏽ expectation, plan 200-characters): ankëto-~ ࢓ࣤ yōtén n こⅤ gist, point ࢢ࣭ࢹ⏕⣤ questionnaire yotō n ୙ඨ ruling party yō´-shi n こ᪠ summary, abstract yotsu-kado n ᄿࡗぽ intersection (gist) (= shu-shi ୹᪠) (of two streets), crossroads yoshimásu, yósu v Ḿࡊࡱࡌ, Ḿࡌ yotto n ࣙࢴࢹ yacht stops doing it (= yamemásu Ḿࡴ yottsú n ᄿࡗ four ࡱࡌ) yowái adj ᘽ࠷ weak; frail; poor yō-shimásu, yō-súru v こࡊࡱࡌ, こ at (math, etc.); sake ni ~ 㒿࡞ᘽ ࡌࡾ needs, requires, takes, ࠷ easily intoxicated; yowa-mi n ᘽࡲ weakness, weak point; yowacosts; summarizes, sums it up mushi n ᘽ⹰ a cream puff, wimp yōshoku n 㣬Ṣ raising, farming, culture: ~-shínju 㣬Ṣ┷⌌ yowasemásu, yowaséru v 㓁ࢂࡎࡱࡌ, 㓁ࢂࡎࡾ gets one drunk, lets cultured pearls yoshū n ஢⩞ preparatory study one get drunk yosó n ࡻࡐ࣬ఴᡜ somewhere yoyaku n ஢⣑ reservation, subelse; alien, strange: ~ no hitó ࡻ scription, booking, appointment 322



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yubí



yōyaku adv ࡻ࠹ࡷࡂ finally, at



afternoon or evening; yū-gata n last; barely ኟ᪁ evening; yū-giri n ኟ㟕 yōyaku n こ⣑ a summary evening mist; yū-gure n ኟᬵࡿ yoyū n ఴ⿩ room, leeway, twilight; ~-doki ኟᬵࡿ᫤ evening margin, excess, surplus during the twilight hours; yū-han yú n … hot water, warm water: n ኟ㣜 [INFORMAL] = yü-meshi o-~ o wakashimásu ࠽…ࢅἓ࠾ ኟ㣜 supper, dinner (= yü-shoku ࡊࡱࡌ boils water; yu-ge n …Ẵ ኟ㣏); yū-hi n ኟ᪝࣬ኟ㝟 setting steam; yu-nomi n …㣟ࡲ, ~-jáwan sun; yū-kaze n ኟ㢴 evening …㣟ࡲⲌ◿ Japanese teacup; yu-wá- breeze; yū-meshi n ኟ㣜 (commonly kashi n …ἓ࠾ࡊ teakettle, boiler male. Very informal) → yū-han ኟ 㣜; yū-moya n ኟࡵࡷ࣬ኟ㟥 even(for heating water); yu-zámashi n …෫ࡱࡊ cooled boiled water ing fog; yū-shoku n ኟ㣏 evening yú n … bath: otoko-~ ⏠… men’s meal (supper, dinner) (= yü-han, section of a bathhouse: on’na-~ yü-meshi ኟ㣜) ዥ… women’s section of a bath- yū-… prefix ཪ friend; yū-jin n ཪெ [BOOKISH] friend (= tomo ཪ, house; yú-bune n …⯢ bathtub; yu-zame n …෫ࡴ feeling chilly tomo-dachi ཪࡓࡔ࣬ཪ㐡); yū-jō after taking a bath n ཪ᝗ friendship; yū-kō n ཪይ yū n ࡹ࠹࣬ゕ࠹ [INFORMAL] = iu [BOOKISH] (official) friendship, ゕ࠹, iimásu ゕ࠷ࡱࡌ (says) friendly relationship (among yū n ⤎࠹ = yuu ⤎࠹, yuimásu ⤎ countries, etc.) ࠷ࡱࡌ does up one’s hair yū-be n ࡹ࠹࡬࣬ᫎእ last night yū n ඁ excellent: (grade) yü, (= kinø no ban/yoru ᫎ᪝ࡡᬄእ, ryø, ka, fuka ඁࠉⰃࠉྊࠉ୘ྊ saku-ban/ya ᫎእ/ᬄ) Excellent, Good, Poor, Failing; yūben n 㞕ᘒ eloquence: ~ (na) 㞕 yū´-retsu n ඁ຋ relative merits ᘒ࡝ eloquent; yūben-ka n 㞕ᘒ (superiority or inferiority); yū-ryō ᐓ eloquent speaker (na) adj ඁⰃ࡝ superior; yū-shō yubí n ᣞ 1. finger (= te no yubí ᡥࡡᣞ) 2. toe (= ashi no yubí n ඁົ (winning) the victory/ championship; ~-sha ඁົ⩽ the ㊂ࡡᣞ); yubi-núkí n ᣞ㈇ࡀ thimwinner, victor; yū-shū (na) adj ඁ ble; yubi-saki n ᣞ඙ fingertip; ⚵࡝ excellent, superior; yū-tō-sei yubi-sashimásu, yubi-sasu v ᣞᕣࡊࡱ ࡌ, ᣞᕣࡌ points (commonly n ඁ➴⏍ model student yū n ኟ evening (= yü-gata ኟ᪁); indicates something with an yū-bé n ኟ࡬ evening; yū-dachi n extended index finger); yubi-wa n ኟ❟ a sudden shower during ᣞ㍧ ring 323



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yūbin



yūbin n 㒉౼ mail: ~-chókin 㒉౼ ㈋㔘 postal savings; ~-ká wase 㒉౼Ⅵ᭨ (postal) money order; ~-uke 㒉౼ུࡄ mailbox; yūbínbako n 㒉౼⟵ mailbox; yūbinbángō n 㒉౼␊ྒ zip code; ZIP Code; yūbín-butsu n 㒉౼∸ mail; yūbín-kyoku n 㒉౼ᑻ post office; yūbín-posuto n 㒉౼࣎ࢪࢹ Red post box; yūbín-ya (san) n 㒉౼ᒁ ࡈࢆ mail carrier, postman yū´bi (na) adj ඁ⨶࡝ elegant,



yū´ga (na) adj ඁ㞖࡝ elegant,



refined



yugamemásu, yugameru v ṅࡴࡱࡌ, ṅࡴࡾ distorts, warps yugami n ṅࡲ distortion, warp yūga-tō n ㄇ⻅⅁ light trap yūgi n 㐗ᡑ playgame: ~-shitsu 㐗 ᡑᐄ playroom yūhei n ᖻ㛚 confinement yūhodō n 㐗Ṅ㐠 promenade yuigon n 㐿ゕ 1. leaving a will 2. a will, testament (= ~-jø 㐿ゕ ≟, ~-sho 㐿ゕ᭡) graceful yūbō (na) adj ᭯᭻࡝ promising yúiitsu (no) adj ။ୌࡡ [BOOKISH] (= zento ~ (na) ๑㏭᭯᭻࡝ ): ~ the only (= tada hitotsu no ࡒࡓ (na) senshu ᭯᭻࡝ 㐽ᡥ prom- ࡥ࡛ࡗࡡ࣬။ୌࡗࡡ) yuimásu, yū (yuu) v ⤎࠷ࡱࡌ, ⤎࠹ ising player yudan n ἔ᩷ negligence, careless- does up one’s hair yūjū-fudan n ඁ᯺୘᩷ indecisiveness ness, sloppiness yudanemásu, yudanéru v ጟࡠࡱࡌ, yuka n ᗃ floor: ~-ita ᗃᯀ floor ጟࡠࡾ entrusts, commits board Yudayá-jin n ࣗࢱࣕெ Jew; ~-kyø yúkai (na) adj ញᛄ࡝ merry, ࣗࢱࣕᩅ Judaism happy, gay; funny, droll yudemásu, yudéru v ⲏ࡚ࡱࡌ, ⲏ࡚ yūkai n ㄇᢺ kidnap(ping); yūkaihan n ㄇᢺ≚ kidnapper ࡾ boils (food) yude-támago n ࡹ࡚༵࣬ⲏ࡚༵ yūkaku n 㐗㒄 red-light district yūkan (na) adj ຩᩊ࡝ brave boiled egg yué n ᨶ࣬ࡹ࠻ [BOOKISH] reason, yūkari n ࣭ࣗ࢜ࣛ eucalyptus grounds; … ~ ni …ᨶ࡞࣬ࡹ࠻࡞ yukata n ᾆ⾨࣬ࡹ࠾ࡒ (light)



for the reason that …, because … bathrobe yūenchi n 㐗ᅧᆀ amusement park yuketsu n ㍲⾉ blood transfusion yū´fuku (na) adj ⿩⚗࡝ rich, yukí n 㞯 snow: ~ ga furimásu 㞯 wealthy ࠿㜾ࡽࡱࡌ it snows; yuki-dama n yūfō n ࣭ࣗࣆ࢚࣭࣬UFO 㞯⋚ snowball; yuki-daruma n 㞯 unidentified flying object (= mi- ࡓࡾࡱ snowman; yuki-doke n 㞯 kakunin hikø-buttai ᮅ☔ヾ㣍⾔ ゆࡄ ① melting snow ② thaw ∸మ) (reduction or easing in tension



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yusaburimásu, yusaburu



or hostility); yuki-gassen n 㞯ྙᡋ yunikōdo n ࣗࢼࢤ࣭ࢺ unicode snowball fight; yuki-nádare n 㞯 yunikōn n ࣗࢼࢤ࣭ࣤ unicorn (= ࡝ࡓࡿ snowslide, avalanche (= ikkaku-jü ୌぽ⊿) nadare 㞯ᓻ࣬࡝ࡓࡿ); yuki-onna yūnō (na) adj ᭯⬗࡝ capable, n 㞯ዥ snow woman (spirit of efficient yunyū n ㍲ථ import(ing); yunyū-hin snow); yuki-otoko n 㞯⏠ yeti yū´ki n ຩẴ courage n ㍲ථဗ imported goods; yunyū´zei n ㍲ථ⛧ (import) duty yū´ki (no) adj ᭯ᶭࡡ organic: ~-yasai ᭯ᶭ㔕⳧ organic yūran n 㐗ぬ excursion vegetables: ~-kagaku ᭯ᶭ໩Ꮥ yūrashia n ࣭ࣗࣚࢨ࢓ Eurasia yure ᥺ࡿ n tremor, shock organic chemistry yukkúri adv ࡹࡖࡂࡽ 1. slowly yū´rei n ᖻ㟃 Japanese ghost 2. at ease; Go-yukkúri. ࡇࡹࡖࡂ (commonly lacks legs and feet) ࡽ. Take it easy. Don’t feel you (= bø-rei ஷ㟃) yuremásu, yureru v ᥺ࡿࡱࡌ, ᥺ࡿ have to rush. yūkō (na) adj ᭯ຝ࡝ effective, ࡾ it shakes, sways, swings, rocks, valid; yūkō-kigen n ᭯ຝ᭿㝀 rolls expiration date (except food.)(= yuri n ࣗࣛ࣬Ⓤྙ lily shømi-kigen ㈱࿝᭿㝀) yuri-kago n ᥺ࡽ࠾ࡇ࣬᥺ࡽ⡪ crayukue-fumei n ⾔᪁୘᪺ missing dle; yuri-kago kara hakaba made ᥺ࡽ (person, pet, etc.): ~-sha ⾔᪁୘ ࠾ࡇ>᥺ࡽ⡪@࠾ࡼ቉ሔࡱ࡚ (slo᪺⩽ a missing person gan) from the cradle to the grave yumé n ከ dream 1. succession of yū´ri (na) adj ฺ᭯࡝ profitable, images during sleep 2. aspiraadvantageous yurúi adj ⥾࠷࣬ࡹࡾ࠷ loose, tion, wish; ~ ga kanaimashita ከ࠿ྑ࠷ࡱࡊࡒ (My) dream slack; lenient; slow yurushí n スࡊ permission came true! yūmei (na) adj ᭯ྞ࡝ famous, yurushimásu, yurúsu v スࡊࡱࡌ, ス ࡌ allows, lets; pardons, forgives well-known yumí n ᘢ bow (for archery or yūryō n ᭯ᩩ pay (not free), violin); yumi-gata n ᘢᙟ curve, charge, fee: ~-chü´shajø ᭯ᩩ㥌 ㌬ሔ paid parking arch, bow yū´moa n ࣭࣓ࣗ࢓ humor, wit yūryoku (na) adj ᭯ງ࡝ strong, yunifōmu n ࣗࢼࣆ࢚࣭࣑ uniform powerful, influential yusaburimásu, yusaburu v ᥺ࡈࡩࡽ (of athlete, etc.) yuniiku n ࣗࢼ࣭ࢠ unique (= kosei- ࡱࡌ, ᥺ࡈࡩࡾ shakes (sways, teki ಴ᛮⓏ, dokutoku ≺≁) swings, rocks, shocks) it 325



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yūsen



yūsen n ඁ඙ priority: ~-jun’i ඁ ᥺ࡌࡾ shakes (sways, swings, ඙㡨న order of priority rocks) it yūsha n ຩ⩽ brave man (→ yūkan yusurimásu, yusuru v ᙁㄫࡽࡱࡌ, ຩᩊ) ᙁㄫࡾ blackmails, extorts yūshi n ⼝㈠ financing (of bank, yútaka (na) adj ㇇࠾࡝ abundant, etc.) plentiful; wealthy (= høfu (na) yūshi n ᭯ᚷ volunteer, supporter, ㇇ᐣ࡝ ) yū-tā´n n ࣭ࣗ[U]ࢰ࣭ࣤ U-turn interested person yūshi-téssen n ᭯ๆ㕪⥲ barbed Yuta-shū n ࣗࢰᕗ Utah yutori adj ࡹ࡛ࡽ leeway, breadth wire yushutsu n ㍲ฝ export(ing); yushu- of mind, space; ~-kyøiku ࡹ࡛ࡽ tsu-hin n ㍲ฝဗ export goods; yu- ᩅ⫩ less strenuous education shutsu-zei n ㍲ฝ⛧ (export) duty (primary education with reduced yūshoku-jinshu n ᭯Ⰵெ⛸ colored hours and/or content of the



races



curriculum)



yusō n ㍲㏞ transport(ation) yūsō n 㒉㏞ mailing; yūsō´-ryō n 㒉 ㏞ᩩ postage yusuburimásu, yusuburu v ᥺ࡌࡩࡽ ࡱࡌ, ᥺ࡌࡩࡾ shakes (sways,



yūutsu (na) adj ៟࠹ࡗ࣬៟㨒࡝



melancholy, gloom



yūwaku n ㄇᝠ temptation; seduction yūzai (no) adj ᭯⨝ࡡ guilty yúzu n ࣗࢫ࣬᯾Ꮔ citron yūzū n ⼝㏳ 1. financing 2. adaptswings, rocks) it yusugimásu, yusugu v ࡹࡌࡁࡱࡌ, ability, versatility; yūzū no/ga kiku ࡹࡌࡃ rinses (= susugu ࡌࡌࡃ) adv ⼝㏳ࡡ࠿ࡀࡂ adaptable, yūsu-hósuteru n ࣭ࣗࢪ࣌ࢪࢷࣜ versatile yuzurimásu, yuzuru v ㆙ࡽࡱࡌ, youth hostel yusuri n ࡹࡌࡽ࣬ᙁㄫࡽ black㆙ࡾ gives up; gives in; yields;



mail, extortion



cedes; is inferior



yusurimásu, yusuru v ᥺ࡌࡽࡱࡌ,



Z zá n ᗑ 1. theater (→ kabuki-za ḯ⯑ఃᗑ) 2. seat; za-búton n ᗑᕱᅆ Japanese flat square cushion to sit on; za-dan n ᗑㄧ [BOOKISH] chat; ~-kai ᗑㄧఌ



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round-table discussion; za-isu n ᗑ᳌Ꮔ backrest (= legless chair); za-kyō n ᗑ⮾ entertainment (at drinking party, etc.); za-seki n ᗑ ᖆ seat: ~-bángø ᗑᖆ␊ྒ seat



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JAPANESE–ENGLISH



zangyaku (na)



number; za-shikí n ᗑᩔ ① tatami ⏻ [BOOKISH] residing, residence: room, drawing room ② tatami- ~-shíkaku ᅹ⏻㈠᰹ status of floored seating area in Japanese- residence; zai-seki(-chū) adv ᅹ⡘ ୯ ① in school; in college; at style restaurant; za-zen n ᗑ⚑ meditation (Zen) university (= zai-gaku(-chü) ᅹ za-… prefix 㞟 miscellaneous; Ꮥ୯ ) ② in association: ~-sha zak-ka n 㞟㈄ miscellaneous ᅹ⡘⩽ registered person; zai-taku goods, sundries: ~-ten 㞟㈄ᗉ n ᅹᏩ [BOOKISH] being at home; ~-kinmu ᅹᏩໂຸ working at variety shop; za-tsuon n 㞟㡚 noise(s), static, miscellaneous home sounds; zas-shi n 㞟ヽ magazine, zai-… prefix ⨝… sin, crime; zái-aku periodical, miscellaneous articles; n ⨝ᝇ sin: ~-kan ⨝ᝇវ feeling/ zatsudan n 㞟ㄧ (miscellaneous) sense of guilt; zai-nin n ⨝ெ chat; zat-ta (na) adj 㞟ኣ࡝ criminal zaiko n ᅹᗔ inventory; zaiko-hyō n sundry, miscellaneous zái n ᮞ (= zaimoku ᮞᮄ) lumber; ᅹᗔ⾪ inventory list; zaiko-shobun (= zairyø ᮞᩩ) material; zai-moku sēru n ᅹᗔฌฦࢬ࣭ࣜ clearance n ᮞᮄ lumber, wood; zai-ryō´ n sale ᮞᩩ raw material(s), ingredient(s): Zaimu-shō n ㈀ຸ┤ Ministry of süpu no ~ ࢪ࣭ࣈࡡᮞᩩ ingredi- Finance záiru n ࢧ࢕ࣜ a mountain-climbents for the soup zái n ㈀ (= záisan ㈀⏐) wealth; ing rope zai-batsu n ㈀㛰 a big financial zamā´-miro interj ࡉࡱ࠵ずࢀ group; zai-dan n ㈀ᅆ a founda(mostly male, very informal) It tion; zai-gen n ㈀″ financial serves you/them right! zandaka n ṟ㧏 (remaining money) resources; zai-hō n ㈀᐀ riches (money, jewels, etc.), treasures; balance: (ginkø)yokin-~㖗⾔ 㡰 zai-kai n ㈀⏲ financial circles; 㔘ṟ㧏 bank balance zai-ryoku n ㈀ງ financial power, zangai n ṟ㦹 1. wreck(age) which economic power; zái-san n ㈀⏐ does not preserve its original shape one’s property, wealth, fortune; 2. thrown corpse which does not zai-sei n ㈀ᨳ finance preserve its original shape zai-… prefix n ᅹ… (resident) in; zángé n ᠪ᜴ confession (of sins) zai-gaku(-chū) adv ᅹᏕ୯ in zangyaku (na) adj ṟ⹚࡝ mercischool; in college; at university: less and cruel/brutal (to animals, ~-shømeisho ᅹᏕチ᪺᭡ certifpeople), atrocious; ~-kø´i ṟ⹚⾔ Ⅵ an atrocity icate of enrollment; zai-ryū n ᅹ 327



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zangyō



zangyō n ṟᴏ overtime (work) zankoku (na) adj ṟ㓖࡝ cruel



ᾐ㈕⛧ consumption tax; shotoku-~ ᡜᚋ⛧ income tax; jümin-~ పẰ⛧ resident tax; to, brutal to, harsh towards zei-kan n ⛧㛭 customs, custom (animals, people): ~ na shiuchi ṟ㓖࡝௘ᡬࡔ cruel treatment house; zei-kin n ⛧㔘 tax (= zei zannén (na) adj ṟᛍ࡝ regret⛧); zei-mu sho n ⛧ຸ⨣ tax office zeitákú n ࡏ࠷ࡒࡂ࣬㉍Ἁ luxury, table, disappointed; too bad, extravagance: ~ (na) ࡏ࠷ࡒࡂ࣬ a pity; ~-nagara ṟᛍ࡝࠿ࡼ regrettably (= ikan-nagara 㐿᠅࡝ ㉍Ἁ࡝ luxurious; zeitaku-hin n ࡏ࠷ࡒࡂ>㉍Ἁ@ဗ luxury (goods), ࠿ࡼ [BOOKISH]) zannin (na) adj ṟᚰ࡝ brutal, luxuries cruel (= zankoku (na) ṟ㓖࡝ ): zékken n ࢭࢴࢢࣤ an athlete’s ~ na hito ṟᚰ࡝ெ cruel person number: ~ o tsukemásu ࢭࢴࢢ zara ni adv ࡉࡼ࡞ found everyࣤࢅ௛ࡄࡱࡌ attaches/assigns a



where, very common



number (to an athlete)



zárazara (shita) adj ࡉࡼࡉࡼࡊࡒ zekkō (no) adj ⤧ይ(ࡡ) best; ~-chø ⤧ይㄢ best condition rough(-textured) zarigani n ࢧࣛ࢝ࢼ crawfish zémi n ࢭ࣐, zeminå´ru ࢭ࣐ࢻ࣭ zarú n ࡉࡾ࣬ࢧࣜ a bamboo ࣜ seminar zén n ၻ goodness; ~-aku ၻᝇ sieve/colander zāsai n ࢧ࣭ࢦ࢕ Chinese pickles good and evil, right and wrong; zasetsu n ᣰᢙ falling by the way- zén’-i n ၻណ goodwill; zén-sho n ၻฌ [BOOKISH]: ~ shimásu ၻฌ side, frustration, setback, fail; ~-kan ᣰᢙវ feeling of frustraࡊࡱࡌ “I will do my best” (about tion, sense of failure; ~ shimásu the matter) = Don’t expect me to ᣰᢙࡊࡱࡌ gets frustrated, falls do anything. Zén n ⚑ Zen (Buddhism) by the wayside, fails zatsu (na) adj 㞟࡝ coarse, crude zen n ⭻ (o-zen ࠽⭻, gó-zen ᚒ⭻) zatto adv ࡉࡖ࡛ roughly; briefly (traditional individual low) meal … ze interj …ࡏ (mostly male. table, dining tray VERY INFORMAL) indeed, I tell you zén-… prefix ධ… all, total, whole, zé-hi adv ࡏࡥ࣬᫕㟸 1. without complete, the whole; zén-bu adv ධ fail, for sure: 2. [BOOKISH] right 㒂 everything, completely: ~ de and wrong, pros and cons; shikei ධ㒂࡚ altogether; zen’-in n ධဤ (seido) no ~ Ṓฬโᗐ ࡡ᫕㟸 everyone; zén-koku (no) adj ධᅗ pros and cons of the death penalty ࡡ nation-wide; zen-men n ධ㟻 zéi n ⛧ tax (= ~-kin ⛧㔘); shøhi-~ the entire surface; zen-metsu n ධ



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zoku-shimásu, zoku-súru



⁓ annihilation; zen-shin n ධ㌗



zettai ni ⤧ᑊ࡞ totally, absolutely the whole body, body as a whole; zi… → j… zen-tai n ධమ the whole, entirety: … zo interj …ࡑ (mostly male. ~ no ධమࡡ entire, whole; ~ ni VERY INFORMAL) indeed, I tell ධమ࡞ wholly, generally; zén-tai you adv ධమ originally, primarily (= zō n ാ 1. statue (= chø-~ ᙦാ) gánrai ඔᮮ); zen-zen adv ධ↓࣬ 2. image: terebi ei-~ ࢷࣝࣄ᫆ ࡏࢆࡏࢆ ① [+ NEGATIVE verb] (not) ാ images on TV screen: ga-~ ⏤ ാ picture, image 3. portrait (= at all, (not) ever ② [INFORMAL] shø-~ ⫔ാ) completely, utterly, entirely, altogether zō n ࢯࢗ࣬㇗ elephant zén-… prefix ๑…[BOOKISH] zō-… prefix ቌ increase; zō-dai former, earlier (= máe no … ๑ n ቌኬ enlargement, increase; ࡡ…); zen-chō n ๑඗ omen, sign; zō´-ho n ቌ⿭ supplement; zō-ka n zén-go n ๑ᚃ ① before and after; ቌຊ increase, growth; zō-ryō n ahead and behind; back and forth ቌ㔖 increase (quantity); zō-satsu ② sequence, order; …-zén-go suffix n ቌใ reprint (publishing); zōshin n ቌ㐅 promotion, better…๑ᚃ approximately, around, about (= teido ⛤ᗐ); zen-han n ๑ ment, increase ༖ the first half; zen-men n ๑㟻 zōgan n ㇗╉ inlaid work; damathe front side; zen-rei n ๑ౚ scene precedent, prior example; zén-sha zōka n ㏸ⰴ artificial flower n ๑⩽ the former; zen-shin n ๑㐅 zōkei n ㏸マ profound knowledge advance; zen-tei n ๑ᥞ premise; (of academics, arts, technologies, zén-to n ๑㏭ the future, prospects; etc.): ~ ga fukai ㏸マ࠿῕࠷ is zén’-ya n ๑እ the night before well versed zenmai n ࡏࢆࡱ࠷࣬ࢭ࣏ࣤ࢕ 1. a zōkin n ࡑ࠹ࡀࢆ࣬㞟ᕮ rag,



spring, hairspring, clock-spring dustcloth 2. royal fern, osmund zoku n ㈣ robber, bandit, thief zensoku n ࡏࢆࡐࡂ࣬ႉ᜝ asthma …´-zoku suffix …᪐ (name of zeppeki n ⤧ባ precipice certain) tribe/gang/group of …; zérii n ࢭ࣭ࣛ jelly the …s zéro n ࢭࣞ zero zokugo n ಐㄊ slang zetsubō n ⤧᭻ despair zoku (na) adj ಐ࡝ common, zetsuen shimásu v ⤧⦍ࡊࡱࡌ vulgar; popular zoku-shimásu, zoku-súru v ᒌࡊࡱࡌ, insulates zettai (no) adv ⤧ᑊࡡ absolute: ᒌࡌࡾ belongs 329



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zokú zoku



JAPANESE–ENGLISH



zokú zoku adv ࡑࡂࡑࡂ࣬⤾ࠍ



a good thing too far, takes one right after another, in rapid advantage of a person; zu-an n ᅒ ᱄ sketch, design; zu-hyō n succession zóku zoku shimásu (suru) v ࡑࡂࡑࡂ ᅒ⾪ chart, diagram (= chåto ࢲ࣭ࣔࢹ); zu-kai n ᅒゆ illustraࡊࡱࡌࡌࡾ 1. is thrilled with excitement 2. shivers with chill tion, diagram zonbún (ni) adv Ꮛฦ࡞ as much …-zu suffix …ࡍ, …-zu ni …ࡍ࡞ as one likes = …-nái de …࡝࠷࡚ (not doing, zóngai adv Ꮛአ beyond expecta- instead of doing) zubari adv ࡍࡣࡽ [INFORMAL] tions zōni n 㞟↳࣬ࡑ࠹࡞ rice cakes frankly: ~ iimásu ࡍࡣࡽゕ࠷ࡱ boiled with vegetables (eaten as ࡌ comes directly to the point zubón n ࢫ࣍ࣤ trousers, pants, New Year’s soup) zon-jiagemásu, zon-jiageru v Ꮛࡋ࠵ slacks; zubon-shita n ࢫ࣍ࣤୖ ࡅࡱࡌ, Ꮛࡋ࠵ࡅࡾ [HUMBLE] underpants, shorts; zubon-tsuri n ࢫ࣍ࣤྛࡽ suspenders thinks, feels; knows zon-jimásu, zon-jíru v Ꮛࡋࡱࡌ, Ꮛ zubutoi adv ᅒኯ࠷ thick-skinned, ࡋࡾ [HUMBLE/DEFERENTIAL] impudent: ~ shinkei ᅒኯ࠷♼⤊ thinks, feels; knows nerves of steel zonzái (na) adj ࡑࢆࡉ࠷࡝ slov- zúibun adv ࡍ࠷ࡩࢆ࣬㝮ฦ 1. enly, rough, carelessly, sloppy fairly, rather 2. very, quite, zōri n ⲙᒓ straw sandals extremely (= kanari ࠾࡝ࡽ) zórozoro adv ࡑࢀࡑࢀ in streams/ zuihitsu n 㝮➱ essays zúii (no) adj 㝮ណࡡ voluntary, crowds, in large numbers zōsen n ㏸⯢ shipbuilding; zōsen-jó optional (= nin’i (no) ௴ណࡡ ) n ㏸⯢ᡜ shipyard zúiji adv 㝮᫤ as needed, at zōsho n ⶮ᭡ book collection, anytime as one likes -zuke suffix ௛ࡄ dated library zōsui n 㞟⅍ rice boiled in a soup …-zuki suffix …ይࡀ a lover of …, zo¯-tei n ㉏࿆ [HUMBLE] presentaa great … fan zúkku n ࢫࢴࢠ canvas; duck (fabric) tion: ~ shimásu ㉏࿆ࡊࡱࡌ …-zúkuri suffix …㏸ࡽ made of … presents zotto adv ࡑࡖ࡛ with a shudder/ zūmu n ࢫ࣭࣑ zoom (camera) zúnō n 㢄⬳ [BOOKISH] brains, shiver zu n ᅒ picture, drawing, chart, head, intellect (= atama 㢄) zurashimásu, zurasu v ࡍࡼࡊࡱࡌ, map, diagram, figure: ~ ni norimásu ᅒ࡞஋ࡽࡱࡌ pushes ࡍࡼࡌ shifts 330



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zy…



zuré n ࡍࡿ discrepancy, lag, gap zuremásu, zuréru v ࡍࡿࡱࡌ, ࡍࡿ ࡾ slips out of place, gets loose zurō´su n ࢫ࣭ࣞࢪ panties; drawers zúru n ࡍࡾ cheating; zuru-gashikoi adj ࡍࡾ㈴࠷ cunning, wily; zurúi adj ࡍࡾ࠷ sly, cunning, tricky; zuru-yásumi n ࡍࡾఆࡲ skipping



each, apiece, at a time zutsū n 㢄⑚ headache: ~ no táne 㢄⑚ࡡ⛸ one’s biggest headache zutto adv ࡍࡖ࡛ 1. directly 2. by far, much (more): ~ máe ࡍࡖ࡛ ๑ way back (before), a long time ago 3. all the way through, all the time zūzūshíi adj ࡍ࠹ࡍ࠹ࡊ࠷࣬ᅒࠍ (school); truancy zusan (na) adj ࡍࡈࢆ࡝ sloppy, ࡊ࠷ brazen, shameless, impudent slipshod, careless, slovenly (= atsukamashii ཉ࠾ࡱࡊ࠷) …´zútsu suffix …ࡍࡗ (of/for) zy… → j…



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PART II ENGLISH – JAPANESE



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abrade



A a, an → one (but usually omitted



in Japanese) abacus n soroban ࡐࢀࡣࢆ abandon v sutemásu ᤖ࡙ࡱࡌ abase v otoshimásu ⴘ࡛ࡊࡱࡌ abate v 1. (lose steam) osamarimásu ἖ࡱࡽࡱࡌ, yawaragimásu ࿰ࡼࡁࡱࡌ 2. herashimásu ΅ ࡼࡊࡱࡌ 3. (exclude) haijo shimásu ᤴ㝎ࡊࡱࡌ; (resolve) mukø ni shimásu ↋ຝ࡞ࡊࡱࡌ abbreviate v ryakushimásu ␆ࡊࡱࡌ abdicate v 1. shirizokimásu ㏝ࡀࡱ ࡌ, jinin shimásu ㎙௴ࡊࡱࡌ 2. ~ the throne taii shimásu ㏝న ࡊࡱࡌ abdomen n onaka ࠽࡝࠾࣬࠽⭙, fukubu ⭙㒂, hara ⭙ abduct v yükai shimásu ㄇᢺࡊࡱࡌ aberration n dassen ⬲⥲, itsudatsu 㐋⬲, seishin ijø ⢥♼␏ᖏ abet v keshikakemásu ࡄࡊ࠾ࡄࡱࡌ abeyance n ichiji teishi ୌ᫤ೳḾ, horyü ಕ⏻ abhor v (dislike intensely) nikumimásu ៦ࡲࡱࡌ, (not favored) kiraimásu ᎒࠷ࡱࡌ abide v 1. (stay) nokórimásu ṟࡽ ࡱࡌ, todomarimásu ⏻ࡱࡽࡱࡌ 2. (dwell) sumimásu పࡲࡱࡌ 3. (suffer) gaman shimásu ᠻះࡊ ࡱࡌ, ...ni taemásu ... ࡞⪇࠻ࡱࡌ ability n 1. (skill) nøryoku ⬗ງ, udemae ⭆๑, o-)témae ࠽ ᡥ



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๑; (stuff) kíryø ჹ㔖, utsuwa ჹ ࣬࠹ࡗࢂ 2. (function) hataraki ഼ࡀ; (proficiency) jitsuryoku ᐁງ 3. (talent) sái(nø) ᡧ⬗ abject adj mijime (na) ᝲࡴ࡝ , hisán (na) ᝊᝲ࡝ ablaze adj 1. (shiny) kagayaiteiru ㍜࠷࡙࠷ࡾ 2. (burning) moeteiru ⇖࠻࡙࠷ࡾ able → can abnormal adj (abnormality) ijø (na) ␏ᖏ࡝ aboard v gets ~ norimásu ஋ࡽࡱࡌ abode n ie ᐓ, jükyo పᑽ, jütaku పᏩ abolish v (demolish) haishi shimásu ᗣḾࡊࡱࡌ, yamemásu Ḿࡴࡱࡌ aborigine n aborijini ࢓࣍ࣛࢩࢼ, aborijinii ࢓࣍ࣛࢩࢼ࣭, genjümin ཋపẰ, senjümin ඙పẰ abort v chüshi shimásu ୯Ḿࡊࡱࡌ abortion n datai ሃ⫶, ninshin chü´zetsu ዲፈ୯⤧ abound v tomimásu ᐣࡲࡱࡌ about prep 1. (an amount) yáku ... ⣑..., ... gúrai ...న, ... hodo ...⛤, ...-zéngo... ๑ᚃ, ...-kéntø ...ずᙔ 2. (a time) ... góro (ni) ... 㡥࡞ 3. (concerning) ... ni tsúite (no) ... ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡡ above prep ... (no) úé (ni) ...ࡡ ୕࡞ abrade v 1. (to wear down) suri-



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abreast



hera shimásu ࡌࡽ΅ࡼࡊࡱࡌ, (to be worn away) mamø sasemásu ☳⪎ࡈࡎࡱࡌ 2. (chafe) iraira sasemasu ࢕ࣚ࢕ࣚࡈࡎࡱࡌ abreast adv yokó ni narande ᶋ࡞ ୩ࢆ࡚; not ~ of ...ni utói ...࡞␧ ࠷࣬࠹࡛࠷ abridge v (shorten) tanshuku shimásu ▯⦨ࡊࡱࡌ, yøyaku shimásu こ⣑ࡊࡱࡌ; (abate) hera shimásu ΅ࡼࡊࡱࡌ abroad adv gaikoku (de) አᅗ࡚ , káigai (de) ᾇአ࡚ ; study abroad n ryügaku ⏻Ꮥ abrupt adj totsuzen (no) ✲↓ࡡ abscond v nigemásu ㏠ࡅࡱࡌ absence n kesseki (no) Ḗᖆࡡ , (from home) rúsu (no) ⏻Ꮼࡡ absent v kesseki shimásu Ḗᖆ ࡊࡱࡌ absolute adv zettai (no) ⤧ᑊࡡ absolutely adv zettai ni ⤧ᑊ࡞, honto (hontø) ni ᮇᙔ࣬࡮ࢆ࡛ ࡮ࢆ࡛࠹ ࡞; ~ cannot tøtei ฽ᗇ + [NAGATIVE] absorbed adj (fascinated) uttóri (to) ࠹ࡖ࡛ࡽ࡛ ; gets ~ in ... ni korimásu ...࡞ฆࡽࡱࡌ absorption n kyüshü ྺ཭ abstain v 1. (stops) yamemásu ࡷࡴࡱࡌ࣬Ḿࡴࡱࡌ, (refrains from) tsutsushimimasu ួࡲࡱࡌ; ~ from ... o yamemásu ... ࢅࡷࡴ ࡱࡌ, tachimásu ᩷ࡔࡱࡌ 2. (does not vote) kíken shimásu Ი ᶊࡊࡱࡌ abstinence n jisei ⮤โ, sessei ⟿โ,



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kinshu ⚏㒿 abstract adj chüshø-teki (na) ᢫㇗ Ⓩ࡝ absurd adj baka-rashíi ࡣ࠾ࡼࡊ࠷ abundance n tómi ᐣ abundant adj yútaka (na) ㇇࠾࡝ abuse 1. n warú-kuchi/-guchi ᝇཾ 2. → scold, mistreat abusive adj ranbø (na) ஗ᬸ࡝ , kuchigitanai ཾỗ࠷, warui ᝇ࠷ abysmal adj hidói ࡥ࡜࠷࣬㓖࠷, sokonuke (no) ᗇᢜࡄࡡ, hakarishirenai ゛ࡽ▩ࡿ࡝࠷ abyss n chi no soko ᆀࡡᗇ, shin’en ῕㐪, naraku ዄⴘ, donzoko ࡜ࢆᗇ AC, alternating current n køryü ஹὮ academic adj akádemikku ࢓࢜ࢸ ࣐ࢴࢠ, gakumon Ꮥၡ academy n gakkø´ Ꮥᰧ accede v tsugimásu ⤽ࡁࡱࡌ, døi shimásu ྜྷណࡊࡱࡌ; accede to v ... ni ø-jimásu ...࡞ᚺࡋࡱࡌ accelerate v kasóku shimásu ຊ㏷ ࡊࡱࡌ accent n ákusento ࢓ࢠࢬࣤࢹ accept v 1. ukemásu ུࡄࡱࡌ, uke-torimásu ུࡄཱིࡽࡱࡌ, uketsukemásu ུࡄ௛ࡄࡱࡌ 2. (consents) shødaku shimásu ᢆ ㅑࡊࡱࡌ; ~ a bill (of payment) tegata o hiki-ukemásu ᡥᙟࢅᘤ ࡀུࡄࡱࡌ acceptance n 1. shødaku ᢆㅑ 2. (resignation) akirame ㅁࡴ access; seeks ~ to ... ni sekkin o hakarimásu ...࡞᥃㎾ࢅᅒࡽࡱࡌ



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acquaint



accessory n (clothing ~; belt, handbag, etc.) akusesarii ࢓ࢠࢬ ࢦ࣭ࣛ accident n 1. jíko ஥ᨶ, dekígoto ฝᮮ஥ 2. (disaster) sønan 㐴㞬 accidentally adv güzen ni ഃ↓࡞, hyótto ࡥࡺࡖ࡛ acclaim 1. n shøsan ⛘㈮ 2. v shøsan shimásu ⛘㈮ࡊࡱࡌ accommodate v shukuhaku sasemásu ᐙἡࡈࡎࡱࡌ, tekiø shimásu 㐲ᚺࡊࡱࡌ accommodation n (place to stay) shukuhaku shisetsu ᐙἡ᪃シ; (facilities) sétsubi シങ accompany v 1. ~ ... to issho ni ikimásu ...࡛ ୌ⥬࡞⾔ࡀࡱࡌ; ...ni tomonaimásu ...࡞ఔ࠷ࡱࡌ 2. is accompanied by (= brings along) ... o tsuremásu ... ࢅ㏻ ࡿࡱࡌ accomplice n kyøhansha භ≚⩽, ichimi ୌ࿝ accomplish v 1. (shite) shimaimásu ࡊ࡙ ࡊࡱ࠷ࡱࡌ; hatashimásu ᯕࡒࡊࡱࡌ; togemásu 㐑ࡅࡱࡌ 2. (attains) ...ni tas-shimásu ...࡞ 㐡ࡊࡱࡌ㐡ࡌࡾ, 㐡ࡊ࡙ ; ... ga kanaimásu ... ࠿࠾࡝࠷ࡱࡌ accordance n itchi ୌ⮬; in ~ with ... ni ø-jite ...࡞ᚺࡋ࡙... ni shitagátte ...࡞ࡊࡒ࠿ࡖ࡙࣬ᚉࡖ࡙ according (to) adj 1. (relying on) ... ni yoru to ...࡞ࡻࡾ࡛, ... no hanashíde (wa) ...ࡡヨ࡚ࡢ 2. (in conformity with) ... ni shitagatte ...࡞ᚉࡖ࡙



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accost v kóe o kakemásu ኇࢅ࠾ ࡄࡱࡌ, hanashikakemásu ヨࡊ ࠾ࡄࡱࡌ account n 1. (bill) kanjø´ ືᏽ 2. (credit) tsuké ࡗࡄ 3. (bank ~) køza ཾᗑ, yokin 㡰㔘; on account of ... no séi de ... ࡡࡎ࠷࡚ → because → sake (for the); takes into account kø´ryo ni iremásu ⩻៎࡞ ථࡿࡱࡌ accountant n kaikei(-gákari) ఌ゛ ౿ , kaikéi-shi ఌ゛ኃ accounts n (o-)kaikei ࠽ ఌ゛ accumulate v 1. (it ~s) tsumorimásu ✒ࡵࡽࡱࡌ, tamarimásu ࡒࡱࡽ ࡱࡌ; tsumemásu ࡗࡴࡱࡌ; atsumarimásu 㞗ࡱࡽࡱࡌ 2. (~s it) tsumimásu ✒ࡲࡱࡌ, tamemásu ࡒࡴࡱࡌ; atsumemásu 㞗ࡴࡱࡌ accurate adj seikaku (na) ḿ☔࡝ accuse v uttaemásu セ࠻ࡱࡌ; (criticizes) hínan shimásu 㟸㞬 ࡊࡱࡌ accustom v ~ oneself to ... ni naremásu ... ࡞ៈࡿࡱࡌ ache 1. v (it aches) itamimásu ⑚ ࡲࡱࡌ 2. n (an ache) itamí ⑚ࡲ achieve → accomplish achievement n (work) hataraki ഼ࡀ acid 1. n sán 㓗 2. adj suppái 㓗ࡖ ࡤ࠷ acknowledge v mitomemásu ヾ ࡴࡱࡌ acoustic n 1. akø´sutíkku (gakki) ࢓ࢤ࣭ࢪࢷ࢔ࢴࢠᴞჹ 2. onkyø 㡚㡢 acquaint v ~ oneself with (... o)



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acquaintance



shirimásu ...ࢅ ▩ࡽࡱࡌ; is acquainted with ... o shitte imásu ... ࢅ▩ࡖ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ acquaintance n shiriai ▩ࡽྙ࠷, chijin ▩ெ acquiesce v fukujü shimásu ᭱ᚉ ࡊࡱࡌ acquire → get acquit v shakuhø´ shimásu 㔐ᨲࡊ ࡱࡌ, kaihø shimásu ゆᨲࡊࡱࡌ, muzai ni shim£su ↋⨝࡞ࡊࡱࡌ acre n ëkå ࢙࣭࣭࢜ acrobat n akurobátto ࢓ࢠࣞࣁࢴࢹ, kyokugei ᭜ⰹ acronym n kashira moji 㢄ᩝᏊ across prep, adv ... (no) mukø(ni) ...ࡡ ྡྷࡆ࠹࡞ , múkø ྡྷࡆ࠹; across the way mukø ྡྷࡆ࠹, mukøgawa ྡྷࡆ࠹ഁ; cuts ~ yoko-girimásu ᶋวࡽࡱࡌ act n 1. → do 2. (deed) shiwaza ࡊࢂࡉ࣬௘ᴏ, okonai ⾔࠷, kø´i ⾔Ⅵ 3. (of play) makú ᖞ; dán ṹ 4. høritsu Ἢᚂ acting 1. n (play acting) éngi ⁿᢇ 2. → temporary; ~ as agent daikø ௥⾔ action n 1. katsudø Ὡິ 2. (conduct) okonai ⾔࠷; (behavior) kødø ⾔ິ → activity active adj kappatsu (na) ὩⓆ࡝ ; is ~ katsuyaku shimásu Ὡ㌅ࡊ ࡱࡌ activity n 1. katsudø Ὡິ, katsuyaku Ὡ㌅ 2. (work) hataraki ഼ࡀ 3. (agency) kikán ᶭ㛭 → exercise → movement



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actor n yakusha ᙲ⩽, haiyü ಢඁ actress n joyü ዥඁ actual adj jissai (no) ᐁ㝷ࡡ ; ~ conditions genjitsu ⌟ᐁ actually adv jitsú wa ᐁࡢ, jitsu ní ᐁ࡞ acupuncture n hári ࡢࡽ࣬㘸 acute adj 1. (sharp) surudói 㗞࠷ 2. (severe) hageshíi ⃥ࡊ࠷ 3. (sudden) kyüsei (no) ᛬ᛮࡡ adamant adj katái ࠾ࡒ࠷࣬◫࠷࣬ ᅖ࠷, gánko (na) 㡱ᅖ࡝ , dánko (to shita) ᩷ᅖ࡛ࡊࡒ adapt v tekigø´ sasemásu 㐲ྙࡈ ࡎࡱࡌ adaptability n yüzü ⼝㏳; is adaptable yüzü ga kikimásu ⼝㏳࠿ࡀ ࡀࡱࡌ adapter n adáputå´ ࢓ࢱࣈࢰ࣭ add v kuwaemásu ຊ࠻ࡱࡌ;



(supplements it with) soemásu ῟࠻ࡱࡌ; yosemásu ᐞࡎࡱࡌ addict n jøyø´-sha ᖏ⏕⩽, chüdoku (-sha) ୯Ẑ⩽ , izón-sha ౪Ꮛ⩽ addition n tsuiká ㏛ຊ, tenká ῟ຊ; in ~ to ...no hoka (ni) ...ࡡ௙࡞ , [BOOKISH]... no tá (ni) ...ࡡ௙࡞ address n 1. jüsho పᡜ, (...) saki ... ඙, (house number) banchi ␊ᆀ, (written) tokoro-gaki ᡜ᭡ ࡀ, adoresu ࢓ࢺࣝࢪ; contact address n renraku-saki ㏻⤙඙; e-mail address n mëru ádoresu (meru-ado) ࣒࣭ࣜ࢓ࢺࣝࢪ࣒ࣜ ࢓ࢺ 2. enzetsu ⁿㄕ 3. v torikumimásu ཱིࡽ⤄ࡲࡱࡌ adequate adj ...-no tame (ni) ...ࡡ



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aesthetic



ࡒࡴ࡞ adhere v kuttsukimásu ࡂࡖࡗࡀࡱ ࡌ; fucháku shimásu ௛╌ࡊࡱࡌ adjacent adj 1. → next 2. is ~ to ...ni ses-shimásu ...࡞᥃ࡊࡱࡌ adjective n keiyø´shi ᙟᐖペ adjoining → next adjust v totonoemásu ᩒ࠻ࡱࡌ chøsei/séiri/kagen shimásu ㄢᩒ ᩒ⌦/ຊ΅ࡊࡱࡌ adjustment n chøsei ㄢᩒ, séiri ᩒ ⌦, kagen ຊ΅, chøsetsu ㄢ⟿ administration n 1. (of government) gyøsei ⾔ᨳ 2. (of business) keiei ⤊ႜ, kánri ⟮⌦ admirable adj mígoto (na) ず஥ ࡝ , rippa (na) ❟Ὤ࡝ admiral n táishø ኬᑑ admire v kanshin shimásu វᚨ ࡊࡱࡌ, homemásu 「ࡴࡱࡌ, akogaremásu ࠵ࡆ࠿ࡿ>៷ࡿ@ ࡱࡌ admission n (to hospital) nyüin ථ 㝌; (to school) nyügaku ථᏕ; (to a place) nyüjø ථሔ; admission fee n nyüjø´-ryø ථሔᩩ admit v 1. (lets in) iremásu ථࡿࡱ ࡌ, tøshimásu ㏳ࡊࡱࡌ 2. (acknowledges) mitomemásu ヾࡴ ࡱࡌ; (confesses) uchi-akemásu ᡬࡔ᪺ࡄࡱࡌ admonish v chükoku shimásu ᚽ࿈ ࡊࡱࡌ, chüi shimásu Ἰណࡊࡱࡌ, kankoku shimásu ໅࿈ࡊࡱࡌ adolescent n seinen 㟯ᖳ adopt v (a boy) yøshi ni shimásu 㣬Ꮔ࡞ࡊࡱࡌ; (a girl) yø´jo ni



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shimásu 㣬ዥ࡞ࡊࡱࡌ adorable adj kawaíi ࠾ࢂ࠷࠷࣬ྊ យ࠷, kawairashíi ࠾ࢂ࠷ࡼࡊ࠷࣬ ྊយࡼࡊ࠷, airashíi យࡼࡊ࠷ adore v akogaremásu ࠵ࡆ࠿ࡿ >៷ࡿ@ࡱࡌ adult n otona ࠽࡛࡝࣬ኬெ, seijin ᠺெ adultery n kantsü ጩ㏳, furin ୘೒ advance 1. n zenshin ๑㐅 2. n in ~ sono máe ni ࡐࡡ๑࡞; (beforehand) mae motte ๑ࡵࡖ࡙, jizen ni ஥๑࡞ 3. v (goes ahead) susumimásu 㐅ࡲࡱࡌ; (~s it) susumemásu 㐅ࡴࡱࡌ, (lends money) yüzü shimásu ⼝㏳ࡊࡱࡌ advantage n 1. (o-)toku ࠽ ᚋ, (benefit) ríeki ฺ─; takes ~ of ... o riyø shimásu ...ࢅฺ⏕ࡊࡱࡌ 2. (merit) chø´sho 㛏ᡜ advent n shutsugen ฝ⌟, tørai ฽ᮮ, kirisuto no kørin ࢞ࣛࢪࢹ ࡡ㜾⮣ adventure n bøken ා㝜 adverb n fukushi ๧ペ adversary n (o-)aite ࠽ ┞ᡥ adverse adj fúri (na) ୘ฺ࡝ , gyakkyø (no) ㏣ሾࡡ advertisement, ad n køkoku ᗀ࿈ advice n 1. adobáisu ࢓ࢺࣁ࢕ࢪ, chükoku ᚽ࿈ 2. (consultation) sødan ┞ㄧ adviser n (consultant) komon 㢫ၡ, sødan aite ┞ㄧ┞ᡥ advocate v tonaemásu ၌࠻ࡱࡌ aerobics n earobíkusu ࢙࢓ࣞࣄࢠࢪ aesthetic adj bi-teki (na) ⨶Ⓩ࡝



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afar



afar adv tøku (ni) 㐪ࡂ࡞ , enpø 㐪᪁; from ~ tøku kara 㐪ࡂ࠾ࡼ affable adj áiso/áisø ga íi ࠵࠷ ࡐ࠵࠷ࡐ࠹>យ᝷@࠿࠷࠷, hitozuki no suru ெይࡀࡡࡌࡾ, shitashimiyasui のࡊࡲࡷࡌ࠷ affair n 1. kotó ஥, kotogara ஥ᯮ, jíken ஥௲, shigoto ௘஥ 2. (love ~) (extramarital) uwaki ᾃẴ affect → influence affection n nasake ᝗ࡄ(o-)násake ࠽ ᝗ࡄ, aijø យ᝗ affiliate 1. v kamei shimásu ຊ┍ ࡊࡱࡌ 2. n ko-gaisha Ꮔఌ♣, shiten ᨥᗉ affirmation n køtei ⫧ᏽ affix v setsuji ᥃㎙, tenkábutsu ῟ຊ∸ affliction n kurushimi ⱖࡊࡲ afford v (jübun na) (o-)kane ga arimásu ༎ฦ࡝ ࠽ 㔘࠿࠵ࡽ ࡱࡌ; yoyü ga arimásu ఴ⿩࠿࠵ ࡽࡱࡌ affront 1. v bujoku shimásu ౱㎧ ࡊࡱࡌ 2. n bujoku ౱㎧ Afghanistan n Afuganísutan ࢓ࣆ ࢝ࢼࢪࢰࣤ afloat adj, adv ukan da/de ᾃ࠾ࢆ ࡓ࡚; afloat cargo n okini ἀⲬ afraid; is ~ of ... (...ga) kowái desu ...࠿ ᛟ࠷࡚ࡌ, (...o) kowagarimásu ...ࢅ ᛟ࠿ࡽࡱࡌ Africa n Afurika ࢓ࣆࣛ࢜ after 1. prep ... kará ...࠾ࡼ, ... (no) áto de ...ࡡ ᚃ࡚ 2. adv ... shita ato ni/de ...ࡊࡒᚃ࡞࡚; after a long time adv (of absence)



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hisashi-buri ni ஁ࡊࡩࡽ࡞; after a while adv shibáraku shite ࡊࡣ ࡼࡂࡊ࡙; after all adv kekkyokú ⤎ ᑻ; yappári ࡷࡖࡤࡽ, yappáshi ࡷ ࡖࡤࡊ; tsúmari ࡗࡱࡽ; After you! interj Døzo o-saki ni ࡜࠹ࡑ࠽ ඙࡞ afternoon n, adv hirú kara ᫠࠾ࡼ, gógo ༔ᚃ aftertaste n ató-aji ᚃ࿝; leaves a bad ~ atóaji ga warúi ᚃ࿝࠿ᝇ࠷ after(ward) adv ato ᚃ afterwards adv áto de ᚃ࡚ again adv mø ichi-dó ࡵ࠹ୌᗐ, mø ik-kái ࡵ࠹ୌᅂ; matá ࡱࡒ࣬ ཧ; aratámete ᨭࡴ࡙, kurikaeshimásu (ga) ⧖ࡽ㏁ࡊࡱࡌ࠿ against prep 1. (in contrast to) ...ni táishite ...࡞ᑊࡊ࡙; (contrary to) ...ni hán-shite ...࡞ཬࡊ࡙ 2. (running into) ... ni butsukatte ...࡞ࡩࡗ࠾ࡖ࡙ 3. (leaning on) ...ni motárete (no) ...࡞ࡵࡒࡿ࡙ ࡡ age 1. n toshí ࡛ࡊ࣬ᖳ࣬ṋ, nenrei ᖳ㱃; your ~ (o-)toshi ࠽ ᖳ, [BOOKISH] nenrei ᖳ㱃 2. n (era) jidai ᫤௥ 3. v (gets old) toshí o torimásu ᖳࢅཱིࡽࡱࡌ, fukemásu ⩹ࡄࡱࡌ agency n 1. dairi ௥⌦, dairí-ten ௥⌦ᗉ 2. (organization) kikán ᶭ㛭 aggression n shinryaku ౴␆ agile adj kibin (na) ᶭᨼ࡝ , binshø (na) ᨼᤡ࡝ , subayái ࡌࡣࡷ࠷࣬⣪᪡࠷



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alibi



agitation n 1. døyø ິ᥺ 2. køfun ⮾ዢ ago adv ...máe ni ...๑࡞; a little while ~ (tsui) sákki ࡗ࠷ ࡈࡖ ࡀ, (tsui) saki-hodo ࡗ࠷ ඙⛤ agony n kurushimi ⱖࡊࡲ, kutsü ⱖ⑚ agrarian adj nøgyø (no) ㎨ᴏࡡ , nømin (no) ㎨Ằࡡ agree v 1. (approves) sansei shimásu ㈮ᠺࡊࡱࡌ; (concurs) døi shimásu ྜྷណࡊࡱࡌ 2. (promises) yakusoku shimásu ⣑ ᮨࡊࡱࡌ 3. (accords with) ... ni kanaimásu ...࡞࠾࡝࠷ࡱࡌ, ... to itchi shimásu ...࡛ୌ⮬ࡊࡱࡌ; ~ with (in harmony) ... to chøwa shimásu ...࡛ㄢ࿰ࡊࡱࡌ agreement n 1. (promise) yakusoku ⣑ᮨ; (contract) keiyaku ዉ⣑; (treaty) jøyaku ᮪⣑ 2. (understanding) shøchi ᢆ▩; (consensus) itchi ୌ⮬, døi ྜྷណ, gø´i ྙណ agriculture n nø´gyø ㎨ᴏ ahead adv (o-)saki (ni) ࠽ ඙࡞ ; gets ~ susumimásu 㐅ࡲࡱࡌ aid → help AIDS n éizu ࢙࢕ࢫ, AIDS aikido n aikídø ྙẴ㐠 ailing adj byøki de ⑋Ẵ࡚, byøki ryøyøchü (no) ⑋Ẵ⒢㣬୯ࡡ aim n 1. nerai ≲࠷, méate ┘ᙔ࡙; kentø´ ずᙔ; (target) mato Ⓩ; takes ~ kentø´ o tsukemásu ずᙔ ࢅࡗࡄࡱࡌ 2. (goal) mokuteki ┘Ⓩ; (direction) høshin ᪁㔢 aimless adj mokuteki ga/no nái



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┘Ⓩ࠿ࡡ࡝࠷ air 1. n kü´ki ✭Ẵ 2. n (manner) furí ࡨࡽ; (appearance) fü´ 㢴 3. n (tune) fushí ⟿ 4. v ~s it (dry) hoshimásu ᖱࡊࡱࡌ air base n kügun kíchi ✭㌯ᇱᆀ air conditioner, air conditioning n kü´rå ࢠ࣭࣭ࣚ, eakon ࢙࢓ࢤࣤ, reibø (sø´chi) ෫ᡛ⿞⨠ aircraft n hikøki 㣍⾔ᶭ; aircraft carrier n køkü bokan ⯗✭ẍ⯼ airline n (company) køkü-gáisha ⯗✭ఌ♣ airplane n hikø´-ki 㣍⾔ᶭ airport n kükø ✭῿, hikøjø 㣍⾔ሔ airsick(ness) n hikø-yoi 㣍⾔㓁࠷ airy adj 1. kaze tøshi no yoi 㢴㏳ ࡊࡡࡻ࠷ 2. keikai (na) ㍅ᛄ࡝ 3. keihaku (na) ㍅⷟࡝ aisle n tsü´ro ㏳㊨ ajar adj 1. sukoshi hiráite ᑛࡊ㛜 ࠷࡙ 2. chøwa shinái (de) ㄢ࿰ ࡊ࡝࠷࡚ alarm n keihø (sø´chi) ㆑ሒ⿞⨠ alarm clock n aråmu ࢓࣭࣑ࣚ, mezamashi(-dókei) ┘つࡊ᫤゛ alas prep áa ࠵࠵, åá ࠵࣭࠵ album n (photograph) arubamu ࢓ࣜࣁ࣑; (stamp) kitte-chø วᡥᖋ alcoholic n arukøru chüdoku-sha ࢓ࣜࢤ࣭ࣜ୯Ẑ⩽ alert n (alarm) keihø ㆑ሒ, aråto ࢓࣭ࣚࢹ alias n gimei അྞ, betsumei ืྞ, tsüshø ㏳⛘ alibi n aribái ࢓ࣛࣁ࢕



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alien



alien n 1. yosó (no) ࡻࡐࡡ 2. (an alien) → foreigner 3. uchüjin Ꮻᏼெ, éirian ࢙࢕ࣛ࢓ࣤ alienate v sogai shimásu ␧አࡊ ࡱࡌ, tøzakemásu 㐪ࡉࡄࡱࡌ, sodéni shimásu ࡐ࡚࡞ࡊࡱࡌ align v seiretsu shimásu ᩒาࡊࡱ ࡌ, narabimásu ୩ࡦࡱࡌ alike adj onaji (yø´na) ྜྷࡋࡻ࠹ ࡝ , nitéiru జ࡙࠷ࡾ alimony n bekkyo téate ืᑽᡥᙔ, rikon téate 㞫፡ᡥᙔ alive adj 1. is ~ íkite imásu ⏍ࡀ ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ 2. keeps it ~ ikashimásu ⏍࠾ࡊࡱࡌ all pron 1. minna ࡲࢆ࡝࣬ⓑ, zen’in ධဤ; ~ (concerned/ present) ichidø ୌྜྷ 2. zénbu ධ㒂, súbete ධ࡙࣬ࡌ࡬࡙; (everything) íssái ୌว, arayúru ࠵ࡼࡹࡾ; not at ~ ࡜࠹࠷ࡒࡊࡱ ࡊ࡙ 3. (completely) sukkári ࡌ ࡖ࠾ࡽ; all along adv (from the beginning) móto kara ඔ࠾ࡼ; all kinds of adj samazama (na) ࡈࡱ ࡉࡱ࡝ ࣬ᵕࠍ࡝ , iroiro (na/ no) ࠷ࢀ࠷ࢀ࣬Ⰵࠍ࡝ࡡ , shúshu (no) ⛸ࠍࡡ ; all over adv ① (everywhere) høbø ࡮࠹࡯ ࠹࣬᪁ࠍ; ...-jü ...୯ ② (finished) → end; all of a sudden adv totsuzen (ni) ✲↓࡞ , fuini ୘ណ࡞, ikinari ࠷ࡀ࡝ࡽ; all the more adv issø ࠷ࡖࡐ࠹࣬ୌᒒ, nao-sara ࡝ ࠽ࡈࡼ࣬ᑠ᭞ allay v shizumemásu 㟴ࡴࡱࡌ, yawáragemásu ࿰ࡼࡅࡱࡌ



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allege v 1. shuchø shimásu ୹ᘿࡊ ࡱࡌ 2. møshitatemásu ⏞ࡊ❟ ࡙ࡱࡌ allergy n arérúgii ࢓࣭ࣝࣜ࢟ alleviate v 1. yawáragemásu ࿰ࡼ ࡅࡱࡌ 2. shizumemásu 㟴ࡴࡱ ࡌ 3. kanwa shimásu ⥾࿰ࡊࡱࡌ alley n róji ㊨ᆀ; (back street) urá ⿤, ura-dø´ri ⿤㏳ࡽ; (side street) yokochø ᶋ⏣>ᶋ୍@ alliance n rengø ㏻ྙ alligator n wáni ࣠ࢼ allocate v wariatemásu ๪ࡽᙔ ࡙ࡱࡌ, haibun shimásu 㒼ฦ ࡊࡱࡌ allot v kubarimásu 㒼ࡽࡱࡌ allotment n wariate ๪ࡽᙔ࡙; (share) buntan ฦᢰ allow v. 1. (permits) yurushimásu スࡊࡱࡌ 2. → give allowance n (o-)téate ࠽ ᡥᙔ; (grant) kyø´yo ౩୙ alloy n gøkin ྙ㔘 all right adj (OK) daijøbu (na) ኬ୓ኰ࡝ ; (permissible) íi ࠷࠷࣬Ⰳ࠷, yoroshii ࡻࢀࡊ࠷ allude v honomeka shimásu ࡮ࡡ ࡴ࠾ࡊࡱࡌ, anji shimásu ᬧ♟ ࡊࡱࡌ allure n miryoku 㨡ງ, miwaku 㨡ᝠ ally n dåmeikoku ྜྷ┍ᅗ almost adv hotóndo ࡮࡛ࢆ࡜࣬Ṝ ࡜; daitai ኬమ; almost all, almost all the time n hotóndo ࡮࡛ࢆ࡜࣬ Ṝ࡜ alms n hodokoshi (mono) ᪃ࡊࡵࡡ



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amenable



aloft adv, adj küchü ni/de ✭୯ ࡞࡚, takaitokoro ni/de 㧏࠷࡛ ࡆࢀ࡞࡚ alone adv hitóri (de) ୌெ>≺ࡽ@ ࡚࣬ࡥ࡛ࡽ࡚ ; (leave alone) let ~ hotte/høtte okimásu ᨲࡖ࡙ ࠽ࡀࡱࡌ along 1. prep, adv ...ni sotte ...࡞ Ἒࡖ࡙; (somewhere) ...no doko ka (de) ...ࡡ࡜ࡆ࠾࡚ 2. adv brings/takes ~ jisan shimásu ᣚཤ ࡊࡱࡌ; … o tsurete ikimásu … ࢅ㏻ࡿ࡙⾔ࡀࡱࡌ aloof adj takabisha (na) 㧏㣍㌬࡝ , otákaku tomatta ࠽㧏ࡂ࡛ࡱࡖࡒ aloud adv kóe o/ni dáshite ኇࢅ ࡞ฝࡊ࡙ alphabet (ABC) n arufabetto ࢓ࣜࣆ ࢒࣊ࢴࢹ, ë bii shíi ࢙࣭ࣄ࣭ࢨ࣭ Alps n arupusu ࢓ࣜࣈࢪ already adv mø´ࡵ࠹, súde-ni ࡌ࡚ ࡞࣬᪜࡞ also conj 1. ...mo ...ࡵ,, mátá ࡱࡒ 2. [INFORMAL] yappári ࡷࡖࡤࡽ, [BOOKISH] yahári ࡷࡢࡽ, altar n saidan ⚅ቨ alter v 1. (clothing) naoshimásu ├ࡊࡱࡌ 2. aratamemásu ᨭࡴ ࡱࡌ, kaemásu ን࠻ࡱࡌ alternate; v ~ (with) køtai shimásu ஹ௥>ஹ᭨@ࡊࡱࡌ alternative adj, n ... (no) hø´ (ga) ...ࡡ ᪁࠿ although conj ... no ni ...ࡡ࡞, ... daga ... ࡓ࠿, ... towaie ... ࡛ࡢ࠷࠻ altitude n kø´do 㧏ᗐ altogether adv 1. zénbu de ධ㒂࡚;



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minná de ࡲࢆ࡝࡚࣬ⓑ࡚ 2. (completely) mattakú ࡱࡖࡒࡂ࣬ ධࡂ alumni n sotsugyøsei ༛ᴏ⏍; alumni association n døsø-kai ྜྷ✾ఌ always adv ítsu-mo ࠷ࡗࡵ, (usually) fúdan ࡨࡓࢆ࣬ᬉṹ; as always n aikawarazu ┞ንࢂࡼࡍ am → is a.m. adv (morning) gozen ༔๑ amalgamate v 1. gappei shimásu ྙ ెࡊࡱࡌ, heigø shimásu ెྙࡊ ࡱࡌ 2. yügø shimásu ⼝ྙࡊࡱ ࡌ, mazemásu Ίࡏࡱࡌ amass v tamemásu ࡒࡴ>㈋ࡴ࣬ ‸ࡴ@ࡱࡌ amateur n amachua ࢓࣏ࢲࣖ࢓; (novice) shírø´to ࡊࢀ࠹࡛࣬⣪ெ amazement n odoroki ࠽࡜ࢀࡀ࣬ 㦣ࡀ, kyøtan 㦣Ⴟ ambassador n táishi ኬ౐ ambition n (hope) netsubø ⇍᭻, yashin 㔕ᚨ; (energetic spirit) háki ざẴ ambivalent adj kokoro ga fuántei (na) ᚨ࠿୘Ꮽᏽ࡝ , ánbibarensu (no) ࢓ࣤࣄࣁࣝࣤࢪࡡ , kattø-teki (na) ⴩⸠Ⓩ࡝ ambulance n kyükyü-sha ᨾ᛬㌬ ambush 1. n machibuse ᙽࡔఄࡎ, harikomi ᘿࡽ㎰ࡲ, fuiuchi ୘ណ ᡬࡔ, kishü køgeki ዃぇᨯᦹ 2. v machibuse shimásu ᙽࡔఄࡎ ࡊࡱࡌ, kishü køgeki o kakemásu ዃぇᨯᦹࢅ࠾ࡄࡱࡌ amenable adj jüjun (na) ᚉ㡨࡝ , sunao (na) ⣪├࡝



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amend



amend v shüsei shimásu ಞḿࡊࡱ ࡌ, kaisei shimásu ᨭḿࡊࡱࡌ amenity n 1. kokochiyosa ᚨᆀࡻ ࡈ, kaiteki-sa/sei ᛄ㐲ࡈᛮ 2. reigi ♡ൢ 3. benri na shisetsu ౼ฺ࡝᪃シ America n Amerika ࢓࣒ࣛ࢜, Beikoku ⡷ᅗ American n Ameriká-jin ࢓࣒ࣛ࢜ெ amiable adj shakø-teki (na) ♣ஹ Ⓩ࡝ , hitozukiai no yoi ெ௛ࡀ ྙ࠷ࡡࡻ࠷, hitoatari no yoi ெᙔ ࡒࡽࡡࡻ࠷ amiss adv machigatte 㛣㐢ࡖ࡙, futekitø ni ୘㐲ᙔ࡞ ammunition n 1. dan’yaku ᙆⷾ, buki Ṃჹ 2. køgeki shudan ᨯᦹ ᡥṹ, bøei shudan 㜭⾠ᡥṹ amnesia n kioku søshitsu エ᠀႕ ኶, kenbø-shø ೸ᚸ⑍ amnesty n onsha ᜘㉟ among prep ... no náka/uchí (ni) ... ࡡ୯හ࡞ amoral adj døtoku kannen no nai 㐠ᚠびᛍࡡ࡝࠷ amorous adj 1. iroppoi Ⰵࡖࡰ࠷, namámekashii ࡝ࡱࡴ࠾ࡊ࠷ 2. køshoku (na) ይⰅ࡝ amount 1. n (sum) gáku 㢘, kingaku 㔘㢘2. n (large and/or small) ~ tashø ኣᑛ 3. v ~ to (how much) (o-)ikura ni narimásu ࠽ ࠷ࡂࡼ ࡞࡝ࡽࡱࡌ ample adj 1. n hiroi ᗀ࠷, kødai na ᗀኬ࡝ 2. futotta ኯࡖࡒ 3. jübun (na) ࡋࡸ࠹ࡩࢆ࡝ ࣬༎ฦ࡝ → enough



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amuse v warawasemásu ➏ࢂࡎࡱ ࡌ, tanoshimasemásu ᴞࡊࡱࡎ ࡱࡌ amusement n 1. asobi 㐗ࡦ 2. nagusami ័ࡲ, goraku ፑᴞ; amusement park n 㐗ᅧᆀ amusing adj omoshirói ࠽ࡵࡊࢀ ࠷࣬㟻Ⓣ࠷; (funny) okashíi ࠽ ࠾ࡊ࠷, kokkei (na) ࡆࡖࡄ࠷࣬ ⁝✅࡝ an → a anal adj kømon no ⫘㛓ࡡ analogy n 1. tatoe ౚ࠻࣬ࡒ࡛࠻࣬ ႔࠻ 2. ruiji 㢦జ analysis n bunseki ฦᯊ ancestor n sósen ♵඙, sénzo ඙♵ anchor n ikari ࠷࠾ࡽ࣬㘄࣬◵; anchor man n nyüsu kyásutå ࢼࣖ ࣭ࢪ࢞ࣔࢪࢰ࣭ ancient adj mukashi no ᪿࡡ, kodai no ཿ௥ࡡ; ancient times kodai ཿ௥ and conj ... (including each item) ... to ...࡛; (choosing typical items) ...ya ...ࡷ; and also ... oyobi ...࠽ࡻࡦ࣬ཀྵࡦ; and now/then sá-te ࡈ࡙ࡐࡿ࠾ࡼ; and/or mátáwa ࡱࡒࡢ࣬ཧࡢ, ...ya ...ࡷ; and others ... -ra...ࡼ;... nádo ...࡝࡜࣬ ➴; sonó-hoka ࡐࡡ௙࣬ࡐࡡ࡮࠾, [BOOKISH] sonó-ta ࡐࡡ௙; and yet sore démo ࡐࡿ࡚ࡵ, shiká-mo ࡊ࠾ࡵ, sore náno ni ࡐࡿ࡝ࡡ࡞ anemia n hinketsu(-shø) ㈃⾉⑍ anesthetic n másui(-yaku/zai) 㯖㓁 ⷾ๠㸞 anew adv ataráshiku ᩺ࡊࡂ, aratá-



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antiquity



mete ᨭࡴ࡙, sára-ni ࡈࡼ࡞࣬᭞࡞ anonymous adj mumei (no) ↋ྞ angel n ténshi ኮ౐, enjeru ࢙ࣤࢩ ࡡ ࢘ࣜ another pron mø hitótsu ࡵ࠹ୌࡗ, anger n ikari ᛛࡽ mø ichi-... ࡵ࠹ୌ...; another person angle n 1. kákudo ぽᗐ, kakú ぽ mø hitóri ࡵ࠹ୌெ; another place 2. (viewpoint) kénchi ずᆀ yoso ࡻࡐ; another time (some angry; gets ~ okorimásu ᛛࡽࡱࡌ, other time) ítsu-ka ࠷ࡗ࠾, izure ࠷ࡍࡿ hará o tatemásu ⭙ࢅ❟࡙ࡱࡌ, answer 1. n (an ~) kotáé ➽࠻, atáma ni kimásu 㢄࡞ࡀࡱࡌ animal n døbutsu ິ∸, ikímono kaitø ゆ➽, (a reply) (o-)henji ⏍ࡀ∸ ࠽ ㏁஥, [BOOKISH] hentø ㏁➽ animation n 1. animé ࢓ࢼ࣒, 2. v (~s it) kotaemásu ➽࠻ࡱࡌ, animëshon ࢓ࢼ࣒࣭ࢨࣘࣤ, døga kaitø shimásu ゆ➽ࡊࡱࡌ ິ⏤ 2. kakki ὩẴ ant n ari ࢓ࣛ࣬⽝ ankle n ashí-kúbi ㊂㤫 antagonism n tekii ᩓណ, tairitsu annex n 1. (building) bekkan ื㤃 ᑊ❟, hánkan ཬវ, kikkø ᣍᢘ 2. (addition) tate-mashi ᘋ࡙ቌࡊ Antarctica n nánkyoku (tairiku) annihilation n zenmetsu ධ⁓ ༞ᴗኬ㝛 anniversary n (day) kinén-bi エᛍ᪝ antenna n antena ࢓ࣤࢷࢻ annotation n chü Ἰ antibiotic(s) n køsei bússhitsu ᢘᛮ announce v 1. (inform) shirase∸㈹ antic(s) n kokkei na shigusa ࡆࡖ másu ▩ࡼࡎࡱࡌ 2. (publish) ࡄ࠷࡝࣬⁝✅࡝ࡊࡃࡈ࣬௘ⲙ, happyø shimásu Ⓠ⾪ࡊࡱࡌ 3. (wedding, etc.) hírø shimásu odoketa shigusa ࠽࡜ࡄࡒࡊࡃࡈ ᢠ㟚ࡊࡱࡌ ࣬௘ⲙ, fuzaketa taido ࡨࡉࡄࡒ announcer n anaúnså ࢓ࢻࢗࣤࢦ࣭ ឺᗐ annoyance n (trouble) méiwaku anticipate v machimásu ᙽࡔࡱࡌ, ㏖ᝠ kitai shimásu ᭿ᙽࡊࡱࡌ; (preannoying adj urusái ࠹ࡾࡈ࠷, sume) yosø shimásu ஢᝷ࡊࡱࡌ yakamashíi ࡷ࠾ࡱࡊ࠷, méiwaku antidote n 1. gedókuzai ゆẐ๠, (na) ㏖ᝠ࡝ , wazurawashíi dok(u)-késhí Ẑᾐࡊ 2. bøei ࢂࡍࡼࢂࡊ࠷ shudan 㜭⾠ᡥṹ annual 1. adj ichinen (no) ୌᖳࡡ antipathy n hankan ཬវ, ken’o 2. n nenkan ᖳษ, nenpø ᖳሒ ᎒ᝇ, fuítchi ୘ୌ⮬, tairitsu ᑊ❟ annuity n nenkin ᖳ㔘 antique n jidai-mono ᫤௥∸; annul v haishi shimásu ᗣḾࡊࡱࡌ, (curio) kottø-hin 㦭⴯ဗ mukø ni shimásu ↋ຝ࡞ࡊࡱࡌ antiquity n ømukashi ኬᪿ 345



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antiseptic



antiseptic n bøfu-zai 㜭⭁๠ antler n edazunó ᯖぽ, tsunó ぽ antonym n hantai-go ཬᑊㄊ anus n kømon ⫘㛓 anxiety n ki-zúkái Ẵ㐭࠷, shinpai ᚨ㒼 → worry anxious adj gets ~ harahara shimásu ࡢࡼࡢࡼࡊࡱࡌ any adj ... ka ...࠾, ... mo ...ࡵ (but often omitted) → anything anybody pron hito ெ, dáre ka ㄙ ࠾; (not anyody) dare mo ㄙࡵ; anybody (at all) dare de mo ㄙ࡚ࡵ anyhow adv 1. (nevertheless) tónikaku ࡛࡞࠾ࡂ; (anyway) tómokaku ࡛ࡵ࠾ࡂ, nanibun ࡝࡞ࡩࢆ, nánishiro ࡝࡞ࡊࢀ 2. (at all) dø de mo ࡜࠹࡚ࡵ anyone → anybody anyplace → anywhere anything pron 1. (something) náni ka ర࠾ (but often omitted); (not anything) nani mo రࡵ 2. (at all) nan de mo ర࡚ࡵ any time adv itsu de mo ࠷ࡗ࡚ࡵ anyway adv → anyhow anywhere adv (somewhere) dóko ka (…) ࡜ࡆ࠾... ; ~ (at all) doko de mo ࡜ࡆ࡚ࡵ; not ~ → nowhere apart; adv lives ~ bekkyo shimásu ืᑽࡊࡱࡌ; takes it ~ barashimásu ࡣࡼࡊࡱࡌ apartment (house) n apåto ࢓ࣂ࣭ ࢹ, (luxury) mánshon ࣏ࣤࢨ ࣘࣤ; apartment complex n danchi ᅆᆀ



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apathetic adj mukándø (no) ↋វ ິࡡ , mukánjø (no) ↋វ᝗ ࡡ , mukánshin (no) ↋㛭ᚨࡡ apathy n mukándø ↋វິ, mukánjø ↋វ᝗, mukánshin ↋㛭ᚨ ape n 1. sáru ࢦࣜ࣬⊯ 2. noróma na hito ࡡࢀࡱ࡝ெ apiece adv (onóono/sorezore) ...zútsu ࠽ࡡ࠽ࡡࡐࡿࡑࡿ ...ࡍࡗ apologize v owabishimásu ࠽ࢂࡦ >࠽ャࡦ@ࡊࡱࡌ, ayamarimásu ㅨࡽࡱࡌ apology n (o-)wabi ࠽ ࢂࡦ࣬࠽ ャࡦ, ayamári ㅨࡽ appall v zotto shimásu ࡑࡖ࡛ࡊࡱ ࡌ, gakuzen to shimásu ࠿ࡂࡏ ࢆ࣬ប↓࡛ࡊࡱࡌ apparatus n sø´chi ⿞⨠; kígu ჹර apparel n (i)fuku ⾨ ᭱; apparel industry n apareru gyøkai ࢓ࣂࣝ ࣜᴏ⏲ apparent(ly) adv ... rashíi ...ࡼࡊ࠷ apparition n 1. yürei ᖻ㟃, børei ஷ 㟃 2. shutsu-gen ฝ⌟ appeal v (appeal to one) pin to kimásu ࡧࢆ࡛ࡀࡱࡌ, ki ni irimásu Ẵ࡞ථࡽࡱࡌ appear v 1. (looks, seems) miemásu ず࠻ࡱࡌ 2. (shows up) demásu ฝࡱࡌ, arawaremásu ⌟ ࡿࡱࡌ; (occurs) hassei shimásu Ⓠ⏍ࡊࡱࡌ; ~ on stage bútai ni demásu ⯑ྋ࡞ฝࡱࡌ, tøjø shimásu Ⓡሔࡊࡱࡌ appearance n 1. yøsu ᵕᏄ࣬ࡻ࠹ ࡌ, ...sama ...ᵕ 2. gaiken አず



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approximate



(outer appearances) uwabe ࠹ࢂ másu ⏞ࡊ㎰ࡲࡱࡌ; (claims) ࡬࣬୕㎮, omoté ⾪ 3. (get-up, møshi-demásu ⏞ࡊฝࡱࡌ form) teisai మ⿚; (shape) kakkø appoint v (nominates) mei-jimásu ࠾ࡖࡆ࠹࣬᰹ይ࣬᜞ይ ࿤ࡋࡱࡌ; (designates) shitei appease v nadámemásu ࡝ࡓࡴࡱ shimásu ᣞᏽࡊࡱࡌ ࡌ, yawaragemásu ࿰ࡼࡅࡱࡌ, appointment n yakusoku ⣑ᮨ; (to iyashimásu ࠷ࡷࡊ࣬⒭ࡊࡱࡌ see doctor, ...) yoyaku ஢⣑ append v fuka shimásu ௛ຊࡊࡱࡌ, apportion v ... o wariatemásu ... ࢅ๪ࡽᙔ࡙ࡱࡌ, ... o bunpai tsuketashimásu ௛ࡄ㊂ࡊࡱࡌ, soemásu ῟࠻ࡱࡌ shimásu ... ࢅฦ㒼ࡊࡱࡌ appendicitis n møchø-en ┛⭘ⅎ, appraise v hyøka shimásu ビ౮ࡊ ࡱࡌ, kantei shimásu 㚯ᏽࡊࡱࡌ chüsui-en ⹰ᆱⅎ appetite n shokuyoku 㣏ḟ appreciation n kánsha វㅨ, hyøka appetizers n zensai ๑⳧ ビ౮ appetizing adj oishisø (na) ࠽࠷ࡊ apprehend v 1. ríkai shimásu ⌦ゆ ࡐ࠹࡝ ࡊࡱࡌ, sasshimásu ᐳࡊࡱࡌ 2. applaud v hákushu shimásu ᢷᡥ tsukamaemásu ᤍࡱ࠻ࡱࡌ, taiho ࡊࡱࡌ, hákushu o okurimásu ᢷ shimásu 㐂ᤍࡊࡱࡌ apprehensive adj kimí ga warúi Ẵ ᡥࢅ㏞ࡽࡱࡌ apple n ringo ࡽࢆࡇ࣬ࣛࣤࢥ ࿝࠿ᝇ࠷ appliances n (katei) yø´gu ᐓᗖ apprentice n deshí ᘭᏄ ⏕ර, katei yø´hin ᐓᗖ⏕ဗ approach v (...ni) chika-zukimásu applicant n møshikomí-sha ⏞ࡊ㎰ ...࡞ ㎾௛ࡀࡱࡌ, yorimásu ᐞ ࡲ⩽, kibø-sha ᕵ᭻⩽ ࡽࡱࡌ; sekkin shimásu ᥃㎾ࡊ application n 1. (for a job, etc.) ࡱࡌ appropriate 1. adj (suitable) tekimøshi-komi ⏞ࡊ㎰ࡲ, gánsho 㢢᭡; (claim) møshi-de ⏞ࡊฝ; setsu (na) 㐲ว࡝ , tekitø (na) (for a permit) shinsei-sho ⏞ㄫ᭡ 㐲ᙔ࡝ 2. v (sets aside (for)) 2. (putting to use) øyø ᚺ⏕, atemásu ᙔ࡙ࡱࡌ 3. v → seize approval n døi ྜྷណ jitsuyø ᐁ⏕; (for computer) approve v sansei shimásu ㈮ᠺࡊ sofutowea ࢮࣆࢹࢗ࢘࢓ apply v 1. (it applies) atarimásu ࡱࡌ ᙔࡒࡽࡱࡌ; (accordingly) jun- approximate 1. adj daitai (no) ኬ మࡡ , gaisan (no) ᴣ⟤ࡡ , jimásu ‵ࡋࡱࡌ 2. (applies it) atemásu ᙔ࡙ࡱࡌ, tsukemásu chikái ㎾࠷ 2. v chikazukimásu ௛ࡄࡱࡌ; øyø shimásu ᚺ⏕ࡊࡱ ㎾ࡘࡀࡱࡌ, chikazukemásu ㎾ ࡌ 3. (applies for) møshi-komi- ࡘࡄࡱࡌ 347



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approximately adv daitai ኬమ; yáku ... ⣑...; ... gúrai ...న; ...-zéngo ...๑ᚃ; ... -kéntø ...ずᙔ; ...-náigai (de) ...හአ࡚ April n Shi-gatsú ᄿ᭮࣬4 ᭮ apt; adj ~ to (do) (shi-)yasúi ࡊ ࡷࡌ࠷࣬᪾࠷; tokaku (...shimásu) ࡛࠾ࡂ...ࡊࡱࡌ ; ete-shite (... shimásu) ᚋ࡙ࡊ࡙ࡊࡱࡌ aptitude n keikø ലྡྷ, sáinø ᡧ⬗, rikairyoku ⌦ゆງ aquarium n suizóku-kan Ề᪐㤃 Arab, Arabian n, adj Árabu (no) ࢓ࣚࣇࡡ , (person) Arabú-jin (no) ࢓ࣚࣇெࡡ arbitrary adj nin-i (no) ௴ណࡡ, dokudan-teki (na) ≺᩷Ⓩ࡝ , kimáma (na) Ẵࡱࡱ࡝ arc n (en)ko ළ ᘴ arch n yumi-gata ᘢᙟ, åchi(-gata) ࢓࣭ࢲᙟ archaeologist n køko gákusha ⩻ཿ Ꮥ⩽ archaic adj sutáreta ᗣࡿࡒ archery n (the traditional art) kyüdø ᘢ㐠, kyüjutsu ᘢ⾙ archipelago n rettø าᓞ architecture n kenchiku ᘋ⠇ Arctic n Hokkyoku ໪ᴗ ardent adj nesshin (na) ⇍ᚨ࡝ , netsuretsu(teki) (na) ⇍ⅧⓏ ࡝ ardor n netsui ⇍ណ, jønetsu ᝗⇍, nesshin ⇍ᚨ, ikigomi ណẴ㎰ࡲ arduous adj kónnan (na) ᅏ㞬࡝ arid adj kánsø shita/shiteiru ஜ⇩ ࡊࡒࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ, fumø no/na ୘ẗ ࡡ࡞



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are → is area n 1. ménseki 㟻✒ 2. (district) chihø ᆀ᪁, chiiki ᆀᇡ, eria ࢙ࣛ ࢓, chitai ᆀᖈ → place → vicinity argue v kenka shimásu ࡄࢆ࠾>႒ ბ@ࡊࡱࡌ; (discusses, debates) ron-jimásu ㄵࡋࡱࡌ argument n 1. kenka ࡄࢆ࠾࣬႒ ბ, kuchi-génka ཾࡅࢆ࠾࣬ཾ႒ ბ 2. (discussion) rón ㄵ, ronsø ㄵண 3. (logic) rikutsu ⌦ᑿ arise v okimásu ㉫ࡀࡱࡌ; (happens) shø-jimásu ⏍ࡋࡱࡌ arm n udé ⭆ armor n yoroi ࡻࢀ࠷࣬㙒 armpit n waki nó shita ⬾ࡡୖ࣬ ࢂࡀࡡୖ arms n heiki ඹჹ, buki Ṃჹ army n gúntai ㌯㝪; (vs. navy) rikú-gun 㝛㌯ aroma n ároma ࢓࣏ࣞ, (yoi) kaori ࡻ࠷ 㤮ࡽ, høkø ⰶ㤮 around 1. adv (... no) mawari ni ...ࡡ ࿔ࡽ࡞; goes ~ (... o) mawarimásu ...ࢅ ᅂࡽࡱࡌ 2. → about, approximately arouse v shigeki shimásu ๆ⃥ࡊ ࡱࡌ, køfun shimásu ⮾ዢࡊࡱࡌ arrange v 1. (lines them up) narabemásu ୩࡬ࡱࡌ; ~ themselves narabimásu ୩ࡦࡱࡌ 2. (decides, sets) kimemásu Ửࡴࡱࡌ, (a



meeting/consultation) uchi-awasemásu ᡬࡔྙࢂࡎࡱࡌ arranged v 1. gets ~ (is put together) matomarimásu ࡱ࡛ࡱࡽࡱࡌ, (as a set/array) soroimásu ᥖ࠷ 348



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ask



ࡱࡌ; (gets decided/set) kimarimásu Ửࡱࡽࡱࡌ 2. it has been ~ that ... kotó ni natte (i)másu ...ࡆ࡛࡞࡝ࡖ࡙࠷ ࡱࡌ arrangement n 1. (settlement) kimari Ửࡱࡽ; (adjustment) séiri ᩒ⌦ 2. arrangements (preparations) júnbi ‵ങ, shitaku ᨥᗐ࣬௘ᗐ; (plans) téhazu ᡥࡢࡍ࣬ᡥ➳; flower arrangement n ikébana array n soróé ᥖ࠻ arrears n tainø(kin) ⁣⣙㔘 arrest v toraemásu ᤍ࠻ࡱࡌ, tsukamaemásu ᤍࡱ࠻ࡱࡌ, táiho shimásu 㐂ᤍࡊࡱࡌ arrive (at) v 1. (... ni) tsukimásu ...࡞ ╌ࡀࡱࡌ, tøchaku shimásu ฽╌ࡊࡱࡌ, itarimásu ⮫ࡽࡱࡌ 2. (is delivered) todokimásu ᒀ ࡀࡱࡌ arrogant adj gøman (na) ഩះ࡝ arrow n yá ▦; (sign) ya-jírushi ▦༰ art n bíjutsu ⨶⾙, geijutsu ⰹ⾙ artery n 1. dømyaku ິ⬞ 2. kansen døro ᖷ⥲㐠㊨ artful adj kømyø (na) ᕟዼ࡝ , køkatsu (na) ≶⊮࡝ arthritis n kansetsu-en 㛭⟿ⅎ article n (thing) monó ∸, (goods) shina(-mono) ဗ∸ ; (writeup) kíji エ஥; ronbun ㄵᩝ articulate 1. adj hakkírishita ࡢࡖ ࡀࡽࡊࡒ, meikai (na) ᪺ᛄ࡝ 2. v hakkíri iimásu ࡢࡖࡀࡽゕ ࠷ࡱࡌ artificial adj jinkø (no) ெᕝࡡ ,



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jinkø-teki (na) ெᕝⓏ࡝ artillery n taihø ኬ◑, buki Ṃჹ artisan n shokunin ⫃ெ artist n geijutsu-ka ⰹ⾙ᐓ; (painter) gaka ⏤ᐓ as conj 1. (like) ... (no) yø´ (ni) ... ࡡ ࡻ࠹࡞ 2. (so as to be) ...ni..࡞ 3. (in the role of) ... to shite ... ࡛ࡊ࡙; as far as ... is concerned ... ni kákete wa ... ࡞࠾ ࡄ࡙ࡢ; …ni kan-shite wa… ࡞ 㛭ࡊ࡙ࡢ; as for ... wa ...ࡢ; as much as ... gúrai ...న; ...hodo ...⛤࣬࡮࡜; as much as possible dekiru-dake ฝᮮࡾࡓࡄ࡚࣬ࡀࡾ ࡓࡄ; as regards ... ni kákete wa ...࡞࠾ࡄ࡙ࡢ; ... ni kánshite ...࡞㛭ࡊ࡙; ni tsúite …࡞ࡗ࠷ ࡙ࡢ Asakusa n Asakusa ὰⲙ ascent n jøshø ୕᪴, agáru koto ୕࠿ࡾࡆ࡛ ascertain v tashikamemásu ☔࠾ࡴ ࡱࡌ ashamed adj hazukashíi ᜕ࡍ࠾ࡊ ࠷; (guilty feeling) yamashíi ࡷ ࡱࡊ࠷; is ~ of hajimásu ᜕ࡱࡌ ash(es) n hai ⅂ ashore adv kishi (ni) (mukatte) ᓃ࡞ ྡྷ࠾ࡖ࡙ , riku (ni) (mukatte) 㝛࡞ ྡྷ࠾ࡖ࡙ ashtray n hai-zara ⅂⓸ Asian 1. adj Ajia (no) ࢓ࢩ࢓ࡡ 2. n (person) Ajiá-jin ࢓ࢩ࢓ெ ask v 1. (a favor of a person) (... ni ...o) tanomimásu ...࡞ ...ࢅ 㢏ࡲࡱࡌ, negaimásu 㢢࠷



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aslant



ࡱࡌ → consent assert v shuchø shimásu ୹ᘿࡊ ࡱࡌ assimilate v døka shimásu ྜྷ໩ ࡊࡱࡌ; kyüshü shimásu ྺ཭ ࡊࡱࡌ assist v øen shimásu ᚺᥴࡊࡱࡌ; tasukemásu ຐࡄࡱࡌ → help assistance n (o-)séwa ࠽ ୠヨ; (o-)tétsudai ࠽ ᡥఎ࠷; hójo ⿭ ຐ; øen ᚺᥴ assistant n joshu ຐᡥ, ashísutanto ࢓ࢨࢪࢰࣤࢹ associate with ...to tsuki-aimásu ...࡛௛ࡀྙ࠷ࡱࡌ; ...to majiwarimásu ...࡛ஹࢂࡽࡱࡌ association n 1. kyøkai ༝ఌ; (academic) gakkai Ꮥఌ; (guild, union) kumiai ⤄ྙ 2. (social company) (o)-tsukíai ࠽ ௛ࡀྙ࠷ assortment n kumi-awase ⤄ࡲྙ ࢂࡎ, tori-awase ཱིࡽྙࢂࡎ asterisk n hoshi-jírushi ᫅༰; asutarisuku ࢓ࢪࢰࣛࢪࢠ asthma n zensoku ႉ᜝ astonished; adj gets ~ odorokimásu 㦣ࡀࡱࡌ astringent adj shibúi Ῠ࠷ astronomy n tenmón-gaku ኮᩝᏕ asylum n hinán-jo 㑂㞬ᡜ, seishin (fits parts together to make a whole) kumi-awasemásu ⤄ࡲ byøin ⢥♼⑋㝌 ྙࡎࡱࡌ, kumi-tatemásu ⤄ࡲ at prep ... de...࡚; (being located ❟࡙ࡱࡌ at) ... ni ...࡞; at any rate tómokaku assembly n 1. (gathering) shügø ࡛ࡵ࠾ࡂ; at best séizei ࡎ࠷ࡏ࠷; 㞗ྙ 2. (parliament) kokkai at last iyoiyo ࠷ࡻ࠷ࡻ, yøyaku ᅗఌ ࡻ࠹ࡷࡂ, tsúi-ni ࡗ࠷࡞; (after assent v nattoku shimásu ⣙ᚋࡊ difficulty) yatto ࡷࡖ࡛; at least ࡱࡌ; (requires) motomemásu ịࡴࡱࡌ 2. (~ a person a question) (... ni) kikimásu ...࡞ ⪲ࡀࡱࡌ, tazunemásu ᑖࡠࡱࡌ, ukagaimásu చ࠷ࡱࡌ aslant adv, adj nanáme (no/ni) ᩫࡴࡡ࡞ asleep adv, adj nemutte (iru) ┸ࡖ ࡙࠷ࡾ aspect n 1. yøsu ᵕᏄ 2. (grammatical) ásupékuto ࢓ࢪ࣋ࢠࢹ, (soku/kyoku) men ഁᑻ 㟻 asphyxiate v chissoku shimásu ✽ ᜝ࡊࡱࡌ aspiration n ganbø 㢢᭻, yashin 㔕ᚨ, akogare ៷ࡿ aspire → hope aspirin n asupirin ࢓ࢪࣅࣛࣤ ass 1. n róba ࢀࡣ࣬ࣞࣁ 2. n gankomono 㡱ᅖ⩽ báka ࡣ࠾ 3. n (o-)shíri ࠽ ࡊࡽ࣬࠽ ᑶ assail v køgeki shimásu ᨯᦹࡊࡱ ࡌ, hínan shimásu 㟸㞬ࡊࡱࡌ assault v osóimásu ぇ࠷ࡱࡌ → attack assemble v 1. (they collect) atsumarimásu 㞗ࡱࡽࡱࡌ, shügø shimásu 㞗ྙࡊࡱࡌ; (collects them) atsumemásu 㞗ࡴࡱࡌ 2.



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sukúnáku-tomo ᑛ࡝ࡂ࡛ࡵ, sémete ࡎࡴ࡙ athlete n (undø) sénshu 㐘ິ 㐽ᡥ athletics n undø 㐘ິ, supø´tsu ࢪ࣭࣎ࢵ; (physical education) tai(i)ku మ⫩࣬ࡒ࠷ࡂ Atlantic Ocean n Taiséiyø ኬけὊ atmosphere n fun’íki 㞲ᅑẴ atom n génshi ཋᏄ atomic adj genshí (-ryoku) ཋᏄງ ࡡ ; atomic energy n genshíryoku ཋᏄງ atrocious adj (brutal) zangyaku (na) ṟ⹚࡝ attach 1. v (sticks on) tsukemásu ௛ࡄࡱࡌ 2. (adds) soemásu ῟ ࠻ࡱࡌ; attached file n tenpu fáiru ῟௛ࣆ࢒࢕ࣜ attachment n fuzoku ௛ᒌ࣬㜻ᒌ, fuzoku-hin ௛ᒌဗ࣬㜻ᒌဗ attack 1. n (an ~) køgeki ᨯᦹ, shügeki ぇᦹ 2. v (makes an ~) osóimásu ぇ࠷ࡱࡌ; sememásu ᨯࡴࡱࡌ attain → reach → accomplish attempt 1. n tameshí ムࡊ, kokoromi ムࡲ; (plot, scheme) kuwadate ௺࡙ 2. v (~s it) tameshimásu ムࡊࡱࡌ, kokoromimásu ムࡲࡱࡌ; kuwadatemásu ௺࡙ ࡱࡌ attend v demásu ฝࡱࡌ; shusseki shimásu ฝᖆࡊࡱࡌ attendance n shusseki ฝᖆ; office attendance n shukkin ฝໂ attendant n (in charge) kákari ౿,



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kakarí-in ౿ဤ, ... -gákari ...౿ attention n 1. chü´i Ἰណ, chümoku Ἰ┘ 2. omoiyari ᛦ࠷ࡷࡽ attitude n táido ឺᗐ, shisei ጶເ attorney n bengóshi ᘒ㆜ኃ attract v hikimásu ᘤࡀࡱࡌ; (charming) miryoku ga arimásu 㨡ງ࠿࠵ࡽࡱࡌ attraction n atorakushon ࢓ࢹࣚࢠ ࢨࣘࣤ attractive adj (nice-looking) kírei (na) ࡀࡿ࠷࣬⥙㮿࡝ ; (charming) miryoku-teki (na) 㨡ງⓏ࡝ auction n serí ❿ࡽ࣬ࢬࣛ, kyøbai ❿኉, økushon ࢛࣭ࢠࢨࣘࣤ audience n chøshü ⫀⾏, kankyaku びᐂ audio n, adj onsei (no) 㡚ኇࡡ , ødio ࢛࣭ࢸ࢔࢛ audition n ødishon ࢛࣭ࢸ࢔ࢨࣘࣤ, shínsa ᐼᰕ auditorium n kaidø ఌᇸ, kødø ㅦᇸ aunt n (father’s or mather’s elder sister) obá(-san) ఐẍࡈࢆ ;



(father’s or mather’s younger sister) obá(-san) ཱẍࡈࢆ ; (in general) obá(-san) ࠽ࡣࡈࢆ auspicious adj (o-)medetái ࠽ ࡴ ࡚ࡒ࠷࣬࠽ ┘ฝᗐ࠷ Australia n øsutorária ࢛࣭ࢪࢹࣚ ࣛ࢓ authentic adj kakujitsu (na) ☔ᐁ ࡝ , honmono (nó) ᮇ∸ࡡ , shøshinshømei (no) ḿ┷ḿ㖥ࡡ author n chó-sha ⴥ⩽, sáku-sha ష⩽→ writer



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authority n 1. (expert) táika ኬᐓ, tsü´ ㏳ 2. (power) ken’i ᶊጸ 3. (basis) kónkyo ᰷ᣈ; the authorities tøkyoku ᙔᑻ, okámi ࠽୕ automatic adj jidø-teki (na) ⮤ິⓏ ࡝ automation n øtomëshon ࢛࣭ࢹ࣒ ࣭ࢨࣘࣤ, jidø (ka) ⮤ິ໩ automobile n jidø-sha ⮤ິ㌬, kuruma ㌬ autumn n áki ⚽; autumn period/term shü´ki ⚽᭿ autumnal equinox n shübun ⚽ฦ; Autumnal Equinox Day Shübun-no-hí ⚽ฦࡡ᪝ available adj (things) riyø dekiru ฺ⏕࡚ࡀࡾ, (person) áiteiru ✭࠷ ࡙࠷ࡾ; seats are ~ suwaremásu ᗑࡿࡱࡌ avalanche n nadare ࡝ࡓࡿ࣬㞯ᓻ; (snowslide) yuki-nádare 㞯࡝ࡓࡿ avenue n tørí ㏳ࡽ, ødø´ri ኬ㏳ࡽ, kaidø ⾜㐠; michi 㐠 average 1. n (on the ~) heikin ᖲ ᆍ; average age heikin nenrei ᖲᆍ ᖳ௦ (life span, lifetime) heikin jumyø ᖲᆍᑋ࿤ 2. adj (ordinary) nami (no) ୩ࡡ , heibon (na) ᖲฉ࡝



avert v 1. sakemásu 㑂ࡄࡱࡌ 2. me o sorashimásu ┘ࢅࡐࡼࡊ ࡱࡌ aviation n køkü (ki) ⯗✭ᶭ avoid v sakemásu ࡈࡄࡱࡌ࣬㑂 ࡄࡱࡌ, yokemásu ࡻࡄࡱࡌ࣬ 㑂ࡄࡱࡌ awake v (comes ~) mezamemásu, ┘つࡴࡱࡌ; is ~ (not asleep) nemurimasén ┸ࡽࡱࡎࢆ award 1. n shø ㈱ 2. v (gives) (shø o) júyo shimásu ㈱ࢅ ᤭୙ࡊࡱ ࡌ; okurimásu ㉏ࡽࡱࡌ away adj tøku (ni) 㐪ࡂ࡞ ; away from home rúsu (no) ⏻Ꮼࡡ ; right away súgu ࡌࡃ awesome adj (mono)sugói ࡵࡡ ࡌࡇ࠷࣬∸ ෴࠷, subárashíi ࡌࡣࡼࡊ࠷࣬⣪ᬍࡼࡊ࠷ awful adj osoroshíi ᜅࢀࡊ࠷, hidói ࡥ࡜࠷ awkward adj mazúi ࡱࡍ࠷, gikochinai ࡁࡆࡔ࡝࠷, buzama (na) ࡩࡉࡱ࡝ awning n hi-øí ᪝さ࠷, hiyoke ᪝ ࡻࡄ, tenmaku ኮᖞ ax n ono ࠽ࡡ࢛࣬ࢿ࣬ᩴ axis, axle n jikú ㍀



B babble n o-shaberi ࠽ࡊࡶ࡬ࡽ baby n áka-chan ㉝ࡔࡶࢆ, akanbo ㉝ࢆᆎ࣬㉝ࢆ࡯ babysitter n bebii shittå ࣊ࣄ࣭ࢨࢴࢰ࣭,



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(professional) komóri ᏄᏬ bachelor n dokushin dansei ≺㌗ ⏠ᛮ, hitori mónó ࡥ࡛ࡽ⩽࣬ ≺ࡽ⩽ 352



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bag



back 1. adv (behind) ... no ushiro backside n 1. ushiro ᚃࢀ, [BOOKISH] (de/ni) ... ࡡᚃࢀ࡚࡞ 2. n (of køhø ᚃ᪁ 2. (buttock) shiri ᑶ body) senaka ⫴୯, (lower part) o-shiri ࠽ᑶ backstage adj, adv butai ura (no/ koshi ⭔ Ѝ support back; go ~ modorimásu ᡘࡽࡱࡌ; de) ⯑ྋ⿤ࡡ࡚ , gakuya (no/ (to one’s usual place) kaerimásu de) ᴞᒁࡡ࡚ ᖉࡽࡱࡌ backstroke n seoyogi ⫴ὃࡁ backdate v hizuke o sakanobora- backup n 1. (computer) bákku semásu ᪝௛ࢅࡈ࠾ࡡ࡯ࡼࡎࡱࡌ appu ࣁࢴࢠ࢓ࢴࣈ 2. yobi ஢ങ, back down v 1. (retreats) køtai hikae ᥅࠻ backwards adv (contrariwise) shimásu ᚃ㏝ࡊࡱࡌ 2. (withdraws) hiki sagarimásu ᘤࡀୖ gyaku (ni) ㏣࡞ ; move ~ bákku ࠿ࡽࡱࡌ shimásu ࣁࢴࢠࡊࡱࡌ, ushiro e/ backfire n ura-me ni demásu ⿤┘ ni sagarimásu ᚃࢀ࡞ୖ࠿ࡽࡱࡌ ࡞ฝࡱࡌ backwater n 1. (stagnant place) background n 1. haikei ⫴ᬊ, bákku teitai chi ೳ⁣ᆀ 2. (stagnant ࣁࢴࢠ 2. (one’s origin, educastate) teitai ೳ⁣ 3. (held water) tion, etc.) keireki ⤊Ṍ 3. (circum- yodonda mizu ࡻ࡜ࢆࡓỀ stances of the event, information) backyard n ura-niwa ⿤ᗖ bacon n bë´kon ࣭࣊ࢤࣤ yobi chishiki ஢ങ▩ㆉ, bákku gura(u)ndo ࣁࢴࢠࢡࣚࢗ ࣤࢺ bacteria n bakuteria ࣁࢠࢷࣛ࢓, backhanded adj 1. (sports) bakku saikin ⣵Ⳟ bad adj 1. warúi ᝇ࠷, damé (na) hando (no) ࣁࢴࢠࣀࣤࢺࡡ 2. (ambiguous meaning) aimai ࡓࡴ࣬㥇┘࡝ ; furyø (na) ୘ Ⰳ࡝ ; (inept) hetá (na) ࡫ࡒ࣬ (na) ࠵࠷ࡱ࠷࡝ ࣬᭍ᫍ࡝ 3. (roundabout, indirect) ୖᡥ࡝ 2. fu- ୘ ࠤ; bad guy mawarikudoi ᅂࡽࡂ࡜࠷ furyø ୘Ⰳ, warumono ᝇ⩽, bad backlash n handø ཬິ, hanpatsu temper n tanki ▯Ẵ ཬⓆ bad; goes ~ (rots, sours) kusaribacklog n 1. (reserve) bichiku másu ⭁ࡽࡱࡌ; too ~ (regretങ⵫ 2. (stock) zaiko ᅹᗔ 3. table) zannen (na) ṟᛍ࡝ badge n bajji ࣁࢴࢩ (work) yarinokoshi no shigoto ࡷࡽṟࡊࡡ௘஥ badger n anaguma ࢓ࢻࢡ࣏࣬ back-order n toriyose chümon ✨↻ ཱིࡽᐞࡎἸᩝ badminton n badominton ࣁࢺ࣐ࣤ backpack n ryukku-sakku ࣛࣖࢴ ࢹࣤ ࢠࢦࢴࢠ bag n 1. fukuró ⾼; (paper) kami-



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baggage



búkuro ⣤⾼ 2. → suitcase 3. → handbag; purse baggage n o-)ní-motsu ࠽ Ⲭ∸ baggy adj dabudabu (no) ࡓࡩࡓࡩ ࡡ bailiff n teiri ᘈྠ࡙࣬࠷ࡽ bait n esa ࠻ࡈ࣬㣭 bake v 1. yakimásu ↕ࡀࡱࡌ 2. gets baked yakemásu ↕ࡄࡱࡌ baker, bakery, bakeshop n pán-ya ࣂࣤᒁ, bëkarii ࣭࣭࣊࢜ࣛ balance n 1. (equilibrium) tsuriai 㔦ࡽྙ࠷, baransu ࣁࣚࣤࢪ 2. (remaining money) zandaka ṟ㧏 balcony n barukonii ࣁࣜࢤࢼ࣭ bald 1. adj hágeta ... ࡢࡅࡒ>⚴ࡅ ࡒ@... 2. v (gets ~) hagemásu ࡢ ࡅࡱࡌ࣬⚴ࡅࡱࡌ; (is ~) hágete imásu ࡢࡅ࡙>⚴ࡅ࡙@࠷ࡱࡌ bale n tawará ಣ ball n 1. tamá ⋚; (traditional Japanese handball) mari ࡱࡽ࣬㠥, temari ࡙ࡱࡽ࣬ᡥ㠥 2. (sports) bø´ru ࣭࣍ࣜ; basket ~ basuketto børu ࣁࢪࢢࢴࢹ࣭࣍ࣜ 3. kyü ⌣; ball park n yakyü-jø 㔕⌣ሔ, kyüjø ⌣ሔ ballad n (Japanese traditional music) min’yø Ằㅬ ballerina n (female ballet dancer) bareriina ࣁ࣭ࣝࣛࢻ ballet n bárë ࣁ࢙ࣝ; ballet dancer n barë danså ࣁ࢙ࣝࢱࣤࢦ࣭, (female dancer) bareriina ࣁࣝ ࣭ࣛࢻ balloon n 1. füsen 㢴⯢ 2. (hot-



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air ~) (netsu)kikyü ⇍ Ẵ⌣ 3. (toy ~) füsen-dama 㢴⯢⋚ 4. (water ~) mizu-füsen Ề㢴⯢ ballot n tøhyø ᢖ⚂; ballot paper n tøhyø yøshi ᢖ⚂⏕⣤ ballpoint pen n børu-pen ࣭࣍ࣜ ࣋ࣤ balm n køyu 㤮ἔ bamboo n take ➁; bamboo blind n (Japanese traditional) misu ࡲ ࡌ࣬ᚒ⡐, sudare ࡌࡓࡿ࣬⡐ → blind; bamboo wind-chimes n takefürin ➁㢴㕝 ban 1. n kinshi ⚏Ḿ 2. ~s it v kinshi shimásu ⚏Ḿࡊࡱࡌ banana n banana ࣁࢻࢻ; ~ shake banana sheiku ࣁࢻࢻࢨ࢘࢕ࢠ band n 1. (group) kumí ⤄ 2. (of



musicians) (Western style) gakudan ᴞᅆ, bando ࣁࣤࢺ 3. (Japanese style) (o)-hayashi ࠽ࡢࡷࡊ࣬࠽ ᄮࡊ 4. (watchband, etc.) (tokei) bando ᫤゛ ࣁࣤࢺ 5. beruto ࣊ࣜࢹ bandage n høtai ໜᖈ bandit n zoku ㈣ bang n (sound) ban ࣁࣤ, batan ࣁࢰࣤ bangle n 1. (wristlet) ude wa ⭆㍧ 2. kazari 㣥ࡽ banish v tsuihø shimásu ㏛ᨲࡊ ࡱࡌ banister n tesuri ᡥࡌࡽ banjo n banjo ࣁࣤࢩ࣭ࣘ; three stringed ~ shamisen ࡊࡶࡲࡎࢆ ࣬୔࿝⥲ bank n 1. ginkø 㖗⾔ 2. (special



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basement



storage place) banku ࣁࣤࢠ 3. (~ of a river or lake) kishí ᓃ; bank account n ginkø-kóza 㖗⾔ཾ ᗑ, yokin-kóza 㡰㔘ཾᗑ; blood bank n ketsueki banku ⾉ᾦࣁࣤࢠ bankruptcy n hasan ◒⏐ banner n 1. (flag) hata ᪕ 2. (motto, slogan, etc.) hyøshiki ᵾㆉ 3. (hanging cloth or curtain over a street, entrance, etc.) taremaku ᆱࡿᖞ 4. (advertising) banå (køkoku) ࣁࢻ࣭ ᗀ࿈ banquet n enkai ᐑఌ baptism n senrei ὑ♡ bar n 1. (for drinking) saka-ba 㒿ሔ, (Western style) bå ࣁ࣭, (neighborhood pub) nomí-ya 㣟 ࡲᒁ, (after-hours) sunákku ࢪࢻ ࢴࢠ 2. bø Ფ; a bar of soap n sekken ík-ko ࡎࡖࡄࢆ>▴㮧@ ୌ಴ barbarian n yaban-jín 㔕⺽ெ barbecue n båbekyü ࣁ࣭࣭࣊࢞ࣖ barber(shop) n tokoya ᗃᒁ, rihátsú-ten ⌦㧝ᗉ, sanpatsu-ya ᩋ 㧝ᒁ bare 1. adj (scarce) toboshii இࡊ ࠷ 2. (mere) honno wazuka (no) ࡮ࢆࡡࢂࡍ࠾ࡡ 3. → naked 4. → reveal; barefoot adj hadashi (no) ࡢࡓࡊ࣬⿼㊂ࡡ࡚ ; adv hadashi (de) ࡢࡓࡊ࣬⿼㊂࡚ ; barely adv karøjite ࠾ࢀ࠹ࡋ࡙࣬ ㎖࠹ࡋ࡙, nantoka ࡝ࢆ࡛࠾, girigiri ࡁࡽࡁࡽ bargain n (a real find) horidashi mono ᇷฝࡊ∸, bågen ࣁ࣭ࢣࣤ



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barge n hashike ࡢࡊࡄ bark 1. n (of tree) kí no kawá ᮄ ࡡ⓮, [BOOKISH] juhi ᶖ⓮ 2. v (a dog ~s) hoemásu ྩ࠻ࡱࡌ barley n ø-mugi ኬ㯇 barn n naya ⣙ᒁ barometer n 1. (indicator) baromëtå ࣁ࣒࣭ࣞࢰ࣭ 2. (for at-



mospheric pressure) kiatsu-kei Ẵᅸ゛ barracks n 1. héisha ඹ⯃ 2. barakku ࣁࣚࢴࢠ barracuda n kamásu ࣏࢜ࢪ barrage n shüchü høka 㞗୯◑ℾ barrel n taru ᶙ barren adj 1. (land) yaseta ࡷࡎࡒ, fumø (na/no) ୘ẗ࡝ࡡ 2. (sterile) funin (no) ୘ዲࡡ barricade n barikëdo ࣁࣛࢢ࣭ࢺ barrier n 1. (fence) saku ᰑ 2. (obstacle) shøgai-butsu 㝸ᐐ ∸ 3. (limit) genkai 㝀⏲ 4. (limit or boundary) genkai 㝀⏲, kyøkai ሾ⏲ barrow n (wheel~) teoshi-guruma ᡥᢪࡊ㌬ barter n butsubutsu køkan ∸ࠍ ஹᥦ base n 1. (military, etc.) kichí ᇱ ᆀ; military base n gunji-kichi ㌯஥ ᇱᆀ 2. (of a tree) ne-motó ᰷ඔ 3. (foundation) kiso ᇱ♇ baseball n yakyü 㔕⌣, bësubø´ru ࣭࣊ࢪ࣭࣍ࣜ; baseball stadium n yakyü-jø 㔕⌣ሔ, kyüjø ⌣ሔ basement n (floor) chikai ᆀ㝭; (room) chiká (-shitsu) ᆀୖᐄ



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bash



bash v tatakimásu ྄ࡀࡱࡌ bashful → shy bashing n tatakí ྄ࡀ, basshingu ࣁࢴࢨࣤࢡ basic adj kihon-teki (na) ᇱᮇⓏ ࡝ , konpon-teki (na) ᰷ᮇⓏ ࡝ basin n 1. (for washing face) senmén-ki ὑ㟻ჹ 2. tarai ࡒࡼ࠷ 3. hachí 㖂 4. (flat land sur-



rounded by higher land) bonchi ⓽ᆀ; Kyoto basin n Kyøto bonchi ா㒌⓽ᆀ basis n 1. kihon ᇱᮇ, konpon ᰷ᮇ, kijun ᇱ‵, kiso ᇱ♇ 2. (grounds) kónkyo ᰷ᣈ basket n kago ࠾ࡇ࣬⡪, basuketto ࣁࢪࢢࢴࢹ basketball n basuketto børu ࣁࢪࢢ ࢴࢹ࣭࣬࣍ࣜ, basuke ࣁࢪࢢ bass n 1. (sea bass) suzuki ࢪࢫ࢞ 2. (music) basu ࣁࢪ, bësu ࣭࣊ࢪ baste 1. v (sewing) ~ with thread shi-tsukemásu ௘௛ࡄࡱࡌ 2. v (cooking) tare o kakemásu ࢰࣝ ࢅ࠾ࡄࡱࡌ bat n 1. kø´mori ࢤ࣓ࢗࣛ 2. (baseball) bátto ࣁࢴࢹ bath n (o-)fúro ࠽ 㢴࿁, yokujø ᾆሔ; bathrobe n basurøbu ࣁࢪࣞ ࣭ࣇ; bathroom n ① (for bathing) (o-)furoba ࠽ 㢴࿁ሔ, yoku-jø/ shitsu ᾆሔᐄ ② (toilet) tóireࢹ ࢕ࣝ, keshø´-shitsu ໩⢕ᐄ, (o-) teárai ࠽ ᡥὑ࠷, (o-)benjó  ࠽ ౼ᡜ; public bath n séntø 㖱…, køshü yokujø ප⾏ᾆሔ



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baton 1. (sports, such as race and rhythmic gymnastics) baton ࣁࢹ ࣤ 2. (music) shiki-bø ᣞᥱᲤ battalion n (military) daitai ኬ㝪 batter n (baseball) battå ࣁࢴࢰ࣭, dásha ᡬ⩽ battery n denchi 㞹ờ, bátterii ࣁ ࢴࢷ࣭ࣛ battle 1. n tatakai ᡋ࠷, arasoi ண ࠷, [BOOKISH] sentø ᡋ㜒 2. v tatakaimásu ᡋ࠷ࡱࡌ bay n wán ‬, urá ὾ be → is → go → come beach n hama ὶ, bíichi ࣄ࣭ࢲ; (seashore) kaigan ᾇᓃ bead n 1. tamá ⋚, biizu ࣄ࣭ࢫ; (prayer) ~s juzú ࡋࡸࡍ࣬ᩐ⌌ 2. counting ~s → abacus beagle n (dog) biiguru-ken ࣄ࣭ࢡ ࣜ≗ beak n kuchibashi ࡂࡔࡣࡊ beam n 1. (cross~) keta ࡄࡒ ࣬᰾; under the ~ keta-shita ᰾ ୖ࣬ࡄࡒୖ 2. (~ of light) køsen ක⥲ bean n mamé ࣏࣒࣬㇃; (soy beans) daizu ࢱ࢕ࢫ㹺ኬ㇃ bean curd n (o-)tøfu ࠽ ㇃⭁;



(pot-boiled squares) yu-dø´fu …㇃⭁; (deep-fried) aburá-age ἔᥥࡅ bean jam/paste n (sweet) án(ko) ࢓ࣤࢤ ࣬㣾ࡆ ; (fermented) míso ࡲࡐ࣬࿝ძ (o-)míso ࠽ ࡲࡐ࣬࠽ ࿝ძ bear 1. n (animal) kúmá ↻ 2. v (puts up with) shinobimásu



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before



ᚰࡦࡱࡌ, taemásu ⪇࠻ࡱࡌ, shínbø shimásu ㎖ᢢࡊࡱࡌ 3. → carry 4. → give birth to 5. ~s fruit minorimásu ᐁࡽࡱࡌ; bear up (stands firm) ganbarimásu ࠿ ࢆࡣࡽ>㡱ᘿࡽ@ࡱࡌ beard n hige ࡥࡅ࣬㨀 bearings; n one’s ~ høgaku ᪁ぽ beat v 1. (hits) nagurimásu ࡝ࡃ ࡽ>Ṹࡽ@ࡱࡌ; (slaps) hatakimásu ࡢࡒࡀࡱࡌ྄࣬ࡀࡱࡌ 2. (defeats) makashimásu ㇿ࠾ࡊࡱࡌ 3.



(heart throbs) dókidoki shimásu ࡜ࡀ࡜ࡀࡊࡱࡌ; ~ around the bush (is non-committal) hanashí o bokashimásu ヨࢅ࡯࠾ࡊࡱࡌ beautiful adj utsukushíi ⨶ࡊ࠷, kírei (na) ࡀࡿ࠷࣬⥙㮿࡝ beauty n 1. [BOOKISH] bi ⨶, utsukushí-sa ⨶ࡊࡈ 2. (beautiful woman) bi-jin ⨶ெ, bi-jo ⨶ዥ beauty parlor n biyø´in ⨶ᐖ㝌 beaver n biibå ࣄ࣭ࣁ࣭ because conj ... kara ...࠾ࡼ, ... tame ... ࡒࡴ࣬Ⅵ, ... mono ... ࡵ ࡡ, ... no de ... ࡡ࡚, [BOOKISH] ... yúé ni ... ࡹ࠻࡞࣬ᨶ࡞; perhaps ~ of ... (no) séi ka ... ࡡ ࡎ࠷࠾ become v (... ni, ... -ku) narimásu ... ࡞, ... ࡂ ࡝ࡽࡱࡌ bed n toko ᗃ; (Western) béddo (bétto) ࣊ࢴࢺ࣊ࢴࢹ , shindai ᐱྋ; goes to ~ nemásu ᐱࡱ ࡌ, yasumimásu, ఆࡲࡱࡌ; bedand-breakfast n minshuku Ằᐙ; bedclothes, bedding n shíngu ᐱර,



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yágu እර; (Japanese quilt) ᕱᅆ (o)-futón ࠽ ᕱᅆ; bedroom n shinshitsu ᐱᐄ bedlam n 1. sawagi 㥹ࡁ; søran 㥹 ஗ 2. (confusion) konran Ί஗ bedraggled adj 1. (limp and wet) hikizutte nurashita ᘤࡀࡍࡖ࡙⃷ ࡼࡊࡒ 2. (limp and soiled) hikizutte yogoshita ᘤࡀࡍࡖ࡙ỗࡊࡒ bee n hachi ⻇࣬ࣀࢲ; beehive n mitsubachi no subako ࣐ࢵࣁࢲ >⻜⻇@ࡡᕛ⟵ beef n gyüniku ∭⫏, biifu ࣄ࣭ࣆ; beef slices dipped in hot broth shabushabu ࡊࡶࡩࡊࡶࡩ࣬ࢨࣔࣇࢨ ࣔࣇ beefsteak n sutëki ࢪࢷ࣭࢞ been → is → go → come beep n 1. (sound) bii-tto iu oto ࣄ࣭ࢴ࡛࠷࠹㡚 2. (answering machine) pii-tto iu oto ࣅ࣭ࢴ ࡛࠷࠹㡚 3. yobidashi-on ࿣ࡦ ฝࡊ㡚 beer n bíiru ࣄ࣭ࣜ; draft beer n nama-bíiru ⏍ࣄ࣭ࣜ, náma ⏍ beet n bíito ࣄ࣭ࢹ beetle n (insect) kabutomushi ࢜ ࣇࢹ࣑ࢨ; black beetle n gokiburi ࢥ࢞ࣇࣛ before adv (... no) máe (ni)...ࡡ ๑࡞ ; ~ it happens (shi-) nai uchí (ni) ࡊ ࡝࠷࠹ࡔ࡞ ; before a meal n, adv taberu mae (ni) 㣏 ࡬ࡾ๑࡞ , [BOOKISH] shokuzen (ni) 㣏๑࡞ ; before long adv mamó-naku ࡱࡵ࡝ࡂ࣬㛣ࡵ࡝ࡂ, sórosoro ࡐࢀࡐࢀ; (eventually)



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beg



yagate ࡷ࠿࡙ beg v tanomimásu 㢏ࡲࡱࡌ, negaimásu 㢢࠷ࡱࡌ; I beg your pardon, but ... interj shitsúrei desu ga ... ኶♡࡚ࡌ࠿... beggar n kojikí ࡆࡋࡀ࣬஑㣏 begin v (it ~s) hajimarimásu ጙࡱ ࡽࡱࡌ; (~s it) hajimemásu ጙࡴ ࡱࡌ beginning n hajime ิࡴ, (outset) saisho ᭩ิ, [INFORMAL] shoppána ࡊࡺࡖࡤ࡝࣬ิࡖࡤ࡝, hajimari ጙࡱࡽ begrudge v uramimásu ᜗ࡲࡱࡌ ᜗ࡳ, ᜗ࢆ࡚ ; (be jealous of another’s good fortune, etc.) hito no køun o netamimásu ெࡡ ᖶ㐘ࢅࡠࡒࡲࡱࡌ behalf n 1. (support) shiji ᨥᣚ 2. (benefit) rieki ฺ─; in/on ~ of … (... no) tamé ... ࡡ ࡒࡴ࣬ Ⅵ 3. (representative) in/on ~ of … [INFORMAL] (... no) kawari (ni) ...ࡡ௥ࢂࡽ࡞ , (... no) dairi (de) ...ࡡ௥⌦࡚ behavior n 1. (actions) kødø ⾔ິ 2. (act) køi ⾔Ⅵ 3. (deportment) furumai ࡨࡾࡱ࠷࣬ᣲࡾ⯑࠷ 4. (manners) (o-)gyøgi ࠽ ⾔ൢ 5. (attitude) táido ឺᗐ behind 1. prep (... no) ushiro (de/ ni) (... ࡡ ᚃࢀ࡚࡞ ; (the other side) urá ⿤ 2. falls/gets ~ okuremásu 㐔ࡿࡱࡌ; leaves ~ nokoshimásu ṟࡊࡱࡌ, (forgets) wasuremono o shimásu ᚸࡿ∸ ࢅࡊࡱࡌ



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beige n bëju ࣭࣊ࢩࣖ Beijing n pekin ໪ா being 1. n (in existence; person) sonzai Ꮛᅹ; human ~ ningen ெ 㛣 2. n (creature) ikimono ⏍ ࡀ∸ 3. → is 4. v comes into ~ seiritsu shimásu ᠺ❟ࡊࡱࡌ belch n, v geppu (o shimásu) ࡅࡖ ࡪࢅࡊࡱࡌ Belgium n berugii ࣭࣊ࣜ࢟ believe v 1. ~ (in) (... o) shinjimásu ... ࢅ ಘࡋࡱࡌ 2. → think bell n 1. (large) kane 㚕 2. (small) rín/suzu 㕝 3. (doorbell) béru ࣊ ࣜ, yobi-rin ࿣ࡦ㕝 4. (temple ~) tsurigane 㔦ࡽ㚕 belly n hará ⭙; fuku-bu ⭙㒂; onaka ࠽⭙ belong (to) v (... ni) zokushimásu ... ࡞ ᒌࡊࡱࡌ belongings n mochímono ᣚࡔ∸ beloved n 1. (person or pet) itoshii ࠷࡛ࡊ࠷࣬យࡊ࠷, saiai (no) ᭩ យࡡ 2. (thing) aiyø (no) យ⏕ ࡡ 3. (thing or place) okiniiri (no) ࠽Ẵ࡞ථࡽࡡ, daisuki (na) ኬይࡀ࡝ ; beloved daughter manamusume យፃ below prep, adv (... no) shitá (ni) ... ࡡ ୖ࡞ ; (less than) ... íka (... no) ... ௧ୖ... ࡡ , ... míman (... no) ... ᮅ‫‮‬... ࡡ belt n 1. beruto ࣊ࣜࢹ, óbi ᖈ 2. (sumo wrestler’s) mawashi ࡱ ࢂࡊ࣬ᅂࡊ 3. (zone) (chi)tai ᆀ ᖈ; belt line n kanjø-sen ⎌≟⥲ bemused adj 1. (confused) konwa-



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bibliography



kushita ᅏᝠࡊࡒ, tøwakushita ᙔᝠࡊࡒ 2. (lost in thought) mono-omoi ni fuketta ∸ᛦ࠷࡞ ࡨࡄࡖࡒ bench n benchi ࣊ࣤࢲ bend v 1. (it ~s) oremásu ᢙࡿ ࡱࡌ, (curves) magarimásu ᭜࠿ ࡽࡱࡌ, (warps) sorimásu ཬࡽࡱ ࡌ 2. (~s it) orimásu ᢙࡽࡱࡌ, magemásu ᭜ࡅࡱࡌ, sorashimásu ཬࡼࡊࡱࡌ; bend backward v karada o sorashimásu మࢅ ཬࡼࡊࡱࡌ; bend down/ over v kagamimásu ᑿࡲࡱࡌ; bend forward v mae-kagami ni narimásu ๑ᑿࡲ࡞࡝ࡽࡱࡌ beneath → below benefactor n onjin ᜘ெ benefit n ríeki ฺ─; (... no) tamé ... ࡡ Ⅵ benign 1. n (pathology) ryøsei Ⰳᛮ 2. adj (gracious) shinsetsu (na) のว࡝ Berlin n Berurín ࣊ࣜࣛࣤ berth n shindai ᐱྋ; berth ticket n shindái-ken ᐱྋไ beset (stricken); gets ~ (by illness) yararemásu ࡷࡼࡿࡱࡌ beside prep, adv (next to) ... no sóba (de/ni) ... ࡡࡐࡣ࡚࡞ , ... no tonari (de/ni) ...ࡡ㝼ࡽ࡚࡞ besides prep, adv (in addition to) sono úé (ni) ࡐࡡ୕࡞ , (sono) hoka (ni) ࡐࡡ ௙࡞ best adj 1. ichiban íi ୌ␊࠷࠷>Ⰳ ࠷, ၻ࠷@; sairyø (no) ᭩Ⰳࡡ 2. (highest) saikø (no) ᭩㧏ࡡ



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3. (top-class) jøtø (no) ୕➴ࡡ 4. (special-quality) tokkyü (no) ≁⣥ࡡ , zekkø (no) ⤧ይࡡ ; at best adv séizei ࡎ࠷ࡏ࠷; the best, one’s best n saizen ᭩ၻ; ten best n besutó-ten ࣊ࢪࢹࢷࣤ bet 1. n (act of betting) kake ㈻ࡄ 2. n (money) kake-kin ㈻ࡄ㔘 3. v kakemásu ㈻ࡄࡱࡌ, kaké o shimásu ㈻ࢅࡊࡱࡌ betray v ura-girimásu ⿤วࡽࡱࡌ; betrayal n ura-giri ⿤วࡽ betrothal n konyaku ፡⣑; betrothed n konyaku-sha ፡⣑⩽ better adj 1. mótto íi/yoi ࡵࡖ࡛࠷ ࠷Ⰳ࠷, (...) yóri íi/yoi ... ࡻࡽ ࠷࠷Ⰳ࠷ 2. (preferable) ... (no hø´) ga íi/yoi ...ࡡ᪁ ࠿࠷ ࠷Ⰳ࠷ between prep, adv (... no) aida (ni) ... ࡡ 㛣࡞ ; ...-kan ... ...㛣 beverage n nomí-mono 㣟ࡲ∸ beware v chüi shimásu Ἰណࡊࡱࡌ; (Please) beware ki o tsukete (kudasai) Ẵࢅࡗࡄ࡙ࡂࡓࡈ࠷ beyond prep, adv (... no) mukø (ni)... ࡡ ྡྷࡆ࠹࡞ ; ~ expectations zongai Ꮛአ; beyond remedy shø (shi-yø) ga nái ࡊࡺ࠹ࡊࡻ ࠹࣬௘ᵕ ࠿࡝࠷ bias n (prejudice) henken ೩ず, sennyü-kan ඙ථび Bible n Séisho ⪯᭡, Báiburu ࣁ࢕ ࣇࣜ bibliography n tosho mokuroku ᅒ ᭡┘㘋, bunken mokuroku ᩝ⊡ ┘㘋



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bicycle



bicycle n jitén-sha, jidén-sha ⮤㌷ ㌬; bicycle shop n jitensha-ya, jidensha-ya ⮤㌷㌬ᒁ bid 1. v (to offer) nyüsatsu shimásu ථᮈࡊࡱࡌ 2. v (to command) meirei shimásu ࿤௦ࡊࡱࡌ 3. v (to express) ii másu ゕ࠷ࡱࡌ 4. n nyüsatsu ථᮈ big adj 1. økíi ኬࡀ࠷, [INFORMAL] dekai (dekkai) ࡚࠾࠷࡚ࡖ࠾࠷ 2. (spacious) hirói ᗀ࠷; big brother áni ඕ, (o-)níi-san ࠽ ඕࡈࢆ; big sister ane ጗, (o-)në´-san ࠽ ጗ࡈࢆ bike n 1. → bicycle 2. (motorbike) baiku ࣁ࢕ࢠ, øtobai ࢛࣭ࢹࣁ࢕ bilingual n, adj bairingaru (no) ࣁ ࢕ࣛࣤ࢝ࣜࡡ bill n 1. (to pay) (o-)kanjø ࠽ ື ᏽ; denpyø ఎ⚂, o-aiso ࠽យ᝷ ࣬࠽࠵࠷ࡐ; daikin ௥㔘, ...-dai ... ௥; (account) tsuké ࡗࡄ; separate bill/charge (restaurant) betsu-ryøkin ืᩩ㔘; (Dutch treat) warikan ๪ࡽື 2. (bank bill, promissory note) tegata ᡥ ᙟ 3. (currency note) (o-)satsu ࠽ ᮈ 4. (handbill) bira ࡦ ࡼ࣬ࣄࣚ billiards n biriyådo ࣄ࣭ࣛࣕࢺ billion n jü´-oku ༎൦ (U.S.); chø´ ඗, ít-chø ୌ඗ (Britain) bin n trash ~ gomi-bako ࢥ࣐⟵ bind v 1. (pages, sheets) tsuzurimásu ⥓ࡽࡱࡌ 2. → tie binge n donchan-sawagi ࡜ࢆࡔ ࡶࢆ㥹ࡁ



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bingo n (game) bingo ࣄࣤࢥ binoculars n søgan-kyø ཫ╉㙶 biography n denki ఎエ biological adj seibutsugaku-teki (na) ⏍∸ᏕⓏ࡝ biology n seibutsú-gaku ⏍∸Ꮥ biotechnology n baio(-tekunorojii) ࣁ࢕࢛ࢷࢠࢿࣞࢩ࣭ , seibutsu køgaku ⏍∸ᕝᏕ bird n tori 㫵; bird-watching n bådo uotchingu ࣁ࣭ࢺ࢛ࢗࢴࢲࣤࢡ; yachø-kansatsu 㔕㫵びᐳ birth n 1. (being born) umare ⏍ࡱ ࡿ, [BOOKISH] shussei ฝ⏍ 2. (origin) tanjø ㄄⏍; give ~ to ... o umimásu ... ࢅ⏍ࡲࡱࡌ, o-san shimásu ࠽⏐ࡊࡱࡌ; birthstone n tanjø´seki ㄄⏍▴ birthday n (o)-tanjø´bi ࠽ ㄄⏍᪝; båsudë ࣁ࣭ࢪࢸ࣭, birthday cake n (o-)tanjø´bi këki ࠽ ㄄⏍᪝ࢢ ࣭࢞; båsudë këki ࣁ࣭ࢪࢸ࣭ࢢ ࣭࢞, birthday card n o-)tanjø´bi kådo ࠽ ㄄⏍᪝࣭࢜ࢺ; båsudë kådo ࣁ࣭ࢪࢸ࣭࣭࢜ࢺ birthplace n kókyø ᨶ㒋, furusato ᨶ㒋࣬ࡨࡾࡈ࡛ biscuit n (cookie) bisuketto ࣄࢪ ࢢࢴࢹ bisexual n (ambisexual) baisekushuaru ࣁ࢕ࢬࢠࢨࣖ࢓ࣜ, ryøseiai-sha ୦ᛮយ⩽ bit n (a little) sukóshi ᑛࡊ; [INFORMAL] chótto ࡔࡺࡖ࡛ bitch n 1. (female dog) mesu-inu 㞜≗ 2. (malicious and lewd woman) abazure ࠵ࡣࡍࡿ



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blister



bite 1. v kamimásu ࠾ࡲࡱࡌ࣬ჱ ࡲࡱࡌ, kami-tsukimásu ࠾ࡲࡗ ࡀࡱࡌ࣬ჱࡲࡗࡀࡱࡌ 2. n one ~ hitó-kuchi ࡥ࡛ࡂࡔ࣬ୌཾ 3. n (hurt) sashikizu ๆഭ bitter adj 1. (taste, hard to bear, painful) nigái ⱖ࠷ 2. (awful) hidói ࡥ࡜࠷࣬㓖࠷; bitter experience nigai keiken ⱖ࠷⤊㥺 black adj kurói 㯦࠷; kúro (no) 㯦 ࡡ ; jet ~ makkúro (na) ┷ࡖ㯦 ࡝ ; black box n burakku bokkusu ࣇࣚࢴࢠ࣍ࢴࢠࢪ; black market n yami-ichi 㜄ᕰ, yamí-íchiba 㜄ᕰሔ blackboard n kokuban 㯦ᯀ black-hearted adj hara gurói ⭙㯦࠷ blackmail n yusuri ࡹࡌࡽ, kyøkatsu ᜅႍ bladder n bøkø ⭜⬌ blade n 1. (razor) (kamisórí no) há ࠾ࡲࡐࡽࡡ ร 2. (sword) yaiba ࡷ࠷ࡣ࣬ร 3. (leaf) ha ⴝ 4. (on ice skate) burëdo ࣇ࣭ࣝࢺ blame 1. n (censure) (o-)togame ࠽ ࡛࠿ࡴ, hínan 㟸㞬 2. v (rebukes one) togamemásu ࡛࠿ ࡴࡱࡌ, hínan shimásu 㟸㞬ࡊࡱ ࡌ 3. → responsibility bland adj 1. (tasteless) aji ga usui ࿝࠿⷟࠷ 2. (gentle) odayaka (na) ✔ࡷ࠾࡝ 3. (insipid) tsumaranai ࡗࡱࡼ࡝࠷ blank 1. n (space) küsho ✭ᡜ, yohaku ఴⓉ 2. n (form) yøshi ⏕⣤ 3. adj hakushi (no) Ⓣ⣤ ࡡ 4. adj (expression) utsuro



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(na) ࠹ࡗࢀ࡝ ࣬✭ࢀ࡝ ࣬⹣ ࢀ࡝ ; with a ~ look utsuro na hyøjø o mísete ࠹ࡗࢀ࡝>⹣ࢀ࡝@ ⾪᝗ࢅずࡎ࡙ blanket n mø´fu ẗᕱ blast-off n hassha Ⓠᑏ bleach n hyøhaku-zai ⁳Ⓣ๠ bleak adj 1. (hopeless) kibø no nai ᕵ᭻ࡡ࡝࠷; ~ future kurai shørai ᬧ࠷ᑑᮮ 2. (desolate) wabishii ࢂࡦࡊ࠷, sappükei (na) ṽ㢴ᬊ ࡝ 3. (cold) samui ᐨ࠷ bleed v chi ga demásu ⾉࠿ฝࡱࡌ, shukketsu shimásu ฝ⾉ࡊࡱࡌ blemish n 1. (scar) kizu ഭ 2. (defect) ketten ḖⅤ blend n burendo ࣇࣝࣤࢺ, kongø Ίྙ blender n míkiså ࣐࢞ࢦ࣭ bless v 1. ~ with ... o megumimásu ... ࢅᜠࡲࡱࡌ 2. gets blessed with ...ni megumaremásu ...࡞ᜠࡱࡿ ࡱࡌ blessed adj 1. megumareta ᜠࡱࡿ ࡒ, shukufuku sareta ♻⚗ࡈࡿࡒ 2. (holy) shinsei (na) ♼⪯࡝ , seinaru ⪯࡝ࡾ; blessing n megumi ᜠࡲ, shukufuku ♻⚗ blind n 1. (person) møjin ┛ெ 2. (sun-shade) hi-ø´í ᪝さ࠷, hi-yoke ᪝ࡻࡄ, buraindo ࣇࣚ࢕ ࣤࢺ → bamboo blind blink v ma-tátaki/ma-bátaki shimásu ࡱࡒࡒࡀࡱࡣࡒࡀ█ ࡀࡊࡱࡌ blister n mizu-búkure Ề⭶ࡿ; (corn) mamé ࡱࡴ, soko mame ᗇࡱࡴ



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blizzard



blizzard n (mø-/ø-) fúbuki ⊓ኬ ྻ㞯 bloc n ken ᅥ, burokku ࣇࣞࢴࢠ block 1. n (city block) The closest equivalent is chøme ୍┘, a



square of several blocks. For distances, use ... -chø ... ⏣ 2. n ~ of wood kakuzai ぽᮞ 3. n (toy) tsumiki ✒ࡲᮄ, burokku ࣇࣞ ࢴࢠ 4. v (clogs, impedes) fusagimásu ࡨࡈࡁࡱࡌ, burokku shimásu ࣇࣞࢴࢠࡊࡱࡌ; blocked (off) v the road is ~ dø´ro ga fusagátte imásu 㐠㊨࠿ࡨࡈ࠿ࡖ࡙࠷ ࡱࡌ blockade 1. n füsa ᑌ㙈 2. v füsa shimásu ᑌ㙈ࡊࡱࡌ blond adj kinpatsu (no) 㔘㧝ࡡ , burondo (no) ࣇࣞࣤࢺࡡ blood n chi ⾉, [BOOKISH] ketsueki ⾉ᾦ; blood type n ketsuekigata ⾉ᾦᆵ blood pressure n ketsuatsu ⾉ᅸ; takes one’s ~ ketsuatsu o hakarimásu ⾉ᅸࢅ゛ࡽࡱࡌ bloom v sakimásu ဋࡀࡱࡌ blossom → bloom → flower blot, blotch n shimi ࡊࡲ࣬᯹ࡲ, yogore ỗࡿ blotter n suitorí-gami ྺ࠷ཱི ࡽ⣤ blouse n (woman’s, child’s) buráusu ࣇࣚࢗࢪ blow v fukimásu ྻࡀࡱࡌ; ~ one’s nose hana o kamimásu 㰧 ࢅ࠾ࡲࡱࡌ blowfish n fúgu ࣆࢡ࣬ἑ㇔



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blowup n bakuhatsu ⇷Ⓠ, bakuha ⇷◒ bludgeon n konbø ᲠᲤ࣬ࡆࢆᲤ blue adj 1. áói 㟯࠷; áo (no) 㟯 ࡡ 2. (feel ~) burü ࣇ࣭ࣜ, yüutsu ៟࠹ࡗ; blue-collar worker n burü karå ࣇ࣭࣭ࣜ࢜ࣚ; nikutai rødø-sha ⫏మຘ഼⩽ blunder n shippai ኶ᩃ; chónbo ࡔ ࡺࢆ࡯; (faux pas) bu-sáhø ୘ష Ἢ࣬↋షἪ blunt adj (dull-edged) kirénai ว ࡿ࡝࠷; (dull-pointed) nibúi 㕄 ࠷; (curt) bu-áisø (na) ↋យ᝷ ࡝ , bukkírábø (na) ࡩࡖࡀࡼ ࡯࠹࡝ blush v kao ga akaku narimásu 㢞࠿㉝ࡂ࡝ࡽࡱࡌ, [BOOKISH] sekimen shimásu ㉝㟻ࡊࡱࡌ board 1. n (plank) íta ᯀ 2. n (meals) (o-)shokuji ࠽ 㣏஥ 3. v (gets on a train/bus) jøsha shimásu ஋㌬ࡊࡱࡌ, (a plane) tøjø shimásu ᦒ஋ࡊࡱࡌ boarding pass n tøjø´-ken ᦒ஋ไ, bødingu-pasu/kådo ࣭࣍ࢸ࢔ࣤ ࢡࣂࢪ࣭࢜ࢺ boast v jiman shimásu ⮤ះࡊࡱࡌ boat n fúne ⯒࣬⯢; (small) kobune ᑚ⯒࣬ᑚ⯢, bø´to ࣭࣍ࢹ; boat race n bøto-rësu ࣭࣍ࢹ࣭ࣝࢪ body n 1. karada మ࣬㌗మ whole ~ zenshin ධ㌗; ~ temperature taion మῺ; ~ weight taijü మ㔔 2.



(collective body, group) shüdan 㞗ᅆ; bodybuilding n bodii-biru ࣍ ࢸ࢔ࣄࣜ; bodyguard n bodii-gådo 362



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booth



࣍ࢸ࢔࣭࢝ࢺ, goei ㆜⾠ bog down, gets bogged down v ikizumarimásu ⾔ࡀョࡱࡽࡱࡌ bohemian n bohemian ࣍ࣉ࣐࢓ࣤ boil v 1. ~s water o-yu o wakashimásu ࠽…ࢅἓ࠾ࡊࡱࡌ; water ~s o-yu ga wakimásu ࠽ …࠿ἓࡀࡱࡌ 2. ~s (food) nimásu ↳ࡱࡌ, yudemásu ࡹ࡚ࡱࡌ࣬ⲏ ࡚ࡱࡌ; (soup, rice) takimásu ⅍ ࡀࡱࡌ 3. it ~s niemásu ↳࠻ࡱࡌ boil n (on skin) hare-mono ࡢࡿࡵ ࡡ, dekí-mónó ࡚ࡀࡵࡡo-déki ࠽࡚ࡀ ; boiled eggs n yude-támago ࡹ࡚༵ ↳㨮; boiled water n o-yu ࠽…, (cooled for drinking) yu-zámashi …෫ࡱࡊ boiler n bóirå ࣍࢕࣭ࣚ; (hotwater maker) yu-wakashiki … ἓ࠾ࡊჹ; (pot) kama ࠾ࡱ࣬㔡, nábe 㘘 boisterous adj yakamashíi ࡷ࠾ࡱ ࡊ࠷, sawagashíi 㥹࠿ࡊ࠷ bold adj daitán (na) ኬ⫱࡝ , yükan (na) ຩᩊ࡝ bolt n (of door) kannuki ࠾ࢆ࡟ ࡀ࣬㛔; (of nut and bolt) boruto ࣍ࣜࢹ; (of cloth) ... -maki ... ᕬࡀ, -tan ཬ bomb 1. n (explosive device) bakudan ⇷ᙆ 2. n (bombing) bakugeki ⇷ᦹ 3. v (~s it) bakugeki shimásu ⇷ᦹࡊࡱࡌ; bomber n bakugékí-ki ⇷ᦹᶭ; bombshell n bakudan ⇷ᙆ Bon; the Bon Festival (o-)bón ࠽ ⓽, urabon ࠹ࡼ⓽



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bond n (debenture) saiken ബไ bone n honé 㦭 bonfire n taki-bi ࡒࡀℾ bonito n katsuo ࢜ࢵ࢛࣬㫆; (dried) katsuo-bushi ࠾ࡗ࠽ ⟿࣬㫆⟿ bonnet → hat → (car) hood bonus n 1. (wage) bø´nasu ࣭࣍ ࢻࢪ, shø´yo ㈱୙ 2. (extra) omake ࠽ࡱࡄ boo-hoo interj (sound of crying) 1. ën ën ࢙࣭࢙࣭ࣤࣤ(mostly children’s crying), wån wån ࣭࣠ ࣭ࣤ࣠ࣤ (louder) 2. øi øi ࢛࣭ ࢕࢛࣭࢕ book 1. n hón ᮇ, [BOOKISH] shómotsu ᭡∸; (publications) shoseki ᭡⡘ 2. n ~ of (commuting) tickets kaisü-ken ᅂᩐไ 3. ~s v (reserves) yoyaku shimásu ஢⣑ࡊࡱࡌ; bookcase n hónbako ᮇ⟵; book up v gets booked fusagarimásu ࡨࡈ࠿ࡽࡱࡌ; bookfair n bukku-fea ࣇࢴࢠࣆ࢘࢓; booking n ① yoyaku ஢⣑ ② bóki ⡑エ boom n 1. (prosperity) (niwaka) keiki ࡞ࢂ࠾ ᬊẴ; keiki (ga ii) ᬊẴ࠿࠷࠷ 2. (fad) bü´mu ࣇ ࣭࣑ 3. (sound) dón ࢺࣤ boomerang n bümeran ࣇ࣭࣒ࣚࣤ booster n (of current) shøátsú-ki ᪴ᅸჹ booth n 1. (selling things) baiten ኉ᗉ 2. (in a tavern, etc.) bókkusu-seki ࣍ࢴࢠࢪᖆ 3. (telephone) denwa bókkusu 㞹ヨ࣍ࢴ



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boot(s)



ࢠࢪ 4. (office) büsu ࣇ࣭ࢪ boot(s) n naga-gutsu 㛏㠈, bütsu ࣇ࣭ࢵ, (rubber) gomu-naga ࢥ࣑㛏 border 1. n (boundary) sakái ሾ; (of a district, etc.) kyøkai ሾ⏲; (of a country) kokkyø ᅗሾ; (edging) herí ࡫ࡽ࣬⦍ 2. ~s on v ... ni ses-shimásu ... ࡞᥃ࡊࡱ ࡌ, rinsetsu shimásu 㝼᥃ࡊࡱࡌ boring adj (dull) taikutsu (na) ㏝ ᑿ࡝ , tsumaránai ࡗࡱࡼ࡝࠷ born 1. gets ~ v umaremásu ⏍ࡱ ࡿࡱࡌ 2. ~ in/of adj ... no de/ umare ... ࡡฝ⏍ࡱࡿ, ... -úmare (no) ... ⏍ࡱࡿࡡ borrow (from ...) v (... ni) karimásu ... ࡞ ೇࡽࡱࡌ bosom n futokoro ᠔࣬ࡨ࡛ࡆࢀ boss n 1. shújin ୹ெ 2. (head of company) shachø ♣㛏 3. (a leader) jøshi ୕ྒྷ 4. (ring-leader) óyá-bun のฦ, bosu ࣍ࢪ Boston n bosuton ࣍ࢪࢹࣤ botch v yari-sokonaimásu ࡷࡽ᥾ ࡝࠷ࡱࡌ both 1. pron ryøhø ୦᪁2. adj ryøhø no ୦᪁ࡡ 3. adv dochira mo ࡜ࡔࡼࡵ; ~ ... and ... ... mo ... mo ...ࡵ...ࡵ; both directions/sides n ryømen ୦㟻, ryø-gawa ୦ഁ bother n mendø´ 㟻಻, méiwaku ㏖ᝠ; (intrusion) jama ࡋࡶࡱ࣬ 㑟㨩; (care) (o)-séwa ࠽ ୠヨ, o-sewa-sama ࠽ୠヨᵕ, (go-) yákkai ࡇ ࡷࡖ࠾࠷࣬ࡇ ཀ௒ → worry; ~ a person hito no jama



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o shimásu ெࡡࡋࡶࡱ>㑟㨩@ࢅ ࡊࡱࡌ bothersome adj mendø-kusái 㟻಻ ࡂࡈ࠷>⮧࠷@, yákkai (na) ࡷࡖ ࠾࠷࣬ ཀ௒࡝ ; jama (na) ࡋࡶ ࡱ࣬㑟㨩࡝ bottle n 1. bín ⎴ 2. (a bottle of liquor) a ~ of whiskey wisukiibotoru (ippon) ࢗ࢔ࢪ࣭࢞࣍ࢹ ࣜୌᮇ ; a ~ of beer bíiru íp-pon ࣄ࣭ࣜୌᮇ; bottle opener n sennuki ᰞᢜࡀ bottom n soko ᗇ; (underneath) shita ୖ, ... shitá ...ୖ; (buttock) (o-)shiri ࠽ ᑶ; bottoms up n (toast) kanpai ஜ᮴ bounce v hazumimásu ᙆࡲࡱࡌ bound 1. v → bind; ~ pages tsuzuri ⥓ࡽ 2. → jump; bound for ... -iki (no) ... ⾔ࡀࡡ ; bound to (do) v kitto ...(suru) deshø ࡀࡖ࡛...ࡌ ࡾ ࡚ࡊࡺ࠹ boundary n sakái ሾ bouquet n haná-tába ⰴᮨ boutique n butikku ࣇࢷ࢔ࢴࢠ bow n (archery or violin) yumí ᘢ; (shape) yumi-gata ᘢᙟ; (of ribbon) chø-músubi ࡔࡺ࠹⤎ࡦ ࣬⼎⤎ࡦ bow 1. n (of head, etc.) o-jigi ࠽ࡋ ࡁ࣬࠽㎙ൢ 2. v o-jigi o shimásu ࠽ࡋࡀ࣬࠽㎙ൢࢅࡊࡱࡌ bowel n chø ⭘; bowels naizø හ⮒, ~ movement (o-)tsü´-ji࠽ ㏳ࡋ, has a ~ movement tsü-ji ga arimásu ㏳ࡋ࠿࠵ࡽࡱࡌ bowl n (o-)wan ࠽ ◿; (ricebowl)



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break



(o-)cháwan࠽ Ⲍ◿; (basin, pot) hachí 㖂 bowl(ful) n ...-hai ... ᮴ 1: íp-pai ୌ᮴, 2: ní-hai ஦᮴, 3: sánbai ୔᮴) bowling n børingu ࣍ࢗࣛࣤࢡ; ~ competition børingu-taikai ࣍ࢗ ࣛࣤࢡኬఌ, ~ ball børingu (no) børu ࣍ࢗࣛࣤࢡࡡ ࣭࣍ࣜ box n hako ⟵, ~ lunch (o-)bentø ࠽ ᘒᙔ, (sold at station) ekiben 㥈ᘒ boxer n bokuså ࣍ࢠࢦ࣭ boxing n kentø ᣑ㜒, bókushingu ࣍ࢠࢨࣤࢡ box office n 1. (ticket office) chiketto-uriba ࢲࢢࢴࢹ኉ࡽሔ 2. (receipts from a play, film, etc.) køgyø-shünyü ⮾⾔཭ථ, bokkusu-ofisu ࣍ࢴࢠࢪ࢛ࣆ࢔ࢪ boy n 1. otokó-no-ko ⏠ࡡᏄ, shønen ᑛᖳ, bø´ya ᆎࡷ, bótchan ᆎࡔࡶࢆ 2. (waiter) bøi ࣭࣍࢕; boyfriend n bøi-furéndo ࣭࣍࢕ࣆ ࣝࣤࢺ; káre-shi ᙴẮ; Boys’ Festival (5 May) n Tángo no sekku ❻༔ ࡡ⟿ྀ boycott n boikotto ࣍࢕ࢤࢴࢹ bra n bura ࣇࣚ→ brassiére bracelet n ude-wa ⭆㍧, buresuretto ࣇࣝࢪࣝࢴࢹ bracket n kakko ᣋᘴ; square ~ (such as “[]”) kaku-kakko ぽ ᣋᘴ brag v hóra o fukimásu ࡮ࡼࢅྻ ࡀࡱࡌ braid v amimásu ⥽ࡲࡱࡌ



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brain(s) n nø(-míso) ⬳ࡲࡐ , zunø 㢄⬳, atamá 㢄 (= head); brainstorming n burein sutømingu ࣇࣝ࢕ࣤࢪࢹ࣭࣐ࣤࢡ brake n burë´ki ࣇ࣭ࣝ࢞ branch n 1. (of tree) eda ᯖ 2. (of store) shiten ᨥᗉ 3. (of rail line) shisen ᨥ⥲ 4. (of school) bún-kø ฦᰧ 5. (of office) bu 㒂; branch off v it ~es off wakaremásu ฦ࠾ࡿࡱࡌ brand n burando ࣇࣚࣤࢺ, meigara 㖥ᯮ, shøhyø ၛᵾ; famous ~ goods yümei burando-hin ᭯ྞࣇ ࣚࣤࢺဗ brandy n burandë ࣇࣚࣤࢸ࣭ brass n shinchü ┷ࡔࡸ࠹࣬┷㘯 brassiére n burájå ࣇࣚࢩ࣭ࣔ brave adj yükan (na) ຩᩊ࡝ , tsuyói ᙁ࠷ bravo interj burabø ࣇ࣭ࣚ࣍ brazier n híbachi ℾ㖂 Brazil n Burajiru ࣇࣚࢩࣜ bread n pán ࣂࣤ, shoku-pan 㣏ࣂ ࣤ; bread crumbs n pan-kó ࣂࣤ⢂, pan-kúzu ࣂࣤࡂࡍ>ᒆ@ breadth n haba ᖕ break n 1. (rift or pause) kire-mé วࡿ┘ 2. (rest) (o-)yasumi࠽ ఆࡲ, kyükei ఆ៹ break v 1. it ~s v kowaremásu ቪ ࡿࡱࡌ, (in two) oremásu ᢙࡿ ࡱࡌ, (it splits) waremásu ๪ࡿ ࡱࡌ, (it smashes) kudakemásu ◃ࡄࡱࡌ 2. ~s it v kowashimásu ቪࡊࡱࡌ, (in two) orimásu ᢙࡽ ࡱࡌ, (splits) warimásu ๪ࡽࡱࡌ,



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breakdown



(smashes it) kudakimásu ◃ࡀࡱ ࡌ; ~ in wari-kómimásu ๪ࡽ㎰ ࡲࡱࡌ; break down ① it ~s down (crumbles) kuzuremásu ᓻࡿࡱࡌ, (stops working) koshø shimásu ᨶ㝸ࡊࡱࡌ ② ~s (demolishes) it down kuzushimásu ᓻࡊࡱࡌ; break off (ends it) kirimásu วࡽ ࡱࡌ; (it ends) kiremásu วࡿࡱࡌ breakdown n 1. (crash) koshø ᨶ 㝸 2. (item by item) meisai ᪺⣵, uchiwake හズ breakfast n chøshoku ᭽㣏, asagóhan ᭽ࡇ㣜 bream n sea bream tái ࢰ࢕࣬㪁 breast n (chest) muné ⬒; (woman’s) chichí ஘, chibusa ஘ᡛ, (baby talk, slang) óppai ࠽ࡖࡤ࠷; ~ cancer nyü-gan ஘࠿ࢆ࣬஘⒬ breath n íki ᜝; a ~ hitó-iki ୌ ᜝; draws/takes one’s last ~ íki o hiki-torimásu ᜝ࢅᘤࡀཱིࡽࡱࡌ breathe v íki o shimásu ᜝ࢅࡊࡱࡌ; kokyü shimásu ࿣ྺࡊࡱࡌ; ~ a sigh of relief hóttó shimásu ࡮ࡖ



bridegroom n hana-múko(-san) ⰴ ፯ࡈࢆ , (o-)múko(-san) ࠽ ፯ࡈࢆ bridge n 1. hashí ᶣ; (steel) tekkyø 㕪ᶣ; the ~s on a Japanese harp koto-ji ⌾ᰍ 2. (card) burijji ࣇ ࣛࢴࢩ bridle n baroku 㤷າ brief adj (short) mijikái ▯࠷; (simple) kantan (na) ⠾༟࡝ briefcase n kaban ࠾ࡣࢆ࣬㠔, buriifu kësu ࣇ࣭ࣛࣆࢢ࣭ࢪ briefing n jøkyø setsumei ≟Ἓㄕ᪺ briefly adj (in brief) zatto ࡉࡖ࡛ bright adj 1. akarui ᪺ࡾ࠷ 2. (sunny) hogáraka (na) ᭹ࡼ࠾ ࡝ 3. (colorful) hanáyaka (na) ⳱ࡷ࠾࡝ 4. (gaudy) hadé (na) ࡢ࡚࣬Ὤᡥ࡝ 5. (of spirit) yøki (na) 㝟Ẵ࡝ brilliant adj subarashii ࡌࡣࡼࡊ ࠷࣬⣪ᬍࡼࡊ࠷, sugoi ࡌࡇ࠷࣬ ෴࠷ brim n fuchi ࡨࡔ࣬⦍, heri ࡫ࡽ ࣬⦍ brine n shiomizu ሲỀ ࡛ࡊࡱࡌ breed n 1. (species of plant, etc.) bring v (a thing) motte/tótte hinshu ဗ⛸ 2. (kind) shurui ⛸ kimásu ᣚࡖཱི࡙ࡖ࡙ᮮࡱࡌ; 㢦 3. (lineage) kettø ⾉⤣ ~ along (a person) tsurete breeze n (soyó-)kaze ࡐࡻ 㢴; kimásu ㏻ࡿ࡙ᮮࡱࡌ; bring about shoots the ~ daberimásu ࡓ࡬ࡽ v okoshimásu ㉫ࡆࡊࡱࡌ; bring ࡱࡌ close/near v chika-zukemásu ㎾௛ ࡄࡱࡌ, yosemásu ᐞࡎࡱࡌ; bring brewery n jøzø-sho 㔂㏸ᡜ bribe(ry) n wáiro ࢂ࠷ࢀ࣬㈝㈛ up v (rears) sodatemásu ⫩࡙ࡱ brick n rénga ࣝࣤ࢝࣬↚⎨ ࡌ; yashinaimásu 㣬࠷ࡱࡌ; bride n haná-yome(-san) ⰴᎋࡈ yøiku shimásu 㣬⫩ࡊࡱࡌ; ࢆ , (o-)yome(-san) ࠽ ᎋࡈࢆ (trains) shitsukemásu ࡊࡗࡄࡱࡌ



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Buddha



brink n kiwá 㝷 Britain → England British → English brittle adj morói ࡵࢀ࠷࣬⬜࠷ broad adj hirói ᗀ࠷ broadband n, adj burødo-bando ࣇ ࣭ࣞࢺࣁࣤࢺ broadcast 1. n høsø ᨲ㏞ 2. v høsø shimásu ᨲ㏞ࡊࡱࡌ broad-minded n kanyø (na) ᐰᐖ࡝ brocade n níshiki 㘂 broccoli n burokkorii ࣇࣞࢴࢤ࣭ࣛ brochure n panfuretto ࣂࣤࣆࣝࢴ ࢹ, katarogu ࢜ࢰࣞࢡ broil v yakimásu ↕ࡀࡱࡌ broke adj (without money) kinketsu 㔘Ḗ broken adj (not working) damé desu (da/na, de, ni) ࡓࡴ>㥇┘@ ࡚ࡌࡓ࡝, ࡚, ࡞ ; koshø shita ᨶ㝸ࡊࡒ brokenhearted; gets ~ shitsuren shimásu ኶ᜂࡊࡱࡌ broker n burøkå ࣇ࣭࣭ࣞ࢜, nakagai ௯㈑࠷, nakadachí ௯❟ࡔ brokerage n (commission) tesüryø ᡥᩐᩩ, komisshon ࢤ࣐ࢴࢨࣘࣤ bronze n seidø 㟯㖙, buronzu ࣇ ࣞࣤࢫ brooch n burøchi ࣇ࣭ࣞࢲ brook n ogawa ᑚᕖ broom n høki ࡮࠹ࡀ࣬⟠ broth n süpu ࢪ࣭ࣈ brother n (otoko) kyø´dai ⏠ ඕ ᘭ; (older) (o-)níi-san ࠽ ඕࡈ ࢆ, áni ඕ; (younger) otøtó ᘭ,



(your younger brother) otøto-



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san ᘭࡈࢆ; brother-in-law n gíri no áni/otøtó (kyø´dai) ⩇⌦ࡡ ඕᘭඕᘭ ; brothers and sisters n kyø´dai ඕᘭ, (female sisters) shimai጗ግ brought up; gets ~ (is reared) sodachimásu ⫩ࡔࡱࡌ brow n 1. (eyebrow) máyu ┩ 2. (forehead) hitai 㢘 brown adj cha-iro (no/i) ⲌⰅ ࡡ࠷ bruise n uchímí ᡬࡔ㌗, dabokushø ᡬ᧖ഭ brush 1. n búrashi ࣇࣚࢨ, haké ࡢࡄ࣬ใẗ; (for writing or painting) fude ➱ 2. v ~es aside haraimásu ᡮ࠷ࡱࡌ; brush up n burasshu appu ࣇࣚࢴࢨࣖ࢓ࢴࣈ brutal adj mugói ࡳࡇ࠷, zankoku (na) ṟ㓖࡝ , zangyaku (na) ṟ ⹚࡝ , zannin (na) ṟᚰ࡝ brutality n mugósa ࡳࡇࡈ, zankoku ṟ㓖, zangyaku ṟ⹚ bubble n awá ἳ, abukú ࠵ࡩࡂ; (soap) shabon-dama ࢨࣔ࣍ࣤ⋚; bubble gum n füsen-gámu 㢴⯢࣑࢝ bucket n 1. baketsu ࣁࢢࢵ 2. (rice) (o-)hachi ࠽ 㖂, (o-)hitsu ࠽ ࡥࡗ࣬࠽ᷤ, meshi-bitsu 㣜ࡦࡗ ࣬㣜ᷤ buckle n shime-gane ⥶ࡴ㔘, bákkuru ࣁࢴࢠࣜ buckwheat n soba ࡐࡣ࣬ⶻ㯇 bud n 1. (of leaf) mé ⰾ 2. (of flower) tsubomi ࡗ࡯ࡲ࣬ⷛ Buddha n Hotoke(-sámá) ௕ᵕ , (Sakyamuni) Shaka 㔐㏉ =



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Buddhism



O-shakasama ࠽㔐㏉ᵕ; (statue of Buddha) Butsu-zø ௕ാ Buddhism n Bukkyø ௕ᩅ Buddhist n Bukkyø-to ௕ᩅᚈ; Buddhist priest n (o-)bø-san ࠽ ᆎࡈࢆ, sø´ryo ൒౵, [INFORMAL] bø´zu ᆎ୹; Buddhist temple n (o-) terá ࠽ ᑈ budget n yosan ஢⟤ bug n mushi ⹰࣑࣬ࢨ bugle n rappa ࣚࢴࣂ build v (erects) tatemásu ᘋ࡙ ࡱࡌ, ki-zukimásu ⠇ࡀࡱࡌ; (creates) tsukurimásu ㏸ࡽࡱࡌ; køsaku shimásu ᕝషࡊࡱࡌ; body ~ taikaku మ᰹; builder n (person) kenchiku-sha ᘋ⠇⩽; kenchiku-gyøsha ᘋ⠇ᴏ⩽; building n taté-mono ᘋ∸, bíru



bump n 1. (swelling) kobú ࡆ ࡩ࣬⒏; (with) ~s bótsubotsu (ga dekite) ࡯ࡗ࡯ࡗ࠿࡚ࡀ࡙ 2. (in road) dekoboko ࡚ࡆ࡯ࡆ࣬ ปผ; bump into v ... ni butsukarimásu ... ࡞ࡩࡗ࠾ࡽࡱࡌ;



(happens to meet) de-aimásu



ฝఌ࠷ࡱࡌ bun n (steamed) manjü ࡱࢆࡋࡸ ࠹; (beanjam-stuffed) an-man ࠵ ࢆࡱࢆ bunch n 1. (cluster) fusá ᡛ 2. (pile) yamá ᒜ 3. (bundle) tába ᮨ 4. (group) muré ⩄ࡿ bundle n tsutsumí ໜࡲ; (bunch) tába ᮨ bungalow n (cottage) bangarø ࣁ࣭ࣤ࢝ࣞ bungle 1. n héma ࡫ࡱ 2. v héma ࣄࣜ o shimásu ࡫ࡱࢅࡊࡱࡌ bulb n tamá ⋚; light ~ denkyü bunk n (bed) shindai ᐱྋ 㞹⌣ bunny n (rabbit) usagi (chan) ࢗࢦ bulge n fukurami ࡨࡂࡼࡲ࣬ ࢟ࡔࡶࢆ burden n ní Ⲭ, (on one’s mind) ⭶ࡼࡲ bulk n økisa ኬࡀࡈ, kasá ࠾ࡈ omo-ni 㔔Ⲭ bull n 1. (bullshit) baka/mudabureau n 1. (department) kyóku bánashi ࡣ࠾↋㥇ヨ, (bragging) ᑻ, ...-kyoku ... ᑻ 2. (chest) hóra ࡮ࡼ࣬࣌ࣚ 2. o-ushi 㞕∭ tansu ࡒࢆࡌ࣬⟰➙ bulldozer n burudózå ࣇࣜࢺ࣭ bureaucracy n kanryø-seido ᏻേ ࢧ࣭ โᗐ bullet n tamá ᙆ, [BOOKISH] burglar n dorobø ἶᲤ࣬࡜ࢀ࡯࠹ burial n maisø ᇔⴷ dangan ᙆ୷ bulletin n keiji ᥎♟ burn 1. v (it ~s) yakemásu ↕ࡄࡱ bullet train n shinkánsen ᩺ᖷ⥲ ࡌ; (fire ~s) moemásu ⇖࠻ࡱࡌ bullfight(ing) n tøgyü 㜒∭ 2. v (~s it) yakimásu ↕ࡀࡱࡌ; bully n (children) ijimekko ࠷ࡋ (~s a fire; wood, coal) takimásu ࡴࡖᏄ ↇࡀࡱࡌ, (~s a light) tomoshi-



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by



másu ࡛ࡵࡊ>Ⅴࡊ@ࡱࡌ 3. n (on the skin) yakedo ࡷࡄ࡜࣬ ℾഭ burp n geppu (o shimásu) ࡅࡖࡪ ࢅࡊࡱࡌ burst v (it bursts) yaburemásu ◒ ࡿࡱࡌ, (explodes) bakuhatsu shimásu ⇷Ⓠࡊࡱࡌ; (~s it) yaburimásu ◒ࡽࡱࡌ; ~ out tobidashimásu 㣍ࡦฝࡊࡱࡌ bury v uzumemásu ࠹ࡍࡴࡱࡌ࣬ ᇔࡴࡱࡌ, umemásu ᇔࡴࡱࡌ; gets buried uzumarimásu ࠹ࡍࡱ ࡽࡱࡌ࣬ᇔࡱࡽࡱࡌ, umarimásu ᇔࡱࡽࡱࡌ bus n básu ࣁࢪ; bus stop n teiryüjo ೳ⏻ᡜ; básu nori-ba ࣁࢪ஋ ࡽሔ bush n [BOOKISH] kanboku ₜᮄ ࣬Ⅎᮄ, shigemi Ⱪࡲ Bushido n bushi-dø Ṃኃ㐠 business n 1. (job) (o-)shígoto ࠽ ௘஥, bijinesu ࣄࢩࢾࢪ 2. (line of ~) shø´bai ၛ኉ 3. (office work) jímu ஥ຸ 4. (transaction) tórí-hiki ཱིࡽᘤ ࡀཱི࣬ᘤ 5. (errand) yøji ⏕஥, (go-)yø´ ࡇ ⏕, yø-táshí ⏕㊂ࡊ 6. (enterprise) jígyø ஥ᴏ, jitsugyo ᐁᴏ 7. (commerce) shø´gyø ၛᴏ; business hours n eigyø-jíkan ႜᴏ᫤㛣; businessman n jitsugyøka ᐁᴏᐓ, bijinesu-man ࣄࢩࢾ ࢪ࣏ࣤ bust → burst bustling adj nigíyaka (na) ࡞ࡁࡷ ࠾࣬㈨ࡷ࠾࡝



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busy adj isogashíi ࠷ࡐ࠿ࡊ࠷࣬ ᚹࡊ࠷, sewashíi ࡎࢂࡊ࠷࣬ᚹ ࡊ࠷, sewashí nai ࡎࢂࡊ࡝࠷; [BOOKISH] tabø (na) ኣᚹ࡝ but conj 1. [BOOKISH] shikáshi ࡊ࠾ࡊ, tokoró-ga ࡛ࡆࢀ࠿ 2. démo࡚ࡵ butcher (shop) n nikú-ya ⫏ᒁ butt 1. n (cigarette, cigar) suigara ྺ࠷࠿ࡼ 2. → buttock butter n bátå ࣁࢰ࣭, báta ࣁࢰ butterfly n chø´ ࡔࡺ࠹࣬⼎, chøchø ࡔࡺ࠹ࡔࡺ࠹࣬⼎ࠍ, chøcho ࡔࡺ࠹ࡔࡺ buttock n shirí ᑶo-shiri ࠽ᑶ ,



(mostly male [VERY INFORMAL]) ketsu ࡄࡗ࣬ᑶ࣬✨ button 1. n botan ࣍ࢰࣤ 2. v (~s it) ... no botan o kakemásu ... ࡡ ࣍ࢰࣤࢅ࠾ࡄࡱࡌ buxom n (full-bosomed) høman na mune (no) ㇇‫ࡡ⬒࡝‮‬, fukuyoka (na) ࡨࡂࡻ࠾࡝ buy v kaimásu ㈑࠷ࡱࡌ; motomemásu ịࡴࡱࡌ; ~ up kai-torimásu ㈑࠷ཱིࡽࡱࡌ buyer n 1. kai-te ㈑࠷ᡥ 2. (professional) báiyå ࣁ࢕࣭ࣕ buzz n 1. (phone call) denwa no yobidashi-on 㞹ヨࡡ࿣ࡦฝࡊ㡚 2. (rumor) uwasa ფ࣬࠹ࢂࡈ 3. (humming sound of insect) (mushi no) haoto ⹰ࡡ ⩒㡚 buzzer n búzå ࣇࢧ࣭ by prep (no later than) ... máde ni ... ࡱ࡚࡞; (means of) ... de ... ࡚; by and by → soon; by ... at the



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bye (-bye)



latest adv ... máde ni wa ... ࡱ࡚ ࡞ࡢ; by chance adv hyótto suruto ࡥࡺࡖ࡛ࡌࡾ࡛ , güzen (ni) ഃ↓࡞ , futo ࡨ࡛; by far adv zutto ࡍࡖ࡛; háruka (ni) ࡢࡾ࠾ ࡞ bye (-bye) → good-bye



bygone n kako no koto 㐛ཡࡡࡆ ࡛, sugita koto 㐛ࡁࡒࡆ࡛ bylaw n kisoku ぜ์ bypass n (highway, surgery) baipasu ࣁ࢕ࣂࢪ bystander n kenbutsu-nin ず∸ெ byte n (computer) baito ࣁ࢕ࢹ



C cab → taxi cabaret n kyábarë ࢞ࣔࣁ࣭ࣝ cabin n koya ᑚᒁ; (mountain lodge) yama-goya ᒜᑚᒁ cabinet n (government) náikaku හ㛮 cable n tsuná ⥐, kë´buru ࢢ࣭ࣇࣜ cable car n këburú-kå´ ࢢ࣭ࣇࣜ ࣭࢜ cable television n këburú-terebi ࢢ࣭ࣇࣜࢷࣝࣄ, yüsen-terebi ᭯⥲ࢷࣝࣄ cache n (computer) kyasshu ࢞ࣔࢴ ࢨࣖ cactus n saboten ࢦ࣍ࢷࣤ cadet n shikan køho sei ኃᏻು⿭⏍ cadge v nedarimásu ࡠࡓࡽࡱࡌ; takarimásu ࡒ࠾ࡽࡱࡌ cafe n (coffee shop) kissa-ten ႖Ⲍᗉ, kafe ࢜ࣆ࢘ cafeteria n kafeteria ࢜ࣆ࢘ࢷࣛ࢓, shokudø 㣏ᇸ caffeine n kafein ࢜ࣆ࢘࢕ࣤ cage n 1. (for bird) kago ࠾ࡇ࣬⡪, tori-kago 㫵࠾ࡇ࣬㫵⡪ 2. (for animal) orí ࠽ࡽ࣬ᷞ



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cahoots; in ~ with ... to takuránde ... ࡛௺>ࡒࡂࡼ@ࢆ࡚ Cairo n kairo ࢜࢕ࣞ cajole v odatemásu ࠽ࡓ࡙ࡱࡌ; kangen de damashimásu ⏉ゕ࡚ ࡓࡱࡊࡱࡌ㹺㥼ࡊࡱࡌ cake 1. n kë´ki ࢢ࣭࢞; (spongecake) kasutera ࢜ࢪࢷࣚ 2. n (o-) káshi ࠽ ⳣᏄ; (Japanese) wagáshi ࿰ⳣᏄ 3. n (rice cake) mochi ࡵࡔ࣬㣨 calamity n sainán ⅇ㞬, wazawai ⅇ࠷ calcium n karushium ࢜ࣜࢨ࣑ࢗ calculate v keisan shimásu ゛⟤ ࡊࡱࡌ calculator n keisán-ki ゛⟤ᶭ; desk ~ dentaku 㞹༜ calendar n koyomí ᬲ; karéndå ࢜ࣝࣤࢱ࣭ calf n 1. (young cow) ko-ushi Ꮔ∭ 2. (leg below the knee) fukurahagi ࡨࡂࡼࡢࡁ caliber n 1. (bore caliber) køkei ཾᙼ 2. (ability) sainø ᡧ⬗ calisthenics n biyø taisø ⨶ᐖమ᧧,



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cancel



jünan taisø ᯺㌶మ᧧ call 1. n (phone call) denwa 㞹ヨ 2. n (visit) hømon ゴၡ; (of solicitude) (o-)mimai ࠽ ず⯑ 3. v yobimásu ࿣ࡦࡱࡌ; (phone) denwa o shimásu 㞹ヨࢅࡊࡱࡌ 4. v (call on) → visit; call to mind → recall; call center n køru sentå



cameo n kameo ࣒࢛࢜ camera n kámera ࣒࢜ࣚ, shashínki ෕┷ᶭ camouflage n kamufuråju ࣑࢜ࣆࣚ ࣭ࢩࣖ camp 1. n kyánpu ࢞ࣔࣤࣈ; (bivouac) yaei 㔕ႜ 2. v kyánpu (o) shimásu ࢞ࣔࣤࣈࢅ ࡊࡱࡌ ࢤ࣭ࣜࢬࣤࢰ࣭ campaign n kyanpën ࣭࢞ࣔࣤ࣋ called; is called ... to iimásu ... ࡛ ࣤ, undø 㐘ິ camper n 1. (a person who camps) ゕ࠷ࡱࡌ caller n (visitor) raikyaku ᮮᐂ kyanpu (o) suru hito ࢞ࣔࣤࣈ calligraphy n shodø ᭡㐠; (handࢅ ࡌࡾெ 2. (vehicle) kyanpinwriting practice) (o-)shüji ࠽ gukå ࢞ࣔࣤࣅࣤࢡ࣭࢜, kyanpå ⩞Ꮚ ࢞ࣔࣤࣂ࣭ calling n 1. (vocation) shokugyø campsite n kyanpu-jø ࢞ࣔࣤࣈሔ; ⫃ᴏ 2. (summons) shøshü ྇㞗 yaei-chi 㔕ႜᆀ callous adj 1. (having calluses) campus n kyánpasu ࢞ࣔࣤࣂࢪ, táko no dekita ࡒࡆࡡ࡚ࡀࡒ (within the university) daigakú2. (insensitive, unfeeling) mukønai ኬᏕᵋහ; køtei ᰧᗖ shinkei (na) ↋♼⤊࡝ , mu-kan- can 1. n (tin can) kán ⧹࣬࠾ࢆ 2. ~s it v (kán ni) tsumemásu kaku (na) ↋វつ࡝ 3. (unsympathetic) mu-jø (na) ↋᝗࡝ ⧹࡞ ョࡴࡱࡌ; canned beer n callus n táko ࡒࡆ kan bíiru ⧹ࣄ࣭ࣜ calm adj (quiet) shízuka (na) 㟴 can modal v (can do it) (... ga) ࠾࣬ࡊࡍ࠾࡝ , odáyaka (na) ✔ dekimásu ... ࠿ ฝᮮࡱࡌ࡚࣬ࡀ ࡷ࠾࣬࠽ࡷࡓࡷ࡝ , reisei (na) ࡱࡌ, (suru) kotó ga dekimásu ෫㟴࡝ ; nódoka (na) ࡡ࡜࠾ ࡌࡾ ஥>ࡆ࡛@࠿ฝᮮࡱࡌ࡚࣬ࡀ ࡝ ; ~s down (regains compoࡱࡌ; (... ga) kanaimásu ... ࠿ ྑ࠷ࡱࡌ; can see (... ga) miesure) ochitsukimásu ⴘࡔ╌ࡀ ࡱࡌ másu ... ࠿ ず࠻ࡱࡌ; can hear calorie n karorii ࣭࢜ࣞࣛ (... ga) kikoemásu ... ࠿ ⪲ࡆ࠻ ࡱࡌ Cambodia n kanbojia ࢜ࣤ࣍ࢩ࢓ camcorder n bideo kámera ࣄࢸ Canada n Kánada ࢜ࢻࢱ ࢛࣒࢜ࣚ canal n únga 㐘ἑ came → come canary n kanari(y)a ࢜ࢻࣛ࢓>ࣕ@ camel n rakuda ࣚࢠࢱ cancel v tori-keshimásu ཱིࡽᾐࡊ



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cancellation



ࡱࡌ; keshimásu ᾐࡊࡱࡌ cancellation n tori-keshi ཱིࡽᾐࡊ; kyánseru ࢞ࣔࣤࢬࣜ; cancellation mark/stamp n keshi-in ᾐ༰ cancer n gán ࠿ࢆ࣬⒬; (lung) haigan ⫭࠿ࢆ࣬⫭⒬ candid adj sotchoku (na) ⋙├࡝ candidate n køhó-sha ು⿭⩽ candle n røsókú ࢀ࠹ࡐࡂ, kyándoru ࢞ࣔࣤࢺࣜ candor n socchoku (sa) ⋙├ࡈ candy n kyándii ࢞ࣔࣤࢸ࢔࣭, ame ࢓࣒࣬㣡; candy store n (o-)kashíya ࠽ ⳣᏄᒁ cane n (walking stick) sutékki ࢪࢷ ࢴ࢞; (staff) tsúe ᮣ canine n 1. (dog) inu ≗ 2. (~ teeth) kenshi ≗ṉ canister n yøki ᐖჹ, kan ⧹ cannibal n kanibaru ࢜ࢼࣁࣜ, hitokui ெ㣏࠷ cannon n taihø ኬ◑ cannot modal v [NEGATIVE] dekimasén ࡚ࡀ>ฝᮮ@ࡱࡎࢆ; (shi-)kiremasén ࡊ วࡿࡱࡎࢆ; ~ stand it gáman dekimasén ࠿ࡱ ࢆ>ᠻះ@࡚ࡀ>ฝᮮ@ࡱࡎࢆ, tamarimasén ࡒࡱࡽࡱࡎࢆ canoe n kanü ࢜ࢽ࣭ canon n (music) kanon ࢜ࢿࣤ canopy n tengai ኮ⵱࡙࣬ࢆ࠿࠷ cantaloupe n kantarøpu meron ࢜ࣤ ࢰ࣭ࣞࣈ࣒࣬ࣞࣤ canteen n shokudø 㣏ᇸ canvas n kyanbasu ࢞ࣔࣤࣁࢪ; canvas shoes n (sneakers) suniikå ࢪࢼ࣭࣭࢜



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canyon n kyøkoku ᓒㆺ࣬ࡀࡺ࠹ ࡆࡂ cap n 1. → hat 2. (of a pen) kyáppu ࢞ࣔࢴࣈ 3. (of a bottle) kyáppu ࢞ࣔࢴࣈ, økan ⋜෗ 4. (of a mushroom ) kása ࠾ࡈ࣬➗ capability n 1. (ability) nøryoku ⬗ງ 2. (possibility) kanø-sei ྊ ⬗ᛮ 3. (potential) shørai-sei ᑑᮮᛮ capable adj nøryoku ga aru ⬗ງ ࠿࠵ࡾ; yünø (na) ᭯⬗࡝ capacity n kyapa(sitii) ࢞ࣔࣂࢨ ࢷ࢔࣭ 1. (ability) nøryoku ⬗ ງ 2. (volume) yøseki ᐖ✒ cape n 1. (promontory) misaki ᒺ 2. (sleeveless garment) këpu ࢢ࣭ࣈ capital n 1. (city) shútó 㤫㒌 2. (money) shihon ㈠ᮇ capitalize v 1. (write or print in



capital letters) ømoji de kakimásu ኬᩝᏊ࡚᭡ࡀࡱࡌ 2. (supply with capital) shusshi shimásu ฝ㈠ࡊࡱࡌ capitulate v køfuku shimásu 㜾ఄ ࡊࡱࡌ, køsan shimásu 㜾ཤ ࡊࡱࡌ capsize v tenpuku shimásu ㌷さࡊ ࡱࡌ, tenpuku sasemásu ㌷さࡈ ࡎࡱࡌ capsule n kápuseru ࢜ࣈࢬࣜ captain n (army) táii ኬᑔ; (navy) taisa ኬఫ; (airplane) kichø´ ᶭ㛏; (ship) sénchø ⯢㛏 caption n kyapushon ࢞ࣔࣈࢨࣘࣤ 1. (situation) midashi ずฝࡊ



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carrier



2. (text of a speech of movie, etc) jimaku Ꮚᖞ 3. (explanation) setsumei bun ㄕ᪺ᩝ captivate v miwaku shimásu 㨡ᝠ ࡊࡱࡌ captive n horyo ᤍ⹥ capture v toraemásu ᤍࡼ࠻ࡱࡌ car n kuruma ㌬, jidø-sha ⮤ິ㌬; car park n chüsha-jø 㥌㌬ሔ carat n karatto ࢜ࣚࢴࢹ caravan n 1. taishø 㝪ၛ, kyaraban ࢞ࣔࣚࣁࣤ 2. (large vehicle) kyaraban-kå ࢞ࣔࣚࣁ࣭ࣤ࢜, kanpingu-kå ࢞ࣔࣤࣅࣤࢡ࣭࢜ carbon n tanso ⅛⣪; carbon dioxide n ni-sanka-tanso ஦㓗໩⅛⣪ carburetor n kyaburétå ࢞ࣔࣇࣝ ࢰ࣭ carcass n shitai Ṓమ, shigai Ṓ㦹 card n 1. fuda ᮈ, kå´do ࣭࢜ࢺ;



(playing card) toránpu (ichímai) ࢹࣚࣤࣈୌᯓ 2. (calling card, name card) meishi ྞๆ 3. (postcard) (o-)hágaki ࠽ ࡢ ࠿ࡀ࣬࠽ ⴝ᭡; New Year’s ~ nengajø ᖳ㈙≟ cardboard n børu-gami ࣭࣍ࣜ⣤; (corrugated) danbø´ru ṹ࣭࣍ࣜ cardiac 1. n (medicine) kyøshinzai ᙁᚨ๠ 2. adj shizø (no) ᚨ⮒ ࡡ cardigan n kådigan ࣭࢜ࢸ࢔࢝ࣤ care n (caution) yøjin ⏕ᚨ, nén ᛍ; (upkeep) te-iré ᡥථࡿ; take ~ of (a person) ... no (o)sewá o shimásu ... ࡡ࠽ ୠヨࢅࡊࡱࡌ, ... no mendø o mimásu ... ࡡ㟻



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಻ࢅずࡱࡌ; (a matter) ... o shóri shimásu ... ࢅฌ⌦ࡊࡱࡌ; care for v → like, love, want → look after career n (occupation) shokúgyø ⫃ᴏ; kyaria ࢞ࣔࣛ࢓; (history) rireki ᒓṌ carefree adj kiraku (na) Ẵᴞ࡝ , nónki (na) ࡡࢆࡀ࣬࿌Ẵ࡝ careful adj chüibukai Ἰណ῕࠷; is ~ ki o tsukemásu Ẵࢅ௛ࡄࡱࡌ; nén o iremásu ᛍࢅථࡿࡱࡌ careless adj mutón-chaku/-jaku (na) ↋㡳╌࡝ , zonzái (na) ࡑࢆ ࡉ࠷࡝ , taiman (na) ᛨះ࡝ , fuchü´i (na) ୘Ἰណ࡝ caress n, v aibu/høyø (shimásu) យ ᧑/ᢢ᧞ࡊࡱࡌ caretaker 1. n (custodian) kanrinin ⟮⌦ெ 2. (caregiver) kaigonin ௒㆜ெ, sewa-nin ୠヨெ carnival n kånibaru ࣭࢜ࢼࣁࣜ, shaniku-sai ㅨ⫏⚅ carp n (fish) kói ࢤ࢕࣬㩶; carp streamers n (for the Boys’ Festival) koi-nóbori ࡆ࠷ࡡ࡯ࡽ࣬㩶ࡡ ࡯ࡽ carpenter n dáiku ኬᕝ carpet n jü´tan ࡋࡸ࠹ࡒࢆ࣬⤟Ạ, kå´pétto ࣭࢜࣋ࢴࢹ carriage n 1. (four-wheeled horsedrawn passenger) basha 㤷㌬ 2. (transporting) unpan 㐘ᦑ 3. (movable part of a machine) (kikai no) kadøbu ᶭ᲌ࡡ ྊິ 㒂 4. (bearing) mi no konashi ㌗ࡡࡆ࡝ࡊ carrier n 1. (transportation) yusø



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carrot



㍲㏞, unsø 㐘㏞ 2. (of disease) hokin-sha ಕⳞ⩽, hoin-sha ಕᅄ ⩽ 3. (mail ~) yübin haitatsu-nin 㒉౼㒼㐡ெ 4. (newspaper ~) shinbun haitatsu-nin ᩺⪲㒼㐡ெ 5. (aircraft ~) køkü bokan ⯗✭ ẍ⯼, kübo ✭ẍ carrot n ninjin ࢼࣤࢩࣤ࣬ெཤ carry v 1. motte/tótte ikimásu ᣚ ࡖཱི࡙ࡖ࡙࠷ࡀࡱࡌ; (loads aboard) nosemásu ㍍ࡎࡱࡌ; (conveys) hakobimásu 㐘ࡦࡱࡌ 2. (dangling from the hand) sagemásu ᥞࡅࡱࡌ; (piggyback) oimásu ㇿ࠷ࡱࡌ, obuimásu ࠽ࡩ >ㇿࡩ@ ࠷ࡱࡌ; carry out (performs) okonaimásu ⾔࠷ࡱࡌ; (brings about) genjitsu-ka shimásu ⌟ᐁ ໩ࡊࡱࡌ carsick; gets ~ (kuruma ni) yoimásu ㌬࡞ 㓁࠷ࡱࡌ cart n teoshi-gúruma ᡥᢪࡊ㌬, daisha ྋ㌬ carton → box cartoon n manga ₌⏤࣏࣬ࣤ࢝㹺 ࡱࢆ࠿ cartridge n 1. (ink ~) kåtorijji ࣭࢜ ࢹࣛࢴࢩ 2. (~ in gun) danyakutø ᙆⷾ➼ carve v (inscribe) kizamimásu ็ ࡲࡱࡌ, horimásu ᙦࡽࡱࡌ carving n horí-mónó ᙦࡽ∸, (sculpture) chøkoku ᙦ็; carving knife n nikukiri-bø´chø ⫏วࡽໜ ୍; chøkokutø ᙦ็ภ cascade n (small waterfall) chiisana taki ᑚࡈ࡝⁢



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case n 1. (situation) ba(w)ai ሔ ྙ, ... wáke... ズ࣬ࢂࡄ, (event) ... dán ... ṹ; (matter) kotó ஥࣬ ࡆ࡛, jiken ஥௲, (particular instance) kë´su ࢢ࣭ࢪ 2. (box) hako ⟵; in this case kono ba(w)ai ࡆࡡሔྙ; in that case sorenára ࡐ ࡿ࡝ࡼ; (sore) déwa ࡐࡿ ࡚ࡢ, ja ࡋࡶ, jå ࡋࡶ࠵; in case of ... ni sái-shite... ࡞㝷ࡊ࡙; ... no båi/ tokí ni... ࡡሔྙ᫤࡞ cash 1. n (money) genkín ⌟㔘; petty ~ koguchi genkin ᑚཾ⌟㔘 2. n shøkin ㈱㔘; cashbook n genkin-suitø-chø ⌟㔘ฝ⣙ᖋ; cash card n kyasshu-kådo ࢞ࣔࢴ ࢨ࣭ࣖ࢜ࢺ 3. v (a check) genkín ni kaemásu ⌟㔘࡞࠾࠻ࡱ ࡌ㹺ᥦ࠻ࡱࡌ, genkín ni shimásu ⌟㔘࡞ࡊࡱࡌ 4. v (into smaller



bills/coins) komakáku shimásu ⣵࠾ࡂࡊࡱࡌ, kuzushimásu ࡂࡍ ࡊࡱࡌ࣬ᓻࡊࡱࡌ cashier n suitø-gákari ฝ⣙౿, réji-gákari ࣝࢩ౿ casino n kajino ࢜ࢩࢿ cask n taru ࡒࡾ࣬ᶙ casket n 1. (coffin) hitsugi ᳄࣬ࡥ ࡗࡁ 2. (jewel box) høseki-bako ᐀▴⟵ casserole n mushiyaki nabe ⵠࡊ ↕ࡀ࡝࡬ cassette n kasetto (tëpu) ࢜ࢬࢴ ࢹࢷ࣭ࣈ cast 1. n (throwing) hito nage ୌᢖࡅ 2. n (selecting actors, selected actors) kyasuto ࢞ࣔࢪ



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caution



ࢹ, haiyaku 㒼ᙲ 3. v (throw) nagemásu ᢖࡅࡱࡌ 4. v (select actors) kyasutingu shimásu ࢞ࣔ ࢪࢷ࢔ࣤࢡࡊࡱࡌ, haiyaku o kimemásu 㒼ᙲࢅỬࡴࡱࡌ castaway n 1. (shipwrecked person) hyøryü-sha ⁳Ὦ⩽ 2. (outcast) misuterareta hito ずᤖ࡙ࡼࡿࡒெ caste n kåsuto ࣭࢜ࢪࢹ castle n (o-)shiro ࠽ ᇖ; (name of certain) ...-jø ... ᇖ castrate n kyosei-sha ཡເ⩽ casual adj nanige-nái రẴ࡝࠷; kigaru (na) Ẵ㍅࡝ ; kajuaru (na) ࢜ࢩࣖ࢓ࣜ࡝ ; casual sex n yukizuri no sekkusu ⾔ࡀࡍࡽࡡ ࢬࢴࢠࢪ casualty n (injury, damage) higai ⿍ᐐ; (victim) higái-sha ⿍ᐐ⩽ cat n néko ⊟࣬ࢾࢤ catalog n katarogu ࢜ࢰࣞࢡ; mokuroku ┘㘋; (directory) meibo ྞ⡑ catalyst n shokubai よ፳ catapult n (airplane) funsha-ki ᄂ ᑏᶭ, kataparuto ࢜ࢰࣂࣜࢹ cataract n 1. (large waterfall) ookina taki ኬࡀ࡝⁢ 2. (ophthalmology) hakunai-shø Ⓣහ㝸 catastrophe n dai-sanji ኬᝲ஥, dai-saigai ኬⅇᐐ catch 1. v (seizes) tsukamaemásu ᤍࡱ࠻ࡱࡌ; torimásu ཱིࡽࡱࡌ; (attracts) hikimásu ᘤࡀࡱࡌ 2. v (a disease) (byøki ni) kakarimásu ⑋Ẵ࡞ ࠾࠾ࡽࡱ



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ࡌ 3. n a good ~ ⋋∸࣬࠻ࡵࡡ 4. n(trap) wanaࢂ࡝࣬࣠ࢻ 5. n (clasp) tomegane ⏻ࡴ㔘; catch a cold kaze o hikimásu ࠾ࡏ>㢴㑟@ ࢅࡥࡀࡱࡌ; catch-phrase kyacchi furëzu ࢞ࣔࢴࢲࣆ࣭ࣝࢫ; catch up (with) (... ni) oi-tsukimásu ... ࡞ ㏛࠷ࡗࡀࡱࡌ category n kategorii ࢜ࢷࢥ࣭ࣛ catering n (meal delivery) demae ฝ๑, këtaringu ࢢ࣭ࢰࣛࣤࢡ caterpillar n kemushi ẗ⹰࣬ࢢ࣑ࢨ cathedral n dai-seidø ኬ⪯ᇸ Catholic n Katoríkku (kyø) ࢜ࢹࣛ ࢴࢠᩅ , (person) Katoríkku kyøto ࢜ࢹࣛࢴࢠᩅᚈ cattle n (bulls and cows) ushi ∭࣬ࢗࢨ caucus n tøin shükai ඨဤ㞗ఌ cauldron n kama ࠾ࡱ࣬㔡 cauliflower n karifurawå ࢜ࣛࣆࣚ ࣭࣠ cause n (of an effect) gen’in ཋᅄ, moto ඔ; (negative effect) ... séi ... ࡎ࠷; (source) táne ⛸; (reason) wáke ズ, riyü ⌦⏜; (purpose, benefit) tame ࡒࡴ࣬Ⅵ; cause (one) concern/worry (... ni) shinpai o kakemásu ... ࡞ ᚨ㒼ࢅ࠾ࡄࡱ ࡌ; cause (one) trouble (... ni) méiwaku o kakemásu... ࡞ ㏖ ᝠࢅ࠾ࡄࡱࡌ caustic 1. n fushoku-zai ⭁㣏๠ 2. adj fushoku-sei (no) ⭁㣏ᛮࡡ caution 1. n yøjin ⏕ᚨ; (precaution) yø´i ⏕ណ, nén ᛍ; as (a word of) ~ nen no tamé (ni) ᛍࡡ



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cautious



ࡒࡴ>Ⅵ@࡞ 2. v (warns) keikai shimásu ㆑ᠼࡊࡱࡌ cautious adj yøjin-bukái ⏕ᚨ῕࠷ cavalry n 1. (horsemen) kihei-tai 㥵ඹ㝪 2. (military) kikø-butai ᶭ⏝㒂㝪 cave n hora-ana ὕ✨࣬࡮ࡼ✨, hórá ὕ࣬࡮ࡼ; ... -dø ... ὕ cavern n dai-døkutsu ኬὕ❅ caviar n (roe) kábia ࢞ࣔࣄ࢓ cavity n 1. (hole) ana ✨ 2. (hollow area) küdø ✭ὕ 3. (tooth ~) mushiba ⹰ṉ cease v yamimásu ࡷࡲࡱࡌ㹺Ḿࡲ ࡱࡌ, taemásu ⤧࠻ࡱࡌ ceasefire n teisen ೳᡋ ceaseless adj taemanai ⤧࠻㛣࡝࠷ cedar; cryptomeria, Japanese ~ n sugi ᮙ࣬ࢪ࢟ cede v yuzurimásu ㆙ࡽࡱࡌ ceiling n tenjø ኮ஬ celeb, celebrity n serebu ࢬࣝࣇ, yümei-jin ᭯ྞெ celebrate v iwaimásu ♻࠷ࡱࡌ celebration n (party) (o-)iwai ࠽ ♻࠷ celery n sérori ࢬࣞࣛ; Japanese ~ údo ࢗࢺ࣬≺Ὡ celestial adj ten (no) ኮࡡ , tentai (no) ኮమࡡ celibate 1. n (single person/ people) dokushin-sha ≺㌗⩽ 2. adj dokushin (no) ≺㌗ࡡ cell n 1. (biology) saibø ⣵⬂ 2. (prison) dokubø ≺ᡛ, røya ∴ᒁ cellar n (storehouse) kurá ಲ࣬ⶮ; (basement) chiká-shitsu ᆀୖᐄ



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cello n chéro ࢲ࢘ࣞ cellophane n sérohan ࢬࣞࣀࣤ Celt n 1. (a Celt) keruto-jin ࢢࣜ ࢹெ 2. (ethnic) keruto-zoku ࢢࣜࢹ᪐ cement n semento ࢬ࣒ࣤࢹ; cement floor n tatakí ࡒࡒࡀ cemetery n haka-bá ቉ሔ, bóchi ቉ᆀ cenotaph n (senbotsu-sha) kinenhi ᡋἈ⩽ エᛍ◻ censor 1. n ken’etsu-kan ᳠㛸ᏻ 2. v ken’etsu shimásu ᳠㛸ࡊࡱࡌ censure 1. n (blame) hínan 㟸㞬 2. v (blames one) hínan shimásu 㟸㞬ࡊࡱࡌ, sememásu ㈈ࡴࡱࡌ census n kokusei-chøsa ᅗເㄢᰕ cent n sénto ࢬࣤࢹ; percent påsénto ࣂ࣭ࢬࣤࢹ centennial n hyakushünen Ⓤ࿔ᖳ center n mannaka ┷ࢆ୯࣬ࡱࢆ ࡝࠾, chüø ୯ኳ, chüshin ୯ᚨ; (institution) séntå ࢬࣤࢰ࣭ centigrade n sésshi ᦜẮ, seshi ࢬẮ; ... -do ... ᗐ centimeter n sénchi ࢬࣤࢲ, senchi-më´toru ࢬࣤࢲ࣒࣭ࢹࣜ centipede n mukade ࣑࢜ࢸ࣬Ⓤ㊂ central adj mannaka no ┷ࢆ୯ࡡ ࣬ࡱࢆ࡝࠾ࡡ, chüshin no ୯ᚨ ࡡ, chüø no ୯ኳࡡ; Central America n chübei ୯⡷, chüø-amerika ୯ኳ ࢓࣒ࣛ࢜; central office n hónbu ᮇ㒂 century n séiki ୠ⣎ ceramics n seramikku ࢬ࣐ࣚࢴࢠ; (ceramic art) tøgei 㝙ⰹ; (ceramic ware) tø´ki 㝙ჹ; (pottery) yaki-



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change



mono ↕ࡀ∸ ⭔᤻ࡄ cereal n kokúmotsu ✈∸, kokúrui chalet n sharë ࢨ࣭ࣔࣝ, sansø ᒜⲦ ✈㢦; siriaru ࢨࣛ࢓ࣜ chalk n chø´ku ࢲ࣭ࣘࢠ cerebral adj nø (no) ⬳ࡡ challenge 1. n chárenji ࢲࣔࣝࣤࢩ, ceremony n shikí ᘟ, gíshiki ൢᘟ chøsen ᣦᡋ 2. v (tries) idomiwedding ~ kekkon-shiki ⤎፡ᘟ másu ᣦࡲࡱࡌ, chárenji shimásu certain adj táshika (na) ☔࠾࣬ࡒࡊ ࢲࣔࣝࣤࢩࡊࡱࡌ; (tests) tame࠾࡝ ; kakujitsu (na) ☔ᐁ࡝ shimásu ムࡊࡱࡌ; challenger n certainly adv mochíron ࡵࡔࢀࢆ࣬ charenjå ࢲࣔࣝࣤࢩ࣭ࣔ, ໗ㄵ; táshika ni ☔࠾࡞; mása-ni chøsen-sha ᣦᡋ⩽ ࡱࡈ࡞ chamber 1. n (room) heya 㒂ᒁ certificate n shømei-sho チ᪺᭡ 2. n (meeting hall) kaigi-shitsu certification n shømei チ᪺ ఌ㆗ᐄ 3. n (compartment in a certified adj kønin (no) පヾࡡ ; firearm) yakushitsu ⷾᐄ 4. n certified public accountant (CPA) n (palace room) ø-shitsu ⋜ᐄ 5. n (legislative hall) giin ㆗㝌 kønin-kaikéishi පヾఌ゛ኃ cervical adj shikyü-keibu (no) Ꮔ 6. v (enclose bullets) tama o ᐋ㡹㒂ࡡ ࣬Ꮔᐋࡄ࠷㒂ࡡ komemásu ᙆࢅࡆࡴࡱࡌ cesarean n teiø-sekkai ᖀ⋜ว㛜 chameleon n kamereon ࣒࢛࢜ࣝࣤ cesspool n osui-dame ỗỀ‸ࡴ࣬ champagne n shanpán ࢨࣔࣤࣂࣤ, ỗỀࡓࡴ, gesui-dame ୖỀ‸ࡴ shanpén ࢨࣔࣤ࣋ࣤ ࣬ୖỀࡓࡴ champion n yüshø-sha ඁົ⩽, Ceylon n Seiron ࢬ࢕ࣞࣤ = Sri chanpion ࢲࣔࣤࣅ࢛ࣤ; (sumo Lanka Suriránka ࢪࣛࣚࣤ࢜ wrestler) ø´-zeki ኬ㛭; grand ~ chafe v surimukimásu ࡌࡽࡳࡀ sumo wrestler yokozuna ᶋ⥐; championship n senshu-ken 㐽ᡥᶊ ࡱࡌ chaff n momigara ࡵࡲṾ࣬ࡵࡲ chance n 1. (opportunity) kikái ᶭ ࠿ࡼ ఌ, chánsu ࢲࣔࣤࢪ 2. (impulse) chagrin n kuyashisa ᜴ࡊࡈ࣬ࡂࡷ hazumi ᙆࡲ → by chance chancellor n (minister) daijin ኬ⮟ ࡊࡈ chain n kusari 㙈࣬ࡂࡈࡽ, chën change 1. n (small money) kozeni ࢲ࣭࢘ࣤ; (linked) in a ~ tsunaᑚ㖱, komakái (o)kane ⣵࠾࠷ gatte ࡗ࡝࠿ࡖ࡙; chain smoker n ࠽ 㔘 2. n (money returned) chën sumøkå ࢲ࣭࢘ࣤࢪ࣓࣭࢜ o-tsuri ࠽㔦ࡽ࣬࠽ࡗࡽ, tsuri-sen ࣭; chain store n chën-ten ࢲ࣭࢘ 㔦ࡽ㖱 3. n hénka ን໩; (in ࣤᗉ, chën sutoa ࢲ࣭࢘ࣤࢪࢹ࢓ health) o-kawari ࠽ንࢂࡽ; chair n isu ᳌Ꮔ࣬࢕ࢪ, koshi-káké (abnormality) ijø ␏ᖏ 4. v it ~s 377



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kawarimásu ንࢂࡽࡱࡌ; hénka daihyø-teki (na) ௥⾪Ⓩ࡝ ; shimásu ን໩ࡊࡱࡌ; utsurimásu (specific) koyü (no) ᅖ᭯ࡡ , ⛛ࡽࡱࡌ 5. v ~s it kaemásu ን tokuchø-teki (na) ≁ᚡⓏ࡝ ࠻ࡱࡌ; aratamemásu ᨭࡴࡱࡌ charade n misekake ずࡎ࠾ࡄ 6. v (clothes) kigaemásu ╌᭨ charcoal n sumí ⅛࣬ࢪ࣐, ࠻ࡱࡌ 7. v (train, bus, plane) mokután ᮄ⅛ nori-kaemásu ஋ࡽᥦ࠻ࡱࡌ; for charge 1. n (fee) ryøkin ᩩ㔘, a change adj kibun-tenkan (ni) daikin ௥㔘, (with fee) yüryø Ẵฦ㌷ᥦ࡞ , ikinuki (ni) ᜝ᢜ (no) ᭯ᩩࡡno ~ muryø (no) ↋ᩩࡡ , [INFORMAL] tada (no) ࡀ࡞ changeable n køi-shitsu ᭞⾨ᐄ ࡒࡓࡡ  2. n in ~ (teacher) channel n 1. (for radio or televitannin ᢰ௴; tantø ᢰᙔ; takes/ accepts (is in) ~ of ... o tannin/ sion) channeru ࢲࣔࣤࢾࣜ 2. kaikyø ᾇᓒ; suiro Ề㊨ tantø shimásu ... ࢅᢰ௴ᢰᙔࡊ chant v utaimásu ḯ࠷>ㅬ࠷@ࡱࡌ ࡱࡌ, uke-mochimásu ུࡄᣚࡔ chaos n kaosu ࢛࢜ࢪ, muchitsujo ࡱࡌ 3. n (an attack) shügeki ↋⛓ᗆ, konton Ίỹ ぇᦹ 4. v seikyü shimásu ㄫị chap n 1. (crack) hibi ࡥࡦ 2. ࡊࡱࡌ 5. v (attacks) shügeki (capped skin) akagire ࠵࠾ࡁࡿ shimásu ぇᦹࡊࡱࡌ 6. v (fill 3. (fellow) yatsu ࡷࡗ or furnish rechargeable public chapel n chaperu ࢲࣔ࣋ࣜ, reihai- transport card) chåji shimásu ࢲ ࣭ࣔࢩࡊࡱࡌ, (cellphone) jüden dø ♡ᣇᇸ chapter n (book) shø ❮, chaputå shimásu ඖ㞹ࡊࡱࡌ ࢲࣔࣈࢰ࣭ charitable adj jizen (no) ិၻࡡ char v 1. become charred kogecharity n hodokoshi ᪃ࡊ, jizen másu ↌ࡅࡱࡌ 2. ~s it kogashi- ិၻ, charitii ࢲࣔࣛࢷ࢔࣭; másu ↌࠿ࡊࡱࡌ (mercy) megumi ᜠࡲ; charity concert n charitii konsåto ࢲࣔࣛࢷ character n 1. (quality) seishitsu ᛮ㈹ 2. (personal traits) seikaku ࢔࣭ࢤࣤࢦ࣭ࢹ ᛮ᰹, kosei ಴ᛮ 3. (written) jí charm 1. v (…o) uttori-sasemásu Ꮚ, móji ᩝᏊ; Chinese ~ kanji ࠹ࡖ࡛ࡽࡈࡎࡱࡌ 2. n (good₆Ꮚ 4. (part or role in a play luck piece) o-mamori ࠽Ꮼࡽ; or film) kyarakuta ࢞ࣔࣚࢠࢰ, (attraction) miryoku 㨡ງ chart n zuhyø ᅒ⾪, zu ᅒ, chåto kyarakutå ࢞ࣔࣚࢠࢰ࣭ characteristic 1. n (an earmark) ࢲ࣭ࣔࢹ tokushoku ≁Ⰵ, (a distinguishing charter n tokkyo jø ≁ス≟, chåtå ~) tokuchø ≁ᚡ 2. adj (typical) ࢲ࣭ࣔࢰ࣭ 378



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chase v oi-kakemásu ㏛࠷࠾ࡄࡱ ࡌ, oimásu ㏛࠷ࡱࡌ, [FORMAL] tsuisekishimásu ㏛㊟ࡊࡱࡌ chaste adj teisetsu (na) ㇾ⟿࡝ , junsui (na) ⣟⢃࡝ chastise v korashimemásu ᠤࡼࡊ ࡴࡱࡌ chat 1. n oshaberi ࠽ࡊࡶ࡬ࡽ࣬ ࠽ႁࡽ, sekenbánashi ୠ㛣ヨ, muda-banashi ↋㥇ヨ, zatsudan 㞟ㄧ 2. v oshaberi o shimásu ࠽ࡊࡶ࡬ࡽ࣬࠽ႁࡽࢅࡊࡱࡌ chatter v shaberimásu ࡊࡶ࡬ࡽࡱ ࡌ࣬ႁࡽࡱࡌ chauffeur n okakae unténshu ࠽ᢢ ࠻㐘㌷ᡥ chauvinism n 1. (aggressive patrio-



chemisty



shimásu ࢲ࢘ࢴࢠࡊࡱࡌ; (inspects) kénsa shimásu ᳠ᰕ ࡊࡱࡌ, (compares) terashimásu ↯ࡼࡊࡱࡌ; check in (registers) chekkúin shimásu ࢲ࢘ࢴࢠ࢕ ࣤࡊࡱࡌ; check out (of hotel) chekkuáuto shimásu ࢲ࢘ࢴࢠ࢓ ࢗࢹࡊࡱࡌ checkpoint kenmon-jo ᳠ၡᡜ check-up n 1. kénsa ᳠ᰕ 2. (med-



ical checkup) kenkø shindan ೸ᗛタ᩷ cheek n hø´ 㢃࣬࡮࠽, hoho 㢃࣬ ࡮࡮ cheeky adj namaiki (na) ⏍ណẴ ࡝ cheer n øen ᚺᥴ; ~ for øenshimásu ᚺᥴࡊࡱࡌ cheerful adj (in a good mood) kigen ga íi ᶭ᎒࠿࠷࠷, (full of energy) genki ga ii ඔẴ࠿࠷࠷,



tism) kyøshin-teki aikokushin ≤ಘⓏយᅗᚨ 2. (sexism) seisabetsu shugi ᛮᕣื୹⩇ cheap adj yasúi Ꮽ࠷ cheat v (deceives) damashimásu (merry, blitheful) hogáraka (na) ࡓࡱࡊࡱࡌ࣬㥼ࡊࡱࡌ, gomaka- ᭹ࡼ࠾࣬࡮࠿ࡼ࠾࡝ cheerleader n (female) chia gåru shimásu ࡇࡱ࠾ࡊࡱࡌ; (disࢲ࢓࣭࢝ࣜ sembles, shirks, tricks) zúru o Cheers interj 1. (See you later) shimásu ࡍࡾ>ࢫࣜ@ࢅࡊࡱࡌ; (on one’s spouse) futei o hatara- mata (ne) ࡱࡒࡠ 2. (toast) kanpai! ஜ᮴ kimásu ୘ㇾࢅࡢࡒࡼࡀࡱࡌ check 1. n (bank) kogítte ᑚว cheese n chíizu ࢲ࣭ࢫ ᡥ, chékku ࢲ࢘ࢴࢠ 2. n (chit) chef n shefu ࢨ࢘ࣆ, ryøri chø ᩩ ⌦㛏, (chef of Japanese food) fuda ᮈ 3. n (pays money at the restaurant)(o-)kanjø ࠽ ື itamae(-san) ᯀ๑ࡈࢆ ᏽ, denpyø ఎ⚂, (o-)aisó, (o-) chemicals n kagaku-séihin ໩Ꮥ aisø ࠽ ࠵࠷ࡐ࠹ ࣬࠽ យ᝷ ⿿ဗ; (pharmaceuticals) yakuhin 4. v ~ it (baggage) azukemásu ⷾဗ, kagaku-yakuhin ໩Ꮥⷾဗ 㡰ࡄࡱࡌ 5. (investigates) chemistry n kágaku ໩Ꮥ, bakeshirabemásu ㄢ࡬ࡱࡌ, chékku gaku ໩Ꮥ 379



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chemotherapy



chemotherapy n kagaku ryøhø ໩Ꮥ ⒢Ἢ cherish v daijí ni shimásu ኬ஥ ࡞ࡊࡱࡌ, [FORMAL] chø´hø shimásu 㔔᐀ࡊࡱࡌ, chøhøgarimásu 㔔᐀࠿ࡽࡱࡌ cherry n (tree) sakura no ki ᱔ࡡ ᮄ; (fruit) sakuranbo ࢦࢠࣚࣤ࣍ ࣬᱔ࢆ࡯ cherry blossoms n sakura (no haná) ᱔ࡡⰴ chess n 1. chesu ࢲ࢘ࢪ 2. (Japanese chess) shøgi ᑑᲞ chest n 1. (of body) muné ⬒ 2. (box) hako ⟵; (drawers) tansu ࡒࢆࡌ࣬ࢰࣤࢪ chestnut n kurí ᰡ࣬ࢠࣛ chew v kamimásu ჱࡲࡱࡌ࣬ ࠾ࡲࡱࡌ; ~ the fat (idly talk) daberimásu ࡓ࡬ࡽࡱࡌ࣬㥇ᘒ ࡽࡱࡌ chic adj shikku (na) ࢨࢴࢠ࡝ , iki (na) ⢃࡝ , jøhin (na) ୕ ဗ࡝ chicken n tori 㭔࣬ࢹࣛ, niwatori 㭔࣬ࢼ࣠ࢹࣛ; skewered grilled ~ yaki-tori ↕ࡀ㫵࣬ࡷࡀ࡛ࡽ chide v (rebukes) tashinamemásu ࡒࡊ࡝ࡴࡱࡌ, shikarimásu ྌࡽ ࡱࡌ chief 1. n (head) chø 㛏, chøkan 㛏ᏻ, chiifu ࢲ࣭ࣆ, (ringleader) óyá-bun のฦ 2. adj (main) shuyø (na) ୹こ࡝ , ómo na ୹ ࡝, hon-... ᮇ... child n kodomo Ꮔ౩࣬ࡆ࡜ࡵ࣬ Ꮔ࡜ࡵ, ko Ꮔ, (elementary



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school student) jídø ඡ❲; your ~ o-ko-san/sama ࠽Ꮔࡈࢆࡈ ࡱ࣬ᵕ childish adj osanái ᖺ࠷; yøchi (na) ᖺ⛮࡝ ; kodomoppoi Ꮔ౩ ࡖࡰ࠷ childlike adj kodomo rashii Ꮔ౩ࡼ ࡊ࠷; junshin (na) ⣟┷࡝ children n kodomó-tachi Ꮔ౩ ࡒࡔ; Children’s Day (5 May) Kodomo no hí ࡆ࡜ࡵࡡ᪝࣬Ꮔ ౩ࡡ᪝ chili n chiri ࢲࣛ; chili pepper n chiri peppå ࢲࣛ࣋ࢴࣂ࣭, tøgarashi ࢹࢗ࢝ࣚࢨ࣬၄㎖Ꮔ chill v ~ it hiyashimásu ෫ࡷࡊ ࡱࡌ chilly adj samúi ᐨ࠷, hieru ෫࠻ࡾ chime n chaimu ࢲࣔ࢕࣑ chimney n entotsu ↦✲࣬࠻ࢆ࡛ࡗ chimpanzee n chinpanjii ࢲࣤࣂࣤ ࢩ࣭ chin n agó ࠵ࡇ࣬㢙 China n Chü´goku ୯ᅗ Chinatown n Chaina taun ࢲࣔ࢕ࢻ ࢰࢗࣤ china(ware) n (porcelain) setomono ℡ᡖ∸ Chinese n (language) Chugokugo ୯ᅗㄊ; (person) Chugokú-jin ୯ᅗெ Chinese; Chinese cabbage n (bok choi) hakusai Ⓣ⳧࣬ࣀࢠࢦ࢕; Chinese character n kanji ₆Ꮚ, jí Ꮚ; Chinese cooking n chüka-ryø´ri ୯ ⳱ᩩ⌦; Chinese noodles n (with soup) rå´men ࣭࣒ࣚࣤ, chüka-



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cigar



men ୯⳱㯕 chip n (of wood) kóppá ᮄࡖ❻; (crack) kizu ഭ; (electronic engineering) chippu ࢲࢴࣈ chips n (potato chip) poteto chippusu ࣎ࢷࢹࢲࢴࣈࢪ chirp n saezuri ࡈ࠻ࡍࡽ chisel n nómi ࢿ࣐ chlorine n énso ሲ⣪ chocolate n choko(rë´to) ࢲࣘࢤ ࣭ࣝࢹ ; chocolate bar n itachoko ᯀࢲࣘࢤ choice n (selection) sentaku 㐽ᢝ choir n 1. (chorus group) gasshødan ྙ၌ᅆ 2. (chorus group in church) seika-tai ⪯ḯ㝪 choke v 1. (he ~s) íki ga tsumarimásu ᜝࠿ࡗࡱࡽࡱࡌ㹺ョ ࡱࡽࡱࡌ 2. (~s him) ... no íki o tomemásu ... ࡡ᜝ࢅḾࡴࡱࡌ cholera n kórera ࢤࣝࣚ cholesterol n koresuterøru ࢤࣝࢪ ࢷ࣭ࣞࣜ choose v 1. [INFORMAL] erabimásu ࠻ࡼࡦࡱࡌ㹺㐽ࡦࡱࡌ; [FORMAL] sentaku shimásu 㐽ᢝࡊࡱࡌ 2. (decides on) ... ni shimásu ... ࡞ ࡊࡱࡌ choosy adj yorigónomi ga hageshíi ࡻࡽይࡲ࠿ࡢࡅࡊ࠷㹺⃥ࡊ࠷, yorigónomi o shimásu ࡻࡽይࡲ ࢅࡊࡱࡌ chop 1. v (chops it) kizamimásu ็ࡲࡱࡌ; (fire wood) (takigi o) warimásu ⷼࢅ๪ࡽࡱࡌ 2. n (signature seal) hankó ࡢࢆࡆ, hán ࡢࢆ࣬ึ



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chopsticks n (o-)háshi ࠽ ࡢࡊ㹺 ࠽ ⟺ chord n 1. (music) waon ࿰㡚; (guitar chord) kødo ࢤ࣭ࢺ 2. (emotion) kokoro no kinsen ᚨࡡ⌾⥲ chore n zatsuyø 㞟⏕ choreography n furitsuke ᣲࡽ௛ࡄ chorus n kø´rasu ࢤ࣭ࣚࢪ, (music



sang by a group) gasshø-kyoku ྙ၌᭜, (group of singers) gasshø-dan ྙ၌ᅆ Christ n Kirisuto ࢞ࣛࢪࢹ Christian 1. adj Kirisuto-kyø no ... ࢞ࣛࢪࢹᩅࡡ... 2. n (Kirisutokyø no) shínjá ࢞ࣛࢪࢹᩅࡡ ಘ⩽ Christianity n Kirisuto-kyø ࢞ࣛࢪ ࢹᩅ Christmas n Kurísúmasu ࢠࣛࢪ ࣏ࢪ; Christmas Eve n kurisumasu ibu ࢠࣛࢪ࣏ࢪ࢕ࣇ chronic adj mansei (no) ះᛮࡡ chronological adj nendai-jun (no) ᖳ௥㡨ࡡ chrysanthemum n kikú ⳝ࣬࢞ࢠ; (tasty leaves) garland ~ shungiku ᫋ⳝ࣬ࢨࣖࣤ࢟ࢠ chubby adj fukkurashita ࡨࡖࡂࡼ ࡊࡒ, futome (no) ኯࡴࡡ chuck v 1. (throws) nagemásu ᢖ ࡅࡱࡌ 2. (tosses) hørimásu ᨲ ࡽࡱࡌ church n kyøkai ᩅఌ cigar n shígå ࢨ࣭࢝, ha-maki ⴝ ᕬ; cigar shop/store n tabako-ya ࡒ ࡣࡆᒁ



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cigarette



cigarette n tabako ࡒࡣࡆ࣬ࢰࣁࢤ 㹺↦ⲙ, maki-tábako ᕬࡀࡒࡣࡆ, shígarétto ࢨ࢝ࣝࢴࢹ; cigarette/ cigar butt n suigara ྺ࠷Ṿ; cigarette lighter n raitå ࣚ࢕ࢰ࣭ cinder(s) n moegara ⇖࠻࠿ࡼ cinema → movies cinnamon n shinamon ࢨࢻ࣓ࣤ cipher n 1. (zero) zero ࢭࣞ࣬㞵 2. (secret code) angø ᬧྒ circle 1. n maru ୷, én ළ, (ring) wá ㍧, (orbit) kidø ㌮㐠 2. v maru/en de kakomimásu ୷ළ ࡚ᅑࡲࡱࡌ circular adj kanjø (no) ⎌≟ࡡ circulate v (it ~s) mawarimásu ᅂ ࡽࡱࡌ; (~s it) mawashimásu ᅂ ࡊࡱࡌ circumference n shü´i ࿔ᅑ, shühen ࿔㎮, enshü ළ࿔ circumstance n 1. ba(w)ai ሔྙ; kotó ஥࣬ࡆ࡛, ... wáke ... ズ࣬ ࢂࡄ, ... tokoró ... ᡜ࡛࣬ࡆࢀ 2. jijø ஥᝗, jøtai ≟ឺ, jøkyø ≟ Ἓ; yóshi ⏜࣬ࡻࡊ , ... shidai... ḗ➠࣬ࡊࡓ࠷ 3. yøsu ᵕᏄ࣬ࡻ ࠹ࡌ 4. (convenience) tsugø 㒌ྙ go-tsugø ࡇ㒌ྙ circus n så´kasu ࢦ࣭࢜ࢪ cistern n suisø Ềᵬ, chosui tanku ㈋Ềࢰࣤࢠ citation n inyø bun ᘤ⏕ᩝ cite v 1. (quotes) inyø shimásu ᘤ⏕ࡊࡱࡌ 2. (refers) genkyü shimásu ゕཀྵࡊࡱࡌ citizen n shímin ᕰẰ; (national) kokumin ᅗẰ



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citizenship n shimin-ken ᕰẰᶊ citrus n kankitsu-rui ࠾ࢆࡀࡗ㢦࣬ ᯷ᶪ㢦࣬࢜ࣤ࢞ࢵ㢦 city 1. n shí ᕰ, (town) machí ⏣, (metropolis) tóshi 㒌ᕰ, tokai 㒌 ఌ (dweller) tokái-jin 㒌ఌெ; city council n shi-gikai ᕰ㆗ఌ 2. adj (within the city) shí-nai (no) ᕰ හࡡ civilian n minkan no hito Ằ㛣ࡡ ெ, minkan-jin Ằ㛣ெ civilization n bummei ᩝ᪺, (culture) búnka ᩝ໩ claim 1. n (demands) yøkyü/seikyü こịㄫị 2. v (maintains) shuchø shimásu ୹ᘿࡊࡱࡌ, tonaemásu ၌࠻ࡱࡌ clamber v yojinoborimásu ࡻࡋⓇ ࡽࡱࡌ clamor 1. n (a ~) sáwagi 㥹ࡁ, kensø ႒㥹; 2. v (makes a ~) sawagimásu 㥹ࡁࡱࡌ࣬ࡈࢂࡁࡱࡌ clamorous adj søzøshii 㥹ࠍࡊ࠷ clamp 1. n (metal piece for fastening) tomegane ⏻ࡴ㔘 2. v



(fastens or fixes) koteishimásu ᅖᏽࡊࡱࡌ clan n ichizoku ୌ᪐, ikka ୌᐓ clandestine adj himitsu (no) ⛆ᐠ ࡡ clang 1. n gachan ࢝ࢲࣔࣤ 2. v



(rings loudly) (gachan to) narashimásu ࢝ࢲ࡛ࣔࣤ 㫾ࡼ ࡊࡱࡌ 3. v (sounds) narimásu 㫾ࡽࡱࡌ clap (one’s hands) v té o tatakimásu ᡥࢅ྄ࡀࡱࡌ, hákushu



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clinic



shimásu ᢷᡥࡊࡱࡌ ᤪ㝎ࡊࡱࡌ clarification n setsumei ㄕ᪺ clear 1. adj (bright) akarui ᪺ࡾ࠷; clarify v 1. (makes clear) akiraka (sunny) hárete imásu ᬍࡿ࡙࠷ ni shimásu ࠵ࡀࡼ࠾>᪺ࡼ࠾@࡞ ࡱࡌ, harete ... ᬍࡿࡒ ...; ࡊࡱࡌ 2. (becomes clear) (transparent) tømei (na) ㏩᪺ ࡝ 2. adj (evident) akíraka akiraka ni narimásu ࠵ࡀࡼ࠾ >᪺ࡼ࠾@࡞࡝ࡽࡱࡌ, hakkiri (na) ᪺ࡼ࠾࡝ , (obvious, shimásu ࡢࡖࡀࡽࡊࡱࡌ explicit) meihaku (na) ᪺Ⓣ࡝ ; clarity n 1. (transparency) tømei (understood) wakátte imásu ฦ࠾ࡖ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ, wakátta ฦ࠾ࡖ do ㏩᪺ᗐ 2. seichø sa ΰ⃀ࡈ 3. meiryø sa ᪺▉ࡈ ࡒ...3. adj (easy to see) miyasúi clasp (one’s hands) v (té o) ずࡷࡌ࠷; (easy to understand) kumimásu (ᡥࢅ ⤄ࡲࡱࡌ wakari-yasúi ฦ࠾ࡽࡷࡌ࠷ class n 1. kúrasu ࢠࣚࢪ, kyü´ ⣥, 4. adj (unimpeded) jama ga nái ࡋࡶࡱ>㑟㨩@࠿࡝࠷ 5. v (takes (in school) gakkyü Ꮥ⣥; class instruction n ① júgyø ᤭ᴏ, køshü away from the table) sagemásu ㅦ⩞ ② kaikyü 㝭⣥; classmate n ୖࡅࡱࡌ 6. gets ~ (empty) døkyü´-sei ྜྷ⣥⏍, (former class- sukimásu ࡌࡀࡱࡌ࣬✭ࡀࡱࡌ 7. becomes ~ (evident) shiremásu mate) døkí-sei ྜྷ᭿⏍; classroom ▩ࡿࡱࡌ n kyøshitsu ᩅᐄ classic n kurashikku ࢠࣚࢨࢴࢠ, clerk n (in shop) ten’in ᗉဤ; (in koten ཿ඼ office) jimú-in ஥ຸဤ; (in bank) classical adj koten (no) ཿ඼ࡡ ; ginkø´-in 㖗⾔ဤ classical music n kurashikku clever adj rikø (na) ฺཾ࣬ࡽࡆ࠹ ࡝ ; (nimble with fingers) kíyø ongaku ࢠࣚࢨࢴࢠ㡚ᴞ, koten ongaku ཿ඼㡚ᴞ (na) ჹ⏕࡝ ; (skilled) jøzú (na) clatter v gátagata shimásu ࠿ࡒ࠿ ࡋࡺ࠹ࡍ࣬୕ᡥ࡝ ࡒࡊࡱࡌ cliff n gake ࠿ࡄ࣬ᓭ claw n tsume ∆࣬ࢵ࣒ climate n kikø Ẵು clay n néndo ⢋ᅰ climax n yamá ᒜ, chø´ten 㡤Ⅴ; clean 1. adj kírei (na) ࡀࡿ࠷>⥙㮿@ (upshot) ketsumatsu ⤎ᮆ; shímatsu ࡝ , seiketsu (na) ΰ₡࡝ ; ጙᮆ (fresh) sappári shita ࡈࡖࡤࡽࡊࡒ climb v noborimásu Ⓡࡽࡱࡌ 2. ~s it (up) v kírei ni shimásu ࡀ cling v kuttsukimásu ࡂࡖࡗࡀ ࡿ࠷>⥙㮿@࡞ࡊࡱࡌ, (tidies) ࡱࡌ, shigamitsukimásu ࡊ࠿ࡲ katazukemásu ∞௛ࡄࡱࡌ࣬࠾ࡒ ࡗࡀࡱࡌ ࡘࡄࡱࡌ, (sweeps) søji shimásu clinic n byøin ⑋㝌 383



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clip



clip 1. clips it v tsumimásu ᦤࡲ ࡱࡌ; kirimásu วࡽࡱࡌ 2. n kuríppu ࢠࣛࢴࣈ → paperclip clique n renchü/renjü ㏻୯, habatsu Ὤ㛰 cloak n mánto ࣏ࣤࢹ; cloakroom n kurø´ku ࢠ࣭ࣞࢠ, (tenimotsu) azukarijo ᡥⲬ∸ 㡰࠾ࡽᡜ clock n tokei ᫤゛; around the ~ nijüyojikan 24᫤㛣, ichinichi-jü ୌ᪝୯ clockwise adv migi-máwari (ni) ྎᅂࡽ࡞ clogged; gets ~ (up) fusagarimásu ࡨࡈ࠿ࡽࡱࡌ clogs 1. n (wooden shoes) getá ࡅ ࡒ࣬ୖ㥇 2. v (it ~s up, gets clogged) tsumarimásu ョࡱࡽࡱ ࡌ, tsukaemásu ࡗ࠾࠻ࡱࡌ close 1. v ~s it (shuts) shimemásu 㛚ࡴࡱࡌ, (a book, etc.) tojimásu 㛚ࡋࡱࡌ; ~ one’s eyes mé o tsuburimásu ┘ࢅࡗࡩࡽࡱࡌ࣬╺ࡽࡱ ࡌ; (obstructs) fusagimásu ࡨࡈ ࡁࡱࡌ; (ends) owarimásu ⤂ࢂ ࡽࡱࡌ 2. it ~s shimarimásu 㛚 ࡱࡽࡱࡌ → end 3. adj (near) chikái ㎾࠷; ~ by (o-)soba (no) ࠽ ࡐࡣࡡ 4. adj (humid) mushi-atsúi ⵠࡊᬤ࠷ 5. n (the end) owari ⤂ࢂࡽ, sue ᮆ, matsu ᮆ closet n (Japanese) oshi-ire ᢪࡊ ථࡿ, nándo ⣙ᡖ; (Western) kurøzetto ࢠ࣭ࣞࢭࢴࢹ clot 1. n (a ~) katamari ᅖࡱࡽ࣬ ም࣬࠾ࡒࡱࡽ 2. v (it ~s) kata-



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marimásu ᅖࡱࡽࡱࡌ cloth n ori-mono ⧂∸, kíji ⏍ᆀ, nuno ᕱ; (a piece of) kiré วࡿ, nuno-gire ᕱวࡿ; (traditional wrapper) furoshiki ࡨࢀࡊࡀ࣬ 㢴࿁ᩔ clothes n fukú ᭱, fukusø ᭱⿞ cloud n kúmo 㞴 cloudy; gets ~ kumorimásu ᭆࡽ ࡱࡌ࣬ࡂࡵࡽࡱࡌ; ~ weather kumorí ᭆࡽ࣬ࡂࡵࡽ clover n kurøba¯ ࢠ࣭ࣞࣁ࣭; four-leaf ~ yotsuba no kurøbå ᄿ ࡗⴝࡡࢠ࣭ࣞࣁ࣭ cloves n chø´ji ୍Ꮚ࣬ࢲࣘࢗࢩ, kurøbu ࢠ࣭ࣞࣇ clown n døke-shi 㐠໩ᖅ club n 1. (group; card suit) kúrabu ࢠࣚࣇ 2. (stick) konbø ᲠᲤ࣬ࡆࢆᲤ; (golf) (gorufu) kurabu ࢥࣜࣆ ࢠࣚࣇ clue n tegákari ᡥ᤻࠾ࡽ, itóguchi ⣊ཾ clump n katamari ም࣬࠾ࡒࡱࡽ clumsy adj hetá (na) ࡫ࡒ>ୖᡥ@ ࡝, bu-kíyø (na) ୘ჹ⏕࡝ ; gikochi-nái ࡁࡆࡔ࡝࠷ cluster → bunch clutch 1. v (grasps) nigirimásu ᥩ ࡽࡱࡌ, tsukamimásu ࡗ࠾ࡲࡱࡌ 2. n (of car) kurátchi ࢠࣚࢴࢲ, (pedal) kuratchí-pédaru ࢠࣚࢴ ࢲ࣋ࢱࣜ coach 1. v (~es them) shidø shimásu ᣞᑙࡊࡱࡌ 2. n (director) shidø´-sha ᣞᑙ⩽; (sports) kø´chi ࢤ࣭ࢲ 3. n



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colic



(railroad) kyakusha ᐂ㌬; coach station n (depot) basu no hatchaku-jø ࣁࢪࡡⓆ╌ሔ coal n sekitán ▴⅛; coal mine n tankø ⅛㖌 coarse adj arai ⢊࠷>Ⲡ࠷@; sómatsu (na) ⢊ᮆ࡝ coast n engan Ἒᓃ, kaigan ᾇᓃ coat n uwagi ୕╌, kø´to ࢤ࣭ࢹ; (overcoat) gaitø አዎ, ø´bå ࢛࣭ ࣁ࣭; (traditional Japanese) haori ⩒⧂ coax v odatemásu ࠽ࡓ࡙ࡱࡌ cocaine n kokáin ࢤ࢜࢕ࣤ cock n ondori ࢛ࣤࢺࣛ࣬㞕㭔 cockpit n kokkupitto ࢤࢴࢠࣅࢴ ࢹ, søjü-seki ᧧⦢ᖆ, søjü-shitsu ᧧⦢ᐄ cockroach n gokiburi ࢥ࢞ࣇࣛ cocktail (party) n kákuteru (påtii) ࢜ࢠࢷࣜࣂ࣭ࢷ࢔࣭ cocky adj unuboreta ࠹࡟࡯ࡿࡒ, namaiki (na) ⏍ណẴ࡝ cocoa n kókóa ࢤࢤ࢓ coconut n kókonáttsu ࢤࢤࢻࢴࢵ; coconut palm n yáshi ࣕࢨ࣬ᱺᏄ cocoon n máyu ࣏ࣗ࣬⧓ C.O.D. (collect on delivery) → collect (on delivery) code n kø´do ࢤ࣭ࢺ; (secret) angø ᬧྒ co-ed n jo (-shi) gákusei ዥᏄ Ꮥ⏍ coeducation n dánjo kyøgaku ⏠ዥ භᏕ co-existence n kyøson භᏋ, kyøzon භᏋ



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coffee n køhíi ࢤ࣭ࣃ࣭ coffee shop/house n køhii-ten ࢤ࣭ ࣃ࣭ᗉ, kissa-ten ႖Ⲍᗉ coffin n hitsugi ᳄࣬ࡥࡗࡁ cog n (wheel) ha-gúruma ṉ㌬ coherent adj (shubi) ikkan shita 㤫 ᑹୌ㈇ࡊࡒ cohesion n danketsu ᅆ⤎, ketsugø ⤎ྙ coil n koiru ࢤ࢕ࣜ coin n kø´ka ◫㈄, kóin ࢤ࢕ࣤ; (brass or copper) dø´ka 㖙㈄; tosses a ~ køka/koin o nagete ura-omote de kimemásu ◫㈄ࢤ ࢕ࣤࢅᢖࡅ࡙⿤⾪࡚Ửࡴࡱࡌ coincidence n güzen ഃ↓ coincidental adj güzen itchi shita ഃ↓ୌ⮬ࡊࡒ cola n kø´ra ࢤ࣭ࣚ colander n mizu-kírí Ềวࡽ; (bamboo) zarú ࡉࡾ cold 1. adj samúi ᐨ࠷; (to touch) tsumetái ෫ࡒ࠷; gets ~ sámuku/ tsumetáku narimásu ᐨࡂ෫ࡒ ࡂ࡝ࡽࡱࡌ; samemásu ෫ࡴࡱ ࡌ; hiemásu ෫࠻ࡱࡌ 2. n kaze ࠾ࡏ>㢴㑟@; catches a ~ kaze o hikimásu ࠾ࡏ>㢴㑟@ࢅࡥࡀࡱࡌ; cold medicine n kaze-gúsuri ࠾ࡏ >㢴㑟@ⷾ coldness n tsumetasa ෫ࡒࡈ, samusa ᐨࡈ cold water n mizu Ề, (o-)híya ࠽ ෫ࡷ coleslaw n køru-surø ࢤ࣭ࣜࢪ࣭ࣞ, kyabetsu-sárada ࢞ࣔ࣊ࢵࢦࣚࢱ colic n sentsü ␲⑚



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collaborate



collaborate v 1. (cooperates) kyøryoku shimásu ༝ງࡊࡱࡌ 2. (works collaboratively) kyødøsagyø shimásu භྜྷషᴏࡊ ࡱࡌ collapse v taoremásu ಻ࡿࡱࡌ; (gets smashed) tsuburemásu ࡗࡩ ࡿࡱࡌ࣬₵ࡿࡱࡌ collar n 1. (of coat) kárå ࣭࢜ࣚ, erí ࠻ࡽ࣬〺 2. (of dog) kubi-wa 㤫㍧ collate v (compares) terashimásu ↯ࡼࡊࡱࡌ, terashi-awasémásu ↯ࡼࡊྙࢂࡎࡱࡌ colleague n 1. (professional ~) (shokuba no) døryø ⫃ሔࡡ ྜྷ േ 2. (academic ~) gakuyü Ꮥཪ collect v 1.~s them atsumemásu 㞗ࡴࡱࡌ, yosemásu ᐞࡎࡱ ࡌ࣬ࡻࡎࡱࡌ, (completes a set) soroemásu ᥖ࠻ࡱࡌ࣬ࡐࢀ࠻ࡱ ࡌ; (gathers up) shüshü shimásu ཭㞗ࡊࡱࡌ; (reaps, brings in) osamemásu ⣙ࡴࡱࡌ, (levies taxes etc,) chøshü shimásu ᚡ཭ ࡊࡱࡌ; ~ tickets shüsatsu shimásu 㞗ᮈࡊࡱࡌ 2. they ~ (come together atsumarimásu 㞗ࡱࡽࡱ ࡌ; collect call n korekuto køru ࢤ ࣝࢠࢹࢤ࣭ࣜ collect (on delivery), C.O.D. adv daikin hiki-kae (de) ௥㔘ᘤࡀᥦ ࠻࡚ , dai-biki (de) ௥ᘤࡀ࡚ , chakubarai (de) ╌ᡮ࠷࡚ collection n 1. (of books) zøsho ⶮ ᭡, korekushon ࢤࣝࢠࢨࣘࣤ 2. (of taxes etc.) chøshü ᚡ཭



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collector n shüshü-ka ཭㞗ᐓ college n daigaku ኬᏕ; karejji ࢜ ࣝࢴࢩ; college student n daigákusei ኬᏕ⏍ collide v shøtotsu shimásu ⾢✲ ࡊࡱࡌ colloquial 1. n (language, word) køgo ཾㄊ 2. adj køgo-teki (na) ཾㄊⓏ࡝ collusion; in ~ with ... to takuránde ... ࡛௺ࢆ࡚ colony n shokumín-chi ᳔Ằᆀ color n iró Ⰵ, kárå ࣭࢜ࣚ color-blind adj 1. (ophthalmology) shikikaku ijø (no) Ⰵつ␏ᖏࡡ 2. (nonracialism) jinshusabetsu o shinai ெ⛸ᕣืࢅࡊ࡝࠷ colorful adj (bright) hanáyaka (na) ⳱ࡷ࠾࡝ , karafuru (na) ࢜ࣚ ࣆࣜ࡝ colossal adj kyodai (na) ᕠኬ࡝ colt n (young male horse) osu no ko-uma 㞕ࡡᏄ㤷 column 1. n rán ḅ, koramu ࢤ࣑ࣚ; (page ~) dán ṹ; (numerical ~) keta ࡄࡒ࣬᰾ 2. → pillar coma n konsui ᪻╟ comb 1. n kushí ࡂࡊ࣬ᷰ 2. v (the hair) kamí o sukimásu 㧝ࢅࡌࡀ ࡱࡌ, tokimásu ࡛ࡀࡱࡌ࣬᲏ࡀ ࡱࡌ, tokashimásu ࡛࠾ࡊࡱࡌ࣬ ᲏࠾ࡊࡱࡌ combat n sentø ᡋ㜒 combination n 1. kumi-awase ⤄ࡲ ྙࢂࡎ, konbinëshon ࢤࣤࣄࢾ࣭ ࢨࣘࣤ 2. (union) gappei ྙె, gødø ྙྜྷ



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commander



combine 1. v (combines them) kumiawasemásu ⤄ࡲྙࢂࡎࡱࡌ, awasemásu ྙࢂࡎࡱࡌ; (dually serves as) kanemásu ඾ࡠࡱ ࡌ 2. v (they unite) gappei/gødø shimásu ྙెྙྜྷࡊࡱࡌ combustion n 1. (burning) nenshø ⇖↕ 2. (oxidation) sanka 㓗໩ 3. (tumult) sawagi 㥹ࡁ࣬ࡈࢂࡁ come v kimásu ᮮࡱࡌ; (I/we come to you) ikimásu ⾔ࡀࡱࡌ; come about shø-jimásu ⏍ࡋࡱࡌ; genjitsu-ka shimásu ⌟ᐁ໩ࡊࡱ ࡌ; come along yatte-kimásu ࡷࡖ ࡙ࡀࡱࡌ; come back itte kimásu ⾔ࡖ࡙ࡀࡱࡌ; kaerimásu ᖉࡽࡱ ࡌᖉࡾ, ᖉࡖ࡙ ; come down kudarimásu ୖࡽࡱࡌ࣬࠽ࡽࡱ ࡌ; (on the price) makemásu ㇿ ࡄࡱࡌ; come in hairimásu ථࡽࡱ ࡌ, háitte kimásu ථࡖ࡙ࡀࡱࡌ; come near yorimásu ᐞࡽࡱࡌ࣬ ࡻࡽࡱࡌ, chika-zukimásu ㎾ࡘ ࡀࡱࡌ; come off (button, etc.) toremásu ཱིࡿࡱࡌ࡛࣬ࡿࡱࡌ; nukemásu ᢜࡄࡱࡌ; hazuremásu አࡿࡱࡌ࣬ࡢࡍࡿࡱࡌ; come on, ...! (urging an invitation) så´ ࡈ ࠵, hora ࡮ࡼ; come out demásu ฝࡱࡌ, déte kimásu ฝ࡙ࡀࡱࡌ; (appears) arawaremásu ⌟ࡿࡱࡌ; come to an end sumimásu ῥࡲࡱࡌ ࣬ࡌࡲࡱࡌ, owarimásu ⤂ࢂࡽ ࡱࡌ, tsukimásu ᑸࡀࡱࡌ࣬ࡗࡀ ࡱࡌ; come what may nán to itté mo ࡝ࢆ࡛ゕࡖ࡙ࡵ comedy n kígeki ႌ๸, komedii



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ࢤ࣒ࢸ࢔ comely n 1. (appearance) yøshi no ii ᐖጶࡡ࠷࠷, kiryø no yoi ჹ㔖ࡡⰃ࠷ 2. (attractive) miryoku-teki (na) 㨡ງⓏ࡝ comet n høkí-boshi ࡮࠹ࡀ᫅, suisei ᙗ᫅࣬ࡌ࠷᫅ comfort 1. n anraku Ꮽᴞ, kiraku Ẵᴞ 2. n (consolation) nagusame ័ࡴ, ian ័Ꮽ 3. v (consoles) nagusamemásu ័ࡴࡱࡌ comfortable 1. adj rakú (na) ᴞ࡝ , anraku (na) Ꮽᴞ࡝ , kiraku (na) Ẵᴞ࡝ ; kaiteki (na) ᛄ㐲 ࡝ , kimochi ga íi Ẵᣚࡔ࠿࠷࠷ 2. → relax 3. adj (easy to wear) ki-yasúi ╌ࡷࡌ࠷, (easy to sit on) suwariyasúi ᗑࡽࡷࡌ࠷࣬ࡌ ࢂࡽࡷࡌ࠷ comforter n (down quilt) hanebuton ⩒ᕱᅆ comic; comic book n manga (-bon) ₌⏤ᮇ ; komikku ࢤ࣐ࢴࢠ; comics n manga ₌⏤࣬ࡱࢆ࠿ comical adj hyøkín (na) ࡥࡺ࠹ࡀ ࢆ࡝ → funny Coming-of-Age Day (2nd Monday of January) n Seijin no hí ᠺெࡡ᪝ comma n konma ࢤ࣏ࣤ command 1. n (order, instructions) meirei ࿤௦; (historic term) sátá ࡈࡒ࣬ἃụ 2. v (orders a person) ... ni ii-tsukemásu ... ࡞ ゕ࠷௛ࡄࡱࡌ, mei-jimásu ࿤ࡋ ࡱࡌ 3. v (leads) hikiimásu ⋙ ࠷ࡱࡌ commander n shiréi-kan ྒྷ௦ᏻ;



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commemorate



(navy) chüsa ୯ఫ commemorate v kinen shimásu エᛍ ࡊࡱࡌ commencement n (ceremony) sotsugyø´-shiki ༛ᴏᘟ commend v (praises) homemásu ࡮ࡴࡱࡌ࣬「ࡴࡱࡌ comment 1. n (explanation) kaisetsu ゆㄕ 2. n (critique, opinion) hyøron ビㄵ 3. n komento ࢤ࣒ࣤࢹ → remark 4. ~s on v (explains) kaisetsu shimásu ゆㄕࡊࡱࡌ; (criticizes) hyøron shimásu ビㄵࡊࡱࡌ commentary n 1. (interpretation) kaisétsu ゆㄕ 2. (explanatory note) chüshaku Ἰ㔐 3. (records) kiroku エ㘋 4. (on-the-spot broadcasting) jikkyø høsø ᐁἛ ᨲ㏞ commerce n shø´gyø ၛᴏ; (trade) bøeki ㈘᪾ commercial (message) n komåsharu ࢤ࣏࣭ࢨࣔࣜ, shiiému (CM) ࢨ࣭࢙࣑ commission 1. n (handling charge) tesü-ryø ᡥᩐᩩ; (brokerage fee) sáya ࡈࡷ 2. v (~s ... to do it) (sore o ... ni) irai shimásu ࡐࡿ ࢅ... ࡞ ౪㢏ࡊࡱࡌ commit v 1. (entrusts) yudanemásu ࡹࡓࡠࡱࡌ࣬ጟࡠࡱࡌ 2. (perpetrates) okashimásu ≚ࡊࡱࡌ; hatarakimásu ഼ࡀࡱࡌ commitment n 1. (promise) yakusoku ⣑ᮨ 2. (duty) gimu ⩇ຸ 3. (responsibility) sekinin ㈈௴



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committee n iín-kai ጟဤఌ; committee member(s) n íin ጟဤ commodity n shøhin ၛဗ common adj futsü (no) ᬉ㏳ࡡ ; kyøtsü (no) භ㏳ࡡ ; (average) nami (no) ୩ࡡ ; (vulgar, popular) zoku (na) ಐ࡝ ; very ~ (is prevalent) hayari (no) ࡢࡷ ࡽ࣬Ὦ⾔ࡡ commoner n shomin ᗚẰ, ippanjin ୌ⯙ெ common sense n (ippan) jøshiki ୌ⯙ᖏㆉ commonwealth n renpø ㏻㑝 commotion n 1. (tumult) sawagi 㥹 ࡁ 2. (agitation) døyø ິ᥺ 3. (chaos) konran Ί஗ commune 1. v danwa shimásu ㄧヨ ࡊࡱࡌ 2. n chihø jichitai ᆀ᪁⮤ ἖మ communicate v tsutaemásu ఎ࠻ࡱ ࡌ; tsüjimásu ㏳ࡋࡱࡌ communication n (traffic) køtsü ஹ ㏳, ørai ᙸᮮ; (message, news) táyori ౼ࡽ, tsüshin ㏳ಘ Communist n kyøsan shugí-sha භ ⏐୹⩇⩽ community n komyuniti ࢤ࣐ࣖࢼ ࢷ࢔, komyunitii ࢤ࣐ࣖࢼࢷ࢔࣭, (society) shákai ♣ఌ commute v kayoimásu ㏳࠷ࡱࡌ; ~ to work tsükin shimásu ㏳ໂࡊ ࡱࡌ commuter n 1. (to work) tsükinsha ㏳ໂ⩽ 2. (goes to school) tsügaku-sha ㏳Ꮥ⩽ companion n nakamá ௯㛣; (o-)



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complexion



tsure ࠽ ㏻ࡿ, (o-)tómo ࠽ ౩, tomodachi ཪ㐡; (o-)aite ࠽ ┞ᡥ company n (firm) kaisha ఌ♣, ... -sha ... ♣; (within the office/ company) shánai (no) ♣හࡡ ; (group) kumí ⤄; (social) tsukiai ௛ࡀྙ࠷࣬ࡗࡀ࠵࠷, køsai ஹ 㝷; (guests) raikyaku ᮮᐂ, (o-) kyaku࠽ ᐂ, o-kyaku-san/sámá ࠽ᐂࡈࢆࡈࡱ࣬ᵕ; keep one company ... to tsuki-aimásu ... ࡛௛ࡀ ྙ࠷ࡱࡌ࣬ࡗࡀ࠵࠷ࡱࡌ compare v kurabemásu Ẓ࡬ࡱ ࡌ, hikaku shimásu Ẓ㍉ࡊࡱࡌ; taishø/taihi shimásu ᑊ↯ᑊẒࡊ ࡱࡌ; (collates) terashimásu ↯ ࡼࡊࡱࡌ; as compared with ... ni tái-shite ... ࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ comparison n hikaku Ẓ㍉; taishø ᑊ↯, taihi ᑊẒ compass n (for directions) rashinban ⨮㔢┑; (for drafting) konpasu ࢤࣤࣂࢪ compassion n (o-)násake ࠽ ᝗ࡄ compatibility n aishø´ ┞ᛮ compensate v mukuimásu ሒ࠷ࡱࡌ;



competitive adj 1. (fiercely-~) kyøsø no hageshii ❿ணࡡ⃥ࡊ ࠷ 2. (strong desire to compete) kyøsø-shin no tsuyoi ❿ணᚨ ࡡᙁ࠷ competitor n kyøsø-áite ❿ண┞ᡥ complain v (gives utterance) fuhei/ mónku o iimásu ୘ᖲᩝྀࢅゕ ࠷ࡱࡌ; (guchi o) koboshimásu ࡃࡔ࣬ម⑭ࢅ ࡆ࡯ࡊࡱࡌ;



(mutters to oneself) butsu-butsu iimásu ࡩࡗࡩࡗゕ࠷ࡱࡌ; kujø o iimásu ⱖ᝗ࢅゕ࠷ࡱࡌ; (makes a formal accusation) uttaemásu



セ࠻ࡱࡌ complaint n fuhei ୘ᖲ, mónku ᩝ ྀ, kujø ⱖ᝗, (o-)kógoto ࠽ ᑚ ゕ, guchi ࡃࡔ࣬ម⑭; (lawsuit) uttae セ࠻ complement n hosoku ⿭㊂, hojü ⿭ඖ complete 1. becomes ~ v (full) michimásu ‫ ࡌࡱࡔ‮‬2. ~s it v kansei shimásu Ᏸᠺࡊࡱࡌ; (a set) soroemásu ᥖ࠻ࡱࡌ 3. oginaimásu ⿭࠷ࡱࡌ complete adj (exhaustive) mø´ra (indemnifies) hoshø shimásu ⿭ർࡊࡱࡌ; (certify) hoshø shita ... ⥑⨮ࡊࡒ... completely adv mattakú ධࡂ࣬ࡱ shimásu ಕチࡊࡱࡌ compensation n (indemnity money) ࡖࡒࡂ, to(t)temo ࡛ࡖ ࡙ࡵ, hoshø-kin ⿭ർ㔘, benshø ᘒർ, sukkári ࡌࡖ࠾ࡽ, sokkúri ࡐࡖ ࡂࡽ; (+ [NAGATIVE]) zenzen ධ baishø ㈲ർ ↓; (all) zénbu ධ㒂࣬ࡏࢆࡩ, compete v kisoimásu ❿࠷ࡱࡌ, kyøsø shimásu ❿ணࡊࡱࡌ minná ࡲࢆ࡝࣬ⓑ competency n (qualification) complex n konpurekkusu ࢤࣤࣈ ࣝࢴࢠࢪ, rettø-kan ຋➴វ shikaku ㈠᰹ competition n kyøsø ❿ண complexion n kao-iro 㢞Ⰵ



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complicated



complicated adj fukuzatsu (na) 々 㞟࡝ , komi-itta ㎰ࡲථࡖࡒ࣬ ࡆࡲ࠷ࡖࡒ, yaya(k)koshíi ࡷࡷ ࡖ ࡆࡊ࠷, wazurawashii ↱ࢂ ࡊ࠷; gets ~ kojiremásu ࡆࡋࡿࡱ ࡌ, motsuremásu ࡵࡗࡿࡱࡌ complications n (details) ikisatsu ࠷ࡀࡈࡗ࣬⤊⦃; (entanglements) motsure ࡵࡗࡿ compliment n seji ୠ㎙, o-seji ࠽ୠ ㎙, home-kotoba ࡮ࡴゕⴝ comply; ~ with v ... ni ø-jimásu ... ࡞ᚺࡋࡱࡌ; ... o nattoku shimásu ... ࢅ⣙ᚋࡊࡱࡌ component n séibun ᠺฦ compose v (writes) tsuzurimásu ⥓ࡽࡱࡌ࣬ࡗࡘࡽࡱࡌ, tsukurimásu షࡽࡱࡌ composed adj (unruffled) heiki (na) ᖲẴ࡝ ; reisei (na) ෫㟴࡝ composite adj søgø-teki (na) ⥪ྙ Ⓩ࡝ composition n (writing) sakubun షᩝ; (constituency) køsei ᵋᠺ comprehend → understand → include → comprise → consist of comprehension n rikai ⌦ゆ comprehensive adj (composite) søgø-teki (na) ⥪ྙⓏ࡝ compress v 1. (constricts) asshuku shimásu ᅸ⦨ࡊࡱࡌ 2. (presses) appaku shimásu ᅸ㏍ࡊࡱࡌ 3. (shortens) tanshuku shimásu ▯⦨ࡊࡱࡌ comprise v (includes all items) mø´ra shimásu ⥑⨮ࡊࡱࡌ compromise 1. n (gives in) dakyø



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ጂ༝ 2. v dakyø shimásu ጂ༝ ࡊࡱࡌ compulsion n 1. (psychology) shødø kyøhaku ⾢ິᙁ㏍ 2. (forcing) kyøsei ᙁโ compulsive adj 1. (psychology) kyøhaku kan’nen no aru ᙁ㏍ びᛍࡡ࠵ࡾ, osaerarenai ᢒ࠻ࡼ ࡿ࡝࠷ 2. (very interesting or



compelling) hito (no kokoro) o hikitsukeru ெࡡᚨ ࢅᘤࡀ ࡗࡄࡾ compulsory adj 1. (stipulated) kitei (no) ぜᏽࡡ 2. (obligatory) gimu-teki (na) ⩇ຸⓏ࡝ 3. (required) hissu (no) ᚪ㡪ࡡ ; compulsory education n gimu-kyø´iku ⩇ຸᩅ⫩ computation n keisan ゛⟤ compute v keisan shimásu ゛⟤ࡊ ࡱࡌ computer n konpyü´ta ࢤࣤࣅ࣭ࣖ ࢰ, konpyü´tå ࢤࣤࣅ࣭ࣖࢰ࣭ computer science n konpyü´ta-ka/ konpyü´tå saiensu ࢤࣤࣅ࣭ࣖ ࢰࢤࣤࣅ࣭ࣖࢰ࣭࣬ࢦ࢕࢙ࣤ ࢪ, jøhø kagaku ᝗ሒ⛁Ꮥ, jøhø køgaku ᝗ሒᕝᏕ comrade n (...) dø´shi ... ྜྷᚷ, (...) nakama ... ௯㛣 con n sagi ノḥ; con man n sagishi ノḥᖅ࣬ࢦ࢟ᖅ, peten-shi ࣋ࢷࣤᖅ conceal → hide → cover up conceit n [INFORMAL] unubore ࠹ ࡟࡯ࡿ, [FORMAL] kadai hyøka 㐛ኬビ౮



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conductor



concentrate v shüchü shimásu 㞗୯ ࡊࡱࡌ concept n gáinen ᴣᛍ, shisø ᛦ᝷ conception n 1. (concept) gáinen ᴣᛍ, shisø ᛦ᝷ 2. (fertilization) jusei ུ⢥ 3. (inception of pregnancy) jutai ུ⫶, kainin ᠔ዲ concern 1. n (relevance) kankei 㛭౿, (interest) kanshin 㛭ᚨ; (worry) shinpai ᚨ㒼; (business) kaisha ఌ♣ 2. v (relates to) ... ni kanshimásu ... ࡞㛭ࡊࡱࡌ concerning prep ... ni kán-shite ... ࡞㛭ࡊ࡙, ... o megutte ... ࢅ ᕙࡖ࡙ concert n ongák(u) -kai 㡚ᴞఌ, ensø´-kai ⁿ዇ఌ, consåto ࢤࣤ ࢦ࣭ࢹ concession n 1. (compromise) jøho ㆙Ṅ 2. (right) tokken ≁ᶊ conciliate v nadamemásu ࡝ࡓࡴࡱ ࡌ; wakai sasemásu ࿰ゆࡈࡎࡱ ࡌ; chøtei shimásu ㄢೳࡊࡱࡌ concise adj kanketsu (na) ⠾₡࡝ conclude v (brings to an end) sumashimásu ῥࡱࡊࡱࡌ; (ends



concrete 1. n (cement) konkuríito ࢤࣤࢠ࣭ࣛࢹ 2. adj (not abstract) gutai-teki(na) රమⓏ࡝ concubine n o-mekake(-san) ࠽጑ ࡈࢆ , nígø(-san) ஦ྒࡈࢆ concur v (agrees) døi shimásu ྜྷណࡊࡱࡌ, (coincides) itchi shimásu ୌ⮬ࡊࡱࡌ concurrent adj (occurring at the same time) døji ni okoru ྜྷ᫤ ࡞㉫ࡆࡾ concussion n (brain) nø-shintø ⬳ ࡊࢆ࡛࠹ condemn v hinan shimásu 㟸㞬 ࡊࡱࡌ condense v 1. (concentrates) gyøshuku shimásu ฆ⦨ࡊࡱࡌ, nøshuku shimásu ⃨⦨ࡊࡱࡌ 2. (liquefies) ekika shimásu ᾦ໩ ࡊࡱࡌ 3. (summarizes) yøyaku shimásu こ⣑ࡊࡱࡌ condition n (state) ari-sama ᭯ ᵕ࣬࠵ࡽࡈࡱ, jøtai ≟ឺ, jijø ஥ ᝗, jissai ᐁ㝷, guai රྙ, chøshi ㄢᏄ; (stipulation) jøken ᮪௲ condolence n okuyami ࠽᜴ࡷࡲ condom n kondømu ࢤࣤࢺ࣭࣑ a discussion) ketsuron shimásu condominium n kondominiamu ࢤ ⤎ㄵࡊࡱࡌ; (finalizes) seiritsu ࣤࢺ࣐ࢼ࢓࣑ condone v mokunin shimásu 㯪 shimásu ᠺ❟ࡊࡱࡌ conclusion n 1. (of discussion) ヾࡊࡱࡌ ketsuron ⤎ㄵ; in ~ ketsuron to conduct 1. n (behavior) okonai ⾔ shite ⤎ㄵ࡛ࡊ࡙ 2. (finalization) ࠷࣬࠽ࡆ࡝࠷ 2. v michibimásu ᑙࡀࡱࡌ, shiki shimásu ᣞᥱࡊ seiritsu ᠺ❟ concoct v koshiraemásu ࡆࡊࡼ࠻ ࡱࡌ ࡱࡌ, tsukuriagemásu షࡽ୕ࡅ conductor n (train) shashø(-san) ࡱࡌ ㌬ᤰࡈࢆ ; (orchestra) shikí-sha



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cone



ᣞᥱ⩽ cone n ensui(-kei) ළ㗱ᙟ , køn ࢤ࣭ࣤ confectionery n (o-)kashí-ya ࠽ ⳣᏄᒁ confederacy n rengø ㏻ྙ, dømei (koku) ྜྷ┍ᅗ confer v 1. hanashi-aimásu ヨࡊྙ ࠷ࡱࡌ 2. → grant conference n (personal) sødan ┞ ㄧ; [FORMAL] káigí ఌ㆗, taikai ኬఌ; (discussion) kyø´gí ༝㆗, (negotiation) hanashi-ai ヨࡊྙ࠷ confess v 1. hákujø shimásu Ⓣ≟ ࡊࡱࡌ, jihaku shimásu ⮤Ⓣࡊ ࡱࡌ, kokuhaku shimásu ࿈Ⓣࡊ ࡱࡌ 2. (frankly reveals) uchiakemásu ᡬࡔ᪺ࡄࡱࡌ confession n hákujø Ⓣ≟; (of sins) zángé ࡉࢆࡅ࣬ᠪ᜴ confidence n shin’yø ಘ⏕, shinrai ಘ㢏, tánomi 㢏ࡲ; (self-~) jishin ⮤ಘ; (secure feeling) anshin Ꮽᚨ confidential adj naisho (no) හ⥬ ࡡ confirm v (a reservation) (yoyaku o) kakunin shimásu ஢⣑ࢅ ☔ ヾࡊࡱࡌ conflict n tatakai ᡋ࠷ confluence n gøryü ྙὮ conform (with/to) v ... ni shitagaimásu ... ࡞ᚉ࠷ࡱࡌ, ... ni motozukimásu ... ࡞ᇱࡘࡀࡱࡌ confront v ... ni tai-shimásu ... ࡞ ᑊࡊࡱࡌ; ... to tairitsu shimásu ... ࡛ᑊ❟ࡊࡱࡌ; (opposes) ... ni



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taikø shimásu ... ࡞ᑊᢘࡊࡱࡌ confrontation n taikø ᑊᢘ confound v 1. kondø shimásu Ί ྜྷࡊࡱࡌ 2. (perplexes) konwaku sasemásu ᅏᝠࡈࡎࡱࡌ Confucius n Køshi ᏇᏄ confused; gets ~ komarimásu ᅏࡽ ࡱࡌ࣬ࡆࡱࡽࡱࡌ, (flustered) awatemásu ុ࡙ࡱࡌ࣬࠵ࢂ࡙ࡱ ࡌ; (messy, disorderly) mechamecha ࡴࡔࡶࡴࡔࡶ confusion n (disorder) konran Ί஗, kónzatsu Ί㞟 congenial adj aishø´ ga(/no) íi ┞ᛮ ࠿ࡡ ࠷࠷ congested n (traffic) jütai-jø´kyø Ῠ⁣≟Ἓ; is ~ jütai shite imásu Ῠ⁣ࡊ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ conglomerate n konguromaritto ࢤ ࣤࢡ࣏ࣞࣛࢴࢹ, fukugø-kigyø 々ྙ௺ᴏ congratulate n (o-)iwai shimásu ࠽ ♻࠷ࡊࡱࡌ congratulation n shukuga ♻㈙, o-iwai ࠽♻࠷; Congratulations! O-medetø gozaimásu. ࠽ࡴ࡚࡛ ࠹ࡇࡉ࠷ࡱࡌ congregate v shügø shimásu 㞗ྙ ࡊࡱࡌ congress → Diet; conference conjecture 1. n suisoku ᥆ῼ, (o-) sasshi ࠽ ᐳࡊ 2. v (guesses, supposes) sas-shimásu ᐳࡊࡱࡌ conjugal adj füfu (no) ኰ፦ࡡ , kon’in (no) ፡ጵࡡ conjunction n setsuzókú-shi ᥃⤾ペ connect (with) v (... to) tsunagi-



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contact



másu ... ࡛ ࡗ࡝ࡁࡱࡌ; ... to renraku shimásu ... ࡛㏻⤙ࡊࡱ ࡌ; tsü-jimásu ㏳ࡋࡱࡌ connection n renraku ㏻⤙; (relevance) kankei 㛭౿; (relation) tsunagari ࡗ࡝࠿ࡽ; (link) tsunagi ࡗ࡝ࡁ conscience n ryø´shin Ⰳᚨ conscientious adj majime (na) ࡱ ࡋࡴ࣬┷㟻┘࡝ ; ryøshin-teki (na) ⰃᚨⓏ࡝ consciousness n íshiki ណㆉ, obóé つ࠻; loses ~ íshiki o ushinaimásu ណㆉࢅ኶࠷ࡱࡌ conscription n (for military service) shøshü ྇㞗࣬ᣅ㞗 consent v shøchi/shødaku/døi shimásu ᢆ▩ᢆㅑྜྷណࡊࡱࡌ, nattoku shimásu ⣙ᚋࡊࡱࡌ



conspicuous adj ichijirushíi ⴥࡊ ࠷࣬࠷ࡔࡋࡾࡊ࠷; medátta ... ┘ ❟ࡖࡒ..., medátte imásu ┘❟ࡖ ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ constant adj chakujitsu (na) ╌ᐁ ࡝ ; fuhen (no) ୘ንࡡ constantly → always constipation n benpi ౼⛆ constitute v køsei shimásu ᵋᠺࡊ ࡱࡌ constitution n 1. (basic laws) kénpø ៿Ἢ; Constitution (Memorial) Day (3 May) Kenpø-kinénbi ៿Ἢエᛍ᪝ 2. (physical) taishitsu మ㈹3. (composition) køsei ᵋᠺ construct → build construction n (work) kø´ji ᕝ ஥; under ~ køji-chü ᕝ஥୯; consequence → result (building) kensetsu ᘋシ conservative adj hoshu-teki (na) construe v káishaku shimásu ゆ㔐 ಕᏬⓏ࡝ ; shøkyoku-teki (na) ࡊࡱࡌ ᾐᴗⓏ࡝ ; (moderate) uchiwa consul n ryø´ji 㡷஥; consul general (na) හ㍧࡝ n sø-ryø´ji ⥪㡷஥ conserve 1. v (saves) setsuyaku consulate n ryøjí-kan 㡷஥㤃 shimásu ⟿⣑ࡊࡱࡌ 2. n (fruit consult v (a person) ... to sødan jam) jamu ࢩ࣑ࣔ shimásu ... ࡛┞ㄧࡊࡱࡌ consider v kangaemásu ⩻࠻ࡱࡌ; consultant n kómon 㢫ၡ , kon(takes into account) kø´ryo ni sárutanto ࢤࣤࢦࣜࢰࣤࢹ consumer n shøhí-sha ᾐ㈕⩽ iremásu ⩻៎࡞ථࡿࡱࡌ considerable adj søtø (na) ┞ᙔ consumption n shøhi ᾐ㈕; ࡝ , yohodo (no)ఴ⛤ࡡ , consumption tax n (duty) shøhi-zei yoppodo (no)ࡻࡖࡰ࡜ࡡ ᾐ㈕⛧ consist; ~ of ...kara nátte imásu contact 1. n sesshoku ᥃よ; comes in ~ (with ...) (... ni) furemásu ...࠾ࡼᠺࡖ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ consolation n nagusame ័ࡴ࣬࡝ ... ࡞ よࡿࡱࡌ, ses-shimásu ᥃ ࡃࡈࡴ, ian ័Ꮽ ࡊࡱࡌ, sesshoku shimásu ᥃よ



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contact lenses



ࡊࡱࡌ 2. v (~s a person) ... to renraku shimásu ࡛㏻⤙ࡊࡱࡌ, ... ni aimásu ... ࡞ఌ࠷ࡱࡌ contact lenses n kontakuto-rénzu ࢤࣤࢰࢠࢹࣝࣤࢫ, kontákuto ࢤࣤࢰࢠࢹ contagious disease n densenbyø ఎ᯹⑋ contain v ... ga háitte imásu ... ࠿ ථࡖ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ; ... o fukumimásu ... ࢅྱࡲࡱࡌ container n ire-mono ථࡿ∸, yø´ki ᐖჹ; (box) hako ⟵; (for transporting goods) kónténa ࢤࣤࢷࢻ contamination n osen ỗ᯹ contempt n keibetsu ㍅ⶔ contented adj ... de mánzoku shimásu ... ࡚‫‮‬㊂ࡊࡱࡌ; osamarimásu ἖ࡱࡽࡱࡌ contents n nakámi ୯㌗, naiyø හ ᐖ; (table of ~s) mokuji ┘ḗ, midashi ずฝࡊ contest n konkü´ru ࢤࣤࢠ࣭ࣜ, kóntesuto ࢤࣤࢷࢪࢹ; (competition) kyøsø ❿ண; (sports) kyø´gi ❿ᢇ continent n tairiku ኬ㝛 continuation n tsuzuki ⤾ࡀ continue v (it ~s) tsuzukimásu ⤾ࡀ ࡱࡌ; (~s it) tsuzukemásu ⤾ࡄࡱࡌ contraceptive n 1. hinín-yaku 㑂ዲ ⷾ, (pills) keikø-hinín-yaku ⤊ཾ 㑂ዲⷾ 2. (device) hinín-gu 㑂ዲ ර; (condom) kondø´mu ࢤࣤࢺ࣭࣑ contract 1. n (an agreement) keiyaku ዉ⣑ 2. v (agrees to undertake work) ukeoimásu ㄫ



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ࡄㇿ࠷ࡱࡌ contractor n ukeoí-nin ㄫࡄㇿ࠷ெ contradict v ... ni sakaraimásu ... ࡞㏣ࡼ࠷ࡱࡌ → deny contradiction n (inconsistency) mujun □┢ contrary adj hantai (no) ཬᑊࡡ ; gyaku (no) ㏣ࡡ ; acts ~ to



(goes against) ... ni han-shimásu ... ࡞ཬࡊࡱࡌ, ... ni sakaraimásu ... ࡞㏣ࡼ࠷ࡱࡌ contrast 1. n taishø/taihi ᑊ↯ᑊ Ẓ 2. v (compares) kurabemásu Ẓ࡬ࡱࡌ; in ~ to/with ... ni táishite ... ࡞ᑊࡊ࡙, ... ni hán-shite ... ࡞ཬࡊ࡙ control 1. n shíhai ᨥ㒼, kánri ⟮ ⌦; (of prices, etc.) tøsei ⤣โ 2. v (supervises it) tori-shimarimásu ཱིࡽ⥶ࡱࡽࡱࡌ; (restrains) osaemásu ᢒ࠻ࡱࡌ; (operates equipment) søjü shimásu ᧧⦢ࡊࡱࡌ controversy n ronsø ㄵண convenience n (go-)tsugø ࡇ 㒌ྙ, tsuide ࡗ࠷࡚࡞; at your ~ tsuide no sai ࡗ࠷࡚ࡡ㝷, tsuide no tokí ni ࡗ࠷࡚ࡡ᫤࡞ convenience store n konbini ࢤࣤ ࣄࢼ convenient adj bénri (na) ౼ฺ ࡝ , bén ga íi ౼࠿࠷࠷; chø´hø (na) 㔔᐀࡝ ; (easy to arrange) tsugø ga íi 㒌ྙ࠿࠷࠷ convent n shüdø´-in ಞ㐠㝌 convention → conference, meeting conventional adj heibon (na) ᖲฉ ࡝



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conversation n (ordinary) hanashí ヨ, danwa ㄧヨ; (in language class, etc.) kaiwa ఌヨ conversion n henkan ንᥦ; ~ key henkan-kíi ንᥦ࣭࢞ convert v hiki-kaemásu ᘤࡀን࠻ ࡱࡌ convey v hakobimásu 㐘ࡦࡱࡌ cook 1. n ryøri-nin ᩩ⌦ெ, kókku(-san) ࢤࢴࢠࡈࢆ , (Japanese chef) itamae ᯀ๑ 2. v (~s it) ryø´ri shimásu ᩩ⌦ࡊࡱࡌ, 3. v (it boils) niemásu ↳࠻ࡱࡌ cool 1. adj suzushíi ᾬࡊ࠷; (calm) reisei (na) ෫㟴࡝ ; (unperturbed) heiki (na) ᖲẴ࡝ 2. v it ~s off/ down samemásu ෫ࡴࡱࡌ, hiemásu ෫࠻ࡱࡌ; (~s it) hiyashimásu ෫ࡷࡊࡱࡌ cooperation n kyøryoku ༝ງ; (joint activity) kyødø භྜྷ copy 1. n (of a book) ... -bu ... 㒂, ichí-bu ୌ㒂 2. n (photocopy) kópii ࢤࣅ࣭ 3. n (reproduction) fukusha 々෕, fukusei 々⿿ 4. v (copies it) utsushimásu ෕ࡊ ࡱࡌ, fukusha/fukusei shimásu 々෕々⿿ࡊࡱࡌ; (imitates) nisemásu జࡎࡱࡌ; (makes a ~) kópii o torimásu, ࢤࣅ࣭ࢅ࡛ ࡽࡱࡌ cord n himo ࡥࡵ࣬ࣃ࣓࣬⣛, nawá ࡝ࢂ࣬⦎, kø´do ࢤ࣭ࢺ cordial adj shínsetsu (na) のว ࡝ , kokoro no komotta ᚨࡡࡆ ࡵࡖࡒ core n shín ࡊࢆ࣬ᚨ࣬ⰲ



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cork n kóruku ࢤࣜࢠ, sén ᰞ, korukú-sen ࢤࣜࢠᰞ cormorant n u ࢗ࣬㬴; cormorant fishing n ukai 㬴㣣࠷ corn n 1. (maize) tø-mórokoshi ࢹ࣓ࢗࣞࢤࢨ, køn ࢤ࣭ࣤ 2. (on skin) uonome 㨮ࡡ┘; (callus) táko ࡒࡆ, (bunion) mamé ࡱࡴ; soko-mame ᗇࡱࡴ corner n (outside) kádo ぽ; (inside) súmi 㝦 corporation n 1. (joint-stock



corporation) kabushiki-gáisha ᰬᘟఌ♣ 2. (incorporated association) shadan ♣ᅆ 3. (public corporation) kødan පᅆ corps n gundan ㌯ᅆ; Peace Corps heiwa-bútai ᖲ࿰㒂㝪 corpse n shitai Ṓమ, nakigara ࡝ ࡀ࠿ࡼ࣬ஷ㦹, shigai Ṓ㦹 correct 1. adj tadashíi ḿࡊ࠷ 2. v atarimásu ᙔࡒࡽࡱࡌ; (~s it) naoshimásu ├ࡊࡱࡌ, aratamemásu ᨭࡴࡱࡌ correspond (to ...) v (... ni) taiø shimásu... ࡞ ᑊᚺࡊࡱࡌ correspondence n (messages) tsüshin ㏳ಘ; (equivalence) taiø ᑊᚺ corridor n røka ᗧୖ cosmetics n (o-)keshø ࠽ ໩⢕, keshø-hin ໩⢕ဗ cost 1. n (expense) híyø ㈕⏕ 2. v it ~s (how much) (íkura) shimásu ࠷ࡂࡼ ࡊࡱࡌ; (requires) yø-shimásu こࡊࡱࡌ; at any cost nán to shité mo ర࡛ࡊ࡙ࡵ, náni



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costly



ga nánde mo ర࠿ర࡚ࡵ costly → expensive costume n fukusø ᭱⿞ cotton n wata ⥝, momen ᮄ⥝, kotton ࢤࢴࢹࣤ couch n ne-isu ᐱ᳌Ꮔ, naga-isu 㛏᳌Ꮔ cough v sekí o shimásu ဌࢅࡊ ࡱࡌ could → can; maybe counsel 1. n (guide, coach) shidøsha ᣞᑙ⩽ 2. v (~s them) shidø shimásu ᣞᑙࡊࡱࡌ count v kazoemásu ᩐ࠻ࡱࡌ counter n (shop ~) uri-ba ኉ࡽሔ counterclockwise adj hidari-máwari (ni) ᕞᅂࡽ࡞ counterfeit 1. adj nise (no) അࡡ 2. v nisemásu జࡎࡱࡌ; counterfeit bill n (currency) nisesatsu അ ᮈ࣬࡞ࡎᮈ࣬㉒ᮈ country n 1. kuni ᅗ;... -koku ... ᅗ 2. (countryside) inaka ࠷࡝࠾࣬ ⏛⯃; (outdoors) yagai 㔕አ county n gún 㑾 (U.S.); shü´ ᕗ



køto ࢤ࣭ࢹ 3. (imperial/royal) kyütei ᐋᘈ; court dances and music n búgaku ⯑ᴞ courtesy n reigí ♡ൢ cousin n itóko ࠷࡛ࡆ࣬ᚉඕᘭ࣬



ᚉ጗ግ cover n (lid) futa ࡨࡒ࣬⵱ kabå ࢜ࣁ࣭; (book, magazine, etc.) hyøshi´ ⾪⣤ cover v 1. (~s it) øimásu さ>࠽࠽@ ࠷ࡱࡌ; (includes all items) mø´ra shimásu ⥑⨮ࡊࡱࡌ 2. ~s up (conceals) fusemásu ఄࡎ ࡱࡌ cow n ushi ∭࣬ࢗࢨ coward n okubyø-mono ⮉⑋>᠀ ⑋࣬࠽ࡂࡦࡺ࠹@⩽ crab n kani ࢜ࢼ࣬⽛ crack 1. n suki (-ma) ㏩ࡀ㛣 ; (wide) ware-me ๪ࡿ┘; (fine) hibí ࡥࡦ࣬ࣃࣄ; (flaw) kizu ഭ 2. it ~s v waremásu ๪ࡿࡱࡌ cradle n yuri-kago ࡹࡽ࠾ࡇ࣬᥺ ࡽ⡪ crag n iwá ᒷ cram; ~s it in v tsumemásu ョࡴ (Britain) couple → two; a couple n (husband ࡱࡌ; it is crammed in tsumariand wife) fü´fu ኰ፦ másu ョࡱࡽࡱࡌ courage n yü´ki ຩẴ cram school n júku ሺ course n kø´su ࢤ࣭ࢪ; (in school) cramp n 1. (leg) tsuru ࡗࡾ 2. kamoku ⛁┘; (of action) høshin (stomach) ikeiren ⫮⑙᨝࣬⫮ ᪁㔢; (of time) keika ⤊㐛; ࡄ࠷ࡿࢆ (development) nariyuki ᠺࡽ crane n 1. (bird) tsúru ࢵࣜ࣬㭧 ⾔ࡀ࣬࡝ࡽࡹࡀ; in the ~ ... of 2. (machine) kurë´n ࢠ࣭ࣝࣤ crash n (plane) tsuiraku ቍⴘ; (during) ...-chu (ni) ୯࡞ court n 1. (of law) saiban-sho (collision) shøtotsu ⾢✲ ⿚ึᡜ, høtei Ἢᘈ 2. (sports) crass adj egetsunái ࠻ࡅࡗ࡝࠷



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cross



crate n wakú ᯗ, hako ⟵ crater n funka -kø ᄂℾཾ crawl v haimásu ࡢ࠷ࡱࡌ࣬㏲࠷ ࡱࡌ crazy adj 1. ki-chigái (no) Ẵ㐢 ࠷࣬ࡀࡔ࠿࠷ࡡ 2. is ~ about ... ni muchü désu ... ࡞ከ୯࡚ࡌ cream n kuríimu ࢠ࣭࣑ࣛ; cream puff n shü-kurímu ࢨ࣭ࣖࢠࣛ ࣭࣑ crease n 1. shiwa ࡊࢂ࣬⓶ 2. (pleat) orimé ᢙࡽ┘ create v tsukurimásu ㏸>๭@ࡽ ࡱࡌ creator n (god) søzø-shu ๭㏸୹, (artists) kurieitå ࢠ࢙ࣛ࢕ࢰ࣭ creature n séibutsu ⏍∸, kuriichå ࢠ࣭ࣛࢲ࣭ࣔ credit n 1. shin’yø ಘ⏕ 2. (one’s ~) noren ࡡࡿࢆ࣬ᬦ⡐ 3. (on ~) kaké ᤻ࡄ; buys it on ~ (on one’s account) tsuké de kaimásu ࡗࡄ ࡚㈑࠷ࡱࡌ; credit sales n kakeuri ᤻ࡄ኉ࡽ, uri-kake ኉ࡽ᤻ࡄ creed n shinjø ಘ᮪ creek n ogawa ᑚᕖ creep 1. v haimásu ࡢ࠷>㏲࠷@ ࡱࡌ; (baby) hai hai shimásu ࡢ ࠷ࡢ࠷ࡊࡱࡌ 2. that ~ n aitsu ࠵࠷ࡗ cremation n kasø ℾⴷ, shøkyaku ↕༴ crematorium n kasø-ba ℾⴷሔ crest; family ~ n monshø ⣘❮, món ⣘, kamon ᐓ⣘ crevice n ware-me ๪ࡿ┘ crew n (member) norikumí-in ஋



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⤄ဤ, (of ship) sen’in ⯢ဤ crime n tsúmi ⨝, hanzai ≚⨝ criminal n (culprit) hánnin ≚ெ crimson adj makká (na) ┷ࡖ㉝࣬ ࡱࡖ࠾࡝ cripple n shintai shøgaisha ㌗మ㝸 ᐐ⩽ crisis n (critical moment) kíkí ༱ᶭ crisp adj paripari (no) ࣂࣛࣂࣛ࣬ ࡤࡽࡤࡽࡡ criterion n (standard of judgment) monosáshí ࡵࡡࡈࡊ࣬∸ᕣࡊ࣬ ∸ᣞࡊ, kijun ᇱ‵ critic n hihyø-ka ᢀビᐓ, (judge) hihán-sha ᢀึ⩽; (commentator) hyøron-ka ビㄵᐓ critical adj (judgmental) hihanteki (na) ᢀึⓏ࡝ ; (urgent) kinkyü (na) ⥥᛬࡝ ; critical moment n kíkí ༱ᶭ criticize v hihyø shimásu ᢀビࡊࡱ ࡌ; (judges) hihan shimásu ᢀึ ࡊࡱࡌ; (comments on) hyøron shimásu ビㄵࡊࡱࡌ; (censures) sememásu ㈈ࡴࡱࡌ crocodile n wáni ࣠ࢼ࣬㪥 crony n nakama ௯㛣 crop n (harvest) minori ᐁࡽ, shükaku ཭✥ cross 1. n (symbol) júji ༎Ꮚ; (wooden) jüji-ka ༎Ꮚᯣ 2. n (“×”) bátsu ࡣࡗ (vs. maru ୷ “‫)”ې‬ cross v 1. (goes across) watarimásu ῳࡽࡱࡌ, yoko-girimásu ᶋ วࡽࡱࡌ; (goes over a height)



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crossing



koemásu ㉲࠻ࡱࡌ 2. (~es one’s crystal n suishø Ềᬏ, kesshø ⤎ᬏ, legs) ashí o kumimásu ⬦ࢅ⤄ࡲ kurisutaru ࢠࣛࢪࢰࣜ ࡱࡌ cub n ko Ꮔ crossing n (street intersection) cube n rippø (-tai) ❟᪁మ cuckoo n kákkø ࢜ࢴࢤࢗ; (little) køsa-ten ஹᕣⅤ crouch v shagamimásu ࡊࡶ࠿ࡲ hototógisu ࣌ࢹࢹ࢟ࢪ ࡱࡌ; (so as not to be seen) mi o cucumber n kyü´ri ࢞ࣖࢗࣛ; fusemásu ㌗ࢅఄࡎࡱࡌ (sushi-bar term) kappa ࢜ࢴࣂ crow n kárasu ࢜ࣚࢪ࣬Ⅺ࣬㬇 cuff n káfusu ࢜ࣆࢪ crowd n gunshü ⩄⾏, renjü/renchü culprit n hánnin ≚ெ ㏻୯; in crowds zórozoro ࡑࢀ cult n karuto ࢜ࣜࢹ ࡑࢀ cultivate v tagayashimásu ⪌ࡊࡱࡌ crowded; gets ~ komimásu ࡆࡲࡱ cultural shock n karuchå-shokku ࡌ࣬Ίࡲࡱࡌ crown n økan ⋜෗ Crown Prince n Køtáishi ⓒኯᏄ, Køtáishi-sama ⓒኯᏄᵕ; Crown Princess Køtáishi-hi ⓒኯᏄደ crude adj sómatsu (na) ⢊ᮆ࡝ , zatsu (na) 㞟࡝ cruel adj mugói ࡳࡇ࠷, tsurai ࡗ ࡼ࠷࣬㎖࠷, hakujø (na) ⷟᝗ ࡝ , zankoku (na) ṟ㓖࡝ , zangyaku (na) ṟ⹚࡝ cruise n kurüzu ࢠ࣭ࣜࢫ, funatabi ⯢᪉ crumble v (it ~s) kudakemásu ◃ࡄࡱࡌ; (~s it) kudakimásu ◃ࡀࡱࡌ crush v (~es it) tsubushimásu ࡗ ࡩࡊࡱࡌ࣬₵ࡊࡱࡌ; (it gets crushed) tsuburemásu ࡗࡩࡿࡱ ࡌ࣬₵ࡿࡱࡌ crust n kawá ⓮ crutch n matsuba-zúe ᮿⴝᮣ cry v nakimásu ἵࡀࡱࡌ; (cries out) sakebimásu ྆ࡦࡱࡌ



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࢜ࣜࢲ࣭ࣔࢨࣘࢴࢠ culture n (refinement) kyøyø ᩅ㣬; (farming) yøshoku 㣬 Ṣ; (civilization) búnka ᩝ ໩; Culture Day (3 November) Búnka no hí ᩝ໩ࡡ᪝; culture center n karuchå sentå ࢜ࣜࢲࣔ ࣭ࢬࣤࢰ࣭ cunning adj zurúi ࡍࡾ࠷ cup n (o-)cháwan ࠽ Ⲍ◿, koppu ࢤࢴࣈ, (with handle) káppu ࢜ࢴࣈ; (cupful) ... -hai ... ᮴ cupboard n (enclosed shelves) todana ᡖᲬ; (closet) oshi-ire ᢪ ࡊථࡿ curb 1. n (of road) hodø´ no fuchí Ṅ㐠ࡡ⦍࣬ࡨࡔ 2. v yokusei ᢒโࡊࡱࡌ 3. v (restrains) yokusei shimásu ᢒโࡊࡱࡌ cure v naoshimásu ἖ࡊࡱࡌ curios n kottø-hin 㦭⴯ဗ → antique curiosity n køkíshin ይዃᚨ curious adj (inquisitive) monó-



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cut



zukí (na) ∸ይࡀ࡝ ; (novel) mezurashíi ⌃ࡊ࠷࣬ࡴࡍࡼࡊ࠷ currant n rëzun ࣭ࣝࢫࣤ; hoshibudø ᖱࡊࣇࢺࢗ currency n (bill/note) (o-)satsu ࠽ ♡; shihei ⣤ᖨ current 1. adj (present) génzai no ... ⌟ᅹࡡ..., gén (-) ... ⌟...; current address n gen-jü´sho ⌟ప ᡜ 2. n (tide) chøryü ₳Ὦ; current affairs n jiji(mondai) ᫤஥ၡ㢗 3. n (electrical) denryü 㞹Ὦ curriculum n karikyuramu ࢜ࣛ ࣑࢞ࣖࣚ curriculum vitae n rirekisho ᒓṌ᭡ curry n karë ࣭࢜ࣝ; (with rice) karë-ráisu ࣭࢜ࣝࣚ࢕ࢪ curse 1. n noroi ࡡࢀ࠷࣬࿖࠷ 2. v (utters a ~) noroimásu ࡡࢀ ࠷>࿖࠷@ࡱࡌ, (reviles) nonoshirimásu ࡡࡡࡊࡽࡱࡌ࣬⨤ࡾ cursor n (computer) kåsoru ࣭࢜ ࢮࣜ cursory adj 1. (hasty) isogi (no) ᛬ࡁࡡ 2. (superficial) hyømen-teki (na) ⾪㟻Ⓩ࡝ 3. (perfunctory) ozanari (na) ࠽ࡉ࡝ࡽ࡝ curt adj bu-áisø (na) ↋យ᝷࡝ , bukkírábø (na) ࡩࡖࡀࡼ࡯࠹࡝ curtail v herashimásu ΅ࡼࡊࡱࡌ curtain n kå´ten ࣭࢜ࢷࣤ; (bamboo) sudare ࡌࡓࡿ; (stage) makú ᖞ curve 1. n magari ᭜࠿ࡽ; (road) kåbu ࣭࢜ࣇ; (bend) sorí ࡐࡽ࣬ ཬࡽ, (arch) yumi-gata ᘢᙟ



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2. it ~s v magarimásu ᭜࠿ࡽࡱ ࡌ 3. ~s it v magemásu ᭜ࡅࡱࡌ cushion n (seat) zabúton ᗑᕱᅆ; (spread) shiki-mono ᩔ∸; kusshon ࢠࢴࢨࣘࣤ custodian n 1. (janitor) kózukai ᑚ౐࠷, yømu-in ⏕ຸဤ 2. (administrator) kanri-nin ⟮⌦ெ custody n (child custody) yøikuken 㣬⫩ᶊ custom n 1. shükan ⩞ៈ 2. (tradition) dentø ఎ⤣ customary adj jü´rai (no) ᚉᮮࡡ customer n (o-)kyaku ࠽ ᐂ, o-kyaku-sámá ࠽ᐂᵕ; (patron) otokui ࠽ᚋណ, tokui-saki ᚋណ඙; customer service n kasutamå såbisu ࢜ࢪࢰ࣏࣭ࢦ࣭ࣄࢪ customs n (place) zeikan ⛧㛭; (tariff) kanzei 㛭⛧, zéi ⛧; customs duty n kanzei 㛭⛧ cut 1. v kirimásu วࡽࡱࡌ; (mows) karimásu ศࡽࡱࡌ; (it ~s well) kiremásu วࡿࡱࡌ 2. n (of cloth) kata ᆵ; (share) wake-mae ฦࡄ ๑; (percentage) rítsu ⋙; cuts the price v makemásu ㇿࡄࡱࡌ; cut across v yoko-girimásu ᶋวࡽ ࡱࡌ; cut back v sakugenshimásu ๎΅ࡊࡱࡌ; cut class v saborimásu ࡈ࡯ࡽࡱࡌ; cut down v (lessens) herashimásu ΅ࡼࡊ ࡱࡌ; (reduces) chijimemásu ࡔ ࡕࡴࡱࡌ࣬⦨ࡴࡱࡌ; (dilutes) warimásu ๪ࡽࡱࡌ; cut off v kirimásu วࡽࡱࡌ; tachimásu ⿚ ࡔࡱࡌ࣬᩷ࡔࡱࡌ࣬⤧ࡔࡱࡌ



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cute



cute adj kawaíi ࠾ࢂ࠷࠷࣬ྊយ ࠷, kawairashíi ࠾ࢂ࠷ࡼࡊ࠷࣬ ྊយࡼࡊ࠷ cuticle n 1. (nail) amakawa ⏉⓮ 2. (hair) kyutikuru ࣭࢞ࣖࢷ࢔ࢠ ࣜ 3. kuchikura ࢠࢲࢠࣚ cutlery n 1. (cutting instruments) há-mono ร∸ 2. (tableware) shokki-rui 㣏ჹ㢦 cutlet n kátsu(retsu) ࢜ࢵࣝࢵ ; pork cutlet n tonkatsu ㇔࢜ࢵ࡛࣬ ࢆ࠾ࡗ࣬ࢹࣤ࢜ࢵ cuttlefish n (squid) ika ࢕࢜ cyberspace n saibå-supësu ࢦ࢕ࣁ ࣭ࢪ࣭࣋ࢪ



cycle n (circulation) junkan ᚘ⎌, saikuru ࢦ࢕ࢠࣜ cyclone n saikuron ࢦ࢕ࢠࣞࣤ, teikiatsu ఩Ẵᅸ cylinder n tsutsu ➼, shirindå ࢨࣛ ࣤࢱ࣭ cymbal n shinbaru ࢨࣤࣁࣜ cynical adj hiniku (na) ⓮⫏࡝ , shinikaru (na) ࢨࢼ࢜ࣜ࡝ Cyprus n kipurosu ࢞ࣈࣞࢪ cyst n nøhø ᄙ⬂࣬ࡡ࠹࡮࠹; nøshu ⬳⭐࣬ࡡ࠹ࡊࡸ Czechoslovakia n chekosurobakia ࢲ࢘ࢤࢪࣞࣁ࢞࢓



D dab n hitonuri ࡥ࡛ሧࡽ࣬ࡥ࡛࡟ࡽ daddy, dad n papa ࣂࣂ dagger n tanken ▯๟ daily n 1. n (newspaper) nikkan(shi) ᪝ษ⣤ 2. adj (everyday) mainichi(no) Ẏ᪝ࡡ dainty adj 1. (delicate beauty) yübi (na) ඁ⨶࡝ , 2. n (something delicious) oishii-mono ࠽ ࠷ࡊ࠷ࡵࡡ࣬⨶࿝ࡊ࠷ࡵࡡ dairy n (milk shop) n gyünyü-ya ∭஘ᒁ dam n dámu ࢱ࣑ damage 1. n songai ᥾ᐐ; són ᥾࣬ ࡐࢆ, gái ᐐ, higai ⿍ᐐ࣬ࡥ࠿࠷, damëji ࢱ࣒࣭ࢩ 2. ~s it v itamemásu ഭࡴࡱࡌ, arashimásu Ⲡࡼࡊࡱࡌ࣬࠵ࡼࡊࡱࡌ;



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sokonaimásu ࡐࡆ࡝࠷ࡱࡌ࣬᥾ ࡝࠷ࡱࡌ Damn! interj Shimátta! ࡊࡱࡖࡒ㸖 damn (fool) n …-me …ࡴ; ~ idiot baka-me ࡣ࠾ࡴ damp 1. adj shimeppoi ‭ࡖࡰ࠷ ࣬ࡊࡴࡖࡰ࠷; 2. gets ~ v shimerimás ‭ࡽࡱࡌ࣬ࡊࡴࡽࡱࡌ, nuremásu ࡟ࡿࡱࡌ࣬⃷ࡿࡱࡌ dampness n shikki ‭Ẵ, shikke ‭ Ẵ࣬ࡊࡖࡄ dance 1. n odori ㊸ࡽ࣬࠽࡜ࡽ, dansu ࢱࣤࢪ 2. ~s v odorimásu ㊸ࡽࡱࡌ࣬࠽࡜ࡽࡱࡌ dancer n (Japanese-style) odorite ㊸ࡽᡥ; (Western-style) danså ࢱࣤࢦ࣭ dandruff n fuke ࡨࡄ



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dazed



Dane n (people) dën-zoku ࢸ࣭ࣤ ᪐, denmåku no minzoku ࢸ࣏ࣤ ࣭ࢠࡡẰ᪐ danger n kiken ༱㝜࣬࢞ࢢࣤ; (crisis) kyü ᛬; (fear/worry lest …) … osoré/shinpai …ᜅࡿ࣬࠽ࡐࡿ/ ᚨ㒼 dangerous adj abunai ༱࡝࠷࣬ ࠵ࡩ࡝࠷, kiken (na) ༱㝜࡝ ; yabái ࡷࡣ࠷; (delicate, ticklish) kiwadói ࡀࢂ࡜࠷ dangle v (dangles it) sagemásu ୖ ࡅࡱࡌ, tarashimásu ᆱࡼࡊࡱࡌ; (it dangles) taremásu ᆱࡿࡱࡌ Danish n 1. (language) denmåkugo ࢸ࣏࣭ࣤࢠㄊ (person) denmåku-jin ࢸ࣏࣭ࣤࢠெ 2. (pastry) denishu ࢸࢼࢴࢨࣖ dare (to do) v áete (shimásu) ࠵࠻ ࡙ࡊࡱࡌ dark 1. adj kurai ᬧ࠷; (color) kói [COLOR NAME] (no) ⃨࠷࣬ࡆ࠷ [COLOR NAME] ࡡ 2. the ~ n higure ᪝ᬵࡿ, yamí 㜄; it gets ~ hi ga kuremásu ᪝࠿ᬵࡿࡱࡌ darkness n (kura-)yami ᬧ 㜄࣬ ᬧ ࡷࡲ darling adj kawaíi ࠾ࢂ࠷࠷࣬ྊយ ࠷, kawairashíi ࠾ࢂ࠷ࡼࡊ࠷࣬ ྊយࡼࡊ࠷ darts n dåtsu ࢱ࣭ࢵ dashboard n dasshu-bødo ࢱࢴࢨ ࣭ࣖ࣍ࢺ data n dë´ta ࢸ࣭ࢰ, shiryø ㈠ᩩ database n dëtabësu ࢸ࣭ࢰ࣭࣊ࢪ date n 1. (of month) hizuke ᪝௛ ࡄ ࣬᪝ࡘࡄ; (complete) nen-



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gáppi ᖳ᭮᪝; ~ of birth seinengáppi ⏍ᖳ᭮᪝ 2. (engagement) (o-)yakusoku ࠽ ⣑ᮨ࣬࠽ ࡷࡂࡐࡂ 3. (a couple) dëto (shimásu) ࢸ࣭ࢹࡊࡱࡌ date n (fruit) natsume ࡝ࡗࡴ daughter n musume(-san) ፃ࣬ࡳ ࡌࡴࡈࢆ ; (your) ojø´ san ࠽Ꮃ ࡈࢆ; eldest ~ chøjo 㛏ዥ dawn n yoaké እ᪺ࡄ࣬እ࠵ࡄ, akegata ᪺ࡄ᪁࣬࠵ࡄ࠿ࡒ day n hi ᪝, …hí …᪝; (daytime) (o-)híru࣬࠽ ࡥࡾ࣬࠽᫠, hirumá ᫠㛣࣬ࡥࡾࡱ; the ~ in question, that very ~ tø´jitsu ᙔ᪝; (fixed) hinichi ᪝࡞ࡔ࣬ࡥ࡞ࡔ; day after tomorrow n asátte ࠵ࡈࡖ࡙᪺࣬ ᚃ᪝, myø´go-nichi ᪺ᚃ᪝; day before last/yesterday n ototói ࠽࡛࡛ ࠷࣬ୌᫎ᪝, issakú-jitsu ୌᫎ᪝; day off n yasumí (no hí) ఆࡲ࣬ࡷ ࡌࡲࡡ᪝ , kyüka ఆᬜ daydream 1. n küsø´ ✭᝷, hakuchümu Ⓣ᫠ከ 2. v bon’yári shimásu ࡯ࢆࡷࡽࡊࡱࡌ daylight n nitchü ᪝୯, hiru no hikari ᫠ࡡක days n 1 day ichi-nichí ୌ᪝, 2 days futsuka ஦᪝, 3 days mikka ୔᪝, 4 days yokka ᄿ᪝, 5 days itsuka ஫᪝, 6 days muika ඵ᪝, 7 days nanoka ୏᪝, 8 days yø´ka ඳ᪝, 9 days kokonoka ஐ᪝, 10 days tø´ka ༎᪝, 14 days jú-yokka ༎ᄿ᪝, 24 days ní-jü yokka ஦༎ ᄿ᪝; (others …-nichi …᪝) dazed; gets ~ bø´tto shimásu ࡯࠹ 401



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dazzling



ࡖ࡛ࡊࡱࡌ, madoimásu ᝠ࠷ࡱ ࡌ࣬ࡱ࡜࠷ࡱࡌ dazzling adj mabushíi ࡱࡩࡊ࠷࣬ ┾ࡊ࠷, mabayui ࡱࡣࡹ࠷࣬┾࠷ DC, direct current n chokuryü ├Ὦ dead 1. adj shinda …Ṓࢆࡓ… is ~ shinde imásu Ṓࢆ࡚࠷ࡱࡌ 2. ~ person n nakunatta hitó ஷࡂ ࡝ࡖࡒெ, shinda hitó Ṓࢆࡓெ, shinin Ṓெ deaden v 1. (becomes dead) shinimásu Ṓ࡞ࡱࡌ 2. (makes



less sensitive) mu-kankaku ni shimásu ↋វつ࡞ࡊࡱࡌ 3. (weakens) yowamarimásu ᘽࡱ ࡽࡱࡌ deadline n shimekiri ⥶ࡴวࡽ࣬ ࠎวࡽ ࣬ࡊࡴࡀࡽ, (saishü-) kígen ᭩⤂ ᭿㝀, kíjitsu ᭿᪝ deaf 1. n (person) mimí no kikoenai hito ⪝ࡡ⪲ࡆ࠻࡝࠷ெ; is ~ mimí ga fú-jiyü desu ⪝࠿୘⮤⏜ ࡚ࡌ 2. adj mimí no kikoenai ⪝ࡡ⪲ࡆ࠻࡝࠷, mimí ga fujiyü na ⪝࠿୘⮤⏜࡝ deafness n nanchø 㞬⫀ deal 1. n (transaction) torí-hiki ཱི ᘤ 2. v (cards) kubarimásu 㒼 ࡽࡱࡌ a good/great ~ → lots, much; deal in (sells) urimásu ኉ࡽ ࡱࡌ, hanbai shimásu ㈅኉ࡊࡱࡌ; deal with tori-atsukaimásu ཱིࡽ᡽ ࠷ࡱࡌ; (treats a person) ashiraimásu ࠵ࡊࡼ࠷ࡱࡌ;



(copes) shóri/shóbun/shóchi shimásu ฌ⌦ฌฦฌ⨠ࡊࡱࡌ dealer n kouriten ᑚ኉ᗉ, (retail



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outlet) hanbái-ten ㈅኉ᗉ, diirå ࢸ࢔࣭࣭ࣚ dean n gakubu-chø Ꮥ㒂㛏 dear adj 1. (beloved) itoshíi ࠷࡛ ࡊ࠷࣬យࡊ࠷, natsukashíi ᠔࠾ ࡊ࠷࣬࡝ࡗ࠾ࡊ࠷ 2. (precious) taisetsu (na) ኬว࡝ ; Dear dear! interj Oyaoya! ࠽ࡷ࠽ࡷ!; Dear me! interj (feminine) Må! ࡱ࠵ 3. Ѝ expensive dearly adv hijø (ni) 㟸ᖏ࡞ , kokoro-kara ᚨ࠾ࡼ death n shí Ṓ debacle n høkai ᓻቪ, døraku 㐠ᴞ debatable adj giron no yochi ga aru ㆗ㄵࡡఴᆀ࠿࠵ࡾ debate 1. n tø´ron ゞㄵ, ronsø´ ㄵண 2. ~s it v ron-jimásu ㄵ ࡋࡱࡌ debauchery n høtø ᨲⷑ debit n fusai ㇿബ, (bookkeeping) karikata ೇ᪁ debris n zangai ṟ㦹࣬ṟ࠿࠷ debt n shakkín ೇ㔘 debug n debaggu ࢸࣁࢴࢡ debut n debyü ࢸࣄ࣭ࣖ decade n jü nen-kan ༎ᖳ㛣࣬ ᖳ㛣 decadence n taihai ㏝ᗣ decaffeinated adj kafein nuki (no) ࢜ࣆ࢘࢕ࣤᢜࡀࡡ decay 1. v kuchimásu ᮑࡔࡱࡌ; kusarimásu ⭁ࡽࡱࡌ࣬ࡂࡈࡽࡱ ࡌ 2. n [BOOKISH] fuhai ⭁ᩃ deceased n the ~ kojin ᨶெ deceive → cheat deceit n 1. (lie) itsuwari അࡽ࣬࠷ࡗ



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defer



ࢂࡽ 2. (fraud) sagi ノḥ࣬ࢦ࢟ deception n (cheat) gomakashi ࡇ ࡱ࠾ࡊ, (fraud) sagi ノḥ࣬ࢦ࢟ December n Jüni-gatsú ༎஦᭮࣬ 12᭮ decency n reigi ♡ൢ decent adj (respectable) jø´hin (na) ୕ဗ࡝ , rippa (na) ❟Ὤ࣬ ࡽࡖࡤ࡝ decide v kimemásu Ửࡴࡱࡌ࣬ ࡀࡴࡱࡌ; kettei shimásu Ửᏽ ࡊࡱࡌ decision n kettei Ửᏽ deck n 1. (of ship) kanpan ⏝ᯀ, dékki ࢸࢴ࢞ 2. Ѝ pack (of cards) decline v 1. (refuses) kotowarimásu ᩷ࢂࡽࡱࡌ࣬ࡆ࡛ࢂࡽࡱ ࡌ, jitai shimásu ㎙㏝ࡊࡱࡌ 2. (it fades) otoroemásu ⾮࠻ࡱࡌ decode v kaidoku shimásu ゆㄖ ࡊࡱࡌ decompose v (rots) fuhai shimásu ⭁ᩃࡊࡱࡌ decor n søshoku (hin) ⿞㣥ဗ decorate v kazarimásu 㣥ࡽࡱࡌ࣬ ࠾ࡉࡽࡱࡌ decoration n kazari(-mono) 㣥 ࡽ࣬࠾ࡉࡽ∸ , sø´shoku ⿞㣥, dekorëshon ࢸࢤ࣭ࣝࢨࣘࣤ decorator n søshoku-sha ⿞㣥⩽ decoy n otori ࠽࡛ࡽ decrease 1. v (it ~s) herimásu ΅ࡽ ࡱࡌ, genshø shimásu ΅ᑛࡊࡱ ࡌ; (~s it) herashimásu ΅ࡼࡊࡱ ࡌ࣬࡫ࡼࡊࡱࡌ 2. n genshø ΅ᑛ decrepit adj 1. (infirm) røsui shita ⩹⾮ࡊࡒ 2. (dilapidated) røkyü-



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ka shita ⩹ᮑ໩ࡊࡒ dedicate v sasagemásu ᤕࡅࡱࡌ deduct v hikimásu ᘤࡀࡱࡌ࣬ ࡥࡀࡱࡌ deed n (act) shiwaza ௘ᴏ࣬ࡊࢂ ࡉ, kø´i ⾔Ⅵ, okonai ⾔࠷ deep adj 1. fukái ῕࠷࣬ࡨ࠾࠷ 2. (saturated color) kói ⃨࠷࣬ࡆ ࠷; ~ red makká (na) ┷ࡖ㉝࣬ ࡱࡖ࠾࡝ deer n shika 㮭࣬ࢨ࢜ deface v gaikan o sokonaimásu አ びࢅ᥾࡝࠷ࡱࡌ defamation n chüshø ୯ഭ; (~ of character) meiyo-kison ྞ・ Ი᥾ default n deforuto ࢸࣆ࢚ࣜࢹ, shoki-settei ิ᭿シᏽ defeat 1. n make ㇿࡄ࣬ࡱࡄ, shippai ኶ᩃ࣬ࡊࡖࡤ࠷ 2. v (~s) makashimásu ㇿ࠾ࡊࡱࡌ࣬ࡱ ࠾ࡊࡱࡌ, yaburimásu ◒ࡽࡱ ࡌ࣬ࡷࡩࡽࡱࡌ; (is defeated) makemásu ㇿࡄࡱࡌ࣬ࡱࡄࡱ ࡌ, mairimásu ཤࡽࡱࡌ࣬ࡱ࠷ ࡽࡱࡌ defecate v daibén o shimásu ኬ౼ ࢅࡊࡱࡌ defect n ketten ḖⅤ, kizu ഭ࣬ࡀࡍ defend v mamorimásu Ꮼࡽࡱࡌ࣬ ࡱࡵࡽࡱࡌ; kabaimásu ᗂ࠷ࡱ ࡌ࣬࠾ࡣ࠷ࡱࡌ defendant n hikoku(-nin) ⿍࿈ெ defense n (military) bøei 㜭⾠, (sport) bøgyo 㜭ᚒ, difensu ࢸ ࢔ࣆ࢘ࣤࢪ defer v nobashimásu ᘇࡣࡊࡱࡌ࣬



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deference



ࡡࡣࡊࡱࡌ deference n 1. (obedience) fukujü ᭱ᚉ 2. (respect) keii ᩏណ defiant adj hankø-teki (na) ཬᢘ Ⓩ࡝ deficiency n fusoku ୘㊂࣬ࡨࡐࡂ, ketsubø Ḗஇ, kekkan Ḗ㝏 deficit (figures) n aka-ji ㉝Ꮚ defile v yogoshimásu ỗࡊࡱࡌ define v teigi shimásu ᏽ⩇ࡊࡱࡌ definite adj (certain amount of) ittei (no) ୌᏽࡡ deformity n kikei ዃᙟ defy v …ni sakaraimásu …࡞㏣ ࡼ࠷ࡱࡌ degenerate adj daraku shiteiru ሃ ⴘࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ, daraku shita ሃⴘ ࡊࡒ degrade v (to lower in dignity) otoshimemásu ㈐ࡴࡱࡌ࣬࠽࡛ ࡊࡴࡱࡌ degree n 1. (extent) téido ⛤ᗐ࣬ ࡙࠷࡜, dó ᗐ, kagen ຊ΅; … 2. degrees (temperature) …-do …ᗐ; (higher learning) gákúi Ꮥన dehydrate v dassui-jøtai ni narimásu ⬲Ề≟ឺ࡞࡝ࡽࡱࡌ deity n shinsei ♼ᛮ, kami ♼ dejection n rakutan ⴘ⫱, iki shøchin ណẴᾐỷ delay v (~s it) okurasemásu 㐔ࡼ ࡎࡱࡌ࣬࠽ࡂࡼࡎࡱࡌ; (gets delayed) okuremásu 㐔ࡿࡱࡌ࣬ ࠽ࡂࡿࡱࡌ delegate 1. n (representative) daihyø ௥⾪ 2. n (alternate) dairi



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(-nin) ௥⌦ெ 3. v (commits to another) inin shimásu ጟ௴ ࡊࡱࡌ delete v tori-keshimásu ཱིࡽᾐࡊ ࡱࡌ࡛࣬ࡽࡄࡊࡱࡌ deliberate adj (intentional) kói (no) ᨶណࡡ ; (careful) shinchø´ (na) ួ㔔࣬ࡊࢆࡔࡺ࠹࡝ delicate adj (fine) bimyø´ (na) ᚜ ዼ࡝ ; (risky) kiwadói ࡀࢂ࡜ ࠷࣬㝷࡜࠷ delicious adj oishii ࠽࠷ࡊ࠷࣬⨶ ࿝ࡊ࠷, [INFORMAL] umái/nmái ࠹ࡱ࠷࣬ࢆࡱ࠷ delight 1. adj is delighted yorokobimásu ႌࡦࡱࡌ࣬ࡻࢀࡆࡦࡱࡌ; with great ~ ø´-yórokobi (de) ኬ ႌࡦ࡚ 2. n yorokobi ႌࡦ, tanoshimi ᴞࡊࡲ delinquent n (juvenile ~) hikø shønen shøjo 㟸⾔ᑛᖳᑛዥ, furyø ୘Ⰳ delirium n (pathology) seishin sakuran ⢥♼㘊஗, (excitement) køfun ⮾ዢ deliver v todokemásu ᒀࡄࡱࡌ࣬ ࡛࡜ࡄࡱࡌ delivery n 1. haitatsu 㒼㐡, deribarii ࢸࣛࣁ࣭ࣛ; restaurant ~ (service/person) demae ฝ๑ 2. (giving birth) shussan ฝ⏐ delta n (plain) sankaku-su ୔ぽᕗ deluge n (great flood) dai-køzui ኬὝỀ (downpour) gøu ㇞㞭 delusion n sakkaku 㘊つ deluxe adj jø´ ୕, jø´tø´ (no) ୕➴ ࡡ , gø´ka (na) ㇞⳱࡝ ; deluxe



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description



edition n gøka-ban ㇞⳱∟ demand 1. n yø´kyü/seikyü (shimásu) こịㄫịࡊࡱࡌ 2. v motomemásu ịࡴࡱࡌ; is in ~ (sells) uremásu ኉ࡿࡱࡌ democratic adj minshu-shúgi (no) Ằ୹୹⩇ࡡ , minshu-teki (na) Ằ୹Ⓩ࡝ demolish v kuzushimásu ᓻࡊࡱ ࡌ࣬ࡂࡍࡊࡱࡌ; hakai shimásu ◒ቪࡊࡱࡌ࣬ࡢ࠾࠷ࡊࡱࡌ demon n akuma ᝇ㨩, dëmon ࢸ ࣭࣓ࣤ denial n uchi-keshi ᡬࡔᾐࡊ࣬ᡬ ࡔࡄࡊ, hitei ྫྷᏽ denim n denimu ࢸࢼ࣑ denomination → sect dense adj kói ⃨࠷, mítsu (na) ᐠ ࡝ , missetsu (na) ᐠ᥃࡝ dent n kubomi ❉ࡲ࣬ࡂ࡯ࡲ dentist n há-isha ṉ༈⩽ denture n ireba ථࡿṉ deny v uchi-keshimásu ᡬࡔᾐ ࡊࡱࡌ࣬࠹ࡔࡄࡊࡱࡌ, hitei shimásu ྫྷᏽࡊࡱࡌ deodorant n (personal) shø´shüzai ᾐ⮧๠ department n (university, hospital) ká ⛁ (company, office) bumon 㒂㛓, bu 㒂, ka ㄚ department store n depå´to ࢸࣂ࣭ ࢹ, hyakká-ten Ⓤ㈄ᗉ departure n shuppatsu ฝⓆ; [TIME/ PLACE] ... hátsu (no …) ...Ⓠࡡ… ; point of departure n shuppátsú-ten ฝⓆⅤ; departure time n shuppátsújikoku ฝⓆ᫤็



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depend; v ~s on (… ni) tayorimásu …࡞ 㢏ࡽࡱࡌ, izon shimásu ౪Ꮛࡊࡱࡌ; it ~s (on …) (… ni) yorimásu …࡞ ࡻࡽࡱࡌ dependent n fuyø-kazoku ᡿㣬 ᐓ᪐ deposit 1. v azukemásu 㡰ࡄࡱ ࡌ࣬࠵ࡍࡄࡱࡌ; (money) yokin/ chokin shimásu 㡰㔘㈋㔘ࡊࡱ ࡌ; tsumimásu ✒ࡲࡱࡌ࣬ࡗࡲࡱ ࡌ 2. → downpayment depot n 1. (railroad station) eki 㥈 2. (bus station) basu hatchakujø ࣁࢪⓆ╌ሔ 3. (warehouse) søko ಲᗔ depressed adj 1. (feeling) ki ga omoi Ẵ࠿㔔>࠽ࡵ@࠷ 2. gets ~ hekomimásu ࡫ࡆࡲࡱࡌ depression n (hard times) fukéiki ୘ᬊẴ; (hollow) kubomi ࡂ࡯ࡲ ࣬❉ࡲ depth n fukása ῕ࡈ; (of color) kósa ⃨ࡈ derision n azakeri ࠵ࡉࡄࡽ, reishø ෫➏ descend v kudarimásu ୖࡽࡱࡌ descendant n shíson ᏄᏘ descent n 1. (going down) kudari ୖࡽ࣬ࡂࡓࡽ 2. (family line) kakei ᐓ⣌ describe v (pictures it) byøsha shimásu ᥝ෕ࡊࡱࡌ, (elaborates)



(no kotó) o kuwáshiku iimásu … ࡡࡆ࡛>஥@ ࢅリࡊࡂゕ࠷ࡱࡌ;



(explains it) setsumei shimásu



ㄕ᪺ࡊࡱࡌ → relate description n setsumei ㄕ᪺



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desert



desert n sabaku ▹₅࣬ࡈࡣࡂ design 1. n (sketch) zuan ᅒ᱄; dezain ࢸࢧ࢕ࣤ 2. v (plans it) hakarimásu ᅒࡽࡱࡌ࣬ࡢ࠾ࡽ ࡱࡌ; dezain shimásu ࢸࢧ࢕ࣤ ࡊࡱࡌ designate v atemásu ᙔ࡙ࡱࡌ࣬࠵ ࡙ࡱࡌ; shitei shimásu ᣞᏽࡊࡱࡌ desirable adj nozomashii ᭻ࡱࡊ࠷ ࣬ࡡࡑࡱࡊ࠷, hoshíi ḟࡊ࠷࣬࡮ ࡊ࠷; most ~ (ideal) motte-kói (no) ࡵࡖ࡙ࡆ࠷ࡡ desire 1. n nozomi ᭻ࡲ, omói ᛦ ࠷, nén ᛍ; (hope) kibø ᕵ᭻ 2. ~s it v (… ga) hoshíi …࠿ ḟࡊ࠷; (wants to do) (shi-) tái desu ࡊ ࡒ࠷࡚ࡌ; (hopes for) nozomimásu ᭻ࡲࡱࡌ desk n tsukue ᮐ࣬ࡗࡂ࠻, taku ༜; (desk-top) takujø´ ༜୕ despair n zetsubø´ ⤧᭻, yáke ࡷࡄ desperate adj hisshi (no) ᚪṒࡡ desperately adv (hard) isshø´-kénmei (ni) ୌ⏍ᠩ࿤࡞ despise v keibetsu shimásu ㍅ⶔ ࡊࡱࡌ despite (that) prep …ni mo kakawarazu …࡞ࡵ࠾࠾ࢂࡼ ࡍ࣬࡞ࡵ㛭ࢂࡼࡍ dessert n dezå´to ࢸࢧ࣭ࢹ destination n iki sakí ⾔ࡀ඙, mokutekí chi ┘Ⓩᆀ; (last stop) shüten ⤂Ⅴ destiny n únmei 㐘࿤ destroy v kowashimásu ቪࡊࡱ ࡌ; hakai shimásu ◒ቪࡊࡱࡌ;



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horoboshimásu ⁓࡯ࡊࡱࡌ detach v hanashimásu 㞫ࡊࡱࡌ࣬ ࡢ࡝ࡊࡱࡌ detailed adj kuwashíi リࡊ࠷࣬ ࡂࢂࡊ࠷; bisai (na) ᚜⣵࡝ ; (machine, etc.) seimitsu (na) ⢥ᐠ࣬ࡎ࠷ࡲࡗ࡝ details n kuwashíi koto リࡊ࠷ࡆ ࡛, shø´sai リ⣵; (complexities) ikisatsu ࠷ࡀࡈࡗ࣬⤊⦃ detect → discover → discern detective n 1. (consulting ~) tantei ᥀ം 2. (police) kéiji ฬ஥ 3. (investigator) søsa-kan ᤒᰕᏻ deteriorate v (weather) kuzuremásu ᓻࡿࡱࡌ determination n (decision) kettei Ử ᏽ; (resolve) késshín Ửᚨ detest v nikumimásu ៦ࡲࡱࡌ࣬ ࡞ࡂࡲࡱࡌ detour n mawari-michi ᅂࡽ㐠࣬ ࡱࢂࡽ㐠, ukai ㎵ᅂ࣬࠹࠾࠷, tø´máwari 㐪ᅂࡽ࣬㐪ࡱࢂࡽ devastate v arashimásu Ⲡࡼࡊࡱࡌ develop v (it unfolds) hattatsu/ hatten shimásu Ⓠ㐡Ⓠᒈࡊࡱࡌ developing nation n hatten tojø´koku Ⓠᒈ㏭୕ᅗ, køshinkoku ᚃ㐅ᅗ development n hattatsu Ⓠ㐡, hatten Ⓠᒈ, kaihatsu 㛜Ⓠ, (process) nariyuki ᠺࡽ⾔ࡀ࣬࡝ ࡽࡹࡀ, (course) keika ⤊㐛 device n (gadget) shikake ௘᤻ ࡄ࣬ࡊ࠾ࡄ; (scheme) kufü ᕝኰ devil n (ogre) oní 㨛࢛࣬ࢼ, (Satan) ákuma ᝇ㨩࣬࢓ࢠ࣏



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dignity



dew n tsúyu 㟚࣬ࡗࡹ diabetes n tø´nyø´-byø´ ⢶ᑺ⑋ diagonal adj nanáme (no) ᩫࡴ࣬ ࡝࡝ࡴࡡ diagram n zu ᅒ, zuhyø´ ᅒ⾪, zukai ᅒゆ dial n (telephone) daiyaru ࢱ࢕ ࣕࣜ dialect n hø´gén ᪁ゕ; (regional accent) namarí ࡝ࡱࡽ dialogue n (conversation) taiwa ᑊ ヨ, kaiwa ఌヨ diameter n chokkei ├ᙼ diamond n daiya ࢱ࢕ࣕ, daiyamóndo ࢱ࢕࣓ࣕࣤࢺ, kongø´seki 㔘๙▴࣬ࡆࢆࡇ࠹ࡎࡀ diapers n oshíme ࠽ࡊࡴ, omútsu ࠽ࡳࡗ diarrhea n geri ୖ②࣬ࡅࡽ diary n nikki ᪝エ, daiarii ࢱ࢕࢓ ࣭ࣛ dice n saikóro ࡈ࠷ࡆࢀ࣬ࢦ࢕ ࢤࣞ dictation n kakítori ᭡ࡀཱིࡽ࣬ ࠾ࡀ࡛ࡽ, dikutëshon ࢸ࢔ࢠࢷ ࣭ࢨࣘࣤ dictator n dokusái-sha ≺⿚⩽, wánman ࣏࣠ࣤࣤ dictionary n jibikí Ꮚᘤࡀ , jishó ㎙᭡࣬ࡋࡊࡺ, jiten ㎙඼࣬ࡋ࡙ࢆ did v shimáshita ࡊࡱࡊࡒ die v shinimásu Ṓ࡞ࡱࡌ, nakunarimásu ஷࡂ࡝ࡽࡱࡌ; íki o híki-torimásu ᜝ࢅᘤࡀཱིࡽࡱࡌ diesel n diizeru ࢸ࢔࣭ࢭࣜ diet n kitéi-shoku ぜᏽ㣏, daiettoshoku ࢱ࢕࢙ࢴࢹ㣏; daietto



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(shimásu) ࢱ࢕࢙ࢴࢹࡊࡱࡌ Diet n (parliament) kokkai ᅗఌ, gikai ㆗ఌ; (building) (kokkai) giji-dø´ ᅗఌ ㆗஥ᇸ differ v kotonarimásu ␏࡝ࡽࡱࡌ; ~ in opinion íken ga chigaimásu ណず࠿㐢࠷ࡱࡌ difference n chigai 㐢࠷, sø´i ┞㐢, sa ᕣ࣬ࡈ, sái ᕣ␏; (a big difference) táisa ኬᕣ࣬ࡒ࠷ࡈ; it makes no ~ kamaimasén ᵋ࠷ࡱࡎࢆ࣬ ࠾ࡱ࠷ࡱࡎࢆ different adj is ~ chigaimásu 㐢࠷ ࡱࡌ࣬ࡔ࠿࠷ࡱࡌ; kotonarimásu ␏࡝ࡽࡱࡌ࣬ࡆ࡛࡝ࡽࡱࡌ; a ~ direction tahø´ ௙᪁; ~ opinion/ view iron ␏ㄵ difficult adj muzukashii 㞬ࡊ࠷࣬ ࡳࡍ࠾ࡊ࠷; kónnan (na) ᅏ㞬 ࡝ ; (hard to do) shi-nikúi ࡊ࡞ ࡂ࠷, shi-gatai ࡊ࠿ࡒ࠷࣬ࡊ㞬 ࠷; (requires much effort) honé ga oremásu 㦭࠿ᢙࡿࡱࡌ difficulty n kónnan ᅏ㞬; (hardship) kurø´ ⱖຘ; (problem) mondai ၡ 㢗; (nuisance) mendø´ 㟻಻࣬ࡴ ࢆ࡜࠹; with ~ yatto ࡷࡖ࡛ diffusion n fukyü´ ᬉཀྵ dig v horimásu ᤸࡽࡱࡌ digestion n shø´ka ᾐ໩ digit n 1. (Arabic figures) (arabia) süji ࢓ࣚࣄ࢓ ᩐᏊ 2. (digit number) ketasü ᰾ᩐ 3. (finger or toe) yubi ᣞ digital n dejitaru ࢸࢩࢰࣜ dignity n 1. (nobility) hin(-sei) ဗ ᛮ , kihin Ẵဗ 2. (respect and



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digress



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honor) songen ᑕཚ; death with ~ direct 1. adj chokusetsu (no) ├᥃ ࡡ ; goes ~ (through to destinasongen-shi ᑕཚṒ digress v soremásu ࡐࡿࡱࡌ࣬ tion) chokusetsu ikimásu ├᥃⾔ 㐋ࡿࡱࡌ ࡀࡱࡌ 2. v (tells the way) dike n (levee) tsutsumí ላ࣬ࡗࡗ (michi o) oshiemásu 㐠ࢅ ᩅ࠻ ࡲ, teibø´ ላ㜭࡙࣬࠷࡯࠹ ࡱࡌ 3. v (guides, coaches) dilemma n tø´waku ᙔᝠ, jirenma shidø´ shimásu ᣞᑙࡊࡱࡌ; ࢩ࣏ࣝࣤ (a film) kantoku shimasu ┐╡ diligent adj kinben (na) ໂຫ࡝ , ࡊࡱࡌ direction n 1. hø´kø´ ᪁ྡྷ; kentø´ mame (na) ࡱࡴ࡝ dilute 1. v (~s it) (mizu de) wariずᙔ; hø´mén ᪁㟻; … (no) hø´ másu Ề࡚ ๪ࡽࡱࡌ, usume… ࡡ ᪁; hø´gaku ᪁ぽ 2. directions (instructions) shíji másu ⷟ࡴࡱࡌ 2. adj (~ acid) ᣞ♟, oshie ᩅ࠻; gives ~ (to a nødo ga usui ⃨ᗐ࠿⷟࠷ dim 1. adj (faint) kásuka (na) ࠾ destination) michi o oshiemásu ࡌ࠾࣬᚜࠾࡝ , (dark) kurai ᬧ 㐠ࢅᩅ࠻ࡱࡌ ࠷࣬ࡂࡼ࠷ 2. v (gets ~, hazy) directly adv chokusetsu (ni) ├᥃ ࡞ , zutto ࡍࡖ࡛, jika-ni ࡋ࠾ kasumimásu ࠾ࡌࡲࡱࡌ࣬㟐 ࡲࡱࡌ ࡞࣬├࡞, (immediately) sugu ࡌ dimple n ékubo ࠻ࡂ࡯ ࡃ, (shortly) ma-mó-naku 㛣ࡵ࡝ din n søon 㥹㡚 ࡂ࣬ࡱࡵ࡝ࡂ dine v shokuji (o) shimásu 㣏஥ director n 1. (coach) shidø´-sha ᣞ ࢅ ࡊࡱࡌ ᑙ⩽ 2. (of a film) kantoku ┐╡, dinner n (meal) shokuji 㣏஥, direkutå ࢸ࢔ࣝࢠࢰ࣭ directory n (telephone) denwa-chø´ góhan ࡇ㣜࣬ࡇࡢࢆ, (supper) 㞹ヨᖋ; (list of names) meibo ban góhan ᬄࡇ㣜࣬ᬄࡇࡢࢆ dinosaur n kyøryü ᜅ❫ ྞ⡑ diploma n 1. menjø´ ඞ≟ 2. (grad- dirt n yogore ỗࡿ࣬ࡻࡇࡿ; (filth) uation ~) sotsugyø-shøsho ༛ᴏ doró ἶ࣬ࢺࣞ; (grime) aká ࠵ チ᭡ ࠾࣬ᇃ; (soil) tsuchí ᅰ diplomacy n gaikø´ አஹ dirty 1. adj kitanái ỗ࠷࣬ࡀࡒ࡝ diplomat n (diplomatic official) ࠷, fuketsu (na) ୘₡࡝ 2. adj gaikø´-kan አஹᏻ; (diplomatic (~-minded) gehin (na) ୖဗ࡝ ; person) gaikø´-ka አஹᐓ étchi (na) ࢙ࢴࢲ࡝ 3. v gets ~ diplomatic adj gaikø´-teki (na) አ yogoremásu ỗࡿࡱࡌ࣬ࡻࡇࡿ ஹⓏ࡝ ; gaikø´ (no) አஹࡡ ; ࡱࡌ 4. v dirties it yogoshimásu diplomatic relations n gaikø´ አஹ ỗࡊࡱࡌ࣬ࡻࡇࡊࡱࡌ 408



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discussion



disability n shintai-shøgai ㌗మ 㝸ᐐ disadvantage n són ᥾࣬ࡐࢆ, fúri ୘ฺ; (shortcoming) ketten ḖⅤ, mainasu ࣏࢕ࢻࢪ, tánsho ▯ᡜ disagreement n fu-itchi ୘ୌ⮬ disappointment n shitsubø´ ኶᭻, kitai hazure ᭿ᙽࡢࡍࡿ, rakutan ⴘ⫱; (in love) shitsuren ኶ᜂ disapprobation n fu-sansei ୘㈮ᠺ disapproval n 1. (disfavor) fu-sansei ୘㈮ᠺ, (nonrecognition) fu-shønin ୘ᢆヾ 2. (accusation) hinan 㟸㞬 disaster n sø´nan 㐴㞬࣬ࡐ࠹࡝ࢆ, sainán ⅇ㞬࣬ࡈ࠷࡝ࢆ; has a ~ sø´nan shimásu 㐴㞬ࡊࡱࡌ࣬ࡐ ࠹࡝ࢆࡊࡱࡌ disastrous adj taihen (na) ኬን࣬ ࡒ࠷࡫ࢆ࡝ discard v sutemásu ᤖ࡙ࡱࡌ discern v 1. (discriminates) shikibetsu shimásu ㆉืࡊࡱࡌ 2. → see discharge v (from employment) káiko shimásu ゆ㞘ࡊࡱࡌ disciple n deshí ᘭᏄ࡚࣬ࡊ discipline 1. n kiritsu ぜᚂ, chitsujo ⛓ᗆ; shitsuke ࡊࡗࡄ 2. v (drills, trains) kitaemásu 㘣࠻ࡱࡌ࣬ࡀ ࡒ࠻ࡱࡌ, (brings up children, …) shitsukemásu ࡊࡗࡄࡱࡌ disclose v (public) køkai shímásu ප㛜ࡊࡱࡌ; abakimásu ᬸࡀ ࡱࡌ࣬࠵ࡣࡀࡱࡌ; is disclosed barémásu ࡣࡿࡱࡌ disco n disuko ࢸ࢔ࢪࢤ discomfort n fukai(-kan) ୘ᛄវ



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disconnect v hazushimásu አࡊࡱ ࡌ࣬ࡢࡍࡊࡱࡌ, hanashimásu 㞫 ࡊࡱࡌ࣬ࡢ࡝ࡊࡱࡌ, kirimásu วࡽࡱࡌ࣬ࡀࡽࡱࡌ discontented adj fuman (na) ୘ ‫ ࡝ࢆࡱࡨ࣬‮‬ discount n wari-biki ๪ᘤ࣬ࢂࡽࡦ ࡀ, ne-biki ೋᘤࡀ࣬ࡠࡦࡀ discourage v ki o kujikimásu Ẵࢅ ࡂࡋࡀࡱࡌ; gets discouraged ki ga kujikemásu Ẵ࠿ࡂࡋࡄࡱࡌ discourtesy n búrei ↋♡, shitsúrei ኶♡ discover v 1. (finds) mitsukemásu ずࡗࡄࡱࡌ࣬ࡲࡗࡄࡱࡌ, hakken shimásu Ⓠずࡊࡱࡌ → find out 2. is discovered barémásu ࡣࡿࡱ ࡌ; abakaremásu ᬸ࠾ࡿࡱࡌ࣬ ࠵ࡣ࠾ࡿࡱࡌ discrepancy n chigai 㐢࠷࣬ࡔ࠿࠷, sa ᕣ࣬ࡈ, sø´i ┞㐢, kuichigai 㣏࠷㐢࠷࣬ࡂ࠷ࡔ࠿࠷; (gap) zuré ࡍࡿ discretion n tsutsushimi ួࡲ࣬ࡗ ࡗࡊࡲ, funbetsu ฦื discriminate v (distinguishes them) mi-wakemásu ずฦࡄࡱࡌ, shikibetsu shimásu ㆉืࡊࡱࡌ discrimination n sábetsu ᕣื࣬ ࡈ࡬ࡗ; kúbetsu ༇ื࣬ࡂ࡬ࡗ; (distinguishing) shikibetsu ㆉื discuss v (talks it over) hanashiaimásu ヨࡊྙ࠷ࡱࡌ࣬ࡢ࡝ࡊ ࠵࠷ࡱࡌ, sø´dan shimásu ┞ㄧ ࡊࡱࡌ; (debates, argues) ronjimásu ㄵࡋࡱࡌ discussion n hanashi-ai ヨࡊྙ࠷



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disease



࣬ࡢ࡝ࡊ࠵࠷; hanashí ヨ࣬ࡢ࡝ ࡊ; kyø´gí ༝㆗; (argument) rón ㄵ, (debate) tø´ron ゞㄵ, ronsø´ ㄵண disease n byø´ki ⑋Ẵ disembark v jø´riku shimásu ୕ 㝛ࡊࡱࡌ disgrace n hají ᜕࣬ࡢࡋ; chijoku ᜕㎧, ojoku ỗ㎧ disgraceful adj hazukashíi ᜕ࡍ࠾ ࡊ࠷࣬ࡢࡍ࠾ࡊ࠷ disgusted; gets ~ akiremásu ࿄ࡿࡱ ࡌ࣬࠵ࡀࡿࡱࡌ; iyá ni narimásu ᎒࡞࡝ࡽࡱࡌ࣬࠷ࡷ࡞࡝ࡽࡱࡌ dish n (o-)sara ࠽ ⓸࣬࠽ ࡈࡼ; shokki 㣏ჹ dishearten → discourage dishonest adj fu-seijitsu (na/no) ୘ ㄌᐁ࡝ࡡ , fu-shøjiki (na/no) ୘ḿ├࡝ࡡ , fusei (na/no) ୘ ḿ࡝ࡡ disinfectant n shø´dokú-yaku/zai ᾐẐⷾ๠ dislike v … ga kirai désu …࠿᎒ ࠷࡚ࡌ࣬…࠿ࡀࡼ࠷࡚ࡌ, …o iya-garimásu …ࢅ᎒࠿ࡽࡱ ࡌ࣬…ࢅ࠷ࡷ࠿ࡽࡱࡌ dismal adj (gloomy) uttø´shíi ࠹ ࡖ࡛࠹ࡊ࠷ dismissal n (from employment) káiko ゆ㞘; (of servant) hima ᬜ࣬ࡥࡱ disobedient adj hankø-teki (na) ཬ ᢘⓏ࡝ disobey v … ni somukimásu …࡞ ⫴ࡀࡱࡌ࣬…࡞ࡐࡳࡀࡱࡌ disorder n konran Ί஗, kónzatsu



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Ί㞟, midaré ஗ࡿ࣬ࡲࡓࡿ, yamí 㜄; in ~ mechamecha ࡴࡔ ࡶࡴࡔࡶ disorderly adj ranbø´ (na) ஗ᬸ࣬ ࡼࢆ࡯࠹࡝ dispensary n yakkyoku ⷾᑻ disperse v (they scatter) chirimásu ᩋࡽࡱࡌ࣬ࡔࡽࡱࡌ display → show displeased adj fu-kigen (na) ୘ᶭ ᎒࣬ࡨࡀࡅࢆ࡝ dispose v shímatsu shimásu ጙ ᮆࡊࡱࡌ; shóri shimásu ฌ⌦ ࡊࡱࡌ disposition n 1. seishitsu ᛮ㈹; (nature) táchi ࡒࡔ࣬㈹, shø´ ᛮ; (temperament) ténsei ኮᛮ; (attitude) táido ឺᗐ 2. (dealing with) shóri ฌ⌦, shóchi ฌ⨠ dispute n arasoi ண࠷࣬࠵ࡼࡐ࠷, tø´ron ゞㄵ, sø´ron ணㄵ dissatisfied adj fuman (na) ୘‫࣬‮‬ ࡨࡱࢆ࡝ dissertation n ronbun ㄵᩝ dissipation n dø´raku 㐠ᴞ dissolve v (~s it) tokashimásu ⁈ ࠾ࡊࡱࡌ࡛࣬࠾ࡊࡱࡌ; (it ~s) tokemásu ⁈ࡄࡱࡌ࡛࣬ࡄࡱࡌ distance n kyóri ㊝㞫࣬ࡀࡺࡽ distant adj (far) tø´i 㐪࠷࡛࣬࠽ ࠷, háruka (na) ࡢࡾ࠾࣬㐮࠾ ࡝ ; gets ~ hedatarimásu 㝰ࡒࡽ ࡱࡌ࣬࡫ࡓࡒࡽࡱࡌ distinct adj hakkíri to shimásu ࡢ ࡖࡀࡽ࡛ࡊࡱࡌ distinctly adv hakkíri ࡢࡖࡀࡽ distinguish v (discriminates) mi-



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does



wakemásu ずฦࡄࡱࡌ, shikibetsu divide v (~s it) warimásu ๪ࡽࡱࡌ ࣬ࢂࡽࡱࡌ, wakemásu ฦࡄࡱࡌ shimásu ㆉืࡊࡱࡌ distort v yugamemásu ࡹ࠿ࡴࡱࡌ ࣬ࢂࡄࡱࡌ; (it ~s) waremásu ๪ ࣬ṅࡴࡱࡌ ࡿࡱࡌ࣬ࢂࡿࡱࡌ; wakaremásu distortion n yugami ࡹ࠿ࡲ࣬ṅࡲ ฦ࠾ࡿࡱࡌ࣬ࢂ࠾ࡿࡱࡌ; ~ distract v ki o chirashimásu Ẵࢅ roughly (into main categories) ᩋࡼࡊࡱࡌ taibetsu shimásu ኬืࡊࡱࡌ distress 1. n nayamí ᝆࡲ࣬࡝ࡷ division n bú 㒂; (army) shídan ᖅ ࡲ, kurushimi ⱖࡊࡲ࣬ࡂࡾࡊࡲ ᅆ; (branching) wakaré ฦ࠾ࡿ; 2. v (afflicts) kurushimemásu ⱖ (math calculation) warízan ๪ࡽ⟤ divorce 1. n rikon 㞫፡ 2. v rikon ࡊࡴࡱࡌ࣬ࡂࡾࡊࡴࡱࡌ; gets distressed kurushimimásu ⱖࡊࡲ shimásu 㞫፡ࡊࡱࡌ ࡱࡌ࣬ࡂࡾࡊࡲࡱࡌ dizzy adj 1. me ga mararu ┘࠿ᅂ distribute v kubarimásu 㒼ࡽࡱ ࡾ; feel ~ memai ga shimásu ࡴ ࡌ࣬ࡂࡣࡽࡱࡌ; wakemásu ฦࡄ ࡱ࠷࠿ࡊࡱࡌ 2. bakageta ࡣ ࡱࡌ࣬ࢂࡄࡱࡌ distribution n ryütsü Ὦ㏳ district n chihø´ ᆀ᪁; hø´mén ᪁㟻, …-hø´men …᪁㟻 disturb v (… no) jama o shimásu …ࡡ ࡋࡶࡱ>㑟㨩@ࢅࡊࡱࡌ disturbance n (intrusion) (o-)jama ࠽ ࡋࡶࡱ࣬㑟㨩; (unrest) sø´dø´ 㥹ິ; (strife) arasoi ண ࠷, rán ஗ disused adj fuyø´ (no) ୘こࡡ ditch 1. n mizo ‹; horí ᇷ 2. v mizo o horimásu ‹ࢅᤸࡽࡱࡌ dive (under) v mogurimásu ₧ࡽ ࡱࡌ࣬ࡵࡃࡽࡱࡌ, tobikomimásu 㣍ࡦ㎰ࡲࡱࡌ࡛࣬ࡦࡆࡲࡱࡌ, daibingu shimásu ࢱ࢕ࣄࣤࢡ ࡊࡱࡌ diver n daibå´ ࢱ࢕ࣁ࣭; (woman pearl diver) áma ᾇዥ࣬࠵ࡱ diverse adj sama zama (na) ࡈࡱ ࡉࡱ࣬ᵕࠍ࡝



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࠾ࡅࡒ do v shimásu ࡊࡱࡌ; yarimásu ࡷࡽࡱࡌ; nashimásu ࡝ࡊࡱ ࡌ; (performs) okonaimásu ⾔࠷ ࡱࡌ; ~ it (deprecating object) yarakashimásu ࡷࡼ࠾ࡊࡱࡌ; ~ it over (again) yari-naoshimásu ࡷࡽ├ࡊࡱࡌ࣬ࡷࡽ࡝࠽ࡊࡱࡌ docile adj súnao (na) ࡌ࡝࠽࣬ ⣪├࡝ dock n dókku ࢺࢴࢠ, ganpeki ᓃ ባ࣬࠿ࢆ࡭ࡀ doctor n 1. (physician) (o-)isha(san) ࠽ ༈⩽ࡈࢆ , senséi ඙⏍ 2. (Ph.D.) hákase ༡ኃ࣬ࡢ࠾ࡎ document n shorui ᭡㢦, bunsho ᩝ᭡, bunken ᩝ⊡ documentary n dokyumentarii ࢺ࢞ ࣒ࣖࣤࢰ࣭ࣛ dodge v (turns it aside) sorashimásu ࡐࡼࡊࡱࡌ࣬㐋ࡼࡊࡱࡌ does → do; doesn’t → don’t



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dog



dog n inú ≗࣬࢕ࢽ; dog tag n (dog license) inú no kansatsu ≗ࡡ㚯ᮈ doll n (o-)ningyø´࣬࠽ ࡞ࢆࡁࡺ ࠹࠽ ெᙟ; festival doll hinaníngyø´ ࡥ࡝ெᙟ࣬㞦ெᙟ dollar n dóru ࢺࣜ dolphin n iruka ࢕ࣜ࢜ domestic adj (not foreign) kokúnai (no) ᅗහࡡ ; (domestically made) kokusan (no) ᅗ⏐ࡡ ; domestic help n otetsudai(-san) ࠽ ᡥఎ࠷ࡈࢆ , kaji-tetsudaiᐓ஥ ᡥఎ࠷ domino n domino ࢺ࣐ࢿ done v (ready) dekimáshíta ฝᮮࡱ ࡊࡒ࡚࣬ࡀࡱࡊࡒ, dékite imásu ฝᮮ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ࡚࣬ࡀ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ;



(finished) (shi-)te shimaimáshíta ࡊ ࡙ࡊࡱ࠷ࡱࡊࡒ; well-done adj yóku yaketa Ⰳ>ࡻ@ࡂ↕ࡄࡒ, (beef) wérudan ࢗ࢘ࣜࢱࣤ donkey n róba ࣞࣁ don’t v shimasén ࡊࡱࡎࢆ; don’t (do it)! interj (shité wa) damé desu/da ࡊ࡙ࡢ ࡓࡴ࡚ࡌࡓ, ikemasén ࠷ࡄࡱࡎࢆ; (shi-)náide kudasai ࡊ ࡝࠷࡚ୖ>ࡂࡓ@ࡈ࠷; Don’t worry about it. Go-shinpai náku. ࡇᚨ㒼࡝ࡂ࣬ࡇࡊࢆࡤ࠷࡝ࡂ. door n to ᡖ, dóa ࢺ࢓; (hinged) hiraki-do 㛜ࡀᡖ࣬ࡥࡼࡀᡖ; (opaque sliding) fusuma ࡨࡌࡱ ࣬〴; ~ wing, ~ of a gate tobira ᡤ࡛࣬ࡦࡼ dope n (narcotic) mayaku 㯖ⷾ dormitory n kishúkusha ᐞᐙ⯃, ryø´ ᐿ



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dose n ikkai-ryø ୌᅂ㔖, ikkaibun ୌᅂฦ dot n ten Ⅴ࡙࣬ࢆ, chóbo ࡔࡺ࡯, póchi ࡰࡔ, pótsu ࡰࡗ; (with) dots bótsu botsu ࡯ࡗ࡯ࡗ double 1. adj bai (no) ಶࡡ , (two-layer) ni-jü (no) ஦㔔ࡡ ; double bed n daburu-béddo ࢱࣇ ࣜ࣊ࢴࢺ; double boiler n nijü-nábe ஦㔔㘘࣬஦㔔࡝࡬; doubles n (tennis) dáburusu ࢱࣇࣜࢪ; 2. ~s it v (…o) bai ni shimásu …ࢅ ಶ࡞ࡊࡱࡌ double-check v nén o oshimásu ᛍ ࢅᢪࡊࡱࡌ; saíkakunin shimásu ්☔ヾࡊࡱࡌ double-cross 1. n (treachery) uragiri ⿤วࡽ࣬࠹ࡼࡁࡽ 2. v ura-girimásu ⿤วࡽࡱࡌ double-decker n nikaidate basu ஦ 㝭ᘋ࡙ࣁࢪ doubt 1. n gimon ␪ၡ, utagai ␪ ࠷࣬࠹ࡒ࠿࠷, fushin ୘ᐼ 2. v (~s it) utagaimásu ␪࠷ࡱࡌ, fushin ni omoimásu ୘ᐼ࡞ᛦ ࠷ࡱࡌ dough n pan-kiji ࣂࣤ⏍ᆀ dove n háto 㫸࣬ࣀࢹ down prep, adv shita e ୖ࡫; down (lower in price by) ¥100 hyaku én-yasu ⓊළᏭ; get down orimásu ୖࡽࡱࡌ࣬㜾ࡽࡱࡌ࣬࠽ࡽࡱ ࡌ; go down kudarimásu ୖࡽࡱ ࡌ࣬ࡂࡓࡽࡱࡌ, sagarimásu ୖ ࡽࡱࡌ࣬ࡈ࠿ࡽࡱࡌ; hang down taremásu ᆱࡿࡱࡌ࣬ࡒࡿࡱ ࡌ, sagemásu ୖࡅࡱࡌ; lie down



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dried



nemásu ᐱࡱࡌ࣬ࡠࡱࡌ; take down oroshimásu ୖࢀࡊࡱࡌ࣬ ࠽ࢀࡊࡱࡌ download v (computer) ~ the file (fairu o) daunrødo shimásu ࣆ ࢒࢕ࣜࢅ ࢱ࣭ࢗࣤࣞࢺࡊࡱࡌ downpayment n atama-kin 㢄㔘 downpour n gø´u ㇞㞭, doshaburi ᅰ▹㜾ࡽ; local ~ shüchü-gø´u 㞗୯㇞㞭 doze v úto uto shimásu ࠹࡛࠹࡛ ࣬ࢗࢹࢗࢹࡊࡱࡌ dozen n (ichi-) då´su ୌ ࢱ࣭ࢪ, jü-ní ༎஦࣬12 Dr.… n (physician) … senséi …඙⏍ draft 1. n (rough) shitagaki ୖ᭡ ࡀ, dorafuto ࢺࣚࣆࢹ; (military



conscription) shø´shü (shimásu) ྇㞗ࡊࡱࡌ 2. n (beer) náma ⏍, nama bíiru ⏍ࣄ࣭ࣜ 3 n



(call-up) shø´shü/chøhë (shimásu) ྇㞗ᚡඹࡊࡱࡌ drag v hipparimásu ᘤࡖᘿࡽࡱ ࡌ࣬ࡥࡖࡤࡽࡱࡌ, hikimásu ᘤࡀࡱࡌ࣬ࡥࡀࡱࡌ, hikizurimásu ᘤࡀࡍࡽࡱࡌ dragon n ryü ❫࣬㱗࣬ࡽࡸ࠹, tatsu ❫࣬ࡒࡗ, doragon ࢺࣚ ࢥࣤ drain 1. n (kitchen) gesui ୖỀ; (ditch) mizo ‹ 2. it ~s off v hakemásu ࡢࡄࡱࡌ; it ~s well (mizu) haké ga íi désu Ề ࡢࡄ ࠿࠷࠷࡚ࡌ drama n engeki ⁿ๸, géki ๸, dorama ࢺ࣏ࣚ



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dramatic adj géki-teki (na) ๸ Ⓩ࡝ drapes n kå´ten ࣭࢜ࢷࣤ draw 1. v (a picture) egakimásu ᥝࡀࡱࡌ 2. v (pulls) hikimásu ᘤࡀࡱࡌ࣬ࡥࡀࡱࡌ; ~ out hikidashimásu ᘤࡀฝࡊࡱࡌ࣬ࡥࡀ ࡓࡊࡱࡌ; ~ an underline kasen o hikimásu ୖ⥲ࢅᘤࡀࡱࡌ 3. v (water etc.) kumimásu Ủࡲࡱ ࡌ࣬ࡂࡲࡱࡌ 4. v ~s apart hikiwakemásu ᘤࡀฦࡄࡱࡌ࣬ࡥࡀ ࢂࡄࡱࡌ 5. n (game) hikiwake ᘤࡀฦࡄ࣬ࡥࡀࢂࡄ drawer n (of desk, etc.) hiki-dashi ᘤࡀฝࡊ࣬ࡥࡀࡓࡊ drawing n (diagram) zu ᅒ; (picture) é⤦ draw near → approach dread v osoremásu ᜅࡿࡱࡌ࣬࠽ ࡐࡿࡱࡌ dreadful adj osoroshíi ᜅࢀࡊ࠷࣬ ࠽ࡐࢀࡊ࠷, sugói ࡌࡇ࠷࣬෴࠷, hidoi ࡥ࡜࠷࣬㓖࠷ dream n yumé (o mimásu) ከ࣬ࣗ ࣒ࢅࡲࡱࡌ dreary adj uttø´shíi ࠹ࡖ࡛࠹ࡊ࠷ dregs n kásu ࠾ࡌ; ori ࠽ࡽ dress 1. n ki-mono ╌∸; yø´-fuku Ὂ᭱, fukú ᭱, fukusø ᭱⿞, (woman’s) wanpíisu ࣠ࣤࣅ࣭ࢪ, dóresu ࢺࣝࢪ 2. v (wears) fukú o kimásu ᭱ࢅ╌ࡱࡌ dressmaker n yø´sai-shi Ὂ⿚ᖅ, doresu-më´kå ࢺࣝࢪ࣒࣭࣭࢜ dried 1. adj hoshí-… ᖱࡊ…; ~ persimmons hoshí-gaki ᖱࡊᰘ࣬



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drill



࣌ࢨ࢝࢞ 2. → dry drill 1. n (tool) kíri ࡀࡽ࣬㗱 2. n (practice) doriru ࢺࣛࣜ, (o-) kéi ko ࠽ ࡄ࠷ࡆ࣬✅ཿ; (study) renshü ⦆⩞; (training) kúnren ィ⦆ 3. v (trains) nerimásu ⦆ࡽ ࡱࡌ࣬ࡠࡽࡱࡌ, kúnren shimásu ィ⦆ࡊࡱࡌ, (disciplines) kitaemásu 㘣࠻ࡱࡌ࣬ࡀࡒ࠻ࡱࡌ drink 1. n (beverage) nomí-mono 㣟ࡲ∸࣬ࡡࡲࡵࡡ; one ~ hitókuchi ୌཾ; has a ~ íp-pai nomimásu/yarimásu ୌ᮴㣟>ࡡ@ࡲࡱ ࡌࡷࡽࡱࡌ 2. v nomimásu 㣟 ࡲࡱࡌ࣬ࡡࡲࡱࡌ drip v taremásu ᆱࡿࡱࡌ࣬ࡒࡿ ࡱࡌ drive 1. v (a car) unten shimásu 㐘 ㌷ࡊࡱࡌ, doraibu shimásu ࢺ ࣚ࢕ࣇࡊࡱࡌ 2. n (what one is driving at) iitai-koto ゕ࠷ࡒ࠷஥, nerai ࡠࡼ࠷࣬≲࠷ driver n untén-shu 㐘㌷ᡥ, doraibå ࢺࣚ࢕ࣁ࣭ driveway n shadø´ ㌬㐠 drizzle n kosame ᑚ㞭; (on-andoff) shigure ᫤㞭࣬ࡊࡃࡿ droll adj yúkai (na) ញᛄ࣬ࡹ࠾࠷ ࡝ → funny drool v is drooling yodare ga deteimásu ࡻࡓࡿ࠿ฝ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ droop v naemásu ⴆ࠻ࡱࡌ࣬࡝ ࠻ࡱࡌ drop 1. v (~s it) otoshimásu ⴘ࡛ ࡊࡱࡌ࣬࠽࡛ࡊࡱࡌ, (lets it fall, spills) tarashimásu ᆱࡼࡊࡱࡌ ࣬ࡒࡼࡊࡱࡌ 2. v (it ~s)



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ochimásu ⴘࡔࡱࡌ࣬࠽ࡔࡱ ࡌ 3. n (a ~) tsúbu ⢇, tamá ⋚; (counting) …-teki …; drop in v yorimásu ᐞࡽࡱࡌ࣬ࡻࡽࡱࡌ; drop off v (a person from a vehicle) oroshimásu 㜾ࢀࡊࡱࡌ࣬࠽ࢀ ࡊࡱࡌ drown v obore-jini shimásu ࠽࡯ ࡿṒ࡞ࡊࡱࡌ drowsy adj nemui┸࠷; darui ࢱࣜ࠷ drudge v ákuseku hatarakimásu ࠵ ࡂࡎࡂ഼ࡀࡱࡌ࣬ࡢࡒࡼࡀࡱࡌ drug n (for patient) (o-)kusúri ࠽ ⷾ, (chemical substances) yakuhin ⷾဗ drug addict n mayaku-chüdokusha 㯖ⷾ୯Ẑ⩽ drum n (Japanese-style) taiko ኯ 㰐࣬ࡒ࠷ࡆ, (large) ø´-dáiko ኬ ኯ㰐; (Western-style) doramu ࢺ࣑ࣚ drunk; gets ~ yopparaimásu 㓁>ࡻ@ ࡖࡤࡼ࠷ࡱࡌ࣬㓁ࡖᡮ࠷ࡱࡌ; yoimásu 㓁࠷ࡱࡌ࣬ࡻ࠷ࡱࡌ dry v (it dries) kawakimásu ஜ ࡀࡱࡌ࣬࠾ࢂࡀࡱࡌ, kansø shimásu ஜ⇩ࡊࡱࡌ; (dries it) kawakashimásu ஜ࠾ࡊࡱࡌ࣬࠾ ࢂ࠾ࡊࡱࡌ duck n (wild) kámo ࣓࢜࣬㬖, (tame) ahiru ࢓ࣃࣜ dude n mekashiya ࡴ࠾ࡊᒁ; yatsu ࡷࡗ࣬ዦ due 1. dues n kaihi ఌ㈕, ryøkin ᩩ㔘 2. adj (payment) kijitsu no ᭿᪝ࡡ dull adj nibúi 㕄࠷࣬࡞ࡩ࠷, norói



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ear



ࡡࢀ࠷; (uninteresting) taikutsu (na) ㏝ᑿ࣬ࡒ࠷ࡂࡗ࡝ , (longwinded) kudói ࡂ࡜࠷; (dullwitted) wakarí ga warúi ฦ࠾ࡽ ࠿ᝇ࠷ dumb adj 1. (stupid) baka (na) ࡣ࠾࣬㤷㮭࡝ 2. (unable to speak) kuchi no kikenai ཾࡡฺ ࡄ࡝࠷ dump v (discards) sutemásu ᤖ࡙ ࡱࡌ࣬ࡌ࡙ࡱࡌ dumpling n (o-)dango ࠽ ᅆᏄ; (large stuffed bun) manjü ࡱࢆࡋ ࡸ࠹࣬㤕㢄; (small meat-stuffed crescent) gyø´za ࢟ࣘࢗࢧ࣬㣧Ꮔ dune n sakyü ▹ୢ࣬ࡈࡀࡸ࠹ dung n kusó ࢠࢮ࣬⢽, fún ࣆࣤ࣬ ⢽ → excrement dupe n kámo ࣓࢜ duplicate n, adj 1. (double) ni-jü (no) ஦㔔ࡡ  2. → copy during prep (…) no aida (ni) … ࡡ㛣࡞ ; ...-chü (ni) ...୯࡞ dust 1. n (in air) hokori ࣌ࢤࣛ࣬



ᇐ; (on floor, etc.) chiri ࢲࣛ࣬ ሶ; (in house) gomí ࡇࡲ 2. v (~s it) hatakimásu ࡢࡒࡀࡱࡌ Dutch 1. adj Oranda no ࢛ࣚࣤࢱ ࡡ 2. n (language) Oranda-go ࢛ ࣚࣤࢱㄊ 3. n (person) Orandájin ࢛ࣚࣤࢱெ Dutch treat n wari-kan ๪ࡽື࣬ ࣠ࣛ࢜ࣤ duty n 1. (obligation) gímu ⩇ຸ 2. (function) (o-)yakume ࠽ ᙲ ┘, (o-)yaku ࠽ ᙲ, honbun ᮇ ฦ; (job, post) o-)tsutome ࠽ ຸࡴ; (work, service) kínmu ໂ ຸ; the person on ~ (o-)tø´ban ࠽ ᙔ␊ 3. (import tax) kanzei 㛭⛧, yunyü-zei ㍲ථ⛧ 4. → off duty dwindle v herimásu ΅ࡽࡱࡌ࣬࡫ ࡽࡱࡌ, sukúnáku narimásu ᑛ࡝ ࡂ࡝ࡽࡱࡌ࣬ࡌࡂ࡝ࡂ࡝ࡽࡱࡌ dye (it) v somemásu ᯹ࡴࡱࡌ࣬ ࡐࡴࡱࡌ dysentery n sékiri ㉝②࣬ࢬ࢞ࣛ



E each pron [NUMBER, QUANTITY +] …zútsu …ࡍࡗ; (every) mai…Ẏ…, káku(-) … ྘…, … goto (ni) …Ẏ࣬ࡇ࡛࡞ each other pron o-tagai (ni) ࠽ப࠷ ࣬࠽ࡒ࠿࠷࡞ ; [VERB-i] -aimásu [VERB-࠷]ྙ࠷ࡱࡌ࣬࠵࠷ࡱࡌ eager adj nésshín (na) ⇍ᚨ࣬ࡠࡖ ࡊࢆ࡝ , setsubø shiteiru ว᭻



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ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ; ~ to (do) zé-hi ... (shi-) tai ࡏࡥ>᫕㟸@...ࡊ ࡒ࠷ eagerness n netsui ⇍ណ, netsuretsu ⇍Ⅷ, nesshin ⇍ᚨ eagle n washi ࣠ࢨ࣬㮎 ear n mimí ⪝࣬ࡲࡲ; earache n mimi no itamí ⪝ࡡ⑚ࡲ࣬ࡲࡲࡡ ࠷ࡒࡲ; ear pad n mimiate ⪝࠵࡙ ࣬⪝ᙔ࡙



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earlier



earlier adj (former) máe no … ๑ࡡ…࣬ࡱ࠻ࡡ…; [BOOKISH] zén(-) … ๑…࣬ࡱ࠻… early 1. adj hayái ᪡࠷࣬ࡢࡷ ࠷ 2. adv háyaku ᪡ࡂ࣬ࡢࡷࡂ; (ahead of time) hayame (ni) ᪡ ࡴ࣬ࡢࡷࡴ࡞ ; one’s ~ years kodomo no koro Ꮔ౩ࡡ㡥࣬ࡆ࡜ ࡵࡡࡆࢀ earn v kasegimásu ✄ࡁࡱࡌ࣬࠾ ࡎࡁࡱࡌ earnest adj majime (na) ࡱࡋࡴ࣬ ┷㟻┘࡝ , (serious) honki (no) ᮇẴࡡ earnings n (income) shünyü ཭ථ, shotoku ᡜᚋ earpiece n (of glass frame) (megane no) tsurú ࡴ࠿ࡠࡡ ࡗ ࡾ; (telephone) juwá-ki ུヨჹ earring n íyaringu ࢕ࣕࣛࣤࢡ, mimi-kázari ⪝㣥ࡽ࣬ࡲࡲ࠾ࡉࡽ earshot n mimi no todoku kyori ⪝ࡡᒀ>࡛࡜@ࡂ㊝㞫, kikoeru kyori ⪲ࡆ࠻ࡾ㊝㞫 earth n 1. tsuchí ᅰ, tochi ᅰᆀ 2. the Earth chikyü ᆀ⌣; what on earth adv ittai-zentai ୌమධమ earthenware n doki ᅰჹ; earthenware pan n hørókú ࡮࠹ࢀࡂ࣬ↆ ⅱ; tøki 㝙ჹ earthquake n jishin ᆀ㟀 earthworm n mimizu ࣐࣐ࢫ ease 1. n (comfort) rakú ᴞ࣬ࡼࡂ; at ease jiyü (ni) ⮤⏜࣬ࡋࡹ࠹࡞ , yukkúri ࡹࡖࡂࡽ 2. ~s it v yasumemásu ఆࡴࡱࡌ࣬ࡷࡌࡴࡱࡌ easily adv tayásuku ࡒࡷࡌࡂ,



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wáke-naku ࢂࡄ࡝ࡂ, kantan (ni) ⠾༟࣬࠾ࢆࡒࢆ࡞ , muzø´sa (ni) ↋㏸ష࡞ ; assári (to) ࠵ࡖ ࡈࡽ࡛ ; easily broken kowareyasúi ቪࡿࡷࡌ࠷࣬ࡆࢂࡿࡷࡌ࠷ east n higashi ᮶࣬ࡥ࠿ࡊ, tø-… ᮶…; (the east) tøhø ᮶᪁, (the eastern part) tø´bu ᮶㒂 Easter n iisutå ࢕࣭ࢪࢰ࣭, fukkatsu-sai ᚗὩ⚅; Easter holidays n fukkatsu-sai no kyüka ᚗὩ⚅ ࡡఆᬜ easy adj 1. yasashii ࡷࡈࡊ࠷࣬᪾ ࡊ࠷, tayasúi ࡒࡷࡌ࠷, wákenai ࢂࡄ࡝࠷, kantan ⠾༟࣬࠾ࢆࡒ ࢆ, muzø´sa (na) ↋㏸ష࡝ ; ~ (to do) (shi-) yasúi ࡊ ࡷࡌ࠷; ~ to understand wakari-yasúi ฦ࠾ ࡽࡷࡌ࠷ 2. → comfortable easygoing adj nónki (na) ࡡࢆẴ࣬ ࿌Ẵ࡝ , kiraku (na) Ẵᴞ࣬ࡀ ࡼࡂ࡝ eat v tabemásu 㣏࡬ࡱࡌ࣬ࡒ࡬ࡱ ࡌ; (has a meal) shokuji shimásu 㣏஥ࡊࡱࡌ; eat out v gaishoku shimásu አ㣏ࡊࡱࡌ eat-in kitchen n dii-kë´ (DK) ࢸ࢔ ࣭ࢢ࣭, dainingu-kítchin ࢱ࢕ࢼ ࣤࢡ࢞ࢴࢲࣤ eaves n noki ㌲࣬ࡡࡀ, hisashi ࡥࡈࡊ ebb 1. n hiki-shio ᘤࡀ₳, kanchø ᖱ₳ 2. v otoroemásu ⾮࠻ࡱ ࡌ; ebb and flow n ① (tide) shio no michi-hiki ₳ࡡ‫ࡔ‮‬ᘤࡀ ② (life) (eiko) seisui ᰜᯜ ┊⾮ eccentric n 1. fügawari na hito 㢴



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effect



ንࢂࡽ࡝ெ, ekisentorikku ࢙࢞ ࢬࣤࢹࣛࢴࢠ 2. (freak) hen-jin ንெ, ki-jin ዃெ echo 1. n hibikí 㡢ࡀ, kodama ࡆ ࡓࡱ, hankyø ཬ㡢, ekø ࢙ࢤ࣭ 2. v (it ~es) hibikimásu 㡢ࡀࡱ ࡌ࣬ࡥࡦࡀࡱࡌ éclair n ekurea ࢙ࢠࣝ࢓ eclipse n 1. (sun) nisshoku ᪝㣏 2. (moon) gesshoku ᭮㣏 ecology n seitai-gaku ⏍ឺᏕ, ekorojii ࢙ࢤࣞࢩ࣭, seitaikankyø ⏍ឺ⎌ሾ e-commerce n denshi shø-torihiki 㞹Ꮔၛཱིᘤ, ii komåsu Hࢤ࣏࣭ࢪ economic adj keizai-gaku (no) ⤊ ῥᏕࡡ , keizai (no) ⤊ῥࡡ economical adj keizai-teki (na) ⤊ ῥⓏ࡝ ; toku (na) ࠽ ᚠ࡛࣬ࡂ ࡝ economics n kéizai ⤊ῥ; (science/ study) keizái-gaku ⤊ῥᏕ economy n 1. (saving) setsuyaku ⟿⣑࣬ࡎࡗࡷࡂ 2. (economics) keizai ⤊ῥ; economy class n ekonomii-kurasu ࢙ࢤࢿ࣐࣭ࢠ ࣚࢪ; ~-class syndrome ekonomiikurasu shøkø-gun ࢙ࢤࢿ࣐࣭ࢠ ࣚࢪ⑍ು⩄ ecstasy n 1. (sexual ~, name of drug) ekusutashii ࢙ࢠࢪࢰࢨ࣭ 2. køkotsu ᜄᝦ; in an ~ of muga-muchü (de) ↋ᠻከ୯࡚ ecumenical n 1. (general) fuhenteki (na) ᬉ㐚Ⓩ࡝ 2. (~ movement) kyøkai itchi undø (no) ᩅ ఌୌ⮬㐘ິࡡ



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eczema n shisshin ‭⑀࣬ࡊࡖࡊࢆ edge n fuchí ࡨࡔ࣬⦍, hashi ❻࣬ ࡢࡊ, hashikko/hajikko ❻ࡖࡆ࣬ ࡢࡊࡖࡆࡢࡋࡖࡆ, háta ❻࣬ࡢ ࡒ, ejji ࢙ࢴࢩ; (of knife) ha ร, ha-saki ร඙ edgy adj irairashita ࢕ࣚ࢕ࣚࡊ ࡒ࣬ⱌࠍࡊࡒ edible 1. n shokuryø-hin 㣏ᩩဗ 2. adj shokuyø (no) 㣏⏕ࡡ edict n 1. (government decree) seirei ᨳ௦ 2. (act) hørei Ἢ௦ 3. (command) meirei ࿤௦ edifice 1. n (large building) daikenzøbutsu ኬᘋ㏸∸, kyodaikenchiku ᕠኬᘋ⠇ 2. (complex



system/organization) te no konda taikei/soshiki ᡥࡡ㎰ࢆࡓమ⣌ ⤄⧂ edition n ban ∟ editor n henshü-chø ⥽㞗㛏, editå ࢙ࢸ࢔ࢰ࣭ editorial n shasetsu ♣ㄕ educate v (rears) sodatemásu ⫩࡙ ࡱࡌ࣬ࡐࡓ࡙ࡱࡌ → teach education n kyøiku ᩅ⫩; (learning) gakúmon Ꮥၡ, (culture) kyøyø ᩅ㣬; (bringing up) yøiku 㣬⫩ eel n unagi ࢗࢻ࢟࣬㫈; (conger eel) anago ࢓ࢻࢥ࣬✨Ꮔ effect n (result) kekka ⤎ᯕ; (cause) … (no) séi …ࡡ ࡎ࠷; (effectiveness) kiki-me ຝࡀ┘, shirushi ࡊࡾࡊ, køka ຝᯕ; (gist) muné ᪠࣬ࡳࡠ; in effect yø-súru ni こࡌ ࡾ࡞࣬ࡻ࠹ࡌࡾ࡞; has/takes effect kikimásu ຝࡀࡱࡌ࣬ࡀࡀࡱࡌ;



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effective



side/after-effect n fukú-sayø ๧ష⏕ effective adj yükø (na) ᭯ຝ࣬ࡹ࠹ ࡆ࠹࡝ , køka-teki (na) ຝᯕⓏ ࡝ efficiency n nøritsu ⬗⋙; køritsu ຝ⋙ efficient adj nøritsu-teki (na) ⬗⋙ Ⓩ࣬ࡡ࠹ࡽࡗ࡙ࡀ࡝ , køritsu teki (na) ຝ⋙Ⓩ࣬ࡆ࠹ࡽࡗ࡙ࡀ ࡝ effort n࣬࠽ ࡮ࡠ࠽ࡽ(o-)hone ori࠽ 㦭ᢙࡽ, dóryoku ຑງ࣬ ࡜ࡽࡺࡂ; (go-)kúrø ࡇ ⱖຘ࣬ ࠽ ࡂࢀ࠹; makes an effort doryoku shimásu ຑງࡊࡱࡌ࣬࡜ࡽ ࡺࡂࡊࡱࡌ effortless adj muzø´sa (na) ↋㏸ ష࣬ࡳࡑ࠹ࡈ࡝ e.g. adv tatoeba ౚ࠻ࡣ࣬ࡒ࡛࠻ࡣ egg n tamago ༵࣬⋚Ꮔ࣬ࢰ࣏ࢥ eggplant n násu ࢻࢪ࣬ⱫᏄ, násubi ࢻࢪࣄ ego n jíga ⮤ᠻ, ego ࢙ࢥ egoism n (selfishness) riko-shugi ฺᕤ୹⩇, wagamama ࢂ࠿ࡱࡱ࣬ ᠻ࠿ ౰ Egypt n Ejiputo ࢙ࢩࣈࢹ eight n hachí ඳ࣬8, yattsú ඳࡗ࣬ ࡷࡖࡗ; (8-oared racing boat) éito/ë´to ࢙࢕ࢹ࢙࣭ࢹ; eight days yøka ඳ᪝ eighteen n jü-hachí ༎ඳ࣬18 eighth adj hachi-banmé (no) ඳ ␊┘ࡡ , yattsu-mé (no) ඳࡗ ┘ࡡ ; the eighth day n yøka-mé ඳ᪝┘, (the day of the month) yøka ඳ᪝



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either one adv dochira demo ࡜ࡔ ࡼ࡚ࡵ eke v yarikuri shimásu ࡷࡽࡂࡽ ࡊࡱࡌ, maniawasemásu 㛣࡞ྙ ࢂࡎࡱࡌ࣬ࡱ࡞࠵ࢂࡎࡱࡌ elaborate 1. adj (complex) fukuzatsu (na) 々㞟࡝ 2. (diligent) kinben (na) ໂຫ࡝ 3. kuwashiku setsumei shimásu リࡊࡂ ㄕ᪺ࡊࡱࡌ elapse v tachimásu ⤊ࡔࡱࡌ࣬ࡒ ࡔࡱࡌ, hemásu ⤊ࡱࡌ࣬࡫ࡱࡌ, keika shimásu ⤊㐛ࡊࡱࡌ elastic n (material) → rubber; elastic band n wagomu ㍧ࢥ࣑࣬ ࢂࢥ࣑ elation n jøkigen ୕ᶭ᎒, øyorokobi ኬႌࡦ elbow n hijí ⫕࣬⫨࣬ࡥࡋ elect v erabimásu 㐽ࡦࡱࡌ࣬࠻ ࡼࡦࡱࡌ election n sénkyo 㐽ᣪ electric adj dénki (no) 㞹Ẵ࡚࣬ ࢆࡀࡡ electric; electric appliances n kaden ᐓ㞹, denki-kígu 㞹Ẵჹර, denka-seihin 㞹໩⿿ဗ; electric car n densha 㞹㌬; (also electrified train, electric train); electric heater n denki-sutø´bu 㞹Ẵࢪࢹ࣭ࣇ electricity n dénki 㞹Ẵ࡚࣬ࢆࡀ electron n dénshi 㞹Ꮔ electronic adj dénshi (no) 㞹Ꮔࡡ ; electronic account settlement n denshikessai 㞹ᏄỬῥ elegant adj fü´ryü (na) 㢴Ὦ࣬ࡨ ࠹ࡽࡸ࠹࡝ , yü´bi (na) ඁ⨶࣬



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employee



ࡹ࠹ࡦ࡝ , yü´ga (na) ඁ㞖࣬ ࡹ࠹࠿࡝ elementary school n (primary school) shøgákkø ᑚᏕᰧ; elementary school student n shøgáku-sei ᑚᏕ⏍ elephant n zø ㇗࣬ࢯࢗ elevator n erebë´tå´ ࢙࣭ࣝ࣊ࢰ࣭ eleven n jü ichí ༎ୌ࣬11 eliminate v habukimásu ┤ࡀࡱࡌ࣬ ࡢࡩࡀࡱࡌ, nozokimásu 㝎>ࡡ ࡑ@ࡀࡱࡌ; háijo shimásu ᤴ㝎 >ࡢ࠹ࡋࡺ@ࡊࡱࡌ elite 1. n eriito ࢙࣭ࣛࢹ 2. adj ichiryü (no) ୌὮࡡ else adv hoka (no/ni) ௙࣬࡮࠾ ࡡ࡞ ; or else mátá-wa ࡱࡒ ࡢ࣬ཧࡢ, sore-tómo ࡐࡿ࡛ࡵ, aruiwa ᡀ࠷ࡢ࣬࠵ࡾ࠷ࡢ; somewhere else (dokoka) yosó (no/ni) ࡜ࡆ࠾ ࡻࡐࡡ࡞ , (dokoka) betsu no basho (no/ni) ࡜ࡆ࠾ ืࡡሔᡜ࣬࡬ࡗࡡࡣࡊࡺࡡ࡞ email n mëru ࣒࣭ࣜ embankment n teibø ላ㜭࡙࣬࠷࡯ ࠹, tsutsumí ላ࣬ࡗࡗࡲ embarrass v komarasemásu ᅏࡼ ࡎࡱࡌ࣬ࡆࡱࡼࡎࡱࡌ, kurushimemásu ⱖࡊࡴࡱࡌ࣬ࡂࡾࡊࡴ ࡱࡌ; ~ oneself hají o kakimásu ᜕ࢅ࠾ࡀࡱࡌ embarrassed; 1. gets ~ komarimásu ᅏࡽࡱࡌ࣬ࡆࡱࡽࡱࡌ; kurushimimásu ⱖࡊࡲࡱࡌ࣬ࡂࡾࡊࡲ ࡱࡌ 2. feels ~ teremásu ↯ࡿࡱ ࡌ࡙࣬ࡿࡱࡌ, kimari ga warúi (desu) ࡀࡱࡽ࠿ᝇ࠷࣬ࡀࡱࡽ࠿



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ࢂࡾ࠷࡚ࡌ 3. is ~ (ashamed, shy) hazukashíi ᜕ࡍ࠾ࡊ࠷࣬ࡢ ࡍ࠾ࡊ࠷ embassy n taishí-kan ኬ౐㤃 emblem n kishø エ❮; (symbol) shøchø ㇗ᚡ, hyøshø ⾪㇗ emerge v demásu ฝࡱࡌ࡚࣬ࡱࡌ, arawaremásu ⌟ࡿࡱࡌ࣬࠵ࡼࢂ ࡿࡱࡌ; emergence (appearance) n shutsugen ฝ⌟ emergency n hijø (jitai) 㟸ᖏ஥ ឺ , kinkyü (jitai) ⥥᛬஥ឺ , (temporary) rinji ⮣᫤࣬ࡽࢆࡋ; (crisis) kíki ༱ᶭ; emergency brake n hijø-burë´ki 㟸ᖏࣇ࣭ࣝ࢞ emigrant n imin ⛛Ằ, ijü-sha ⛛ ప⩽ Emoticon n (computer) kaomoji 㢞 ᩝᏊ, emøtikon ࢙࣓࣭ࢷ࢔ࢤࣤ emotion n kanjø វ᝗࣬࠾ࢆࡋࡺ࠹; (feeling) kandø វິ࣬࠾ࢆ࡜࠹, kangeki វ⃥࣬࠾ࢆࡅࡀ Emperor n 1. (Japanese) Tennø ኮⓒ; His Majesty the ~ Tennøhéika ኮⓒ㝆ୖ 2. køtei ⓒᖀ emphasis n kyøchø ᙁㄢ empire n téikoku ᖀᅗ employ v 1. tsukaimásu ౐࠷ࡱࡌ ࣬ࡗ࠾࠷ࡱࡌ, yatoimásu 㞘࠷ ࡱࡌ࣬ࡷ࡛࠷ࡱࡌ 2. is employed tsutómete imásu ໂࡴ࡙࠷ࡱ ࡌ࣬ࡗ࡛ࡴ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ; yatówarete imásu 㞘ࢂࡿ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ࣬ࡷ࡛ࢂ ࡿ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ employee n jügyø-in ᚉᴏဤ; (of a company) sha-in ♣ဤ, kaishá-in ఌ♣ဤ



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employer



employer n koyø-sha 㞘⏕⩽, koyønushi 㞘⏕୹ employment n (use) shiyø ౐⏕; (hiring) koyø 㞘⏕, yatói 㞘࠷࣬ ࡷ࡛࠷; (job) (o-)tsutome ࠽ ໂ ࡴ࠽ ࡗ࡛ࡴ; place of employment n tsutome-saki ໂࡴ඙ empty 1. adj kara (no) ✭࣬࠾ࡼ ࡡ , karappo (no) ✭ࡖࡰ࣬࠾ࡼ ࡖࡰࡡ ; (with nothing in it) nani mo háitte inai … రࡵථࡖ ࡙࠷࡝࠷…࣬࡝࡞ࡵࡢ࠷ࡖ࡙࠷ ࡝࠷…; (hollow) utsuro (na) ⹣ ࢀ࣬࠹ࡗࢀ࡝ ; (is vacant) aite imásu ✭࠷࡙࠷ࡱࡌ࣬࠵࠷࡙ ࠷ࡱࡌ࠷ࡾ, ࠷࡙ 2. adj aki…✭>࠵@ࡀ…; empty house n akiya ✭>࠵@ࡀᐓ 3. gets emptied v akimásu ✭ࡀࡱࡌ࣬࠵ࡀࡱࡌ, sukimásu ࡌࡀࡱࡌ࣬✭ࡀࡱࡌ 4. empties it v akemásu ✭ࡄࡱ ࡌ࣬࠵ࡄࡱࡌ; (gives a toast) kanpai shimásu ஜ᮴ࡊࡱࡌ࣬࠾ ࢆࡤ࠷ࡊࡱࡌ enclose v (in envelope) døfü shimásu ྜྷᑌࡊࡱࡌ encompass v fukumimásu ྱࡲࡱ ࡌ࣬ࡨࡂࡲࡱࡌ, kakomimásu ᅑࡲࡱࡌ encounter v … ni de-aimásu …࡞ ฝఌ࠷ࡱࡌ࣬…࡞࡚࠵࠷ࡱࡌ, søgü shimásu 㐴㐕ࡊࡱࡌ encourage v susumemásu ໅ࡴࡱ ࡌ࣬ࡌࡌࡴࡱࡌ hagemashimásu ທࡱࡊࡱࡌ࣬ࡢࡅࡱࡊࡱࡌ encouragement n shørei ዜທ encyclopedia n hyakka-jíten Ⓤ⛁



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஥඼ end 1. n (the ending) owari ⤂ࢂ ࡽ࣬࠽ࢂࡽ, o-shimai ࠽ࡊࡱ࠷, kirí วࡽ࣬ࡀࡽ; (close) sue ᮆ࣬ ࡌ࠻; (purpose) mokuteki ┘Ⓩ; end of the year n (toshi no) kure ᖳࡡ ᬵࡿ࣬ࡂࡿ, nenmatsu ᖳ ᮆ 2. v (it ~s, ~s it) owarimásu ⤂ࢂࡽࡱࡌ࣬࠽ࢂࡽࡱࡌ; (comes to an ~) sumimásu ῥࡲ ࡱࡌ࣬ࡌࡲࡱࡌ, (runs out) tskimásu ᑸࡀࡱࡌ࣬ࡗࡀࡱࡌ endeavor v tsutomemásu ຑࡴࡱࡌ ࣬ࡗ࡛ࡴࡱࡌ, dóryoku shimásu ຑງࡊࡱࡌ࣬࡜ࡽࡺࡂࡊࡱࡌ ending n owari ⤂ࢂࡽ, ketsumatsu ⤎ᮆ; ending address n shüryø adoresu ⤂஡࢓ࢺࣝࢪ; happy ending n happii endo ࣀࢴࣅ࣭࢙ࣤࢺ endless adj (no limit) owari no nai ⤂ࢂࡽࡡ࡝࠷࣬࠽ࢂࡽࡡ࡝࠷, kirí ga nai วࡽ࠿࡝࠷࣬ࡀࡽ࠿࡝࠷; (forever) eien (no) Ễ㐪ࡡ endorse → sign → support endurance n (patience) shínbø ㎖ ᢢ࣬ࡊࢆ࡯࠹ endure v (puts up with) shínbø shimásu ㎖ᢢࡊࡱࡌ enemy n teki ᩓ energetic adj génki (na) ඔẴ࣬ࡅ ࢆࡀ࡝ , enerugísshu (na) ࢙ࢾ ࣜ࢟ࢴࢨࣖ࡝ ; (vigorous) sekkyoku-teki (na) ✒ᴗⓏ࡝ energy n 1. ikiói ເ࠷࣬࠷ࡀ࠽࠷ 2. enérúgii ࢙ࢾ࣭ࣜ࢟ 3. (pep) génki ඔẴo-génki ࠽ඔẴ engage v 1. (hires a professional)



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entrance



tanomimásu 㢏ࡲࡱࡌ࣬ࡒࡡࡲ ࡱࡌ 2. ~s in (an activity) …ni jü´ji shimásu …࡞ᚉ஥ࡊࡱࡌ 3. gets engaged (booked up, occupied) fusagarimásu ࡨࡈ࠿



enlargement n zødai ቌኬ enlightenment n satori ᜽ࡽ࣬ࡈ࡛ࡽ enliven; ~ with kakki-zukemásu Ὡ Ẵࡘࡄࡱࡌ࣬࠾ࡖࡀࡘࡄࡱࡌ; nigiyaka ni shimásu ࡞ࡁࡷ࠾ ࡽࡱࡌ ࡞ࡊࡱࡌ engaged adj (to be married) enormous adj bakudai (na) Ⳑኬ࣬ ࡣࡂࡓ࠷࡝ ; taihen (na) ኬን࣬ kon’yaku shite imásu ፡⣑ࡊ ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ ࡒ࠷࡫ࢆ࡝ engagement n (date) yakusoku ⣑ enough adj 1. jübún (na) ༎ฦ࣬ࡋ ᮨ࣬ࡷࡂࡐࡂ ࡸ࠹ࡩࢆ࡝ ; tappúri ࡒࡖࡪࡽ; engine n kikan ᶭ㛭, (automobile) kékkø ⤎ᵋ࣬ࡄࡖࡆ࠹ 2. is ~ énjin ࢙ࣤࢩࣤ; the ~ starts énjin tarimásu ㊂ࡽࡱࡌ࣬ࡒࡽࡱࡌ ga kakarimásu ࢙ࣤࢩࣤ࠿࠾࠾ enquiry n shitumon ㈹ၡ, toiawase ࡽࡱࡌ ၡ࠷ྙࢂࡎ engineering n køgaku ᕝᏕ enroll (in school) v nyügaku shiEngland n Igirisu ࢕࢟ࣛࢪ, másu ථᏕࡊࡱࡌ entangled; gets ~ kojiremásu ࡆࡋ Eikoku ⱝᅗ English n (language) Eigo ⱝㄊ; ࡿࡱࡌ, motsuremásu ࡵࡗࡿ (person) Igirisú-jin ࢕࢟ࣛࢪெ; ࡱࡌ English translation n eiyaku ⱝズ enter v … (no naka) ni hairimásu engrave v chøkoku shimásu ᙦ็ … ࡡ୯>࡝࠾@ ࡞ථࡽࡱࡌ; ࡊࡱࡌ, kizamimásu ็ࡲࡱࡌ࣬ (appears on stage) tøjø shimásu Ⓡሔࡊࡱࡌ ࡀࡉࡲࡱࡌ engrossed; gets ~ in … ni muchü enterprise n jígyø ஥ᴏ ni narimásu …࡞ከ୯࡞࡝ࡽࡱࡌ; entertain v (with food) gochisø shi…ni korimásu …࡞ฆࡽࡱࡌ࣬ másu ࡇࡔࡐ࠹>ࡇ㤽㉦@ࡊࡱࡌ …࡞ࡆࡽࡱࡌ entertainer n geinø´-jin ⰹ⬗ெ enjoy v tanoshimimásu ᴞࡊࡲࡱ enthusiastic adj nésshín (na) ⇍ᚨ ࡌ࣬ࡒࡡࡊࡲࡱࡌ; enjói shimásu ࣬ࡠࡖࡊࢆ࡝ ࢙ࣤࢩࣘ࢕ࡊࡱࡌ; ~ the compa- entire adj zentai (no) ධమ࣬ࡏࢆ ny of … to tsuki-aimásu …࡛௛ ࡒ࠷ࡡ ; entire surface zenmen ࡀྙ࠷ࡱࡌ࣬…࡛ࡗࡀ࠵࠷ࡱࡌ ධ㟻 enjoyable adj tanoshíi ᴞࡊ࠷࣬ࡒ entirety n zenzen ධ↓࣬ࡏࢆࡏࢆ; ࡡࡊ࠷ sokkúri ࡐࡖࡂࡽ → all → enjoyment n tanoshimi ᴞࡊࡲ࣬ࡒ completely entrance n iriguchi ථࡽ ཾ࣬ ࡡࡊࡲ, enjói ࢙ࣤࢩࣘ࢕



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entranced



࠷ࡽࡃࡔ, toguchi ᡖཾ; (front entry) génkan ⋖㛭; entrance exam n (school) nyügaku shikén ථᏕ ム㥺; (company) nyüsha-shikén ථ♣ム㥺; entrance gate ① (wicket) madoguchi ✾ཾ ② (station) kaisatsuguchi ᨭᮈཾ entranced; gets ~ with … ni muchü ni narimásu …࡞ከ୯࡞࡝ࡽࡱࡌ entrust (one with it) v (sore o …ni) azukemásu ࡐࡿࢅ…࡞ 㡰ࡄࡱ ࡌ࣬࠵ࡍࡄࡱࡌ; yudanemásu ጟ ࡠࡱࡌ࣬ࡹࡓࡠࡱࡌ; makasemásu ௴ࡎࡱࡌ࣬ࡱ࠾ࡎࡱࡌ; tanomimásu 㢏ࡲࡱࡌ࣬ࡒࡡࡲ ࡱࡌ; irai shimásu ౪㢏ࡊࡱࡌ entry n 1. (head word of dictionary), midashi-go ずฝࡊㄊ࣬ず ࡓࡊㄊ 2. (~ upon the stage) tøjø Ⓡሔ 3. sanka ཤຊ 4. (registration) tøroku Ⓡ㘋 5. (computer) nyüryokuථງ envelope n fütø ᑌ➼࣬ࡨ࠹࡛࠹ enviable/envious adj netamashíi ࡠࡒࡱࡊ࠷࣬ጅࡱࡊ࠷, urayamashíi ࠹ࡼࡷࡱࡊ࠷࣬⩆ࡱࡊ࠷ environment n kankyø ⎌ሾ࣬࠾ࢆ ࡀࡺ࠹; environmental pollution n kankyø-osen ⎌ሾỗ᯹ envy v urayamimásu ࠹ࡼࡷࡲ >⩆ࡲ@ࡱࡌ, netamimásu ࡠࡒࡲ



(on an ~ level) taitø (no) ᑊ➴ ࡡ ; (equivalent to) … to hitoshíi …࡛➴ࡊ࠷ 2. (extends to) … ni oyobimásu …࡞ཀྵࡦ >࠽ࡻ@ࡱࡌ equality n byødø ᖲ➴ equation n (~ form) høtei-shiki ᪁⛤ᘟ equator n sekidø ㉝㐠 equilibrium n tsuriai 㔦ࡽྙ࠷࣬ ࡗࡽ࠵࠷ equipment n (apparatus) sø´chi ⿞ ⨠, kiki ᶭჹ, (facilities) sétsubi シങ equivalent adj taitø (no) ᑊ➴ࡡ ; ~ to … to hitoshíi …࡛➴ࡊ࠷ ࣬…࡛ࡥ࡛ࡊ࠷; … ni søtø shimásu …࡞┞ᙔࡊࡱࡌ era n jidai ᫤௥; …-jídai …᫤௥ erase v keshimásu ᾐࡊࡱࡌ࣬ࡄ ࡊࡱࡌ, tori-keshimásu ཱིࡽᾐࡊ ࡱࡌ࡛࣬ࡽࡄࡊࡱࡌ erect v tatemásu ❟࡙ࡱࡌ࣬ࡒ࡙ ࡱࡌ, (builds) tatemásu ᘋ࡙ࡱࡌ erotic adj iroppói Ⰵࡖࡰ࠷࣬࠷ ࢀࡖࡰ࠷, køshoku (na) ይⰅ࡝ err v ayamarimásu ㄏࡽࡱࡌ࣬࠵ ࡷࡱࡽࡱࡌ errand n yøji ⏕஥࣬ࡻ࠹ࡋ, tsukai ౐࠷, yø-táshí ⏕㊂ࡊ; errand runner n tsukai bashiri (tsukai>ጅࡲ@ࡱࡌ ppashiri) ౐࠷㉦ࡽ epidemic n ryükø-byø Ὦ⾔⑋; error n machigai 㛣㐢࠷࣬ࡱࡔ࠿ ࠷, ayamári ㄏࡽ࣬࠵ࡷࡱࡽ, erå densenbyø ఎ᯹⑋ episode n (story) episødo ࢙ࣅࢮ ࢙࣭ࣚ; is in ~ machigaemásu 㛣 ࣭ࢺ, søwa ᣼ヨ 㐢࠻ࡱࡌ࣬ࡱࡔ࠿࠻ࡱࡌ equal adj 1. byødø (na) ᖲ➴࡝ ; eruption n funka ᄂℾ; (skin ~)



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eventually



hasshin Ⓠ⑀࣬ࡢࡖࡊࢆ; hosshin estranged adj utói ࠹࡛࠷࣬␧࠷ Ⓠ⑀࣬࡮ࡖࡊࢆ; fukidemono eternal adj eien (no) Ễ㐪࣬࠻࠷ ྻࡀฝ∸ escalator n esukarë´tå ࢙ࢪ࣭࢜ࣝ ࢰ࣭ escape v nigemásu ㏠ࡅࡱࡌ࣬࡞ ࡅࡱࡌ; nukemásu ᢜࡄࡱࡌ࣬࡟ ࡄࡱࡌ; a convenient escape watari ni fúne ῳࡽ࡞⯒࣬ࢂࡒࡽ࡞⯒ especially adv tokubetsu (ni) ≁ื ࡞ ࡛࣬ࡂ࡬ࡗ࡞ , kóto(-ni) ࡆ࡛࡞ ࣬Ṟ࡞ ; toriwake ࡛ ࡽࢂࡄ; sekkakú ࡎࡖ࠾ࡂ essay n zuihitsu 㝮➱, essë ࢙ࢴࢬ ࣭, sakubun షᩝ; shøron 小論 essential adj (necessary) hitsuyø (na) ᚪこ࣬ࡥࡗࡻ࠹࡝ essentials n (supplies) hitsuju-hin ᚪ㞺ဗdaily ~ seikatsu hitsujuhin ⏍Ὡᚪ㞺ဗ establish v tatemásu ᘋ࡙ࡱࡌ; okoshimásu ㉫ࡆࡊࡱࡌ࣬࠽ࡆࡊ ࡱࡌ esteem n sonkei ᑕᩏ࣬ࡐࢆࡄ࠷ estimate 1. n (an ~) mitsumori ず ✒ࡵࡽ࣬ࡲࡗࡵࡽ, kentø´ ずᙔ, suitei ᥆ᏽ, (forecast) yosoku ஢ ῼ 2. v (~s it) mi-tsumorimásu ず✒ࡵࡽࡱࡌ࣬ࡲࡗࡵࡽࡱࡌ,



࠻ࢆࡡ eternity n eien Ễ㐪࣬࠻࠷࠻ࢆ, eikyü Ễ஁ ethics n rínri ೒⌦, døtoku 㐠ᚠ ethnic n minzoku Ằ᪐ etiquette n reigí ♡ൢ, echikétto ࢙ ࢲࢢࢴࢹ euro n yüro ࣭ࣗࣞ Europe n Yøróppa ࣭ࣙࣞࢴࣂ, Ø´shü Ḛᕗ; Europe and America n Ø-Bei Ḛ⡷, Séiyø けὊ evacuate v (to flee) hinan shimásu 㑂㞬ࡊࡱࡌ, (gets repatriated) hiki-agemásu ᘤࡀᥥࡅࡱࡌ࣬ࡥ ࡀ࠵ࡅࡱࡌ evaluation score n hyøten ビⅤ even 1. adj (smooth, flat) taira (na) ᖲࡼ࣬ࡒ࠷ࡼ࡝ 2. adj døtø (no) ྜྷ➴ࡡ ; … to hitoshíi …࡛➴ࡊ࠷; kinitsu na ᆍୌ࡝ 3. adj gokaku no பぽࡡ 4. adv … mo …ࡵ; … (de) sae ࡚ ࡈ ࠻; ~ doing adv (if it does) (shi-) té mo/(shi-) tátte ࡊ ࡙ࡵࡊ ࡒࡖ࡙; even so (sore) démo ࡐ ࡿ ࡚ࡵ evening n ban ᬄ࣬ࡣࢆ, yügata ኟ (makes a guess) kentø´ o tsuke- ᪁࣬ࡹ࠹࠿ࡒ, yoi ᐒ࣬ࡻ࠷; evening at school n høkago ᨲㄚᚃ másu ずᙔࢅࡗࡄࡱࡌ, (infers) event n kotó ஥࣬ࡆ࡛; (incident) suitei shimásu ᥆ᏽࡊࡱࡌ, (forecasts) yosoku shimásu ஢ῼ jíken ஥௲; (case) dán ṹ; ࡊࡱࡌ (ceremony) gyø´jí ⾔஥, ibento estrange v gets estranged heda࢕࣊ࣤࢹ; (game) kyø´gí tarimásu 㝰ࡒࡽࡱࡌ࣬࡫ࡓࡒ (shumoku) ❿ᢇ⛸┘ ࡽࡱࡌ eventually adv (come what may)



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ever



nán to itté mo ర>࡝ࢆ@࡛ゕࡖ࡙ ࡵ; (in due time) sono uchi ni ࡐࡡ࠹ࡔ࡞; saishü-teki ni(wa)



᭩⤂Ⓩ࡞ࡢ → at last ever 1. adv (always) ítsu-mo ࠷ࡗ ࡵ; as ~ aikawarazu ┞ንࢂࡼࡍ ࣬࠵࠷࠾ࢂࡼࡍ 2. adv (once) ítsu-ka ࠷ࡗ࠾, … kotó ga arimásu ஥>ࡆ࡛@࠿࠵ࡽࡱࡌ; ever since adv … írai …௧ᮮ࣬࠷ࡼ࠷ every … adj dóno … démo ࡜ࡡ… ࡚ࡵ; … goto (ni) … ࡇ࡛࣬Ẏ ࡞ , mai-… Ẏ…; arayuru ࠵ࡼ ࡹࡾ; every day adv, n máinichi Ẏ᪝࣬ࡱ࠷࡞ࡔ, higoto (ni) ᪝Ẏ ࡞ , híbi ᪝ࠍ; almost ~ day máinichi no yø´ni Ẏ᪝ࡡࡻ࠹࡞; every month adv, n mai-tsuki Ẏ᭮, maigetsu Ẏ᭮; every morning adv, n mái-asa Ẏ᭽; every night adv, n mai-ban Ẏᬄ, mai-yo Ẏእ; every station n kaku-eki ྘㥈; every time adv, n maido Ẏᗐ; ~ that … tabí(ni) …ᗐ࡞ ; every week adv, n maishü Ẏ㐄 everybody pron mi(n)ná ࡲࢆ ࡝ ࣬ⓑ, miná-san ⓑࡈࢆ࣬ࡲ࡝ࡈ ࢆ; dare demo ㄙ࡚ࡵ࣬ࡓࡿ࡚ࡵ (= everyone) everyday… adj (daily) máinichi no … Ẏ᪝ࡡ…; (usual) fúdan no … ᬉṹࡡ…࣬ࡨࡓࢆࡡ… everyday clothes n fudán-gí ᬉṹ╌ ࣬ࡨࡓࢆ╌ everyone pron zen’in ධဤ everyplace → everywhere everything pron minná ࡲࢆ࡝࣬



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ⓑ, zénbu ධ㒂࣬ࡏࢆࡩ, nan demo ర࡚ࡵ࣬࡝ࢆ࡚ࡵ, íssái ୌ ว; monógoto ∸஥ everywhere adv doko demo ࡜ࡆ࡚ ࡵ, dóko ni mo ࡜ࡆ࡞ࡵ, hø´bø ᪁ࠍ࣬࡮࠹࡯࠹ evidence n shøko チᣈ; (basis) kónkyo ᰷ᣈ࣬ࡆࢆࡀࡺ evil n 1. → bad 2. (a devil) ákú ᝇ; evil spirit n ákuma ᝇ㨩࣬࢓ ࢠ࣏ exact adj (detailed) kuwashíi リ ࡊ࠷࣬ࡂࢂࡊ࠷, komakái ⣵࠾ ࠷࣬ࡆࡱ࠾࠷; (correct) seikaku (na) ḿ☔࣬ࡎ࠷࠾ࡂ࡝ exactly adv chødo ࡔࡺ࠹࡜, pittári ࡧࡖࡒࡽ, hakkíri ࡢࡖࡀࡽ; másani ࡱࡈ࡞࣬ḿ࡞; … daké… ࡓࡄ exaggerate v kochø shimásu ヺᘿ ࡊࡱࡌ examination n 1. (test) shikén ム㥺 2. (inquiry) chø´sa ㄢᰕ 3. (inspection) kénsa ᳠ᰕ, (medical) shinsatsu タᐳ examine v 1. (investigates) shirabemásu ㄢ࡬ࡱࡌ࣬ࡊࡼ࡬ࡱࡌ 2. kentø shimásu ᳠ゞࡊࡱࡌ࣬ ࡄࢆ࡛࠹ࡊࡱࡌ 3. (medically) mimásu タࡱࡌ࣬ࡲࡱࡌ, shinsatsu shimásu タᐳࡊࡱࡌ࣬ࡊࢆ ࡈࡗࡊࡱࡌ 4. ~ tickets kaisatsu shimásu ᨭᮈࡊࡱࡌ; (aboard) kensatsu shimásu ᳠ᮈࡊࡱࡌ example n réi ౚ, ichi-rei ୌౚ, tatoe ౚ࠻࣬ࡒ࡛࠻, tatoi ౚ࠷࣬ ࡒ࡛࠷; follows (learns from) the



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exhaust



~ of … o mi-naraimásu …ࢅず⩞ ࠷ࡱࡌ; for example → e.g. excavate v horimásu ᤸࡽࡱࡌ exceed v sugimásu 㐛ࡁࡱࡌ, chøka shimásu ㉰㐛ࡊࡱࡌ exceedingly adv móttómo ᭩ࡵ࣬ ࡵࡖ࡛ࡵ, góku ࡇࡂ࣬ᴗ, taihen ኬን࣬ࡒ࠷࡫ࢆ, hijø ni 㟸ᖏ࡞ ࣬ࡥࡋࡺ࠹࡞ excel v sugúrete imásu ඁࡿ࡙࠷ ࡱࡌ࣬ࡌࡃࡿ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ excellent adj sugúreta ඁࡿࡒ࣬ ࡌࡃࡿࡒ, yüshü (na) ඁ⚵࡝  kékkø (na) ⤎ᵋ࣬ࡄࡖࡆ࠹࡝ except (for) prep …no hoka…ࡡ ௙, …ígai …௧አ࣬…࠷࠿࠷ exception n reigai ౚአ; without ~ (all) íssái ୌว࣬࠷ࡖࡈ࠷ excess n chøka ㉰㐛, kajø 㐛๨; (leeway, margin) yoyü ఴ⿩࣬ࡻ ࡹ࠹; is in ~ amarimásu ఴࡽࡱࡌ ࣬࠵ࡱࡽࡱࡌ excessive adj yokei (na) ఴ゛࣬ࡻ ࡄ࠷࡝ , høgai (na) Ἢአ࡝ ; (extreme) kageki (na) 㐛⃥࡝ , kyokután na ᴗ❻࡝ exchange v (tori-)kaemásu ཱིࡽ ᭨࠻ࡱࡌ࣬࠾࠻ࡱࡌ, hiki-kaemásu ᘤࡀᥦ࠻ࡱࡌ࣬ࡥࡀ࠾࠻ࡱ ࡌ, køkan shimásu ஹᥦࡊࡱࡌ exchange rate n kawase rëto Ⅵ᭨ ࣭ࣝࢹ excitement n køfun ⮾ዢ exciting adj wakuwaku saseru ࣠ ࢠ࣠ࢠࡈࡎࡾ, køfun saseru ⮾ዢ ࡈࡎࡾ, køfun suru ⮾ዢࡌࡾ exclude v háijo shimásu ᤴ㝎ࡊࡱࡌ



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exclusion n háijo ᤴ㝎 excrement n daibén ኬ౼, kusó ⢽ ࣬ࢠࢮ excursion n ensoku 㐪㊂࣬࠻ࢆࡐ ࡂ, yüran 㐗ぬ excuse n ii-wake ゕ࠷ズ࣬࠷࠷ࢂ ࡄ, møshiwake ⏞ࡊズ࣬⏞ࡊࢂ ࡄ; (pretext) køjitsu ཾᐁ; makes excuses (apologizes) ii-wake o shimásu ゕ࠷ズࢅࡊࡱࡌ; (declines) kotowarimásu ᩷ࡽࡱࡌ࣬ࡆ࡛ࢂ ࡽࡱࡌ Excuse me. Sumimasén ࡌࡲࡱࡎࢆ; Osóre-irimásu. ᜅࡿථࡽࡱࡌ࣬ ࠽ࡐࡿ࠷ࡽࡱࡌ; Dø´mo. ࡜࠹ࡵ; Gomen nasái. ࡇࡴࢆ࡝ࡈ࠷; Shitsúrei shimásu. ኶♡ࡊࡱࡌ.; Excuse me but I’ll be on my way. Sore déwa shitsúrei (ita)shimásu. ࡐࡿ ࡚ࡢ኶♡࠷ࡒ ࡊࡱࡌ. exempt v is ~ from … o manukaremásu … ࢅඞࡿࡱࡌ࣬ࡱ࡟࠾ࡿ ࡱࡌ; tax-exempt adj menzei (no) ඞ⛧ࡡ exercise 1. n (physical) undø 㐘 ິ, (calisthenics) taisø మ᧧ (study) renshü ⦆⩞࣬ࡿࢆࡊࡸ ࠹, (practice) dóríru ࢺࣛࣜ, (o-) keiko ࠽ ✅ཿ࠽࣬࠽ ࡄ࠷ࡆ 2. v undø shimásu 㐘ິࡊࡱࡌ exert v (~s oneself) tsutomemásu ຑࡴࡱࡌ࣬ࡗ࡛ࡴࡱࡌ; tsukushimásu ᑸࡂࡊࡱࡌ࣬ࡗࡂࡊࡱࡌ exhaust 1. n haiki ᤴẴ; (fumes) haiki-gásu ᤴẴ࢝ࢪ 2. ~s it v tsukai-hatashimásu ౐࠷ᯕࡒࡊ ࡱࡌ࣬౐࠷ࡢࡒࡊࡱࡌ; (runs out



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exhibit



of) kirashimásu วࡼࡊࡱࡌ࣬ࡀ ࡼࡊࡱࡌ exhibit 1. n tenji(-kai) ᒈ♟ఌ , tenrán-kai ᒈぬఌ 2. v ~s it misemásu ずࡎࡱࡌ࣬ࡲࡎࡱࡌ; shuppin shimásu ฝဗࡊࡱࡌ exhibition n tenjí-kai ᒈ♟ఌ, tenrán-kai ᒈぬఌ, hakuránkai ༡ぬఌ exhibitor n shuppín-sha ฝဗ⩽ exist v sonzai shimásu Ꮛᅹࡊࡱࡌ existence n (survives or does not survive) sonzai Ꮛᅹ, seizon ⏍ Ꮛ; (or exists or does not exist) úmu ᭯↋ exit 1. n dé-guchi ฝཾ; north/ south/ east/west ~ kita/minami/ higashi/nishi-guchi ໪༞᮶け ཾ 2. v taijø shimásu ㏝ሔࡊࡱࡌ exorbitant adj hogai (na) Ἢአ࡝ expand v hirogarimásu ᗀ࠿ࡽࡱࡌ ࣬ࡥࢀ࠿ࡽࡱࡌ; bøchø shimásu ⭶⬵ࡊࡱࡌ expect v (awaits) mátte imásu ᙽ ࡖ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ࣬ࡱࡖ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ, kitai shimásu ᭿ᙽࡊࡱࡌ; (anticipates) yosø shimásu ஢᝷ࡊࡱࡌ; expect to (do) … (suru) tsumori dé su … ࡌࡾ ࡗࡵࡽ࡚ࡌ expectation n mikomi ず㎰ࡲ࣬ࡲ ࡆࡲ, tsumori ࡗࡵࡽ, ate ᙔ࡙࣬ ࠵࡙, yosø ஢᝷࣬ࡻࡐ࠹, yotei ஢ᏽ࣬ࡻ࡙࠷; kitai ᭿ᙽ࣬ࡀࡒ ࠷; …hazu …ࡢࡍ expedient adj tsugø no yoi 㒌ྙࡡ ࡻ࠷ expense n híyø ㈕⏕, kei-hi ⤊㈕;



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…-hi …㈕ expensive adj (ne ga) takáiೋ࠿ 㧏࠷ experience 1. n keiken ⤊㥺࣬ࡄ࠷ ࡄࢆ, (personal) taiken మ㥺࣬ࡒ ࠷ࡄࢆ; (a sometime happening) …kotó …஥࣬ࡆ࡛; (professional) shokureki ⫃Ṍ 2. v (~s, undergoes) keiken shimásu ⤊㥺ࡊࡱࡌ, … mé ni aimásu …┘࡞࠵࠷ࡱࡌ experiment 1. n jikken (o shimásu) ᐁ㥺࣬ࡋࡖࡄࢆࢅࡊࡱࡌ ; (test) shikén ム㥺, tameshí ムࡊ 2. v ~s with … o tameshimásu, …ࢅムࡊࡱࡌ࣬…ࢅࡒࡴࡊࡱࡌ expert 1. adj jøzú (na) ࡋࡺ࠹ࡍ࣬ ୕ᡥ࡝ , tassha (na) 㐡⩽࡝ 2. n meijín ྞெ, tsü ㏳, tsüjin ㏳ ெ, (veteran) kúrø´to ࡂࢀ࠹࡛࣬ ⋖ெ, beteran ࣊ࢷࣚࣤ, (specialist) senmon-ka ᑍ㛓ᐓ expire v (contract, rights, etc.) shikkø shimásu ኶ຝࡊࡱࡌ explain v setsumei shimásu ㄕ᪺ࡊ ࡱࡌ࣬ࡎࡗࡴ࠷ࡊࡱࡌ; tokimásu ㄕࡀࡱࡌ; káishaku shimásu ゆ 㔐ࡊࡱࡌ࣬࠾࠷ࡊࡶࡂࡊࡱࡌ explanation n setsumei ㄕ᪺࣬ࡎࡗ ࡴ࠷; (interpretation) kái-shaku ゆ㔐; (excuse) ii-wake ゕ࠷ズ࣬ ࠷࠷ࢂࡄ explicit adj meihaku (na) ᪺Ⓣ࡝ explode v bakuhatsu shimásu ⇷Ⓠ ࡊࡱࡌ exploit 1. n tegara ᡥᯮ 2. v riyø shimásu ฺ⏕ࡊࡱࡌ explosion n bakuhatsu ⇷Ⓠ



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eyesight



export 1. n (exporting) yushutsu ㍲ฝ 2. v ~s it yushutsu shimásu ㍲ฝࡊࡱࡌ; export goods n yushutsu-hin ㍲ฝဗ exposition n 1. (a fair) hakuránkai ༡ぬఌ 2. (explanation) káishaku ゆ㔐 express 1. n (train, bus) kyükø ᛬⾔ 2. v (puts into words) ii-arawashimásu ゕ࠷⾪ࡊࡱࡌ࣬ ゕ࠷࠵ࡼࢂࡊࡱࡌ; express train n kyükø-ressha ᛬⾔า㌬ expression n (way of saying) iikata ゕ࠷᪁࣬ゕ࠷࠾ࡒ, (phrase) hyøgen ⾪⌟࣬ࡥࡺ࠹ࡅࢆ; (on face) hyøjø ⾪᝗࣬ࡥࡺ࠹ࡋࡺ࠹, kao 㢞࣬࠾࠽ extend v 1. (~s it) nobashimásu ᘇ ࡣࡊࡱࡌ࣬ࡡࡣࡊࡱࡌ, enchø shimásu ᘇ㛏ࡊࡱࡌ 2. (it ~s) nobimásu ఘࡦࡱࡌ࣬ࡡࡦࡱࡌ, (reaches) oyobimásu ཀྵࡦࡱࡌ࣬ ࠽ࡻࡦࡱࡌ extension n (cord) enchø-kø´do ᘇ 㛏ࢤ࣭ࢺ; (phone line, inside) naisen හ⥲, (outside) gaisen አ⥲ extent n kágirí 㝀ࡽ࣬࠾ࡁࡽ; hodo ⛤࣬࡮࡜; teido ⛤ᗐ; kagen ຊ΅; to what ~ dónna ni ࡜ࢆ࡝࡞ exterior n gáibu አ㒂, gaimen አ㟻 external adj soto-gawa (no) አഁ ࡡ ; gáibu/gaimen (no) አ㒂/አ 㟻ࡡ ; gai-… አ… extinguish v keshimásu ᾐࡊࡱࡌ࣬ ࡄࡊࡱࡌ; gets extinguished kiemásu ᾐ࠻ࡱࡌ࣬ࡀ࠻ࡱࡌ extol v homemásu 「ࡴࡱࡌ࣬࡮



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ࡴࡱࡌ extortion n yusuri ࡹࡌࡽ extra 1. n (actor/actress) ekisutora ࢙࢞ࢪࢹࣚ 2. n (bonus) omake ࠽ࡱࡄ 3. adj yobun (no/ni) ఴฦ ࣬ࡻࡩࢆ࡞ࡡ ; (special) tokubetsu (no) ≁ื࡛࣬ࡂ࡬ࡗࡡ ; extra charge n betsu-ryø´kin ืᩩ㔘 extract n ekisu ࢙࢞ࢪ extraordinary adj rinji (no) ⮣᫤ ࡡ ; namihazureta ୩አࡿࡒ࣬ ୩ࡢࡍࡿࡒ extravagant adj zeitákú (na) ࡏ࠷ ࡒࡂ࣬㉍Ἁ࡝ ; ogorimásu ࠽ࡇ ࡽࡱࡌ࣬㦟ࡽࡱࡌ extreme adj kyokután (na) ᴗ❻ ࡝ ; (radical) kageki (na) 㐛⃥ ࡝ extremely adv hijø (ni) 㟸ᖏ࣬ࡥࡋ ࡺ࠹࡞ , hanahada ⏊ࡓ࣬ࡢ࡝ ࡢࡓ, góku ࡇࡂ࣬ᴗ, shigoku ࡊ ࡇࡂ, kyokután (ni) ᴗ❻࣬ࡀࡺ ࡂࡒࢆ࡞ , to(t)temo ࡛ࡖ ࡙ ࡵ, monosúgóku ∸෴ࡂ࣬ࡵࡡࡌ ࡇࡂ, zúibun 㝮ฦ࣬ࡍ࠷ࡩࢆ;



(more than one might expect) nakanaka ࡝࠾࡝࠾ eye n 1. mé ┘>╉@ 2. (detective) tantei ᥀ം; (of a needle) médo ࡴ࡜; (with) wide ~s me o maruku shimásu ┘ࢅ୷ࡂࡊࡱࡌ; public eye n seken no me ୠ㛣ࡡ┘ eyeglasses n mégane ╉㙶࣬ࡴ࠿ ࡠ࣒࣬࢝ࢾ; puts on (wears) ~ mégane o kakemásu ╉㙶࣒࣬࢝ ࢾࢅ࠾ࡄࡱࡌ eyesight n shíryoku ちງ



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fable



F fable n güwa ᐩヨ fabric n ori-mono ⧂∸࣬࠽ࡽࡵ ࡡ, kíji ⏍ᆀ࣬ࡀࡋ fabulous adj subarashii ࡌࡣࡼࡊ ࠷࣬⣪ᬍࡼࡊ࠷, wakuwaku suru ࣠ࢠ࣠ࢠࡌࡾ face 1. n kao 㢞࣬࠾࠽, tsurá ࡗࡼ ࣬㟻; (one’s honor) taimen మ㟻 2. n (front) shø´men ḿ㟻 3. v (~s it) mukimásu ྡྷࡀࡱࡌ࣬ࡳ ࡀࡱࡌ 4. v atarimásu ᙔࡒࡽࡱ ࡌ࣬࠵ࡒࡽࡱࡌ; face towel n fësu taoru ࣆ࣭࢘ࢪࢰ࢛ࣜ Facebook n (Internet) feisu bukku ࣆ࢘࢕ࢪࣇࢴࢠ facial adj kao (no) 㢞ࡡ facilities n shisetsu ᪃シ࣬ࡊࡎࡗ, sétsubi シങ; bén ౼࣬ࡦࢆ facsimile n fakushimiri ࣆ࢒ࢠࢨ ࣐ࣛ, fákkusu ࣆ࢒ࢴࢠࢪ → fax fact n kotó ஥࣬ࡆ࡛, jíjitsu ஥ᐁ࣬ ࡋࡋࡗ; in ~ jitsú wa ᐁࡢ࣬ࡋࡗ ࡢ, jissai (wa) ᐁ㝷࣬ࡋࡖࡈ࠷࡝ factory n kø´ba/kø´jø´ ᕝሔ fad n ichiji-teki ryükø ୌ᫤ⓏὮ⾔ fade v 1. samemásu ࡈࡴࡱࡌ, asemásu ࠵ࡎࡱࡌ࣬〛ࡎࡱࡌ 2. (grows weak) otoroemásu ⾮࠻ ࡱࡌ࣬࠽࡛ࢀ࠻ࡱࡌ 3. (vanishes) kiemásu ᾐ࠻ࡱࡌ࣬ࡀ࠻ࡱࡌ; fade-out n fëdo auto ࣆ࣭࢘ࢺ ࢓ࢗࢹ fail v 1. shippai shimásu ኶ᩃࡊࡱ ࡌ 2. (exam) ochimásu ⴘࡔࡱࡌ



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࣬࠽ࡔࡱࡌ, rakudai shimásu ⴘ ➠ࡊࡱࡌ 3. (is wide off the mark) hazuremásu አࡿࡱࡌ࣬ࡢࡍࡿࡱ ࡌ 4. (engine etc. breaks down) koshø´ shimásu ᨶ㝸ࡊࡱࡌ failure n 1. shippai ኶ᩃ࣬ࡊࡖࡤ࠷ 2. (exam) rakudai ⴘ➠, fugø´kaku ୘ྙ᰹; power failure n teiden ೳ㞹 faint 1. adj (dim) kásuka (na) ࠾ࡌ ࠾>᚜࠾@࡝ 2. v (loses consciousness) ki o ushinaimásu Ẵ ࢅ኶࠷>࠹ࡊ࡝࠷@ࡱࡌ fair n (market) íchi ᕰ, íchi-bá ᕰ ሔ࣬࠷ࡔࡣ, (temple festival) én-nichi ⦍᪝࣬࠻ࢆ࡞ࡔ fair adj (just, impartial) kø´hei (na) පᖲ࡝ ; (sunny) hárete imásu ᬍࡿ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ࣬ࡢࡿ࡙࠷ ࡱࡌ; ~ weather haré ᬍࡿ࣬ࡢࡿ, (o-)ténki࠽ ኮẴ࡙࣬ࢆࡀ fairly adv (rather) kánari ࠾࡝ࡽ, sø´tø´ ┞ᙔ࣬ࡐ࠹࡛࠹, zúibun 㝮ฦ࣬ࡍ࠷ࡩࢆ fairy tale n døwa ❲ヨ, otogibánashi ࠽࡛ࡁヨ faithful adj seijitsu (na) ㄌᐁ࡝ , chüjitsu (na) ᚽᐁ࡝ , makoto (no) ㄌ࣬ࡱࡆ࡛ࡡ fake 1. adj nise (no) അ࣬࡞ࡎࡡ , inchiki (na) ࠷ࢆࡔࡀ࣬࢕ࣤࢲ࢞ ࡝ 2. n (thing) nise-mono അ∸࣬࡞ࡎࡵࡡ, inchiki ࠷ࢆࡔ ࡀ࣬࢕ࣤࢲ࢞, feiku ࣆ࢘࢕ࢠ falcon n taka ࢰ࢜࣬㮒, hayabusa



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farmer



ࣀࣕࣇࢦ࣬㞑 fall 1. n (autumn) áki ⚽ 2. v (it falls) ochimásu ⴘࡔࡱࡌ࣬࠽ࡔ ࡱࡌ, okkochimásu ⴘࡖࡆࡔࡱ ࡌ࣬࠽ࡖࡆࡔࡱࡌ 3. v (falls and scatters) chirimásu, ᩋࡽࡱࡌ࣬ ࡔࡽࡱࡌ; fall behind okuremásu 㐔ࡿࡱࡌ࣬࠽ࡂࡿࡱࡌ; okure o torimásu ᚃࡿࢅཱིࡽࡱࡌ࣬࠽ࡂ ࡿࢅ࡛ࡽࡱࡌ; fall down taoremásu ಻ࡿࡱࡌ࣬ࡒ࠽ࡿࡱࡌ, korobimásu ㌷ࡦࡱࡌ࣬ࡆࢀࡦࡱࡌ fallacy n goshin ㄏಘ falls n taki ⁢࣬ࡒࡀ (= waterfalls) false adj (falsehood) úso (no) ࠹ ࡐ࣬Ⴭ࣬ࢗࢮࡡ ; (fake) nise (no) അ࣬࡞ࡎࡡ , (artificial) jinzø´ (no) ெ㏸ࡡ ; false alarm n go-keihø ㄏ㆑ሒ falsehood n úso ࠹ࡐ࣬Ⴭ࣬ࢗࢮ, itsuwari അࡽ࣬࠷ࡗࢂࡽ falter v yoro-mekimásu ࡻࢀࡴࡀ ࡱࡌ, yóro-yoro shimásu ࡻࢀࡻ ࢀࡊࡱࡌ fame n 1. (reputation) hyø´ban ビ ึ 2. → honor familiar adj shitashíi のࡊ࠷࣬ࡊࡒ ࡊ࠷ → know family n uchi ᐓ࣬࠹ࡔ, … (o-) uchi ࠽ ᐓ; kázoku ᐓ᪐࣬࠾ࡑ ࡂ, (household) ᐓᗖ; (clan) úji Ắ࣬࠹ࡋ, …-ke …ᐓ family inn n minshuku Ằᐙ࣬ࡲࢆ ࡊࡸࡂ family name n (surname) sei ጞ, , (as written) myø´ji, miyoji ྞᏊ ࣬ⱉᏊ, úji Ắ, kámei ᐓྞ



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famine n ue 㣒࠻, kikin 㣒㤙࣬ ࡀࡀࢆ famous adj yümei (na) ᭯ྞ࣬ࡹ࠹ ࡴ࠷࡝ , na-dakái ྞ㧏࠷, hyoban (no) ビึ࣬ࡥࡺ࠹ࡣࢆ ࡡ ; gets ~ shiraremásu ▩ࡼࡿ ࡱࡌ࣬ࡊࡼࡿࡱࡌ, yümei ni narimásu ᭯ྞ࡞࡝ࡽࡱࡌ fan n 1. ø´gí ᡢ࣬࠽࠹ࡁ; (electric) senpü´-ki ᡢ㢴ᶭ࣬ࡎࢆࡪ࠹ ࡀ 2. (enthusiast) fán ࣆ࢒ࣤ; baseball fan n yakyü-fan 㔕⌣ࣆ࢒ ࣤ࣬ࡷࡀࡸ࠹ࣆ࢒ࣤ fancy adj (high-grade) kø´kyü (no) 㧏⣥ࡡ ; fancy goods n kø´kyü-hin 㧏⣥ဗ fanfare n fanfåre ࣆ࢒ࣤࣆ࢒࣭ࣝ fang n kiba ∫࣬࢞ࣁ fantastic n subarashii ⣪ᬍࡼࡊ࠷ fantasy n (imaginary) küsø ✭᝷, fantajii ࣆ࢒ࣤࢰࢩ࣭ far adj tø´i 㐪࠷࡛࣬࠽࠷, háruka (na) ࡢࡾ࠾࡝࣬㐮࠾࡝ ; háruka (ni) ࡢࡾ࠾࡞࣬㐮࠾࡞ ; how far donogurai/donokurai ࡜ࡡన, dóko made ࡜ࡆࡱ࡚; as far as it goes ichiø´ ୌᚺ; by far zutto ࡍࡖ ࡛, háruka (ni) ࡢࡾ࠾࣬㐮࠾࡞ fare n (fee) ryø´kin ᩩ㔘, (transportation) únchin 㐘㈜ Far East n kyokutø´ ᴗ᮶ farewell n (o-)wakare ࠽ ืࡿ࣬ ࠽ ࢂ࠾ࡿ; farewell party n sø´bétsukai ㏞ืࡿఌ,o-wakare-kai ࠽ืࡿఌ farm n nø´jø´ ㎨ሔ farmer n nø´ka ㎨ᐓ, nø´min ㎨Ằ



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far-off



far-off adj tø´i 㐪࠷࡛࣬࠽࠷, háruka (na) ࡢࡾ࠾࣬㐮࠾࡝ farsighted adj enshi (no) 㐪ち ࡡ ; (forward-looking) maemuki (no) ๑ྡྷࡀ࣬๑ࡳࡀࡡ ; senken no mei (no/ga aru) ඙ず ࡡ᪺ࡡ࠿࠵ࡾ fart n onara (o shimásu) ࠽࡝ࡼࢅ ࡊࡱࡌ ; [IMPOLITE] hé (o hirimásu) ࡫࣬ᗂࢅࡥࡽࡱࡌ fascinated adj uttóri (to) ࠹ࡖ࡛ ࡽ࡛ fascist n fashisuto ࣆ࢒ࢨࢪࢹ fashion 1. n (way) ryükø´ Ὦ⾔, hayari ࡢࡷࡽ>Ὦ⾔ࡽ@, fásshon ࣆ࢒ࢴࢨࣘࣤ; (…) fü … 㢴࣬ ࡨ࠹ 2. is in ~ hayarimásu ࡢࡷ ࡽ>Ὦ⾔ࡽ@ࡱࡌ fashionable adj hayari (no) ࡢࡷࡽ >Ὦ⾔ࡽ@ࡡ , ryükø´ (no) Ὦ⾔ ࡡ ; haikara (na) ࣀ࢕࢜ࣚ࡝ , sumå´to (na) ࢪ࣏࣭ࢹ࡝ fast adj háyaku ㏷ࡂ࣬ࡢࡷࡂ; hayái ㏷࠷࣬ࡢࡷ࠷; (clock runs fast) susunde imásu 㐅ࢆ࡚࠷ࡱ ࡌ࣬ࡌࡌࢆ࡚࠷ࡱࡌ fasten v 1. (firmly attaches) tomemásu ⏻ࡴࡱࡌ࡛࣬ࡴࡱࡌ 2.



(tightens, secures) shimemásu



ࡊ࡯࠹ 2. gets ~ v futorimásu ኯ ࡽࡱࡌ࣬ࡨ࡛ࡽࡱࡌ, koemásu ⫟࠻ࡱࡌ࣬ࡆ࠻ࡱࡌ 3. adj (plump) futói ኯ࠷࣬ࡨ࡛࠷, futotta ኯࡖࡒ࣬ࡨ࡛ࡖࡒ fate n ún 㐘, únmei 㐘࿤࣬࠹ࢆࡴ ࠷, shukumei ᐙ࿤ father n otø´san ࠽∏ࡈࢆ࣬࠽࡛ ࠹ࡈࢆ, chichí ∏, chichi oya ∏ の࣬ࡔࡔ࠽ࡷ Father n (Reverend) …shínpu(-san) …♼∏ࡈࢆ fatigue n hirø ␺ຘ fatty adj abrakkói ⬙ࡖࡆ࠷࣬࠵ࡩ ࡼࡖࡆ࠷; ~ tuna tóro ࡛ࢀ࣬ࢹࣞ faucet n jaguchi ⺤ཾ࣬ࡋࡶࡃࡔ fault 1. n (defect) kizu ࡀࡍ; (shortcoming) tánsho ▯ᡜ; (guilt) tsúmi ⨝࣬ࡗࡲ; (cause) …séi …ࡎ࠷ 2. at ~ warúi ᝇ ࠷࣬ࢂࡾ࠷ 3. finds ~ with togamemásu ࡛࠿ࡴ>࿲ࡴ@ࡱࡌ favor 1. n (kindness) (go-)shínsetsu ࡇ のว,࣬ࡇ ࡊࢆࡎࡗ (goodwill) kø´i ይណ࣬ࡆ࠹࠷; (request) o-nagai ࠽㢢࠷࣬࠽ࡠ࠿࠷ 2. does a ~ kø´i o misemásu ይណࢅ ずࡎࡱࡌ>ࡲࡎࡱࡌ@; does me/us the ~ of …ing …te kudasaimásu/ kuremásu …࡙ୖࡈ࠷ࡱࡌ࣬… ࡙ࡂࡓࡈ࠷ࡱࡌࡂࡿࡱࡌ 3. ~s



⥶ࡴࡱࡌ࣬ࡊࡴࡱࡌ fastener n fasunå ࣆ࢒ࢪࢻ࣭, chakku ࢲࣔࢴࢠ v (a choice) … (no) hø´ga íi to omoimásu …ࡡ ᪁࠿࠷࠷࡛ᛦ fast food n fåsuto füdo ࣆ࢒࣭ࢪ ࢹࣆ࣭ࢺ ࠷ࡱࡌ࣬…ࡡ ࡮࠹࠿࠷࠷࡛࠽ fastidious → choosy ࡵ࠷ࡱࡌ fat 1. n (grease) abura ࠵ࡩࡼ࣬ favorite adj dái-suki (na) ኬይࡀ࣬ ⬙, (lard, blubber) shibø´ ⬙⫣࣬ ࡓ࠷ࡌࡀ࡝ , (ichiban) sukí



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festival



(na) ୌ␊ ይࡀ࡝ ; o-kiniiri (no) ࠽Ẵ࡞ථࡽ࣬࠽ࡀ࡞࠷ࡽ favoritism n ekohiiki ࠻ࡆࡥ࠷ࡀ fax n fákkusu ࣆ࢒ࢴࢠࢪ fear 1. n (a fear) osoré ᜅࡿ࣬࠽ ࡐࡿ, kyø´fu ᜅᛟ࣬ࡀࡺ࠹ࡨ; shinpai ᚨ㒼࣬ࡊࢆࡤ࠷ 2. ~s it v osoremásu ᜅࡿࡱࡌ࣬࠽ࡐ ࡿࡱࡌ; kowagarimásu ᛟ࠿ࡽ ࡱࡌ࣬ࡆࢂ࠿ࡽࡱࡌ; (worries about) shinpai shimásu ᚨ㒼ࡊࡱ ࡌ࣬ࡊࢆࡤ࠷ࡊࡱࡌ fearful adj osoroshíi ᜅࢀࡊ࠷࣬ ࠽ࡐࢀࡊ࠷ feat n waza ᴏ࣬ࢂࡉ; (deed) shiwaza ௘ᴏ࣬ࡊࢂࡉ feather n hane ⩒, umø´ ⩒ẗ࣬࠹ ࡵ࠹; ke ẗ feature n tokuchø ≁ᚡ February n Ni-gatsú ஦᭮࣬2᭮ feces n kusó ࡂࡐ࣬⢽, fún ࡨࢆ࣬ ⢽; bén ౼, daibén ኬ౼ federation n renmei ㏻┍ fee n ryø´kin ᩩ㔘; …-ryø´ …ᩩ; (reward) sharei ㅨ♡, rei ♡; membership ~ kaihi ఌ㈕ feeble → weak feed v tabesasemásu 㣏࡬ࡈࡎࡱࡌ ࣬ࡒ࡬ࡈࡎࡱࡌ feel 1. v (by touch) sawarimásu ࡈࢂࡽ>よࡽ@ࡱࡌ 2. (by emotion) kan-jimásu វࡋࡱࡌ࣬࠾ࢆࡋࡱ ࡌ 3. (thinks) omoimásu ᛦ࠷ࡱ ࡌ࣬࠽ࡵ࠷ࡱࡌ 4. zon-jimásu Ꮛࡋࡱࡌ࣬ࡑࢆࡋࡱࡌ; zonjiagemásu Ꮛࡋ࠵ࡅࡱࡌ࣬ࡑࢆ ࡋ࠵ࡅࡱࡌ 5. (body reaction)



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moyø´shimásu തࡊࡱࡌ࣬ࡵࡻ ࠽ࡊࡱࡌ feeling n kimochi Ẵᣚࡔ࣬ࡀࡵࡔ, kanji វࡋ࣬࠾ࢆࡋ, ki Ẵ࣬ࡀ, nén ᛍ࣬ࡠࢆ; (sense) kimí Ẵ࿝ ࣬ࡀࡲ; kokóro ᚨ࣬ࡆࡆࢀ, omói ᛦ࠷࣬࠽ࡵ࠷; (mood) kokoromochi ᚨᣚࡔ࣬ࡆࡆࢀࡵࡔ, kíbun Ẵฦ࣬ࡀࡩࢆ; (one’s view) íkø´ ណྡྷ; (health) (karada no) guai మ>࠾ࡼࡓ@ࡡ රྙ࣬ࡃ࠵ ࠷; (compassion) (o-)násake ࠽ ᝗ࡄ࣬࡝ ࡈࡄ, nínjø´ ெ᝗ ࣬࡞ࢆࡋࡺ࠹ fellow n (person) hito ெ࣬ࡥ࡛, … hitó …ெ; monó ⩽, yátsu ࡷ ࡗ࣬ዦ; (comrade) fellow … … dø´shi …ྜྷᚷ; (man) otoko ⏠ female n onná (no hito) ዥ࣬࠽ ࢆ࡝ࡡெ>ࡥ࡛@ , josei ዥᛮ; female … (animal) mesu no … ࣒ࢪࡡ… fence n kakíne ᇄ᰷࣬࠾ࡀࡠ, (wall) hei ሚ࣬࡫࠷ fencing n fenshingu ࣆ࢘ࣤࢨࣤ ࢡ; the art of Japanese ~ (with bamboo swords) kéndø´ ๟㐠࣬ ࢢࣤࢺࢗ fermented adj Ⓠ㓕ࡊࡒ; fermented bean paste míso ࡲࡐ࣐࣬ࢮ࣬࿝ ძo-míso ࠽ࡲࡐ࣬࠽࿝ძ fern n shída ࡊࡓ࣬ࢨࢱ ferry (them over) v watashimásu ῳࡊࡱࡌ࣬ࢂࡒࡊࡱࡌ fester v umimásu ࠹ࡲࡱࡌ࣬⮃ ࡲࡱࡌ festival n (o-)matsuri ࠽ ⚅ࡽ



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feudal



࣬࠽ ࡱࡗࡽ feudal (period, system) adj hø´ken (-jídai/-séido) no ᑌᘋ᫤௥/โ ᗐ ࡡ; feudal lord n (o-)daimyø´ ࠽ ኬྞ fever n (o-)nétsu ࠽ ⇍; fiibå ࣆ ࢔࣭ࣁ࣭ became feverish fiibå shimásu ࣆ࢔࣭ࣁ࣭ࡊࡱࡌ few adj sukóshi (no) ᑛࡊ࣬ࡌࡆ ࡊࡡ ; sukunái ᑛ࡝࠷࣬ࡌࡂ࡝ ࠷; a few wazuka ࢂࡍ࠾; sukoshi ᑛࡊ→ several fewer adj (yori) sukunái ࡻࡽ ᑛ ࡝࠷࣬ࡌࡂ࡝࠷ fib n (lie) úso ࠹ࡐ࣬Ⴭ fiber n sén’i ⦼⥌࣬ࡎࢆ࠷; (line) súji ➵࣬ࡌࡋ fickle adj uwaki (na) ᾃẴ࣬࠹ࢂࡀ ࡝ fiction n shø´setsu ᑚㄕ, tsukuribanashi షࡽヨ࣬ࡗࡂࡽࡣ࡝ࡊ, fikushon ࣆ࢔ࢠࢨࣘࣤ; science fiction n saiensu fikushon ࢦ࢕࢙ ࣤࢪࣆ࢔ࢠࢨࣘࣤ fief n ryøchi 㡷ᆀ field n (dry) hatake ⏷࣬ࡢࡒࡄ; nóhara 㔕ཋ࣬ࡡࡢࡼ, hárappa ཋࡖࡤ࣬ࡢࡼࡖࡤ; (rice paddy) tá ⏛࣬ࡒ, tanbo ⏛ࢆ࡯࣬ࡒࢆ ࡯; (specialty) senmon ᑍ㛓࣬ ࡎࢆࡵࢆ; field day n ① (military) yagai-enshü-bi 㔕አⁿ⩞᪝ ② (athletic festival) undø-kai 㐘 ິఌ fierce adj hageshíi ⃥ࡊ࠷࣬ࡢࡅ ࡊ࠷, sugói ࡌࡇ࠷࣬෴࠷ fifth adj go-banmé (no) ஫␊┘



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ࡡ , itsutsu-mé (no) ஫ࡗ┘࣬࠷ ࡗࡗࡴࡡ ; the fifth day itsuka-me ஫᪝┘, (of the month) itsuka ஫᪝ fig n ichíjiku ࠷ࡔࡋࡂ࣬࢕ࢲࢩࢠ fight v tatakaimásu ᡋ࠷ࡱࡌ࣬ࡒ ࡒ࠾࠷ࡱࡌ → argue figure → count; number; think; shape; body; being, person; diagram file n 1. (nail ~, etc.) yasuri ࡷࡌ ࡽ 2. (computer) fairu ࣆ࢒࢕ࣜ 3. → folder 4. v (grinds) surimásu ࡌࡽࡱࡌ 5. v (submits) teishutsu shimásu ᥞฝࡊࡱࡌ; ~ income tax kakutei o shinkoku shimásu ☔ᏽ⏞࿈ࢅࡊࡱࡌ 6. v (stores document) shorui o tojimásu ᭡ 㢦ࢅ⥓ࡋࡱࡌ filet n (of pork etc.) hire ࣃࣝ Filipino n (language) Firipin-go ࣆ ࢔ࣛࣅࣤㄊ; (person) Firipin-jin ࣆ࢔ࣛࣅࣤெ fill v 1. ippai ni shimásu ୌ᮴ ࡞ࡊࡱࡌ࣬࠷ࡖࡤ࠷࡞ࡊࡱࡌ; mitashimásu ‫ࡲ࣬ࡌࡱࡊࡒ‮‬ ࡒࡊࡱࡌ; ~s the tank, ~s it up man-tan ni shimásu ‫ࡊ࡞ࣤࢰ‮‬ ࡱࡌ 2. (fulfills) konashimásu ࡆ࡝ࡊࡱࡌ, ~ an order chümon o konashimásu Ἰᩝࢅࡆ࡝ࡊࡱ ࡌ 3. ~s in (details) kaki-iremásu ᭡ࡀථࡿࡱࡌ࣬࠾ࡀ࠷ࡿࡱࡌ, kinyü shimásu エථࡊࡱࡌ film n f(u)irumu ࣆ࢔࣑ࣜࣆ࢕ࣜ ࣑ ; (movie) eiga ᫆⏤ filter 1. n f(u)írutå ࣆ࢔ࣜࢰ࣭ࣆ ࢕ࣜࢰ࣭ 2. v (~s it) koshimásu



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ENGLISH–JAPANESE



fish



ࡆࡊࡱࡌ filthy → dirty fin n hire ࡥࡿ࣬ࣃࣝ final adj saigo (no) ᭩ᚃ࣬ࡈ࠷ࡇ ࡡ , saishü (no) ᭩⤂ࡡ finalization n seiritsu ᠺ❟ finance 1. n kin’yü 㔘⼝; kéizai ⤊ ῥ; zaisei ㈀ᨳ 2. ~s it v yüzü shimásu ⼝㏳ࡊࡱࡌ find 1. v mitsukemásu ずࡗࡄࡱ ࡌ࣬ࡲࡗࡄࡱࡌ 2. n (bargain) horidashi-mono ᤸࡽฝࡊ∸࣬ ࡮ࡽࡓࡊࡵࡡ; find fault with togamemásu ࡛࠿ࡴ>࿲ࡴ@ࡱࡌ; find out (hears) (… ga) mimí ni hairimásu …࠿ ⪝࡞ථࡽࡱ ࡌ࣬…࠿ ࡲࡲ࡞ࡢ࠷ࡽࡱࡌ; (… ga) wakarimásu …࠿ ฦ࠾ ࡽࡱࡌ࣬…࠿ ࢂ࠾ࡽࡱࡌ fine 1. adj (small/detailed) komakái ⣵࠾࠷࣬ࡆࡱ࠾࠷, (minute) bisai (na) ᚜⣵࣬ࡦࡈ࠷࡝ , (delicate) bimyø´ (na) ᚜ዼ࣬ ࡦࡲࡺ࠹࡝ 2. → OK, good, splendid, fair 3. n (penalty) bakkin ⨡㔘࣬ࡣࡖࡀࢆ finger n yubí ᣞ࣬ࡹࡦ fingerprint n shimon ᣞ⣘࣬ࡊࡵࢆ finish 1. n → end 2. v (finishes … ing) …te shimaimásu …࡙ࡊ ࡱ࠷ࡱࡌ Finland n Finrando ࣆ࢔ࣤࣚࣤࢺ fire 1. n hí ℾ, (accidental) káji ℾ ஥࣬࠾ࡋ, kasai ℾⅇ; (bonfire) takibi ࡒࡀℾ࣬ࡒࡀࡦ 2. v (lays



kotowarimásu ᩷ࡽࡱࡌ࣬ࡆ࡛ ࢂࡽࡱࡌ, káiko shimásu ゆ㞘ࡊ ࡱࡌ࣬࠾࠷ࡆࡊࡱࡌ; got fired kubi ni narimáshita 㤫࡞࡝ࡽࡱ ࡊࡒ࣬ࡂࡦ࡞࡝ࡽࡱࡊࡒ; fire alarm n kasai-kéihø´ ℾⅇ㆑ሒ; (device) kasai-hø´chíki ℾⅇሒ▩ჹ; fire engine n shø´bø´-sha ᾐ㜭㌬; fire fighter, fireman n shø´bø´-shi



ᾐ㜭ኃ fireworks n hána-bi ⰴℾ࣬ࡢ࡝ࡦ firm 1. adj jø´bu (na) ୓ኰ࣬ࡋࡺ ࠹ࡩ࡝ ; (hard) katai ᅖ࠷࣬ ◫࠷࣬ᇻ࠷࣬࠾ࡒ࠷ 2. n (business) → company firmly adv kataku ᅖࡂ࣬◫ࡂ࣬ ᇻࡂ࣬࠾ࡒࡂ; (securely) chanto ࡔࡶࢆ࡛; (resolutely) shikkári ࡊࡖ࠾ࡽ first adj hajime (no) ิࡴ࣬ࡢࡋ ࡴࡡ , saisho (no) ᭩ิ࣬ࡈ࠷ ࡊࡺࡡ , hatsu (no) ิ࣬ࡢࡗ ࡡ ; (number one) ichí-ban (no) ୌ␊࣬࠷ࡔࡣࢆࡡ ; first aid n ø´kyü-téate ᚺ᛬ᡥᙔ; first class adj ik-kyü ୌ⣥; (ticket, seat) it-tø´ ୌ➴; (hotel, school) ichiryü (no) ୌὮ࣬࠷ࡔࡽࡸ࠹ ࡡ ; first day of the month n tsuitachí ୌ᪝࣬ࡗ࠷ࡒࡔ; first day of the year n ganjitsu ඔ᪝, gantan ඔ᪞࣬ ࠿ࢆࡒࢆ; first time adj hajímete (no) ิࡴ࡙࣬ࡢࡋࡴ࡙ࡡ first-rate adj ichiryü (no) ୌὮ࣬࠷ ࡔࡽࡸ࠹ࡡ ; jø´tø (no) ୕➴࣬ off, disemploys) kubi ni shimásu ࡋࡺ࠹࡛࠹ࡡ 㤫࡞ࡊࡱࡌ࣬ࡂࡦ࡞ࡊࡱࡌ, fish 1. n(o-)sakana ࠽ ࡈ࠾࡝࣬



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fisherman



࠽ 㨮, uo 㨮; sliced raw ~ sashimi ๆ㌗࣬ࡈࡊࡲ 2. v (angles) tsurimásu 㔦ࡽࡱࡌ࣬ࡗࡽࡱࡌ; fishballs n (for soup) tsumire ࡗ ࡲࡿ࣬ࢵ࣐ࣝ; fish dealer/market n sakana-ya 㨮ᒁ࣬ࡈ࠾࡝ᒁ fisherman n ryø´shi ⁲ᖅ, gyo´fu 㨮ኰ fishing n (as sport) (sakaná-) tsuri 㨮 㔦ࡽ࣬ࡗࡽ, ryø´ ⁲࣬ࡽࡺ ࠹; (business) gyogyø´ ⁲ᴏ fishy adj (questionable) kusái ⮧࠷࣬ࡂࡈ࠷; ~-smelling namagusái ⏍⮧࠷࣬࡝ࡱࡃࡈ࠷ fist n kobushi ࡆࡩࡊ࣬ᣑ, genkotsu ࡅࢆࡆࡗ࣬ᣑ㦭, genko ࡅࢆࡆ fit 1. adj (suitable) tekigi (no) 㐲 ᏿࡙࣬ࡀࡁࡡ ; ~s … nicely… ni yóku aimásu …࡞Ⰳࡂྙ࠷ࡱ ࡌ࣬…࡞ࡻࡂ࠵࠷ࡱࡌ 2. v ~s it to … ni ate-hamemásu …࡞ᙔ࡙ ࡢࡴࡱࡌ࣬…࡞࠵࡙ࡢࡴࡱࡌ 3. n (a good ~) saizu ga atteiru ࢦ ࢕ࢫ࠿ྙࡖ࡙࠷ࡾ five n gó ஫࣬5; itsútsu ஫ࡗ࣬࠷ ࡗࡗ; fáibu ࣆ࢒࢕ࣇ fix 1. v (repairs) naoshimásu ├ ࡊࡱࡌ࣬࡝࠽ࡊࡱࡌ; (makes) tsukurimásu షࡽࡱࡌ࣬ࡗࡂࡽ ࡱࡌ; (prepares) sonaemásu ങ ࠻ࡱࡌ࣬ࡐ࡝࠻ࡱࡌ; (settles) sadamemásu ᏽࡴࡱࡌ࣬ࡈࡓࡴ ࡱࡌ 2. n (plight) hamé ⩒┘࣬ ࡢࡴ, kukyø ⱖሾ fixed adj (settled) ittei (no) ୌ ᏽ࣬࠷ࡖ࡙࠷ࡡ ; (periodic) téiki (no) ᏽ᭿࡙࣬࠷ࡀࡡ ;



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tei-…ᏽ… fixture n kígu ჹර flag n hatá ᪕࣬ࡢࡒ; (national) kokki ᅗ᪕ flame n honø´ ⅎ࣬࡮ࡡ࠽ flap 1. n (of envelope, etc.) futa ࡨ ࡒ࣬⵱, furappu ࣆࣚࢴࣈ 2. v ~s the wings habatakimásu ⩒ࡣ ࡒࡀࡱࡌ flare n hatsuen-tø Ⓠⅎ➼, furea ࣆࣝ࢓ flashlight n kaichü-déntø´ ᠔୯㞹 ⅁, dentø´ 㞹⅁ flashy adj hadé (na) Ὤᡥ࣬ࡢ࡚ ࡝ flask n furasuko ࣆࣚࢪࢤ flat 1. n heimén ᖲ㟻 2. n (apartment) furátto ࣆࣚࢴࢹ, apåto ࢓ ࣂ࣭ࢹ 3. adj taira (na) ᖲࡼ࣬ࡒ ࠷ࡼ࡝ , hiratai ᖲࡒ࠷࣬ࡥࡼࡒ ࠷; (flavorless) ajikenái ࿝Ẵ࡝ ࠷; flat land n heichi ᖲᆀ; flat rate n kin’itsu-ryøkin ᆍୌᩩ㔘 flatter v o-seji o iimásu ࠽ୠ㎙ࢅ ゕ࠷ࡱࡌ࣬࠽ࡎࡋࢅ࠷࠷ࡱࡌ; goma o surimásu ࡇࡱ>⬄㯖࣬ࢥ ࣏@ࢅࡌࡽࡱࡌ flatulate v → fart flatulence n onara ࠽࡝ࡼ࢛࣬ࢻࣚ, hé ࡫࣬ᑼ flavor 1. n aji ࿝࣬࠵ࡋ, fü´mí 㢴 ࿝; (seasoning) chø´mi ㄢ࿝, kagen ຊ΅ 2. v (seasons it) … ni aji o tsukemásu …࡞࿝ࢅ௛ ࡄ>ࡗࡄ@ࡱࡌ; flavor sprinkles (to top rice) n furikake ࡨࡽ࠾ࡄ࣬ ࣆࣛ࢜ࢢ



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flustered



flaw n kizu ഭ࣬ࡀࡍ, (defect) ketten ḖⅤ flee v nigemásu ㏠ࡅࡱࡌ࣬࡞ ࡅࡱࡌ fleet n (fleet of ships) kantai ⯼㝪 fleeting adj (transitory) hakánai ࡢ࠾࡝࠷࣬൷࠷ flesh n nikutai ⫏మ flicker n chiratsuki ࡔࡼࡗࡀ; chika-chikashita hikari ࢲ࢜ࢲ ࢜ࡊࡒක flies → fly flight (number …) n …-bin …౼ flight attendant n kyakushitsu jø´muin ᐂᐄ஋ຸဤ, furaito-atendanto ࣆࣚ࢕ࢹ࣬࢓ࢷࣤࢱࣤࢹ float 1. v (it floats) ukabimásu ᾃ ࠾ࡦࡱࡌ࣬࠹࠾ࡦࡱࡌ, ukimásu, ᾃࡀࡱࡌ࣬࠹ࡀࡱࡌ; (~s it) ukabemásu ᾃ࠾࡬ࡱࡌ࣬࠹࠾࡬ ࡱࡌ 2. n (swimming ~) ukiwa ᾃࡀ㍧ flock 1. n muré ⩄ࡿ࣬ࡳࡿ 2. v they ~ together muragarimásu ⩄ ࠿ࡽࡱࡌ flood 1. n kø´zui ὝỀ, ø´mízú ኬ Ề 2. v hanran shimásu ệ⃻ࡊࡱ ࡌ࣬ࡢࢆࡼࢆࡊࡱࡌ floor n yuka ᗃ, furoa ࣆࣞ࢓; (story) (-)kai 㝭; mezzanine ~ chü-ní-kai ୯஦㝭; floor lamp n (denki) sutándo 㞹Ẵ ࢪࢰࣤࢺ; floor mat(ting) n tatami ␒࣬ࢰࢰ࣐ floppy n furoppii (disuku) ࣆࣞࢴ ࣅ࣭࣬ࢸ࢔ࢪࢠ, FD florist n haná-ya ⰴᒁ flounder n hirame ࡥࡼࡴ࣬ࣃ࣒ࣚ



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flour n koná ⢂࣬ࡆ࡝, kó ⢂; (wheat) komugi-ko ᑚ㯇⢂, meriken-ko ࣒ࣛࢢࣤ⢂ flourish v sakaemásu ᰜ࠻ࡱࡌ࣬ ࡈ࠾࠻ࡱࡌ flow 1. it ~s v nagaremásu Ὦࡿࡱ ࡌ࣬࡝࠿ࡿࡱࡌ 2. ~s it v nagashimásu Ὦࡊࡱࡌ࣬࡝࠿ࡊࡱࡌ 3. n (outflow) de ฝ, nagaré Ὦ ࡿ࣬࡝࠿ࡿ flower 1. n (o-)hana ࠽ ⰴ࣬࠽ ࡢ࡝ 2. v (blooms) (hana ga) sakimásu ⰴ࠿ ဋࡀࡱࡌ; flower arrangement n (arranging) o-hana ࠽ⰴ, ikébana ⏍ࡄⰴ࣬࠷ࡄࡣ࡝, kadø ⳱㐠; flowerpot n uekí-bachi ᳔ᮄ㖂࣬࠹࠻ࡀ㖂; flower shop → florist; flower viewing n (o-)hanami ࠽ ⰴず࣬࠽ ࡢ࡝ࡲ flu n infuruénza ࢕ࣤࣆ࢙ࣜࣤࢧ fluent adj ryü´chø´ (na) Ὦࡔࡺ࠹ >Ὦᬰ@࡝ ; (can speak it fluently) jiyü (/ryü´chø´) ni hanasemásu ⮤⏜Ὦᬰ ࡞ヨࡎࡱࡌ fluent(ly) adj (adv) (speaking) perapera (to) ࡭ࡼ࡭ࡼ࣬࣋ࣚ࣋ ࡛ࣚ ; (writing) surasura (to) ࡌࡼࡌࡼ࡛ flush 1. n (the ~ on one’s face) sekimen (shimásu) ㉝㟻ࡊࡱࡌ 2. v (~s the toilet) (toire o) nagashimásu ࢹ࢕ࣝࢅ Ὦࡊࡱࡌ࣬ ࡝࠿ࡊࡱࡌ; flush toilet n suisentóire Ềὑࢹ࢕ࣝ flustered; gets ~ awatemásu ࠵ࢂ ࡙ࡱࡌ࣬ុ࡙ࡱࡌ; feels ~ teremásu ↯ࡿࡱࡌ࡙࣬ࡿࡱࡌ; a



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flutter



person easily ~ awate-mono ࠵ࢂ ࡙⩽࣬ុ࡙⩽ flutter; one’s heart ~s dókidoki shimásu ࡜ࡀ࡜ࡀ>ࢺ࢞ࢺ࢞@ ࡊࡱࡌ fly 1. n (insect) hae ⼒࣬ࣀ࢙ 2. v (moves in air) tobimásu 㣍ࡦࡱࡌ ࡛࣬ࡦࡱࡌ; (flies it) tobashimásu 㣍ࡣࡊࡱࡌ࡛࣬ࡣࡊࡱࡌ, flies a kite táko o agemásu ญࢅᥥࡅ ࡱࡌ࣬ࡒࡆࢅ࠵ࡅࡱࡌ; (pilots) sø´jü shimásu ᧧⦢ࡊࡱࡌ; (goes by plane) hikø´-ki de ikimásu 㣍 ⾔ᶭ࡚⾔ࡀࡱࡌ࣬ࡥࡆ࠹ࡀ࡚ ࠷ࡀࡱࡌ foam → bubble focus 1. n (camera) pinto ࣅࣤࢹ; (focal point) shø´ten ↌Ⅴ; out-of-~ pinboke ࣅࣤ࡯ࡄ 2. v shøten o awasemásu ↌Ⅴࢅྙࢂࡎࡱࡌ; shüchü-sasemasu 㞗୯ࡈࡎࡱࡌ fodder n shiryø 㣣ᩩ fog n kiri 㟕࣬ࡀࡽ fold 1. n ori-mé ᢙࡽ┘ 2. v (~s it) orimásu ᢙࡽࡱࡌ࣬࠽ࡽࡱࡌ, (~s it up) tatamimásu ␒ࡲࡱࡌ ࣬ࡒࡒࡲࡱࡌ; (it ~s) oremásu ᢙࡿࡱࡌ; ~s one’s arms udé o kumimásu ⭆ࢅ⤄ࡲࡱࡌ folder n 1. file ~ kami-básami ⣤ᣫࡲ, fairu ࣆ࢒࢕ࣜ 2. (computer) foruda ࣆ࢚ࣜࢱ, forudå ࣆ࢚ࣜࢱ࣭ folk adj minkan no Ằ㛣ࡡ; folkcraft n mingei Ằⰹ, mingei-hin Ằⰹ ဗ; folk dance n føku dansu ࣆ࢚࣭ ࢠࢱࣤࢪ, minyø-buyø Ằㅬ⯑㊸;



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folks → people; parents; family follow v (follows it) … no áto o tsukemásu …ࡡ࠵࡛ࢅࡗࡄࡱ ࡌ; (adheres to) … ni tsukimásu … ࡞௛ࡀࡱࡌ࣬… ࡞ࡗࡀࡱࡌ;



(conforms to) … ni shitagaimásu … ࡞ᚉ࠷ࡱࡌ࣬… ࡞ࡊࡒ࠿࠷ ࡱࡌ; (runs along) … ni soimásu …࡞Ἒ࠷ࡱࡌ࣬…࡞ࡐ࠷ࡱࡌ; ~ the example of ... o mi-naraimásu …ࢅず⩞࠷ࡱࡌ follower n (adherent) shijisha ᨥ ᣚ⩽ following 1. adj tsugí (no) ḗ࣬ࡗ ࡁࡡ , ika (no) ௧ୖࡡ , kaki (no) ୖエࡡ 2. n (a following) fan ࣆ࢒ࣤ folly n gukø ម⾔, orokasa ម࠾ ࡈ࣬࠽ࢀ࠾ࡈ fond of → like fondness n konomi ይࡲ food n 1. tabe-mónó 㣏࡬∸࣬ࡒ ࡬ࡵࡡ, góhan ᚒ㣜࣬ࡇࡢࢆ, shokúmotsu 㣏∸; (meal) shoku 㣏, (Western) yø´-shoku Ὂ㣏; (Japanese) wa-shoku ࿰㣏 2. n (stuff) → groceries; food poisoning shoku-chüdoku 㣏୯Ẑ, shokuatari 㣏࠵ࡒࡽ fool 1. n báka ࡣ࠾࣬㤷㮭, tónma ࡛ࢆࡱ࣬㡳㤷; fool around v fuzakemásu ࡨࡉࡄࡱࡌ 2. ~s (someone) v karakaimásu ࠾ࡼ࠾࠷ ࡱࡌ foolish adj baka-rashíi ࡣ࠾>㤷㮭@ ࡼࡊ࠷, báka (na) ࡣ࠾>㤷㮭@࡝ foot n ashí ㊂; (of a mountain)



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forgery



fumotó ࡨࡵ࡛࣬㮼 football n (American) (amerikan) futto-børu ࢓࣒ࣛ࢜ࣤ㸞ࣆࢴࢹ ࣭࣍ࣜ, amefuto ࢓࣒ࣆࢹ footlight n futto-raito ࣆࢴࢹࣚ࢕ ࢹ, kyakkø ⬦ක footnote n kyakuchü ⬦Ἰ footprint n ashi-áto ㊂㊟ footwear n hakimono ᒓ∸࣬ࡢࡀ ࡵࡡ for prep … (no) tamé (ni)…ࡡ ࡒࡴ࡞ ; … ni (wa) … ࡞ࡢ ; … ni tótte … ࡞࡛ࡖ࡙; …no… … ࡡ… ; (for the use of) …-yø´ (no) …⏕ࡡ ; (suitable for) …-muki (no) …ྡྷࡀ࣬…ࡳࡀ ࡡ ; do it for me/us, they do it for you … -te kuremásu…࡙ࡂࡿࡱࡌ; do it for you/them, you do it for them … -te agemásu …࡙࠵ࡅࡱࡌ; for a long time adv (now) zutto máe kara ࡍࡖ࡛๑࠾ࡼ; for a while adv shibáraku ࡊࡣࡼࡂ; hitómazu ࡥ࡛ࡱࡍ; for example, for instance adv tatóeba ౚ࠻ࡣ࣬ࡒ࡛࠻ࡣ; for sure adv kanarazu ᚪࡍ࣬࠾࡝ ࡼࡍ, zéhi ᫕㟸࣬ࡏࡥ, táshikani ☔࠾࡞࣬ࡒࡊ࠾࡞; for the first time adv hajímete ิࡴ࡙࣬ࡢࡋࡴ࡙; for the most part adv taigai ኬᴣ࣬ ࡒ࠷࠿࠷, ø´kata ࠽࠽࠾ࡒ࣬ኬ ᪁; for the reason that … adv to iu riyü de … ࡛࠷࠹⌦⏜࡚, …yué ni …ᨶ࡞࣬ࡹ࠻࡞; for the time being adv tø´bun ᙔฦ, hitómazu ࡥ࡛ࡱࡍ forbearance n shínbø´ ࡊࢆ࡯࠹࣬



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㎖ᢢ forbid v kin-jimásu ⚏ࡋࡱࡌ࣬ࡀ ࢆࡋࡱࡌ force 1. n (power) jitsuryoku ᐁງ 2. v ~s one (to do) múri ni sasemásu ↋⌦࡞ forceps n pinsetto ࣅࣤࢬࢴࢹ ford n asase ὰ℡ foreboding n yokan ஢វ࣬ࡻ࠾ࢆ forecast 1. n yohø´ ஢ሒ, yosoku ஢ῼ; weather ~ tenki-yóhø´ ኮẴ ஢ሒ 2. ~s it v (predicts, estimates it) yosoku shimásu ஢ῼࡊࡱࡌ forehead n hitai 㢘࣬ࡥࡒ࠷, odéko ࠽࡚ࡆ foreign adj gaikoku (no) አᅗࡡ , gai-… አ…, (Western) yø´… Ὂ…; foreign language n gaikokugo አᅗㄊ; foreign policy n gaikøseisaku አஹᨳ➿; foreign student(s) n ryügaku-sei ⏻Ꮥ⏍ foreigner n gaijin አெ, gaikokújin አᅗெ forest n mori ᲻࣬ࡵࡽ, (grove) hayashi ᯐ࣬ࡢࡷࡊ forever adv ítsu mo ࠷ࡗࡵ, eien ni Ễ㐪࡞࣬࠻࠷࠻ࢆ࡞, eikyü ni Ễ஁࡞࣬࠻࠷ࡀࡸ࠹࡞ foreword n jobun ᗆᩝ, mae-gaki ๑᭡ࡀ forge v 1. (a signature, document, etc.) nisemásu జࡎࡱࡌ࣬࡞ࡎࡱ ࡌ 2. (tempers metal) kitaemásu 㘣࠻ࡱࡌ࣬ࡀࡒ࠻ࡱࡌ forgery n (making a fake copy) gizø´ അ㏸; (a fake) nise-mono അ∸࣬࡞ࡎࡵࡡ



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forget



forget v wasuremásu ᚸࡿࡱࡌ࣬ ࢂࡌࡿࡱࡌ; don’t ~ to do it wasurenáide shite kudasai ᚸࡿ ࡝࠷࡚ࡊ࡙ୖࡈ࠷࣬ࢂࡌࡿ࡝࠷ ࡚ࡂࡓࡈ࠷ forgive v yurushimásu スࡊࡱࡌ࣬ ࡹࡾࡊࡱࡌ forgiveness n yurushi スࡊ fork n 1. fø´ku ࣆ࢚࣭ࢠ 2. (forking, branching) wakare ฦ ࠾ࡿ࣬ࢂ࠾ࡿ, matá ཧ࣬ཨ, futamatá ஦ཨ>⫝̸@; fork out money (for ...) (... ni) okane o dashimasu ...࡞ ࠽㔘ࢅฝࡊࡱࡌ forklift n føku rifuto ࣆ࢚࣭ࢠ ࣛࣆࢹ form 1. n katachi ᙟ, (pattern) katá ᇻ, (figure) (o-)súgata ࠽ጶ ࣬࠽ ࡌ࠿ࡒ, kakkø´ ᰹ይ࣬᜞ ይ࣬࠾ࡖࡆ࠹; (o-)nári ࠽ ࡝ ࡽ, (style) tái మ; (appearance) teisai మ⿚; (blank paper) yø´shi ⏕⣤; (document) shorui ᭡㢦 2. v (creates it) nashimásu ᠺࡊࡱ ࡌ࣬࡝ࡊࡱࡌ, tsukurimásu షࡽ ࡱࡌ࣬ࡗࡂࡽࡱࡌ formal adj seishiki (na/no) ḿᘟ࣬ ࡎ࠷ࡊࡀ࡝ࡡ ; fømaru (na) ࣆ ࢚࣭࣏ࣜ࡝ ; keishikiteki (na) ᙟᘟⓏ࡝ formality n keishikiteki ᙟᘟⓏ format 1. n (book, magazine) teisai మ⿚, hankei ∟ᆵ; (data) fø´matto ࣆ࢚࣭࣏ࢴࢹ 2. v (~s



a disk) (disuku o) fømatto(-ka) shimásu ࢸ࢔ࢪࢠࢅ ࣆ࢚࣭࣏ ࢴࢹ໩ ࡊࡱࡌ



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former adj máe (no) ๑࣬ࡱ࠻ࡡ ; móto (no) ࡵ࡛>ඔ@ࡡ ; [BOOKISH] zén… ๑…; the ~ zénsha ๑⩽ formerly adv móto wa ࡵ࡛>ඔ@ࡢ; kátsute ࠾ࡗ࡙ fortnight n ni-shükan 2㐄㛣࣬ ஦㐄㛣 fortunate adj saiwai (na) ᖶ࠷࣬ࡈ ࠷ࢂ࠷࡝ fortune n (property) zaisan ㈀⏐; (luck) ún 㐘, únmei 㐘࿤࣬࠹ࢆ ࡴ࠷; (good luck) saiwai ᖶ࠷࣬ ࡈ࠷ࢂ࠷, shiawase ᖶࡎ࣬ࡊ࠵ ࢂࡎ; (written) (o-)mikuji ࠽ ࡲ ࡂࡋ; fortune-telling n uranai ༥ ࠷࣬࠹ࡼ࡝࠷ forty n yón jü ᄿ༎࣬40, shi-jü ᄿ༎ forward 1. adv (ahead) máe e/ ni ๑>ࡱ࠻@࡫࡞; goes ~ susumimásu 㐅ࡲࡱࡌ࣬ࡌࡌࡲ ࡱࡌ 2. adj (pushy) bu-énryo (na) ↋㐪៎࣬ࡩ࠻ࢆࡽࡺ࡝ forwarding adj tensø (no) ㌷㏞ࡡ , unsø (no) 㐘㏞ࡡ ; forwarding agency n unsø-gyøsha 㐘㏞ᴏ⩽ foster v yashinaimásu 㣬࠷ࡱ ࡌ࣬ࡷࡊ࡝࠷ࡱࡌ; foster child n sodate-go ⫩࡙Ꮔ, sato-go 㔓Ꮔ; foster parent n sodate no oyá ⫩࡙ ࡡの࣬ࡐࡓ࡙ࡡの, sato-oya 㔓の foul n, v hansoku (shimásu) ཬ์ ࡊࡱࡌ → dirty found 1. → find; gets ~ mitsukarimásu ずࡗ࠾ࡽࡱࡌ࣬ࡲࡗ࠾ࡽࡱ ࡌ 2. → establish



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French



foundation n (base) kisó ᇱ♇࣬ ࡀࡐ, (basis) konpon ᰷ᮇ, kihon ᇱᮇ࣬ࡀ࡮ࢆ; (non-profit organization) zaidan ㈀ᅆ fountain n funsui ᄂỀ fountain pen n mannén-hitsu ୒ᖳ➱ four n yón ᄿ࣬4, shí ᄿ࣬4, yottsú ᄿࡗ࣬ࡻࡖࡗ; number ~ yoban (also yónban) ᄿ␊ four or five n shi-go-… ᄿ, ஫… fourteen n jü´-yón, jü-shí ༎ᄿ࣬14 fourteenth adj jüyo(m) -banmé (no) ༎ᄿ␊┘ࡡ ; the ~ day jüyokka-mé ༎ᄿ᪝┘, (of the month) jü´-yokka ༎ᄿ᪝ fourth adj yo-banmé (no) (also yonbanmé) ᄿ␊┘ࡡ , yottsumé (no) ᄿࡗ┘ࡡ fowl n kakin ᐓ⚲࣬࠾ࡀࢆ fox n kitsune ࡀࡗࡠ࣬࢞ࢵࢾ࣬≬ fraction n 1. ichibu ୌ㒂 2. (mathematics) bunsü ฦᩐ fragile adj koware-yasúi ቪࡿࡷࡌ ࠷࣬ࡆࢂࡿࡷࡌ࠷ fragrance n kaori 㤮ࡽ࣬࠾࠽ࡽ fragrant adj kaorimásu 㤮ࡽࡱ ࡌ࣬࠾࠽ࡽࡱࡌ frail adj morói ࡵࢀ࠷࣬⬜࠷; yowái ᘽ࠷࣬ࡻࢂ࠷ frame n wakú ᯗ, fuchí ࡨࡔ࣬⦍, kamachí ࠾ࡱࡔ࣬᱃; (of picture) gaku-buchi 㢘⦍; (of glasses) mégane no fuchí ╉㙶ࡡ⦍࣒࣬ ࢝ࢾࡡࡨࡔ framework n kumi-tate ⤄ࡲ❟࡙࣬ ࡂࡲࡒ࡙, honegumi 㦭⤄ࡲ,



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furëmu wåku ࣆ࣭࣑࣭ࣝ࣠ࢠ France n Furansu ࣆࣚࣤࢪ frank adj sotchoku (na) ⋙├࡝ , assárishita … ࠵ࡖࡈࡽࡊࡒ…; (unreserved) enryo ga/no nái 㐪៎࠿ࡡ࡝࠷, enryo shinai 㐪 ៎ࡊ࡝࠷࣬࠻ࢆࡽࡺࡊ࡝࠷ frankly adv sotchoku ni ⋙├ ࡞, assári (to) ࠵ࡖࡈࡽ࡛ ;



(unreservedly) enryo shináide 㐪 ៎ࡊ࡝࠷࡚; zubari ࡍࡣࡽ frantically adv chi-mánako ni nátte ⾉╉࡞࡝ࡖ࡙࣬ࡔࡱ࡝ࡆ࡞࡝ࡖ࡙ fraud n sági ノḥ࣬ࢦ࢟, inchiki ࠷ࢆࡔࡀ freak n hen-jin ንெ freckle n sobakasu ࡐࡣ࠾ࡌ free adj (gratis) táda (no) ࡒࡓ ࡡ ; (no fee/ charge) muryø´ (no) ↋ᩩࡡ ; (unrestrained) jiyü (na) ⮤⏜࣬ࡋࡹ࠹࡝ ; (unoccupied) hima (na) ᬜ࣬ ࡥࡱ࡝ ; sets ~ (releases) hanashimásu ᨲࡊࡱࡌ࣬ࡢ࡝ࡊ ࡱࡌ → liberate; free-of-charge, FOC adj muryø no ↋ᩩࡡ; free parking muryø-chüshajø ↋ᩩ㥌㌬ሔ freedom n jiyü´ ⮤⏜࣬ࡋࡹ࠹ freelance, freelancing n (work) jiyü´-gyø´ ⮤⏜ᴏ freeze v (it ~s) kø´rimásu ෼ࡽࡱ ࡌ࣬ࡆ࠽ࡽࡱࡌ; (~s it) kø´rasemásu ෼ࡼࡎࡱࡌ࣬ࡆ࠽ࡼࡎࡱ ࡌ, reitø shimásu ෫෼ࡊࡱࡌ; Freeze! Ugokuna! ິࡂ࡝㸖 freezer n reitøko ෫෼ᗔ French n (language) Furansu-go



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frequently



ࣆࣚࣤࢪㄊ; (person) Furansújin ࣆࣚࣤࢪெ frequently → often fresh adj atarashíi ᩺ࡊ࠷࣬࠵ࡒ ࡼࡊ࠷, shinsen (na) ᩺㩥࣬ࡊࢆ ࡎࢆ࡝ ; ~ from … …-tate (no) …ࡒ࡙ࡡ , …-ágari (no) …୕ ࠿ࡽ࣬…࠵࠿ࡽࡡ freshman n 1. (first year grade) ichinén-sei ୌᖳ⏍ 2. (new student) shinnyu-sei ᩺ථ⏍ friction n masatsu ᦮᧷࣬ࡱࡈࡗ Friday n Kin’yøbi 㔘᭑᪝; Friday prayers n kinyø-reihai 㔘᭑♡ᣇ friend n (o-)tomodachi ࠽ ཪ㐡 ࣬࠽ ࡛ࡵࡓࡔ; furendo ࣆࣝࣤ ࢺ; tómó ཪ࡛࣬ࡵ; yüjin ཪெ, (pal) (o-)nakama ࠽ ௯㛣; aibø ┞Ფ࣬࠵࠷࡯࠹; best friend n ichiban no shinyü ୌ␊ࡡのཪ; muni no tomodachi ↋஦ࡡཪ㐡 friendly adj yükø-teki (na) ཪይ Ⓩ࡝ friendship n (keeping company) (o-)tsukíai ࠽ ௛ࡀྙ࠷࣬࠽ ࡗࡀ࠵࠷ frightened → afraid frightful adj kowái ᛟ࠷࣬ࡆࢂ࠷ frizzy adj chijireta ⦨ࡿࡒ࣬ࡔࡕ ࡿࡒ; ~ hair chijireta kami(no ke) ⦨ࡿࡒ>ࡔࡕࡿࡒ@㧝ࡡẗ frock n doresu ࢺࣝࢪ frog n kaeru ࠾࠻ࡾ࣬⺮࢙࣬࢜ࣜ from prep … kara …࠾ࡼ; ~ now on kore kara ࡆࡿ࠾ࡼ, kongo ௑ᚃ࣬ࡆࢆࡇ; ~ … to … …kara …máde …࠾ࡼ…ࡱ࡚



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front 1. n máe ๑࣬ࡱ࠻, (ahead) saki ඙࣬ࡈࡀ; zenpø´ ๑᪁; (side) omoté ⾪࣬࠽ࡵ࡙ 2. adj (surface) shø´mén (no) ḿ㟻ࡡ , zenmen (no) ๑㟻ࡡ ; front gate/ entrance n seimon ḿ㛓, omotemon ⾪㛓; front desk n furonto ࣆ ࣞࣤࢹ frontier n (international border) kokkyø ᅗሾ frost n shimó 㟎࣬ࡊࡵ frostbite n tøshø ෼ഭ, shimo-yake 㟎↕ࡄ࣬ࡊࡵࡷࡄ frown v 1. nigái/shibui kao o shimásu ⱖ࠷Ῠ࠷㢞>࡞࠿࠷ ࡊࡩ࠷࠾࠽@ࢅࡊࡱࡌ, kao o shikamemásu 㢞ࢅࡊ࠾ࡴࡱࡌ 2. n jümen Ῠ㟻, shibui kaoῨ࠷㟻 frozen; is ~ kø´tte imásu ෼ࡖ࡙࠷ ࡱࡌ࣬ࡆ࠽ࡖ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ; frozen food n reitø-shokuhin ෫෼㣏ဗ frugal adj tsumashíi ࡗࡱࡊ࠷, ken’yaku (na) ೛⣑࡝ , shísso (na) ㈹⣪࣬ࡊࡖࡐ࡝ fruit n kudámono ࡂࡓࡵࡡ࣬ᯕ ∸; kí-no mi ᮄࡡᐁ࣬ࡀࡡࡲ, mi ᐁ࣐࣬; fruit juice n kajü ᯕỊ, furütsu jüsu ࣆ࣭ࣜࢵࢩ࣭ࣖࢪ; fruit market/shop n kudamónó-ya ࡂ ࡓࡵࡡᒁ࣬ᯕ∸ᒁ fruitful adj minori no øi ᐁࡽࡡኣ ࠷, yüeki (na) ᭯─࡝ frustrate v yaburimásu ◒ࡽࡱࡌ࣬ ࡷࡩࡽࡱࡌ, zasetsu sasemásu ᣰ ᢙࡈࡎࡱࡌ࣬ࡉࡎࡗࡈࡎࡱࡌ; (a plan) kujikimásu ࡂࡋࡀࡱࡌ࣬ ᣰࡀࡱࡌ



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furry



frustrated; gets ~ yaburemásu ◒ ࡿࡱࡌ࣬ࡷࡩࡿࡱࡌ, zasetsu shimásu ᣰᢙࡊࡱࡌ࣬ࡉࡎࡗࡊ ࡱࡌ; (a plan) kujikemásu ࡂࡋ ࡄࡱࡌ࣬ᣰࡄࡱࡌ frustration n zasetsu ᣰᢙ࣬ࡉࡎࡗ; (feeling of ~) zasetsú-kan ᣰᢙវ ࣬ࡉࡎࡗ࠾ࢆ fry v agemásu ᥥࡅࡱࡌ࣬࠵ࡅࡱ ࡌ; (pan fries, sautés) itamemásu ⅏ࡴࡱࡌ࣬࠷ࡒࡴࡱࡌ ftp n (file transfer protocol) efutii-pii, ftp ࢙ࣆ࣬ࢷ࢔࣭࣬ࣅ࣭ fuel n nenryø´ ⇖ᩩ; (firewood) taki-gi ࡒࡀࡁ࣬ⷼ; (gasoline) gasorin ࢝ࢮࣛࣤ; fuel tank n nenryø´-tanku ⇖ᩩࢰࣤࢠ fugitive n tøbø-sha ㏠ஷ⩽ Fujiyama n Fúji (-san) ᐣኃᒜ fulfill v konashimásu ࡆ࡝ࡊࡱࡌ → accomplish full adj ippai (no) ࠷ࡖࡤ࠷>ୌ᮴@ ࡡ ; (of people) man’in (no) ‫‮‬ ဤࡡ ; gets ~ michimásu ‫ࡱࡔ‮‬ ࡌ࣬ࡲࡔࡱࡌ; full coverage insurance n zengaku-hoken ධ㢘ಕ㝜; full moon n mangetsu ‫‮‬᭮; full name n furu nëmu ࣆࣜࢾ࣭࣑, shimei Ắྞ; full stop n (period) shüshí-fu ⤂Ḿ➚, piriodo ࣅ࢛ࣛࢺ fully adv tappúri ࡒࡖࡪࡽ; mán(-) … ‫ …‮‬maru(-) … ࡱࡾ… fun n omoshirói (kotó) ࠽ࡵࡊࢀ ࠷>㟻Ⓣ࠷@ࡆ࡛; asobi 㐗ࡦ࣬ ࠵ࡐࡦ function n 1. (o-)yakume ࠽ ᙲ┘; hataraki ഼ࡀ࣬ࡢࡒࡼࡀ kinø



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ᶭ⬗ 2. (mathematics) kansü 㛭 ᩐ; (function as…) …to shite kinø shimásu …࡛ࡊ࡙ᶭ⬗ ࡊࡱࡌ fund n shikín ㈠㔘, (capital) shihon ㈠ᮇ fundamentally adv konpon-teki (ni) ᰷ᮇⓏ࡞ , kihon-teki (ni) ᇱᮇ Ⓩ࡞ funeral n (o-)sø´shiki ࠽ ⴷᘟ࣬ ࡐ࠹ࡊࡀ; funeral home n (o-) sø´shiki-jø ࠽ ⴷᘟሔ, sø´gi-jø ࠽ ⴷൢሔ funfair n yüen-chi 㐗ᅧᆀ fun-loving adj omoshiroi-koto zuki (no) 㟻Ⓣ࠷ࡆ࡛ይࡀࡡ , tanoshii-koto ga suki (na) ᴞࡊ ࠷ࡆ࡛࠿ይࡀ࡝ funnel n jø´go ࡋࡺ࠹ࡇ, [BOOKISH] rø´to ࢀ࠹࡛࣬⁻ᩧ funny adj okashíi ࠽࠾ࡊ࠷, okáshi na ࠽࠾ࡊ࡝; (comical) kokkei (na) ࡆࡖࡄ࠷࣬⁝✅࡝ , hyøkín (na) ࡥࡺ࠹ࡀࢆ࡝ , (droll) yúkai (na) ញᛄ࣬ࡹ࠾ ࠷࡝ , (strange) hén (na) ን࣬ ࡫ࢆ࡝ fur n ke-gawa ẗ⓮ furious adj gekido-shita ⃥ᛛࡊࡒ furnace n ro ⅌; kamado ࠾ࡱ࡜; danbø´ (sø´chi) ᬦᡛ⿞⨠ furnish v (provides) sonaemásu ങ ࠻ࡱࡌ࣬ࡐ࡝࠻ࡱࡌ furniture n kágu ᐓර; furniture store n kagú-ya ᐓරᒁ furry adj kegawa no yø (na) ẗ⓮ ࡡࡻ࠹࡝



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further



further 1. adv (more) mótto saki (な), munashii 空しい・虚しい・ (ni) もっと先(に), (elsewhere) むなしい hoka no basho (de) 他の場所(で) futon n futon ふとん・布団 2. (advances it) v mótto susufuture n shø´rai 将来, mírai 未来・ memásu 進めます・すすめます みらい, (o-)saki (お)先・(お)さ fuse n hyü´zu ヒューズ き; zénto 前途, sue 末; in the near fuss n (ø´-)sáwagi (大)騒ぎ・ future chikái uchí (ni) 近いうち・ (お)さわぎ ちかいうち(に) futile adj muda (na) 無駄・むだ



G gabble v pechakucha shaberimásu ぺちゃくちゃ[ペチャクチャ]喋 ります[しゃべります] gaffe n bu-sáhø 無作法・不作法・ ぶさほう gaiety n o-matsuri sawagi お祭り 騒ぎ gain 1. n (o-)toku (お)得・とく, (income) shotoku (お)所得 2. v → get gait n aruki-kata 歩き方 gale n bøfú 暴風 gall bladder n (medical) tannø 胆嚢 ・胆のう gallery n gyararii ギャラリー, garø 画廊 gallop 1. n gyaroppu ギャロッ プ 2. v kakemásu 駆けます・ かけます gambling n kaké(-goto) 賭け事, tobaku とばく・賭博, bakuchi ばくち・博奕 game n 1. asobi 遊び・あそび, gë´mu ゲーム; card ~ toranpu ト



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ランプ 2. (athletic) kyøgi 競技 gang n renchü/renjü 連中, nakama 仲間 gap n suki-ma すき間・隙間, suki すき・隙; ware-me 割れ目・わ れめ, kire-mé 切れ目・きれめ; zuré ずれ, gyáppu ギャップ garage n gárë´ji ガレージ, sháko 車庫 garbage n gomí ごみ・ゴミ, (kitchen waste) nama-gomi 生ご み; garbage collector n gomí-ya (san) ごみ屋(さん) garden n niwa 庭・にわ gardener n ueki-ya 植木屋, niwashi 庭師・にわし gargle v ugai shimásu うがい します garlic n ninniku にんにく・ニン ニク･大蒜, gërikku ガーリック garnishings n (to go with sashimi) tsumá つま・ツマ, tsukeawase つけ合わせ garter n gå´tå ガーター



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gentleman



gas n 1. (natural) gásu ࢝ࢪ 2. (a gas, vapor) kitai Ẵమ 3. (gasoline) gasorin ࢝ࢮࣛࣤ; gas bill n gasú-dai ࢝ࢪ௥; gas meter n gasumëtë ࢝ࢪ࣒࣭ࢰ࣭ gasp v aegimásu ࠵࠻ࡁ>ႉࡁ@ ࡱࡌ gate n món 㛓࣬ࡵࢆ, (gateway) deiriguchi ฝථࡽཾ; (of shrine) torii 㫵ᑽ; (front) omote-mon ⾪ 㛓, (back) uramon ⿤㛓, (main [front]) seimon ḿ㛓; (at airport terminal) gë´to ࢣ࣭ࢹ gatekeeper n mónban 㛓␊ gather 1. v (they ~) atsumarimásu 㞗ࡱࡽࡱࡌ࣬࠵ࡗࡱࡽࡱࡌ, (to make a set) soroimásu ᥖ࠷ࡱࡌ ࣬ࡐࢀ࠷ࡱࡌ, (congregate) shügø shimásu 㞗ྙࡊࡱࡌ; (~s them) atsumemásu 㞗ࡴࡱࡌ࣬࠵ࡗࡴ ࡱࡌ, yosemásu ᐞࡎࡱࡌ࣬ࡻࡎ ࡱࡌ 2. v (plucks, clips) tsumimásu ᦤࡲࡱࡌ࣬ࡗࡲࡱࡌ 3. n (pleat) hida ࡥࡓ, gyazå࢟ࣔ ࢧ࣭ gathering n shügø 㞗ྙ; gathering place n tamari-ba ࡒࡱࡽሔ gaudy adj hadé (na) ࡢ࡚࣬Ὤᡥ࡝ gauze n gå´ze ࣭࢝ࢭ gave → give gaze v mi-tsumemásu ずࡗࡴࡱ ࡌ࣬ࡲࡗࡴࡱࡌ, nagamemásu ╈ ࡴࡱࡌ࣬࡝࠿ࡴࡱࡌ gay adj 1. akarui ᪺ࡾ࠷࣬࠵࠾ࡾ ࠷, yúkai (na) ញᛄ࣬ࡹ࠾࠷࡝ 2. (homosexual) hómo (no) ࣓࣌ ࡡ , gei (no) ࢣ࢕ࡡ



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gear n gí(y)a ࢟࢓>࢟ࣕ@, hagúruma ṉ㌬࣬ࡢࡃࡾࡱ; gear box n gí(y)a bokkusu ࢟࢓>࢟ࣕ@࣍ࢴ ࢠࢪ, hensoku-søchi ን㏷⿞⨠ Gee! interj wå! ࢂ࠵㸖, å! ࠵࠵㸖, sugoi! ࡌࡇ࠷㸖 geisha n geisha ⰹ⩽ gel n geru ࢣࣜ, jeru ࢩ࢘ࣜ gem n høseki ᐀▴; gem dealer n høsekí-shø ᐀▴ၛ gender n séi ᛮ gene n idenshi 㐿ఎᏄ general 1. adj (over all) ippan (no) ୌ⯙ࡡ ; (common) kyøtsü (no) භ㏳ࡡ 2. n (army) táishø ኬᑑ; in general daitai ኬమ࣬ࡓ࠷ࡒ࠷, taigai ኬᴣ࣬ࡒ࠷࠿࠷, ippan ni ୌ⯙࡞, futsü ᬉ㏳ (= generally); the general public taishü ኬ⾏ generally adv ippanteki ni ୌ⯙Ⓩ࡞, zentai ni ධమ࡞; daitai ኬమ࣬ࡓ ࠷ࡒ࠷, taigai ኬᴣ࣬ࡒ࠷࠿࠷ generation n sedai ୠ௥, døjidai ྜྷ ᫤௥; generations after generations, for generations dáidai ௥ࠍ generator n hatsudén-ki Ⓠ㞹ᶭ generous adj kimae ga íi Ẵ๑࠿࠷ ࠷, kandai (na) ᐰኬ࣬࠾ࢆࡓ࠷ ࡝ genius n tensai ኮᡧ gentle adj yasashii ඁࡊ࠷࣬ࡷࡈ ࡊ࠷, (well-behaved) otonashíi ࠽࡛࡝ࡊ࠷, (docile) súnao (na) ࡌ࡝࠽>⣪├@࡝ ; (calm) odáyaka (na) ✔ࡷ࠾࣬࠽ࡓࡷ࠾࡝ gentleman n dánsei ⏠ᛮ, shínshi ⣸ኃ࣬ࡊࢆࡊ; (middle-aged



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gently



man) ojisan ࠽ࡋࡈࢆ, (old man) ojíisan ࠽ࡋ࠷ࡈࢆ gently adv yasashiku ඁࡊࡂ࣬ࡷ ࡈࡊࡂ, otonáshiku ࠽࡛࡝ࡊࡂ gents’ n dansei-yø toire ⏠ᛮ⏕ࢹ ࢕ࣝ genuine adj hontø (no) ᮇᙔ࣬࡮ ࢆ࡛࠹ࡡ , honmono (no) ᮇ ∸࣬࡮ࢆࡵࡡࡡ , makoto (no) ┷࣬ࡱࡆ࡛ࡡ geographical adj chiri-teki (na) ᆀ⌦Ⓩ࡝ , chiri-jø (no) ᆀ⌦୕ ࡡ geography n chíri ᆀ⌦; (study/ science) chirí-gaku ᆀ⌦Ꮥ geology n (of a place) chishitsu ᆀ㈹; (study/science) chishitsúgaku ᆀ㈹Ꮥ germ n saikin ⣵Ⳟ, baikin ࡣ࠷Ⳟ ࣬ࣁ࢕࢞ࣤ Germany n Dóitsu ࢺ࢕ࢵ gesture n miburi ㌗ᣲࡽ࣬ࡲࡩࡽ; jesuchå ࢩ࢘ࢪࢲ࣭ࣔ, (hand gesture) temane ᡥࡱࡠ, (motion) døsa ິష get v (receives) moraimásu ࡵࡼ ࠷ࡱࡌ࣬㈌࠷ࡱࡌ; get (someone) to do it v ① (hito ni) shite moraimásu ெ࡞ ࡊ࡙ࡵࡼ࠷ࡱࡌ ② [BOOKISH] emásu ᚋࡱࡌ࣬࠻ࡱ ࡌ; get caught (in) between v hasamarimásu ᣫࡱࡽࡱࡌ࣬ࡢࡈࡱ ࡽࡱࡌ; get down v (descends) orimásu 㜾ࡽࡱࡌ࣬࠽ࡽࡱࡌ; (crouches) mi o fusemásu ㌗ ࢅఄࡎࡱࡌ; get in v (enters) hairimásu ථࡽࡱࡌ࣬ࡢ࠷ࡽࡱ



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ࡌ; (puts it in) iremásu ථࡿࡱ ࡌ࣬࠷ࡿࡱࡌ; get into v (a vehicle) (… ni) norimásu …࡞ ஋ࡽࡱࡌ࣬ࡡࡽࡱࡌ; get off v (gets down) orimásu 㜾ࡽࡱࡌ࣬ ࠽ࡽࡱࡌ; get out v (leaves) demásu ฝࡱࡌ࡚࣬ࡱࡌ; (gets it out) dashimásu ฝࡊࡱࡌ; get out of the way v dokimásu ࡜ࡀࡱࡌ, nokimásu ࡡ>㏝@ࡀࡱࡌ; get to be → become Getting off! interj Orimásu! 㜾ࡽ ࡱࡌ㸖 geyser n kankessen 㛣Ḗἠ, kanketsu-onsen 㛣ḖῺἠ Ghana n Gëna ࣭࢝ࢻ ghastly adj sugói ࡌࡇ࠷࣬෴࠷; adv sugóku warúi ࡌࡇࡂ>෴ࡂ@ ᝇ࠷>ࢂࡾ࠷@ ghetto n gettø ࢣࢴࢹ࣭ ghost n yü´rei ᖻ㟃࣬ࡹ࠹ࡿ࠷, gøsuto ࢥ࣭ࢪࢹ; (goblin) obáke ࠽໩ࡄ࢛࣬ࣁࢢ, bake-mónó ໩ ࡄ∸࣬ࡣࡄࡵࡡ giant n kyojin ᕠெ, øótoko ኬ⏠ gibberish n chinpunkanpun no/na hanashi ࡔࢆࡪࢆ࠾ࢆࡪࢆࡡ࡝ ヨ; detarame ࡚ࡒࡼࡴ gift n purezento ࣈࣝࢭࣤࢹ gifuto ࢟ࣆࢹ → present; gift shop n miyagemono-ya ࡲࡷࡅ>ᅰ ⏐@∸ᒁ gigabyte, GB n (computer) gigabaito ࢟࢝࣬ࣁ࢕ࢹ gigantic adj 1. (vast amounts of) bødai (na) ⭶ኬ࣬࡯࠹ࡓ࠷࡝ 2. kyodai (na) ᕠኬ࡝



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globe



gill n era ࢙ࣚ࣬࠻ࡼ gilt n kinpaku 㔘ࡤࡂ࣬㔘⟡, kinmekki 㔘࣒ࢴ࢞ gimmick n gimikku ࣐࢟ࢴࢠ, shikake ௘᤻ࡄ gin n jin ࢩࣤ ginger n shøga ࡊࡺ࠹࠿࣬ࢨࣘࢗ ࢝࣬⏍ጢ; pickled ginger n sushø´ga 㓉ࡊࡺ࠹࠿, gári ࠿ࡽ࣬࢝ࣛ gingko n (tree) ichø ࠷ࡔࡺ࠹࣬࢕ ࢲࣘࢗ࣬㖗ᮝ; gingko nuts n ginnán ࡁࢆ࡝ࢆ࣬࢟ࣤࢻࣤ࣬㖗ᮝ giraffe n kirin ࢞ࣛࣤ girder n keta ࡄࡒ࣬ࢢࢰ࣬᰾; under the ~ keta-shita ࡄࡒୖ࣬ ᰾ୖ girl n musume(-san) ፃࡈࢆ ; onná-no-ko ዥࡡᏄ; jóshi ዥᏄ giro system n furikae-seido ᣲ᭨ โᗐ girth n shüi ࿔ᅑ gist n muné ᪠; yø こ, yø´shi こ ᪠, shushi ୹᪠, yøten こⅤ, yøryø´ こ㡷, kosshi 㦭Ꮔ give v 1. (they to you/me, you to me) kuremásu ࡂࡿࡱࡌ, kudasaimásu ୖࡈ࠷ࡱࡌ࣬ࡂࡓࡈ࠷ࡱࡌ 2. (I to you/them, you to them, they to them) agemásu ࠵ࡅࡱࡌ, yarimásu ࡷࡽࡱࡌ 3. (provides) ataemásu ୙࠻ࡱࡌ࣬࠵ࡒ࠻ࡱࡌ, motasemásu ᣚࡒࡎࡱࡌ࣬ࡵࡒ ࡎࡱࡌ; ~ mercifully (in charity) megumimásu ᜠࡲࡱࡌ 4. (en-



trusts temporarily) azukemásu 㡰ࡄࡱࡌ࣬࠵ࡍࡄࡱࡌ; give birth to … v o umimásu …ࢅ⏍ࡲ>



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⏐ࡲ@ࡱࡌ; give in/up v (cedes, concedes) yuzurimásu ㆙ࡽࡱ ࡌ࣬ࡹࡍࡽࡱࡌ; give up (on) … v o akiramemásu …ࢅㅁࡴࡱࡌ glacial adj hyøga-ki (no) ểἑ>ࣃ ࣘࢗ࢝@᭿ࡡ ; glacial age n hyøga-ki ểἑ>ࣃࣘࢗ࢝@᭿ glacier n hyøga ểἑ࣬ࣃࣘࢗ࢝ glad adj ureshíi ࠹ࡿࡊ࠷࣬Ꭺࡊ࠷; is ~ yorokobimásu ႌࡦࡱࡌ࣬ࡻ ࢀࡆࡦࡱࡌ; glad to … v yorokonde ... o shimásu ႌࢆ࡚...ࢅࡊࡱࡌ glamor n guramë ࢡ࣏࣭ࣚ glamorous adj miryoku-teki (na) 㨡ງⓏ࡝ , miwaku-teki (na) 㨡 ᝠⓏ࡝ gland n sen ⭚࣬ࡎࢆ glare v … o niramimásu …ࢅ࡞ࡼ ࡲ>╦ࡲ@ࡱࡌ glass n (the substance) garasu ࢝ ࣚࢪ; (the container) koppu ࢤࢴ ࣈ, gúrasu ࢡࣚࢪ glass, glassful …-hai …᮴ glasses n mégane ࡴ࠿ࡠ࣒࣬࢝ࢾ ࣬╉㙶 glazier n garasu-ya ࢝ࣚࢪᒁ gleam, glitter v kagayakimásu ㍜ࡀ ࡱࡌ࣬࠾࠿ࡷࡀࡱࡌ; glittering adj pikápika/kirakira kagayaku ࡧ࠾ ࡧ࠾࣬ࣅ࢜ࣅ࢜ࡀࡼࡀࡼ࣬࢞ ࣚ࢞ࣚ㍜ࡂ glen n tani-ma ㆺ㛣 glider n guraidë ࢡࣚ࢕ࢱ࣭ glimmer n (light) kasuka na hikari ࠾ࡌ࠾࡝ක࣬᚜࠾࡝ක globe n (shape) tamá ⌣; (map) chikyü´-gi ᆀ⌣ൢ



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gloom



gloom n (depression) yüutsu ៟࠹ ࡗ>㨒@࣬ࡹ࠹࠹ࡗ gloomy adj uttøshíi ࠹ࡖ࡛࠹ࡊ࠷, kurai ᬧ࠷࣬ࡂࡼ࠷, yüutsu (na) ៟࠹ࡗ>㨒@࣬ࡹ࠹࠹ࡗ࡝ , inki (na) 㝔Ẵ࡝ glorious adj hanáyaka (na) ⳱ࡷ࠾ ࣬ࡢ࡝ࡷ࠾࡝ glory n méiyo ྞ・ gloss n 1. (shine) tsuya ࡗࡷ࣬ࢵࣕ ࣬Ⰷ 2. (lipstick) gurosu ࢡࣞࢪ glove n tebúkuro ᡥ⾼࡙࣬ࡩࡂࢀ; gúrabu ࢡࣚࣇ, gúrøbu ࢡ࣭ࣞࣇ glow 1. v hikarimásu කࡽࡱࡌ࣬ ࡥ࠾ࡽࡱࡌ 2. n (shine) kagayaki ㍜ࡀ, (~ of sunset) yüyake ኟ↕ࡄ glue 1. n setchakuzai ᥃╌๠, nori ࡡࡽ࣬ࢿࣛ, nikawa ࡞࠾ࢂ࣬ࢼ ࢜࣠࣬⭲ 2. v (~s it) setchakuzai de tsukemásu ᥃╌๠࡚௛ࡄࡱࡌ >ࡗࡄࡱࡌ@, tsugimásu ᥃ࡁࡱࡌ glut n kajø 㐛๨ glutton n kúi-shínbø 㣏࠷ࡊࢆᆎ࣬ ࡂ࠷ࡊࢆ࡯࠹, taishoku-ka ኬ㣏ᐓ gluttony n øgui ኬ㣏࠷ gnarl n fushí ⟿ gnaw v kajirimásu ࠾ࡋࡽࡱࡌ࣬ 㱆ࡽࡱࡌ go v ikimásu ⾔ࡀࡱࡌ; go against … v ni somukimásu …࡞⫴ࡀࡱ ࡌ; …ni han-shimásu …࡞ཬࡊ ࡱࡌ; go around v (a curve) magarimásu ᭜࠿ࡽࡱࡌ࣬ࡱ࠿ࡽࡱࡌ; (revolves) mawarimásu ᅂࡽࡱࡌ ࣬ࡱࢂࡽࡱࡌ; go back v modorimásu ᡘࡽࡱࡌ࣬ࡵ࡜ࡽࡱࡌ,



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kaerimásu ᖉࡽࡱࡌ࣬࠾࠻ࡽࡱ ࡌ; go back v (in time) to … ni sakanoborimásu … ࡞ࡈ࠾ࡡ࡯ ࡽࡱࡌ࣬㐫ࡽࡱࡌ; go back and forth v ittari kitari shimásu ⾔ࡖࡒࡽ ᮮࡒࡽࡊࡱࡌ kayoimásu ㏳࠷ ࡱࡌ࣬࠾ࡻ࠷ࡱࡌ; go down v orimásu ୖࡽࡱࡌ࣬࠽ࡽࡱࡌ; kudarimásu ୖࡽࡱࡌ࣬ࡂࡓࡽ ࡱࡌ; sagarimásu ୖ࠿ࡽࡱࡌ࣬ ࡈ࠿ࡽࡱࡌ; (on the price) makemásu ㇿࡄࡱࡌ࣬ࡱࡄࡱࡌ; (dwindles) herimásu ΅ࡽࡱࡌ࣬ ࡫ࡽࡱࡌ; go forward v susumimásu 㐅ࡲࡱࡌ࣬ࡌࡌࡲࡱࡌ; go home v kaerimásu ᖉࡽࡱࡌ࣬࠾ ࠻ࡽࡱࡌ; go in v hairimásu ථࡽ ࡱࡌ࣬ࡢ࠷ࡽࡱࡌ, háitte ikimásu ථࡖ࡙⾔ࡀࡱࡌ࣬ࡢ࠷ࡖ࡙࠷ ࡀࡱࡌ; go out v demásu ฝࡱ ࡌ࡚࣬ࡱࡌ, déte ikimásu ฝ࡙⾔ ࡀࡱࡌ࡚࡙࣬࠷ࡀࡱࡌ; (of the house) dekakemásu ฝ࠾ࡄ>᤻ ࡄ@ࡱࡌ࡚࣬࠾ࡄࡱࡌ, gaishutsu shimásu አฝࡊࡱࡌ; (appears) arawaremásu ⌟ࡿࡱࡌ࣬࠵ ࡼࢂࡿࡱࡌ; (lights, fire, etc.) kiemásu ᾐ࠻ࡱࡌ࣬ࡀ࠻ࡱࡌ; go over v (exceeds) sugimásu 㐛ࡁ ࡱࡌ࣬ࡌࡁࡱࡌ, chøka shimásu ㉰㐛ࡊࡱࡌ; koshimásu ㉰>㉲@ࡊ ࡱࡌ; (revises) fukushü shimásu ᚗ⩞ࡊࡱࡌ; go to v (reaches) itarimásu ⮫ࡽࡱࡌ࣬࠷ࡒࡽࡱ ࡌ; go to bed v yasumimásu ఆ ࡲࡱࡌ࣬ࡷࡌࡲࡱࡌ, nemásu ᐱࡱࡌ࣬ࡠࡱࡌ; go too far v (to



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good-hearted



excess) do o koshimásu ᗐࢅ㉰ ࡊࡱࡌ࣬ᗐࢅࡆࡊࡱࡌ; go too fast v (clock) susumimásu 㐅ࡲࡱ ࡌ࣬ࡌࡌࡲࡱࡌ; go to the end of v (a street) tsuki-atarimásu ✲ࡀ ᙔࡒࡽࡱࡌ࣬ࡗࡀ࠵ࡒࡽࡱࡌ; go to work v (start work) shigoto ni ikimásu ௘஥࡞⾔ࡀࡱࡌ, shürø shimásu ᑯຘࡊࡱࡌ; go up v agarimásu ୕࠿ࡽࡱࡌ࣬࠵࠿ࡽ ࡱࡌ, noborimásu ୕ࡽࡱࡌ࣬ࡡ ࡯ࡽࡱࡌ Go n (board game) gó ◳࣬ࡇ, ígo ᅑ◳࣬࠷ࡇ goal n mokuteki ┘Ⓩ, ate ᙔ࡙; (destination) mokutekí-chi ┘Ⓩ ᆀ; (sports) gø´ru ࢥ࣭ࣜ goalkeeper n gøru kiipå ࢥ࣭ࣜ࢞ ࣭ࣂ࣭ goat n yági ࡷࡁ࣬ࣕ࢟࣬ᒜ⨲ goblin n (long-nosed) tengu ኮ≰࣬ ࡙ࢆࡃ࣬ࢷࣤࢡ God, gods n kámi(-sama) ♼ᵕ ࣬࠾ࡲࡈࡱ godchild n nazuke-go ྞ௛ࡄᏄ goddaughter n nazuke-musume ྞ ௛ࡄፃ࣬࡝ࡘࡄࡳࡌࡴ goddess n megami ዥ♼ godfather n nazuke-oya ྞ௛ࡄの࣬ ࡝ࡘࡄの godmother n nazuke-oya ྞ௛ࡄの ࣬࡝ࡘࡄの godown n (storeroom) kurá ⶮ࣬ ಲ࣬ࡂࡼ godson n nazuke-go ྞ௛ࡄᏄ࣬ ࡝ࡘࡄᏄ, nazuke-musuko ྞ௛ ࡄ᜝Ꮔ࣬࡝ࡘࡄࡳࡌࡆ



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goggle n gøguru ࢥ࣭ࢡࣜ gold n kín 㔘, gørudo ࢥ࣭ࣜࢺ golden adj (color) kin-iro (no) 㔘 Ⰵࡡ goldfish n kíngyo 㔘㨮࣬࢞ࣤ࢟ࣘ goldsmith n kin-zaiku shokunin 㔘 ⣵ᕝ⫃ெ golf n górufu ࢥࣜࣆ; golf ball n gorufu-børu ࢥࣜࣆ࣭࣍ࣜ gondola n gondora ࢥࣤࢺࣚ gong n gongu ࢥࣤࢡ, dora ࡜ࡼ gone → go; v is ~ itte imásu ⾔ ࡖ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ gonorrhea n rinbyø ࡽࢆ⑋࣬ᾷ⑋ good adj íi ࠷࠷࣬Ⰳ࠷࣬ይ࠷࣬ၻ ࠷, yói Ⰳ࠷࣬ይ࠷࣬ၻ࠷࣬ࡻ࠷; good at (… ga) umái …࠿ ࠹ࡱ ࠷, jøzú (na) ࡋࡺ࠹ࡍ>୕ᡥ@ ࡝ ; a good deal adv yohodo ࡻ ࡮࡜࣬ఴ⛤, yoppodo ࡻࡖࡰ࡜; unto ࠹ࢆ࡛; takusán (no) ࡒࡂࡈ ࢆ࣬Ἁᒜࡡ ; for the good of … adv no tamé ni …ࡡࡒࡴ>Ⅵ@࡞; Good afternoon. interj konnichi wa. ࡆࢆ࡞ࡔࡢ࣬௑᪝ࡢ.; good-bye interj sayonara ࡈࡻ࡝ࡼ, sayønára ࡈࡻ࠹࡝ࡼ; Good evening. interj konban wa. ࡆࢆࡣࢆࡢ࣬௑ᬄ ࡢ.; Good morning. interj O-hayø (gozaimásu). ࠽ࡢࡻ࠹>࠽᪡࠹@ ࡇࡉ࠷ࡱࡌ.; Good night. interj O-yasumi nasái. ࠽ࡷࡌࡲ>࠽ఆ ࡲ@࡝ࡈ࠷.; no good furyø (no) ୘Ⰳࡡ good-hearted adj shinsetsu (na) の ว࣬ࡊࢆࡎࡗ࡝ , omoiyari no aru ᛦ࠷ࡷࡽࡡ࠵ࡾ, yasashii



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good heavens/grief



ඁࡊ࠷࣬ࡷࡈࡊ࠷ good heavens/grief interj shimatta ࡊࡱࡖࡒ, oya-må ࠽ࡷࡱ࠵, (feminine) må ࡱ࠵ good-natured adj kidate no yoi Ẵ ❟࡙ࡡⰃ࠷࣬ࡀࡓ࡙ࡡࡻ࠷ goodness n zén ၻ goods n shina(mono) ဗ∸ ; (merchandise) shøhin ၛဗ goodwill n kø´i ይណ, kokorozashi ᚷ࣬ࡆࡆࢀࡉࡊ, shínsetsu のว࣬ ࡊࢆࡎࡗ, zén’i ၻណ goof 1. n (blunder) hema ࡫ࡱ࣬ ࣉ࣏, doji ࡜ࡋ࣬ࢺࢩ, chónbo ࡔࡺࢆ࡯࣬ࢲࣘࣤ࣍ 2. v ~ (up) hema o shimásu ࡫ࡱࢅ ࡊࡱࡌ Google n (Internet search engine) güguru ࢡ࣭ࢡࣜ goose n gachø ࠿ࡔࡺ࠹࣬࢝ࢲࣘ ࢗ࣬㬶㫵 gorgeous adj gøka (na) ㇞⳱࡝ ; rippa (na) ❟Ὤ࣬ࡽࡖࡤ࡝ ; hanáyaka (na) ⳱ࡷ࠾࣬ࡢ࡝ࡷ ࠾࡝ Gosh! interj wå ࢂ࠵ gossip n 1. uwasa ࠹ࢂࡈ࣬ფ; muda-/baka-bánashi ↋㥇ࡣ࠾ ヨ 2. (a ~) osháberi ࠽ࡊࡶ࡬ࡽ gourd n hyøtán ࡥࡺ࠹ࡒࢆ࣬ࣃࣘ ࢗࢰࣤ࣬⎥⟰; sponge gourd n hechima ࡫ࡔࡱ࣬ࣉࢲ࣏࣬⣊⎡ gourmet n, adj gurume (no) ࢡࣜ ࣒ࡡ , shokutsü (no) 㣏㏳ࡡ , bishokuka (no) ⨶㣏ᐓࡡ govern v osamemásu ἖ࡴࡱࡌ࣬ ࠽ࡈࡴࡱࡌ government n séifu ᨳᗋ; (cabinet)



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náikaku හ㛮; (nation) kuni (no) ᅗࡡ , (national) kokuritsu (no) ᅗ❟ࡡ ; (the authorities) tø´kyoku ᙔᑻ, okámi ࠽୕; government official n yakunin ᙲெ; government worker/employee n kømúin පຸဤ governor n chíji ▩஥ gown n gaun ࢝ࢗࣤ



grab → seize graceful adj yü´bi (na) ඁ⨶࡝ grade 1. n (value, quality) tøkyü ➴⣥, (class) kyú ⣥, gakkyu Ꮥ ⣥; (step) dán ṹ; (evaluation score) hyøten ビⅤ, hyø´ka ビ౮; (academic record) seiseki ᠺ⦴ 2. v (to ~ a test paper) saitenshimásu ᤿Ⅴࡊࡱࡌ, seiseki o tsukemásu ᠺ⦴ࢅࡗࡄࡱࡌ grade school n shøgakkø ᑚᏕᰧ; grade school children n shøgaku-sei ᑚᏕ⏍ gradually adv dandan ࡓࢆࡓࢆ, jojo ni ᚆࠍ࡞, sukoshízútsu ᑛ ࡊࡍࡗ࣬ࡌࡆࡊࡍࡗ, sórosoro (to) ࡐࢀࡐࢀ࡛ ; (finally) yøyaku ࡻ࠹ࡷࡂ graduate 1. v sotsugyø shimásu ༛ᴏࡊࡱࡌ; ~ from (daigaku o) demásu ኬᏕࢅ ฝࡱࡌ 2. n sotsugyø´-sei ༛ᴏ⏍; graduate student n daigakuín-sei ኬᏕ㝌⏍ graft 1. n (bribery) wáiro ㈝㈛࣬ ࢂ࠷ࢀ࣬࣠࢕ࣞ, oshoku ỗ⫃ 2. n tsugiki ᥃ࡁᮄ 3. v (attaches) tsugimásu ᥃ࡁࡱࡌ࣬ࡗࡁࡱࡌ grain n 1. tsúbu ⢇ 2. (cereal)



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greedy



kokúmotsu ✈∸, kokúrui ✈㢦 3. (texture) kimé ࡀࡴ࣬ᮄ┘࣬ ⫑⌦ gram n gúramu ࢡ࣑ࣚ grammar n bunpø ᩝἪ, guramå ࢡ࣏࣭ࣚ grand adj subarashíi ࡌࡣࡼࡊ࠷ ࣬⣪ᬍࡼࡊ࠷, erái ೥࠷࣬࠻ࡼ ࠷, sødai (na) ኅኬ࡝ grandchild n magó Ꮨo-mago-san ࠽Ꮨࡈࢆ grandfather n ojíi-san ࠽ࡋ࠷ࡈࢆ ࣬࠽♵∏ࡈࢆ, sófu ♵∏ grandmother n obå´-san ࠽ࡣ࠵ࡈ ࢆ࣬࠽♵ẍࡈࢆ, sóbo ♵ẍ grandson n mago (musuko) Ꮨ᜝Ꮔ granite n kakø´-gan ࠾ࡆ࠹ᒷ࣬ⰴ ᓮᒷ࣬࢜ࢤࢗ࢝ࣤ, mikagé-ishi ࡲ࠾ࡅ▴࣬ᚒᙫ▴࣐࣬࢜ࢣ࢕ࢨ grant 1. n hojokin ⿭ຐ㔘, joseikin ຐᠺ㔘 2. v (~s it) ataemásu ୙ ࠻ࡱࡌ࣬࠵ࡒ࠻ࡱࡌ grapes n budø ࡩ࡜࠹࣬ࣇࢺࢗ࣬ ⴭ⳿ graph n grafu ࢡࣚࣆ grasp v tsukamimásu ࡗ࠾ࡲࡱࡌ ࣬᥏ࡲࡱࡌ; nigirimásu ᥩࡽࡱࡌ grass n kusá ⲙ࣬ࡂࡈ; (lawn) shibafu Ⱒ⏍࣬ࡊࡣࡨ grassland n søgen ⲙཋ࣬ࡐ࠹ࡅࢆ grated v suri-oroshitaࡌࡽ࠽ࢀࡊ ࡒ; grated radish n daikon-óroshi ኬ᰷࠽ࢀࡊ>ୖࢀࡊ@࣬ࢱ࢕ࢤࣤ ࢛ࣞࢨ grateful adj arigatái ࠵ࡽ࠿ࡒ࠷࣬ ᭯ࡽ㞬࠷; I am grateful arigatáku zon-jimásu ࠵ࡽ࠿ࡒࡂᏋࡋࡱࡌ;



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feels grateful/obliged kyøshuku shimásu ᜅ⦨ࡊࡱࡌ grater n oroshí-gane ୖࢀࡊ㔘 gratification n manzoku ‫‮‬㊂ gratis → free gratitude n kansha វㅨ࣬࠾ࢆࡊࡶ gratuity n kokoro-zuke ᚨ௛ࡄ࣬ࡆ ࡆࢀࡘࡄ grave n (tomb) (o-)haka ࠽ ቉࣬ ࠽ ࡢ࠾; graveyard n haka-bá ቉ ሔ, bóchi ቉ᆀ grave adj (serious) omoi 㔔࠷࣬ ࠽ࡵ࠷, shinkoku (na) ῕็࣬ࡊ ࢆࡆࡂ࡝ gravy n taré ࡒࡿ; (o-)sø´su ࠽ ࢮ࣭ࢪ; niku-jü/jíru ⫏Ị gray adj hai-iro (no) ⅂Ⰵࡡ , nezumi-iro (no) ࡠࡍࡲⰅࡡ ; gurë´ no ࢡ࣭ࣝࡡ graze v kasurimásu ࠾ࡌࡽࡱࡌ࣬ ᤾ࡽࡱࡌ; kasumemásu ࠾ࡌࡴࡱ ࡌ࣬᤾ࡴࡱࡌ grease n abura ⬙࣬ἔ࣬࢓ࣇࣚ greasy adj aburakkói ⬙ࡖࡆ࠷࣬ ࠵ࡩࡼࡖࡆ࠷; kudói ࡂ࡜࠷ great adj (superior) idai (na) ೥ኬ ࡝ , erái ೥࠷࣬࠻ࡼ࠷; øki (na) ኬࡀ࡝ ࣬࠽࠽ࡀ࡝, dai- ኬ… → big → good → grand; a great difference taisa ኬᕣ; a great many táisø (na) ࡒ࠷ࡐ࠹࣬ኬᒒ࡝ Great Britain n Eikoku ⱝᅗ, igirisu ࢕࢟ࣛࢪ Greece n Gírisha ࢟ࣛࢨࣔ greedy adj yokubárí (na) ḟᘿࡽ࣬ ࡻࡂࡣࡽ࡝ , kúi-shínbø (na) 㣏 ࠷ࡊࢆᆎ࣬ࡂ࠷ࡊࢆ࡯࠹࡝ ;



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green



yokubarimásu ḟᘿࡽࡱࡌ࣬ࡻࡂ ࢆࡓ➏㢞 2. v (nit-to, niyat-to) ࡣࡽࡱࡌ; a ~ person yokubárí waraimásu ࡞ࡖ࡛࡞ࡷࡖ࡛ ḟᘿࡽ࣬ࡻࡂࡣࡽ green adj 1. mídori (no) ⥫ࡡ , aói 㟯࠷࣬࠵࠽࠷; guríin (no) ࢡ ࣭ࣛࣤࡡ 2. (inexperienced) osanái ᖺ࠷࣬࠽ࡈ࡝࠷ Green Car n (deluxe coach) guriínsha ࢡ࣭ࣛࣤ㌬ green onion n nira ࡞ࡼ࣬ࢼࣚ࣬ 㡖; naga-nagi 㛏ࡠࡁ>ⴼ@࣬ࢻ ࢝ࢾ࢟, négi ࡠࡁ࣬ࢾ࢟࣬ⴼ; (chives, scallion) asátsuki ࠵ࡈ ࡗࡀ࣬࢓ࢦࢵ࢞࣬ὰⴼ greens n náppa ⳧ࡖⴝ࣬ࢻࢴࣂ, ná ⳧࣬ࢻ; (boiled greens served cold with seasoning) o-hitáshi ࠽ ࡥࡒࡊ࢛࣬ࣃࢰࢨ green tea n (o-)cha ࠽ Ⲍ greet v (welcomes, receives) áisatsu (o) shimásu ࠵࠷ࡈࡗ࣬ᣭᣔ ࢅ ࡊࡱࡌ; de-mukaemásu ฝ㎼ ࠻ࡱࡌ greeting n áisatsu ࠵࠷ࡈࡗ࣬ᣭᣔ; réi ♡ grenade n shuryüdan ᡥᴼᙆ grief n nagekí Ⴟࡀ࣬࡝ࡅࡀ, kanashimi ᝊࡊࡲ grievance n fuhei ୘ᖲ, fuman ୘‫‮‬ grieve v nagekimásu Ⴟࡀࡱ ࡌ࣬࡝ࡅࡀࡱࡌ; kokóro o itamemásu ᚨࢅ⑚ࡴࡱࡌ grill v yakimásu ↕ࡀࡱࡌ࣬ࡷࡀ ࡱࡌ, aburimásu ࠵ࡩࡽࡱࡌ࣬ ⅕ࡽࡱࡌ grime n yogore ỗࡿ grin 1. n (hanikanda) egao ࡢ࡞࠾



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➏࠷ࡱࡌ grind v surimásu ࡌࡽࡱࡌ; (into powder) hikimásu ࡥࡀࡱࡌ → sharpen → polish grip v nigirimásu ᥩࡽࡱࡌ࣬࡞ࡁ ࡽࡱࡌ gripe 1. n (complaint) guchi ࡃࡔ ࣬ម⑭ 2. v (complains) → grumble groan 1. n (a ~) umekí ࠹ࡴࡀ࣬࿢ ࡀ 2. v (~s) umekimásu ࠹ࡴࡀ ࡱࡌ࣬࿢ࡀࡱࡌ; fuman o iimásu ୘‫ࢅ‮‬ゕ࠷ࡱࡌ groceries n shokuryø-hin 㣏ᩩဗ, shokuhin 㣏ဗ groin n matá ⫝̸࣬ࡱࡒ groom n hanamuko ⰴ፯࣬ࡢ࡝ࡳ ࡆ, shinrø ᩺㑳 groove n mizo ‹ grope v sagurimásu ᥀ࡽࡱࡌ࣬ ࡈࡃࡽࡱࡌ; groper n (molester) chikan ⑭₆࣬ࢲ࢜ࣤ gross adj (crass) egetsunai ࠻ࡅ ࡗ࡝࠷; (rude) gehin (na) ୖဗ ࡝ grotesque n gurotesuku ࢡࣞࢷࢪࢠ grotto n døkutsu ὕ❅࣬ὕࡂࡗ ground 1. n (land) tochi ᅰᆀ࡛࣬ ࡔ, jí ᆀ, (earth) tsuchí ᅰ࣬ࡗࡔ; (surface) jímen ᆀ㟻࣬ࡋࡴࢆ, (playground) guraundo ࢡࣚࢗࣤ ࢺ 2. n (basecoat) shitanuri ୖሧ ࡽ 3. adj hiita ᣺࠷ࡒ 4. v (to be



grounded) ... o gaishutsu kinshi ni shimásu ...ࢅአฝ⚏Ḿ࡞ࡊࡱ 450



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guide



ࡌ; ground meat n hiki-niku ᣺ࡀ ⫏࣬ࣃ࢞ࢼࢠ grounds n (reason) riyü ⌦⏜࣬ࡽ ࡹ࠹, yué ᨶ࣬ࡹ࠻ group n gurü´pu ࢡ࣭ࣜࣈ, dantai ᅆమ; shüdan 㞗ᅆ; (class) kúrasu ࢠࣚࢪ; (throng, flock) muré ⩄ࡿ grove n hayashi ᯐ࣬ࡢࡷࡊ grow v 1. (it ~s) seichø shimásu ᠺ㛏ࡊࡱࡌ; (gets big) ø´kiku/ ø´ku narimásu ኬࡀࡂ>࠽࠽ࡀࡂ@ ኣࡂ>࠽࠽ࡂ@࡝ࡽࡱࡌ; (increases) fuemásu ቌ࠻ࡱࡌ࣬ࡨ࠻ࡱࡌ; (appears) hassei shimásu Ⓠ⏍ࡊ ࡱࡌ; (develops) hatten shimásu Ⓠᒈࡊࡱࡌ 2. (~s it) (a plant) uemásu ᳔࠻ࡱࡌ࣬࠹࠻ࡱࡌ, (a crop) tsukurimásu షࡽࡱࡌ࣬ࡗ ࡂࡽࡱࡌ 3. (becomes) (… ni, …-ku) narimásu …࡞, …ࡂ ࡝ࡽࡱࡌ; grow late v (yó ga) fukemásu እ࠿ ᭞ࡄࡱࡌ࣬ࡨ ࡄࡱࡌ; grow up v sodachimásu ⫩ࡔࡱࡌ࣬ࡐࡓࡔࡱࡌ; seichø shimásu ᠺ㛏ࡊࡱࡌ grower n saibai-sha ᰺ᇰ⩽, shiiku-sha 㣣⫩⩽ growl 1. n (a ~) unarí (goe) ࠹࡝ࡽ ࣬ၑࡽኇ 2. v (~s) unarimásu ࠹࡝ࡽ>ၑࡽ@ࡱࡌ growth n seichø ᠺ㛏; (increase) zøka ቌຊ; (development) hatten Ⓠᒈ grudge n uramí ᜗ࡲ࣬࠹ࡼࡲ gruel n (rice) (o-)kayu ࠽ ࠾ࡹ >⢓@



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grumble v boyakimásu ࡯ࡷࡀࡱ ࡌ, gúzuguzu shimásu ࡃࡍࡃࡍ ࡊࡱࡌ, (guchi o) koboshimásu ម⑭ࢅ ࡆ࡯ࡊࡱࡌ grumbling n fuhei ୘ᖲ࣬ࡨ࡫࠷ guarantee n, v hoshø (shimásu) ಕ チࡊࡱࡌ ; letter of guarantee n hoshø-sho ಕチ᭡ guard 1. n bán ␊, gådo-man ࣭࢝ ࢺ࣏ࣤ, (gate keeper) mónban 㛓␊, shuei Ꮼ⾠; (vigilance) keikai ㆑ᠼ 2. v ~s it mamorimásu Ꮼࡽࡱࡌ, keibi shimásu ㆑ ങࡊࡱࡌ; ~s against … o keikai shimásu …ࢅ㆑ᠼࡊࡱࡌ; guard dog n banken ␊≗ guardian n hogo-sha ಕ㆜⩽, køken-nin ᚃずெ; guardian angel n shugo-tenshi Ꮼ㆜ኮ౐ guess 1. n (conjecture) sasshi ᐳ ࡊ࣬ࡈࡖࡊ, (estimate) suisoku ᥆ῼ, kentø ずᙔ 2. v (~es) sasshimásu ᐳࡊࡱࡌ࣬ࡈࡖࡊࡱࡌ, suisoku shimásu ᥆ῼࡊࡱࡌ, kentø o tsukemásu ずᙔࢅࡗࡄ ࡱࡌ; (correctly) sasshi ga tsukimásu ᐳࡊ࠿ࡗࡀࡱࡌ࣬ࡈࡖࡊ ࠿ࡗࡀࡱࡌ, atemásu ᙔ࡙ࡱࡌ࣬ ࠵࡙ࡱࡌ guest n (o-)kyaku ࠽ ᐂ࣬࠽ ࡀࡶࡂ, okyaku-san/-sámá ࠽ᐂ >ࡀࡶࡂ@ࡈࢆᵕ࣬ࡈࡱ; (caller) raikyaku ᮮᐂ; guest of honor n shuhin ୹㈩>ࡥࢆ@, kihin ㈏㈩>ࡥࢆ@ guidance n annai ᱄හ; (direction, counseling) shidø ᣞᑙ guide 1. n (person) annai-gákari



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guild



᱄හ౿, annai-nin ᱄හெ, annáisha ᱄හ⩽, gáido ࢝࢕ࢺ; (coach, counsel) shidø´-sha ᣞᑙ⩽; (book) annai-sho ᱄හ᭡, gaido bukku ࢝࢕ࢺࣇࢴࢠ 2. v (~s them) annái shimásu ᱄හࡊࡱࡌ, michibikimásu ᑙࡀࡱࡌ࣬ࡲࡔ ࡦࡀࡱࡌ; (directs, counsels) shidø shimásu ᣞᑙࡊࡱࡌ guild n (union) kumiai ⤄ྙ, girudo ࢟ࣜࢺ guilt n tsúmi ⨝࣬ࡗࡲ; feeling/ sense of ~ záiaku-kan ⨝ᝇវ guilty adj yüzai (no) ᭯⨝ࡡ guitar n gitå ࢟ࢰ࣭ gulf n wán ‬࣬࣠ࣤ gullet n shokudø 㣏㐠 gullible adj baka-shø´jiki (na) ࡣ



nomimásu ࡃࡖ࡛࠿ࡩ࠿ࡩ㣟



ࡲࡱࡌ gum n (chewing) (chüin) gámu ࢲ࣭ࣖ࢕ࣤ ࣑࢝ gun n jü´ 㖘, teppø 㕪◑࡙࣬ࡖࡰ࠹ gunfire n happø Ⓠ◑ gunpowder n kayaku ℾⷾ gunshot → gunfire gush v hotobashirimásu ࡮࡛ࡣࡊ ࡽࡱࡌ, wakimásu ࢂࡀ>•ࡀ࣬ ᾓࡀ@ࡱࡌ guts n harawata ࡢࡼࢂࡒ࣬⭘࣬ ⭂, watá ࢂࡒ࣬⭘ → courage gutter n mizo ‹; (ditch) dobu ࡜ ࡩ; (drain pipe) tói ᵵ࡛࣬࠷ guy n yátsu ࡷࡗ࣬ዦ; that ~ aitsu ࠵࠷ࡗ, (polite) sono/ano hitó ࡐ ࡡ࠵ࡡெ gymnasium, gym n tai(í)kú-kan మ ࠾ḿ├࡝ gully n kyøkoku ᓒㆺ ⫩㤃, jímu ࢩ࣑ gulp 1. n ikki ni nomu ୌẴ࡞㣟ࡳ, gymnastics n taisø మ᧧࣬ࡒ࠷ࡐ࠹ gynecologist n fujin-ka ፦ெ⛁ hitoiki de nomu ୌ᜝࡚㣟ࡳ 2. ~s down v gutto/gabugabu gypsy n jipushii ࢩࣈࢨ࣭



H haberdashery n (notions) komamono ᑚ㛣∸, yøhin Ὂဗ habit n shükan ⩞ៈ; (bad ~) kusé ⒯࣬ࡂࡎ habitat n seisoku-chi ⏍᜝ᆀ; sumika పฌ࣬ࡌࡲ࠾ habitation n kyojü-chi ᑽపᆀ; sumai పࡱ࠷࣬ࡌࡱ࠷ habitual adj shükan (no) ⩞ៈࡡ ; itsumono ࠷ࡗࡵࡡ



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hack n hakkingu ࣀࢴ࢞ࣤࢡ, (computer) hakkå ࣀࢴ࣭࢜ had → have; gets ~ (by …) v (… ni) yararemásu …࡞ ࡷࡼࡿ ࡱࡌ hag n (oni) baba 㨛 ࡣࡣ haggard adj yatsureta ࡷࡗࡿࡒ, yatsureteiru ࡷࡗࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ haggle n ii-arasoi ゕ࠷ண࠷, ronsø ㄵண



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handbook



hail 1. n arare/hyø´ 2. v arare/ hyø´ ga furimásu ࠵ࡼࡿ࣬࢓ࣚ ࣝࡥࡺ࠹࣬ࣃࣘࢗ࠿㜾ࡽࡱࡌ hailstone → hail hair n (on head) kamí 㧝࣬࠾ࡲ, kamí no ke 㧝ࡡẗ࣬࠾ࡲࡡࡄ; (general) ke ẗ; hair spray n hea supurë ࣉ࢓ࢪࣈ࣭ࣝ hairdresser → beauty parlor → barber(shop) hairy adj kebukai ẗ῕࠷ hale adj genki ga yoi ඔẴ࠿Ⰳ ࠷࣬ࡅࢆࡀ࠿ࡻ࠷, genki (na) ඔ Ẵ࣬ࡅࢆࡀ࡝ half n hanbún ༖ฦ࣬ࡢࢆࡩࢆ; ~ a … han-… ༖…, …no hanbún …ࡡ༖ฦ; and a ~ …- hán …༖; the first ~ zenhan ๑༖; half a day n han-nichí ༖᪝; half a month n han-tsukí ༖᭮ half brother n 1. (different mother) ibo kyødai ␏ẍඕᘭ 2. (different father) ifu kyødai ␏∏ඕᘭ half-cooked adj (meat) nama-nie (no) ⏍↳࠻ࡡ half-done adj (meat) han’yake (no) ༖↕ࡄࡡ , namayake (no) ⏍↕ࡄࡡ halfhearted adj ii-kagen (na) ࠷࠷ ຊ΅࣬࠷࠷࠾ࡅࢆ࡝ half price n hangaku ༖㢘; halfprice hangaku (no) ༖㢘ࡡ half sister n 1. (different mother) ibo shimai ␏ẍ጗ግ 2. (different father) ifu shimai ␏∏጗ግ halfway adj tochü (no) ㏭୯ࡡ hall n (building) kaikan ఌ㤃;



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(lecture hall) kødø ㅦᇸ, høru ࣭࣌ࣜ; (entrance) génkan ⋖㛭 hallucination n genkaku ᖹつ



halt → stop ham n hámu ࣀ࣑; ham sandwich n hamu sándo ࣀ࣑ࢦࣤࢺ hamburger n (sandwich) hanbå´gå ࣀࣤࣁ࣭࣭࢝; (ground beef) hanbå´gu ࣀࣤࣁ࣭ࢡ hamlet n chiisai mura ᑚࡈ࠷ᮟ hammer 1. n kanazuchi ࠾࡝ࡘࡔ࣬ 㔘ᵌ, hánmå/hánma ࣀ࣏࣭ࣤ/ ࣀ࣏ࣤ, tsuchí ᵌ࣬ࡗࡔ, (small) kózuchi ᑚᵌ; claw hammer n kuginuki 㔝ᢜࡀ࣬ࡂࡁ࡟ࡀ 2. v (hits) uchimásu ᡬࡔࡱࡌ࣬ ࠹ࡔࡱࡌ hamper n (basket) kago ࠾ࡇ࣬࢜ࢥ hamster n hamusutå ࣀ࣑ࢪࢰ࣭ hand n té ᡥ ; (of clock) hári 㔢࣬ ࡢࡽ has on ~ (in stock) mochiawasemásu ᣚࡔྙࢂࡎࡱࡌ࣬ࡵ ࡔ࠵ࢂࡎࡱࡌ; hand down v tsutaemásu ఎ࠻ࡱࡌ࣬ࡗࡒ࠻ࡱࡌ; hand over v watashimásu ῳࡊࡱ ࡌ࣬ࢂࡒࡊࡱࡌ; (to me) yokoshimásu ࡻࡆࡊࡱࡌ; hand up v køsan shimásu 㜾ཤࡊࡱࡌ; Hands up! te o agero! ᡥࢅᣪࡅࢀ㸖 handbag n hando bággu (hando bákku) ࣀࣤࢺࣁࢴࢡࣀࣤࢺࣁ ࢴࢠ , tesage ᡥᥞࡅ࣬ᡥࡈࡅ handball n hando børu ࣀࣤࢺ࣍ ࣭ࣜ handbill n bira ࡦࡼ࣬ࣄࣚ handbook n hando bukku ࣀࣤࢺ ࣇࢴࢠ, tebiki-sho ᡥᘤࡀ ᭡



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handbrake



handbrake n saido burë´ki ࢦ࢕ࢺ ࣇ࣭ࣝ࢞ handcuff n te jø ᡥ㗼 handful n shøryø ᑛ㔖, hito-nigiri ୌᥩࡽ࣬ࡥ࡛࡞ࡁࡽ handicapped adj (physically) karada ga fú-jiyü (na) మ࠿୘⮤⏜࡝ ; handicapped person n (shintai) shøgái-sha ㌗మ 㝸ᐐ⩽ handicraft n shukøgei-hin ᡥᕝⰹဗ handiwork n te-záiku ᡥ⣵ᕝ, saiku ⣵ᕝ, te-shigoto ᡥ௘஥ handkerchief n hankachi ࣀࣤ࢜ࢲ handle 1. n totté ཱིࡖᡥ࡛࣬ࡖ࡙, handoru ࣀࣤࢺࣜ, tsurú ࡗࡾ࣬ ࢵࣜ࣬㕯, é ᯮ 2. v tori-atsukaimásu ཱིࡽ᡽࠷ࡱࡌ࡛࣬ࡽ࠵ࡗ࠾࠷ࡱ ࡌ; (copes with it) shóri shimásu ฌ⌦ࡊࡱࡌ; (uses a tool) tsukaimásu ౐࠷ࡱࡌ࣬ࡗ࠾࠷ࡱࡌ;



(controls, operates) søjü shimásu ᧧⦢ࡊࡱࡌ; (receives) …ni sesshimásu …࡞᥃ࡊࡱࡌ → sell → touch Handle With Care Kowaremono chü´i ࡆࢂࡿ∸Ἰណ࣬ࢤ࣓࣠ࣝࢿ Ἰណ hand luggage n te-nímotsu ᡥⲬ∸ handshake n ákushu ᥩᡥ࣬࠵ࡂ ࡊࡸ handsome n hansamu ࣀࣤࢦ࣑, nimai-me ஦ᯓ┘ handwriting n te-gaki ᡥ᭡ࡀ, nikuhitsu ⫏➱ handy adj bénri (na) ౼ฺ࣬࡬ࢆࡽ ࡝ handyman n (or his shop) benri-ya



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౼ฺᒁ࣬࡬ࢆࡽᒁ hang v 1. it ~s kakarimásu ᤻࠾ ࡽࡱࡌ࣬࠾࠾ࡽࡱࡌ 2. ~s it kakemásu ᤻ࡄࡱࡌ࣬࠾ࡄࡱࡌ, (suspends it) tsurimásu ྛࡽࡱ ࡌ࣬ࡗࡽࡱࡌ 3. ~s one’s head utsumukimásu ࠹ࡗࡳࡀࡱࡌ࣬ ಟࡀࡱࡌ; hang down v ① it ~s down taremásu ᆱࡿࡱࡌ࣬ࡒࡿ ࡱࡌ; sagarimásu ୖ࠿ࡽࡱࡌ࣬ ࡈ࠿ࡽࡱࡌ; bura-sagarimásu ࡩࡼୖ࠿ࡽࡱࡌ ② ~s it down sagemásu ୖࡅࡱࡌ࣬ࡈࡅࡱ ࡌ; bura-sagemásu ࡩࡼୖࡅࡱ ࡌ; hang in there v ganbarimásu ࠿ ࢆࡣࡽ>㡱ᘿࡽ@ࡱࡌ; hang up v (phone) (denwa o) kirimásu 㞹 ヨࢅ วࡽࡱࡌ࣬ࡀࡽࡱࡌ hang gliding n hangu-guraidå-nori ࣀࣤࢡࢡࣚ࢕ࢱ࣭஋ࡽ hangout n tamari-ba ‸ࡱࡽሔ࣬ ࡒࡱࡽሔ hangover n futsuka-yoi ஦᪝㓁࠷ haphazard adj ii-kagen (na) ࠷࠷ ຊ΅࣬࠷࠷࠾ࡅࢆ࡝ happen v okorimásu ㉫ࡆࡽࡱࡌ࣬ ࠽ࡆࡽࡱࡌ; ~ to see/observe miukemásu ずུࡄࡱࡌ࣬ࡲ࠹ࡄࡱ ࡌ; ~ to see/meet de-aimásu ฝఌ ࠷ࡱࡌ࡚࣬࠵࠷ࡱࡌ happiness n køfuku ᖶ⚗, shiawase ᖶࡎ࣬ࡊ࠵ࢂࡎ happy adj ureshíi ࠹ࡿࡊ࠷࣬Ꭺࡊ ࠷, yúkai (na) ញᛄ࣬ࡹ࠾࠷࡝ , køfuku (na) ᖶ⚗࡝ , shiawase (na) ᖶࡎ࣬ࡊ࠵ࢂࡎ࡝ ; (cheerful) yøki (na) 㝟Ẵ࡝ ; (is



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haunch



delighted) yorokobimásu ႌࡦࡱ hardworking adj kinben (na) ໂຫ



ࡌ࣬ࡻࢀࡆࡦࡱࡌ → lucky Happy New Year interj Shínnen/



Akemáshite o-medetø gozaimásu. ᩺ᖳ࠵ࡄ>᪺ࡄ@ࡱࡊ࡙ ࠽ࡴ࡚ ࡛࠹ࡇࡉ࠷ࡱࡌ. harbor → port hard adj 1. katai ᅖ࠷࣬◫࠷࣬ᇻ࠷ ࣬࠾ࡒ࠷; (difficult) muzukashii 㞬ࡊ࠷࣬ࡳࡍ࠾ࡊ࠷, (hard to do) shi-nikúi ࡊ࡞ࡂ࠷; (onerous) kurushíi ⱖࡊ࠷࣬ࡂࡾࡊ࠷; (cruelly, terribly) hídoku ࡥ࡜ࡂ 2. (working ~) yóku Ⰳࡂ࣬ࡻࡂ; (laboriously) ákuseku ࠵ࡂࡎࡂ, sésse-to ࡎࡖࡎ࡛; (intently) shikiri ni ࡊࡀࡽ࡞ 3. adv (zealously) nésshín ni ⇍ᚨ࡞; (seriously) majime ni ࡱࡋࡴ>┷㟻┘@࡞ harden v 1. it ~s katamarimásu ᅖ ࡱࡽࡱࡌ࣬࠾ࡒࡱࡽࡱࡌ 2. ~s it katamemásu ᅖࡴࡱࡌ࣬࠾ࡒ ࡴࡱࡌ hard disk n hådo disuku ࣀ࣭ࢺ ࢸ࢔ࢪࢠ hardly adv hotóndo ࡮࡛ࢆ࡜࣬Ṝ ࡜ + [NEGATIVE] hardness n katasa ◫ࡈ࣬࠾ࡒࡈ hard of hearing adj mimí ga tøi ⪝ ࠿㐪࠷࣬⪝࠿࡛࠽࠷ hardship n kónnan ᅏ㞬, kúrø ⱖຘ hardware n 1. kanamono 㔘∸; (items) tekki 㕪ჹ, tekkí-rui 㕪 ჹ㢦; (store) kanamono-ya 㔘∸ ᒁ → houseware; (machine) kikai setsubi ᶭ᲌シങ 2. (computer) hådowéa ࣀ࣭ࢺࢗ࢘࢓



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࡝ hare n usagi ࠹ࡈࡁ࣬ࢗࢦ࢟࣬ඟ harm 1. n gái ᐐ, songai ᥾ᐐ 2. ~s it v sokonaimásu ᥾࡝࠷ࡱࡌ ࣬ࡐࡆ࡝࠷ࡱࡌ; without ~ (incident) buji (ni) ↋஥࣬ࡩࡋ࡞ ; no ~ ...shite mo mondai nai ...ࡊ ࡙ࡵၡ㢗࡝࠷ harmony n chøwa ㄢ࿰; is in ~ with … to chøwa shimásu …࡛ㄢ࿰ ࡊࡱࡌ harp n (Japanese) (o-)kóto ࠽ ⌾; (Western) hå´pu ࣀ࣭ࣈ harpoon n mori 㖨࣓࣬ࣛ harsh adj (cruel) zankoku (na) ṟ㓖࡝ harvest 1. n minori ᐁࡽ࣬ࡲࡡࡽ, shükaku ཭✥ 2. v (~s it) osamemásu ཭ࡴࡱࡌ࣬࠽ࡈࡴࡱࡌ, shükaku shimásu ཭✥ࡊࡱࡌ has → have haste n isogí ᛬ࡁ࣬࠷ࡐࡁ hasten → hurry hasty adj (hurried) isogí no ᛬ࡁ ࡡ; (rash) keisotsu (na) ㍅⋙࡝ hat n bøshi ᖐᏄ; bamboo ~ kása ➗࣬࢜ࢦ hate v (… ga) iyádesu …࠿ ᎒ ࡚ࡌ; (… o) nikumimásu …ࢅ ៦ࡲࡱࡌ࣬࡞ࡂࡲࡱࡌ haughty adj gøman (na) ഩះ࡝ ; is/acts ~ ibarimásu ጸᘿࡽࡱࡌ࣬ ࠷ࡣࡽࡱࡌ haul n (goods in transit) yusø-hin ㍲㏞ဗ haunch n den-bu ⮄㒂࡚࣬ࢆࡩ,



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have



koshi ⭔࣬ࡆࡊ have v (…ga) arimásu …࠿ ࠵ࡽ ࡱࡌ, (…o) mótte imásu …ࢅ ᣚࡖ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ࣬ࡵࡖ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ; (keeps, retains) kakaemásu ᢢ࠻ ࡱࡌ࣬࠾࠾࠻ࡱࡌ; have someone do it v (hito ni sore o) sasemásu ெ࡞ࡐࡿࢅ ࡈࡎࡱࡌ, (as a favor) shite moraimásu ࡊ࡙ࡵࡼ ࠷ࡱࡌ; have it done v (by some-



ࡊࡱࡌ࣬ࢅࡴࡉࡊࡱࡌ; head over heels adv massáka-sama ni ࡱࡖ ࡈ࠾ࡈࡱ࡞࣬┷ࡖ㏣ࡈࡱ࡞ headache n zutsü 㢄⑚; have a ~ zutsü ga shimásu 㢄⑚࠿ࡊࡱࡌ, atamá ga itái 㢄࠿⑚࠷ heading n (caption) midashi ずฝ ࡊ࣬ࡲࡓࡊ, (title) taitoru ࢰ࢕ࢹࣜ headlight(s) n heddo ráito ࣉࢴࢺ ࣚ࢕ࢹ, zenshøtø ๑↯⅁ one to another) (hito ni sore o) headline n midashi ずฝࡊ࣬ࡲࡓ saremásu ெ࡞ࡐࡿࢅ ࡈࡿࡱࡌ; ࡊ, heddo rain ࣉࢴࢺࣚ࢕ࣤ have no ... v (…ga) arimasén head office n honten ᮇᗉ, (corpo…࠿ ࠵ࡽࡱࡎࢆ rate headquarter) honsha ᮇ♣ have to → must headquarters n hónbu ᮇ㒂; Hawaii n Háwai ࣀ࣠࢕ (building; military) shiréi-bu hawk n taka ࡒ࠾࣬ࢰ࢜࣬㮒 ᣞ௦ྒྷ௦ 㒂; (corporate ~) hay n magusa ࡱࡃࡈ࣬⛎, hoshi- honsha ᮇ♣ heady adj sëkyü (na) ᛮ᛬࡝ gusa ᖱࡊⲙ࣬࣌ࢨࢡࢦ hazard n hazådo ࣀࢧ࣭ࢺ, heal v iyashimásu ⒭ࡊࡱࡌ࣬࠷ ࡷࡊࡱࡌ (danger) kiken ༱㝜࣬࢞ࢢࣤ haze n móya ࡵࡷ࣬㟥, (mist) health n kenkø ೸ᗛ, (one’s ~) kasumi ࠾ࡌࡲ࣬㟐 karada మ࣬㌗మ࣬࠾ࡼࡓ; (state hazy; gets ~ kasumimásu ࠾ࡌࡲࡱ of one’s ~) (go-)kigen ࡇ ᶭ ࡌ࣬㟐ࡲࡱࡌ ᎒, o-kagen ࠽ຊ΅࣬࠽࠾ࡅࢆ; he n káre ᙴ࣬࠾ࡿ, anó-hito ࠵ࡡ (hygiene, sanitation) eisei ⾠⏍; ெ (but use name, title, or role; health service n (hospital) byøin ⑋ 㝌; health insurance n kenkø hoken often omitted); (that guy) yátsu ࡷࡗ࣬ዦ, yakko san ࡷࡖࡆࡈࢆ ೸ᗛಕ㝜 he-… (animal) … no osú …ࡡ㞕࣬ healthy adj kenkø (na) ೸ᗛ࣬ࡄࢆ …ࡡ࢛ࢪ ࡆ࠹࡝ , génki (na) ඔẴ࣬ࡅࢆ head n atamá 㢄࣬࠵ࡒࡱ; (brains) ࡀ࡝ , tassha (na) 㐡⩽࡝ , zunø 㢄⬳; (leader) kashirá 㢄, mame (na) ࡱࡴ࡝ ; (sturdy) chø´ 㛏, (of a school) køchø ᰧ jøbu (na) ୓ኰ࣬ࡋࡺ࠹ࡩ࡝ 㛏; head for … v ni mukaimásu heap 1. n yamá ᒜ࣬ࡷࡱ 2. ~s it …࡞ྡྷ࠾࠷ࡱࡌ࣬…࡞ࡳ࠾࠷ࡱ up v morimásu ┊ࡽࡱࡌ ࡌ; … o mezashimásu …ࢅ┘ᣞ hear v kikimásu ⪲ࡀࡱࡌ࣬ࡀࡀࡱࡌ



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helper



hearsay n (rumor) uwasa ࠹ࢂࡈ ࣬ფ hearse n reikyü-sha 㟃ᰈ㌬ heart n shinzø ᚨ⮒; (as seat of emotions) (o-)kokoro ࠽ ᚨ࣬ ࠽ ࡆࡆࢀ; (core, spirit) shín ⰲ࣬ࢨࣤ; (mind) muné ⬒, omói ᛦ࠷; (spirit) ki Ẵ; by heart adv (from memory) sóra de ✭࡚࣬ ࡐࡼ࡚; heartache n shintsü ᚨ⑚; heart attack n shinzø mahi ᚨ⮒㯖 ⑯, shinzø hossa ᚨ⮒Ⓠష heartening adj kokoro-zuyoi ᚨᙁ ࠷࣬ࡆࡆࢀࡘࡻ࠷ heartfelt adj kokóro kara (no) ᚨ࠾ ࡼ࣬ࡆࡆࢀ࠾ࡼࡡ heartless adj mujø (na) ↋᝗࡝ , hakujø (na) ⷟᝗࡝ heat 1. n átsu-sa ⇍ࡈ࣬ᬤࡈ࣬࠵ ࡗࡈ, netsú ⇍ 2. ~s it v átsuku shimásu ⇍ࡂࡊࡱࡌ, nesshimásu ⇍ࡊࡱࡌ → warm it up 3. it ~s up v átsuku narimásu ⇍ ࡂ>ᬤࡂ࣬࠵ࡗࡂ@࡝ࡽࡱࡌ, nesshimásu ⇍ࡊࡱࡌ heater n sutø´bu ࢪࢹ࣭ࣇ, híitå ࣃ࣭ࢰ࣭, kanetsú-ki ຊ⇍ჹ heating n (of room, etc.) danbø ᬦ ᡛ; heating saké n (o-)kan ࠽ ⇣, kán-zake ⇣㒿࣬࠾ࢆ㒿 heatstroke n nissha-byø ᪝ᑏ⑋, nessha-byø ⇍ᑏ⑋ heat wave n neppa ⇍ἴ heaven n tén ኮ࡙࣬ࢆ; (sky) sóra ✭࣬ࡐࡼ; (paradise) téngoku ኮ ᅗ࡙࣬ࢆࡇࡂ heavy n omoi 㔔࠷࣬࠽ࡵ࠷;



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(onerous) kurushíi ⱖࡊ࠷࣬ࡂ ࡾࡊ࠷; heavy rain n ø-áme ኬ㞭; (torrential downpour) gø´u ㇞㞭; heavy snow n ø-yuki ኬ㞯; heavy tax n jü-zei 㔔⛧; heavy work (load) n tsurai shigoto ࡗࡼ࠷௘஥ hedge n ikegaki ⏍ࡄᇄ࣬࠷ࡄ࠿ࡀ heed n chüi Ἰណ heel n kakato ࠾࠾࡛࣬㋎ height n takasa 㧏ࡈ; (stature) séi ⫴࣬ࡎ࠷ (= sé ⫴) heir n søzoku-nin ┞⤾ெ helicopter n herikoputå ࣉࣛࢤࣈ ࢰ࣭ hell n jigokú ᆀ⊱࣬ࡋࡇࡂ hello 1. (on phone) móshi moshi ࡵࡊࡵࡊ 2. (saying at door) [FORMAL] Gomen kudasái ࡇࡴࢆ ୖࡈ࠷ [CASUAL] konnichi wa. ࡆࢆ࡞ࡔࡢ 3. (on encounter) å ࠵࠵ + [NAME] and/or [TITLE]; yå ࡷ࠵; gokigen yø ࡇࡀࡅࢆࡻ࠹. help 1. n (assistance) tetsudái ᡥ ఎ࠷࡙࣬ࡗࡓ࠷; (good offices) assen ࠵ࡖࡎࢆ࣬ᩯ᪍, sewá ୠ ヨ (aid) énjo ᥴຐ, hójo ⿭ຐ; (support) øen ᚺᥴ; with the ~ of … no assen/sewá de …ࡡ ࠵ࡖࡎࢆୠヨ࡚ 2. v (assists) tetsudaimásu ᡥఎ࠷ࡱࡌ࡙࣬ࡗ ࡓ࠷ࡱࡌ; (rescues) tasukemásu ຐࡄࡱࡌ࣬ࡒࡌࡄࡱࡌ; (saves) sukuimásu ᨾ࠷ࡱࡌ (supports) øen shimásu ᚺᥴࡊࡱࡌ helper n joshu ຐᡥ; household ~ o-tétsudai(-san) ࠽ᡥఎ࠷࣬࠽࡙ ࡗࡓ࠷ࡈࢆ



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hemorrhoids



hemorrhoids n ji ⑕࣬ࡕ hen n mendori 㞜㫵࣒࣬ࣤࢺࣛ hepatitis n kan’en ⫚ⅎ her → she; herself → oneself herb n kusá ⲙ࣬ࢠࢦ; yakusø ⷾ ⲙ࣬ࣕࢠࢮࢗ, hå´bu ࣀ࣭ࣇ herd n mure ⩄ࡿ here n koko ࡆࡆ; kochira ࡆࡔࡼ, kotchí ࡆࡖࡔ; is ~ kitéimásu ᮮ ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ hero n eiyü ⱝ㞕, hiirø ࣃ࣭࣭ࣞ heroine n eiyü ⱝ㞕, hiroin ࣃࣞ࢕ࣤ herpes n høshin ␹⑀, hérupesu ࣉࣜ࣋ࢪ hers (belonging to her) → she hesitate v tameraimásu ࡒࡴࡼ ࠷ࡱࡌ࣬㌃㌁࠷ࡱࡌ; chücho shimásu ࡔࡸ࠹ࡔࡺ>㌃㌁@ࡊࡱ ࡌ; enryo shimásu 㐪៎ࡊࡱࡌ࣬ ࠻ࢆࡽࡺࡊࡱࡌ hey! interj (masculine) ói! ࠽࠷!, tchotto! ࡔࡺࡖ࡛!, (feminine) në! ࡠ࠻!, ano né! ࠵ࡡࡠ! hi! interj (masculine) yá ࡷ࠵! → hello → hey hiccup n shákkuri ࡊࡶࡖࡂࡽ hide 1. v (~s it) kakushimásu 㝻 ࡊࡱࡌ࣬࠾ࡂࡊࡱࡌ; (it ~s) kakuremásu 㝻ࡿࡱࡌ࣬࠾ࡂࡿ ࡱࡌ 2. n (skin of an animal) kawa ⓮, híkaku ⓮㠁, (skin of a human) hifu ⓮⭭ high adj takái 㧏࠷࣬ࡒ࠾࠷; kø-… 㧏…; highest (maximum, top) saikø (no) ᭩㧏ࡡ , saijø (no) ᭩୕ࡡ ; higher by ¥100 hyakuén-daka Ⓤළ㧏; high



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(barometric) pressure n kø-kíatsu 㧏Ẵᅸ; high blood pressure n køkétsúatsu 㧏⾉ᅸ high-class adj (high-grade/ranking) køkyü (na) 㧏⣥࡝ , haikurasu (no) ࣀ࢕ࢠࣚࢪࡡ high degree n kø´do 㧏ᗐ highest adj/adv ichiban takái ୌ␊ 㧏࠷, saikø (no) ᭩㧏ࡡ ; ichiban ue ୌ␊୕, saijø (no) ᭩୕ࡡ highhanded adj gøin (na) ᙁᘤ࡝ highland n køchi 㧏ᆀ highlight n midokoro ずᡜ, medama ┘⋚, hairaito ࣀ࢕ࣚ࢕ࢹ highly adv øi ni ࠽࠽࠷࡞, hijø ni 㟸ᖏ࡞࣬ࡥࡋࡺ࠹࡞, kiwamete ᴗࡴ࡙ highrise adj køsø (no) 㧏ᒒࡡ ; high-rise (office) building n køsø ofisubiru 㧏ᒒ࢛ࣆ࢔ࢪ ࣄࣜ high school n køtø-gákkø 㧏➴Ꮥ ᰧ, kø-kø 㧏ᰧ; high school student n køkø´-sei 㧏ᰧ⏍ high speed adj køsoku 㧏㏷ highway n kaidø ⾜㐠, kokudø ᅗ 㐠, kødø ප㐠; (expressway) køsoku-døro 㧏㏷㐠㊨ hijack 1. v (airplane) nottorimásu ஋ࡖཱིࡽࡱࡌ 2. n haijakku ࣀ࢕ ࢩࣔࢴࢠ hike, hiking n háikíngu (o shimásu) ࣀ࢕࢞ࣤࢡࢅࡊࡱࡌ hilarious adj yukai (na) ញᛄ࡝ hill n (slope) saká ᆊ; (small mountain) oka ୢ࣬࠽࠾, koyama ᑚᒜ hilt n tsuká ሪ࣬ࡗ࠾



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hold



him → he; himself → oneself hind adj ushiro (no) ᚃࢀࡡ࣬࠹ ࡊࢀࡡ; hind leg n ato-ashi ᚃ⫝, ushiro ashi ᚃࢀ⫝࣬࠹ࡊࢀ࠵ࡊ hinder v samatagemásu ጄࡅࡱ ࡌ࣬ࡈࡱࡒࡅࡱࡌ hinge 1. n chø-tsúgai ࡔࡺ࠹ࡗ࠿ ࠷࣬⼎␊ 2. v ~s on ... ni sayüsaremásu ...࡞ᕞྎࡈࡿࡱࡌ; hinged door n hirakí-do 㛜ࡀᡖ hint 1. n hínto ࣃࣤࢹ, honomekashí ࡮ࡡࡴ࠾ࡊ, anji ᬧ♟, tegakari ᡥ᤻࠾ࡽ 2. v (~s it) honomekashimásu ࡮ࡡࡴ࠾ࡊࡱࡌ, anji shimásu ᬧ♟ࡊࡱࡌ hip 1. n (buttock) (o-)shiri ࠽ ᑶ ࣬࠽ ࡊࡽ, (thigh) mómo ࡵࡵ ࣬⫝̸; (loins) koshi ⭔࣬ࡆࡊ, hippu ࣃࢴࣈ 2. adj [SLANG] (cool) ikashita ࠷࠾ࡊࡒ, iketeru ࢕ࢢ࡙ࡾ hippopotamus n kaba ࠾ࡣ࣬࢜ࣁ࣬ ἑ㤷 hiragana n hirágáná ࡥࡼ࠿࡝࣬ ᖲ௫ྞ hire v yatoimásu 㞘࠷ࡱࡌ࣬ࡷ࡛ ࠷ࡱࡌ; (a professional) tanomimásu 㢏ࡲࡱࡌ࣬ࡒࡡࡲࡱࡌ his (belonging to him) → he historian n rekishi-ka Ṍྍᐓ history n rekishi Ṍྍ; one’s personal ~ rireki ᒓṌ, keireki ⤊ Ṍ, (resume) rirekisho ᒓṌ᭡ hit 1. n híttó ࣃࢴࢹ; atari ᙔࡒ ࡽ 2. v butsukemásu ࡩࡗࡄࡱ ࡌ, uchimásu ᡬࡔࡱࡌ࣬࠹ࡔࡱ ࡌ; (strike) tatakimásu ྄ࡀࡱ



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ࡌ࣬ࡒࡒࡀࡱࡌ; atemásu ᙔ࡙ ࡱࡌ࣬࠵࡙ࡱࡌ 3. v atarimásu ᙔࡒࡽࡱࡌ࣬࠵ࡒࡽࡱࡌ; gets ~



(robbed, beset, wounded, killed) yararemásu ࡷࡼࡿࡱࡌ hitch 1. n (knot) musubi-me ⤎ࡦ ┘࣬ࡳࡌࡦ┘ 2. n (barrier) shøgai 㝸ᐐ 3. n, v (hitchhike) hittchi-haiku (shimásu) ࣃࢴࢲࣀ ࢕ࢠࡊࡱࡌ hoard v takuwaemásu ⵫࠻ࡱࡌ࣬ ࡒࡂࢂ࠻ࡱࡌ, (buys up) kaidame shimásu ㈑࠷ࡓࡴࡊࡱࡌ hoarse adj hasukii (na) ࣀࢪ࣭࢞ ࡝ ; shiwa-gareta ࡊࢂ࠿ࡿࡒ hobby n shúmi ㉻࿝࣬ࡊࡸࡲ; hobii ࣌ࣄ࣭; ohako ࠽ࡢࡆ࣬༎ ඳ␊ (= hobbyhorse) hoe n kuwa ࡂࢂ࣬ࢠ࣠࣬㘭 Hokkaido n Hokkáidø ໪ᾇ㐠 hold 1. v (té ni) mochimásu ᡥ ࡞ ᣚࡔࡱࡌ࣬ࡵࡔࡱࡌ, mótte imásu ᣚࡖ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ࣬ࡵࡖ࡙ ࠷ࡱࡌ; (in arms) dakimásu ᢢ ࡀࡱࡌ࣬ࡓࡀࡱࡌ, (under the arm) kakaemásu ᢢ࠻ࡱࡌ࣬࠾ ࠾࠻ࡱࡌ; (an open umbrella) sashimásu ᕣࡊࡱࡌ࣬ࡈࡊࡱࡌ;



(keeps in reserve) tótte okimásu ཱིࡖ࡙⨠ࡀࡱࡌ; (gives an event) moyøshimásu തࡊࡱࡌ࣬ࡵࡻ ࠽ࡊࡱࡌ; ~ in the mouth (kuchi ni) fukumimásu ཾ࡞ ྱࡲࡱࡌ 2. n (place to hold on) tegákari ᡥ᤻࠾ࡽ; hold back v (hesitates) (go-)enryo shimásu ࡇ 㐪៎࣬ ࠻ࢆࡽࡺࡊࡱࡌ; hold it v (sono-



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hole



mama de) machimásu ࡐࡡࡱࡱ ࡚ ᙽࡔࡱࡌ, taiki shimásu ᙽᶭ ࡊࡱࡌ; hold it up v (lift) sashiagemásu ᕣࡊ୕ࡅࡱࡌ࣬ࡈࡊ࠵ ࡅࡱࡌ hole n aná ✨࣬࠵࡝; (opening) kuchi ཾ࣬ࢠࢲ holiday n yasumí ఆࡲ࣬ࡷࡌࡲ, kyüjitsu ఆ᪝; (official) saijitsu ⚅᪝, shukujitsu ♻᪝ Holland n Oranda ࢛ࣚࣤࢱ hollow 1. adj (empty) utsuro (na) ࠹ࡗࢀ࡝ 2. n (a dent) kubomi ࡂ࡯ࡲ࣬❉ࡲ; gets ~ hekomimásu ࡫ࡆࡲࡱࡌ࣬ผࡲࡱࡌ holly n hiiragi ࣃ࢕ࣚ࢟ holocaust n dai-gyakusatsu ኬ⹚ṽ; the Holocaust yudaya-jin (no) dai-gyakusatsu ࣗࢱࣕெࡡ ኬ⹚ṽ home n (o-)uchi ࠽ ᐓ, … uchí …ᐓ; (one’s residence) jitaku ⮤ Ꮹ; (household) katei ᐓᗖ; goes ~ kaerimásu ᖉࡽࡱࡌ࣬࠾࠻ࡽ ࡱࡌ; home and abroad náigai හአ; (one’s) home area kuni ᅗ, inaka ࠷ ࡝࠾࣬⏛⯃ (= hometown); one’s parent’s home jikka ᐁᐓ home help n hømu herupå ࣭࣑࣌ ࣉࣜࣂ࣭ homeland n sókoku ♵ᅗ, (motherland) bókoku ẍᅗ homeless n hømuresu ࣭࣑࣌ࣝࢪ, furø´-sha ᾃᾁ⩽ homemade adj tesei (no) ᡥ⿿ ࡡ , tezúkuri (no) ᡥషࡽ࡙࣬ࡘ ࡂࡽࡡ



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homesick adj hømu shikku (no) ࣌ ࣭࣑ࢨࢴࢠࡡ hometown n kókyø ᨶ㒋; hømu taun ࣭࣑࣌ࢰࢗࣤ; (countryside) inaka ࠷࡝࠾࣬⏛⯃; (o-)sato ࠽ 㔓 homicide n 1. (murder) satsujin ṽ ெ 2. (killer) satsujin-han ṽெ≚ homosexual 1. n hómo ࣓࣌ 2. adj døséi ai (no) ྜྷᛮយࡡ honest adj shøjíkí (na) ḿ├࣬ࡊ ࡺ࠹ࡋࡀ࡝ , katagi (na) ᇻẴ ࡝ ; (proper) tadashíi ḿࡊ࠷࣬ ࡒࡓࡊ࠷; (earnest) majime (na) ࡱࡋࡴ>┷㟻┘@࡝ honey 1. n mítsu ⻜࣐࣬ࢵ, hachimitsu ⻇⻜࣬ࣀࢲ࣐ࢵ 2. interj hanii ࣀࢼ࣭ Hong Kong n Hónkón ࣌ࣤࢤࣤ࣬ 㤮῿ Honolulu n Honoruru ࣌ࢿࣜࣜ honor n méiyo ྞ・; (=“face”) taimen మ㟻; (sense of obligation) girí ⩇⌦ honorable adj (respectable) sonkeidekiru ᑕᩏ࡚ࡀࡾ, rippa na ❟Ὤ࡝ Honshu n Hónshü ᮇᕗ hood n 1. (of car) bonnétto ࣍ࣤ ࢾࢴࢹ 2. (for head) füdo ࣆ࣭ࢺ hoodlum n yotamonoࡻࡒࡵࡡ࣬ ୙ኯ⩽; chinpira ࡔࢆࡧࡼ࣬ࢲࣤ ࣅࣚ hoof n hizume ࣃࢶ࣒࣬㋗ hook 1. n kagí ࢜࢟࣬㕅; (snap) hókku ࣌ࢴࢠ; fishing ~ tsuribari 㔦ࡽ㔢 2. v (to ~ a fish) tsurimásu



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housewife



㔦ࡽࡱࡌ; ~ up setsuzoku shimásu ᥃⤾ࡊࡱࡌ 3. v (to hang) tsurushimásu ྛࡾࡊࡱࡌ, hikkakémásu ᘤࡖ᤻ࡄࡱࡌ hookey; plays ~ saborimásu ࡈ࡯ ࡽࡱࡌ, zuru-yásumi shimásu ࡍ ࡾఆࡲࡊࡱࡌ hoop n wa(k-ka) ㍧ࡖ࠾ hope 1. n nozomi ᭻ࡲ࣬ࡡࡑࡲ, kibø ᕵ᭻, (anticipation) mikomi ず㎰ࡲ, (ambition) kokorozashi ᚷ 2. ~s for v nozomimásu ᭻ࡲ ࡱࡌ࣬ࡡࡑࡲࡱࡌ, kibø shimásu ᕵ᭻ࡊࡱࡌ; I ~ that … (da) to íi desu ...ࡓ ࡛࠷࠷࡚ࡌ horizon n (sea) suihei sen Ềᖲ⥲, (land) chihei sen ᆀᖲ⥲ hormone n horumon ࣓࣌ࣜࣤ horn n (of animal) tsunó ぽ࣬ࢵࢿ; (of car) keiteki ㆑➔, kurakushon ࢠࣚࢠࢨࣘࣤ; (music) hórun ࣌ࣜࣤ horrible adj osoroshíi ᜅࢀࡊ࠷࣬ ࠽ࡐࢀࡊ࠷ horse n umá 㤷 horse mackerel n áji ࢓ࢩ࣬㪓 horseradish n (seiyø) wásabi ࢬ࢕ ࣙࢗ ࣠ࢦࣄ࣬ᒜⴿ hospital n byøin ⑋㝌; ~ admission nyüin ථ㝌 hospitality n o-motenashi ࠽ࡵ࡙࡝ ࡊ, kantai Ḵᙽ host n shújin ୹ெ, téishu ி୹ hostage n (captive) hitojichi ெ㈹ hostelry n minshuku Ằᐙ hostess n onna shújin ዥ୹ெ; hósutesu ࣌ࢪࢷࢪ



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hostile adj tekii/tekitaishin/hankan o motta ᩓណᩓᑊᚨཬវࢅᣚ ࡖࡒ hostility n tekii ᩓណ hot adj 1. atsúi ⇍࠷࣬ᬤ࠷࣬࠵ࡗ ࠷; (pungent, spicy) karai ࠾ࡼ ࠷࣬㎖࠷ 2. gets ~ nes-shimásu ⇍ࡊࡱࡌ࣬ࡠࡖࡊࡱࡌ; hot air n



(idle talk) baka-/muda-bánashi ࡣ࠾↋㥇ヨ; hot blood n tanki ▯ Ẵ; hot cake n hotto-këki ࣌ࢴࢹ ࢢ࣭࢞, pan-këki ࣂࣤࢢ࣭࢞ hotel n hóteru ࣌ࢷࣜ; hotel bill n hoterú-dai ࣌ࢷࣜ௥ hotline n hottorain ࣌ࢴࢹࣚ࢕ࣤ hot spring n onsen Ὼἠ; hot-spring cure n tøji …἖ hot water n oyu ࠽…, yú …࣬ࡹ, (burning hot water) nettø ⇍… hot-water bottle n yu-tánpo …ࡒࢆ ࡰ࣬ࡹࡒࢆࡰ hour n jikan ᫤㛣࣬ࡋ࠾ࢆ hourglass n suna-dokei ▹᫤゛ house n (o-)uchi ࠽ ᐓ, … uchí …ᐓ, ié ᐓ; taku Ꮹ, …-ya …ᐓ; house addition/extension n tatemashi ᘋ࡙ቌࡊ; house refuse n gomí ࡇ ࡲ࣬ࢥ࣐; house rent n yá-chin ᐓ ㈜; rental house n (~ for rent or rented ~) kashi-ya ㈒ᐓ; your house o-taku ࠽Ꮹ household n katei ᐓᗖ; shotái ᡜ ᖈ; household budget n ᐓ゛ housekeeper n kaséi-fu ᐓᨳ፦ houseware n (store) nichiyøhinten ᪝⏕ဗᗉ housewife n shúfu ୹፦



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housework



housework n kaji ᐓ஥ how adv dø ࡜࠹, [DEFERENTIAL] ikága ࠷࠾࠿࣬ዯర; How are you (feeling)? interj Go-kigen (wa) ikága desu ka. ࡇᶭ᎒ࡢ ࠷࠾࠿ >ዯర@࡚ࡌ࠾. O-génki desu ka. ࠽ඔẴ࡚ࡌ࠾.; how come adv dø´-shite ࡜࠹ࡊ࡙; How do you do? interj (on first being introduced) Hajimemáshite. ิࡴࡱࡊ ࡙࣬ࡢࡋࡴࡱࡊ࡙.; how far/long



adv (distance) dono-gurai/ kurai ࡜ࡡన࣬࡜ࡡࡂࡼ࠷; how long adv (time length) ítsu made ࠷ࡗࡱ࡚; ítsu kara ࠷ࡗ ࠾ࡼ; how many adj íkutsu ࠷ࡂ ࡗ; nán-… ర…, íku-… ࠷ࡂ࣬ ᖼ…; how much adj íkura ࠷ࡂ ࡼ, dono-gurai ࡜ࡡన, ika-hodo ࠷࠾ ⛤; dónna ni ࡜ࢆ࡝࡞; how old adj íkutsu ࠷ࡂࡗ; nán-sai ర ṋ; how true interj naru-hodo (sø desu né) ࡝ࡾ࡮࡜>ᠺࡾ⛤@ࡐ ࠹࡚ࡌࡠ however adv kéredo (mo) ࡄࡿ࡜ ࡵ , shikáshi ࡊ࠾ࡊ, démo ࡚ࡵ, dátte ࡓࡖ࡙, tokoróga ࡛ࡆࢀ ࠿, tádashi ࡒࡓࡊ࣬ఢࡊ; (to be sure) móttómo ࡵࡖ࡛ࡵ hug v daki-shimemásu ᢢࡀ⥶ࡴ ࡱࡌ࣬ࡓࡀࡊࡴࡱࡌ huge adj kyodai (na) ᕠኬ࡝ , bakudai (na) Ⳑኬ࣬ࡣࡂࡓ࠷࡝ huh?! exclam hóra! ࡮ࡼ! ; hë ࡫࣭; Interesting, huh?! Omoshiroidesho!? 㟻Ⓣ࠷࡚ࡊࡺ!?, (male) Omoshiroi-daro!? 㟻Ⓣ࠷ࡓࢀ!?



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hull n 1. (of grain, etc.) kawa ⓮, kara Ṿ (of strawberry) heta ࡫ࡒ 2. (of boat) sentai ⯢మ human being n ningen ெ㛣; jínrui ெ㢦; humankind → human being; human feelings/nature n nínjø ெ᝗; human rights n jinken ெᶊ humble adj (modest) kenkyo (na) ㅤ⹣࡝ humid adj (in summer) mushi-atsúi ⵠࡊᬤ࠷, (gets sultry) mushimásu ⵠࡊࡱࡌ; (in winter) shimeppoi ‭ࡖࡰ࠷࣬ࡊࡴࡖࡰ࠷ humiliating adj kuyashíi ᜴ࡊ࠷࣬ ࡂࡷࡊ࠷ humor n yü´moa ࣭࣓ࣗ࢓ hundred n hyakú Ⓤ࣬100 hungry 1. n gets ~ o-naka ga sukimásu ࠽࡝࠾࠿ࡌࡀࡱࡌ, hara ga herimásu ⭙࠿΅ࡽࡱ ࡌ࣬⭙࠿࡫ࡽࡱࡌ 2. adj küfuku (no) ✭⭙ࡡ hunt v kári/ryø´ o shimásu ≹ࡽ ⊗ࢅࡊࡱࡌ hunter n káriudo ≹ெ, ryø´-shi ⊗ ᖅ, hantå ࣀࣤࢰ࣭ hurdle n (obstacle) shøgai(-butsu) 㝸ᐐ∸, (sport) hådoru ࣀ࣭ࢺࣜ hurray! exclam banzái! ୒ṋ࣬ࣁ ࣤࢧ࢕! hurricane n bøfü ᬸ㢴, harikën ࣀ ࣛࢢ࣭ࣤ hurry v isogimásu ᛬ࡁࡱࡌ࣬࠷ ࡐࡁࡱࡌ; tobashimásu 㣍ࡣࡊ ࡱࡌ࡛࣬ࡣࡊࡱࡌ; in a big hurry ø-ísogi (de/no) ኬ᛬ࡁ࡚ࡡ hurt 1. v it ~s (is painful) v itái



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if



⑚࠷࣬࠷ࡒ࠷ 2. v gets ~ kegá o shimásu ࡄ࠿>ᛱᠻ@ࢅࡊࡱࡌ 3. adj (injures) itamemásu ഭࡴࡱ ࡌ; (damages) sokonaimásu ᥾࡝ ࠷ࡱࡌ࣬ࡐࡆ࡝࠷ࡱࡌ 4. n kizu ഭ, kega ࡄ࠿, kutsü ⱖ⑚ husband n otto ኰ, shújin ୹ெ;



husband and wife n fü´fu ኰ፦; my husband otto ኰ, shújin ୹ெ, taku Ꮹ; your husband go-shújin ࡇ୹ெ hut n koya ᑚᒁ࣬ࡆࡷ hydrogen n súiso Ề⣪ hygiene n eisei ⾠⏍



I I n [FORMAL for male] watashi ࢂࡒࡊ࣬⚶, [FORMAL] watakushi ࢂࡒࡂࡊ࣬⚶; (male) boku ࡯ࡂ ࣬ൃ; (male, unrefined) ore ࠽ࡿ ࢛࣬ࣝ࣬ದ; (female) atashi ࠵ࡒ ࡊ; I see! interj naru-hodo ࡝ࡾ࡮ ࡜࣬ᠺࡾ⛤, wakatta ࢂ࠾ࡖࡒ࣬ ฦ࠾ࡖࡒ ice n køri ể࣬ࡆ࠽ࡽ icebox n reizø´ko ෫ⶮᗔ, reitø´ko ෫෼ᗔ → refrigerator ice cream n aisu-kuríimu ࢓࢕ࢪࢠ ࣭࣑ࣛ icon n 1. (computer) aikon ࢓࢕ࢤ ࣤ; ~ box aikon-bokkusu ࢓࢕ࢤ ࣤ࣬࣍ࢴࢠࢪ 2. (image) zø ാ; icon memory n zanzø ṟാ idea n (thought) kangáe ⩻࠻࣬࠾ ࢆ࠿࠻, omóitsuki ᛦ࠷ࡗࡀ; kokoro atari ᚨᙔࡒࡽ; (opinion) íken ណず, (your opinion) go-íken ࡇណず; aidéa ࢓࢕ࢸ࢓; (intention, aim) nerai ≲࠷ → rough idea ideal adj risø-teki (na) ⌦᝷Ⓩ࡝ ;



(most desirable) motte-kói (no) ࡵࡖ࡙ࡆ࠷ࡡ



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identical adj hitoshíi ➴ࡊ࠷࣬ࡥ࡛ ࡊ࠷ → same; identical twins n ichiransei-søsëji ୌ༵ᛮཫ⏍ඡ identified; gets ~ shiremásu ▩ࡿ ࡱࡌ identity card n mibun-shømei-sho ㌗ฦチ᪺᭡, ai dii-kådo ,'࣭࢜ࢺ ideology n ideorogii ࢕ࢸ࢛࣭ࣞ࢟, kannen びᛍ, shisø ᛦ᝷, kangae ⩻࠻ idiot n (fool) báka ࡣ࠾࣬ࣁ࢜, manuke 㛣ᢜࡄ࣬ࡱ࡟ࡄ idle 1. v (is lazy) namakemásu ᛨࡄࡱࡌ࣬࡝ࡱࡄࡱࡌ 2. adj muda (na) ↋㥇࣬ࡳࡓ࡝ ; idle talk baka/muda-bánashi ࡣ࠾↋ 㥇ヨ idleness n taida ᛨ᝴, bushø ↋⢥ i.e. adv sunawachi ࡌ࡝ࢂࡔ, iikaereba ゕ࠷ᥦ࠻ࡿࡣ if conj móshi … (shi-) tára ࡵࡊ… ࡊ ࡒࡼ; … (no) ba(w)ai … ࡡ ሔྙ; if by any chance conj mán’ichi ୒ୌ; if you prefer/like conj nan-nára ࡝ࢆ࡝ࡼ; if I remember rightly conj táshika ☔



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ignition



࠾࣬ࡒࡊ࠾; if you don’t mind conj yoroshikáttara ࡻࢀࡊ࠾ࡖࡒࡼ࣬ ᏿ࡊ࠾ࡖࡒࡼ; nan-nára ࡝ࢆ࡝ ࡼ; if you don’t want to/if you like conj nan-nára ࡝ࢆ࡝ࡼ; if there be conj áreba ࠵ࡿࡣ, árya ࠵ࡽࡶ ignition n tenka Ⅴℾ; (car) ~ switch (kuruma no) tenka suítchi ㌬ࡡ Ⅴℾࢪ࢕ࢴࢲ ignorance n muchi ↋▩ ignore v múshi shimásu ↋ちࡊࡱࡌ ikebana n ikebana ⏍ࡄⰴ࣬࠷ࡄ ࡣ࡝ ill → sick; bad illegal adj fuhø (no) ୘Ἢࡡ , ihø (no) 㐢Ἢࡡ ; illegal work(er) n fuhø shürø(-sha) ୘Ἢᑯຘ⩽ illicit adj yamí no 㜄ࡡ࣬ࡷࡲࡡ, fuhø (na) ୘Ἢ࡝ mumenkyo (no) 無免許ࡡ  illness n byøki ⑋Ẵ illuminate v terashimásu ↯ࡼࡊࡱ ࡌ࡙࣬ࡼࡊࡱࡌ illumination n iruminëshon ࢕࣐ࣜ ࢾ࣭ࢨࣘࣤ, shømei ↯᪺ illustration n zukai ᅒゆ, irasuto (rëshon) ࢕ࣚࢪࢹ࣭ࣝࢨࣘࣤ ill-will n (resentment) uramí ᜗ࡲ࣬ ࠹ࡼࡲ, (hostile feeling) teki-i ᩓណ image n (ga)zø ⏤ ാ, imëji ࢕࣒ ࣭ࢩ, (video picture) eizø ᫆ാ;



søzø-ryoku ᝷ാງ, søzø ᝷ാ imagine v søzø shimásu ᝷ാࡊࡱ ࡌ → suppose, think imbalance n fu-antei ୘Ꮽᏽ, anbaransu ࢓ࣤࣁࣚࣤࢪ imbecile 1. adj teinø (na) ఩⬳࡝ 2. n teinø na hito ఩⬳࡝ெ imitate v … no mane o shimásu …ࡡࡱࡠ>┷జ@ࢅࡊࡱࡌ, …o manemásu …ࢅࡱࡠ>┷జ@ࡊࡱ ࡌ, nisemásu జࡎࡱࡌ imitation n 1. (man-made) jinzø ெ ㏸; (fake) nise അ, mozø-hin ᶅ㏸ ဗ, nise-mono അ∸ 2. (mimicry) mane ࡱࡠ࣬┷జ immediate adj tømen (no) ᙔ㟻ࡡ , mokuzen (no) ┘๑ࡡ immediately adv súgu (ni) ࡌࡃ ࡞ , sassokú ᪡㏷࣬ࡈࡖࡐࡂ, jiki (ni) ࡋࡀ࡞ , tádachi-ni ├ࡔ࡞࣬ࡒࡓࡔ࡞; (without waiting) matánaide ᙽࡒ࡝࠷࡚ immense adj tái-shita ኬࡊࡒ࣬ࡒ ࠷ࡊࡒ; bakudai (na) Ⳑኬ࣬ࡣ ࡂࡓ࠷࡝ immigrant n imin ⛛Ằ immigration n (entry) nyükoku ථ ᅗ; immigration office n nyükoku kanri-kyoku ථᅗ⟮⌦ᑻ imminent adj sashisematta ᕣࡊ㏍ ࡖࡒ࣬ࡈࡊࡎࡱࡖࡒ, majika (no) 㛣㎾ࡡ (psychological, social) imë´ji immorality n fu-dø´toku ୘㐠ᚠ ࢕࣒࣭ࢩ immortal adj fu-shi (no) ୘Ṓ imaginary adj kakü (no) ᯣ✭ࡡ , ࡡ ; fu-metsu (no) ୘⁓ࡡ ; søzøjø (no) ᝷ാ୕ࡡ fu-kyü (no) ୘ᮑࡡ ; immortal soul imagination n (imaginative power) n fu-shi no tamashii ୘Ṓࡡ㨞;



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in



immortal work n fu-kyü no meisaku ୘ᮑࡡྞష immunization n yobø-chüsha ஢㜭 Ἰᑏ impartial adj køhei (na) පᖲ࡝ ; køsei (na) පḿ࡝ impartiality n køsei පḿ impatient adj ki ga mijikái Ẵ࠿▯ ࠷࣬Ẵ࠿ࡲࡋ࠾࠷ impediment n shøgai 㝸ᐐ; (hindrance) sashitsukae ᕣࡊᨥ࠻࣬ ࡈࡊࡗ࠾࠻ imperial adj téikoku (no) ᖀᅗࡡ impertinent adj namaiki (na) ⏍ណ Ẵ࣬࡝ࡱ࠷ࡀ࡝ impetus n hazumi ᙆࡲ࣬ࡢࡍࡲ impish adj itazura na ࠷ࡒࡍࡼ࡝, wanpaku na ࢂࢆࡤࡂ࡝ implant 1. n (tooth) sáshi-ba ᕣࡊ ṉ, (medical) ishoku ⛛᳔ 2. v umekomimásu ᇔࡴ㎰ࡲࡱ ࡌ, ishoku shimásu ⛛᳔ࡊࡱࡌ implement 1. n (tool) yø´gu ⏕ර; (apparatus) kígu ჹර 2. v (to carry out) jik-kø shimásu ᐁ⾔ ࡊࡱࡌ imply v 1. fukumimásu ྱࡲࡱ ࡌ࣬ࡨࡂࡲࡱࡌ 2. → hint impolite adj búrei (na) ↋♡࡝ , shitsúrei (na) ኶♡࣬ࡊࡗࡿ࠷ ࡝ import v yunyü shimásu ㍲ථࡊࡱ ࡌ; (goods) yunyü-hin ㍲ථဗ importance; a matter of ~ dáijí ኬ ஥, jü-dái-ji 㔔ኬ஥ important adj jüyø (na) 㔔こ࡝ , taisetsu (na) ኬว࣬ࡒ࠷ࡎࡗ࡝ ,



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jüdai (na) 㔔ኬ࡝ , (precious) daijí (na) ኬ஥࡝ ; tái-shita (kotó) ኬࡊࡒ࣬ࡒ࠷ࡊࡒ஥>ࡆ ࡛@ ; omoi 㔔࠷࣬࠽ࡵ࠷ impose; ~ it v kuwaemásu ຊ࠻ࡱ ࡌ࣬ࡂࢂ࠻ࡱࡌ imposition n 1. (forcible) kyøsei ᙁ โ 2. (obligation) gimu ⩇ຸ impossible adj dekínai ฝᮮ࡝࠷࣬ ࡚ࡀ࡝࠷, fukánø (na) ୘ྊ⬗ ࡝ ; impossible! interj másaka ࡱࡈ࠾ imposter n sagi-shi ノḥᖅ impotent adj muryoku (na) ↋ງ ࡝ impression n inshø ༰㇗ impressive adj inshø-teki (na) ༰ ㇗Ⓩ࡝ imprisonment n tøgoku ᢖ⊱ improve v 1. (it ~s) naorimásu ├ࡽࡱࡌ࣬࡝࠽ࡽࡱࡌ, yóku narimásu Ⰳࡂ࡝ࡽࡱࡌ࣬ࡻࡂ࡝ ࡽࡱࡌ 2. (~s it) naoshimásu ├ ࡊࡱࡌ࣬࡝࠽ࡊࡱࡌ, yóku shimásu Ⰳࡂࡊࡱࡌ࣬ࡻࡂࡊࡱࡌ impudent adj atsukamashii ཉ࠾ࡱ ࡊ࠷࣬࠵ࡗ࠾ࡱࡊ࠷, züzüshii ࡍ ࠹ࡍ࠹ࡊ࠷࣬ᅒࠍࡊ࠷ impulse n hazumi ᙆࡲ࣬ࡢࡍࡲ, shigeki ๆ⃥shødø ⾢ິ impulsive adj shødø-teki (na) ⾢ິ Ⓩ࡝ impunity n buji ↋஥ in prep … de … ࡚, (located in) …ni …࡞; (inside) …no náka (de/ni) …ࡡ୯࣬…ࡡ࡝࠾࡚࡞ ; (resident in) zai- … ᅹ…; come in



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inadvertently



v (… ni) háitte kimásu …࡞ ථ ࡖ࡙ᮮࡱࡌ࣬ࡢ࠷ࡖ࡙ࡀࡱࡌ; go in v (… ni) hairimásu …࡞ථࡽ ࡱࡌ, háitte ikimásu ථࡖ࡙⾔ࡀ ࡱࡌ inadvertently adv tsúi ࡗ࠷, ukkari ࠹ࡖ࠾ࡽ inadvisable adj mazúi ࡱࡍ࠷ inbound (to Tokyo) adj nobori (no) ୕ࡽࡡ incense n kø 㤮࣬ࢤࢗ; (o-)sénkø ࠽⥲㤮, sénkø ⥲㤮࣬ࢬࣤࢤࢗ inception n kaishi 㛜ጙ, hajimari ࡢࡋࡱࡽ࣬ጙࡱࡽ incessantly adv shikiri-ni ࡊࡀࡽ࡞ incest n kinshin søkan ㎾の┞ጩ incentive n døki ິᶭ inch n (…)ínchi … ࢕ࣤࢲ; (Japanese) (…-) sún … ᑇ incident n jíken ஥௲, jíhen ஥ን incidentally adv (by the way) sore wa sø´ to ࡐࡿࡢࡐ࠹࡛, tokoró de ࡛ࡆࢀ࡚, chinami ni ࡔ࡝ࡲ >ᅄࡲ@࡞, tsuide ni ࡗ࠷࡚࡞, tokí ni ᫤࡞࡛࣬ࡀ࡞ incision n sekkai ว㛜 incite v aorimásu ࠵࠽ࡽࡱࡌ, shigeki shimásu ๆ⃥ࡊࡱࡌ inclination n katamuki ലࡀ࣬࠾ࡒ ࡳࡀ; (intention) ikø ណྡྷ include v iremásu ථࡿࡱࡌ࣬࠷ ࡿࡱࡌ, komemásu ㎰ࡴࡱࡌ, fukumemásu ྱࡴࡱࡌ࣬ࡨࡂࡴ ࡱࡌ; (covers all items) mø´ra shimásu ⥑⨮ࡊࡱࡌ income n shotoku ᡜᚋ, shünyü ཭ථ; income tax n shotokú-zei



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ᡜᚋ⛧ inconsistent adj is ~ mujun shite imásu □┢ࡊ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ inconvenience 1. n (trouble taken) tesü´ ᡥᩐ, tékazu ᡥᩐ, futsugø ୘㒌ྙ 2. ... ni meiwaku/tesü o kakemásu ...࡞㏖ᝠᡥᩐࢅ ᤻ࡄࡱࡌ inconvenient adj fúben (na) ୘౼ ࡝ ; fújiyü (na) ୘⮤⏜࡝ increase 1. v (it ~s/~s it) mashimásu ቌࡊࡱࡌ࣬ࡱࡊࡱࡌ; (it / they ~(s)) fuemásu ቌ࠻ࡱࡌ࣬ࡨ ࠻ࡱࡌ, (~s it/them) fuyashimásu ቌࡷࡊࡱࡌ࣬ࡨࡷࡊࡱࡌ 2. n (an ~) mashi ቌࡊ; zøka ቌຊ, zødai ቌኬ, zøshin ቌ㐅 incur v (unfair treatment, tribulation) kømurimásu ⿍ࡽࡱࡌ࣬ࡆ ࠹ࡳࡽࡱࡌ indecent adj gehín (na) ୖဗ࡝ ; (obscene) waisetsu (na) ࢂ࠷ࡎ ࡗ࣬⊚〦࡝ indeed adv honto ni ࡮ࢆ࡛࡞࣬ᮇ ᙔ࡞, hontø ni ࡮ࢆ࡛࠹࡞࣬ᮇᙔ ࡞, jitsú ni ᐁ࡞࣬ࡋࡗ࡞, tashika ni ☔࠾࡞࣬ࡒࡊ࠾࡞; (of course) móttomo ࡵࡖ࡛ࡵ࣬᭩ࡵ; (as one would expect) sasuga (ni) ࡈ ࡌ࠿࡞ indefinite adj futei (no) ୘ᏽࡡ , fumeiryø (na) ୘᪺▉࡝ indemnity n baishø(-kin) ㈲㈱㔘 ,



(indemnity allowance) hoshøkin ⿭㈱㔘 independent adj dokuritsu shita … ≺❟ࡊࡒ…; is ~ dokuritsu shite 466



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inexperienced



imásu ≺❟ࡊ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ index n sakuin ⣬ᘤ࣬ࡈࡂ࠷ࢆ, midashi ずฝࡊ࣬ࡲࡓࡊ India n Índo ࢕ࣤࢺ indicate v shimeshimásu ♟ࡊࡱࡌ ࣬ࡊࡴࡊࡱࡌ; sashimásu ᣞࡊࡱ ࡌ࣬ࡈࡊࡱࡌ; shiteki shimásu ᣞᦤࡊࡱࡌ, shíji shimásu ᣞ♟ ࡊࡱࡌ indication n shíji ᣞ♟, (token, sign) shirushi ࡊࡾࡊ࣬༰ indicator n (car) uinkå ࢗ࢕࣭ࣤ࢜ indict v kiso shimásu ㉫セࡊࡱࡌ indictment n kiso ㉫セ indifferent to … adj ni mu-kánshin (no) … ࡞↋㛭ᚨࡡ indigent n (people) hinkon-sha ㈃ᅏ⩽ indigestion n shøka-fúryø ᾐ໩୘Ⰳ indignant; adj gets ~ fungai shimásu ៵់ࡊࡱࡌ, ikidørimásu ៵ࡽࡱ ࡌ࣬࠷ࡀ࡜࠽ࡽࡱࡌ indignation n fungai ៵់, ikidøri ៵ࡽ࣬࠷ࡀ࡜࠽ࡽ indignity n bujoku ౱㎧, kutsujoku ᑿ㎧ indirect adj kansetsu (no) 㛣᥃ࡡ ; indirect lighting n kansetsu shømei 㛣᥃↯᪺; indirect medical cost n kansetsu iryøhi 㛣᥃༈⒢㈕ indiscreet adj keisotsu (na) ㍅ ⋙࡝ indiscriminate adj musabetsu (no) ↋ᕣืࡡ , yatara na ࡷࡒࡼ ࡝, mechakucha (na) ࡴࡔࡶࡂࡔ ࡶ࣒࣬ࢲࣔࢠࢲࣔ࡝ indiscriminately adv yatara ni ࡷࡒ



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ࡼ࡞, múyami ni ࡳࡷࡲ࡞ indispensable adj hissu (no) ᚪ㡪 ࡡ , fukaketsu (no) ୘ྊḖࡡ individual 1. adj kojin-teki (na) ಴ ெⓏ࡝ 2. n (a person) kójin ಴ெ individually adv betsu betsu ni ื ࠍ࡞ indolence n taida ᛨ᝴, namake ᛨ ࡄ࣬࡝ࡱࡄ Indonesia n Indonéshia ࢕ࣤࢺࢾ ࢨ࢓ indoors adv uchi (no náka) de/ni ᐓࡡ୯ ࡚࡞ indulgent adj kandai (na) ᐰኬ࡝ , amai ⏉࠷ industrialization n kø´gyø-ka ᕝᴏ ໩, sangyø-ka ⏐ᴏ໩ industrious adj kinben (na) ໂຫ ࡝ industry n kø´gyø ᕝᴏ, sangyø ⏐ ᴏ, gyøkai ᴏ⏲; industry analyst n gyøkai anarisuto ᴏ⏲࢓ࢻࣛࢪࢹ inept adj hetá (na) ࡫ࡒ>ୖᡥ@࡝ inequality n hu-køhei ୘පᖲ, fu-byødø ୘ᖲ➴ inertia n (physics) kansei ៈᛮ, dasei ᝴ᛮ inevitable adj yondokoro-nái ࡻࢆ ࡜ࡆࢀ࡝࠷࣬ᣈࢆᡜ↋࠷, shikata-nái ௘᪁࡝࠷࣬ࡊ࠾ࡒ࡝࠷ inevitably adv kanarazu ᚪࡍ࣬࠾ ࡝ࡼࡍ; nán to shitémo ర࡛ࡊ࡙ ࡵ࣬࡝ࢆ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡵ; iyaø-naku ࠷ࡷ࠽࠹>ྫྷᚺ@࡝ࡂ inexpensive adj yasui Ꮽ࠷ inexperienced adj keiken busoku



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inexpert



(no) ⤊㥺୘㊂ࡡ inexpert adj hetá (na) ࡫ࡒ>ୖᡥ@ ࡝ infancy n (childhood) yønen-ki ᖺᖳ᭿ infant n yø´ji ᖺඡ, shø´ni ᑚඡ, akanbø ㉝ࢆᆎ࣬࠵࠾ࢆ࡯࠹, aka-chan ㉝ࡔࡶࢆ infantry n hohei Ṅඹ infection n 1. kansen វ᯹ 2. (infectious disease) densenbyø ఎ᯹⑋; virus infection uirusu kansen ࢗ࢕ࣜࢪវ᯹ inference n suitei ᥆ᏽ inferior adj furyø (no) ୘Ⰳࡡ ; is ~ ochimásu ⴘࡔࡱࡌ࣬࠽ࡔࡱ ࡌ, otorimásu ຋ࡽࡱࡌ࣬࠽࡛ࡽ ࡱࡌ; yuzurimásu ㆙ࡽࡱࡌ࣬ࡹ ࡍࡽࡱࡌ makemásu ㇿࡄࡱࡌ࣬ ࡱࡄࡱࡌ inflation n infure ࢕ࣤࣆࣝ influence n (effect) eikyø ᙫ㡢, … séi …ࡎ࠷; (power) séiryoku ເງ influential adj yüryoku (na) ᭯ງ ࡝ influenza → flu inform v kikasemásu ⪲࠾ࡎࡱࡌ, shirasemásu ▩ࡼࡎࡱࡌ࣬ࡊࡼ ࡎࡱࡌ, tsugemásu ࿈ࡅࡱࡌ࣬ࡗ ࡅࡱࡌ; (instructs) oshiemásu ᩅ࠻ࡱࡌ࣬࠽ࡊ࠻ࡱࡌ; (tells) mimí ni iremásu ⪝࡞ථࡿࡱࡌ informal adj hi-kø´shiki (no) 㟸 පᘟࡡ information n jøhø ᝗ሒ, shirase ▩ ࡼࡎ࣬ࡊࡼࡎ; (reception desk)



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uke-tsuke ུ௛ information desk n annai-jo ᱄හᡜ, furonto ࣆࣞࣤࢹ information technology, IT n jøhø gijutsu ᝗ሒᢇ⾙, jøhø køgaku ᝗ ሒᕝᏕ, infomëshon tekunorojii ࢕ࣤࣆ࢚࣒࣭ࢨࣘࣤ࣬ࢷࢠࢿࣞ ࢩ࣭ informer n mikkoku-sha ᐠ࿈⩽, jøhø-ya ᝗ሒᒁ, jøhø-teikyø-sha ᝗ሒᥞ౩⩽ infotainment n (documentary film) dokyumentarii dorama ࢺ࣒࢞ࣖ ࣤࢰ࣭ࣛࢺ࣏ࣚ infrequent adj tama no ࡒࡱࡡ, mare na ࡱࡿ>⛝@࡝ infrequently adv tama ni ࡒࡱ࡞, mare ni ࡱࡿ>⛝@࡞ infringement n ihan 㐢ཬ infusion n chünyü Ἰථ, yueki ㍲ᾦ ingredient n (component) séibun ᠺฦ; (cooking ~) shokuzai 㣏ᮞ inherit v (succeeds to) tsugimásu ⤽ࡁࡱࡌ injection n chüsha Ἰᑏ; preventive injection yobø-chüsha ஢㜭Ἰᑏ injure v 1. kega (o) saseru ᛱᠻ ࢅ ࡈࡎࡾ, itamemásu ഭࡴࡱ ࡌ; (damages it) sokonaimásu ᥾ ࡝࠷ࡱࡌ 2. ~s it kizu tsukemásu ഭࡗࡄࡱࡌ; kega o sasemásu ᛱ ᠻࢅࡈࡎࡱࡌ injury n kegá ࡄ࠿࣬ᛱᠻ ink n inki ࢕ࣤ࢞, inku ࢕ࣤࢠ inland adj (domestic) kokúnai (no) ᅗහࡡ …-in-law adj girí no … ⩇⌦ࡡ…



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instructions



inlet n (opening) kuchi ཾ inn n (Japanese-style) ryokan ᪉ 㤃; yado-ya ᐙᒁ, yádo ᐙ inner adj 1. (inside) naibu no හ 㒂ࡡ, uchigawa no හഁࡡ 2. (secret) kakureta 㝻ࡿࡒ 3.(one’s mind) naimen-teki na හ㟻Ⓩ࡝; inner moat n uchi-bori හᇷࡽ innocent adj (naive) mújaki (na) ↋㑟Ẵ࡝ ; múku (na) ↋ᇃ࡝ ; (not guilty) múzai (no) ↋⨝ࡡ ; innocent lie n warugi no nai uso ᝇ Ẵࡡ࡝࠷Ⴭ>࠹ࡐ@ innumerable adj musü (no) ↋ᩐ ࡡ , kazoe-kire nai ᩐ࠻วࡿ࡝࠷ inoculation n yobø-chü´sha ஢㜭 Ἰᑏ inpatient n nyüin-kanja ථ㝌ᝀ⩽ inquire v toimásu ၡ࠷ࡱࡌ → ask inquiry n (o-)toiawase ࠽ ၡ࠷ྙ ࢂࡎ; (o-)ukagai࠽ చ࠷; (survey) chø´sa ㄢᰕ inquisitive adj monózukí (na) ∸ይ ࡀ࡝ insane adj ki-chigái (no) Ẵ㐢࠷ ࡡ ; goes ~ ki ga kuruimásu Ẵ ࠿≤࠷ࡱࡌ≤࠹, ≤ࡖ࡙ insect n konchü ᪳⹰࣬ࢤࣤࢲࣖ ࢗ, (bug) mushi ⹰࣑࣬ࢨ insecticide n bøchü-zai 㜭⹰๠ insert v sashi-komimásu ᕣࡊ㎰ ࡲࡱࡌ࣬ࡈࡊࡆࡲࡱࡌ (puts it between) hasamimásu ᣫࡲࡱ ࡌ࣬ࡢࡈࡲࡱࡌ inside adj, adv, prep (… no) náka (de/ni) …ࡡ ୯࡚࡞ , …-nai



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…හ; (among) (… no) uchí(de/ ni) …ࡡ ୯࡚࡞ ; the ~ uchigawa හഁ, uchiwa හ㍧, okunai ᒁහ; is ~ háitte imásu ථࡖ࡙࠷ ࡱࡌ; inside and out adv ① náigai no හአࡡ ② nani mo ka mo ర ࡵ࠾ࡵ; inside information n naibujøhø හ㒂᝗ሒ insipid adj ajike-nái ࿝Ẵ࡝࠷ inspect v kénsa/kansatsu shimásu ᳠ᰕ┐ᐳࡊࡱࡌ inspection n kénsa ᳠ᰕ, kansatsu ┐ᐳ install v sonaemásu ങ࠻ࡱࡌ࣬ࡐ ࡝࠻ࡱࡌ installation n shisetsu ᪃シ installment(s) n kappu/wappu ๪ ㈷; (monthly payments) geppu ᭮㈷, bunkatsu barai ฦ๪ᡮ࠷; installment savings n tsumitatekin ✒❟㔘 instance n (example) tatoe ౚ ࠻࣬ࡒ࡛࠻, tatoi ౚ࠷࣬ࡒ࡛࠷, réi ౚ, ichi-rei ୌౚ; for instance tatóeba ౚ࠻ࡣ࣬ࡒ࡛࠻ࡣ instant n (moment) shunkan █㛣, sétsuna ࡎࡗ࡝࣬ๅ㑛; in an instant tachimachi (ni) ࡒࡔࡱࡔ࡞ , súgu ࡌࡃ, tossa ni ࡛ࡖࡈ࡞ instead adv (sono) kawari ni ࡐ ࡡ ௥ࢂࡽ࡞ institute n (research) kenkyü-jo ◂✪ᡜ; institute director n shochø ᡜ㛏 institution n shisetsu ᪃シ instruct → teach instructions n (directions) sáshizu



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instructor



ᣞᅒ, shíji ᣞ♟; (written explanation) setsumei-sho ㄕ᪺᭡ instructor n 1. kyø´shi ᩅᖅ, senséi ඙⏍ 2. (sports) insutorakutå ࢕ ࣤࢪࢹࣚࢠࢰ࣭ instrument n (implement) yø´gu ⏕ර; (mechanism) kikái ᶭ᲌, kikan ᶭ㛭; (musical) gakki ᴞჹ insufficiency n fusoku ୘㊂, … -búsoku …୘㊂ insufficient adj tarimasén ㊂ࡽࡱࡎ ࢆ࣬ࡒࡽࡱࡎࢆ insulate v zetsuen shimásu ⤧⦍ ࡊࡱࡌ insult n, v bujoku (shimásu) ౱㎧ ࡊࡱࡌ insurance n hoken ಕ㝜 insure (it) v (… ni) hoken o kakemásu …࡞ ಕ㝜ࢅ࠾ࡄ ࡱࡌ intact adj sono mamá (de/no) ࡐ ࡡࡱࡱ࡚ࡡ , mu-kizu (no) ↋ ഭࡡ integrate v ... o matomemásu ...ࢅ ࡱ࡛ࡴࡱࡌ, tøitsushimásu ⤣ ୌࡊࡱࡌ integrity n seijitsu ㄌᐁ, shøjiki ḿ├ intellectual adj chiteki (na) ▩Ⓩ ࡝ intelligence n 1. (information) jøhø ᝗ሒ 2. chisei ▩ᛮ, chinø ▩⬗ intelligent adj chiteki (na) ▩Ⓩ ࡝ , rikø (na) ฺཾ࡝ intend v ~ (to do) (suru) tsumori désuࡌࡾ ࡗࡵࡽ࡚ࡌ intention n tsumori ࡗࡵࡽ, íto ណ



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ᅒ, íshi ណᛦ; (aim) nerai ≲࠷࣬ ࡠࡼ࠷ intentionally adv wazato ࢂࡉ࡛, takuránde ௺ࢆ࡚ → [on] purpose intercourse n (social) shakø ♣ஹ; (sexual) seikø ᛮஹ interest 1. n (on money) risoku ฺ ᜝, ríshi ฺᏄ, rí ฺ; (pleasure) kyø´mí ⮾࿝, shúmi ㉻࿝; (relevance) kankei 㛭౿, (concern) kanshin 㛭ᚨ 2. v ... no kyômi o hikimásu ...ࡡ⮾࿝ࢅᘤࡀࡱࡌ interesting adj omoshirói ࠽ࡵࡊ ࢀ࠷࣬㟻Ⓣ࠷, kyømi-bukái ⮾ ࿝῕࠷ interfere v jama ni narimásu ࡋ ࡶࡱ>㑟㨩@࡞࡝ࡽࡱࡌ, jama o shimásu ࡋࡶࡱ>㑟㨩@ࢅࡊࡱࡌ, kanshø shimásu ᖱῦࡊࡱࡌ interference n jama ࡋࡶࡱ࣬㑟㨩; (meddling) kanshø ᖱῦ interior n okunai ᒁහ, shitsunai ᐄහ uchigawa හഁ; interior decoration interia dezain ࢕ࣤࢷࣛ ࢓ࢸࢧ࢕ࣤ interjection n (word) kantø´shi 㛣ᢖペ intermediary n chükai-sha ௯௒⩽, shøkai-sha ⣺௒⩽ intermission n (between acts) makuai ᖞ࠵࠷࣬ᖞ㛣 internal adj 1. náibu (no) හ㒂 ࡡ , nai-teki (na) හⓏ࡝ 2. (to the nation) kokúnai (no) ᅗ හࡡ , náichi (no) හᆀࡡ 3.



(within the office/company) shánai (no) ♣හࡡ ; internal evi470



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Iran



dence nai-teki shø´ko හⓏチᣈ international adj kokusai-teki (na) ᅗ㝷Ⓩ࡝ ; (worldwide) sekaiteki (na) ୠ⏲Ⓩ࡝ Internet n (world wide web) (intå) netto ࢕ࣤࢰ࣭ ࢾࢴࢹ interpret v tsü´yaku shimásu ㏳ズ ࡊࡱࡌ; (explains, construes) káishaku shimásu ゆ㔐ࡊࡱࡌ interpretation n tsü´yaku ㏳ズ; káishaku ゆズ interrupt v (with a remark) (…no



hanashí ni) kuchi o hasamimásu …ࡡヨ࡞ ཾࢅࡢࡲࡱࡌ interruption n (suspension) teishi ೳḾ; shadan 㐵᩷; (remark) sashideguchi ᕣࡊฝཾ intersection (of streets) n køsaten ஹᕣⅤ, yotsu-kado ᄿࡗぽ interval n aida 㛣࣬࠵࠷ࡓ, ma 㛣; kankaku 㛣㝰 interview n 1. kaiken ఌず 2. taimen మ㟻 3. (meeting with) menkai 㟻ఌ 4. (job ~) mensetsu 㟻᥃, intabyü ࢕ࣤࢰࣄ࣭ࣖ; press interview n kisha kaiken エ⩽ఌず intestines n harawata ࡢࡼࢂࡒ࣬ ⭘, watá ࢂࡒ࣬⭘, chø ⭘ intimate adj shitashíi のࡊ࠷࣬ࡊ ࡒࡊ࠷; missetsu (na) ᐠ᥃࡝ intimidate v kowagarasemásu ᛟ࠿ ࡼࡎࡱࡌ intolerable adj tamarimasén ࡒࡱࡽ ࡱࡎࢆ, taeraremasén ⪇࠻ࡼࡿࡱ ࡎࢆ intoxication n yoi 㓁࠷ intramural adj kø´nai (no) ᰧහ



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ࡡ , chø´nai/shinai (no) ⏣ᕰ හࡡ intricate adj (situation, subject) komi-itta ㎰ࡲථࡖࡒ introduction n (go-)shøkai ࡇ ⣺௒ intrude v (to force) oshi-tsukémásu ᢪࡊ௛ࡄࡱࡌ࣬࠽ࡊࡗࡄࡱࡌ intuition n chokkan ├び࣬├វ invalid 1. adj (not valid) mukø (na) ↋ຝ࡝ 2. n (ill person) byønin ⑋ெ invasion n shinryaku ౴␆ invention n hatsumei Ⓠ᪺ inventory n mokuroku ┘㘋, zaiko ᅹᗔ; (~ list) zaiko-hyø ᅹᗔ⾪ invest v oroshimásu ୖࢀࡊࡱࡌ࣬ ࠽ࢀࡊࡱࡌ; tøshi shimásu ᢖ㈠ ࡊࡱࡌ investigate v shirabemásu ㄢ࡬ࡱ ࡌ࣬ࡊࡼ࡬ࡱࡌ; kiwamemásu ✪ࡴࡱࡌ; kentø shimásu ᳠ゞ ࡊࡱࡌ investigation n 1. (research) chøsa ㄢᰕ 2. (study) kenkyü ◂✪ invisible n (mé ni) miemasén ┘ ࡞ ず࠻ࡱࡎࢆ invitation n sasoi ㄇ࠷, shø´tai ᣅ ᙽ; (card) shøtái-jø ᣅᙽ≟ invite v yobimásu ࿣ࡦࡱࡌ࣬ࡻࡦ ࡱࡌ, sasoimásu ㄇ࠷ࡱࡌ࣬ࡈࡐ ࠷ࡱࡌ, manekimásu ᣅࡀࡱࡌ࣬ ࡱࡠࡀࡱࡌ, shøtai shimásu ᣅᙽ ࡊࡱࡌ, mukaemásu ㎼࠻ࡱࡌ࣬ ࡳ࠾࠻ࡱࡌ involuntary adj muíshiki (no/na) ↋ណㆉࡡ࡝ Iran n Iran ࢕ࣚࣤ



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Iraq



Iraq n Iraku ࢕ࣚࢠ Ireland n Airurándo ࢓࢕ࣜࣚࣤࢺ iris n (eye) køsai ⹷ᙤ iron n (metal) tetsu 㕪࡙࣬ࡗ; (clothes iron) airon ࢓࢕ࣞࣤ ironic adj hiniku (na) ⓮⫏࡝ irregular adj fukísóku (na) ୘ぜ์ ࡝ irrelevant to … adj to mu-kánkei (no) …࡛↋㛭౿ࡡ irresponsible adj mu-sékinin (na) ↋㈈௴࡝ irrigation n kangai Ⅎ⁽࣬࠾ࢆ࠿࠷ irritate v jirashimasu ࡋࡼࡊࡱࡌ, irairasasemasu ࢕ࣚ࢕ࣚࡈࡎࡱࡌ gets irritated/is irritating shaku ni sawarimásu ࡊࡶࡂ>Ⓕ@࡞ࡈ ࢂࡽࡱࡌ is (am, are, be); v 1. (it is) … désu ࡚ࡌ 2. (there is; it is there) arimásu ࠵ࡽࡱࡌ 3. (person is there) imásu ࠷ࡱࡌ Islam n Isuramu-kyø ࢕ࢪ࣑ࣚᩅ, kaikyø ᅂᩅ island n shimá ᓞ; (group of) islands …-shótø …ㅎᓞ, (archipelago) rettø าᓞ, …-réttø … าᓞ (-)ism n, suffix shúgi ୹⩇ isn’t (aren’t) 1. v (it isn’t) …ja arimasén …ࡋࡶ࠵ࡽࡱࡎࢆ 2. (there



isn’t) arimasén ࠵ࡽࡱࡎࢆ isolation n koritsu Ꮣ❟ Israel n Isuraeru ࢕ࢪ࢙ࣚࣜ Israeli n Isuraeru-jin ࢕ࢪ࢙ࣚࣜெ issue 1. n hakkø(butsu) Ⓠ⾔∸ ; (magazine issues) -gatsu-gø ᭮ྒ 2. v (publishes) hakkø shimásu Ⓠ ⾔ࡊࡱࡌ → put out it pron sore ࡐࡿ (but usually omitted) italic n itarikku(-tai) ࢕ࢰࣛࢴࢠ మ ; shatai ᩫమ Italy n Itaria ࢕ࢰࣛ࢓ itch n kayúmi ࠾ࡹࡲ࣬⑓ࡲ itchy adj kayúi ࠾ࡹ࠷࣬⑓࠷; múzumuzu suru ࡳࡍࡳࡍࡌࡾ item n 1. kømoku 㡧┘ 2. (sports) shumoku ⛸┘ 3. (game) aitemu ࢓࢕ࢷ࣑ itinerary n nittei ᪝⛤ its pron sore no ࡐࡿࡡ, are no ࠵ࡿࡡ itself pron sore jíshin/jítai ࡐࡿ ⮤㌗ ⮤మ; … ~ (as we might expect) sasuga no …ࡈࡌ࠿ࡡ…; …(in) ~ … sono-mónó …ࡐࡡ ࡵࡡ, (sore) jítai ࡐࡿ ⮤మ; of/ by ~ hitori-de ni ࡥ࡛ࡽ࡚࡞࣬ ≺ࡽ࡚࡞ ivory n zøge ㇗∫࣬ࢯࢗࢣ



J jab n 1. tsuki ✲ࡀ 2. (boxing) jabu ࢩࣔࣇ



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jacket n uwagi ୕╌, jákétto ࢩࣔࢢ ࢴࢹ; traditional workman’s ~



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jog(ging)



hantén ༖ኮ࣬ࣀࣤࢷࣤ, happi ࡢ to ᡑゕ࣬ࡒࢂࡇ࡛ ࡖࡧ࣬Ἢ⿍࣬ࣀࢴࣅ jaundice n ødan 㯜␿࣬࠽࠹ࡓࢆ jail n keimú-sho ฬຸᡜ, røgoku jaunt n ensoku 㐪㊂ ∴⊱, røya ∴ᒁ javelin n nage-yari ᢖࡅᵍ࣬ᢖࡅ jam n (to eat) jámu ࢩ࣑ࣔ ࡷࡽ Jamaica n jamaika ࢩ࣏ࣔ࢕࢜ jaw n agó ࠵ࡇ࣬㢙 janitor n kózukai ᑚ౐࠷, yømúin jazz n jazu ࢩࣔࢫ ⏕ຸဤ; kanri-nin ⟮⌦ெ jealous adj urayamashii ⩆ࡱࡊ࠷࣬ January n Ichi-gatsú ୌ᭮࣬1᭮ ࠹ࡼࡷࡱࡊ࠷ gets ~ (yaki-móchí Japan n Nihón ᪝ᮇ㹺࡞࡮ࢆ, Nippón o) yakimásu ↕ࡀࡵࡔࢅ ↕ࡀ ᪝ᮇ࣬࡞ࡖࡰࢆ; made in ~ Nihon- ࡱࡌ, urayamimásu ⩆ࡲࡱࡌ࣬ ࠹ࡼࡷࡲࡱࡌ sei (no) ᪝ᮇ⿿ࡡ , meido in japan (no) ࣒࢕ࢺ࣬࢕ࣤ࣬ࢩࣔ jeans n jiinzu ࢩ࣭ࣤࢫ, jiipan ࢩ ࣂࣤࡡ , kokusan (no) ᅗ⏐ࡡ ࣭ࣂࣤ Japanese 1. n (language) Nihon- jeep n jiipu ࢩ࣭ࣈ go ᪝ᮇㄊ; (person) Nihon-jín ᪝ jeer 1. n hiyakashi ෫ࡷ࠾ࡊ 2. v ᮇெ 2. adj (of Japan) Nihón no hiyakashimásu ෫ࡷ࠾ࡊࡱࡌ ᪝ᮇࡡ; wa-… ࿰;, nichi- ᪝…; jellyfish n kurage ࡂࡼࡅ࣬Ềẍ࣬ Japanese cuisine n Nihon-ryø´ri ᪝ ࢠࣚࢣ ᮇᩩ⌦, kappø´ ๪ⅸ kaisekijeopardy n kiki ༱ᶭ, kiken ༱㝜 ryø´ri ᠔▴ᩩ⌦; Japanese-English jerk; with a ~ gutto ࡃࡖ࡛ dictionary n waei-jíten ࿰ⱝ㎙඼; jersey n jåji ࢩ࣭ࣔࢩ Japanese food n wa-shoku ࿰㣏; Jesus Christ n iesu kirisuto ࢕࢙ࢪ Japanese noodles n (wheat-flour) ࣬࢞ࣛࢪࢹ jet (plane) n jettó-ki ࢩ࢘ࢴࢹᶭ; udon ࠹࡜ࢆ࣬ࢗࢺࣤ; (buckjet lag n jisa-boke ᫤ᕣ࡯ࡄ wheat-flour) soba ࡐࡣo-soba ࠽ࡐࡣ ; Japanese restaurant n kappø´ jetty n bøha-tei 㜭ἴላ ๪ⅸ, (nihon)ryørí-ya ᪝ᮇ Jew n Yudayá-jin ࣗࢱࣕெ ᩩ⌦ᒁ jewel n høseki ᐀▴, tamá ⋚; jeweler n høseki-shø ᐀▴ၛ Japanese style adj wafü ࿰㢴, job n (o-)shígoto ࠽ ௘஥, (o-) nihon-fü ᪝ᮇ㢴; Japanese-style wrestling n sumø ┞᧖࣬ࢪ࣓ࢗ tsutome ࠽ ໂࡴ, (place) (= Sumo wrestling) tsutome-saki ໂࡴ඙; getting a job shüshoku ᑯ⫃; job hopping n jar n kamé ࠾ࡴ࣬⎴; tsubo ࡗ࡯ ࣬኎; (glass) garasu-bin ࢝ࣚࢪ tenshoku ㌷⫃ ⎴, bín ࡦࢆ࣬⎴ jockey n kishu 㥵ᡥ jargon n senmon-go ᑍ㛓ㄊ tawago- jog(ging) n jogingu (o shimásu) ࢩ 473



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join



ࣘ࢟ࣤࢡࢅࡊࡱࡌ , marason ࣏ࣚࢮࣤ join v (joins them together) awasemásu ྙࢂࡎࡱࡌ࣬࠵ࢂࡎ ࡱࡌ, (grafts, glues) tsugimásu ᥃ࡁࡱࡌ; (enters) …ni hairimásu … ࡞ථࡽࡱࡌ; (in cooperation) tsukimásu ௛ࡀࡱ ࡌ࣬ࡗࡀࡱࡌ; ~ (forces) gødø shimásu ྙྜྷࡊࡱࡌ joint 1. n fushí ⟿; (of two bones) kansetsu 㛭⟿; (of pipe; seam) tsugi-me ᥃ࡁ┘࣬ࡗࡁࡴ 2. adj (combined) gødø no … ྙྜྷࡡ …; joint venture, JV n kyødø/gøben jigyø භྜྷྙᘒ஥ᴏ joke n jødán ීㄧ, share ࡊࡶࡿ࣬ ὏ⴘ journal n 1. jånaru ࢩ࣭ࣔࢻࣜ 2. (diary) nikki ᪝エ 3. (newspaper) shinbun ᩺⪲ 4. (magazine) zasshi 㞟ヽ journalist n 1. jånarisuto ࢩ࣭ࣔࢻ ࣛࢪࢹ 2. (newspaper ~) shinbunkishá ᩺⪲エ⩽ 3. (reporter) kishá エ⩽ journey n tabi ᪉, ryokø ᪉⾔ jovial adj yøki (na) 㝟Ẵ࡝ joy n yorokobi ႌࡦ࣬ࡻࢀࡆࡦ joyful adj ureshii Ꭺࡊ࠷࣬࠹ࡿࡊ ࠷, tanoshii ᴞࡊ࠷࣬ࡒࡡࡊ࠷ judge 1. n hánji ึ஥, saibánkan ⿚ึᏻ 2. v (gives judgment) hándán shimásu ึ᩷ࡊࡱࡌ, (criticizes) hihan shimásu ᢀึ ࡊࡱࡌ judgment n hándán ึ᩷; (criticism)



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hihan ᢀึ judicious adj kenmei (na) ㈴᪺࡝ judo n jü´dø ᯺㐠 jug n mizusashi Ềᕣࡊ juggler n 1. (magician) tejiná-shi ᡥဗᖅ 2. jagurå ࢩࣔࢡ࣭ࣚ juice n jü´su ࢩ࣭ࣖࢪ; shíru Ị; ~ of bitter orange pónsu ࣎ࣤࢪ, ponzu ࣎ࣤ㓉 juicy adj jü´shii (na) ࢩ࣭ࣖࢨ࣭ ࡝ , shiruke no/ga øi ỊẴࡡ ࠿ኣ࠷ jujitsu n jüjutsu ᯺⾙(= judo) July n Shichi-gatsú ୏᭮࣬7᭮ jumble n gotchamaze ࡇࡔࡶΊ ࡏ, yoseatsume ᐞࡎ㞗ࡴ࣬ࡻ ࡎ࠵ࡗࡴ jump v tobimásu ㊬ࡦࡱࡌ࡛࣬ࡦ ࡱࡌ, janpu shimásu ࢩࣔࣤࣈࡊ ࡱࡌ; ~s out tobi-dashimásu 㣍ࡦ ฝࡊࡱࡌ࡛࣬ࡦࡓࡊࡱࡌ June n Roku-gatsú ඵ᭮࣬6᭮ jungle n mitsurin ᐠᯐ, jánguru ࢩ ࣔࣤࢡࣜ junior adj (younger) toshi-shita (no) ᖳୖࡡ ; (colleague, fellow student) køhai ᚃ㍦; junior high school n chügákkø ୯Ꮥᰧ; ~ student chügáku-sei ୯Ꮥ⏍ junk n kúzu ࡂࡍ࣬ࢠࢫ, kuzumono ࡂࡍ∸, garakuta ࠿ࡼࡂࡒ ࣬࢝ࣚࢠࢰ junk food n janku-füdo ࢩࣔࣤࢠࣆ ࣭ࢺ junkyard n sute-ba ᤖ࡙ሔ jurisdiction n shihø-ken ྒྷἪᶊ jury n baishin(-in dan) 㝑ᐼဤᅆ



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kid



just 1. adv (exactly) chødo ࡔࡺ࠹ ࡜୍࣬ᗐ, mása ni ࡱࡈ࡞࣬ḿ࡞; (only) …daké …ࡓࡄ, (merely) táda ࡒࡓ 2. adj (equal, fair) tadashii ḿࡊ࠷, køsei na පḿ࡝; just a moment chótto ࡔࡺࡖ࡛; just now tatta-íma ࡒࡖࡒ௑, tadáima ࡒࡓ௑࣬྅௑, tsúi imashígata ࡗ ࠷௑ࡊ࠿ࡒ; just right pittári ࡧࡖ



ࡒࡽ; uttetsuke (no) ࠹ࡖ࡙ࡗࡄ ࡡ ; just the (one/thing/ticket, …) uttetsuke (no) ࠹ࡖ࡙ࡗࡄࡡ justice n 1. (rightness) seigi ḿ⩇, seitø-sei ḿᙔᛮ 2. (judiciary) shihø ྒྷἪ juvenile delinquent n hikø-shønen 㟸⾔ᑛᖳ, chinpira ࡔࢆࡧࡼ࣬ ࢲࣤࣅࣚ



K kangaroo n kangarü ࣭࢜ࣤ࢝ࣜ karate n (weaponless self defense) karate ✭ᡥ࣬࢜ࣚࢷ katakana n katákána ࢜ࢰ࢜ࢻ࣬࠾ ࡒ࠾࡝࣬∞௫ྞ kayak n kayakku ࢜ࣕࢴࢠ keen adj nesshin (na) ⇍ᚨ࡝ keenly adv (feels) shimijími (to) ࡊࡲࡋࡲ࡛ keep v tamochimásu ಕࡔࡱࡌ࣬ ࡒࡵࡔࡱࡌ; (retains) kakaemásu ᢢ࠻ࡱࡌ࣬࠾࠾࠻ࡱࡌ; (takes in trust) azukarimásu 㡰࠾ࡽࡱࡌ࣬ ࠵ࡍ࠾ࡽࡱࡌ; (raises animals) kaimásu 㣣࠷ࡱࡌ࣬࠾࠷ࡱࡌ; keep away from v yokemásu ࡻࡄ ࡱࡌ࣬㑂ࡄࡱࡌ; keep company with v (…o) chika-zukemásu …ࢅ ㎾௛ࡄࡱࡌ; keep cool v (calms down) ochi-tsukimásu) ⴘࡔ╌ࡀ ࡱࡌ; Keep it up! ganbare! 㡱ᘿࡿ㸖 keepsake n 1. (legacy) katami ᙟず 2. (remembrance) kinen no shina エᛍࡡဗ, kinen-hin エᛍဗ



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kelp n kónbu ᪳ᕱ࣬ࢤࣤࣇ kennel n inu-goya ≗ᑚᒁ kernel n koku-tsubu ✈⢇ kerosene n tøyu ⅁ἔ, sekiyu ▴ἔ ketchup n kecháppu ࢢࢲࣔࢴࣈ kettle n (teakettle) yakan ࡷ࠾ࢆ ࣬ࣕ࢜ࣤ࣬ⷾ⧹, yu-wákashi … ἓ࠾ࡊ; (cauldron) kama ࠾ࡱ ࣬㔡 key n kagí 㘵, kíi ࣭࢞ “key money” (to obtain rental lease) kenri-kin ᶊฺ㔘 kick v kerimásu ㋶ࡽࡱࡌ࣬ࡄࡽ ࡱࡌ; kick out v (company) kubi ni shimásu ࢠࣄ࡞ࡊࡱࡌࡊ,



(school) yame/taigaku-sasemásu ㎙ࡴ㏝Ꮥࡈࡎࡱࡌ; kick the habit v (tabako, sake o) yamemásu ࡒ ࡣࡆ, 㒿ࢅ ࡷࡴࡱࡌ kid n kodomo Ꮔ౩࣬Ꮔ࡜ࡵ, kozø ᑚ൒࣬ࡆࡑ࠹ → child; kid around fuzakemásu ࡨࡉࡄࡱࡌ; kids oneself about … (underestimates) … o amaku mimásu …ࢅ⏉ࡂ 475



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kidnap



ずࡱࡌ࣬…ࢅ࠵ࡱࡂࡲࡱࡌ; no kidding! másaka ࡱࡈ࠾, uso (da/ darø)! ࠹ࡐࡓࡓࢀ࠹ 㸖 kidnap n, v yükai (shimásu) ㄇᢺ ࡊࡱࡌ ; kidnapping n yükai ㄇᢺ, rachi ᢴ⮬ kidney n jinzø ⭀⮒ kill v koroshimásu ṽࡊࡱࡌ; [SLANG] barashimásu ࡣࡼࡊࡱࡌ killed; gets ~ korosaremásu ṽࡈࡿ ࡱࡌ, yararemásu ࡷࡼࡿࡱࡌ killer n satsujin-han ṽெ≚ kiln n kama ࠾ࡱ࣬㔡 kilogram n kiro(guramu) ࢞ࣞࢡ ࣑ࣚ kilometer n kiro(mëtoru) ࣒࢞ࣞ ࣭ࢹࣜ kiloliter n kiro(rittoru) ࢞ࣞࣛࢴ ࢹࣜ kilowatt n kiro(watto) ࢞ࣞ࣠ࢴࢹ kimono n 1. (Japanese attire) wa-fuku ࿰᭱, ki-mono ╌∸࣬ ࣓࢞ࢿ 2. (light, for summer) yukata ࡹ࠾ࡒ࣬ᾆ⾨ kin n (relatives) shinseki のᡁ, ketsuen ⾉⦍ kind 1. n (variety) shúrui ⛸㢦, té ᡥ; a kind of … no ís-shu …ࡡୌ⛸ (ís-shu no … ୌ⛸ࡡ…); all kinds of samazama (na) ᵕࠍ࣬ࡈࡱ ࡉࡱ࡝ , iroiro (na/no) Ⰵࠍ࣬ ࠷ࢀ࠷ࢀ࡝ࡡ ; kinds of …-rui …㢦; 2. adj (nice) (go-)shínsetsu (na) ࡇ のว࣬ࡊࢆࡎࡗ࡝ kindergarten n yøchíen ᖺ⛮ᅧ࣬ ࡻ࠹ࡔ࠻ࢆ kindly adv atatakáku ࠵ࡒࡒ࠾



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ࡂ࣬Ὼ࠾ࡂ; (kindly does) (shi-) te kuremásu ࡊ ࡙ࡂࡿࡱࡌ, kudasaimásu ୖࡈ࠷ࡱࡌ࣬ࡂࡓ ࡈ࠷ࡱࡌ kindness n (go-)ón ࡇ ᜘࣬ࡇ ࠽ࢆ, (o-)kokoro-zashi ࠽ ᚷ࣬ ࠽ ࡆࡆࢀࡉࡊ, (go-)shínsetsu ࡇ のว࣬ࡇ ࡊࢆࡎࡗ king n ø ⋜, ø-sama ⋜ᵕ kingdom n ø-koku ⋜ᅗ kinsfolk → kin kinship n shinzoku の᪐ kiosk n (selling things) baiten ኉ ᗉ, kiosuku ࢛࢞ࢪࢠ kiss n ki(s)su (shimásu) ࢞ࢴ ࢪ ࡊࡱࡌ ; seppun (shimásu) ᥃ ྼࡊࡱࡌ kit (of tools) n yø´gu ⏕ර, kitto ࢞ࢴࢹ; ~ bag yøgu-búkuro ⏕ර ⾼ kitchen n daidokoro ྋᡜ, (o-) katte ࠽ ົᡥ, (Western-style) kitchin ࢞ࢴࢲࣤ; kitchen utensils n daidokoro-dø´gu ྋᡜ㐠ර kite n táko ญ࣬ࡒࡆ࣬ࢰࢤ; flies a ~ táko o agemásu ญࢅᥥࡅࡱ ࡌ࣬ญࢅ࠵ࡅࡱࡌ; ~-flying takóágé ญᥥࡅ࣬ญ࠵ࡅ kitten n konéko Ꮔ⊟࣬ࢤࢾࢤ knack n kotsú ࡆࡗ; yøryø´ こ㡷 knapsack n 1. ryúkku ࣛࣖࢴ ࢠ, ryukkusákku ࣛࣖࢴࢠࢦࢴ ࢠ 2. (elementary school bag) randóseru ࣚࣤࢺࢬࣜ knead v nerimásu ⦆ࡽࡱࡌ࣬ࡠࡽ ࡱࡌ knee n hiza ࡥࡉ࣬⭰



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laboratory



kneel v hizamazukimásu ㊥ࡀࡱ ࡌ࣬ࡥࡉࡱࡍࡀࡱࡌ knew → know knife n 1. náifu ࢻ࢕ࣆ 2. (kitchen ~) høchø ໜ୍࣬࣌ࢗࢲࣘࢗ, (butcher ~) nikukiri-bø´chø ⫏ว ࡽໜ୍ knight n naito ࢻ࢕ࢹ, kishi 㥵ኃ knit n amimásu ⥽ࡲࡱࡌ࣬࠵ࡲ ࡱࡌ knob n (bump) kobú ࡆࡩ, (gnarl) fushí ⟿; door ~ hiki-te ᘤࡀᡥ, totte ཱིࡖᡥ࡛࣬ࡖ࡙, doa nobu ࢺ࢓ࢿࣇ knock 1. v (hits) nagurimásu Ṹࡽ ࡱࡌ࣬࡝ࡃࡽࡱࡌ 2. v (on door) (to o) tatakimásu ᡖࢅ ྄ࡀࡱ ࡌ࣬ࡒࡒࡀࡱࡌ, nókku shimásu ࢿࢴࢠࡊࡱࡌ 3. n nokku ࢿࢴ ࢠ; knock down v taoshinásu ಻ࡊ ࡱࡌ࣬ࡒ࠽ࡊࡱࡌ; knockout n (boxing) nokkuauto ࢿࢴࢠ࢓ࢗࢹ knot n musubi(-me) ⤎ࡦ┘ ࣬ࡳ ࡌࡦࡴ ; (gnarl) fushí ⟿ know v… o shitte imásu …ࢅ▩ࡖ ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ࣬…ࢅࡊࡖ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ,



(understands)…ga wakarimásu



…࠿ฦ࠾ࡽࡱࡌ࣬…࠿ࢂ࠾ࡽࡱ ࡌ; doesn’t know shirimasen ▩ࡽ ࡱࡎࢆ࣬ࡊࡽࡱࡎࢆ, wakarimasén ฦ࠾ࡽࡱࡎࢆ࣬ࢂ࠾ࡽࡱࡎ ࢆ; know-it-all n shittakaburi ▩ࡖ ࡒ࠾ࡩࡽ; know-how n nøhau ࢿࢗ ࣀࢗ; yarikata ࡷࡽ᪁ knowledge n chíshiki ▩ㆉ; (learning, academics) gakúmon Ꮥၡ known; gets ~ shiremásu ▩ࡿ ࡱࡌ࣬ࡊࡿࡱࡌ, (widely) shiraremásu ▩ࡼࡿࡱࡌ࣬ࡊࡼ ࡿࡱࡌ; known as … (so-called) iwáyúru … ࠷ࢂࡹࡾ knuckle n yubi-kansetsu ᣞ㛭⟿; knuckle down v isshøkenmei yarimásu ୌ⏍ᠩ࿤ࡷࡽࡱࡌ; knuckle under v køsan shimásu 㜾 ཤࡊࡱࡌ Kobe n Købe ♼ᡖ Korea n 1. (South Korea) Kánkoku 㡉ᅗ 2. (North Korea) Kitachøsen ໪᭽㩥 Kurile (Islands) n Chishíma ༐ᓞ, Chishíma-réttø ༐ᓞาᓞ Kyoto n Kyøto ா㒌 Kyūshu n Kyü´shü ஐᕗ



L lab n rábo ࣚ࣍; (research) kenraberu o tsukemásu/harimásu ࣚ kyüjo ◂✪ᡜ; (testing) shiken jo ࣊ࣜࢅ௛ࡄࡱࡌ㈖ࡽࡱࡌ; grade ム㥺ᡜ labeling n tøkyü hyøji ➴⣥ᵾ♟ label 1. n retteru ࣝࢴࢷࣜ, (tag) labor n rødø ຘ഼; labor union n fuda ᮈ࣬ࡨࡓ, rabel ࣚ࣊ࣜ 2. n rødø kumiai ຘ഼⤄ྙ (record) rëberu ࣭ࣝ࣊ࣜ 3. v laboratory n 1. (research room)



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laborer



kenkyü-shitsu ◂✪ᐄ 2. (experimental ~) jikken-shitsu ᐁ㥺ᐄ, rabo ࣚ࣍ laborer n rødø-sha ຘ഼⩽ laboriously adv ákuseku ࠵ࡂࡎࡂ lace n rë´su ࣭ࣝࢪ, mø´ru ࣓࣭ࣜ lack 1. n (shortage) fusoku ୘㊂ 2. v (is not available) …ga arimasén …࠿࠵ࡽࡱࡎࢆ lackluster adj 1. saenai ࡈ࠻࡝࠷, patto shinai ࡤࡖ࡛ࡊ࡝࠷ 2. (object) tsuya no nai ࡗࡷࡡ࡝࠷ lacquer 1. n urushi ⁵࣬ࢗࣜࢨ, nuri ሧࡽ࣬࡟ࡽ; lacquer ware nurimono ሧࡽ∸, shikki ⁵ჹ 2. v (~s it) nurimásu ሧࡽࡱࡌ࣬࡟ࡽ



…-ko …‘; lake-side n kohan ‘ ⏹; lakeshore n kogan ‘ᓃ lamb n ko-hítsúji Ꮔ⨲࣬ࢤࣃࢵࢩ lame 1. adj ashí ga fú-jiyü (na) ㊂ ࠿୘⮤⏜࡝ → cripple(d) 2. n (fabric) rame ࣒ࣚ lament v nagekimásu Ⴟࡀࡱࡌ࣬ ࡝ࡅࡀࡱࡌ lamentation n nagekí Ⴟࡀ࣬࡝ࡅࡀ lamp n ránpu ࣚࣤࣈ; akari ᪺࠾ ࡽ࣬࠵࠾ࡽ; dentø 㞹⅁࣬㞹⇘; desk/floor ~ (denki-)sutándo 㞹 Ẵ ࢪࢰࣤࢺ land 1. n riku 㝛࣬ࡽࡂ, oka ୢ࣬ ࠽࠾, jí ᆀ; (a piece of ~) tochi ᅰᆀ 2. v (comes ashore) jøriku ࡱࡌ shimásu ୕㝛ࡊࡱࡌ; (from the lad n 1. (boy) shønen ᑛᖳ 2. air) chakuriku shimásu ╌㝛ࡊ ࡱࡌ (young man) wakamono ⱕ⩽, landing n chakuriku ╌㝛, jøriku seinen 㟯ᖳ ladder n hashigo ࡢࡊࡇ࣬ࣀࢨࢥ ୕㝛 㹺᲋Ꮔ landlord n ø´ya(-san) ኬᐓ࣬࠽࠽ laden adj tsunda ✒ࢆࡓ ࡷࡈࢆ , yanushi ᐓ୹; (owner) ladle n hishaku ࡥࡊࡶࡂ࣬ᯮᮠ; ønå ࢛࣭ࢻ࣭; (rental manager) (large wooden) shákushi ࡊࡶࡂ kanri-nin ⟮⌦ெ landmark n mejirushi ┘༰ ࡊ࣬ᮠᏄ lady n fujin ፦ெ, óku-san/-sama landowner n ji-nushi ᆀ୹ ዚ>࠽ࡂ@ࡈࢆᵕ; (young) ojølandscape n fü´kei 㢴ᬊ࣬ࡨ࠹ࡄ ࠷, keshiki ᬊⰅ san ࠽Ꮃࡈࢆ, redii ࣝࢸ࢔, (middle-aged) oba-san ࠽ࡣࡈࢆ, landslide 1. n (earth slide) ji-súberi ᆀ⁝ࡽ࣬ᆀࡌ࡬ࡽ 2. adj (over(old) obåsan ࠽ࡣ࠵ࡈࢆ → woman whelming) taisa (no) ኬᕣࡡ , lag 1. n (a ~) okure 㐔ࡿ࣬࠽ࡂࡿ, attø-teki (na) ᅸ಻Ⓩ࡝ lane n (traffic, swim) kø´su ࢤ࣭ [FORMAL] chien 㐔ᘇ 2. v (~s ࢪ; (path) komichi ᑚ㐠 behind) okuremásu 㐔ࡿࡱࡌ࣬ ࠽ࡂࡿࡱࡌ; time lag n jisa ᫤ᕣ language n 1. kotobá ゕⴝ࣬ࡆ lake n mizü´mi ‘࣬ࡲࡍ࠹ࡲ, ࡛ࡣ, [FORMAL] géngo ゕㄊ;



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latest



…-go …ㄊ; ~ learning gogaku gakushüㄊᏕᏕ⩞ 2. (foreign ~) gaikoku-go አᅗㄊ lanky adj yaseta ࡷࡎࡒ࣬⑥ࡎࡒ, hosoi ⣵࠷࣬࡮ࡐ࠷ lantern n (of paper) chøchín ࡔࡺ ࠹ࡔࢆ࣬ላ⅁; (traditional nightlight) andon ࠵ࢆ࡜ࢆ࣬⾔⅁ lap n hiza ࡥࡉ࣬⭰ lapse n 1. (time ~) toki no keika ᫤ࡡ⤊㐛 2. (small error) kashitsu 㐛኶, chiisana machigai ᑚࡈ ࡝㛣㐢࠷࣬ᑚࡈ࡝ࡱࡔ࠿࠷ laptop n rapputoppu (-gata) pasokon ࣚࢴࣈࢹࢴࣈᆵ ࣂࢮ ࢤࣤ, nøto (-gata) pasokon ࢿ࣭ ࢹᆵ ࣂࢮࢤࣤ large adj økíi ኬࡀ࠷࣬࠽࠽ࡀ࠷, ø´ki-na ኬࡀ࡝࣬࠽࠽ࡀ࡝; (wide, spacious) hirói ᗀ࠷࣬ࡥ ࢀ࠷; large crowd n øzéi ኬເ; large number n tasü ኣᩐ; large quantity n taryø ኣ㔖, tairyø ኬ㔖 last adj 1. (final) owari no ⤂ࢂࡽ ࡡ࣬࠽ࢂࡽࡡ, sáigo no ᭩ᚃࡡ; (the tail end) bíri (no) ࡦࡽࡡ 2. (the preceding …) kono máe no ࡆࡡ๑ࡡ, sen-…඙…࣬…ࡈ ࡀ…, saru ཡࡾ (+ DATE); it ~s mochimásu ᣚࡔࡱࡌ࣬ࡵࡔࡱ ࡌ; at last tø´tø ࡛࠹࡛࠹, yatto (no kotóde) ࡷࡖ࡛ࡡࡆ࡛࡚ , iyó-iyo ࠷ࡻ࠷ࡻ, tsúini ࡗ࠷࡞, yøyaku ࡻ࠹ࡷࡂ last day (of month) n, adv getsumatsu ᭮ᮆ, misoka ࡲࡐ࠾࣬ᬁ᪝; (of year) ø-mísoka ኬࡲࡐ࠾࣬ኬ



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ᬁ᪝; the Last Day saigo no shinpan (no hi) ᭩ᚃࡡᐼึࡡ᪝ last month n, adv séngetsu ඙᭮ last night n, adv kinø no ban ࡀࡡ ࠹>ᫎ᪝@ࡡᬄ, kinø no yoru ࡀ ࡡ࠹>ᫎ᪝@ࡡእ, sakúban ᫎᬄ, yübé ࡹ࠹࡬࣬ᫎእ last week n, adv senshü ඙㐄 last year n, adv kyónen ཡᖳ, sakunen ᫎᖳ late 1. adj osoi 㐔࠷࣬࠽ࡐ࠷;



(lags, fails to be on time) okuremásu 㐔ࡿࡱࡌ࣬࠽ࡂࡿࡱࡌ; is too ~ (for it) ma ni aimasén 㛣࡞ ྙ࠷ࡱࡎࢆ࣬ࡱ࡞࠵࠷ࡱࡎࢆ; till ~ osokú made 㐔ࡂࡱ࡚࣬࠽ࡐࡂ ࡱ࡚; till ~ at night yóru osokú made እ㐔ࡂࡱ࡚, shín’ya made ῕እࡱ࡚ 2. adv osoku 㐔ࡂ lately adv 1. (other day) kono aidá ࡆࡡ㛣, konaidá ࡆ࡝࠷ ࡓ 2. (recently) chikágoro ㎾㡥, saikin ᭩㎾ later (on) adv áto (de) ᚃ࣬࠵࡛ ࡚ , áto no … ᚃࡡ…, [FORMAL] nochihodo ᚃ⛤࣬ࡡࡔ࡮࡜, [BOOKISH] kø´(-)…ᚃ…; does for ~ (shi-)teokimásu ࡊ ࡙࠽ࡀࡱ ࡌ, (shi-)tokimásu ࡊ ࡛ࡀࡱࡌ; See you later. interj Jå mata. ࡋࡶ ࠵ࡱࡒ, Jåne. ࡋࡶ࠵ࡠ latest 1. n saishin (no mono) ᭩᩺ ࡡ∸࣬ࡵࡡ 2. adj (newest) saishin (no) ᭩᩺ࡡ ; at the latest … máde ni wa …ࡱ࡚>㎶@࡞ࡢ, osóku tomo 㐔ࡂ࡛ࡵ࣬࠽ࡐࡂ ࡛ࡵ



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Latin



Latin n Raten-go ࣚࢷࣤㄊ; ~ letters rømá-ji ࣭࣏ࣞᏊ latter adj áto no … ᚃࡡ࣬࠵࡛ ࡡ…, [BOOKISH] kø´(-) … ᚃ… laugh v ~ at ( … o) waraimásu …ࢅ ➏࠷ࡱࡌ; loud laugh (~ out loud) øwarai ኬ➏, bakushø ⇷➏ launch n hassha Ⓠᑏ, uchiage ᡬ ࡔ୕ࡅ launder v sentaku shimásu ὑ⃾ࡊ ࡱࡌ laundry n o-séntaku ࠽ὑ⃾; (a laundry) sentaku-ya ὑ⃾ᒁ; (cleaner) kuriiningu-ya ࢠ࣭ࣛ ࢼࣤࢡᒁ lava n yøgan ⁈ᒷ lavatory n (to wash up in) senmenjo ὑ㟻ᡜ, keshø-shitsu ໩⢕ᐄ → bathroom, toilet law n høritsu Ἢᚂ, hø Ἢ; (rule) høsoku Ἢ์; (science/study) høgaku ἪᏕ → …-in-law lawn n shiba Ⱒ࣬ࡊࡣ, shibafu Ⱒ ⏍࣬ࡊࡣࡨ lawsuit n soshø セガ; uttae セ࠻࣬ ࠹ࡖࡒ࠻ lawyer n bengó-shi ᘒ㆜ኃ lax adj yurúi ⥾࠷࣬ࡹࡾ࠷ laxative n gezai ୖ๠ lay v (puts) okimásu ⨠ࡀࡱࡌ࣬ ࠽ࡀࡱࡌ; (did lie down) nemáshita ᐱࡱࡊࡒ; lay aside v sutemásu ᤖ࡙ࡱࡌ, mizu ni nagashimásu Ề࡞Ὦࡊࡱࡌ; lay down v yoko ni shimásu ᶋ࡞ࡊ ࡱࡌ; yokotaemásu ᶋࡒ࠻ࡱࡌ; lay off v kaiko shimásu ゆ㞘ࡊࡱࡌ



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layman n mongái-kan 㛓አ₆ lazy adj namaketa ᛨࡄࡒ; gets ~ namakemásu ᛨࡄࡱࡌ࣬࡝ࡱࡄ ࡱࡌ; (shirks) okotarimásu ᛨࡽ ࡱࡌ࣬࠽ࡆࡒࡽࡱࡌ lead 1. n (metal) namari 㕼࣬࡝ࡱ ࡽ 2. v (guides them) annái shimásu ᱄හࡊࡱࡌ, michibikimásu ᑙࡀࡱࡌ࣬ࡲࡔࡦࡀࡱࡌ, riído shimásu ࣭ࣛࢺࡊࡱࡌ; (coaches them) shidø shimásu ᣞᑙࡊࡱ ࡌ; (commands them) hikiimásu ⋙࠷ࡱࡌ࣬ࡥࡀ࠷ࡱࡌ leader n chø 㛏; (director, coach) shidø´-sha ᣞᑙ⩽; riídå ࣭ࣛࢱ ࣭; team leader n han chø ⌔㛏, chiimu riídå ࢲ࣭࣑࣭ࣛࢱ࣭ leading adj (chief) shuyø (na) ୹ こ࡝ , omo (na) ୹࡝ leaf n happa ⴝࡖࡤ࣬ࡢࡖࡤ, ha ⴝ࣬ࡢ leaflet n chirashi ࡔࡼࡊ࣬ࢲࣚࢨ, bira ࡦࡼ࣬ࣄࣚ leak v 1. it ~s morimásu ⁻ࡽࡱࡌ࣬ ࡵࡽࡱࡌ, moremásu ⁻ࡿࡱࡌ࣬ ࡵࡿࡱࡌ 2. ~s it morashimásu ⁻ࡼࡊࡱࡌ࣬ࡵࡼࡊࡱࡌ lean 1. v katamuku ലࡂ; ... o katamukeru 㹳ࢅലࡄࡾ ~ against … ni motaremásu …࡞ࡵࡒࡿࡱ ࡌ; ~ toward … no hø´ni katamukimásu …ࡡ᪁࡞ലࡀࡱࡌ; (to one side) kata-yorimásu ∞ᐞ ࡽࡱࡌ࣬࠾ࡒࡻࡽࡱࡌ; ~ out of… ... kara nori-dashimásu … ࠾ࡼ஋ࡽฝࡊࡱࡌ 2. (meat/fish) adj akami (no) ㉝࿝ࡡ



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lengthen



leap → jump; leap year n urü´doshi ࠹ࡾ࠹>㛠@ᖳ࣬࠹ࡾ࠹࡜ࡊ learn v naraimásu ⩞࠷ࡱࡌ࣬࡝ࡼ ࠷ࡱࡌ, manabimásu Ꮥࡦࡱࡌ; (finds out) shirimásu ▩ࡽࡱࡌ࣬ ࡊࡽࡱࡌ, (hears) … ga mimí ni hairimásu …࠿⪝࡞ථࡽࡱࡌ learning n gakúmon Ꮥၡ, gaku Ꮥ; (study of a basic subject) gakushü Ꮥ⩞ least adj (smallest) saishø (no) ᭩ ᑚࡡ ; at least sukúnáku-tomo ᑛ࡝ࡂ࡛ࡵ࣬ࡌࡂ࡝ࡂ࡛ࡵ, sémete ࡎࡴ࡙; (anyway) tó-nikaku ࡛࡞࠾ࡂ leather n kawá ⓮࣬㠁࣬࢜࣠ leave v demásu ฝࡱࡌ࡚࣬ࡱࡌ; sarimásu ཡࡽࡱࡌ࣬ࡈࡽࡱࡌ; (for a far place) tachimásu Ⓠࡔ ࡱࡌ࣬ࡒࡔࡱࡌ; (to go home) kaerimásu ᖉࡽࡱࡌ; (withdraws) hiki-agemásu ᘤࡀᥥࡅࡱࡌ, hiki-torimásu ᘤࡀཱིࡽࡱࡌ࣬ࡥ ࡀ࡛ࡽࡱࡌ; (~ one’s seat) seki o hazushimásu ᖆࢅአࡊࡱࡌ; leave it behind v nokoshimásu ṟࡊࡱ ࡌ; (forgetfully) wasuremono o shimásu ᚸࡿ∸ࢅࡊࡱࡌ, okiwasurémásu ⨠ࡀᚸࡿࡱࡌ࣬࠽ ࡀࢂࡌࡿࡱࡌ; leave it empty v akemásu ✭ࡄࡱࡌ࣬࠵ࡄࡱࡌ; leave it intact v (untouched) sono mamá ni shimásu ࡐࡡࡱࡱ࡞ࡊ ࡱࡌ ; leave it undone v shináide okimásu ࡊ࡝࠷࡚࠽ࡀࡱࡌ; leave out (skips) nukashimásu ᢜ࠾ࡊ ࡱࡌ࣬࡟࠾ࡊࡱࡌ



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leave-taking n itoma ᬜ࣬ࡥࡱ lecherous adj sukébë (na) ࡌࡄ࡬ ࠻ ࡝࣬ຐᖲ࡝ ࣬ࢪࢢ࣊࡝ , køshoku (na) ይⰅ࡝ lecture n køgi ㅦ⩇, (talk) køen ㅦⁿ; ~ platform endan ⁿቨ, kødan ㅦቨ lecturer n 1. (instructor) kø´shi ㅦ ᖅ 2. (public speaker) kø´en-sha ㅦⁿ⩽ leek n nira ࡞ࡼ࣬ࢼࣚ㹺㡖; négi ࡠࡁ࣬ࢾ࢟㹺ⴼ leeway n yoyü ఴ⿩, yochi ఴᆀ left 1. adj (not right) hidari (no) ᕞࡡ 2. → leave 3. → rest leftover n nokorí ṟࡽ࣬ࡡࡆࡽ; (surplus) amarí ఴࡽ࣬࠵ࡱࡽ; leftovers n nokori-mono ṟࡽ∸ leg n ashí ⬦࣬㊂࣬࠵ࡊ, (shin) suné ࡌࡠ࣬⬧࣬⮑ legacy n isan 㐿⏐ legal adj 1. høritsu-jø (no) Ἢᚂ୕ ࡡ , høteki (na) ἪⓏ࡝ 2. (lawful) gøhø (na) ྙἪ࡝ legend n mukashi-bánashi ᪿヨ, densetsu ఎㄕ, monogátari ∸ㄊ leisure n 1. (spare time) hima ᬜ, ma 㛣, yoka ఴᬜ 2. réjå ࣝࢩ ࣭ࣔ lemon n remon ࣓ࣝࣤ; ~ soda ramune ࣑ࣚࢾ lend v kashimásu ㈒ࡊࡱࡌ࣬࠾ ࡊࡱࡌ; ~s money (finances it) yüzü shimásu ⼝㏳ࡊࡱࡌ length n nágasa 㛏ࡈ lengthen v (mótto) nágaku shimásu ࡵࡖ࡛ 㛏ࡂࡊࡱࡌ;



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lenient



(prolongs it) nobashimásu ఘࡣ ࡊࡱࡌ࣬ࡡࡣࡊࡱࡌ; enchø shimásu ᘇ㛏ࡊࡱࡌ lenient adj yurúi ࡹࡾ࠷࣬⥾࠷; amai ⏉࠷࣬࠵ࡱ࠷ lens n 1. rénzu ࣝࣤࢫ 2. (eye) suishøtai Ềᬏమ; eye lens n gan renzu ╉ࣝࣤࢫ; lens eye n suishøtai Ềᬏమ leopard n hyø ࡥࡺ࠹࣬ࣃࣘࢗ㹺㇦ lesbian n rezu(-bian) ࣝࢫࣄ࢓ࣤ less adj (yori) sukunái ࡻࡽ ᑛ ࡝࠷࣬ࡌࡂ࡝࠷; (minus) mainasu ࣏࢕ࢻࢪ; less than (…) íka … ௧ୖ, …míman …ᮅ‫ ;‮‬no less than (…) íjø … ௧୕, ... mo no ...ࡵࡡ (= as many as) lessen v sukúnáku/chíisaku shimásu ᑛ࡝ࡂᑚࡈࡂࡊࡱࡌ; herashimásu ΅ࡼࡊࡱࡌ࣬࡫ࡼ



(air, the sun, light) iremásu ථ ࡿࡱࡌ࣬࠷ࡿࡱࡌ; let off/out v (of a vehicle) oroshimásu 㜾 ࢀࡊࡱࡌ࣬࠽ࢀࡊࡱࡌ; let me know interj [FORMAL] O-shirase kudasai ࠽▩ࡼࡎࡂࡓࡈ࠷; Go-renraku kudasai ࡇ㏻⤙ࡂ ࡓࡈ࠷; let me see interj (well now) så´ࡈ࠵; Sø´ desu ne. ࡐ ࠹࡚ࡌࡠ. let’s (do it) (shi-)mashø´ ࡊ ࡱࡊ



ࡺ࠹ lethal adj chimei-teki (na) ⮬࿤Ⓩ ࡝ lethargy n mukiryoku ↋Ẵງ letter n tegami ᡥ⣤࡙࣬࠿ࡲ, (news) táyori ౼ࡽ࣬ࡒࡻࡽ; (of alphabet) móji ᩝᏊ, (character) jí Ꮚ; ~ of guarantee hoshø-sho ಕチ᭡; letter box n yübin posuto 㒉౼࣎ࢪࢹ; letter paper and envelope ࡊࡱࡌ lesson n …-ka …ㄚ, réssun ࣝࢴ n retå setto ࣝࢰ࣭ࢬࢴࢹ ࢪࣤ; takes ~s (in) (…o) narailettuce n rétasu ࣝࢰࢪ másu…ࢅ ⩞࠷ࡱࡌ࣬࡝ࡼ࠷ level adj (flat) taira (na) ᖲࡼ࣬ࡒ ࡱࡌ ࠷ࡼ࡝ ; (extent) téido ⛤ᗐ࣬ let v ~s (one) do it (… ni sore o) ࡙࠷࡜; (standard; water level) sasemásu …࡞ࡐࡿࢅ ࡈࡎࡱ suijun Ề‵, reberu ࣝ࣊ࣜ ࡌ, yurushimásu スࡊࡱࡌ࣬ࡹࡾ lever n teko ࡙ࡆ࣬᣷Ꮔ, rébå ࣝ ࡊࡱࡌ; (as a favor) (…ni sore ࣁ࣭ o) sasete …࡞ࡐࡿࢅ ࡈࡎ࡙ levity n keisotsu ㍅⋙ + [GIVE]; let approach v yosemásu levy v chøshü shimásu ᚡ཭ࡊࡱࡌ ᐞࡎࡱࡌ࣬ࡻࡎࡱࡌ; let fly v lewd adj sukébë (na) ࡌࡄ࡬࠻ tobashimásu 㣍ࡣࡊࡱࡌ࡛࣬ࡣ ࣬ຐᖲ࡝ ࣬ࢪࢢ࣊࡝ , midara ࡊࡱࡌ; let get away v nigashi(na) ῐࡼ࣬ࡲࡓࡼ࡝ , hiwai másu ㏠࠿ࡊࡱࡌ࣬࡞࠿ࡊࡱࡌ; (na) ༚⊚࣬ࡥࢂ࠷࡝ let go v (releases) hanashimásu liaison n renraku ㏻⤙ ᨲࡊࡱࡌ࣬ࡢ࡝ࡊࡱࡌ; let in v liar n usó-tsuki ࠹ࡐ>Ⴭ@ࡗࡀ



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like



liberate v kaihø shimásu ゆᨲࡊࡱ ࡌ; liberation n kaihø ゆᨲ librarian n tosho-gákari ᅒ᭡౿, toshokán-in ᅒ᭡㤃ဤ, shisho ྒྷ᭡ library n (building) toshó-kan ᅒ ᭡㤃; (room) toshó-shitsu ᅒ᭡ ᐄ; (collection) zøsho ⶮ᭡; main library n chüø-toshokan ୯ኳᅒ ᭡㤃; National Diet Library n kokuritsu kokkai toshokan ᅗ❟ ᅗఌᅒ᭡㤃 license n ménkyo ඞス, ráisensu ࣚ࢕ࢬࣤࢪ, menkyo-shø/-jø ඞ スチ≟; menjø ඞ≟; ~ (tag) kansatsu 㚯ᮈ; driver’s license n unten menkyo(-shø) 㐘㌷ඞス チ , menkyo(-shø) ඞスチ ; license agreement n raisensu keiyaku ࣚ࢕ࢬࣤࢪዉ⣑ lick v namemásu ࡝ࡴࡱࡌ࣬⯅ࡴ ࡱࡌ lid n futa ࡨࡒ࣬⵱ lie 1. n (falsehood) úso ࠹ࡐ࣬Ⴭ, itsuwari അࡽ࣬࠷ࡗࢂࡽ; a ~ comes to light uso ga baremásu ࠹ࡐ࠿ࡣࡿࡱࡌ 2. v ~s (down) nemásu ᐱࡱࡌ; yoko ni narimásu ᶋ࡞࡝ࡽࡱࡌ; yoko-tawárimásu ᶋࡒࢂࡽࡱࡌ life n ínochi ࿤, seimei ⏍࿤; (daily living) seikatsu ⏍Ὡ; (lifetime) shø´gai ⏍ᾥ, isshø ୌ ⏍, yo ୠ; (one’s ~) jínsei ெ⏍; brings ~ to … o ikashimásu …ࢅ ⏍࠾ࡊࡱࡌ lifeguard n raifu gådo ࣚ࢕ࣆ࣭࢝



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ࢺ, kyüjo-in ᨾຐဤ life partner n (spouse) shøgai no hanryo ⏍ᾥࡡఔ౵ lifestyle n raifu sutairu ࣚ࢕ࣆࢪࢰ ࢕ࣜ, ikikata ⏍ࡀ᪁ lift 1. v mochi-agemásu ᣚࡔ୕ࡅ ࡱࡌ࣬ࡵࡔ࠵ࡅࡱࡌ, agemásu ୕ࡅࡱࡌ࣬࠵ࡅࡱࡌ 2. → elevator light 1. n hikarí ක࣬ࡥ࠾ࡽ, akari ᪺࠾ࡽ࣬࠵࠾ࡽ, (ray) køsen ක ⥲; (electric) dénki 㞹Ẵ, dentø 㞹⅁; in the ~ of … ni teráshite …࡞↯ࡼࡊ࡙ 2. ~s it up v terashimásu ↯ࡼࡊࡱࡌ 3. adj (not heavy) karui ㍅࠷࣬࠾ࡾ࠷; (bright) akarui ᪺ࡾ࠷࣬࠵࠾ࡾ ࠷; (pale) usui ⷟࠷࣬࠹ࡌ࠷; light rain kosame ᑚ㞭࣬ࡆࡈࡴ lighter n (cigarette) ráitå ࣚ࢕ࢰ࣭ lighthouse n tødai ⅁ྋ lighting n (illumination) shømei ↯᪺, raitingu ࣚ࢕ࢷ࢔ࣤࢡ; ~ fixtures shømei kígu ↯᪺ჹර lightning n inabíkari ⛼කࡽ࣬࢕ࢻ ࣄ࢜ࣛ, inazuma ⛼ጏ࣬࢕ࢻࢫ࣏ like 1. v (is fond of) …ga sukídesu … ࠿ይࡀ࡚ࡌ, … o konomimásu …ࢅይࡲࡱࡌ; would ~ → want, wish 2. prep (similar) … no yø´(na) …ࡡᵕ࣬…ࡡࡻ࠹࡝ ;



(is similar to) … ni nite imásu …࡞జ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ; like that adj sø (sø´ + [PARTICLE]/désu) ࡐ࠹ ࡐ࠹ + [PARTICLE]࡚ࡌ ; sonna … ࡐࢆ࡝…; å (å´ + [PARTICLE]/ désu) ࠵࠵࠵࠵ + [PARTICLE] 483



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likely



࡚ࡌ , anna …࠵ࢆ࡝…; like this



adj kø (kø´ + [PARTICLE]/désu) ࡆ࠹ࡆ࠹ + [PARTICLE]࡚ࡌ ; konna … ࡆࢆ࡝… likely 1. adj ari-sø´(na) ࠵ࡽࡐ࠹ ࡝ ; (shi-) sø´ (na) ࡊ ࡐ࠹ ࡝ 2. adv (probably) tábun ࡒࡩࢆ࣬ኣฦ; like(ly) as not adv taigai ኬᴣ࣬ࡒ࠷࠿࠷; likely to adv (do) (shi-) yasúi ࡊ ࡷࡌ࠷ liking n (a fancy) shikø ᚷྡྷ, konomí ይࡲ lime 1. n (fruit) ráimu ࣚ࢕࣑ 2. (mineral) sékkai ▴⅂ limit 1. n kágirí 㝀ࡽ, seigén โ㝀; géndo 㝀ᗐ; hodo ⛤࣬࡮࡜; hán’i ⠂ᅑ; rimitto ࣐ࣛࢴࢹ; time limit taimu rimitto ࢰ࢕࣑࣐ࣛࢴࢹ, seigen (jikan) โ㝀᫤㛣 2. limits (delimits) it v kagirimásu 㝀ࡽࡱࡌ࣬࠾ࡁࡽࡱࡌ; (restricts) gentei shimásu 㝀ᏽࡊࡱࡌ, seigén shimásu โ㝀ࡊࡱࡌ limitation n gentei 㝀ᏽ, seigén โ㝀 line n sén ⥲, rétsu า, (of letters) gyø´ ⾔; (plot) súji ➵; (in a play) serifu ࡎࡽࡨ࣬ྋペ; the ~ is busy (o-)hanashi chu ࠽ ヨࡊ ୯࡚ࡌ࣬ࡢ࡝ࡊࡔࡸ࠹࡚ࡌ; (of work) shokúgyø ⫃ᴏ, gyø´ᴏ linen n áma ல㯖࣬࢓࣏, asa 㯖࣬ ࢓ࢦ, rinneru ࣛࣤࢾࣜ line up v (they line up) narabimásu ୩ࡦࡱࡌ࣬࡝ࡼࡦࡱࡌ; (~s them up) narabemásu ୩࡬ࡱࡌ࣬࡝ࡼ ࡬ࡱࡌ



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linguistics n (language learning) gogaku ㄊᏕ; (science of language) gengó-gaku ゕㄊᏕ lining n urá ⿤; (material) ura-ji ⿤ᆀ; lining of a sleeve n sode ura ⾿⿤ link 1. n wá ㍧ 2. ~s them v tsunagimásu ࡗ࡝ࡁࡱࡌ࣬⦽ࡁࡱࡌ link address n (computer) rinku adoresu ࣛࣤࢠ࢓ࢺࣝࢪ, rinku saki ࣛࣤࢠ඙ linked; is ~ (with …) (… to) tsunagarimásu …࡛ ࡗ࡝࠿ࡽ ࡱࡌ࣬⦽࠿ࡽࡱࡌ lion n raion ࣚ࢕࢛ࣤ, shíshi ⊲Ꮔ ࣬ࢨࢨ lip n kuchibiru ࡂࡔࡦࡾ࣬ွ liquid n eki(-tai) ᾦమ ; mizu Ề liquor n (o-)sake࠽ 㒿, (Western) yøshu Ὂ㒿; (distilled from yam or rice) shøchü´ ↕㒽 lisp v shi tága motsuremásu ⯁࠿ ࡵࡗࡿࡱࡌ list 1. n (of items) hyø ⾪, mokuroku ┘㘋, rísuto ࣛࢪࢹ; (of names) meibo ྞ⡑ 2. v (~s them) hyø ni shimásu ⾪࡞ࡊࡱࡌ, (puts it in a ~) (rísuto ni) iremásu ࣛࢪ ࢹ࡞ ථࡿࡱࡌ listen v kikimásu ⪲ࡀࡱࡌ listener n kiki-te ⪲ࡀᡥ, risunå ࣛࢪࢻ࣭ lit; is ~ tsúite imásu ࡗ࠷࡙࠷ࡱࡌ ࣬Ⅴ࠷࡙࠷ࡱࡌ liter n rittoru ࣛࢴࢹࣜ literary adj (literature) búngaku (no) ᩝᏕࡡ ; (bookish) bungo-



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lock



teki (na) ᩝㄊⓏ࡝ ⏍Ὡ㈕ᡥᙔ࡙ literature n búngaku ᩝᏕ living costs n seikatsú-hi ⏍Ὡ㈕ litter 1. n (rubbish) kúzu ࡂࡍ࣬ᒆ, lizard n tokage ࡛࠾ࡅ࣬ࢹ࢜ࢣ࣬ kuzu-mono ࡂࡍ∸࣬ᒆ∸, gara- ⻡⻨ load 1. n (o-)nímotsu ࠽ Ⲭ∸, kuta ࠿ࡼࡂࡒ 2. n (stretcher) tánka ᢰᯣ 3. v (to throw ~) ní Ⲭ 2. ~ it v (piles it on) tsumi(gomi o) chirakashimásu ࢥ࣐ másu ✒ࡲࡱࡌ࣬ࡗࡲࡱࡌ, (puts ࢅ ᩋࡼ࠾ࡊࡱࡌ it aboard) nosemásu ㍍ࡎࡱࡌ࣬ little adj (in size) chiisái ᑚࡈ࠷, ࡡࡎࡱࡌ loaf v (around) búrabura shimásu chíisa-na ᑚࡈ࡝; chitchái ࡔ ࡩࡼࡩࡼࡊࡱࡌ; (on the job) ࡖࡔࡶ࠷, chítcha-na ࡔࡖࡔࡶ ࡝; (in quantity) sukunái ᑛ࡝ saborimásu ࡈ࡯ࡽࡱࡌ࣬ࢦ࣍ࡽ ࠷, sukóshi (no) ᑛࡊࡡ ; a little ࡱࡌ loaf n (of bread) katamari ᅖࡱ sukóshi ᑛࡊ, wazuka ࢂࡍ࠾; (somewhat) yáya ࡷࡷ; a little while ࡽ࣬ም࣬࠾ࡒࡱࡽ, hitó-kátamari ago saki-hodo ඙⛤, sákki ࡈࡖࡀ; ୌᅖࡱࡽ>ም@࣬ࡥ࡛࠾ࡒࡱࡽ; little by little sukoshí zútsu ᑛࡊࡍ sandwich loaf n shoku-pan 㣏ࣂࣤ ࡗ; sórosoro ࡐࢀࡐࢀ loan → lend live 1. v (resides) súnde imásu ప lobby n róbii ࣞࣄ࣭ ࢆ࡚࠷ࡱࡌ; (is alive) íkite imásu lobster n ise ebi ௿ເ࠻ࡦ>ᾇ⩹࣬ ⏍ࡀ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ; (gets along) kura- ࢙ࣄ@࣬࢕ࢬ࢙ࣄ, robusutå ࣞࣇ shimásu ᬵࡼࡊࡱࡌ 2. adj (animal) ࢪࢰ࣭ ikita ⏍ࡀࡒ, (broadcast) raibu local 1. adj chihø´ (no) ᆀ᪁ࡡ , (no) ࣚ࢕ࣇࡡ  nama/jikkø rø´karu (na) ࣭ࣞ࢜ࣜ࡝ ; (of the høso (no) ⏍ᐁἛᨲ㏞ࡡ city) machí (no) ⏣ࡡ , (within livelihood n seikei ⏍゛ the city) shínai (no) ᕰහࡡ 2. lively adj (cheerful) yøki (na) 㝟 n jimoto ᆀඔ; local paper nchiẴ࡝ , (peppy) kappatsu (na) Ὡ hø´-shi ᆀ᪁⣤, chihø´-shinbun Ⓠ࡝ , ikiiki (to) shita ⏍ࡀ⏍ࡀ ᆀ᪁᩺⪲; local train n kakueki ࡛ ࡊࡒ, génki (na) ඔẴ࡝ , téisha (no ressha) ྘㥈ೳ㌬ࡡ (flourishing) nigíyaka (na) ㈨ࡷ า㌬ ࠾࣬࡞ࡁࡷ࠾࡝ location n 1. íchi న⨠, basho ሔᡜ liver n kimó ⫚, kanzø ⫚⮒; (as 2. (computer) rokëshon ࣞࢢ࣭ࢨ food) rébå ࣝࣁ࣭; liver transplant n ࣘࣤ 3. (shooting place) rokekan(-zø) ishoku ⫚⮒ ⛛᳔ chi ࣞࢢᆀ livestock n kachiku ᐓ⏾ lock 1. n jø(-mae) 㗼๑ , kagí 㘵, living allowance n seikatsu-hi teate rokku ࣞࢴࢠ 2. v ~s (a door) 485



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locker



(to ni) kagí o kakemásu ᡖ࡞ 㘵ࢅ᤻ࡄࡱࡌ࣬࠾ࡁࢅ࠾ࡄࡱࡌ; (shuts it) shimemásu 㛚ࡴࡱࡌ ࣬ࡊࡴࡱࡌ 3. it ~s v kagí ga kakarimásu 㘵࠿᤻࠾ࡽࡱࡌ࣬࠾ࡁ ࠿࠾࠾ࡽࡱࡌ, (it shuts) shimarimásu 㛚ࡱࡽࡱࡌ࣬ࡊࡱࡽࡱࡌ locker n rókkå ࣞࢴ࣭࢜; (coinoperated) baggage ~s koin rókkå ࢤ࢕ࣤࣞࢴ࣭࢜ lodging n (lodging house) geshuku (-ya) ୖᐙᒁ log n maruta ୷ኯ logic n rónri ㄵ⌦, rikutsu ⌦ᑿ login n(computer) roguin ࣞࢡ࢕ ࣤ, setsuzoku ᥃⤾ loin(s) n koshi ⭔ London n Róndon ࣞࣤࢺࣤ loneliness n kodoku Ꮣ≺࣬ࡆ࡜ࡂ lonely adj hitori (no) ࡥ࡛ࡽ࣬≺ ࡽࡡ , sabishíi ᐜࡊ࠷࣬ᾷࡊ࠷ ࣬ࡈࡦࡊ࠷, wabishíi ࢂࡦࡊ࠷࣬ ౦ࡦࡊ࠷, kokoro-bosói ᚨ⣵࠷; feel lonely sabishíi ᐜࡊ࠷࣬ᾷࡊ ࠷࣬ࡈࡦࡊ࠷ long 1. adj nagái 㛏࠷ 2. adv nágaku 㛏ࡂ 3. ~s for v machi-kogaremásu ᙽࡔ↌࠿ࡿࡱࡌ࣬ࡱࡔࡆ ࠿ࡿࡱࡌ; for a long time adv nágaku 㛏ࡂ࣬࡝࠿ࡂ, nagái aida 㛏࠷ 㛣, (in the past) máe kara ๑࠾ ࡼ; after a long time adv (of absence) hisashi-buri ni ஁ࡊࡩࡽ࡞࣬ࡥࡈ ࡊࡩࡽ; how long (a time) adv donogurai ࡜ࡡన࣬࡜ࡡࡂࡼ࠷; long ago adv mukashi ᪿ࣬ࡳ࠾ࡊ; súde-ni ᪜࡞࣬ࡌ࡚࡞; long and



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slender/narrow adj hosói ⣵࠷࣬࡮ ࡐ࠷; long awaited adj machidøshíi ᙽࡔ㐪ࡊ࠷ long-distance adj chø-kyóri (no) 㛏㊝㞫ࡡ ; long distance runner n chø-kyori rannå 㛏㊝㞫ࣚࣤࢻ࣭ longer adj mótto (nágaku) ࡵࡖ࡛ 㛏ࡂ ; no ~, not any ~ mø´ ࡵ࠹



+ [NEGATIVE] long-range adj chø´ki 㛏᭿ longsighted → farsighted long-winded adj kudó´i ࡂ࡜࠷ look 1. n (appearance) yøsu ᵕᏄ࣬ ࡻ࠹ࡌ; (personal appearance) kíryø ჹ㔖, kao 㢞; (a ~ in one’s eyes) mé-tsuki ┘௛ࡀ࣬┘ࡗࡀ 2. it ~s like v (as though) … yø´/ mítai desu …ࡻ࠹ࡲࡒ࠷࡚ࡌ;



[NOUN] dátta yø´/mítai desu … ࡓࡖࡒࡻ࠹ࡲࡒ࠷࡚ࡌ; [VERB]-



(r)u/-ta yø´/mítai desu ࠹>ࡾ@ࡒ ࡻ࠹ࡲࡒ࠷࡚ࡌ; [ADJECTIVE]i/-kátta yø´/mítai desu ࠷࠾ࡖࡒ ࡻ࠹ࡲࡒ࠷࡚ࡌ 3.~ (at) v (… o) mimásu …ࢅ ずࡱࡌ, look after v … no sewá o shimásu … ࡡୠヨࢅࡊࡱࡌ, … no mendø´ o mimásu …ࡡ㟻಻ࢅずࡱࡌ࣬… ࡡࡴࢆ࡜࠹ࢅࡲࡱࡌ, (a matter) shóri o shimásu ฌ⌦ࢅࡊࡱࡌ; (takes over) hiki-torimásu ᘤࡀ ཱིࡽࡱࡌ; look around for v (shop around for) busshoku shimásu ∸Ⰵࡊࡱࡌ; look back v furi-kaerimásu ᣲࡽ㏁ࡽࡱࡌ࣬ࡨࡽ࠾࠻ࡽ ࡱࡌ; look down v utsumukimásu ࠹ࡗࡳࡀࡱࡌ࣬ಟࡀࡱࡌ; look for 486



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ENGLISH–JAPANESE



love



① (searches) sagashimásu ᤒࡊ> ᥀ࡊ@ࡱࡌ; motomemásu ịࡴࡱ ࡌ࣬ࡵ࡛ࡴࡱࡌ, tazunemásu ᑖ ࡠࡱࡌ࣬ࡒࡍࡠࡱࡌ ② (expects) machimásu ᙽࡔࡱࡌ࣬ࡱࡔࡱ ࡌ; look out on, look out to v … o nozomimásu …ࢅ᭻ࡲࡱࡌ࣬… ࢅࡡࡑࡲࡱࡌ; look up v (a word) hikimásu ᘤࡀࡱࡌ࣬ࡥࡀࡱࡌ loom n hatá ᶭ loop n 1. (ring) wá ㍧ 2. (shape) kanjø ⎌≟; ~ line kanjø-sen ⎌ ≟⥲ 3. (computer) rüpu ࣭ࣜࣈ loophole n (hole) aná ✨࣬࢓ࢻ loose 1. adj yurúi ࡹࡾ࠷࣬⥾࠷, bára (de) ࡣࡼ࡚ 2. lets it ~ v (releases) hanashimásu ᨲࡊࡱ ࡌ࣬ࡢ࡝ࡊࡱࡌ 3. gets/comes ~ v zuremásu ࡍࡿࡱࡌ, (slack) tarumimásu ࡒࡾࡲ>ᘩࡲ@ࡱࡌ loot n ryakudatsu-hin ␆ዞဗ lord n (feudal) daimyø ኬྞ; ryøshu 㡷୹; go-shujin-sama ࡇ ୹ெᵕ lorry n torakku ࢹࣚࢴࢠ lose v nakushimásu ࡝ࡂࡊࡱࡌ, ushinaimásu ኶࠷ࡱࡌ࣬࠹ࡊ࡝ ࠷ࡱࡌ; (gets defeated) makemásu ㇿࡄࡱࡌ࣬ࡱࡄࡱࡌ, mairimásu ཤࡽࡱࡌ࣬ࡱ࠷ࡽࡱ ࡌ; lose color v (iró ga) samemásu Ⰵ࠿ࡈࡴࡱࡌ; lose consciousness v ki/íshiki o ushinaimásu Ẵណㆉ ࢅ኶࠷ࡱࡌ; lose patience v shibiré o kirashimásuࡊࡦࡿࢅวࡼࡊ ࡱࡌ loss n 1. songai ᥾ᐐ, sonshitsu



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᥾኶ 2. (defeat) make ㇿࡄ shippai ኶ᩃ lost 1. it gets ~ v naku-narimásu ࡝ࡂ࡝ࡽࡱࡌ 2. (a person) gets ~ v (michi ni) mayoimásu 㐠 ࡞ ㏖࠷ࡱࡌ࣬ࡱࡻ࠷ࡱࡌ 3. n (item) otoshimono ⴘ࡛ࡊ∸ lot 1. n (in a lottery) kúji ࡂࡋ࣬ ࢠࢩ; (vacant land) aki-chi ✭ࡀ ᆀ; parking ~ chüsha-jø 㥌㌬ሔ 2. a lot, lots adj (much/many) takusán (no) ࡒࡂࡈࢆ>Ἁᒜ@ࡡ , ø´i ኣ࠷࣬࠽࠽࠷, ø´ku no ኣࡂࡡ ࣬࠽࠽ࡂࡡ; ø´ku ኣࡂ࣬࠽࠽ࡂ, tábun ni ኣฦ࡞; yóku ࡻࡂ lottery n takará-kuji ᐀ࡂࡋ࣬᐀ࢠ ࢩ, fukubiki ⚗ᘤࡀ loud adj (noise) økíi ኬࡀ࠷࣬࠽ ࠽ࡀ࠷, ø´ki-na ኬࡀ࡝࣬࠽࠽ࡀ ࡝; in a ~ voice ø´góe de ኬኇ࡚, kowadaka (ni) ኇ㧏࡞ ; (color) hadé(na) ࡢ࡚>Ὤᡥ@࡝ loudspeaker n kakuséi-ki ᣉኇჹ, supíikå ࢪࣅ࣭࣭࢜ lounge n 1. (break room) kyükéishitsu ఆ៹ᐄ 2. (in a hotel, etc.) raunji ࣚࢗࣤࢩ lovable adj kawaíi ࠾ࢂ࠷࠷࣬ྊ យ࠷, kawairashíi ࠾ࢂ࠷ࡼࡊ࠷ ࣬ྊយࡼࡊ࠷ love 1. n kói ᜂ, ren’ai ᜂយ, ái យ, rabu ࣚࣇ; ~ marriage ren’aikékkon ᜂយ⤎፡ 2. n (tennis) rabu ࣚࣇ; fifteen ~ fifutiin rabu ࣆ࢔ࣆࢷ࢔࣭ࣤ࣬ࣚࣇ 3. v aishimásu យࡊࡱࡌ; kawai-garimásu ࠾ࢂ࠷>ྊយ@࠿ࡽࡱࡌ → like;



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lovely



falls in ~ (with) … ni horemásu …࡞ᝦࡿ>࡮ࡿ@ࡱࡌ, kói ni ochimásu ᜂ࡞ⴘࡔࡱࡌ; love affair n ren’ai-kánkei ᜂយ㛭౿, rómansu ࣏ࣞࣤࢪ lovely adj 1. airashii យࡼࡊ࠷ 2. (beautiful) utsukushii ⨶ࡊ࠷࣬ ࠹ࡗࡂࡊ࠷ 3. (pretty) kawaii ྊ យ࠷࣬࠾ࢂ࠷࠷ lover n koibito ᜂெ, íi-hito ࠷࠷ ெ; (devotee of …) (…no) aikøka …ࡡ យይᐓ low adj (short) hikúi ఩࠷; (cheap) yasúi Ꮽ࠷; ~ gear teisoku gí(y) a ఩㏷࢟࢓>ࣕ@; low blood pressure n tei-kétsúatsu ఩⾉ᅸ; low-wage adj tei-chingin (no) ఩㈜㔘ࡡ lower 1. adj shita (no) ୖࡡ ; ~ (cheaper) by ¥100 hyakuén-yasu ⓊළᏭ 2. ~s it v sagemásu ୖࡅ ࡱࡌ࣬ࡈࡅࡱࡌ, oroshimásu ୖࢀ ࡊࡱࡌ࣬࠽ࢀࡊࡱࡌ; ~ one’s eyes mé o fusemásu ┘ࢅఄࡎࡱࡌ, utsumukimásu ࠹ࡗࡳࡀࡱࡌ࣬ ಟࡀࡱࡌ lowest adj (minimum, minimal) sáika (no) ᭩ୖࡡ , (bottom) saitei (no) ᭩఩ࡡ ; the lowest (degree) saitei géndo ᭩఩㝀ᗐ lowly adj (shabby) iyashii ༚ࡊ࠷ ࣬࠷ࡷࡊ࠷ loyal adj chüjitsu (na) ᚽᐁ࡝ , seijitsu (na) ㄌᐁ࡝ luck n 1. ún 㐘 2. (fate) únmei 㐘 ࿤ 3. (happiness) shiawase ᖶࡎ ࣬ࡊ࠵ࢂࡎ; good luck ① interj ganbatte (kudasai). 㡱ᘿࡖ࡙ୖࡈ



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࠷࣬࠿ࢆࡣࡖ࡙ࡂࡓࡈ࠷ ② n køun ᖶ㐘; bad luck ① adj un ga warui 㐘࠿ᝇ࠷ ② n aku-un ᝇ 㐘, fu-un ୘㐘 lucky adj ún ga íi 㐘࠿࠷࠷; shiawase (na) ᖶࡎ࣬ࡊ࠵ࢂࡎ ࡝ ; (strikes it lucky) tsúite imásu ࡗ࠷࡙࠷ࡱࡌ; lucky bag n fuku-bukuro ⚗⾼ luggage n (te-)nímotsu ᡥ Ⲭ∸, temáwari ᡥᅂࡽ, temawari-hin ᡥᅂࡽဗ lukewarm adj nurúi ࡟ࡾ࠷ lumber n zaimoku ᮞᮄ, zái ᮞ lump n katamari ᅖࡱࡽ࣬ም࣬࠾ ࡒࡱࡽ lunch n hiru góhan ᫠ᚒ㣜࣬᫠ࡇ ࡢࢆ, chüshoku ᫠㣏, ránchi ࣚ ࣤࢲ; (box) bentø´ ᘒᙔ lung cancer n hai-gan ⫭࠿ࢆ࣬⫭⒬ lungs n hai ⫭ lure 1. n (decoy) otori ࠽࡛ࡽ 2. n (fishing) ruå ࣜ࢓࣭ 3. v obikidashimásu ࠽ࡦࡀฝࡊࡱࡌ lurid adj 1. (horrible) zottosuru ࡑࡖ࡛ࡌࡾ 2. (shocking) shokkingu (na) ࢨࣘࢴ࢞ࣤࢡ ࡝ 3. (bright red) makka (na) ┷ࡖ㉝࡝ luscious adj 1. (delicious) oishii ⨶࿝ࡊ࠷࣬࠽࠷ࡊ࠷ 2. (good smell) kaori ga/no yoi 㤮ࡽ࠿ࡡ Ⰳ࠷࣬࠾࠽ࡽ࠿ࡡࡻ࠷ lush adj (midori no) shigetta ⥫ ࡡ Ⱪࡖࡒ, aoao to shita 㟯ࠍ࡛ ࡊࡒ, mizumizushii ࡲࡍࡲࡍࡊ࠷ luxury, luxurious adj zeitákú (na)



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main



ࡏ࠷ࡒࡂ>㉍Ἁ@࡝ ; (deluxe) gø´ka (na) ㇞⳱࡝



lyrics n kashi ḯペ



M macaroni n makaroni ࣏࢜ࣞࢼ machine n kikái ᶭ᲌, mashin ࣏ ࢨࣤ machinery n kikái ᶭ᲌ mackerel n saba ࢦࣁ࣬㩾; mackerel pike n sanma ࢦ࣏ࣤ࣬⚽ภ㨮 mad adj (insane) ki-chigái (no) Ẵ㐢࠷ࡡ ; (goes mad) ki ga kuruimásu Ẵ࠿≤࠷ࡱࡌ; muchü ni narimásu ከ୯࡞࡝ࡽࡱࡌ; gets ~ (angry) okorimasu ᛛࡽ ࡱࡌ Madam n óku-san/-sama ዚࡈࢆᵕ, madamu ࣏ࢱ࣑ made → make made in …-sei; …⿿; ~ in Japan Nihon-sei (no) ᪝ᮇ⿿ࡡ , meido in japan ࣒࢕ࢺ࣬࢕ࣤ࣬ ࢩࣔࣂࣤ madman n kichigai Ẵ㐢࠷ madness n kyøki ≤Ẵ magazine n zasshi 㞟ヽ, magajin ࣏࢝ࢩࣤ magic (tricks) n téjina ᡥဗ; majikku ࣏ࢩࢴࢠ magical adj mahø (no) 㨩Ἢ ࡡ ; ~ world mahø no sekai 㨩 Ἢࡡୠ⏲ magician n tejiná-shi ᡥဗᖅ magistrate n hanji ึ஥ magnet n jíshaku ☚▴, magunetto



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࣏ࢡࢾࢴࢹ magnetic adj jíki (no) ☚Ẵࡡ , jíshaku (no) ☚▴ࡡ magnificent adj subarashíi ࡌࡣࡼ ࡊ࠷࣬⣪ᬍࡼࡊ࠷; sødai (na) ኅኬ࡝ magnifying glass n rüpe ࣭ࣜ࣋, mushi megane ⹰࣒࢝ࢾ magnitude n magunichüdo ࣏ࢡࢼ ࢲ࣭ࣖࢺ magpie n kasasagi ࢜ࢦࢦ࢟࣬㭄 mahjong n majan ࣏࣭ࢩࣔࣤ࣬㯖 㞓; mahjong parlor n måjan-ya ࣏࣭ ࢩࣔࣤ>㯖㞓@ᒁ mahogany n mahoganii ࣏࣌࢝ ࢼ࣭ maid n (servant) otétsudai(-san) ࠽ᡥఎ࠷ࡈࢆ , më´do/meido ࣒࣭ࢺ࣒࢕ࢺ maiden n otome ஍ዥ࣬࠽࡛ࡴ, (girl) shøjo ᑛዥ mail 1. n yübin 㒉౼ 2. v (~s it) (tegami o) dashimásu ᡥ⣤ ࢅ ฝࡊࡱࡌ࣬ࡓࡊࡱࡌ, yüsø shimásu 㒉㏞ࡊࡱࡌ; mail box n yübínbako 㒉౼⟵, pósuto ࣎ࢪ ࢹ; mail drop n pósuto ࣎ࢪࢹ; mail order n tsüshin hanbai ㏳ಘ㈅኉ mailman, mail deliverer n yübin-ya (san) 㒉౼ᒁࡈࢆ main adj ómo (na) ୹࡝ , shuyø (na) ୹こ࡝ ; hon-… ᮇ…; main



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mainland



course n mein køsu ࣒࢕ࣤࢤ࣭ࢪ; main store n honten ᮇᗉ mainland n hondo ᮇᅰ mainly adv ómo ni ୹࡞ mainstream n honryü ᮇὮ maintain v (preserves) hóshu shimásu ಕᏬࡊࡱࡌ; (supports) shíji/íji shimásu ᨥᣚ⥌ᣚࡊࡱ ࡌ; (insists) shuchø shimásu ୹ ᘿࡊࡱࡌ maintenance n (preservation) hóshu ಕᏬ; (support) shíji ᨥᣚ, (upkeep) íji ⥌ᣚ majesty n ø zoku ⋜᪐; Your Majesty interj Heika 㝆ୖ major n (army) shøsa ᑛఫ; (line/ field/study) senmon ᑍ㛓; (mainstream) mejå ࣒ࢩ࣭ࣔ; (study) senkø (shimásu) ᑍᨯࡊࡱࡌ → main → big; major city n shuyø tóshi ୹こ㒌ᕰ; major general n shø´shø ᑛᑑ majority n dai-búbun ኬ㒂ฦ, daitasü´ ኬኣᩐ, (more than half) kahansü 㐛༖ᩐ make 1. v (does) shimásu ࡊࡱࡌ; (creates) tsukurimásu షࡽࡱࡌ, (concocts) koshiraemásu ࡆࡊ ࡼ࠻ࡱࡌ 2. n seizø ⿿㏸, (type) kata(-shiki) ᆵᘟ ; make a fire v (hí o) takimásu ℾࢅ ↇࡀࡱࡌ࣬ ࡒࡀࡱࡌ; make a living v kurashimásu ᬵࡼࡊࡱࡌ; make do v (with



☔࠾ࡴࡱࡌ; make the most of … v o ikashimásu …ࢅ⏍࠾ࡊࡱࡌ make-believe adj mise-kake (no)



ずࡎ࠾ࡄ࣬ࡲࡎ࠾ࡄࡡ maker n (manufacturer) më´kå ࣒ ࣭࣭࢜, seizø-moto ⿿㏸ඔ makeup n keshø´ ໩⢕, mëkyáppu ࣒࣭࢞ࣔࢴࣈ; (cosmetics) keshø hin ໩⢕ဗ malady n byøki ⑋Ẵ malaria n mararia ࣏ࣚࣛ࢓ male 1. n otokó⏠, dansei ⏠ᛮ; (animal) (…no) osú …ࡡ 㞕; ~ and female dánjo ⏠ዥ 2. adj (gender ) otokó (no) ⏠ࡡ , dansei (no) ⏠ᛮࡡ ; (animal) osú (no) 㞕ࡡ malevolence n akui ᝇណ malfunction n koshø ᨶ㝸 malice n ákúi ᝇណ malignant adj akushitsu (na) ᝇ㈹ ࡝ mall n (shoppingu) møru ࢨࣘࢴ ࣅࣤࢡ ࣓࣭ࣜ mallet n kizuchi ᮄᵌ; mallet of luck n uchide no kozuchi ᡬࡔฝࡡ ᑚᵌ malt n bakuga 㯇ⰾ; malt beer n moruto biiru ࣓ࣜࢹࣄ࣭ࣜ mama n mama ࣏࣏, o-kåsan ࠽࠾ ࠵ࡈࢆ࣬࠽ẍࡈࢆ, o-kåchan ࠽ ࠾࠵ࡔࡶࢆ࣬࠽ẍࡔࡶࢆ mammal n honyü-rui ဳ஘㢦, …) (…de) ma-ni-awasemásu honyü døbutsu ဳ஘ິ∸ …࡚ 㛣࡞ྙࢂࡎࡱࡌ; make up mammoth n manmosu ࣏࣓ࣤࢪ for v …o oginaimásu …ࢅ⿭࠷ man n 1. (male) otokó ⏠, otoko ࡱࡌ; make sure v tashikamemásu no hitó/katá ⏠ࡡெ᪁, dánshi



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marathon



⏠Ꮔ, (middle-aged) oji-san ࠽ࡋ ࡈࢆ, (old) ojíisan ࠽ࡋ࠷ࡈࢆ, (young) o-níi-san ࠽ඕࡈࢆ 2. (person) hito ெ, … hitó …ெ manage v (treats) tori-atsukaimásu ཱིࡽ᡽࠷ࡱࡌ; (copes with) shóri shimásu ฌ⌦ࡊࡱࡌ; (runs a business) keiei shimásu ⤊ႜࡊ ࡱࡌ; (a team) kantoku shimásu ┐╡ࡊࡱࡌ; manage to (do) dø´ni ka shimásu ࡜࠹࡞࠾ࡊࡱࡌ; konashimásu ࡆ࡝ࡊࡱࡌ manager n kanri-nin ⟮⌦ெ, mánë´jå ࣏ࢾ࣭ࢩ࣭ࣔ; (sports) kantoku ┐╡ Manchuria n Mánshü ‫‮‬ᕗ Mandarin Chinese n Mandarin ࣏ࣤ ࢱࣛࣤ, Chügoku hyøjun-go ୯ᅗ ᵾ‵ㄊ, pekin-go ໪ாㄊ mandatory adj kyøsei-teki (na) ᙁ โⓏ࡝ mane n tategami ࡒ࡙࠿ࡲ maneuver n sakusen షᡋ, enshü ⁿ⩞ manga n (comic) manga ₌⏤࣬ࡱ ࢆ࠿࣏࣬ࣤ࢝ mangle v zutazuta ni shimásu ࡍ ࡒࡍࡒ࡞ࡊࡱࡌ, mechamecha ni shimásu ࡴࡔࡶࡴࡔࡶ࡞ࡊࡱࡌ mango n mangø ࣏ࣤࢥ࣭ manhandle v teara ni atsukaimásu ᡥⲠ࡞᡽࠷ࡱࡌ manhood n 1. (manly) otoko rashisa ⏠ࡼࡊࡈ 2. (adult male) seijin danshi ᠺெ⏠Ꮔ, seinen dansei ᠺᖳ⏠ᛮ maniac n maniakku ࣏ࢼ࢓ࢴࢠ



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manicure n manikyua ࣏ࢼ࢞ࣖ࢓ manifest 1. adj akiraka (na) ᪺ࡼ ࠾࣬࠵ࡀࡼ࠾࡝ 2. v arawaremásu ⌟ࡿࡱࡌ, (make it clear) akiraka ni shimásu ᪺ࡼ࠾࡞ ࡊࡱࡌ Manila n Mánira ࣏ࢼࣚ manipulate v søjü shimásu ᧧ ⦢ࡊࡱࡌ, (a person) (hito o) ayatsuru ெࢅ ᧧ࡾ࣬࠵ࡷࡗࡾ mankind n jinrui ெ㢦 manly adj otokorashii ⏠ࡼࡊ࠷ mannequin n manekin (ningyø) ࣏ ࢾ࢞ࣤெᙟ manner (of doing) n yari-kata ࡷ ࡽ᪁, shi-kata ௘᪁; furí ࡨࡽ; (fashion) (…) fü … 㢴࣬ࡨ࠹ manners n gyøgi ⾔ൢ, sáhø షἪ, manå ࣏ࢻ࣭ → etiquette manor n shøen Ⲧᅧ manpower n rødø-ryoku ຘ഼ງ mansion n daigøtei ኬ㑨Ꮹ mantelpiece n rodana ⅌Წ, danro no mae no tana ᬦ⅌ࡡ๑ࡡᲬ manual n manyuaru ࣏ࢼࣖ࢓ࣜ, tebikisho ᡥᘤࡀ᭡ manufacture v seisan/seizø shimásu ⏍⏐⿿㏸ࡊࡱࡌ, tsukurimásu ష>㏸@ࡽࡱࡌ࣬ࡗࡂࡽࡱࡌ manuscript n genkø ཋ✇ many adj takusán (no) ࡒࡂࡈࢆ >Ἁᒜ@ࡡ , ø´ku (no) ኣࡂࡡ ; how ~ íkutsu ࠷ࡂࡗ, nán-… ర… map n chízu ᆀᅒ, mappu ࣏ࢴࣈ, (diagram) zu ᅒ marathon n marason ࣏ࣚࢮࣤ; ~



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ENGLISH–JAPANESE



marbles



runner marason senshu ࣏ࣚࢮࣤ 㐽ᡥ, marason rannå ࣏ࣚࢮࣤࣚ ࣤࢻ࣭; ~ relay race ekiden 㥈ఎ marbles n o-hájiki ࠽ࡢࡋࡀ, biidama ࣄ࣭⋚ march 1. n køshin ⾔㐅, måchi ࣏ ࣭ࢲ 2. (music) køshin kyoku ⾔㐅᭜ 3. v køshin shimásu ⾔ 㐅ࡊࡱࡌ March n Sán-gatsu ୔᭮࣬3᭮ mare n (horse) meuma 㞜㤷 margarine n mågarin ࣏࣭࢝ࣛࣤ margin n (white space) yohaku ఴ Ⓣ; (leeway) yoyü ఴ⿩, yochi ఴ ᆀ; (price difference) rizáya ฺ 㠟ฺ࣬ࡉࡷ, måjin ࣏࣭ࢩࣤ marijuana n marifana ࣏ࣛࣆ࢒ࢻ marina n mariina ࣏࣭ࣛࢻ marine(s), Marine Corps n kaihei tai ᾇඹ㝪 marital adj kon’in (no) ፡ጵࡡ mark 1. n (sign) shirushi ༰, kigø エྒ, måku ࣏࣭ࢠ, ato ㊟ 2. n (vestige) konseki ⑖㊟; leaves a ~ konseki o nokoshimásu ⑖㊟ࢅ ṟࡊࡱࡌ 3. n (score point) ten Ⅴ, (score) tensü´ Ⅴᩐ; (school grades) seiseki ᠺ⦴ 4. v (makes



marriage n kekkon ⤎፡; ~ proposal endan ⦍ㄧ marrow n kotsuzui 㦭㧂 marry v (… to) kekkon shimásu …࡛ ⤎፡ࡊࡱࡌ Mars n kasei ℾ᫅ marsh n numa (chi) ἗ᆀ martial arts n bújutsu Ṃ⾙, búdø Ṃ㐠; ~ hall dø jø 㐠ሔ marvelous adj suteki (na) ࡌ࡙ࡀ >⣪ᩓ@࡝ , sugói ࡌࡇ࠷࣬෴࠷ mask n men 㟻, kamen ௫㟻, másuku ࣏ࢪࢠ; (Noh drama) nø-men ⬗㟻 mash v suritsubushimásu ࡌࡽ₵ ࡊࡱࡌ࣬ࡌࡽࡗࡩࡊࡱࡌ mason n sekkø ▴ᕝ masquerade n kasø påtii ௫⿞ࣂ࣭ ࢷ࢔, kamen budø kai ௫㟻⯑ ㊻ఌ mass n 1. (Buddhist) høji Ἢ஥, (Catholic) mísa࣐ࢦ 2. (lump) katamari ᅖࡱࡽ࣬ም; (people) taishü ኬ⾏, køshü ප⾏, minshü Ằ⾏; mass media n ࣏ࢪ࣒ࢸ࢔࢓ massacre 1. n daigyakusatsu ኬ ⹚ṽ, minagoroshi ⓑṽࡊ 2. v gyakusatsu shimásu ⹚ṽࡊࡱࡌ a ~ on) (… ni) shirushi/kigø/ten massage 1. n masså´ji ࣏ࢴࢦ࣭ࢩ, anma ࠵ࢆࡱ࣬ᣠ᦮ 2. v (rubs o tsukemásu …࡞ ༰エྒⅤ ࢅ௛ࡄࡱࡌ with both hands) momimásu ᥛ market n íchi(-bá) ᕰሔ , shijø ᕰ ࡲࡱࡌ࣬ࡵࡲࡱࡌ ሔ, må´kétto ࣏࣭ࢢࢴࢹ; vegeta- masseur n massåjí-shi ࣏ࢴࢦ࣭ࢩ ble ~ seika íchiba 㟯ᯕᕰሔ ᖅ, anma ࠵ࢆࡱ࣬ᣠ᦮ marmalade n måmarëdo ࣏࣭࣏ࣝ massive adj bødai (na) ⭶ኬ࡝ ࣭ࢺ mast n hashira ᰍ, masuto ࣏ࢪࢹ maroon n kuri iro ᰡⰅ࣬ࡂࡽⰅ master n 1. (of house) shújin ୹



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meal



ெ, danna-san/-sama ᪞㑛ࡈ ࢆᵕ 2. (of shop) masutå ࣏ ࢪࢰ࣭, danna ᪞㑛 3. (owner) (mochí-)nushi ᣚࡔ ୹ 4. (college degree) shü´shi ಞኃ masturbate v jíi/shuin o shimásu ⮤័ᡥῐࢅࡊࡱࡌ, onanii o shimásu ࢛ࢻࢼ࣭ࢅࡊࡱࡌ mat n shiki-mono ᩔ∸࣬ࡊࡀࡵࡡ, mátto ࣏ࢴࢹ; (Japanese floor) tatami ␒࣬ࢰࢰ࣐, (thin) gozá ࡇࡉ࣬ࢥࢧ match 1. n (sports) shiai ムྙ, kyø´gi ❿ᢇ; (contest) shø´bu ົ ㇿ 2. v (~es, equals, is a ~ for) … ni kanaimásu …࡞࠾࡝࠷ࡱ ࡌ, …to yóku aimásu …࡛ࡻࡂ ྙ࠷ࡱࡌ matchbox n matchí-bako ࣏ࢴࢲ⟵ matchmaker n 1. matchí seizø gyøsha ࣏ࢴࢲ⿿㏸ᴏ⩽ 2. nakødo ௯ெ࣬࡝ࡆ࠹࡜ mate n 1. (friend) nakama ௯㛣, tomodachi ཪ㐡࣬ཪࡓࡔ 2. (spouse) haigü-sha 㒼ഃ⩽; classmate n døkyü-sei ྜྷ⣥⏍, kurasu meito ࢠࣚࢪ࣒࢕ࢹ materials n zairyø´ ᮞᩩ, genryø´ ཋᩩ, shíryø ㈠ᩩ mathematics n 1. sügaku ᩐᏕ; mathematician sügáku-sha ᩐ Ꮥ⩽ 2. (subject of elementary school) sansü ⟤ᩐ࣬ࡈࢆࡌ࠹ matinee n máchínë ࣏ࢲࢾ࣭; hiru no bú ᫠ࡡ㒂 matter n 1. kotó ஥࣬ࡆ࡛, (problem) mondai ၡ㢗࣬ࡵࢆࡓ



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࠷ 2. (something that is) the ~ (amiss, wrong) ijø ␏ᖏ, (hitch) komátta kotó ᅏࡖࡒ஥࣬ࡆࡱ ࡖࡒࡆ࡛; It doesn’t matter. interj Kamaimasén ᵋ࠷ࡱࡎࢆ࣬࠾ࡱ ࠷ࡱࡎࢆ. mattress n mattoresu ࣏ࢴࢹࣝࢪ mature v (growth, developed) seijuku shimásu ᠺ⇅ࡊࡱࡌ maturity n seijuku ᠺ⇅ mausoleum n (an Imperial tomb) ryø´ 㝘, (dai)reibyø ኬ 㟃ᗹ maxim n kakugen ᰹ゕ maximum n saidai-gén ᭩ኬ㝀 May n Gó-gatsu ஫᭮࣬5᭮ may v (perhaps) …kámo shiremasén …࠾ࡵࡊࡿࡱࡎࢆ; (it is



OK to do) (shi)-témo íi desu ࡊ ࡙ࡵ࠷࠷࡚ࡌ maybe adv tábun (… deshø´) ኣฦ …࡚ࡊࡺ࠹ , … kámo shiremasén …࠾ࡵࡊࡿࡱࡎࢆ; hyótto shita ra/shite/suru to ࡥࡺࡖ࡛ࡊ ࡒࡼࡊ࡙ࡌࡾ࡛; arúi-wa ࠵ࡾ ࠷ࡢ࣬ᡀ࠷ࡢ mayonnaise n mayonëzu ࣏ࣙࢾ࣭ࢫ mayor n shichø´ ᕰ㛏 maze n meiro ㏖㊨, meikyü ㏖ᐋ me pron watashi ࢂࡒࡊ࣬⚶, watakushi ࢂࡒࡂࡊ࣬⚶; (male) boku ࡯ࡂ࣬ൃ, [unrefined] ore ࠽ࡿ࢛࣬ࣝ࣬ದ; watashi/ watakushi (o/ni) ⚶ࢅ࡞ ; (male) boku/ore (o/ni) ൃದࢅ࡞ meager adj sukunái ᑛ࡝࠷, toboshii இࡊ࠷ meal n (o-)shokuji ࠽ 㣏஥



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mean



(o-)shokuji o shimásu ࠽ 㣏஥ ࢅࡊࡱࡌ, góhan ࡇ㣜 góhan o tabemásu ࡇ㣜ࢅ㣏࡬ࡱࡌ; a set/ complete meal n teishoku ᏽ㣏 mean v it ~s … … to iu ími desu …࡛࠷࠹ណ࿝࡚ࡌ; … o ími shimásu …ࢅណ࿝ࡊࡱࡌ; what I ~ is … ii-tai kotó wa … ゕ࠷ࡒ ࠷஥ࡢ…࣬࠷࠷ࡒ࠷ࡆ࡛ࡢ… meaning n ími ណ࿝, wáke ズ࣬ࢂ ࡄ; (significance) ígi ណ⩇; (what one wants to say) ii-tai kotó ゕ ࠷ࡒ࠷஥࣬࠷࠷ࡒ࠷ࡆ࡛ means n 1. shúdan ᡥṹ, høhø ᪁ Ἢ, shi-kata ௘᪁, shi-yø ௘ᵕ 2. → mean; by all means zé-hi ᫕ 㟸࣬ࡏࡥ; means of transportation n køtsü shudan ஹ㏳ᡥṹ; køtsü kikan ஹ㏳ᶭ㛭; use any means hudan o erabimasen ᡥṹࢅ㐽 ࡦࡱࡎࢆ meantime n aida 㛣࣬࠵࠷ࡓ; in the meantime adv sono aida (ni) ࡐࡡ ࠵࠷ࡓ࣬ࡐࡡ㛣࡞ , sono-uchi (ni) ࡐࡡ࠹ࡔ࡞ meanwhile adv sono-uchi (ni) ࡐࡡ ࠹ࡔ࡞ ; (on the other hand) ippø´ ୌ᪁ measles n hashika ࡢࡊ࠾ measure 1. n → (a) means 2. n (ruler) mono-sáshí ∸ᕣࡊ, mejå ࣒ࢩ࣭ࣔ 3. ~s it v hakarimásu ゛ࡽࡱࡌ; measuring tape n makijaku ᕬࡀᑵ measurement(s) n sunpø ᑇἪ meat n (o-)níku ࠽ ⫏࣬࠽ ࢼࢠ; grilled ~ yaki-niku ↕⫏࣬ࣕ࢞ࢼࢠ



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mechanic n (car repairman) shürí kø ಞ⌦ᕝ, seibi-shi ᩒങኃ; automobile ~ jidøsha seibishi ⮤ ິ㌬ᩒങኃ medal n medaru ࣒ࢱࣜ, kunshø ໌❮; gold ~ kin medaru 㔘࣒ ࢱࣜ medallion n øgata medaru ኬᆵ࣒ ࢱࣜ meddle v o-sékkai o yakimásu ࠽ ࡎࡖ࠾࠷>࠽⟿௒@ࢅ↕ࡀࡱࡌ media n (masu-)media ࣏ࢪ ࣒ࢸ ࢔࢓ → mass mediator n assen-sha ࠵ࡖࡎࢆ࣬ ᩯ᪍⩽; chøtei-sha ㄢೳ⩽; chüsai-nin ௯⿚ெ medical adj igaku no ༈Ꮥࡡ, naika no හ⛁ࡡ; medical department n ígaku bu ༈Ꮥ㒂, íkyoku ༈ᑻ; medical examination n shinsatsu タ ᐳ, kenkø´ shindan ೸ᗛタ᩷ medicine n 1. kusuri ⷾ࣬ࡂࡌࡽ, [FORMAL] yakuzai ⷾ๠ 2. (doctoring) ígaku ༈Ꮥ meditation n mokusø 㯪᝷; meisø ╺᝷; meditëshon ࣒ࢸ࢔ࢷ࢕ࢨ ࣘࣤ; (ascetic training) shugyø ಞ⾔, gyø´ ⾔; (Zen) zazen ᗑ⚑ Mediterranean n chichü-kai ᆀ୯ᾇ medium 1. adj chükan (no) ୯㛣 ࡡ 2. n chükan ୯㛣; baitai ፳మ; medium-size n (model) chügata ୯ᆵ meek adj súnao (na) ࡌ࡝࠽>⣪ ├@࡝ meet v 1. (sees a person) …ni aimásu …࡞ఌ࠷ࡱࡌ; (welcomes) …o mukaemásu …ࢅ㎼࠻ࡱࡌ,



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mercy



… o de-mukaemásu …ࢅฝ㎼࠻ ࡱࡌ (happens to meet) de-aimásu ฝఌ࠷ࡱࡌ, (encounters) ses-shimásu ᥃ࡊࡱࡌ 2. (they assemble) atsumarimásu 㞗ࡱࡽ ࡱࡌ, shügø shimásu 㞗ྙࡊࡱࡌ meeting n 1. kái ఌ; (mass ~) taikai ኬఌ; (conference) káigí ఌ㆗, miitingu ࣐࣭ࢷ࢔ࣤࢡ 2. (interview) menkai 㟻ఌ; (of prospective bride and groom) miai ずྙ࠷ 3. (by prior arrangement) uchi-awase ᡬࡔ ྙࢂࡎ megahertz (MHz) n megaherutsu ࣒࢝ࣉࣜࢵ melancholy n, adj yüutsu (na) ៟࠹ ࡗ࣬ࡹ࠹࠹ࡗ࡝ , merankorii (na) ࣒ࣚࣤࢤ࣭ࣛ࡝ mellow v (gets ~) enjuku shimásu ළ⇅ࡊࡱࡌ melody n merodii ࣒ࣞࢸ࢔࣭, senritsu ᪍ᚂ melon n méron ࣒ࣞࣤ; úri ⎡࣬ࢗࣛ melt v (it ~s) tokemásu ⁈ࡄࡱࡌ; (~s it) tokashimásu ⁈࠾ࡊࡱࡌ member n ménbå ࣒ࣤࣁ࣭, kai-in ఌဤ; (ichi-)in ୌ ဤ membership n ménbå shippu ࣒ࣤ ࣁ࣭ࢨࢴࣈ, kai-in ఌဤ memo(randum) n mémo ࣒࣓ memorial n kinen hi エᛍ◻; memorial service n (remembrance ceremony) tuitø-shiki ㏛ᝒᘟ; (funeral) kokubetsu-shiki ࿈ื ᘟ; (100 days after the death) hyákkanichi Ⓤ࠾᪝



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memorize v anki shimásu ᬧエ ࡊࡱࡌ memory n obóe つ࠻࣬࠽࡯࠻, monoóboe ∸つ࠻࣬ࡵࡡ࠽࡯࠻, kioku エ᠀, (computer) memori ࣒࣓ࣛ, memorii ࣒࣓࣭ࣛ, (capacity) kiokú-ryoku エ᠀ງ; (a recollection) omoide ᛦ࠷ฝ memory stick n memori stikku ࣒࣓ ࣛࢪࢷ࢔ࢴࢠ men → man mend v ~s it naoshimásu ├ࡊࡱ ࡌ࣬࡝࠽ࡊࡱࡌ, tsukuroimásu ⧃࠷ࡱࡌ࣬ࡗࡂࢀ࠷ࡱࡌ menstruation n gekkei ᭮⤊, seiri ⏍⌦ mental adj séishin (no) ⢥♼ࡡ ; mental disease n seishin-byø ⢥ ♼⑋, seishin shøgai ⢥♼㝸ᐐ, seishin shikkan ⢥♼⑄ᝀ mentality n shínri ᚨ⌦, kangaekata ⩻࠻᪁ mention 1. v … ni furemásu … ࡞よࡿࡱࡌ; [BOOKISH] …ni genkyü shimásu …࡞ゕཀྵࡊࡱࡌ 2. → say; Don’t mention it. interj Dø´ itashimashite. ࡜࠹࠷ࡒࡊ ࡱࡊ࡙. mentor n (yoki) jogen-sha Ⰳࡀ ຐゕ⩽, shidø-sha ᣞᑙ⩽, senpai ඙㍦ menu n kondate ⊡❟࣬ࡆࢆࡓ࡙, ményü ࣒ࢼ࣭ࣖ merchandise n shøhin ၛဗ merchant n shø´nin ၛெ mercy n megumi ᜠࡲ࣬ࡴࡃࡲ; nasake ᝗ࡄ࣬࡝ࡈࡄ



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ENGLISH–JAPANESE mahogany



mere



mere adj hon no … ࡮ࢆࡡ…; táda ࡒࡓ; [BOOKISH] tán naru … ༟࡝ࡾ… merely adv táda ࡒࡓ, tatta ࡒࡖࡒ; [BOOKISH] tán ni ༟࡞ merge v (they unite) gappei shimásu ྙెࡊࡱࡌ; (they flow together) gøryü shimásu ྙὮࡊࡱࡌ merger n gappei ྙె; (confluence) gøryü ྙὮ merit n (strong point) chø´sho 㛏ᡜ merry adj yúkai (na) ញᛄ࣬ࡹ࠾ ࠷࡝ , (bustling) nigíyaka (na) ࡞ࡁࡷ࠾>㈨ࡷ࠾@࡝ ; Merry Christmas. interj Kurísúmásu omedetø ࢠࣛࢪ࣏ࢪ࠽ࡴ࡚࡛࠹ mess n (disorder) konran Ί஗; (predicament) komátta koto ᅏࡖ ࡒ஥࣬ࡆࡱࡖࡒࡆ࡛, (plight) (kurushíi) hamé ⱖࡊ࠷ ⩒┘; makes a damn ~ of it héma o yarakashimásu ࡫ࡱ>ࣉ࣏@ࢅࡷࡼ ࠾ࡊࡱࡌ message n kotozuke ࡆ࡛ࡘࡄ࣬ゕ ௛ࡄ, kotozute ࡆ࡛ࡘ࡙࣬ゕఎ࡙, méssëji ࣒ࢴࢬ࣭ࢩ, o-tsuge ࠽ ࿈ࡅ; message board n dengonban ఎゕᯀ messenger n tsukai ౐࠷, (Internet) messenjå ࣒ࢴࢬࣤࢩ࣭ࣔ; messenger of God n kami no tsukai ♼ࡡ౐࠷ messiah n kyüsei-shu ᨾୠ୹, meshia ࣒ࢨ࢓ messy adj kitanái ỗ࠷࣬ࡀࡒ࡝ ࠷, chirakatte(i)ru ᩋࡼ࠾ࡖ࡙



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࠷ ࡾ metal n kínzoku 㔘ᒌ, metaru ࣒ࢰࣜ; heavy metal n (music) hebimeta ࣉࣄ࣒ࢰ meter n 1. (of length) mëtoru ࣒࣭ ࢹࣜ 2. (device) kéiki ゛ჹ, mëtå ࣒࣭ࢰ࣭ method n shi-kata ௘᪁; shi-yø ௘ ᵕ, høhø ᪁Ἢ, … hø´…Ἢ metro(politan) adj tokai (no) 㒌ఌ ࡡ ; (run by Tokyo) toei 㒌ႜ Mexico n mekishiko ࣒࢞ࢨࢤ microcomputer n maikuro konpyüta/konpyütå ࣏࢕ࢠࣞࢤࣤࣅ ࣭ࣖࢰࢤࣤࣅ࣭ࣖࢰ࣭ microphone n maiku ࣏࢕ࢠ, maikurohon ࣏࢕ࢠࣞ࣌ࣤ microscope n kenbi-kyø 㢟᚜㙶 microwave n (kitchen ~) denshi renji 㞹Ꮔࣝࣤࢩ midday n mahiru ┷᫠, shøgo ḿ༔ middle adj mannaka (no) ┷ࢆ୯࣬ ࡱࢆ࡝࠾ࡡ , chükan (no) ୯㛣 ࡡ ; the middle of (month) n chüjun ୯᪢, nakaba ༖ࡣ࣬࡝࠾ࡣ; middle of the night n (ma)yonaka ┷እ୯ midnight n ma-yónaka ┷እ୯ midst n (… no) sáichü …ࡡ ᭩୯ might 1. n → perhaps 2. v → power mild adj yawarakái ᯺ࡼ࠾࠷࣬ࡷ ࢂࡼ࠾࠷; (taste) maroyaka ࡱࢀ ࡷ࠾; (moderate) odayaka (na) ✔ࡷ࠾࡝ mile n mairu ࣏࢕ࣜ military n, adj gunrai (no)㌯㝪



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ࡡ , gunjin (no) ㌯ெࡡ ; military base n (gunji) kíchí ㌯஥ ᇱᆀ; military officer n shø´kø ᑑᰧ; military uniform n gunpuku ㌯᭱ milk n míruku ࣐ࣜࢠ, gyünyü ∭ ஘; mother’s ~ chichí ஘, bonyü ẍ஘ millet n áwa ࠵ࢂ࣬࢓࣠࣬⢎ milligram n miriguramu ࣐ࣛࢡ࣑ࣚ million n hyaku mán Ⓤ୒࣬1,000,000 millionaire n mirionerå ࣐࢛ࣛࢾࣚ ࣭, hyaku man chøja Ⓤ୒㛏⩽ mimic n … no mane (o shimásu) …ࡡࡱࡠ>┷జ@ࢅࡊࡱࡌ minced meat n hiki-niku ᣺ࡀ⫏࣬ ࣃ࢞ࢼࢠ mind n kokóro ᚨ, omói ᛦ࠷࣬᝷ ࠷, séishin ⢥♼; muné ᪠࣬ࡳࡠ; ki Ẵ; kokorozashi ᚷ, (what one has in mind) tsumori ࡗࡵࡽ, ikø ណྡྷ; bear/keep in mind fukumimásu ྱࡲࡱࡌ; oboemásu つ ࠻ࡱࡌ; Do you mind? interj Íi desu ka? ࠷࠷࡚ࡌ࠾"; if you don’t mind adv nan-nára ࡝ࢆ࡝ࡼ, yoroshikáttara ࡻࢀࡊ>᏿ࡊ@࠾ࡖ ࡒࡼ; one’s right mind n shøki ḿẴ; set one’s mind v kokoro-zashimásu ᚷࡊࡱࡌ࣬ࡆࡆࢀࡉࡊࡱࡌ mine pron (my) wata(ku)shi no ࢂ ࡒࡂ ࡊࡡ࣬⚶ࡡ mine n (coal, etc.) kø´zan 㖌ᒜ miner n tankø sagyøin ⅛ᆔషᴏဤ minimal adj (smallest, least) saishø no ᭩ᑚࡡ; (lowest) saitei (no) ᭩ ఩ࡡ , sáika (no) ᭩ୖࡡ minimum 1. n (degree) saishø-gén



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᭩ᑚ㝀 2. adj → minimal; minimum rate n saitei chingin ᭩఩㈜㔘; minimum standard of living n saitei seikatsu suijun ᭩఩⏍ὩỀ‵ minister n (pastor) bokushi ∶ᖅ; (cabinet) dáijin ኬ⮟ minus n mainasu ࣏࢕ࢻࢪ minute n …-fun …ฦ; in a minute adv súgu (ni) ࡌࡃ࡞ ; tadáima ࡒࡓ௑࣬྅௑࣬ࡒࡓ࠷ࡱ; minutes after adv chokugo (ni) ├ᚃ࡞ minute adj 1. (fine, detailed) bisai (na) ᚜⣵࡝ , seimitsu (na) ⢥ 2. ᐠ࡝ minutes n gijiroku ㆗஥㘋 mirror 1. n kagamí 㙶࣐࣬࢜࢝ 2. v (reflects it) utsushimásu ᫆ ࡊࡱࡌ; side mirror n (car) saido mirå ࢦ࢕ࢺ࣐࣭ࣚ; rearview mirror n (car) bakku mirå ࣁࢴࢠ࣐࣭ࣚ miscarriage n ryü´zan Ὦ⏐ miscast v haiyaku o ayamarimásu 㒼ᙲࢅㄏࡽࡱࡌ࣬࠵ࡷࡱࡽࡱࡌ miscellaneous adj samazama (na) ᵕࠍ࣬ࡈࡱࡉࡱ࡝ , zatta (na) 㞟ኣ࡝ ; ~ goods zakka 㞟㈄ mischief n itazura ࠷ࡒࡍࡼ࣬ᝇᡑ mischievous adj wanpaku (na) ⭆ Ⓣ࣬࣠ࣤࣂࢠ࡝ ; ~ child itazurakko ࠷ࡒࡍࡼࡖᏄ miserable adj wabishíi ࢂࡦࡊ࠷࣬ ౦ࡊ࠷; nasake-nái ᝗ࡄ࡝࠷࣬ ࡝ࡈࡄ࡝࠷ misfortune n fukø´ ୘ᖶ, wazawai ⅇ࠷࣬ࢂࡉࢂ࠷ mishap n kegá ࡄ࠿࣬ᛱᠻ, wazawai ⅇ࠷࣬ࢂࡉࢂ࠷ → accident



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misrepresent v gomakashimásu ࡇ ࡱ࠾ࡊࡱࡌ࣬ㄏ㨩໩ࡊࡱࡌ miss 1. n (mistake) mísu ࣐ࢪ 2. v (goes wide off the mark) hazuremásu አࡿࡱࡌ࣬ࡢࡍࡿ ࡱࡌ, (fails) shippai shimásu ኶ ᩃࡊࡱࡌ 3. v (is not in time for) (…ni) ma ni aimasén …࡞ 㛣 ࡞ྙ࠷ࡱࡎࢆ࣬ࡱ࡞࠵࠷ࡱࡎࢆ 4. v (yearns for) …ga natsukashíi …࠿᠔࠾ࡊ࠷; (feels lonely with-



out) …ga inakute/nákute sabishíi …࠿࠷࡝ࡂ࡙࡝ࡂ࡙ᐜࡊ࠷ Miss n… san …ࡈࢆ, … san no ojø´-san …ࡈࢆࡡ࠽Ꮃࡈࢆ missing 1. n (person) yukue fumei no hito ⾔᪁୘᪺ࡡெ, yukue fumei-sha ⾔᪁୘᪺⩽ 2. adj yukue fumei (no) ⾔᪁୘᪺ࡡ , miataranai ずᙔࡒࡼ࡝࠷, mitsukaranai ずࡗ࠾ࡼ࡝࠷, fusoku shita ୘㊂ࡊࡒ mission n (task) ninmu ௴ຸ, (operation) sakusen షᡋ, (Christianity) fukyø (katsudø)



ࡱࡌ࣬ࡱࡔ࠿࠻ࡱࡌ mistreat v gyakutai shimásu ⹚ᙽ ࡊࡱࡌ mistress n 1. (Madam) óku-san/sama ዚࡈࢆᵕ 2. (lover) kánojo ᙴዥ; (concubine) mekaké ጑ ࣬ࡴ࠾ࡄ, nígø(-san) ஦ྒࡈࢆ misty; gets ~ kasumimásu ࠾ࡌࡲ ࡱࡌ࣬㟐ࡲࡱࡌ misunderstand v gokai shimásu ㄏ ゆࡊࡱࡌ mix v (mixes it in with) (… ni sore o) mazemásu …࡞ࡐࡿࢅ Ίࡏ ࡱࡌ࣬ࡱࡏࡱࡌ; (it mixes) mazarimásu Ίࡉࡽࡱࡌ࣬ࡱࡉ ࡽࡱࡌ, majirimásu Ίࡋࡽࡱࡌ࣬ ࡱࡋࡽࡱࡌ mixture n (assortment) kumiawase ⤄ࡲྙࢂࡎ࣬ࡂࡲ࠵ࢂࡎ, kongø Ίྙ moan v nagekimásu Ⴟࡀࡱࡌ࣬ ࡝ࡅࡀࡱࡌ moat n horí ᇷ mobile 1. n keitai (denwa) ᦘᖈ 㞹ヨ 2. adj mochi-hakoberu ᣚࡔ㐘࡬ࡾ mobile phone n keitai (denwa) ᦘ ᖈ㞹ヨ model n mohan ᶅ⠂, (o-)tehon ࠽ ᡥᮇ; (mold) mokei ᶅᆵ; (type) katá ᆵ, …-gata …ᆵ, …-kei …ᆵ; móderu ࣓ࢸࣜ; supermodel n süpå moderu ࢪ࣭ ࣂ࣭࣓ࢸࣜ moderate 1. adj (reasonable) tekido (no) 㐲ᗐࡡ ; (properly



ᕱᩅ Ὡິ㸞 missionary n senkyø´shi ᐃᩅᖅ mist n kasumi ࠾ࡌࡲ࣬㟐, kiri ࡀ ࡽ࣬㟕, móya ࡵࡷ࣬㟥 mistake 1. n machigái 㛣㐢࠷࣬ࡱ ࡔ࠿࠷, ayamárí ㄏࡽ࣬࠵ࡷࡱࡽ, ayamáchí 㐛ࡔ࣬࠵ࡷࡱࡔ, mísu ࣐ࢪ, misuteíku ࣐ࢪࢷ࢕ࢠ 2. v (makes a ~) machigaimásu 㛣㐢 ࠷ࡱࡌ࣬ࡱࡔ࠿࠷ࡱࡌ, ayamarimásu ㄏࡽࡱࡌ࣬࠵ࡷࡱࡽࡱࡌ 3. ~s it v machigaemásu 㛣㐢࠻ limited/restrained) odayaka (na)



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✔ࡷ࠾࣬࠽ࡓࡷ࠾࡝ ; (conservative) hikaeme (na) ᥅࠻ࡴ ࣬ࡥ࠾࠻ࡴ࡝ 2. ~s it v kagen shimásu ຊ΅ࡊࡱࡌ modern adj géndai (no) ⌟௥ࡡ , kindai (no) ㎾௥ࡡ , modan ࣓ࢱࣤ; modern music n kindai ongaku ㎾௥㡚ᴞ; modern state n kindai kokka ㎾௥ᅗᐓ modest adj kenkyo (na) ㅤ⹣࡝ , hikaeme (na) ᥅࠻┘࣬ࡥ࠾࠻ࡴ ࡝ , uchiki (na) හẴ࡝ ; (small) ø´kiku nái ኬࡀࡂ࡝࠷ Mohammed n mohameddo ࣓ࣀ࣒ ࢴࢺ, muhanmado ࣑ࣀ࣏ࣤࢺ moisten v shimeshimásu ‭ࡊࡱࡌ ࣬ࡊࡴࡊࡱࡌ mold 1. n (pattern) katá ᆵ; (model) mokei ᶅᆵ 2. (growth) kabi ࠾ࡦ࣬࢜ࣄ࣬㯼; is moldy kabi ga háete imásu ࠾ࡦ࠿⏍࠻ ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ 3. v (shapes, forms) katachi-zukurimásu ᙟషࡽࡱࡌ mole n (on skin) hokuro ࡮ࡂࢀ࣬ ࣌ࢠࣞ; (rodent) mogura ࡵࡃࡼ ࣓࣬ࢡࣚ࣬ᅰ❫ molester n (sexual) chikan ⑭₆࣬ ࡔ࠾ࢆ࣬ࢲ࢜ࣤ moment n (instant) shunkan █㛣, sétsuna ࡎࡗ࡝࣬ๅ㑛; just a moment chótto matte kudasaiࡔࡺࡖ࡛ᙽ ࡖ࡙ୖࡈ࠷; on the spur of the moment tokí no hazumi de ᫤ࡡᙆࡲ࡚ momentum n hazumi ᙆࡲ࣬ࡢࡍࡲ Monday n Getsuyø´(-bi) ᭮᭑᪝ money n (o-)kane ࠽ 㔘; (money



given as a New Year’s gift)



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otoshi-dama ࠽ᖳ⋚ Mongolia n Mongoru ࣓ࣤࢥࣜ monk n (Buddhist) bø´zu ᆎ ୹, obø-san ࠽ᆎࡈࢆ; young ~ kozø´ ᑚ൒, kozø-san ᑚ൒ࡈࢆ monkey n sáru ⊯࣬ࢦࣜo-saru ࠽⊯ monorail n monorë´ru ࣓ࢿ࣭ࣝࣜ monster n kaibutsu ᛱ∸, kaijü ᛱ ⊿, monsutå ࣓ࣤࢪࢰ࣭ month n tsukí ᭮, …-getsu …᭮ monthly adj maitsuki (no) Ẏ᭮ ࡡ ; ~ installments/payments geppu ᭮㈷; ~ salary gekkyü ᭮⤝ monument n monyumento ࣓ࢼࣖ ࣒ࣤࢹ, kinen hi エᛍ◻ mood n kíbun Ẵฦ, kokoromochi ᚨᣚࡔ, müdo ࣑࣭ࢺ; good mood n jø-kigen ୕ᶭ᎒, (go-)kigen ࡇ ᶭ᎒ moody adj kigen ga warúi ᶭ᎒࠿ ᝇ࠷ moon n tsukí ᭮ moon viewing n(o-)tsukimi࠽ ᭮ず mop n móppu ࣓ࢴࣈ moral 1. n moraru ࣓ࣚࣜ 2. adj døtoku-teki (na) 㐠ᚠⓏ࡝ morality, morals n døtoku 㐠ᚠ; (ethics) shü´shin ಞ㌗ more adj mótto ࡵࡖ࡛, mø sukóshi ࡵ࠹ᑛࡊ, mø ࡵ࠹ + [NUMBER]; (some ~) sára-ni ࡈ ࡼ࡞࣬᭞࡞; a little more adj mø sukóshi ࡵ࠹ᑛࡊ; a lot more adj mótto takusán ࡵࡖ࡛ࡒࡂࡈࢆ >Ἁᒜ@; all the more …, still/much ~ …



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adv issø …ୌᒒ࣬࠷ࡖࡐ࠹, naosara ࡝࠽ࡈࡼ࣬ᑠ᭞; the more … the more adv …-suréba suruhodo/dake …ࡌࡿࡣࡌࡾ⛤ࡓࡄ... (issø … ୌᒒ࣬࠷ࡖࡐ࠹…); more and more adv masú-masu ࡱࡌࡱ ࡌ࣬─ࠍ, iyó-iyo ࠷ࡻ࠷ࡻ moreover adv sono ue (ni) ࡐࡡ୕ ࣬ࡐࡡ࠹࠻࡞ , matá ཧ࣬ࡱࡒ, náo ᑠ࣬࡝࠽, shiká-mo ࡊ࠾ࡵ, kótoni ࡆ࡛࡞࣬Ṟ࡞ morning n ása ᭽࣬࠵ࡈ, go zen ༔ ๑; this ~ kesa ௑᭽; Good morning. O-hayø (gozaimásu). ࠽ࡢࡻ࠹ >࠽᪡࠹@ࡇࡉ࠷ࡱࡌ. morning meal n chøshoku ᭽㣏, asa-góhan ᭽ࡇ㣜 morphine n moruhine ࣓ࣜࣃࢾ mortar n (utensil) úsu ࠹ࡌ࣬⮳; suríbachi ࡌࡽ㖂; (material) morutaru ࣓ࣜࢰࣜ, shikkui ࡊࡖ ࡂ࠷࣬⁵ႚ Moscow n Mosukuwa ࣓ࢪࢠ࣠ mosquito n ka ⹽࣬࢜; mosquito net n kaya ࠾ࡷ࣬࢜ࣕ㹺⹽ᖋ most adj ichiban ୌ␊, móttómo ᭩ࡵ; most of the … adj … no daibúbun …ࡡኬ㒂ฦ; at most adv ø´kute ኣࡂ࡙, sémete ࡎ ࡴ࡙, séizei ࡎ࠷ࡏ࠷; for the most part adv økata ࠽࠽࠾ࡒ, taigai ኬᴣ࣬ࡒ࠷࠿࠷, ø´ku ኣࡂ; the most adj (largest) saidai (no) ᭩ ኬࡡ ; most recent adj kono mae/ aida (no) ࡆࡡ๑㛣ࡡ ; tsui saikin (no) ࡗ࠷᭩㎾ࡡ mother n okå´-san ࠽ẍࡈࢆ, háha



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ẍ, haha-oya ẍの; ofukuro ࠽ࡨ ࡂࢀ࣬࠽⾼ mother-in-law n gíbo ⩇ẍ; shütome ࡊࡸ࠹࡛ࡴ࣬ጜ, o-shütome-san ࠽ጜࡈࢆ motion n ugokí ິࡀ࣬࠹ࡇࡀ; mø´shon ࣓࣭ࢨࣘࣤ; ~ sickness norimono-yoi ஋∸㓁࠷ motivation, motive n døki ິᶭ; yaruki ࡷࡾẴ motor n hatsudø´-ki Ⓠິᶭ, mø´tå ࣓࣭ࢰ࣭ → automobile motto n hyøgo ᵾㄊ, mottø ࣓ࢴ ࢹ࣭ mould → mold (shapes, forms) mound n tsuká ሪ; (burial) ryø´ 㝘 mount v (ride) … ni norimásu … ࡞஋ࡽࡱࡌ; (sits astride) … ni matagarimásu …࡞ࡱࡒ࠿ࡽ ࡱࡌ࣬㊤ࡽࡱࡌ; (climb) … ni noborimásu …࡞Ⓡࡽࡱࡌ mountain n yamá ᒜ; …-san …ᒜ Mount Fuji n Fúji-san ᐣኃᒜ mouse n 1. nezumi ࡠࡍࡲ࣬ࢾ ࢫ࣐㹺㰙 2. (computer) mausu ࣏ࢗࢪ mouth n 1. (human) kuchi ཾ 2. (river ~) kakø ἑཾ mouthful n (one ~) hitó-kuchi ୌཾ move 1. v (it ~s) ugokimásu ິࡀ ࡱࡌ; (~s it) ugokashimásu ິ࠾ ࡊࡱࡌ 2. (~s residence) utsurimásu ⛛ࡽࡱࡌ, (changes residence) hikkoshimásu ᘤࡖ㉲ࡊ ࡱࡌ movement n ugokí ິࡀ; katsudø Ὡິ; undø 㐘ິ; (gesture)



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Muslim



miburi ࡲࡩࡽ࣬㌗ᣲࡽ, døsa ິష mover n (household ~) hikkoshiya ᘤࡖ㉲ࡊᒁ, (hikkoshi no) unsø-ya ᘤࡖ㉲ࡊ ࡡ 㐘㏞ᒁ movie(s) n eiga ᫆⏤; movie theater n eigá-kan ᫆⏤㤃 moving n (one’s household) hikkoshi ᘤࡖ㉲ࡊ; moving man → mover; mover’s van n hikkoshi torákku ᘤࡖ㉲ࡊࢹࣚࢴࢠ mow v karimásu ศࡽࡱࡌ Mr. n … san …ࡈࢆ; Mrs. … san (no óku-san) …ࡈࢆࡡዚࡈࢆ , ...-fujin ...ኰெ; Mr. and Mrs. … fusái … ኰጏ; Ms. … san …ࡈࢆ, …jóshi …ዥྍ much adj, adv takusán (no) ࡒࡂࡈ ࢆ>Ἁᒜ@ࡡ , ø´ku (no) ኣࡂ࣬ ࠽࠽ࡂࡡ , un to ࠹ࢆ࡛; is/has much adj … ga ø´i …࠿ኣ࠷; not (very) much adv anmari ࠵ࢆࡱࡽ + [NEGATIVE]; how much adv íkura ࠷ࡂࡼ࣬ᖼࡼ, dono-gurai ࡜ࡡన࣬࡜ࡡࡂࡼ࠷; as much as adv … gúrai …న, …no yø´ni … ࡡࡻ࠹࡞>ᵕ@࡞; much more adv mótto takusán ࡵࡖ࡛ࡒࡂࡈࢆ >Ἁᒜ@, zutto ø´ku ࡍࡖ࡛ኣࡂ; (still more) issø ࠷ࡖࡐ࠹࣬ୌᒒ, nao-sara ࡝࠽ࡈࡼ࣬ᑠ᭞ mucus n (nasal) hana (mizu) 㰧Ề mud n doró ἶ࣬ࢺࣞ muddy adj doro-dárake (no) ἶࡓ ࡼࡄࡡ muffin n mafin ࣏ࣆ࢔ࣤ muffler n mafurå ࣏ࣆ࣭ࣚ



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mug n 1. (cup) magu kappu ࣏ࢡ ࢜ࢴࣈ 2. (beer ~) jokki ࢩࣘ ࢴ࢞ muggy adj mushi-atsúi ⵠࡊᬤ࠷ mule n (animal) raba ࣚࣁ࣬㦏㤷 multiply v 1. (grows) fuemásu ቌ ࠻ࡱࡌ࣬ࡨ࠻ࡱࡌ 2. (3 by 5 sán ni góo) kakemásu 3࡞5ࢅ ࠾ࡄ ࡱࡌ᤻࣬ࡄࡱࡌ 3. (increases) fuyashimásu ቌࡷࡊࡱࡌ mummy n miira ࣐࢕ࣚ municipal adj shiritsu (no) ᕰ❟ ࡡ , køritsu (no) ප❟ࡡ , (urban) shínai (no) ᕰහࡡ murder n satsujin ṽெ, hitogóroshi ெṽࡊ → kill murmur → whisper muscle n kínniku ➵⫏, súji ➵; (power) kínryoku ➵ງ, chikará ງ museum n hakubútsú-kan ༡∸㤃; (art gallery) bijútsú-kan ⨶⾙㤃 mushroom n kínoko ࡀࡡࡆ࣬࢞ࢿ ࢤ㹺Ⲏ; (thumb-like) matsutake ᮿⲎ࣏࣬ࢵࢰࢢ; (large brown) shíitake ᳕Ⲏ; (straw) enokí-dake -take ࠻ࡡࡀ>ᴦ࢙࣬ࢿ࢞@Ⲏ music n óngaku 㡚ᴞ, myüjikku ࣐࣭ࣖࢩࢴࢠ, (traditional to the imperial court) gágaku 㞖ᴞ musical instrument n gakki ᴞჹ musician n ongaku-ka 㡚ᴞᐓ, myüjishan ࣐࣭ࣖࢩࢨࣔࣤ muskmelon n masuku meron ࣏ࢪ ࢠ࣒ࣞࣤ Muslim n isuramu kyøto ࢕ࢪ࣑ࣚ ᩅᚈ, kai kyøto ᅂᩅᚈ



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must



must auxiliary verb ~ do (shi-) nákereba narimasén ࡊ ࡝ࡄࡿ ࡣ࡝ࡽࡱࡎࢆ; ~ not (do) (shi-)té wa ikemasén ࡊ ࡙ࡢ࠷ࡄࡱ ࡎࢆ mustache n kuchi hige ཾࡥࡅ>㧠@ mustard n karashi ࠾ࡼࡊ࣬࢜ࣚ ࢨ㹺ⰨᏄ, masutådo ࣏ࢪࢰ࣭ࢺ mutt n (dog) zasshu (ken) 㞟⛸≗ mutton n maton ࣏ࢹࣤ, hitsuji no niku ⨲ࡡ⫏ → lamb mutual adj o-tagai (no) ࠽ப࠷࣬ ࠽ࡒ࠿࠷ࡡ ; [BOOKISH] sø´go (no) ┞பࡡ



my pron wata(ku)shi no ࢂࡒࡂ ࡊ>⚶@ࡡ ; ~ wife kánai ᐓහ myopic adj kingan (no) ㎾╉ࡡ , kinshi (no) ㎾ちࡡ myself pron jibun ⮤ฦ, (watakushi) jíshin ⚶ ⮤㌗; by myself jibun jíshin de ⮤ฦ⮤㌗࡚ mysterious adj (strange) fushigi (na) ୘ᛦ㆗࡝ ; (esoteric) shinpi-teki (na) ♼⛆Ⓩ࡝ mystery n nazo ㅞ࣬ࢻࢯ, misuterii ࣐ࢪࢷ࣭ࣛ, (secret) himitsu ⛆ᐠ࣬ࣃ࣐ࢵ myth adj shinwa ♼ヨ



N Nagasaki n Nagásaki 㛏ᓧ nail n kugi 㔝࣬ࡂࡁ; (finger, toe) tsume ∆࣬ࢵ࣒; nail polish n manikyua (eki) ࣏ࢼ࢞ࣖ࢓ᾦ naive adj mújaki (na) ࡳࡋࡶࡀ࣬ ↋㑟Ẵ࡝ , soboku (na) ⣪ᮌ ࡝ , naiibu (na) ࢻ࢕࣭ࣇ࡝ naked adj hadaka (no) ⿼ࡡ → nude name 1. n (o-)namae ࠽ ྞ๑, na ྞ 2. v (calls) (…to) yobimásu …࡛ ࿣ࡦࡱࡌ, (dubs) nazukemásu ྞ௛ࡄࡱࡌ; (says the ~ of) …no namae o iimásu …ࡡྞ๑ ࢅゕ࠷ࡱࡌ; list of names n meibo ྞ⡑; name card n meishi ྞๆ; name seal/stamp n (“chop”) hankó ࡢࢆࡆ࣬ึࡆ࣬ึᏄ nameless adj mumei (no) ↋ྞࡡ



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namesake n dømei no hito ྜྷྞࡡெ nap n hiru-ne (o shimásu) ᫠ᐱ ࢅࡊࡱࡌ ; takes a ~ hitó-nemuri ୌ┸ࡽ napkin n nápukín ࢻࣈ࢞ࣤ, fukín ࡨࡀࢆ࣬ᕱᕮ narcotic(s) n mayaku 㯖ⷾ narrative n monogatari ∸ㄊ; naratibu ࢻࣚࢷ࢔ࣇ narrator n narëtå ࢻ࣭ࣝࢰ࣭; katari-te ㄊࡽᡥ narrow adj semái ≻࠷࣬ࡎࡱ࠷; hosói ⣵࠷࣬࡮ࡐ࠷; narrow mind n henkyø na kokoro ೩≻࡝ᚨ; kyøryø na kokoro ≻㔖࡝ᚨ; narrow road n hosomichi ⣵㐠 nasty adj iyá (na) ᎒࡝ , akuratsu (na) ᝇࡼࡗ࣬ᝇ㎝࡝ nation n (country) kuni ᅗ, kókka



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need



国家; (people) kokumin 国民 national adj kuni (no) 国(の); koku-…国…; kokuritsu (no) 国 立(の); kokumin (no) 国民の; nashonaru ナショナル national defense n kokubø 国防 national park n kokuritsu køen 国立公園 nationality n kokuseki 国籍 national(s) n kokumin 国民 nation-wide n zénkokuteki (na/ni) 全国的(な/に) native adj bokoku (no) 母国(の); umaretsuki (no) 生まれつき(の); neitibu ネイティブ; native land n bokoku 母国; native language n bokoku-go 母国語 natural adj 1. shizen (no, na) 自然 (の, な); tennen (no) 天然(の) 2. adj (proper, deserved) tøzen (no) 当然(の) 3. (to be expected) … (suru) monó desu …(する)も のです natural gas n tennen-gásu 天然ガス naturally adv shizen ni 自然に; (by nature) motomoto もともと・元 々 → spontaneously → of course nature n 1. shizen 自然 2. seishitsu 性質, shø 性, séi 性; (quality) shitsú 質; (disposition) táchi 質; human ~ nínjø 人情 3. by ~ mótó-yori もとより, motomoto もともと・元々 naughty adj wanpaku (na) 腕白・ わんぱく(な), itazura (na) いたず ら・悪戯(な); naughty child n itazurákko いたずらっ子・悪戯っ子



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nausea n hakike 吐き気, (medical term) oshin 悪心, øki 嘔気 nauseate v feels nauseated hakiké (o moyøshimásu) 吐き気(を催し ます) → queasy navel n (o-)heso (お)へそ navigate v køkai shimásu 航海し ます; annái shimásu 案内します navy n káigun 海軍 near adj chikái 近い; adv chikaku (ni) 近く(に) near (by) adj sóba (no) そば・側 (の); chikáku (no) 近く(の) nearly adv hotóndo ほとんど・殆 ど; mázu まず; hóbo ほぼ nearsighted adj (myopic) kingan (no) 近眼(の), kinshi (no) 近視 (の) neat adj (tidy) kichín-to shite imásu きちんとしています; (attractive) kírei (na) きれい [綺麗](な) necessarily adv kanarazu 必ず; not ~ kagirimasen 限りません necessary adj hitsuyø (na) 必要 (な), (needed) nyüyø (na) 入用 (な); …ga irimásu …が要ります necessity n hitsuyø 必要 neck n kubi 首; (of a bottle) kubire くびれ necktie n nékutai ネクタイ; puts on (wears) a ~ nékutai o musubimásu ネクタイを結びます, nékutai o shimásu ネクタイをします need 1. v ~s to do (… ga) irimásu (…が)要ります, (… o) yø-shimásu (…を)要します; (suru)



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needle



hitsuyø ga arimásu ࡌࡾ ᚪこ ࠿࠵ࡽࡱࡌ, (shi)-nákereba narimasén ࡊ ࡝ࡄࡿࡣ࡝ࡽࡱ ࡎࢆ; ~s not do (shi) nákute mo íi desu ࡊ ࡝ࡂ࡙ࡵ࠷࠷࡚ࡌ 2. n (necessity) hitsuyø ᚪこ; (poverty) hinkon ㈃ᅏ, fújiyü ୘ ⮤⏜; is in ~ (of help) komarimásu ᅏࡽࡱࡌ needle n hári 㔢; sewing needle n núíbari ⦥࠷㔢 needy adj mazushíi ㈃ࡊ࠷, fú-jiyü (na) ୘⮤⏜࡝ , hinkon (na) ㈃ ᅏ࡝ negative 1. adj shøkyoku-teki (na) ᾐᴗⓏ࡝ , hitei-teki (na) ྫྷᏽ Ⓩ࡝ , negatibu (na) ࢾ࢝ࢷ࢔ࣇ ࡝ 2. n (film) nega ࢾ࢝ neglect 1. v (disregards) múshi shimásu ↋ちࡊࡱࡌ; (leaves undone) høtte okimásu ᨲࡖ࡙࠽ ࡀࡱࡌ; (shirks) okotarimásu ᛨ ࡽࡱࡌ 2. n ikuji-høki ⫩ඡᨲᲘ negligence n taiman ᛨះ; (carelessness) yudan ἔ᩷, fuchüi ୘Ἰណ negligible adj wazuka (na) ࢂࡍ࠾ ࡝ negotiable adj køshø no yochi ga aru ஹῦࡡఴᆀ࠿࠵ࡾ negotiate v hanashi-aimásu ヨࡊྙ ࠷ࡱࡌ; køshø ஹῦ negotiation n hanashi-ai ヨࡊྙ࠷, køshø (shimasu) ஹῦࡊࡱࡌ neighborhood n (go-)kínjo ࡇ ㎾ᡜ neighbor(ing) adj tonari (no) 㝼ࡽ ࡡ



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neither … nor … adv … mo… mo… ࡵ…ࡵ + [NEGATIVE] neither one dóchira (no …) mo ࡜ ࡔࡼࡡ… ࡵ + [NEGATIVE] nephew n oi ࠽࠷࣬⏒; your ~ oigo-san ⏒Ꮔࡈࢆ nerve n shínkei ♼⤊; gets on one’s ~s shínkei ni sawarimásu ♼⤊ ࡞㝸ࡽࡱࡌ nervous adj 1. shinkéi-shitsu (na) ♼⤊㈹࡝ 2. (self-conscious) agarimásu ୕࠿ࡽࡱࡌ 3. (gets agitated) døyø shimásu ິ᥺ ࡊࡱࡌ → flustered 4. (feeling



apprehensive) kimí ga warúi Ẵ࿝࠿ᝇ࠷; nervous breakdown n shinkei suijaku ♼⤊⾮ᘽ nest n su ᕛ net n 1. ami ⥑, nétto ࢾࢴࢹ 2. = Internet nettó ࢾࢴࢹ Netbook n (computer) nettobukku ࢾࢴࢹࣇࢴࢠ Netherlands n Oranda ࢛ࣚࣤࢱ Netizen n (internet) netto-shimin ࢾࢴࢹᕰẰ (from Internet +



citizen) net price n séika ḿ౮ network n 1. nettowåku ࢾࢴࢹ࣠ ࣭ࢠ, jøhø-mø ᝗ሒ⥑ 2. (human ~) jinmyaku ெ⬞; computer network



n konpyüta/konpyütå nettowåku ࢤࣤࣅ࣭ࣖࢰࢤࣤࣅ࣭ࣖࢰ࣭ࢾ ࢴࢹ࣭࣠ࢠ neurotic adj noirøze (no) ࢿ࢕ࣞ ࣭ࢭࡡ neutral(ity) adj chüritsu (no) ୯❟ ࡡ , nyütoraru ࢼ࣭ࣖࢹࣚࣜ



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niece



never adv kesshite Ửࡊ࡙ + [NEGATIVE]; has ~ (done) (shi)-ta kotó ga arimasén ࡊ ࡒ஥࠿࠵ ࡽࡱࡎࢆ; ~ (does) (su)-ru kotó wa arimasén ࡌ ࡾ஥ࡢ࠵ࡽࡱ ࡎࢆ; ~ mind kamaimasén ᵋ࠷ ࡱࡎࢆ nevertheless adv sore náno ni ࡐࡿ ࡝ࡡ࡞, tó-ni-kaku ࡛࡞࠾ࡂ new adj atarashíi ᩺ࡊ࠷; shín(-) … ᩺…; shínki (no) ᩺ぜࡡ , nyü ࢼ࣭ࣖ; new address n ① (home) shin-jüsho ᩺పᡜ ② (email) atarashii adoresu ᩺ࡊ࠷ ࢓ࢺࣝࢪ; newborn baby n shinseiji ᩺⏍ඡ; new version n atarashii båjon ᩺ࡊ࠷ࣁ࣭ࢩࣘࣤ, shin båjon ᩺ࣁ࣭ࢩࣘࣤ; new year n shínnen ᩺ᖳ; Happy new year.



(Shínnen/Akemáshite) o-medetø ᩺ᖳ᪺ࡄࡱࡊ࡙ ࠽ࡴ࡚࡛࠹.; New Year’s (day) n ganjitsu ඔ᪝, gantan ඔ᪞; O-shøgatsu ࠽ḿ᭮ newcomer n shinjin ᩺ெ newest adj saishin (no) ᭩᩺ࡡ newlyweds n shinkon füfu ᩺፡ ኰ፦ news n nyü´su ࢼ࣭ࣖࢪ, tsüshin ㏳ಘ; (newspaper item) kíji エ ஥; (word from) táyori ౼ࡽ, shøsoku ᾐ᜝ newscaster n nyüsu kyasutå ࢼ࣭ࣖ ࢪ࢞ࣔࢪࢰ࣭ newsletter n nyüsu retå ࢼ࣭ࣖࢪ ࣝࢰ࣭, kaihø ఌሒ newspaper n shinbun ᩺⪲; (morning) chøkan ᭽ษ, (evening)



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yükan ኟษ; (company) shinbúnsha ᩺⪲♣ New York n Nyüyøku ࢼ࣭࣭ࣖࣙࢠ New Zealand n Nyüjiirándo ࢼ࣭ࣖ ࢩ࣭ࣚࣤࢺ next adj (in time/order) tsugí (no) ḗࡡ , (date etc.) yóku(-) … ⩛ …; (the next one) tsugí ḗ, tsugí no ḗࡡ; (going on to the ~) tsuzukete ⤾ࡄ࡙; ~ to (in space), ~ door to … no tonari (no) … ࡡ㝼ࡽࡡ ; ~ on the left/right hidari-/migi-dónari (no) ᕞྎ㝼 ࡽࡡ ; ~ after/to … (in importance) … ni tsúide (no) …࡞ḗ ࠷࡚ࡡ ; next day n, adv yokujitsu ⩛᪝, tsugi no hi ḗࡡ᪝; next evening n, adv yokuban ⩛ᬄ, tsugi no hi no yo(ru) ḗࡡ᪝ࡡ እ; next month n, adv ráigetsu ᮮ ᭮; next time n, adv kóndo ௑ᗐ, jikai ḗᅂ, kono-tsúgí ࡆࡡḗ; next week n, adv raishü ᮮ㐄 nibble v kajirimásu ࠾ࡋࡽࡱࡌ࣬ 㱆ࡽࡱࡌ nice adj 1. ii/yoi ࠷࠷Ⰳ࠷ → good 2. oishii ࠽࠷ࡊ࠷ → delicious 3. kirei (na) ࡀࡿ࠷࡝ , utsukushii ⨶ࡊ࠷, hare (no) ᬍ ࡿࡡ → fair 4. shinsetsu (na) のว࡝ , yasashii ࡷࡈࡊ࠷ → kind 5. → delicate; nice weather n íi ténki ࠷࠷ ኮẴ nick v kizamimásu ็ࡲࡱࡌ nickname n adana ࠵ࡓྞ, aishø យ ⛘, nikkunëmu ࢼࢴࢠࢾ࣭࣑ niece n méi ࡴ࠷࣬ጬ; your ~ mei-



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night



go-san ࡴ࠷ࡇࡈࢆ࣬ጬᏄࡈࢆ night n yóru እ, yó እ; ban ᬄ; (at) ~ yakan እ㛣, late at ~ yóru osoku እ㐔ࡂ, shín’ya ῕እ; night(s) of lodging …-haku …ἡ; night bus n yakø basu እ⾔ࣁࢪ; nightclothes n pajama ࣂࢩ࣏ࣔ; nightclub n (cabaret) kyábarië ࢞ࣔࣁ࣭ࣝ; naito kurabu ࢻ࢕ࢹࢠࣚࣇ; night duty n shukuchoku ᐙ├; night shift n yakin እໂ nil n zero ࢭࣞ nimble adj kíyø (na) ჹ⏕࡝ nine n kyü ஐ࣬9, kú ஐ࣬9, kokónotsu ஐࡗ; náin ࢻ࢕ࣤ ninety n kyü´-jü ஐ༎࣬90, ku-jü´ ஐ༎; ~ thousand kyü-mán ஐ୒ ࣬90,000 ninjitsu, ninjutsu n nínjutsu ᚰ⾙ ninth adj kyü-banme (no) ஐ␊┘ ࡡ ࣬9␊┘ࡡ ku-banmé (no) ஐ␊┘ࡡ , kokonotsumé (no) ஐࡗ┘ࡡ ; the ~ day kokonoka-méஐ᪝┘࣬9᪝┘, (of the month) kokonoka ஐ᪝࣬9᪝ no adv iie ࠷࠷࠻ (or just say the negative verb); no charge/fee n, adj múryø (no) ↋ᩩࡡ , tada (no) ࡒࡓࡡ ; no doubt adv (surely) kitto ࡀࡖ࡛; no good adj tsumaránai ࡗࡱࡼ࡝࠷; damé (na) ࡓࡴ>㥇┘@࡝ ; furyø (na) ୘Ⰳ࡝ ; (futile) muda (na) ↋ 㥇࡝ ; (worthless) yákuza (na) ࡷࡂࡉ࡝ ; no later than adj … máde ni wa …ࡱ࡚࡞ࡢ; no need to worry interj, adj daijø´bu (na)



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ኬ୓ኰ࡝ ; shinpai nai/(go-) muyøᚨ㒼࡝࠷ࡇ ↋⏕; No smoking kin’en ⚏↦; No, thank you. interj Kékkø desu. ⤎ᵋ࡚ ࡌ.; no use adj damé (na) ࡓࡴ> 㥇┘@࡝ noble adj kidakai Ẵ㧏࠷, køketsu (na) 㧏₡࡝ , sükø (na) ᓤ㧏࡝ nobody pron dare mo ㄙࡵ +



[NEGATIVE] nod v unazukimásu ࠹࡝ࡍࡀࡱ ࡌ࣬㢌ࡀࡱࡌ Noh n (Japanese classical theater) nø ⬗, o-nø ࠽⬗; traditional Noh farce kyøgén ≤ゕ noise n otó 㡚 noisy adj yakamashíi ࡷ࠾ࡱࡊ࠷, søzøshíi 㥹ࠍࡊ࠷, urusai ࠹ࡾ ࡈ࠷ nomad n yüboku-min 㐗∶Ằ nominal adj meimoku-jø (no) ྞ┘ ୕ࡡ nominate v shimei shimásu ᣞྞࡊ ࡱࡌ; mei-jimásu ࿤ࡋࡱࡌ; suisen shimásu ᥆ⷸࡊࡱࡌ nominëto shimásu ࢿ࣐ࢾ࣭ࢹࡊࡱࡌ noncommittal adj (beats around



the bush) hanashí o bokashimásu ヨࢅ࡯࠾ࡊࡱࡌ none pron (nothing) nani mo ర ࡵ + [NEGATIVE]; (not even one) hitotsu mo ୌࡗࡵ + [NEGATIVE], (person) hitori mo ୌெࡵ +



[NEGATIVE] nonetheless adv sore náno ni ࡐࡿ ࡝ࡡ࡞ nonsense n baka na kotó ࡣ࠾࡝ࡆ



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notice



࡛; baka-bánashi ࡣ࠾ヨ; detarame ࡚ࡒࡼࡴ; tawagoto ࡒࢂࡇ ࡛࣬ᡑゕ; nansensu ࢻࣤࢬࣤࢪ nonsmoker n non-sumøkå ࢿࣤࢪ ࣓࣭࣭࢜; tabako o suwanai hito ࡒࡣࡆ>ࢰࣁࢤ࣬↦ⲙ@ࢅྺࢂ࡝ ࠷ெ; hi-kitsuen-sha 㟸႖↦⩽ no(n)-smoking n kin’én seki ⚏↦ᖆ nonspecialist n mongái-kan 㛓አ₆ nonstop adj (flight) mu-chákuriku (no) ↋╌㝛ࡡ noodles n mén(-rui) ࡴࢆ>㯕@㢦 ; (o-)sóba ࠽ ࡐࡣ࣬ⶻ㯇; (Japanese wheat-flour) udon ࠹࡜ ࢆ, (thin) sømen ࡐ࠹ࡴࢆ (chilled) hiya-múgi ෫ࡷ㯇࣬ࣃ ࣑ࣕ࢟; (Chinese) rå´men ࣭ࣚ ࣒ࣤ; noodle shop n (o-)sobá-ya ࠽ ࡐࡣ>ⶻ㯇@ᒁ; udon-ya ࠹ ࡜ࢆᒁ noon n hirú ᫠o-híru ࠽᫠ ; (exactly noon) shø´go ḿ༔ nope adv (no) iya ࠷ࡷ no place → nowhere norm n (standard) kikaku ぜ᰹, hyøjun ᵾ‵ normal adj hyøjun (no) ᵾ‵ࡡ , futsü (no) ᬉ㏳ࡡ , nømaru (no) ࢿ࣭࣏ࣜࡡ → usual north n kita ໪, hoku-… ໪…; (the ~) hoppø ໪᪁, (the northern part) hókubu ໪㒂; ~ and south nánboku ༞໪ North America n Kita-Ámerika ໪ ࢓࣒ࣛ࢜, Hoku-Bei ໪⡷ North Pole n Hokkyoku ໪ᴗ North Sea n Hokkai ໪ᾇ



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Norway n Noruwei ࢿࣜࢗ࢘࢕ nose n hana 㰧o-hana ࠽㰧 not adv does ~ [VERB]-masén ࡱ ࡎࢆ; is ~ [ADJECTIVE]-ku arimasén ࡂ࠵ࡽࡱࡎࢆ; [NOUN] ja arimasénࡋࡶ࠵ࡽࡱࡎࢆ; not as/ so much as … adj…hodo… ࡮ ࡜࣬⛤ + [NEGATIVE]; not at all adv ① sappári ࡈࡖࡤࡽ; kesshite Ửࡊ࡙ + [NEGATIVE] ② (you’re welcome) dø´ itashimashite ࡜ ࠹࠷ࡒࡊࡱࡊ࡙; not working properly adj guai ga warúi රྙ࠿ ᝇ࠷; not yet adv máda ࡱࡓ +



[NEGATIVE] notch 1. v (makes a notch) kizamimásu ็ࡲࡱࡌ, kizami-me/ kirikomi o iremásu ็ࡲ┘วࡽ ㎰ࡲࢅථࡿࡱࡌ 2. n kizami-me ็ࡲ┘ note n (memorandum) mémo ࣒࣓; chü´ Ἰ; (reminder) chü´i Ἰណ; (promissory note) tegata ᡥᙟ notebook n nø´to ࢿ࣭ࢹ, nøtobúkku ࢿ࣭ࢹࣇࢴࢠ nothing pron nani mo రࡵ + [NEGATIVE]; ~ (at all) nan to mo ర࡛ࡵ + [NEGATIVE]; there is nothing like



(better than) … ni kagirimásu …࡞㝀ࡽࡱࡌ notice 1. v … ni ki ga tsukimásu …࡞Ẵ࠿௛ࡀࡱࡌ, kizukimásu Ẵ௛ࡀࡱࡌ 2. n (notification) shirase ▩ࡼࡎ, todoké ᒀࡄ, tsüchi ㏳▩; (reminder) chü´i Ἰ ណ; with short notice adv kyü na (o-) shirase (de) ᛬࡝࠽ ▩ࡼࡎ࡚ ;



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notify



totsuzen no shirase (de) ✲↓ࡡ ▩ࡼࡎ࡚ ; without notice adv mudan de ↋࡚᩷; kotowárí mo náku ᩷ࡽࡵ࡝ࡂ notify v shirasemásu ▩ࡼࡎࡱࡌ, (notifies formally or officially) tsüchi shimásu ㏳▩ࡊࡱࡌ; todokemásu ᒀࡄࡱࡌ notion n kangae ⩻࠻, iken ណず



→ idea → concept noun n meishi ྞペ nourish v yashinaimásu 㣬࠷ࡱࡌ nourishment n eiyø ᰜ㣬 novel 1. n (fiction) shøsetsu ᑚㄕ 2. (curious) adj mezurashíi ⌃ ࡊ࠷ November n Jüichi-gatsú ༎ୌ᭮࣬ 11᭮ now adv íma ௑, (already) mø´ ࡵ ࠹; from now on kore kara ࡆࡿ࠾ ࡼ, kongo ௑ᚃ; just now tadáima ࡒࡓ௑, tsúi imashígata ࡗ࠷௑ࡊ ࠿ࡒ; until now ima-máde ௑ࡱ࡚; well now (sore) ja ࡐࡿ ࡋࡶ, jå´ ࡋࡶ࠵, déwa ࡚ࡢ, sá-te ࡈ࡙; now and then tama ni ࡒࡱ࡞ nowhere adv doko (de/ni/e) mo ࡜ ࡆ࡚࡞࡫ ࡵ + [NEGATIVE] nuclear adj káku (no) ᰶࡡ nude 1. adj hadaka (no) ⿼ࡡ , nüdo (no) ࢽ࣭ࢺࡡ ; ratai (no) ⿼మࡡ 2. n nü´do ࢽ࣭ࢺ; (picture) ratai-ga ⿼మ⏤ → naked nuisance n mendø 㟻಻࣬ࡴࢆ࡜࠹ numb adj mu-kánkaku (na) ↋វ つ࡝ ; goes/gets ~ shibiremásu ࡊࡦࡿࡱࡌ



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number n kázu ᩐ, sü´ ᩐ, nanbå ࢻࣤࣁ࣭; bán ␊, …-ban …␊; (written numeral) süji ᩐᏊ; (assigned) bangø´␊ྒ; (large and/or small) tashø ኣᑛ; a number of … íkutsu ka no … ࠷ࡂ ࡗ࠾ࡡ…, nan-[COUNTER] ka no … ర [COUNTER] ࠾ࡡ…, sü[COUNTER] no … ᩐ [COUNTER] ࡡ…; in large numbers øzéi ኬເ, dóndon ࡜ࢆ࡜ࢆ, zorozoro ࡑ ࢀࡑࢀ; the number of days nissü´ ᪝ᩐ, hinichi ᪝࡞ࡔ; the number of people nínzü ெᩐ; the number of times kaisü ᅂᩐ number one adj ichí-ban (no) ୌ␊ ࡡ numbness n shibiré ࡊࡦࡿ numeral n süji ᩐᏊ, sü´ ᩐ numerous → many nun n áma ᑷ nurse 1. n kangó-fu ┫㆜፦, nåsu ࢻ࣭ࢪ 2. v (~s a patient) kángo shimásu ┫㆜ࡊࡱࡌ nursery n takuji-jo ェඡᡜ nursery school n (pre-kindergarten) hoikú-en ಕ⫩ᅧ nursing (a patient) n kángo ┫㆜, kanbyø ┫⑋ nutrition n eiyø ᰜ㣬 nuts n náttsu ࢻࢴࢵ, kurumi ࡂࡾ ࡲ࣬ࢠ࣐ࣜ㹺⬄᱀; kí-no-mi ᮄࡡ ᐁ࣬࢞ࢿ࣐ (includes fruits and berries), mi ᐁ࣐࣬ nylon n náiron ࢻ࢕ࣞࣤ



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occasion



O oak n øku ࢛࣭ࢠ oar n kai ᷣ࣬࠾࠷, øru ࢛࣭ࣜ oasis n oashisu ࢛࢓ࢨࢪ oat n øto mugi ࢛࣭ࢹ࣑࢟, karasu mugi ࢜ࣚࢪ࣑࢟ oath n chikai (no kotoba) ㄃࠷ ࡡゕⴝ obedient adj súnao (na) ࡌ࡝࠽ >⣪├@࡝ obeisance n (salute) keirei ᩏ♡ obesity n himan ⫟‫‮‬ obey (a person) v (… ga) yü/iu kotó o kikimásu …࠿ ゕ࠹஥ࢅ ⪲ࡀࡱࡌ࣬࠷࠹ࡆ࡛ࢅࡀࡀࡱࡌ obituary n shibø kiji Ṓஷエ஥ object 1. n taishø ᑊ㇗; (thing) monó ∸; buttai ∸మ; obujekuto ࢛ࣇࢩ࢘ࢠࢹ; (objective, goal) mokuteki ┘Ⓩ, ate ᙔ࡙; (aim) nerai ≲࠷ 2. v ~s to (opposes) … ni hantai shimásu …࡞ཬᑊ ࡊࡱࡌ objective n mokuhyø ┘ᵾ obligation n (duty) gímu ⩇ຸ, (responsibility) sekinin ㈈௴; (sense of ~) (o-)giri ࠽ ⩇⌦; (for a kindness) (go-)ón ࡇ ᜘ obliged adj 1. becomes ~ (to … for



ᙟ࣬㛏᳻ළᙟ obscene adj waisetsu (na) ࢂ࠷ࡎ ࡗ࡝ obscure adj (unknown) fumei (no) ୘᪺ࡡ ; (unrenowned) mumei (no) ↋ྞࡡ → dark observatory n (astronomical) tenmon-dai ኮᩝྋ; (weather station) sokkø-jo ῼುᡜ, kishødai Ẵ㇗ྋ; (sightseeing) tenbødai ᒈ᭻ྋ observe v 1. (happens to see) kizukimásu Ẵ௛ࡀࡱࡌ࣬Ẵࡘࡀ ࡱࡌ 2. (watches) kansatsu/kansoku shimásu びᐳびῼࡊࡱࡌ; observe a rule v okite o mamorimásu ᤽ࢅᏬࡽࡱࡌ observer n kansatsú-sha びᐳ⩽; tachiai-nin ❟ఌெ obstacle n sashitsukae ᕣࡊᨥ࠻࣬ ࡈࡊࡗ࠾࠻; (o-)jama ࠽ ࡋࡶࡱ >㑟㨩@; shøgai 㝸ᐐ obstruct v (hinders) samatagemásu ጄࡅࡱࡌ࣬ࡈࡱࡒࡅࡱࡌ; gets obstructed (clogged) tsukaemásu ࡗ࠾࠻ࡱࡌ obtain v té ni iremásu ᡥ࡞ථࡿࡱ ࡌ → get help) (…no) sewá ni narimásu obvious adj meihaku (na) ᪺Ⓣ …ࡡ ୠヨ࡞࡝ࡽࡱࡌ 2. feels ~ ࡝ , akiraka (na) ᪺ࡼ࠾࣬࠵ࡀ (grateful) kyøshuku shimásu ᜅ ࡼ࠾࡝ ⦨ࡊࡱࡌ occasion n (time) tokí ᫤࡛࣬ࡀ, oblong n 1. (box) chøhø-kei 㛏᪁ (at that time) koro 㡥࣬ࡆࢀ; ᙟ 2. (oval) chødaen-kei 㛏ࡓළ (event) sétsu ⟿, sái 㝷, orí ᢙ࣬



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occasional



࠽ࡽ, jísetsu ᫤⟿; (opportunity) kikái ᶭఌ; tsuide ࡗ࠷࡚; (circumstance) ba(w)ai ሔྙ; on the ~ of … ni sái-shite … ࡞ 㝷ࡊ࡙ occasional adj (infrequent) tama no ࡒࡱࡡ; tokidoki no ᫤ࠍ࡛࣬ ࡀ࡜ࡀࡡ occupant n kyojü-sha ᑽప⩽ occupation n (job) shokúgyø ⫃ᴏ, shoku ⫃; (military) senryø ༥㡷 occupied adj 1. is ~ (toilet, etc.) shiyøchü ౐⏕୯ 2. (a seat) (They’re coming!) Kimásu ᮮࡱ ࡌ 3. → busy 4. gets ~ (booked up) fusagarimásu ࡨࡈ࠿ࡽࡱࡌ occur v okorimásu ㉫ࡽࡱࡌ, hassei shimásu Ⓠ⏍ࡊࡱࡌ; shøjimásu ⏍ࡋࡱࡌ; genjitsu-ka shimásu ⌟ᐁ໩ࡊࡱࡌ occurrence n hassei Ⓠ⏍ ocean n taiyø ኬὊ, taikai/daikai ኬᾇ o’clock adv …-ji …᫤ (4 ~ yó-ji ᄿ᫤) October n Ju-gatsú ༎᭮࣬10᭮ octopus n táko ࡒࡆ࣬ࢰࢤ㹺⺿ odd adj (peculiar, strange) hén (na) ን࡝ ; kawatta ንࢂࡖࡒ; kawatteiru ንࢂࡖ࡙࠷ࡾ; okashina ࠽࠾ࡊ࡝ odor → smell of … prep … no …ࡡ of course mochíron ࡵࡔࢀࢆ࣬ ໗ㄵ, muron ࡳࢀࢆ㹺↋ㄵ, móttómo ࡵࡖ࡛ࡵ off; time ~ yasumí ఆࡲ; day ~ ofu



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(no hi) ࢛ࣆࡡ᪝ , hiban (no hi) 㟸␊ࡡ᪝ ; ~ (down in price by) ¥100 hyakeún-yasu ⓊළᏭ off adv (turns) ~ (light, radio, etc.) …o keshimásu …ࢅᾐࡊࡱࡌ; (button, etc.) comes ~ toremásu ཱིࡿࡱࡌ, (slips off) nukemásu ᢜࡄࡱࡌ; gets ~ (a vehicle) orimásu 㜾ࡽࡱࡌ; takes ~ (clothes, shoes) nugimásu ⬲ࡁ ࡱࡌ; does/is ~ and on … -tári/káttari/dáttari shimásu …ࡒࡽ ࠾ࡖࡒࡽࡓࡖࡒࡽࡊࡱࡌ; gets ~ the track dassen shimásu ⬲⥲ ࡊࡱࡌ; off duty (taxi) kaisø(-chü) ᅂ㏞୯ ; ~ taxi kaisø´-sha ᅂ㏞ ㌬; Off Limits “tachiiri kinshi” “❟ ථࡽ⚏Ḿ”; offline n ofu rain ࢛ࣆ ࣚ࢕ࣤ; off the record n ofureko ࢛ࣆࣝࢤ offend v 1. (violates) … ni ihan shimásu …࡞㐢ཬࡊࡱࡌ 2. fu-yúkai ni shimásu ୘ញᛄ࡞ ࡊࡱࡌ 3. → anger offense n burei ↋♡; ihan 㐢ཬ offer 1. n møshi-komi ⏞ࡊ㎰ࡲ, ofå ࢛ࣆ࢒࣭; (makes an ~) møshidemásu ⏞ࡊฝࡱࡌ 2.



v (proposes) teian shimásu ᥞ᱄ࡊࡱࡌ, (recommends) susumemásu ໅ࡴࡱࡌ; job offer n saiyø ᤿⏕ offering n møshi-de ⏞ࡊฝ, møshi-komi ⏞ࡊ㎰ࡲ; (public) møshi-ire ⏞ࡊථࡿ; o-sonae ࠽౩࠻ office n (business) jimú-sho ஥ຸ



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on



ᡜ; (government) (o-)yakusho ࠽ ᙲᡜ; (within the company) shánai ♣හ, ofisu ࢛ࣆ࢔ࢪ officer n (military) shø´kø ᑑᰧ; police ~ omáwari-san ࠽ࡱࢂࡽࡈ ࢆ, [FORMAL] keikan ㆑ᏻ official 1. adj (public) øyake (no) පࡡ 2. n (a government ~) kømu-in පຸဤ; yakunin ᙲெ often adv yóku ࡻࡂ, tabitabi ࡒࡦ ࡒࡦ, hinpan (ni) 㢎⦶࡞ , shíbashiba ࡊࡣࡊࡣ, sésse-to ࡎࡖࡎ࡛ ogre n oní 㨛࢛࣬ࢼ oh interj wå ࢂ࠵; å´ ࠵࠵; oh? sø´desu ka ࡐ࠹࡚ࡌ࠾, árá ࠵ࡼ; oh well må´ ࡱ࠵ (tends to be a



female expression) oil n abura ἔ, (petroleum, machine oil) sekiyu ▴ἔ; (for lubricating cars) óiru ࢛࢕ࣜ; hair ~ pomå´do ࣏࣭࣎ࢺ ointment n nuri-gúsuri ሧࡽⷾ, nankø ㌶⭧ O.K. adv íi desu ࠷࠷࡚ࡌ; (I approve) sansei (désu) ㈮ᠺ࡚ࡌ ;



(safe; functioning) daijøbu (désu) ኬ୓ኰ࡚ࡌ ; økë (désu) ࢛࣭ࢢ ࣭࡚ࡌ Okinawa n Okinawa ἀ⦎; Ryükyü´ ⌨⌣ old 1. adj (not new) furúi ཿ࠷,



(from way back) mukashi karáno ᪿ࠾ࡼࡡ; kyü´(-) … ᪟… 2. adj (not young) toshi-tótta ᖳཱིࡖࡒ, rø-… ⩹…; gets ~ toshí o torimásu ᖳࢅཱིࡽࡱࡌ, fukemásu ⩹ࡄࡱࡌ 3. n (old person) røjin



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⩹ெ; old friend n mukashi kará no tomodachi/yüjin ᪿ࠾ࡼࡡཪ 㐡ཪெ older adj toshi-ue (no) ᖳ୕ࡡ older brother n áni ඕ; (o-)níi-san ࠽ ඕࡈࢆ older sister n ane ጗; (o-)né-san ࠽ ጗ࡈࢆ oldest adj ichiban (toshi-)ue (no) ୌ␊ᖳ ୕ࡡ old person n (o-)toshiyori ࠽ ᖳ ᐞࡽ, røjin ⩹ெ; kørei-sha 㧏㱂 ⩽; (man) ojíi-san ࠽ࡋ࠷ࡈࢆ, (woman) obå´-san ࠽ࡣ࠵ࡈࢆ omelet n omuretsu ࢛࣑ࣝࢵ; ~ wrapped around rice omu-ráisu ࢛࣑ࣚ࢕ࢪ omen n engi ⦍㉫, zenchø ๑඗ omission n shøryaku ┤␆, ryaku ␆ omit v 1. otoshimásu ⴘ࡛ࡊࡱࡌ, habukimásu ┤ࡀࡱࡌ, nokemásu ࡡࡄ>㝎ࡄ@ࡱࡌ, nukimásu ᢜࡀ ࡱࡌ, nozokimásu 㝎ࡀࡱࡌ; (skips) tobashimásu ࡛ࡣࡊࡱࡌ࣬ 㣍ࡣࡊࡱࡌ; (curtails) ryakushimásu ␆ࡊࡱࡌ 2. gets omitted ochimásu ⴘࡔࡱࡌ; nukemásu ᢜࡄࡱࡌ; moremásu ⁻ࡿࡱࡌ࣬ ࡵࡿࡱࡌ on prep 1. … de …࡚, (located) … ni …࡞; (atop) … no ue (de/ni) …ࡡ୕࡚࡞ 2. has/ puts ~ (clothes, etc.) → wear 3. turns ~ (light, radio, etc.) … o tsukemásu …ࢅ௛ࡄࡱࡌ; on the way tochü ㏭୯; on the whole



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once



daitai ࡓ࠷ࡒ࠷࣬ኬమ once adv ichi-dó ୌᗐ࣬࠷ࡔ࡜, ik-kái ୌᅂ; ichiø ୌᚺ࣬࠷ࡔ࠽ ࠹; (sometime) ítsu ka ࠷ࡗ࠾; ~ did shitakotó ga arimásu ࡊࡒ஥ ࠿࠵ࡽࡱࡌ࣬ࡊࡒࡆ࡛࠿࠵ࡽࡱ ࡌ; ~ in a while tama ni ࡒࡱ࡞ one n ichí ୌ; hitótsu ୌࡗ࣬ࡥ࡛ ࡗ; hito-… ୌ…, ichi-… ୌ…; wán ࣠ࣤ; (person) (o-)hitori ࠽ ୌெ࣬࠽ ࡥ࡛ࡽ, ichí-mei ୌ ྞ; ~ of a pair, the other ~ katáhø ∞᪁, katáppø ∞ࡖ᪁, katáppo ∞ࡖࡰ࣬࠾ࡒࡖࡰ; one after another tsugí-tsugi ni ḗࠍ࡞, zokuzoku ⤾ࠍ, áitsuide ┞ḗ࠷࡚; one and the same hitótsu ୌࡗ࣬ࡥ࡛ࡗ; one by one ichi-ichi ୌࠍ oneself pron jibun ⮤ฦ; wáre ᠻ; ~ (as we might expect) sasuga no … ࡈࡌ࠿ࡡ…; talking to ~ hítori-goto ≺ࡽゕ one-way adj (ticket) katamichi(kíppu) ∞㐠ว➚ ; (traffic) ippø-tsü´kø ୌ᪁㏳⾔ onion n (green) négi ࡠࡁ࣬ࢾ࢟㹺 ⴼ; (round bulb) tama-négi ⋚ࡠ ࡁ>ⴼ@࣬ࢰ࣏ࢾ࢟ only adj táda … ࡒࡓ…, tatta … ࡒࡖࡒ…, … daké…ࡓࡄ, … bákari …ࡣ࠾ࡽ; … ni sugínai …࡞㐛ࡁ࡝࠷ Ontario n Ontario ࢛ࣤࢰ࢛ࣛ oops interj otto ࠽ࡖ࡛, o’ ࠽ࡖ, a’ ࠵ࡖ opaque adj futømei (na) ୘㏩᪺ ࡝



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opal n opåru ࢛ࣂ࣭ࣜ open v 1. ~s it akemásu 㛜ࡄࡱࡌ, (~s it up) hirakimásu 㛜ࡀࡱࡌ; (begins it) hajimemásu ጙࡴࡱࡌ 2. it ~s akimásu 㛜ࡀࡱࡌ; (it begins) hajimarimásu ጙࡱࡽࡱࡌ,



(a place, an event) ø´pun shimásu ࢛࣭ࣈࣤࡊࡱࡌ, kaijø shimásu 㛜ሔࡊࡱࡌ (a shop/business) kaiten shimásu 㛜ᗉࡊࡱࡌ 3. ~ to the public køkai (no) ප㛜ࡡ ; ~s it to the public køkai shimásu ප㛜ࡊࡱࡌ; open door n (admission free) nyüjø muryø ථሔ↋ ᩩ; open-minded adj ① (broadminded) kokoro no hiroi ᚨࡡᗀ ࠷ ② (unprejudiced) henken no nai ೩ずࡡ࡝࠷; open-mouthed adj (dumbfounded) azen to shita ၇ ↓࡛ࡊࡒ opening n 1. (inlet) kuchi ཾ 2. (gap) suki(-ma) ㏩ࡀ㝵㛣 3. (of a place) kaijø 㛜ሔ, ø´pun ࢛ ࣭ࣈࣤ; ~ ceremony kaijø/kaikaishiki 㛜ሔ㛜ఌᘟ; ~ time kaijøjíkan 㛜ሔ᫤㛣 4. (book) bøtø ා 㢄; job opening n shüshoku-guchi ᑯ⫃ཾ open(ly) adv (publicly) køzen (no/to) ප↓ࡡ࡛ ; (candid) ø´pun (na/ni) ࢛࣭ࣈࣤ࡝࡞ , sotchoku (na/ni) ⋙├࡝࡞ opera n kágeki ḯ๸, ópera ࢛࣋ࣚ operate v (machinery) søjü shimásu ᧧⦢ࡊࡱࡌ; (vehicle) unten shimásu 㐘㌷ࡊࡱࡌ; (machinery) ugokashimásu ິ࠾ࡊࡱࡌ;



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order



(business) keiei shimásu ⤊ႜࡊ ࡱࡌࡌࡾ, ࡊ࡙ operation n (surgical) shújutsu ᡥ ⾙; (driving) unten 㐘㌷; (handling) søjü ᧧⦢; (management) keiei ⤊ႜ; (working) sagyø షᴏ, shigoto ௘஥ operator n 1. (telephone) (denwa) køkánshu 㞹ヨ ஹᥦᡥ; operëtå ࢛࣭࣋ࣝࢰ࣭ 2. (vehicle) unténshu 㐘㌷ᡥ 3. (business) keiéisha ⤊ႜ⩽ opinion n (go-)íken ࡇ ណず, kangáe ⩻࠻; hyø´ka ビ౮; (outlook) mikomi ず㎰ࡲ, (observation) kansoku びῼ; public ~ yóron ୠㄵ opium n ahen ࢓ࣉࣤ࣬㜷∞ opponent n (sports) (o-)aite ࠽ ┞ᡥ; taikø-sha ᑊᢘ⩽; (rival) teki ᩓ opportunity n kikái ᶭఌ; chansu ࢲࣔࣤࢪ; (opening) suki(-ma) ㏩ࡀ㝵㛣 ; (opportune time) jíki ᫤ᶭ, jísetsu ᫤⟿ oppose v … ni hantai shimásu … ࡞ཬᑊࡊࡱࡌ, … o kobamimásu …ࢅᢼࡲࡱࡌ; (resists) … ni hankø shimásu …࡞ཬᢘࡊࡱ ࡌ; … to tairitsu shimásu …࡛ ᑊ❟ࡊࡱࡌ, …ni taikø shimásu …࡞ᑊᢘࡊࡱࡌ; (faces) … ni mukaimásu …࡞ྡྷ࠾࠷ࡱࡌ opposite adj (facing) mukø (no) ྡྷࡆ࠹ࡡ , (o-)múkai (no) ࠽ ྡྷ࠾࠷ࡡ ; (contrary) gyaku (no) ㏣ࡡ , (opposing) hantai



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(no) ཬᑊࡡ opposition n (resistance) hankø ཬ ᢘ; (confrontation) taikø ᑊᢘ; in ~ to … ni taikø shite …࡞ᑊᢘࡊ ࡙; ~ party yatø 㔕ඨ oppression n appaku ᅸ㏍ optimistic adj rakkan-teki (na) ᴞ びⓏ࡝ optional adj zuii (no) 㝮ណࡡ , nin’i (no) ௴ណࡡ or conj … ka …࠾; mátá-wa ࡱࡒ ࡢ࣬ཧࡢ; or else sore-tómo ࡐࡿ ࡛ࡵ, mátá-wa ࡱࡒࡢ࣬ཧࡢ, arúiwa ࠵ࡾ࠷ࡢ࣬ᡀ࠷ࡢ; or something (like it) … tó ka … ࡛࠾ oral adj 1. kuchi no ཾࡡ, kuchi kará no ཾ࠾ࡼࡡ; keikø(-) ⤊ཾ; ~ contraceptive keikøhinín’yaku ⤊ཾ㑂ዲⷾ 2. (verbal) køtø (no) ཾ㢄ࡡ ; ~ examination køtøshímon ཾ㢄ムၡ orange n 1. orénji ࢛ࣝࣤࢩ; (Man-



drain orange, tangerine) míkan ࡲ࠾ࢆ࣐࣬࢜ࣤ㹺⻜᯷; (bitter) daidái ࡓ࠷ࡓ࠷࣬ࢱ࢕ࢱ࢕㹺 ᶫ 2. (color) ᶫ㯛Ⰵ㹺࡛࠹ࡆ࠹ ࡊࡺࡂ orbit n kidø ㌮㐠 orchestra n økesutora ࢛࣭ࢢࢪࢹࣚ orchid n rán ⹊࣬ࣚࣤ order 1. n júnjo 㡨ᗆ, jun 㡨; alphabetical ~ ë-bii-shii (ABC)jun ࢙࣭ࣄ࣭ࢨ࣭>ABC@㡨; (turn) junban 㡨␊ 2. n (grade, step) dán ṹ, dankai ṹ㝭 3. n (procedure) tejun ᡥ㡨 4. n (rule) kimari Ửࡱࡽ; chitsujo



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ordinary



⛓ᗆ 5. n (command) meirei Osaka n Øsaka ኬ㜨 ࿤௦ 6. v (clothes, meal, etc.) other adj hoka (no) ௙ࡡ , betsu chümon shimásu Ἰᩝࡊࡱࡌ 7. (no) ืࡡ ; [BOOKISH] tá (no) v (a person to do something) … ௙ࡡ ; ~ companies tásha ௙♣; ni ii-tsukemásu …࡞ゕ࠷௛ࡄࡱ in other words conj sunáwachi ࡌ ࡌ࣬ゕ࠷ࡗࡄࡱࡌ, meijimásu ࿤ ࡝ࢂࡔ࣬༳ࡔ; the other day adv ࡋࡱࡌ; puts in order (tidies up) kon[o]aidá ࡆ࡝࠷ࡓ>ࡆࡡ㛣@; the other fellow n aité (o-)aite ࠽ katazukemásu ∞௛ࡄࡱࡌ; ┞ᡥ; the other side n senpø ඙᪁; (arranges as a set) soroemásu ᥖ࠻ࡱࡌ࣬ࡐࢀ࠻ࡱࡌ on the other hand tahø de wa ௙᪁ ordinary adj futsü (no) ᬉ㏳࣬ࡨࡗ ࡚ࡢ; other than … yóri …ࡻࡽ ࠹ࡡ , tsüjø (no) ㏳ᖏࡡ , tsúne otherwise adv sá-mo nákereba ࡈࡵ ࡝ࡄࡿࡣ, sø´shinai to ࡐ࠹ࡊ࡝ (no) ᖏࡡ , fúdan (no) ᬉṹ࣬ ࡨࡓࢆࡡ ; táda (no) ࡒࡓࡡ ; ࠷࡛, [INFORMAL] sø´ja nái to ࡐ ࠹ࡋࡶ࡝࠷࡛ (average) nami (no) ୩ࡡ organic adj øganikku (no) ࢛࣭࢝ ouch! interj itái! ⑚࠷࣬࠷ࡒ࠷!, ࢼࢴࢠࡡ , yüki (no) ᭯ᶭࡡ itáí! ⑚ࡖ ࣬࠷ࡒࡖ ! organization n (setup) soshiki ⤄⧂; ought to auxiliary verb ~ (do) (structure) kumi-tate ⤄ࡲ❟࡙࣬ (shi)-ta hø´ga íi deshøࡊ ࡒ᪁ ࡂࡲࡒ࡙, køzø ᵋ㏸; (group) ࠿࠷࠷࡚ࡊࡺ࠹, [BOOKISH] (su)dantai ᅆమ ru béki desu ࡌ ࡾ࡬ࡀ࡚ࡌ organize v (forms) kumi-tatemásu our(s) pron watakushí-tachi no ⤄ࡲ❟࡙ࡱࡌ࣬ࡂࡲࡒ࡙ࡱࡌ; (watáshí-táchi no) ࢂࡒࡂࡊ>⚶@ 㐡ࡡࢂࡒࡊ>⚶@㐡ࡡ hensei shimásu ⥽ᠺࡊࡱࡌ Oriental adj Tø´yø (no) ᮶Ὂࡡ out adv sóto e/ni አ࡫࡞; (away origin n kígen ㉫″, (cause) from home) (o-)rúsu (desu) ࠽ gen’in ཋᅄ, moto ඔ, okorí ㉫ࡆ ⏻Ꮼ࡚ࡌ , gaishutsu-chü (désu) ࡽ, hassei Ⓠ⏍ አฝ୯࡚ࡌ ; come/go ~ (… kara) originally adv móto wa ඔࡢ࣬ࡵ࡛ demásu …࠾ࡼ ฝࡱࡌ; let ~ (of ࡢ, motomoto ඔࠍ࣬ࡵ࡛ࡵ࡛, a vehicle) oroshimásu 㜾ࢀࡊࡱࡌ; hónrai wa ᮇᮮࡢ, gánrai wa ඔ out loud adv kóe o dáshite ኇࢅฝ ᮮࡢ; (in itself) jitai⮤మ ࡊ࡙; out of order; gets ~ kuruimásu ornament n kazari(-mono) 㣥ࡽ∸ , ≤࠷ࡱࡌ; (broken machine) koshø søshoku-hin ⿞㣥ဗ, (decoration) shiteimásu ᨶ㝸ࡊ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ; out of service n, adj kaisø(-chü) ᅂ㏞ søshoku ⿞㣥 orphan n kóji Ꮣඡ; orphanage n ୯ ; a car ~ kaisø-sha ᅂ㏞㌬; out of the way; gets ~ dokimásu ࡜ kojí-in Ꮣඡ㝌



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outwitted



ࡀࡱࡌ࣬㏝ࡂ, nokimásu ࡡࡀࡱ ࡌ࣬㏝ࡀࡱࡌ; out of touch with … adj ni utói …࡞␧࠷࣬࠹࡛࠷ outage n (power ~) teiden ೳ㞹࣬ ࡙࠶࡙ࢆ out-box n (e-mail) søshin bokkusu ㏞ಘ࣍ࢴࢠࢪ outbound adj (from Tokyo) kudari ୖࡽ outbreak n toppatsu ✲Ⓠ; hassei Ⓠ⏍ outbuilding n hanare 㞫ࡿ outburst n bakuhatsu ⇷Ⓠ outcome n (of situation) ketsumatsu ⤎ᮆ; (result) séika ᠺᯕ; (product) sanbutsu ⏐∸; (medical diagnosis) tenki ㌷ᖉ outdoor(s) adj (adv) sóto no (/de/ ni/e) አࡡ࡚࡞࡫ ; yagai no (/de) 㔕አࡡ࡚ ; autodoa (no) ࢓ࢗࢹࢺ࢓ࡡ ; okugai no (/de/ ni/e) ᒁአࡡ࡚࡞࡫ ; ~ bath noten-búro 㔕ኮ㢴࿁ outer adj ~ appearance uwabe ࠹ ࢂ࡬࣬୕㎮; ~ lane/track autokø´su ࢓ࢗࢹࢤ࣭ࢪ; ~ space úchü Ꮻᏼ outfit n judo ~ jüdø´-gi ᯺㐠╌; karate ~ karaté-gí ✭ᡥ╌ outflow n de ฝ; ryüshutsu Ὦฝ outing n (picnic etc.) ensoku 㐪㊂ ࣬࠻ࢆࡐࡂ outlet n 1. déguchi ฝཾ; (for water/



ࣤࢬࣤࢹ; (plug) sashi-komi ᕣࡊ ㎰ࡲ࣬ࡈࡊࡆࡲ, puragu ࣈࣚࢡ outline n 1. (synopsis) gaiyø ᴣこ, auto rain ࢓ࢗࢹࣚ࢕ࣤ 2. (line) rinkaku ㍧㒄 outlook n mikomi ず㎰ࡲ࣬ずࡆࡲ, mitøshi ず㏳ࡊ output n auto putto ࢓ࢗࢹࣈࢴࢹ, seisan ⏍⏐, sanshutsu ⏐ฝ outrageous adj tonde-mo nái ࡛ࢆ ࡚ࡵ࡝࠷, tonda ࡛ࢆࡓ outset n (beginning) hána ࡢ࡝࣬ ❻, saisho ᭩ิ, shoppana ิࡖ❻ ࣬ࡊࡺࡖࡤ࡝ outside 1. adv sóto (de/ni) አ࡚ ࡞ 2. adj soto-gawa አഁࡡ , sóto (no) አࡡ 3. n the ~ sotogawa አഁ, hata ࡢࡒ࣬❻, gáibu አ㒂, gaimen አ㟻 outskirts n (suburb) shígai ᕰአ, køgai 㑱አ, (tóshi no) shühen 㒌ᕰࡡ ࿔㎮ outsourcing n autosøshingu ࢓ࢗࢹ ࢮ࣭ࢨࣤࢡ, gyømu itaku ᴏຸ ጟェ, gaichü አἸ, gaibu hatchü አ㒂ⓆἸ outspread adj hirogatta ᗀ࠿ࡖࡒ outstanding adj medátta ┘❟ࡖ ࡒ࣬ࡴࡓࡖࡒ, kencho (na) 㢟ⴥ ࡝ , medátte imásu ┘❟ࡖ࡙࠷ ࡱࡌ࣬ࡴࡓࡖ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ outward 1. adj soto (no) አࡡ, (ostensible) mikake jø (no) ず࠾ ࡄ࣬ࡲ࠾ࡄ୕ࡡ , hyømen jø (no) emotion/goods) haké-kuchi/guchi ࡢࡄཾ; (sales ~) ure-kuchi ⾪㟻୕ࡡ 2. adv soto e አ࡫ ኉ࡿཾ; (store) chokubái-ten ├ outwitted; gets ~ (tricked) goma኉ᗉ 2. (electric ~) kónsénto ࢤ kasaremásu ࡇࡱ࠾ࡈࡿࡱࡌ࣬



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oval



ㄏ㨩໩ࡈࡿࡱࡌ oval 1. n daen(-kei) ᳻ළᙟ ࣬ࡓ ළᙟ 2. adj daen-kei (no) ᳻ළ >ࡓළ@ᙟࡡ ovation n daikassai ኬႍ㔏; standing ~ sutandingu obëshon ࢪࢰࣤ ࢸ࢔ࣤࢡ࢛࣭࣬࣊ࢨࣘࣤ ovary n ransø ༵ᕛ, (plant) shibø Ꮔᡛ oven n øbun ࢛࣭ࣇࣤ, témpi ኮ ℾ, kama ࠾ࡱ࣬❌, kamado ࠾ࡱ ࡜࣬❗ over 1. prep (above) … no ue (de/ ni) …ࡡ୕࡚࡞ , … o øimásu …ࢅさ࠷ࡱࡌ; (more than) … ijø ௧୕; ... yori øku ...ࡻࡽኣࡂ; … o sugimásu …ࢅ㐛ࡁࡱࡌ; … o koemásu …ࢅ㉰࠻ࡱࡌ 2. adj (above)… no ue (no) …ࡡ୕ࡡ 3. adv (above) ue (ni) ୕࡞  (covered) ichimen (ni) ୌ㟻࡞ ; (finished) owarimashita ⤂ࢂࡽ ࡱࡊࡒ; (run over) kurikaeshimásu ⧖ࡽ㏁ࡊࡱࡌ; over there mukø ྡྷࡆ࠹, mukai ྡྷ࠾࠷, sochira/sotchi ࡐࡔࡼࡐࡖࡔ, achira/atchi ࠵ࡔࡼ࠵ࡖࡔ; (other side) mukø gawa ni ྡྷࡆ ࠹ഁ࡞ overall adj, adv (composite) søgø-teki (na/ni) ⥪ྙⓏ࡝࡞ , zentai-teki (na/ni) ධమⓏ࡝࡞ overcharge v ~ (for) fukkakemásu ࡨࡖ࠾ࡄࡱࡌ; gets ~ed for fukkakeraremásu ࡨࡖ࠾ࡄࡼࡿࡱࡌ overcoat n ø´bå ࢛࣭ࣁ࣭, køto ࢤ ࣭ࢹ, gaitø አዎ,



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overcome v uchikachimásu ᡬࡔົ ࡔࡱࡌ, kokufukushimásu ග᭱ ࡊࡱࡌ overdo v ~ (it) múri o shimásu ↋ ⌦ࢅࡊࡱࡌ, (sore o) múri ni yarimásu ࡐࡿࢅ ↋⌦࡞ࡷࡽࡱࡌ overestimate 1. n kadai hyøka 㐛ኬ ビ౮ 2. v kadai hyøka shimásu 㐛ኬビ౮ࡊࡱࡌ overemphasize v kyøchøshisugimásu ᙁㄢࡊ㐛ࡁࡱࡌ࣬ᙁㄢࡊࡌ ࡁࡱࡌ overexposure n roshutsu kado 㟚ฝ 㐛ᗐ overflow v afuremásu ࠵ࡨࡿ>‼ ࡿ@ࡱࡌ; hanran shimásu ệ⃻ࡊ ࡱࡌ overheat 1. n kanetsu 㐛⇍, (engine, etc.) øbå hiito ࢛࣭ࣁ࣭ ࣃ࣭ࢹ 2. v kanetsu shimásu 㐛 ⇍ࡊࡱࡌ, (engine, etc.) øbå hiito shimásu ࢛࣭ࣁ࣭ࣃ࣭ࢹࡊࡱࡌ overlap v kasanarimásu 㔔࡝ࡽࡱ ࡌ, [INFORMAL] daburimásu ࡓ ࡩࡽࡱࡌ overly adv amari ni mo ࠵ࡱࡽ࡞ࡵ; … -sugimásu …㐛ࡁࡱࡌ; ~ strict yakamashíi ࡷ࠾ࡱࡊ࠷ over-optimism n chø rakkan shugi ㉰ᴞび୹⩇, chø rakuten-teki/ka ㉰ᴞኮⓏᐓ overprice v takane o tsukesugimásu 㧏ೋࢅ௛ࡄ㐛ࡁࡱࡌ࣬ࡗ ࡄࡌࡁࡱࡌ overprint v 1. surikasanemásu ใ ࡽ㔔ࡠࡱࡌ 2. surisugimásu ใ ࡽ㐛ࡁࡱࡌ



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pad



overseas adj káigai ᾇአ; ~ travel kaigai-ryokø ᾇአ᪉⾔ oversee v kantoku shimásu ┐╡ ࡊࡱࡌ overshoot v ikisugimásu ⾔ࡀ㐛 ࡁࡱࡌ overtake v … ni oi-tsukimásu … ࡞㏛࠷௛ࡀࡱࡌ overthrow v taoshimásu ಻ࡊࡱࡌ, hikkuri kaeshimásu ࡥࡖࡂࡽ㏁ ࡊࡱࡌ overtime; runs ~ jikan ga ø´bå shimásu ᫤㛣࠿࢛࣭ࣁ࣭ࡊࡱࡌ; ~ work zangyø ṟᴏ overwork v múri o shimásu ↋⌦ ࢅࡊࡱࡌ owe v (borrow money) (hito ni kane o) karite imásu ெ࡞㔘ࢅ ೇࡽ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ



owing adj ~ to … (no) séi de… ࡡ ࡎ࠷࡚ → because owl n fukúrø´ ࡨࡂࢀ࠹࣬ࣆࢠࣞ ࢗ㹺ᱽ own 1. v (possesses) mótte imásu ᣚࡖ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ 2. adj (one’s own) jibun no ⮤ฦࡡ, shoyü no ᡜ᭯ࡡ owner n (mochí-)nushi ᣚࡔ ୹, shoyüsha ᡜ᭯⩽; (master) shújin ୹ெ, ønå ࢛࣭ࢻ࣭; (landowner) ji-nushi ᆀ୹ ox n (cattle) ushi ∭࣬ࢗࢨ, (male) o-ushi 㞕∭ oxygen n sánso 㓗⣪ oyster n káki ࠾ࡀ࣬࢜࢞㹺∳⽻, oisutå ࢛࢕ࢪࢰ࣭ ozone layer n ozon sø ࢛ࢯࣤᒒ



P pace n pësu ࣭࣋ࢪ, hochø Ṅㄢ; ㏸ࡽࢅࡊࡱࡌ 3. v (wraps it up) walking pace n aruku hayasa Ṅࡂ tsutsumimásu ໜࡲࡱࡌ, høsø ㏷ࡈ, aruku sokudo Ṅࡂ㏷ᗐ shimásu ໜ⿞ࡊࡱࡌ Pacific Ocean n Taihéiyø ኯᖲὊ package n kozútsumi ᑚໜ, nimopacify v shizumemásu 㟴>㙘@ࡴࡱ tsu Ⲭ∸, pakkëji ࣂࢴࢢ࣭ࢩ ࡌ; (soothes) nadamemásu ࡝ࡓ packed adj 1. (full) tsumatte(i)ru ࡴࡱࡌ࣬ᐅࡴࡱࡌ; (suppresses ョࡱࡖ࡙࠷ ࡾ, tsumatta ョࡱࡖ ࡒ 2. (crowded) konde(i)ru Ίࢆ an uprising) osamemásu ཭ࡴ ࡱࡌ ࡚࠷ ࡾ, konda Ίࢆࡓ; packed train n man’in densha ‫‮‬ဤ㞹㌬ pack 1. n (of cards) (toránpu) packet n (kogata) høsø´-butsu ᑚ hitó-kumi ࢹࣚࣤࣈ ୌ⤄; ᆵ ໜ⿞∸, kozútsumi ᑚໜ (of cigarettes) (tabako) hitóhako ࡒࡣࡆ ୌ⟵ 2. v (one’s pact n kyøtei ༝ᏽ, jøyaku ᮪⣑ pad n (note pad) memo-chø ࣒࣓ bags) ni-zúkuri o shimásu Ⲭ



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paddle



ᖋ; shoulder pad n kata-ate ⫢ᙔ࡙, kata paddo ⫢ࣂࢴࢺ paddle n kai ᷣ paddy n suiden Ề⏛ page n pëji ࣭࣋ࢩ࣬㡣 pail n te-oke ᡥᱡ pain 1. n itamí ⑚ࡲ; (suffering) kurushimi ⱖࡊࡲ, (trouble, bother) mendø 㟻಻ takes (great) ~s honé o orimásu 㦭ࢅᢙࡽࡱࡌ 2. v (distresses) kurushimemásu ⱖࡊࡴࡱࡌ painful adj itái ⑚࠷; kurushíi ⱖࡊ ࠷, tsurai ㎖࠷ paint 1. n penki ࣋ࣤ࢞, enogu ⤦ ࡡර, tosø ሧ⿞ 2. v (penki o) nurimásu (࣋ࣤ࢞ࢅ ሧࡽࡱࡌ; (picture) e o kakimásu ⤦ࢅᥝࡀ ࡱࡌ pair n (it-) tsui ୌ ᑊ; pea ࣋࢓; (of footwear) is-sokú ୌ㊂ pajamas n pajama ࣂࢩ࣏ࣔ; nemaki ᐱᕬࡀ Pakistan n Pakisutan ࣂ࢞ࢪࢰࣤ pal n (o-)nakama ࠽ ௯㛣; pen pal n pen paru ࣋ࣤࣂࣜ, pen furendo ࣋ࣤࣆࣝࣤࢺ, buntsü nakama ᩝ㏳௯㛣, buntsü tomodachi ᩝ㏳ཪ㐡 palace n (in Tokyo) kø´kyo ⓒᑽ; (in Kyoto) gósho ᚒᡜ; (in general) kyüden ᐋẂ, paresu ࣂ ࣝࢪ pale adj 1. (color) (iro ga) usui Ⰵ࠿ ⷟࠷; usui […iro] (no) ⷟ ࠷>…Ⰵ@ࡡ 2. (face) (kao ga) aói (㢞࠿ 㟯࠷, (kao ga) aojiroi



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㢞࠿ 㟯Ⓣ࠷ Palestine n Paresuchina ࣂࣝࢪࢲࢻ palm n (tree) yáshi ࣕࢨ᳨࣬Ꮔ; (~ of hand) té-nó-hira ᡥࡡࡥࡼ࣬ᤰ pamper v amayakashimásu ⏉ࡷ ࠾ࡊࡱࡌ pamphlet n pánfurétto ࣂࣤࣆࣝࢴ ࢹ; (leaflet, handbill) bira ࡦࡼ࣬ ࣄࣚ, chirashi ࡔࡼࡊ࣬ࢲࣚࢨ pan n (o-)nabe ࠽ 㘘; food cooked and served in a ~ nabémono 㘘∸; nabe-ryøri 㘘ᩩ⌦ pancake n pankëki ࣂࣤࢢ࣭࢞, hottokëki ࣌ࢴࢹࢢ࣭࢞; ~ mix hottokëki no moto ࣌ࢴࢹࢢ࣭ ࢞ࡡ⣪ pancreas n suizø ⭽⮒࣬ࡌ࠷⮒ panda n panda ࣂࣤࢱ panel n paneru ࣂࢾࣜ; panel discussion n paneru disukasshon ࣂࢾ ࣜࢸ࢔ࢪ࢜ࢴࢨࣘࣤ; panel house n baishun yado ኉᫋ᐙ panic n pánikku ࣂࢼࢴࢠ, [BOOKISH] kyøkø ᜅុ pant v (for breath) aegimásu ࠵࠻ ࡁ>ႉࡁ@ࡱࡌ panther n hyø ㇦࣬ࣃࣘࢗ, pyüma ࣅ࣭࣏ࣖ panties n pántii ࣂࣤࢷ࢔࣭, pántsu ࣂࣤࢵ pantry n (dish cupboard) shokki(tó)dana 㣏ჹᡖ Წ; (room) shokuryø´-ko 㣏ᩩᗔ pants n zubón ࢫ࣍ࣤ, (slacks) surákkusu ࢪࣚࢴࢠࢪ; (underpants) zubon-shita ࢫ࣍ࣤୖ; (women’s) pántaron ࣂࣤࢰࣞࣤ



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parish



papa n papa ࣂࣂ, o-tøsan ࠽࡛࠹ ࡈࢆ࣬࠽∏ࡈࢆ, o-tøchan ࠽࡛ ࠹ࡔࡶࢆ࣬࠽∏ࡔࡶࢆ papaya n papaiya ࣂࣂ࢕ࣕ paper n 1. kamí ⣤; yøshi ⏕⣤, (squared) genkøyø´shi ཋ✇⏕ ⣤; (tissues) chiri-gami ࡔࡽ⣤, tisshu ࢷ࢔ࢴࢨࣖ; (Japanese) wáshi ࿰⣤; colored ~ irógami Ⰵ ⣤ 2. (newspaper) shinbun ᩺⪲, 3. (research report) happyø Ⓠ⾪ 4. → document; paper bag n kamibúkuro ⣤⾼; paperclip n kamibásami ⣤ᣫࡲ, kuríppu ࢠࣛࢴ ࣈ; paperfolding (art) n orígami ᢙࡽ ⣤࣬࠽ࡽ࠿ࡲ; paperweight n bunchin ᩝ㙘࣬ࣇࣤࢲࣤ Papua New Guinea n Papua nyüginia ࣂࣈ࢓ࢼ࣭ࣖ࢟ࢼ࢓ parachute n parashüto ࣂࣚࢨ࣭ࣖࢹ parade n parëdo ࣂ࣭ࣝࢺ, gyøretsu ⾔า, (march) køshin ⾔㐅; demo køshin ࢸ࣓⾔㐅; parade ground n eppei-jø 㛸ඹሔ paradise n téngoku ኮᅗ, gokuraku ᴗᴞ, paradaisu ࣂࣚࢱ࢕ࢪ paraffin n parafin ࣂࣚࣆ࢔ࣤ paraglider n paraguraidå ࣂࣚࢡ ࣚ࢕ࢱ࣭ paragraph n danraku ṹⴘ, setsu ⟿, paragurafu ࣂࣚࢡࣚࣆ Paraguay n Paraguai ࣂࣚࢡ࢓࢕ parakeet n inko ࢕ࣤࢤ parallel n heikø ୩⾔; parallel lines n heikø sen ୩⾔⥲ paralysis n (medical) máhi 㯖⑯ paralytic n mahi kanja 㯖⑯ᝀ⩽



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parameter n paramëta ࣂ࣒࣭ࣚࢰ, paramëtå ࣂ࣒࣭ࣚࢰ࣭; hensü ንᩐ paramount adj saikø (no) ᭩㧏ࡡ ; shijø (no) ⮫୕ࡡ paraphrase n parafurëzu ࣂࣚࣆࣝ ࣭ࢫ parasite n parasaito ࣂࣚࢦ࢕ࢹ, isørø ᑽು, (worm) kiseichü ᐞ ⏍⹰ parasol n hi-gása ᪝ഘ; (beach umbrella) parasoru ࣂࣚࢮࣜ parcel n kozútsumi ᑚໜ, nimotsu Ⲭ∸ pardon v yurushimásu スࡊࡱࡌ; Pardon? (say once more) [POLITE] Mø ichido osshatte kudasai. ࡵ ࠹ୌᗐ࠽ࡖࡊࡶࡖ࡙ୖࡈ࠷; (male) Nandatte! రࡓࡖ࡙!; (female) Nandesutte! ర࡚ ࡌࡖ࡙!; Shitsúrei desu ga. ኶♡ ࡚ࡌ࠿ → Sorry?, Excuse me.; Pardon me! Shitsúrei shimásu. ኶ ♡ࡊࡱࡌ; Sumimasén ࡌࡲࡱࡎ ࢆ; Gomennasai. ࡇࡴࢆ࡝ࡈ࠷. pare v (peels it) mukimásu ࡳࡀࡱ ࡌ࣬๡ࡀࡱࡌ parent n oyá の, kata oya ∞の, your ~ oyagosan のᚒࡈࢆ; one’s ~s oyátachi の㐡, (father and mother) ryø´shin ୦の, your ~s go-ryø´shin ࡇ୦の; parent and child n óyako のᏄ parenting n ikuji ⫩ඡ; kosodate Ꮔ⫩࡙ Paris n Pári ࣂࣛ parish n kyø(-kai) ku ᩅఌ ༇



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park



park 1. n køen පᅧ; (parking lot) chüsha-jø 㥌㌬ሔ 2. v (a car) chüsha shimásu 㥌㌬ࡊࡱࡌ parking n chüsha 㥌㌬; free parking n muryø chü´shajø ↋ᩩ㥌㌬ሔ; No parking n chüsha kinshi 㥌㌬⚏ Ḿ; paid parking n yüryø chüshajø ᭯ᩩ㥌㌬ሔ parliament → Diet parliamentary adj gikai (no) ㆗ఌࡡ parlor n (drawing room) kyakuma ᐂ㛣; beauty parlor n biyøin ⨶ᐖ 㝌, byütii saron ࣄ࣭ࣖࢷ࢔ࢦࣞࣤ parrot n ømu ࠽࠹ࡳ࢛࣑࣬ࢗ࣬ 㮡㬹 part n 1. búbun 㒂ฦ, ichí-bu ୌ 㒂; (portion) bún ฦ, (section) bú 㒂; I for my ~ watashi wa watashi de ࢂࡒࡊ>⚶@ࡢࢂࡒࡊ >⚶@࡚ 2. (passage of a text) … tokoró …ᡜ; this ~ koko ࡆࡆ 3. (parting of hair) wake-me ฦ ࡄ┘ 4. (role) yakuwari ᙲ๪, yakú ᙲ 5. v (to divide) wakemásu ฦࡄࡱࡌ; (they separate) wakaremásu ืࡿࡱࡌ; ~ with … o hanashimásu …ࢅ㞫ࡊࡱࡌ partial adj ichibu (no) ୌ㒂ࡡ , ichibubun ୌ㒂ฦ participant n sanká-sha ཤຊ⩽ participate v sanka shimásu ཤຊ ࡊࡱࡌ particle n 1. (auxiliary word) joshi ຐペ 2. (physics) ryüshi ⢇Ꮔ particular adj 1. (especial) tokubetsu no ≁ืࡡ; (separate) betsu no ืࡡ; (peculiar, unique)



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tókushu na ≁Ṟ࡝, tokuyü no ≁ ᭯ࡡ 2. (specific) áru … ࠵ࡾ…, kore to iú/yü … ࡆࡿ࡛ゕ࠹ࡹ ࠹… → choosy; in particular adv tóku-ni ≁࡞, toriwake ࡛ࡽࢂࡄ particularly adv toku ni ≁࡞, tokubetsu ni ≁ื࡞, toriwake ࡛ࡽࢂ ࡄ, koto ni Ṟ࡞; not ~ betsu ni ื࡞ + [NEGATIVE] partition n shikiri ௘วࡽ, (computer) påtishon ࣂ࣭ࢷ࢔ࢨࣘࣤ partner n aité ┞ᡥo-aite ࠽┞ᡥ , påtonå ࣂ࣭ࢹࢻ࣭ parts n buhin 㒂ဗ; bubun 㒂ฦ, påtsu ࣂ࣭ࢵ part-time adj arubáito (no) ࢓ࣜࣁ ࢕ࢹࡡ , baito (no) ࣁ࢕ࢹࡡ ; påto taimu (no) ࣂ࣭ࢹࢰ࢕࣑ࡡ ; hi-jøkin (no) 㟸ᖏໂࡡ ; part-time high school n teiji-sei køkø ᏽ᫤โ 㧏ᰧ; part-time job n arubáito (no shigoto) ࢓ࣜࣁ࢕ࢹࡡ௘஥ ; påto taimu (no shigoto) ࣂ࣭ࢹ ࢰ࢕࣑ࡡ௘஥ party n 1. enkai ᐑఌ, på´ti ࣂ࣭ ࢷ࢔, på´tii ࣂ࣭ࢷ࢔࣭, …-kai …ఌ → reception 2. political ~ seitø ᨳඨ; birthday party n tanjøbi kai ㄄⏍᪝ఌ, båsudë påti/påti(i) ࣁ࣭ࢪࢸ࣭࣬ࣂ࣭ࢷ࢔ࣂ࣭ࢷ ࢔࣭; opposition party n yatø 㔕ඨ; year-end party n bønen kai ᚸᖳఌ; welcome party n kangei kai Ḵ㎼ఌ pass 1. n (commuter ticket) teikíken ᏽ᭿ไ 2. n (mountain ~) tøgé ᓑ, …-tø´ge …ᓑ 3. n (sexual overture) kudoku ཾㄕࡂ,



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patriot



iiyoru ゕ࠷ᐞࡾ; makes a ~ at … o kudokimásu …ཾㄕࡀࡱࡌ; nanpa shimásu ࢻࣤࣂࡊࡱࡌ 4. v (goes past) …o tørimásu …ࢅ㏳ ࡽࡱࡌ; (exceeds) sugimásu 㐛ࡁ ࡱࡌ; (hands over) watashimásu ῳࡊࡱࡌ; (hands around) mawashimásu ᅂࡊࡱࡌ; (salt, sugar, etc.) torimásu ཱིࡽࡱࡌ 5. v (exam) (shikén ni) gøkaku shimásu ム㥺 ࡞ ྙ᰹ࡊࡱࡌ, ukárimásu ུ࠾ ࡽࡱࡌ, (shikén o) pásu-shimásu ム㥺ࢅ ࣂࢪࡊࡱࡌ 6. v (time ~es) tachimásu ⤊ࡔࡱࡌ, hemásu ⤊ࡱࡌ, keika shimásu ⤊㐛ࡊࡱ ࡌ; (~es time) sugoshimásu 㐛ࡇ ࡊࡱࡌ 7. v (overtakes and ~es a vehicle) … o oi-koshimásu …ࢅ㏛࠷㉲ࡊࡱࡌ; No passing oi-koshi kinshi ㏛࠷㉲ࡊ⚏Ḿ 8. v ~ it on tsutaemásu ఎ࠻ࡱࡌ; is passed on tsutawarimásu ఎࢂ ࡽࡱࡌ; pass out (loses consciousness) íshiki o ushinaimásu ណㆉ ࢅ኶࠷ࡱࡌ passage n tsükø ㏳⾔; (thoroughfare) tørí㏳ࡽ, tsü´ro ㏳㊨, (corridor) røka ᗧୖ; (of text) … tokoró…࡛ࡆࢀ, issetsu ୌ⟿ passenger n jøkyaku ஋ᐂ, ryokyaku ᪉ᐂ; ~ car (automobile) jøyøsha ஋⏕㌬, (train) kyakusha ᐂ㌬ passion n jønetsu ᝗⇍, gekijø ⃥ ᝗, netchü ⇍୯ passive adj judø-teki (na) ུິⓏ ࡝ , shøkyoku-teki (na) ᾐᴗⓏ ࡝



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passport n ryoken ᪉ไ, pasupø´to ࣂࢪ࣭࣎ࢹ password n pasuwådo ࣂࢪ࣭࣠ࢺ past adv (the ~) káko 㐛ཡ; (… ~



the hour) …- (fún-) sugi … ฦ 㐛ࡁ pasta n pasuta ࣂࢪࢰ paste 1. n nori ࡡࡽ࣬ࢿࣛ࣬⢮ 2. n (pate) pësuto ࣭࣋ࢪࢹ, neri-mono ⦆ࡽ∸ 3. v (~s it) norízukeshimásu ࡡࡽ௛ࡄࡊ ࡱࡌ pastime n dørákú 㐠ᴞ; goraku ፑ ᴞ, shúmi ㉻࿝ pastor n bokushi ∶ᖅ pastry n (o-)káshi ࠽ ⳣᏄ, kashipan ⳣᏄࣂࣤ, pesutorii ࣋ࢪࢹࣛ ࣭, pai kiji ࣂ࢕⏍ᆀ pat v (karuku) tatakimásu㍅ࡂ ྄ࡀࡱࡌ࣬ࡒࡒࡀࡱࡌ patch 1. v (~es it) (… ni) tsugi o atemásu …࡞ ⤽ࡁࢅᙔ࡙ࡱࡌ, tsuzurimásu ࡗࡘࡽ>⥓ࡽ@ࡱࡌ 2. n (a ~) tsugi ⤽ࡁ, patchi ࣂ ࢴࢲ path n komichi ᑚ㐠, michi 㐠 patience n gáman ᠻះ, konki ᰷ Ẵ, [BOOKISH] nintai ᚰ⪇, shinbø ㎖ᢢ; loses ~ shibiré o kirashimásu ࡊࡦࡿࢅวࡼࡊࡱࡌ patient 1. adj (puts up with it) gáman shimásu ᠻះࡊࡱࡌ; (has patience) gaman-zuyói ᠻះᙁ࠷, nintai-zuyói ᚰ⪇ᙁ࠷ 2. n (medical) kanja ᝀ⩽, (ill person) byønin ⑋ெ, byøki no hito ⑋Ẵࡡெ patriot n aikoku-sha យᅗ⩽



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patrol



patrol n patorøru ࣂࢹ࣭ࣞࣜ; junkai ᕙᅂ; patrolman n junsa ᕙᰕ patron n (customer, client) tokuisaki ᚋណ, suponså ࢪ࣎ࣤࢦ࣭; patoron ࣂࢹࣞࣤ pattern n patå´n/patán ࣂࢰ࣭ࣤ/ࣂ ࢰࣤ, moyø ᶅᵕ, (o-)tehon ࠽ ᡥᮇ, katá ᆵ, gara ᯮ pauper n seikatsuhogo-sha ⏍Ὡ ಕ㆜⩽, hinmin ㈃Ằ → beggar pause 1. n (rest) yasumí ఆࡲ; pøzu ࣭࣎ࢫ; (break in talk etc.) kire-mé วࡿ┘ 2. v hitoiki-tsukimásu ୌ᜝ࡗࡀࡱࡌ; tameraimásu ࡒࡴࡼ࠷ࡱࡌ pavement n (roadway) shadø ㌬㐠; (walkway) hodø Ṅ㐠 paw n ashi ㊂; te ᡥ pawn n 1. (something pawned) shichí ㈹ 2. (chess) pøn ࣭࣎ࣤ pay 1. n (one’s wage) kyü´ryø ⤝ ᩩ, chingin ㈜㔘 2. adj (not free) yüryø (no) ᭯ᩩࡡ 3. v ~s (out) haraimásu ᡮ࠷ࡱࡌ, dashimásu ฝࡊࡱࡌ; (taxes) osamemásu ⣙ ࡴࡱࡌ; ~ attention to … ni chü´i o haraimásu …࡞Ἰណࢅᡮ࠷ࡱࡌ, … ni nén o iremásu …࡞ᛍࢅථ ࡿࡱࡌ; ~ compliments o-seiji o iimásu ࠽ୠ㎙ࢅゕ࠷ࡱࡌ; ~ one’s share buntan shimásu ฦᢰ ࡊࡱࡌ; (profitable) wari ni aimásu ๪࡞ྙ࠷ࡱࡌ; pay raise n bësu-appu (béa) ࣭࣊ࢪ࢓ࢴࣈ ࣊࢓ payment n shiharai ᨥᡮ࠷, (of



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taxes) [BOOKISH] nøzei ⣙⛧ peace n heiwa ᖲ࿰, heion ᖲ✔, heian ᖲᏭ; ~ of mind anshin Ꮽᚨ peaceful adj (calm) odáyaka (na) ✔ࡷ࠾࡝ , nódoka (na) ࡡ࡜࠾ ࡝ peach n momo ࡵࡵ࣓࣓࣬࣬᱀ peak n itadaki 㡤, chøjø´ 㡤୕; miné ᓙ; (highpoint) chø´tén 㡤Ⅴ peanuts n píinátsu ࣅ࣭ࢻࢵ, píináttsu ࣅ࣭ࢻࢴࢵ, rakkasei ⴘⰴ⏍, pear n nashí ࡝ࡊ࣬ࢻࢨ࣬ᲅ pearl n shinju ┷⌌, påru ࣂ࣭ࣜ; pearl diver n (woman) áma ᾇዥ Pearl Harbor n Shinjú-wan ┷⌌‬ pebble n koishi ᑚ▴; jari ▹ฺ peck (at) v (… o) tsu(t)tsukimásu …ࢅ ࡗࡖ ࡗࡀࡱࡌ peculiar adj okashíi ࠽࠾ࡊ࠷࣬ྊ ➏ࡊ࠷, okashina ࠽࠾ࡊ࡝࣬ྊ➏ ࡊ࡝, kímyø (na) ዃዼ࡝ , hén (na) ን࡝ → particular pedal n 1. pédaru ࣋ࢱࣜ 2. gas pedal n ákuseru ࢓ࢠࢬࣜ pedestrian crossing n ødan hodø ᶋ᩷Ṅ㐠 pediatrician n shøniká-i ᑚඡ⛁༈ peek v (… o) nozokimásu …ࢅ ࡡࡑࡀ>ぢࡀ@ࡱࡌ peel 1. n (rind) kawá ⓮ 2. v ~s it …no kawá o mukimásu …ࡡ⓮ ࢅࡳࡀࡱࡌ; ~s it off hagimásu ࡢࡁ>๡ࡁ@ࡱࡌ; it ~s off hagemásu ࡢࡅ>๡ࡅ@ࡱࡌ peep (at/into) → peek peg n kugi ࡂࡁ࣬㔝



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permanent



pen n pén ࣋ࣤ; (ballpoint) børupen ࣭࣍ࣜ࣋ࣤ; (fountain) mannén-hitsu ୒ᖳ➱ penalty n 1. (fine) bakkin ⨡㔘 2. batsu ⨡; penarutii ࣋ࢻࣜࢷ࢔ pence n pensu ࣋ࣤࢪ pencil n enpitsu 㕼➱ penetrate v 1. tørimásu ㏳ࡽ>㏩ࡽ@ ࡱࡌ, tøshimásu ㏳ࡊ>㏩ࡊ@ࡱࡌ 2. (soaks in, permeates) shimimásu ᯹ࡲࡱࡌ 3. minukimásu ずᢜࡀࡱࡌ penguin n pengin ࣋ࣤ࢟ࣤ peninsula n hantø ༖ᓞ penis n pénisu ࣋ࢼࢪ, dankon ⏠᰷ pension n 1. nenkin ᖳ㔘, taishoku-nénkin ㏝⫃ᖳ㔘 2. (bed & breakfast) penshon ࣋ࣤࢨࣘࣤ people n hito ெ, … hitó…ெ; hitó-tachi ெ㐡࣬ெࡒࡔ; hitóbitto ெࠍ; [COUNTED] …-nin …ெ, [BOOKISH] …-mei …ྞ pep n génki ඔẴ pepper n (black) koshø´ ࡆࡊࡺ࠹࣬ ࢤࢨࣘࢗ࣬⬄᳙ perceive v 1. kizukimasu Ẵ௛ࡀࡱ ࡌ࣬Ẵࡘࡀࡱࡌ 2. …o rikai shimásu 㹳ࢅ⌦ゆࡊࡱࡌ percent n (…-) påsénto … ࣂ࣭ ࢬࣤࢹ; ten ~ ichí-wari ୌ๪, one ~ ichí-bu ୌฦ perfect 1. adj kanzen (na) Ᏸධ࡝ , kanpeki (na) Ᏸ⎅࡝ , påfekuto (no/na) ࣂ࣭ࣆ࢘ࢠࢹࡡ࡝ 2. v ~s it kansei sasemásu Ᏸᠺࡈ ࡎࡱࡌ; perfect circle, perfectly round



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manmaru (no) ┷ࢆ୷࣬ࡱࢆࡱ ࡾࡡ perfectly adv kanzen ni Ᏸධ࡞, kanpeki (ni) Ᏸ⎅࡞ , pittári ࡧ ࡖࡒࡽ, pittáshi ࡧࡖࡒࡊ perform v okonaimásu ⾔࠷ࡱࡌ; (act) enjimásu ⁿࡋࡱࡌ; (music, etc.) ensø shimásu ⁿ዇ࡊࡱࡌ; ~ an operation shújutsu shimásu ᡥ⾙ࡊࡱࡌ performance n 1. (of a task, duty) jikkø ᐁ⾔ 2. (daytime/evening ~) (hirú/yóru no) bú ᫠እࡡ 㒂 3. (artistic) éngi ⁿᢇ, pafømansu ࣂࣆ࢚࣭࣏ࣤࢪ; (musical instrument) ensø ⁿ዇ → show perfume n køsui 㤮Ề perfunctory adj ii-kagen (na) ࠷࠷ ຊ΅࡝ perhaps adv … ká mo shiremasén …࠾ࡵ▩ࡿࡱࡎࢆ, … ká mo wakarimasén… ࠾ࡵฦ࠾ࡽࡱࡎ ࢆ, moshi-kasuru to ࡵࡊ࠾ࡌࡾ ࡛, tábun … (deshø) ኣฦ…(࡚ ࡊࡺ࠹ , [BOOKISH] osoraku … (deshø) ᜅࡼࡂ࣬࠽ࡐࡼࡂ … (࡚ࡊࡺ࠹ peril n kiken ༱㝜, [BOOKISH] kiki, ༱ᶭ period n (of time) kikan ᭿㛣, (limit) kígen ᭿㝀; (era) jidai ᫤௥, …-jídai …᫤௥; (punctuation) shüshí-fü ⤂Ḿ➚ perish v horobimásu ⁓ࡦࡱࡌ permanent adj eien (no) Ễ㐪ࡡ ; funen (no) ୘ንࡡ ; kawaranai ንࢂࡼ࡝࠷; permanent residence n



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permission



eijü Ễప, honseki ᮇ⡘; permanent visa n eijü biza Ễపࣄࢧ permission n kyóka スྊ, ninka ヾ ྊ; menkyo ඞス, ráisensu ࣚ࢕ ࢬࣤࢪ; without ~ mudan de ↋᩷ ࡚, kotowárí mo náku ᩷ࡽࡵ࡝ࡂ permissive adj amai ⏉࠷ permit n kyoka(-shø) スྊチ , ráisensu ࣚ࢕ࢬࣤࢪ → allow → permission → license perpendicular adj suichoku (no) ᆱ├ࡡ perpetrate v (tsumi o) okashimásu ⨝ࢅ ≚ࡊࡱࡌ perplexed; gets ~ komarimásu ᅏࡽ ࡱࡌ; mayoimásu ㏖࠷ࡱࡌ persecute n hakugai shimásu ㏍ ᐐࡊࡱࡌ perseverance n gáman ᠻះ persist v koshitsu shimásu ᅖᇮࡊ ࡱࡌ, jizoku shimásu ᣚ⤾ࡊࡱࡌ persimmon n (fruit) kaki ᰘ࣬࢜࢞ person n hito ெ, … hitó …ெ; (honored) …katá …᪁; … monó …⩽, …yátsu …ࡷࡗ࣬ዦ; ko ಴, te ᡥ; …-jin …ெ, …-nin …ெ; …-sha …⩽; hitóri ୌெ; (being) sonzai Ꮛᅹ → people personal adj kojin-teki (na) ಴ெⓏ ࡝ ; kojin-yø (no) ಴ெ⏕ࡡ ,



ence n taiken మ㥺, kojin-teki na keiken ಴ெⓏ࡝⤊㥺; personal history n rireki ᒓṌ; (resume) rireki-sho ᒓṌ᭡ personality n kosei ಴ᛮ, påsonaritii ࣂ࣭ࢮࢻࣛࢷ࢔ personnel n ~ department jinji-ka ெ஥ㄚ; ~ cost jinken-hi ெ௲㈕ person-to-person adj man tsü man ࣏ࣤࢵ࣭࣏ࣤ, ittaiichi ୌᑊୌ; person-to-person call n shimei-tsü´wa ᣞྞ㏳ヨ perspire → sweat persuade v settoku shimásu ㄕᚋ ࡊࡱࡌ; (… ni sore o) nattoku sasemásu…࡞ࡐࡿࢅ ⣙ᚋࡈ ࡎࡱࡌ persuasion n settoku ㄕᚋ pertain v ~ to … ni kan-shimásu …࡞㛭ࡊࡱࡌ pessimistic adj hikan-teki (na) ᝊ びⓏ࡝ pet 1. n pétto ࣋ࢴࢹ 2. v (pats, strokes) nademásu ࡝࡚>᧑࡚@ ࡱࡌ petrol n gasorin ࢝ࢮࣛࣤ petroleum n sekiyu ▴ἔ petty adj sásai (na) ࡈࡈ࠷>ற⣵@ ࡝, sasáyaka (na) ࡈࡈࡷ࠾࡝ ; ~ cash koguchi-genkin ᑚཾ⌟㔘 pharmacy n yakkyoku ⷾᑻ pheasant n kiji ࡀࡋ࣬࢞ࢩ࣬㞙 phenomenon n genshø ⌟㇗ Philippines n Fírípin ࣆ࢔ࣛࣅࣤ philosopher n tetsugákú-sha ူᏕ⩽ phone n denwa 㞹ヨ; (cell-phone, mobile-phone) keitai dénwa ᦘ



(for one’s own use) jibun-yø (no) ⮤ฦ⏕ࡡ ; shiteki (na) ⚶Ⓩ࡝ ; personal appearance n (mi-)narí ㌗ ࡝ࡽ; kíryø ჹ㔖; personal business n shiyø ⚶⏕, shiji ⚶஥; personal computer n paso-kon ࣂࢮ ࢤࣤ, pii shii PC; personal experi524



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pin



ᖈ㞹ヨ → telephone; phone number n denwa bangø 㞹ヨ␊ྒ phony adj nise (no) ࡞ࡎ࣬അࡡ photo, photograph 1. n shashin ෕┷; ~ of a wanted criminal tehaisháshin ᡥ㒼෕┷ 2. v (takes a ~ of) … no shashin o torimásu …ࡡ෕ ┷ࢅ᧔ࡽࡱࡌ phrase n mónku ᩝྀ, kú ྀ, furëzu ࣆ࣭ࣝࢫ physical adj karada (no) మࡡ , shíntai (no) ㌗మࡡ ; physical assault n bøkø-jiken ᬸ⾔஥௲ physician n isha ༈⩽, o-isha(-san) ࠽༈⩽ࡈࢆ physics n butsuri-gaku ∸⌦Ꮥ pianist n (professional) pianisuto ࣅ࢓ࢼࢪࢹ piano n piano ࣅ࢓ࢿ; plays the ~ piano o hikimásu ࣅ࢓ࢿࢅᙆࡀ ࡱࡌ pick v 1. → choose 2. (plucks) tsumimásu ᦤࡲࡱࡌ; ~s it up … o hiroimásu …ࢅᣘ࠷ࡱࡌ; ~s one up (by car, etc.) mukae ni ikimásu ㎼࠻࡞⾔ࡀࡱࡌ; tsumamimásu ࡗࡱࡲࡱࡌ pickle n tsukemono ₍∸࣬ࡗࡄ ࡵࡡ; o-shinko ࠽ࡊࢆࡆ࣬࠽᩺ 㤮; (Chinese) zåsai ࢧ࣭ࢦ࢕; pickled ginger n gári ࢝ࣛ, amazu shø´ga ⏉㓉ࡊࡺ࠹࠿>⏍ጢ࣬ࢨ ࣘࢗ࢝@ pickpocket n súri ࡌࡽ picnic n ensoku 㐪㊂, píkuníkku ࣅࢠࢼࢴࢠ picture n é ⤦; (photo) shashin ෕



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┷; (diagram, drawing) zu ᅒ; (films) eizø ᫆ാ; ~ postcard e-hágaki ⤦ⴝ᭡; takes a ~ shashin o torimásu ෕┷ࢅ᧔ࡽࡱࡌ; utsushimásu ᫆ࡊࡱࡌ pie n pái ࣂ࢕ piece n (one) ~ (ík)-ko ୌ ಴, (hitó)-tsu ୌ ࡗ; (a cut) (hitó-) kire ୌ ว; in pieces adv barabara (ni) ࡣࡼࡣࡼ࡞ , mechamecha ࡴࡔࡶࡴࡔࡶ࣒࣬ࢲ࣒ࣔ ࢲࣔ; into pieces adv barabara ni narimásu ࡣࡼࡣࡼ࡞࡝ࡽࡱࡌ pier n sanbashi ᱖ᶣ, hato-ba ἴ Ḿሔ pierce v tøshimásu ㏳ࡊࡱࡌ pig n buta ㇔࣬ࣇࢰ pile n 1. (stake) kúi ࡂ࠷࣬᮲ 2. (heap) (hitó)-yama ୌ ᒜ pile v 1. ~s them up kasanemásu 㔔ࡠࡱࡌ; they ~ up kasanarimásu 㔔࡝ࡽࡱࡌ 2. ~s it up tsumimásu ✒ࡲࡱࡌ, morimásu ┊ ࡽࡱࡌ piles → hemorrhoids pill n (medicine) (o-)kusúri ࠽ ⷾ, (specifically) gan’yaku ୷ⷾ;



(contraceptive) keikø-hinin-yaku ⤊ཾ㑂ዲⷾ, piru ࣅࣜ pillar n hashira ᰍ pillow n mákura ࡱࡂࡼ࣬ᯎ pilot n pairótto ࣂ࢕ࣞࢴࢹ; (plane captain) kichø´ ᶭ㛏 pimple n níkibi ࡞ࡀࡦ, dekímónó ࡚ࡀࡵࡡ࣬ฝᮮ∸, o-déki ࠽࡚ࡀ pin n (for hair) (hea-)pín ࣉ࢓ ࣅࣤ, pin-dome ࣅࣤ⏻ࡴ; (for



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pincers



sewing) hári 㔢; mushi-pin ⹰ࣅ ࣤ; pin money n kózukai ᑚ㐭࠷ pincers n yattoko ࡷࡖ࡛ࡆ pinch 1. n pínchi ࣅࣤࢲ, kiki ༱ᶭ 2. v tsunerimásu ࡗࡠࡽࡱࡌ, tsumamimásu ࡗࡱࡲࡱࡌ pine n (tree) mátsu (no kí) ᮿࡡᮄ pink n (adj) momo-iro (no) ᱀Ⰵ ࡡ , pínku (no) ࣅࣤࢠࡡ pinpoint v seikaku ni shimeshimásu ḿ☔࡞♟ࡊࡱࡌ pioneer n paionia ࣂ࢕࢛ࢼ࢓, kaitaku-sha 㛜ᢽ⩽, senku-sha ඙㥉⩽ pipe n páipu ࣂ࢕ࣈ; (tube) tsutsu ➼, kúda ⟮ pipeline n páipu rain ࣂ࢕ࣈࣚ࢕ࣤ; rüto ࣭ࣜࢹ, yusøkanro ㍲㏞⟮㊨ pirate n kaizoku ᾇ㈣; pirate ship n kaizoku-sen ᾇ㈣⯢ piss n shøbén ᑚ౼ → urine; urinate pistol n pisutoru ࣅࢪࢹࣜ, kenjü ᣑ㖘 pitch n (baseball) tøkyü ᢖ⌣, (cricket) pitchi ࣅࢴࢲ pitcher n tøshu ᢖᡥ; pitchå ࣅࢴ ࢲ࣭ࣔ; water ~ mizu-sáshi Ềᕣ ࡊ; saké ~ (decanter) tokkuri ࡛ ࡖࡂࡽ࣬ࢹࢴࢠࣛ࣬ᚠฺ pith n shín ⰲ pitiful, pitiable adj kawai-sø´ (na) ࠾ࢂ࠷ࡐ࠹࣬ྊဖ᝷࡝ , (o-)ki no dókú (na) ࠽ ẴࡡẐ࡝ pittance n shøryø ᑛ㔖 pity 1. v (pities) døjø shimásu ྜྷ ᝗ࡊࡱࡌ 2. n (it is a ~) zannen (na) ... ṟᛍ࡝ ..., kinodoku Ẵ



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ࡡẐ, døjø ྜྷ᝗ pizza n píza ࣅࢧ place 1. n tokoró ᡜ, basho ሔ ᡜ; (assigned seat) (o-)séki ࠽ ᖆ; (for something) ba ሔ, …-ba …ሔ; (to put something) oki-ba ⨠ࡀሔ 2. v → put; takes place → happen; takes the place of v … ni kawarimásu …࡞௥ࢂࡽࡱࡌ; place of employment n tsutome saki ໂࡴ඙; [BOOKISH] kinmu saki ໂ ຸ඙, shoku-ba ⫃ሔ; place of residence n kyojü-chi ᑽపᆀ plain 1. adj (not gaudy) jimí (na) ᆀ࿝࡝ , (simple, frugal) shísso (na) ㈹⣪࡝ 2. n (flat land) heiya ᖲ㔕, heichi ᖲᆀ plan 1. n keikaku ゛⏤; kikaku ௺⏤; puran ࣈࣚࣤ; (schedule) yotei ஢ᏽ; (scheme) takurami ࡒ ࡂࡼࡲ࣬௺ࡲ; kuwadate ௺࡙; (intention) tsumori ࡗࡵࡽ, íto ណᅒ 2. v keikaku shimásu ゛⏤ ࡊࡱࡌ; kikaku shimásu ௺⏤ࡊࡱ ࡌ; kuwadatemásu ௺࡙ࡱࡌ; (schedule) yotei shimásu ஢ᏽࡊ ࡱࡌ; (devises) takuramimásu ࡒ ࡂࡼࡲ>௺ࡲ@ࡱࡌ plane n hikø-ki 㣍⾔ᶭ planet n wakusei ᝠ᫅ plank n íta ᯀ plant 1. n (a plant) shokúbutsu ᳔ ∸; (garden/potted) ueki ᳔ᮄ 2. n (factory) køjø ᕝሔ 3. v (~s it) uemásu ᳔࠻ࡱࡌ plaster n sekkø ▴ࡆ࠹>⭧@ plastic n purásuchíkku ࣈࣚࢪࢲ



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pocket money



ࢴࢠ; (polyethylene) pori(-) ࣎ࣛ; ~ bag poribúkuro ࣎ࣛ⾼, biniirubúkuro ࣄࢼ࣭ࣜ⾼ plate n (o-)sara ࠽ ⓸; shokki 㣏 ჹ, purëto ࣈ࣭ࣝࢹ platform n 1. (at station) hø´mu ࣭࣑࣌, nori-ba ஋ࡽሔ; ~ (nonpassenger entry) ticket nyüjø´ken ථሔไ 2. (lecture ~) endan ⁿቨ, kødan ㅦቨ play v asobimásu 㐗ࡦࡱࡌ; (a game) shimásu ࡊࡱࡌ; (a stringed



instrument or piano) hikimásu ᙆࡀࡱࡌ; (musical instrument) ensø shimásu ⁿ዇ࡊࡱࡌ; ~ it safe daijío torimásu ኬ஥ࢅ࡛ࡽ ࡱࡌ play n (drama) shibai Ⱒᑽ, engeki ⁿ๸ player n (sports) sénshu 㐽ᡥ, (instrument) purëyå ࣈ࣭࣭ࣝࣕ; CD player n shiidii purëyå &'ࣈࣝ ࣭࣭ࣕ playground n undø-jø 㐘ິሔ plaza n híró-bá ᗀሔ; puraza ࣈࣚࢧ pleasant adj tanoshíi ᴞࡊ࠷; omoshirói ࠽ࡵࡊࢀ࠷࣬㟻Ⓣ࠷; ureshíi ࠹ࡿࡊ࠷࣬Ꭺࡊ࠷; kaiteki (na) ᛄ㐲࡝ Please … interj Dø´zo … ࡜࠹ࡑ …; ~ do me a favor. O-negai shimásu. ࠽㢢࠷ࡊࡱࡌ.; …(shi) te kudasái …ࡊ ࡙ୖࡈ࠷ pleasure n (o-)tanoshimi ࠽ ᴞ ࡊࡲ pleat n ori-mé ᢙࡽ┘; puriitsu ࣈ࣭ࣛࢵ



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pledge 1. n chikai ㄃࠷ 2. v (swears it) chikaimásu ㄃࠷ࡱࡌ → promise plentiful adj yútaka (na) ㇇࠾࡝ plenty n takusán ࡒࡂࡈࢆ࣬Ἁᒜ pliers n (pincers) pénchi ࣋ࣤࢲ, yattoko ࡷࡖ࡛ࡆ࣬㗉 plight n hamé ࡢࡴ࣬⩒┘ plot n (story line) súji ➵; (scheme, trick) keiryaku ゛␆, hakarigoto ࡢ࠾ࡽࡇ࡛࣬ㅓ, inbø 㝔ㅓ plow 1. n (a tool) suki ࡌࡀ࣬㗗 2. v (~s it) tagayashimásu ⪌ࡊࡱ ࡌ, sukimásu ࡌࡀ>㗗ࡀ@ࡱࡌ pluck v tsumimásu ᦤࡲࡱࡌ plug n sén ᰞ; (electricity) puragu ࣈࣚࢡ, sashikomi ᕣࡊ㎰ࡲ, kónsénto ࢤࣤࢬࣤࢹ plum n 1. sumomo ࡌࡵࡵ࣬ࢪ࣓࣓ ࣬ᮜ 2. (Japanese apricot) ume ᱭ࣒࣬ࢗ plumber n suidø-ya (san) Ề㐠ᒁ ࡈࢆ ; (city water department) suidø-kyoku Ề㐠ᑻ plump adj futói ኯ࠷ plunder v ubaimásu ዞ࠷ࡱࡌ, ryakudatsu shimásu ␆ዞࡊࡱࡌ plural n fukusü 々ᩐ plus n purasu ࣈࣚࢪ p.m. adv (afternoon) gógo ༔ᚃ pneumonia n haien ⫭ⅎ poacher n (person) [BOOKISH] mitsuryø-sha ᐠ⊗⩽ pocket n pokétto ࣎ࢢࢴࢹ; kaichü (no) ᠔୯ࡡ pocket money n kózukai ᑚ㐭࠷࣬ ࡆࡘ࠾࠷, (o-)kózukai ࠽ ᑚ㐭࠷



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pockmarked face



pockmarked face n abata-zura ࠵ࡣ ࡒ㟻 pod n sáya ࡈࡷ࣬ࢦࣕ podium n endan ⁿቨ, shiki dai ᣞᥱྋ poem n shi モ, utá ḯ → verse poet n shijin モெ, kajin ḯெ point n ten Ⅴ, (score) tokuten ᚋ Ⅴ; (in a statement) fushí ⟿; (gist) yøten こⅤ; (tip, end) saki ඙ to the ~ tekisetsu (na/ni) 㐲 ว࡝࡞ point v (puts a ~ on) togarasemásu ࡛࠿ࡼࡎ>ᑞࡼࡎ@ࡱࡌ; ~ at/to … o sashimásu …ࢅᣞࡊࡱ ࡌ; ~ out shiteki shimásu ᣞᦤࡊ ࡱࡌ; shíji shimásu ᣞ♟ࡊࡱࡌ poison n dokú Ẑ, doku-so Ẑ⣪ poke v tsukimásu ✲ࡀࡱࡌ; ~s fun at karakaimásu ࠾ࡼ࠾࠷ࡱࡌ pole n (rod) bø Ფ, saó ࡈ࠽࣬➆, pøru ࣭࣎ࣜ; telephone/light ~ denchü 㞹ᰍ police n keisatsu ㆑ᐳ; ~ box køban ஹ␊; ~ station keisatsusho ㆑ᐳ⨣; policeman, police officer n omáwari-san ࠽ᕙࡽ>࠽ࡱࢂ ࡽ@ࡈࢆ, keikan ㆑ᏻ, [BOOKISH] junsa ᕙᰕ policy n høshin ᪁㔢, tatémae ᘋ࡙๑, porishii ࣎ࣛࢨ࣭, (political) seisaku ᨳ➿; makes … one’s ~ … o tatémae to shimásu …ࢅᘋ࡙๑࡛ࡊࡱࡌ polio n shøni-máhi ᑚඡ㯖⑯ polish v (shines) migakimásu ☳ࡀ ࡱࡌ; (grinds) togimásu ◂ࡁࡱࡌ



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polite adj (go-)téinei téinei (na) ࡇ ୍ᐺ࡝ , (well-behaved) otonashíi ࠽࡛࡝ࡊ࠷࣬ኬெࡊ࠷, reigi-tadashíi ♡ൢḿࡊ࠷ politician n seiji-ka ᨳ἖ᐓ pollution n osen ỗ᯹kø´gai පᐐ; environmental pollution n kankyø-osen ⎌ሾỗ᯹ pomelo n (Japanese) natsu-míkan ኚࡲ࠾ࢆ࣬ኚ⻜᯷࣬ࢻࢵ࣐࢜ࣤ pond n iké ờ pony n ponii ࣎ࢼ࣭ pool; ~ pool (parking (lot)) møtå pü´ru ࣓࣭ࢰ࣭ࣈ࣭ࣜ, chüshajø 㥌㌬ሔ; swimming ~ pü´ru ࣈ࣭ࣜ poor adj (needy) bínbø (na) ㈃இ ࡝ , mazushíi ㈃ࡊ࠷; (clumsy) hetá (na) ࡫ࡒ>ୖᡥ@࡝ ; (bad) warúi ᝇ࠷; (pitiful) kawaisø (na) ࠾ࢂ࠷ࡐ࠹>ྊဖ┞@࡝ pop 1. n (soda water) søda ࢮ࣭ ࢱ, jüsu ࢩ࣭ࣖࢪ 2. v (it ~s) hajikemásu ࡢࡋࡄࡱࡌ 3. v (~s it) hajikesasemásu ࡢࡋࡄࡈࡎࡱࡌ popular adj 1. ninki (no aru) ெẴ ࡡ࠵ࡾ ; taishü (no) ኬ⾏ࡡ ; zoku (na) ಐ࡝ ; hayari (no) ࡢ ࡷࡽ࣬Ὦ⾔ࡽࡡ 2. is ~ ninki ga arimásu ெẴ࠿࠵ࡽࡱࡌ; hayatteimásu ࡢࡷ>Ὦ⾔@ࡖ࡙࠷ࡱ ࡌ; ureteimásu ኉ࡿ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ; (a



person is well liked) motemásu ࡵ࡙ࡱࡌ population n jinkø ெཾ; nínzu ெ ᩐ, nínzü ெᩐ porcelain n setomono ℡ᡖ∸, jíki



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pouch



☚ჹ → china(ware) porch n 1. (entrance hall) génkan ⋖㛭, pøchi ࣭࣎ࢲ, beranda ࣊ࣚ ࣤࢱ 2. (veranda) engawa ⦍ഁ pork n buta-niku ㇔⫏, pøku ࣭࣎ ࢠ; pork dumpling n shümai ࢨ࣭ࣖ ࣏࢕࣬↕኉ pornography n póruno ࣎ࣜࢿ, ero-hon ࢙ࣞᮇ; (traditional) shunga ᫋⏤ porridge n (o-)kayu ࠽ ࠾ࡹ>⢓@ port n minato ῿ porter n pø´tå ࣭࣎ࢰ࣭; (redcap) akabø ㉝ᖐ portion n búbun 㒂ฦ, bún ฦ, ichí-bu ୌ㒂, wari-mae ๪ࡽ๑; (serving) …-ninmae …ெ๑ portrait n shøzø(-ga) ⫔ാ⏤ , zø ാ position n 1. íchi న⨠, pojishon ࣎ࢩࢨࣘࣤ 2. (status, rank) chíi ᆀన 3. → place → job positive adj 1. sekkyoku-teki (na) ✒ᴗⓏ࡝ , pojitibu ࣎ࢩࢷ࢔ࣇ 2. → sure; positive thinking n maemuki (na) shikø ๑ྡྷࡀ࡝ ᛦ⩻ possess v 1. → have → own 2. sonaemásu ങ࠻ࡱࡌ possession n (thing owned) shoyübutsu ᡜ᭯∸, shoyü-hin ᡜ᭯ဗ possible adj kanø (na) ྊ⬗࡝ ; is ~ dekimásu ࡚ࡀ>ฝᮮ@ࡱࡌ, kanaimásu ࠾࡝࠷>ྑ࠷@ࡱࡌ possibly adv hyótto shitára/shite/ suru to ࡥࡺࡖ࡛ࡊࡒࡼࡊ࡙ࡌ ࡾ࡛; arúi-wa ࠵ࡾ࠷ࡢ࣬ᡀ࠷ࡢ post n 1. yübin 㒉౼; a ~ yübin-



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bustu 㒉౼∸; (mailbox) yübinposuto 㒉౼࣎ࢪࢹ → mail 2. (pillar) hashira ᰍ 3. (duty) yakú ᙲ, (job) shoku ⫃ postage n yübin-ryø´ kin 㒉౼ᩩ 㔘, yüsø´-ryø 㒉㏞ᩩ; ~ stamp kitte วᡥ, yübin-kítte/-gítte 㒉౼ วᡥวᡥ postcard n (o-)hágaki ࠽ ⴝ᭡; (picture) e-hágaki ⤦ⴝ᭡ poster n posutå ࣎ࢪࢰ࣭ postman n yübin-ya (san) 㒉౼ᒁ ࡈࢆ post office n yübín-kyoku 㒉౼ᑻ postpone v enki shimásu ᘇ᭿ࡊࡱ ࡌ, nobashimásu ᘇࡣࡊࡱࡌ posture n shisei ጶເ postwar adj sengo (no) ᡋᚃࡡ pot n 1. (piece of pottery) yakimono ↕ࡀ∸ 2. (for cooking) kama ࠾ࡱ࣬㔡; (pan) (o-)nabe ࠽ 㘘; (kettle) pótto ࣎ࢴࢹ 3. (for plants) hachí 㖂; potted plant hachiue 㖂᳔࠻, hachí-mono 㖂 ∸, ueki ᳔ᮄ potato n pótéto ࣎ࢷࢹ; (baked sweet potato) yaki-imo ↕ࡀⰖ࣬ ࣕ࢞࢕࣓ potential n (possibility) kanøsei ྊ⬗ᛮ, (potentiality) senzaisei ₧ᅹᛮ; potential ability n senzai nøryoku ₧ᅹ⬗ງ pottery n yaki-mono ↕ࡀ∸, tø´ki 㝙ჹ pouch n pøchi ࣭࣎ࢲ, fukuro ⾼; pouch of a kangaroo n kangarü no fukuro ࣭࢜ࣤ࢝ࣜࡡ⾼



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poultry



poultry n [BOOKISH] kakin ᐓ⚲ pound 1. n (weight or money) póndo ࣎ࣤࢺ 2. ~s it v tatakimásu ྄ࡀࡱࡌ pour v 1. tsugimásu ࡗࡁ>Ἰࡁ@ࡱ ࡌ, sosogimásu ࡐࡐࡁ>Ἰࡁ@ࡱࡌ 2. ~ on abisemásu ᾆࡦࡎࡱࡌ pout v fukuremásu ࡨࡂࡿࡱࡌ poverty n hinkon ㈃ᅏ, binbø ㈃இ powder n koná ⢂; funmatsu ⢂ᮆ; paudå ࣂࢗࢱ࣭; (face) oshiroi ࠽ࡊࢀ࠷࣬Ⓣ⢂; powder soap n kona sekken ⢂▴㮧࣬⢂ࡎࡖࡄࢆ power n chikará ງ, jituryoku ᐁງ; kenryoku ᶊງ; (person of power) kenryoku-sha ᶊງ⩽; (energy, influence) séiryoku ເ ງ; (electricity) dénki 㞹Ẵ; power line n densen 㞹⥲ powerful adj yüryoku (na) ᭯ງ ࡝ ; kyøryoku (na) ᙁງ࡝ ; pawafuru (na) ࣂ࣠ࣆࣜ࡝ practical adj jitchi (no) ᐁᆀࡡ , jissenteki (na) ᐁ㊮Ⓩ࡝ ; jitsuyøteki (na) ᐁ⏕Ⓩ࡝ ; practical use n jitsuyø ᐁ⏕ practice n 1. (drill) renshü ⦆⩞; (artistic) (o-)kéiko ࠽ ࡄ࠷ࡆ >✅ཿ@ 2. (realization) jikkø ᐁ ⾔, (reality) jissai ᐁ㝷; (habit) shükan ⩞ៈ; puts to ~ jisshi shimásu ᐁ᪃ࡊࡱࡌ praise 1. n (homage) home-kótoba ࡮ࡴ>「ࡴ@ゕⴝ, homé ࡮ࡴ࣬「 ࡴ, [BOOKISH] shøsan ⛘㈮ 2. v (lauds) homemásu ࡮ࡴ>「ࡴ@ ࡱࡌ



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prank n itazura ࠷ࡒࡍࡼ࣬ᝇᡑ prawn n kurumá-ebi ㌬࠻ࡦ>ᾇ⩹@ ࣬ࢠ࣏࢙ࣜࣄ pray v inorimásu ♫ࡽࡱࡌ preach v sekkyø shimásu ㄕᩅࡊ ࡱࡌ, (oshie o) tokimásu ᩅ࠻ ࢅ ㄕࡀࡱࡌ preacher n (priest) bokushi(-san) ∶ᖅࡈࢆ prearrange v uchi-awasemásu ᡬࡔ ྙࢂࡎࡱࡌ precaution n (care) yø´jin ⏕ᚨ, keikai ㆑ᠼ, nén ᛍ; (prevention) yobø ஢㜭; as a ~ nen no tamé (ni) ᛍࡡⅥ࡞ precedent n senrei ඙ౚ, zenrei ๑ ౚ, réi ౚ precious adj taisetsu (na) ኬว ࡝ , daijí (na) ኬ஥࡝ , kichø (na) ㈏㔔࡝ ; oshíi ᝨࡊ࠷ precipice n (cliff) zeppeki ⤧ባ; kiki ༱ᶭ precipitate v (rains, snows) furimásu 㜾ࡽࡱࡌ precise adj seimitsu (na) ⢥ᐠ࡝ predicament n kyüchi ❋ᆀ, kukyø ⱖሾ predict v yogen shimásu ஢ゕࡊ ࡱࡌ prediction n (weather, etc.) yohø ஢ሒ, yogen ஢ゕ preface n jobun ᗆᩝ, maegaki ๑᭡ࡀ prefecture n kén ┬, …-ken …┬; ~ office kenchø ┬ᖿ prefer v … no hø´ ga sukídesu …ࡡ᪁࠿ይࡀ࡚ࡌ; … no hø´ o



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preservation



konomimásu …ࡡ᪁ࢅይࡲࡱࡌ prepare v 1. … no yø´i/júnbi o preferably adv isso ࠷ࡖࡐ, múshi- shimásu …ࡡ⏕ណ‵ങࢅࡊࡱࡌ 2. (arranges) …no shitaku o ro ࡳࡊࢀ prefix n settø-go ᥃㢄ㄊ, settø-ji shimásu …ࡡࡊࡒࡂ>ᨥᗐ@ࢅࡊ ᥃㢄㎙ ࡱࡌ 3. (studies ahead) yoshü pregnancy n ninshin ዲፈ shimásu ஢⩞ࡊࡱࡌ 4. (readies prehistory n senshi jidai ඙ྍ᫤௥, it) totonoemásu ᩒ࠻ࡱࡌ 5. [BOOKISH] yüshi izen ᭯ྍ௧๑ (makes it) tsukurimásu షࡽࡱࡌ prejudice n henken ೩ず, sennyü6. (sets up, provides) møkemásu シࡄࡱࡌ kan ඙ථび, sabetsu ᕣื preliminary n yosen ஢㐽 prescribe v 1. (~s medicine) shohø prelude n (music) pureryüdo ࣈࣝ shimásu ฌ᪁ࡊࡱࡌ 2. (stipulates) ࣭ࣛࣖࢺ, zensø kyoku ๑዇᭜, kitei shimásu ぜᏽࡊࡱࡌ prescription n shohø ฌ᪁; (~ slip) jokyoku ᗆ᭜ premature adj hayasugiru ᪡㐛ࡁ shohø-sen ฌ᪁ࡎࢆ>⟚@ ࡾ, [BOOKISH] jiki shøsø (no) ᫤ present 1. adj (the ~ time) génzai ᭿ᑠ᪡ࡡ ; premature baby n søzan- (no) ⌟ᅹࡡ ; íma (no) ௑ࡡ ; ji ᪡⏐ඡ, mijuku-ji ᮅ⇅ඡ kóndo (no) ௑ᗐࡡ 2. adj (in premeditated adj (not accidental, attendance) shusseki (no) ฝᖆ preplanned) keikakuteki (ni) ゛ ࡡ 3. n génzai ⌟ᅹ; íma ௑; ⏤Ⓩ࡞ ; (intentionally) koi (ni) hon- …ᮇ…, kon-… ௑…; at ~ ᨶណ࡞ íma wa ௑ࡢ, génzai wa ⌟ᅹࡢ; premiere n puremia ࣈ࣐ࣝ࢓, up to the ~ imamáde ௑ࡱ࡚, (film) hatsu køkai ิප㛜 koremáde ࡆࡿࡱ࡚; the ~ premise n zentei ๑ᥞ, katei ௫ᏽ conditions/state genjø ⌟≟ premium n puremiamu ࣈ࣐ࣝ࢓ present n (gift) okuri-mono ㉏ࡽ∸, ࣑, (bonus) [BOOKISH] høshøkin purézento ࣈࣝࢭࣤࢹ; o-rei ሒዜ㔘; shøhin ㈱ဗ; omake ࠽ ࠽♡; kokorozashi ᚷ; (as a souࡱࡄ, keihin ᬊဗ venir) (o-)miyage࠽ ࡲࡷࡅ premonition n yokan ஢វ >ᅰ⏐@ preparation(s) n yø´i ⏕ណ, júnbi present v (gives) agemásu ࠵ࡅࡱ ‵ങ; shitaku ࡊࡒࡂ࣬ᨥᗐ; ࡌ, sashi-agemásu ᕣࡊ୕ࡅࡱࡌ; (anticipatory steps) yóbi ஢ okurimásu ㉏ࡽࡱࡌ ങ; (advance study) yoshü ஢⩞; preservation n [BOOKISH] hozon ಕᏋ; hogo ಕ㆜; preservation of (provisions) sonáé ങ࠻ prep(aratory) school n yobi-kø environment n kankyø hogo ⎌ሾ ஢ങᰧ ಕ㆜, kankyø hozen ⎌ሾಕධ; 531



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preservative



wildlife preservation n yasei seibutsu no hogo 㔕⏍⏍∸ࡡಕ㆜ preservative n bøfu-zai 㜭⭁๠; hozon-ryø ಕᏋᩩ preserve v tamochimásu ಕࡔࡱࡌ, hozon shimásu ಕᏋࡊࡱࡌ; mamorimásu Ꮼࡽࡱࡌ president n (of a nation) daitø´ryø ኬ⤣㡷; (of a company) shachø ♣㛏; (of a university, college, etc.) gakuchø Ꮥ㛏; (of a school) køchø ᰧ㛏 press 1. v ~ (on) oshimásu ᢪࡊࡱ ࡌ; (~ ... (up)on ...) oshitsukémásu ᢪࡊ௛ࡄࡱࡌ 2. v (iron) airon o atemásu ࢓࢕ࣞࣤࢅ࠵࡙ࡱࡌ; (hug) daki-shimemásu ᢢࡀࡊࡴ ࡱࡌ 3. n (printing ~) insatsu-ki ༰ใᶭ; (publishing) shuppan-kai ฝ∟⏲ pressure n atsuryoku ᅸງ; appaku ᅸ㏍; puresshå ࣈࣝࢴࢨ࣭ࣔ prestige n méiyo ྞ・; meiyo ྞ・ presumably adv dømo… rashii ࡜ ࠹ࡵ…ࡼࡊ࠷; tabun … da to omou ࡒࡩࢆ … ࡓ࡛ᛦ࠹ presume v suitei/yosø shimásu ᥆ ᏽ஢᝷ࡊࡱࡌ → think presumption n suitei ᥆ᏽ, yosø ஢ ᝷; katei ௫ᏽ pretend v … (no) furí o shimásu …ࡡ ࡨࡽࢅࡊࡱࡌ pretense n furí ࡨࡽ; misekake ず ࡎ࠾ࡄ pretext n køjitsu ཾᐁ; iiwake ゕ ࠷ズ pretty 1. adj kírei (na) ࡀࡿ࠷



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>⥙㮿@࡝ , kawaii ࠾ࢂ࠷࠷ → fairly, rather 2. adv (very) kanari ࠾࡝ࡽ, [BOOKISH] hijø ni 㟸ᖏ࡞ prevalence n fukyü ᬉཀྵ; prevalence of diseases n byøki no ryükø ⑋Ẵ ࡡὮ⾔; prevalence of the Internet n intånetto no fukyü ࢕ࣤࢰ࣭ࢾ ࢴࢹࡡᬉཀྵ prevent v 1. (hinders) (… no) jama o shimásu …ࡡ ࡋࡶࡱ>㑟㨩@ ࢅࡊࡱࡌ; (thwarts) habamimásu 㜴ࡲࡱࡌ 2. (blocks) fusegimásu 㜭ࡁࡱࡌ, (wards off) yobø shimásu ஢㜭ࡊࡱࡌ prevention n yobø ஢㜭, bøshi 㜭Ḿ preview n 1. shitami ୖず 2. shisha ム෕; preview room n shisha-shitsu ム෕ᐄ previous adj máe no ๑ࡡ; previous appointment/engagement sen’yaku ඙⣑; previous story n (TV, etc.) zenkai no (o-)hanashi ๑ᅂࡡ ࠽ ヨ࣬ࡢ࡝ࡊ previously adv izen ni ௧๑࡞, maemotte ๑ࡵࡖ࡙ prewar adj senzen (no) ᡋ๑ࡡ prey n (sacrifice) gisei ≓∽ price n (o-)nédan ࠽ ೋṹ, kakaku ౮᰹, ne ೋ; (the set/regular/ net price) teika ᏽ౮; price index n bukka-shisü ∸౮ᣞᩐ; price tag n shø-fuda ḿᮈ, ne fuda ೋᮈ pride n hokori ヺࡽ; puraido ࣈࣚ ࢕ࢺ, (boast) jiman ⮤ះ; (strong point) tokui ᚋណ priest n (Christian) shínpu(-san) ♼∏ࡈࢆ , bokushi ∶ᖅ;



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procedure



(Buddhist) sø´(ryo) ൒౵; (Shinto) kánnushi ♼୹ prim adj kichintoshita ࡀࡔࢆ࡛ࡊ ࡒ, totonotta ᩒࡖࡒ primarily adv gánrai ඔᮮ, zéntai



~ yüsen-jun(’i) ඁ඙㡨న prism n purizumu ࣈࣛࢫ࣑ prison n keimusho ฬຸᡜ, [BOOKISH] kangoku ┐⊱ → jail privacy n puraibashii ࣈࣚ࢕ࣁࢨ ධమ ࣭; shiseikatsu ⚶⏍Ὡ primary adj daiichi (no) ➠ୌࡡ ; private adj (use) jibun-yø (no) ⮤ ฦ⏕ࡡ , shiyø (no) ⚶⏕ࡡ ; shokyü (no) ิ⣥ࡡ prime minister n søri-dáijin ⥪⌦ኬ (undisturbed) jama sarenai ࡋࡶ ⮟, shushø 㤫┞ ࡱ>㑟㨩@ࡈࡿ࡝࠷; (confidential) prince n miya(-sama) ᐋᵕ , naishó (no) හ⥬ࡡ , (secret) øji(-sama) ⋜Ꮔᵕ , purinsu himitsu (no) ⛆ᐠࡡ , puraibëto ࣈࣛࣤࢪ; Crown ~ køtaishi(ࣈࣚ࢕࣭࣊ࢹ; (privately estabsama) ⓒኯᏄᵕ lished) watakushí-ritsu/shiritsu princess n (o)híme(-sama) ࠽ (no) ⚶❟ࡡ , shisetsu (no) ⚶シ ጭᵕ ; øjo(-sama) ⋜ዥᵕ , ࡡ ; private company n minkan purinsesu ࣈࣛࣤࢬࢪ; Crown ~ kigyø Ằ㛣௺ᴏ; private school n køtaishi-hi ⓒኯᏄደ shiritsu (gakkø) ⚶❟Ꮥᰧ, wataprincipal 1. n (head of a school) kushiritsu ⚶❟࣬ࢂࡒࡂࡊࡽࡗ; køchø ᰧ㛏; shuyaku ୹ᙲ 2. adj private talk n uchiwa no hanashí හ ㍧ࡡヨ, naisho-bánashi හ⥬ヨ (main) ómo (na) ୹࡝ principle n (policy) høshin ᪁㔢; privilege n tokken ≁ᶊ, tokuten ≁ ඼, kenri ᶊฺ (doctrine) gensoku ཋ์, shúgi ୹⩇ prize 1. n shø´㈱, …-shø …㈱, print n (woodblock) mokuhan (object) shøhin ㈱ဗ, (money) (-ga) ᮄ∟⏤ , hanga ∟⏤; shøkin ㈱㔘; grand ~ taishø ኬ㈱, guranpuri ࢡࣚࣤࣈࣛ insatsu ༰ใ print v (~s it) insatsu shimásu ༰ 2. n (reward) go-hø´bi ࡇ࡮࠹ࡦ ใࡊࡱࡌ, purinto shimásu ࣈࣛ ࣬ࡇ「⨶ ࣤࢹࡊࡱࡌ, surimásu ใࡽࡱࡌ; probably adv tábun ኣฦ࣬ࡒࡩࢆ, (in ~) katsuji ni shimásu ὩᏊ࡞ osóraku ᜅࡼࡂ࣬࠽ࡐࡼࡂ, økata ࡊࡱࡌ ࠽࠽࠾ࡒ࣬ኬ᪁, taigai ኬᴣ࣬ࡒ prior adj jizen (no) ஥๑ࡡ , saki ࠷࠿࠷ problem n mondai ၡ㢗, kadai ㄚ (no) ඙ࡡ ; prior arrangement n 㢗; difficult problem n nanmon 㞬ၡ uchi-awase ᡬࡔྙࢂࡎ priority n yüsen(-ken) ඁ඙ᶊ ; procedure n (formalities) tetsúzuki first ~ sai-yüsen ᭩ඁ඙; order of ᡥ⤾ࡀ; (program) tejun ᡥ㡨



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proceed



proceed v 1. susumimasu 㐅ࡲࡱࡌ 2. tsuzukemásu ⤾ࡄࡱࡌ proceeding n gijiroku ㆗஥㘋; sinkø 㐅⾔ process 1. n (method) yari-kata ࡷࡽ᪁, høhø ᪁Ἢ, (course, stage) katei 㐛⛤, purosesu ࣈࣞ ࢬࢪ; (development) nariyuki ᠺ ࡽ⾔ࡀ 2. v (handles) shóri shimásu ฌ⌦ࡊࡱࡌ; (industrially treats) kakø shimásu ຊᕝ ࡊࡱࡌ produce 1. v (~s it) … ga dekimásu …࠿࡚ࡀ>ฝᮮ@ࡱࡌ, … o tsukurimásu …ࢅషࡽࡱࡌ, … o seizø/ seisaku shimásu …ࢅ⿿㏸โష ࡊࡱࡌ 2. v (brings it about) … o shø-jimásu;…ࢅ⏍ࡋࡱࡌ 3. → product producer n seisan-sha ⏍⏐⩽



(movie, drama, etc.) seisaku-sha โష⩽, enshutsuka ⁿฝᐓ product n (sei)sanbutsu ⏍ ⏐∸; seihin ⿿ဗ production n (manufacture) seisan ⏍⏐, seizø ⿿㏸; (movie, drama, etc.) seisaku โష, purodakushon ࣈࣞࢱࢠࢨࣘࣤ; production company n seisaku-gaisha โషఌ♣ profession n (vocation) shokúgyø ⫃ᴏ professional n (an expert) kúrø´to ࡂࢀ࠹࡛࣬⋖ெ, púro ࣈࣞ; professional wrestling n puro-resu ࣈࣞࣝࢪ professor n kyøju ᩅ᤭ proficiency n jitsuryoku ᐁງ



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profile n purofiiru ࣈࣞࣆ࢔࣭ࣜ; (face in ~) yokogao ᶋ㢞; (side view) sokumen (zu) ഁ㟻ᅒ profit 1. n ríeki ฺ─; (o-)toku ࠽ ᚋ; (interest) rí ฺ 2. v (makes a ~) møkemásu ࡵ࠹ࡄ>ආࡄ@ࡱࡌ; profit and loss n son eki ᥾─, son toku ᥾ᚋ profitable adj yü´ri (na) ฺ᭯࡝ , toku (na) ᚋ࡝ ; umái ࠹ࡱ࠷; (pay) rieki ni naru ฺ─࡞࡝ࡾ; møkaru ආ࠾ࡾ profound adj fukai ῕࠷, [BOOKISH] shin’en (na) ῕㐪࡝ program n (TV, etc.) bangumi ␊⤄, purogúramu ࣈࣞࢡ࣑ࣚ; (plan) keikaku ゛⏤; (computer ~) purogramu ࣈࣞࢡ࣑ࣚ, sofuto(wea) ࢮࣆࢹࢗ࢘࢓ progress 1. n shinkø 㐅⾔, shínpo 㐅Ṅ, shínchoku 㐅ᤎ; keika ⤊㐛 2. v (it ~es) susumimásu 㐅ࡲࡱ ࡌ, shínpo shimásu 㐅Ṅࡊࡱࡌ prohibition n kinshi ⚏Ḿ project 1. v (a picture/movie) utsushimásu ᫆ࡊࡱࡌ; keikaku shimásu ゛⏤ࡊࡱࡌ 2. n keikaku ゛⏤, kikaku ௺⏤, purojekuto ࣈࣞࢩ࢘ࢠࢹ projection n (movie) eishá ᫆෕, tøei ᢖᙫ projector n (movie) eishá-ki ᫆෕ ᶭ, purojekutå ࣈࣞࢩ࢘ࢠࢰ࣭ prolong → lengthen prominent adj ichijirushíi ⴥࡊ࠷, medatta ┘❟ࡖࡒ࣬ࡴࡓࡖࡒ, (famous) chomei (na) ⴥྞ࡝



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protect



promise 1. n (o-)yakusoku ࠽ ⣑ᮨ, yakusoku-goto ⣑ᮨ஥; (outlook) mikomi ず㎰ࡲ 2. v ~s it yakusoku shimásu ⣑ᮨ ࡊࡱࡌ; fulfills a ~ yakusoku o hatashimásu ⣑ᮨࢅᯕࡒࡊࡱࡌ promising adj mikomi no aru ず㎰ ࡲࡡ࠵ࡾ, shøraisei no aru ᑑᮮ ᛮࡡ࠵ࡾ, kitai dekiru ᭿ᙽ࡚ࡀ ࡾ, [BOOKISH] yübø (na) ᭯᭻ ࡝ , zento yübø (na) ๑㏭᭯᭻ ࡝ ; promising future n akarui mirai ᪺ࡾ࠷ᮅᮮ; promising job n shøraisei no aru shigoto ᑑᮮᛮࡡ࠵ࡾ ௘஥ promotion n (salary rise) shøkyü ᪴⤝; (incentive) shørei ዜທ; (betterment, increase) zøshin ቌ 㐅, hanbai sokushin ㈅኉ಀ㐅 prompt adj sassokú (no) ᪡㏷ࡡ , [BOOKISH] jinsoku (na) ㎷㏷࡝ , (instant) tossa (no) ࡛ࡖࡈࡡ ; prompt reply n jinsoku na hentø ㎷ ㏷࡝㏁➽ pronunciation n hatsuon Ⓠ㡚; pronunciation symbol n hatsuon kigø Ⓠ㡚エྒ proofreader n køsei-sha ᰧḿ⩽ prop 1. n (a support) sasae ᨥ࠻ 2. n kodøgu ᑚ㐠ර 3. v ~s it (up) v sasaemásu ᨥ࠻ࡱࡌ propaganda n senden ᐃఎ, senden katsudø ᐃఎὩິ propel v susumasemásu 㐅ࡱࡎࡱ ࡌ; suishin shimásu ᥆㐅ࡊࡱࡌ propeller n puropera ࣈࣞ࣋ࣚ proper adj (appropriate) tekitø



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(na) 㐲ᙔ࡝ , tekisetsu (na) 㐲 ว࡝ , chanto shita ࡔࡶࢆ࡛ࡊ ࡒ; (expected, deserved) tøzen (no) ᙔ↓ࡡ ; (correct) tadashíi ḿࡊ࠷࣬ࡒࡓࡊ࠷ property n (fortune) zaisan ㈀⏐; shoyü(ken) ᡜ᭯ᶊ proportion n rítsu ⋙; wariai ๪ྙ; puropøshon ࣈ࣭ࣞ࣎ࢨࣘࣤ proposal n 1. møshi-komi ⏞ࡊ㎰ ࡲ, møshi-de ⏞ࡊฝ 2. (public) møshi-ire ⏞ࡊථࡿ 3. (suggestion) kikaku (an) ௺⏤᱄ , kikaku-sho ௺⏤᭡, teian-sho ᥞ᱄ ᭡; (of marriage) endan ⦍ㄧ; kyükon ị፡ propose v 1. teian shimásu ᥞ᱄ࡊ ࡱࡌ; møshi-komimásu ⏞ࡊ㎰ ࡲࡱࡌ, møshi-demásu ⏞ࡊฝࡱ ࡌ; (publicly) møshi-iremásu ⏞ ࡊථࡿࡱࡌ 2. ~ to (marriage) kyükon shimásu ị፡ࡊࡱࡌ proprietor n keiéi-sha ⤊ႜ⩽ prosecutor n kénji ᳠஥ prospect(s) n (outlook) mikomi ず ㎰ࡲ, mitøshi ず㏳ࡊ, zénto ๑㏭ prospective adj mikomi no aru ず㎰ࡲࡡ࠵ࡾ, kitai sareru ᭿ ᙽࡈࡿࡾ; prospective customer n mikomi kyaku ず㎰ࡲᐂ prosper v sakaemásu ᰜ࠻ࡱࡌ prosperity n keiki ᬊẴ; kø-kéiki ይᬊẴ prosperous adj sakan (na) ┊ࢆ࡝ prostitute n baishún-fu ኉᫋፦ protect v mamorimásu Ꮼࡽࡱࡌ; (safeguards) hógo shimásu ಕ㆜



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protection



ࡊࡱࡌ; kabaimásu ᗂ࠷ࡱࡌ࣬࠾ ࡣ࠷ࡱࡌ protection n bøei 㜭⾠, bøgyo 㜭ᚒ, purotekushon ࣈࣞࢷࢠࢨࣘࣤ protein n tanpakú-shitsu ࡒࢆࡤࡂ >⺦Ⓣ@㈹࣬ࢰࣤࣂࢠ㈹ protest n kø´gí (shimásu) ᢘ㆗ ࡊࡱࡌ protocol n purotokoru ࣈࣞࢹࢤࣜ, gaikø girei አஹൢ♡ protrude v tsuki-demásu ✲ࡀฝࡱ ࡌ, tobi-dashiamásu ㊬ࡦ>㣍ࡦ@ ฝࡊࡱࡌ proud adj 1. tokui (na) ᚋណ࡝ 2. is ~ of … o jiman shimásu … ࢅ⮤ះࡊࡱࡌ prove v shømei shimásu チ᪺ࡊ ࡱࡌ proverb n kotowaza ࡆ࡛ࢂࡉ࣬ㅏ provide v (provides one with) motasemásu ᣚࡒࡎࡱࡌ; ataemásu ୙࠻ࡱࡌ → give → prepare; ~ a treat gochisø shimásu ࡇࡔࡐ࠹ >ࡇ㤽㉦@ࡊࡱࡌ province n (of old Japan) (… no) kuni …ࡡ ᅗ; (modern prefecture) kén ┬, …-ken …┬ provision n (supply) kyøkyü ౩⤝; (allowance) téate ᡥᙔ; (stipulation) jøken ᮪௲; (preparations) sonáé ങ࠻ provoke; gets provoked, is provoking shaku ni sawarimásu ࡊࡶࡂ >Ⓕ@࡞㝸ࡽࡱࡌ prowess n (ability) udemae ⭆๑; yüki ຩẴ prudence n tsutsushimi ួࡊࡲ࣬



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ࡗࡗࡊࡲ psyche n séishin ⢥♼ psychiatrist n seishin-ka-i ⢥♼ ⛁༈ psychology n shínri ᚨ⌦; (science/ study) shinrí-gaku ᚨ⌦Ꮥ pub n (Western-style) pabu ࣂࣇ; (Asian-style) izakaya ᑽ㒿ᒁ public 1. adj køshü (no) ප⾏ࡡ ; køkai (no) ප㛜ࡡ ; køkyø (no) පභࡡ ; (open) køzen (no) ප ↓ࡡ ; (officially established) køritsu (no) ප❟ࡡ 2. n (society) yo-nó-naka ୠࡡ୯, yo ୠ, séken ୠ㛣; public hall n kaikan ఌ㤃; public holiday n shukujitsu ♻᪝, saijitsu ⚅᪝ publication n shuppan ฝ∟; (things) shuppán-butsu ฝ∟∸; (publishing) hakkø Ⓠ⾔; (books) shoseki ᭡⡘ publicity n senden ᐃఎ publish v 1. arawashimásu ⴥࡊࡱ ࡌ, shuppan shimásu ฝ∟ࡊࡱࡌ; hakkø shimásu Ⓠ⾔ࡊࡱࡌ 2.



(puts it in a newspaper) nosemásu



㍍ࡎࡱࡌ → announce publishing 1. n shuppán-gyø ฝ∟ᴏ 2. adj shuppan (no) ฝ∟ࡡ ; publishing company n shuppán-sha ฝ∟♣; publishing industry n shuppán gyøkai ฝ∟ᴏ⏲ pucker v ~s it up subomemásu ࡌ࡯ ࡴࡱࡌ; it ~s up subomarimásu ࡌ࡯ࡱࡽࡱࡌ puddle n mizutamari Ềࡒࡱࡽ puke → vomit



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put



pull v hipparimásu ᘤࡖᘿࡽࡱ ࡌ, hikimásu ᘤࡀࡱࡌ; ~ out hikidashimásu ᘤࡀฝࡊࡱࡌ; ~ up (refloats it) hiki-agemásu ᘤ ࡀ୕ࡅࡱࡌ; (stop) tomemásu Ḿࡴࡱࡌ pull n (connnections) kone ࢤࢾ; has ~ (with …) kao ga kikimásu 㢞࠿ࡀࡀࡱࡌ, kóne ga arimásu ࢤࢾ࠿࠵ࡽࡱࡌ pulp n (of paper) parupu ࣂࣜࣈ pulse n myakú ⬞, myakuhaku ⬞ᢷ pulverize v funmatsu ni shimásu ⢂ᮆ࡞ࡊࡱࡌ, kona-gona in shimásu ࡆ࡝ࡇ࡝࡞ࡊࡱࡌ pump n pónpu ࣎ࣤࣈ pumpkin n kabocha ࠾࡯ࡔࡶ࣬࢜ ࣍ࢲࣔ࣬༞⎡ pun n share ࡊࡶࡿ࣬὏ⴘ, dajare ࡓࡋࡶࡿ࣬㥇὏ⴘ, goro-áwase ࡇࢀ>ㄊ࿁@ྙࢂࡎ punch n panchi ࣂࣤࢲ punctual adj jikan o mamoru ᫤㛣 ࢅᏬࡾ, jikandøri (no) ᫤㛣㏳ࡽ ࡡ punctuation n kugiri ༇วࡽ, kutø ten ྀㄖⅤ puncture n (of tire) panku ࣂࣤࢠ pungent adj karái ࠾ࡼ࠷࣬㎖࠷ punish v bas-shimásu ⨡ࡊࡱࡌ,



(~es one’s child) oshioki (o) shimásu ࠽௘⨠ࡀࢅ ࡊࡱࡌ punishment n batsu ⨡; (abuse) gyakutai ⹚ᙽ, (physical ~) táibatsu మ⨡, oshioki ࠽௘⨠ࡀ pupil n 1. (student) séito ⏍ᚈ;



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(apprentice, disciple) deshi ᘭᏄ 2. (~ of the eye) hitomi ࡥ࡛ࡲ࣬▎ puppet n ayatsuri ningyø ᧧ࡽெᙟ; puppet show n ningyø-geki ெᙟ๸; (Japanese traditional) búnraku ᩝᴞ puppy n koinu ᑚ≗࣬ࢤ࢕ࢽ purchase → buy pure adj junsui (na) ⣟⢃࡝ , jún (na) ⣟࡝ ; (clean) seiketsu (na) ΰ₡࡝ purge n tsuihø ㏛ᨲ purple adj murásaki (no) ⣰ࡡ purpose n (intention) (o-)tsumori ࠽ ࡗࡵࡽ, íto ណᅒ, kokorozashi ᚷ; (goal) mokuteki ┘Ⓩ; for the ~ of … (no) tamé (ni) …ࡡ ࡒ ࡴ>Ⅵ@࡞ ; on ~ wáza-to ࢂࡉ ࡛, wázawaza ࢂࡉࢂࡉ, ito-teki ni ណᅒⓏ࡞, takuránde ࡒࡂࡼࢆ ࡚࣬௺ࢆ࡚; serves a ~ → useful purse n saifu ㈀ᕱ, gamaguchi ࠿ ࡱࡃࡔ pursue v oimásu ㏛࠷ࡱࡌ pus n (medical) umí ࠹ࡲ࣬⮃ push 1. v oshimásu ᢪࡊࡱࡌ; (thrusts) tsukimásu ✲ࡀࡱࡌ; oshitsukémásu ᢪࡊ௛ࡄࡱࡌ; ~ a good thing too far zu ni norimásu ᅒ࡞஋ࡽࡱࡌ 2. n oshiᢪ ࡊ; (recommendation) osusume ࠽ࡌࡌࡴ࣬࠽໅ࡴ; (pressure) atsuryoku ᅸງ pushy adj züzüshíi ࡍ࠹ࡍ࠹ࡊ࠷࣬ ᅒࠍࡊ࠷, bu-énryo (na) ↋㐪៎ ࡝ put v okimásu ⨠ࡀࡱࡌ; put aboard



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puzzle



nosemásu ㍍ࡎࡱࡌ; put aside tótte okimásu ཱིࡖ࡙࠽ࡀࡱࡌ; put away shimaimásu ࡊࡱ࠷ࡱࡌ; put in iremásu ථࡿࡱࡌ; ~ a call denwa o iremásu 㞹ヨࢅථࡿࡱ ࡌ; put in order soroemásu ᥖ࠻ࡱ ࡌ; (tidies it up) katazukemásu ∞௛ࡄࡱࡌ; put into words ii-arawashimásu ゕ࠷⾪ࡊࡱࡌ; put it another way ii-kaemásu ゕ࠷ᥦ࠻ ࡱࡌ; put it together (assembles it) kumi-tatemásu ⤄ࡲ❟࡙ࡱࡌ; put on (clothes) kimasu ╌ࡱࡌ; (footwear) hakimasu ࡢࡀࡱࡌ࣬ ᒓࡀࡱࡌ; (headwear) kaburimasu ࠾ࡩࡽ>⿍ࡽ@ࡱࡌ; (glasses) kakemasu ࠾ࡄࡱࡌ᤻࣬ࡄࡱࡌ → wear; put on airs kidorimásu Ẵ



ཱིࡽࡱࡌ; put one on top of another kasanemásu 㔔ࡠࡱࡌ; put out dashimásu ฝࡊࡱࡌ; (extinguishes) keshimásu ᾐࡊࡱࡌ; put pressure on appaku shimásu ᅸ㏍ ࡊࡱࡌ; put to bed/sleep nekashimásu ᐱ࠾ࡊࡱࡌ; put together awasemásu ྙࢂࡎࡱࡌ; (sets up) kumimásu ⤄ࡲࡱࡌ; put someone up overnight tomemásu ἡࡴࡱࡌ; put up with gáman shimásu ᠻះࡊ ࡱࡌ; shinobimásu ᚰࡦࡱࡌ, taemásu ⪇࠻ࡱࡌ, shínbø shimásu ㎖ᢢࡊࡱࡌ puzzle n nazo ࡝ࡑ࣬ㅞ, pázuru ࣂࢫࣜ pyramid n piramíddo ࣅ࣐ࣚࢴࢺ



Q quail n uzura ࢗࢫࣚ࣬㭐 qualification(s) n (competency) shikaku ㈠᰹ qualified adj tekishita 㐲ࡊࡒ, shikaku ga aru ㈠᰹࠿࠵ࡾ qualify v (suitable) teki-shimásu 㐲ࡊࡱࡌ quality n shitsu ㈹, hin ဗ, hinshitsu ဗ㈹; best ~ tokkyü (no) ≁ ⣥ࡡ ; quality control n hinshitsu kanri ဗ㈹⟮⌦ qualm n fuan ୘Ꮽ quantity n ryø 㔖; táká ኣᐵ; (large) taryø ኣ㔖; tairyø ኬ㔖; (large and/or small) tashø ኣᑛ



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quarrel n, v kenka (shimásu) ࡄࢆ ࠾>႒ბ@ࡊࡱࡌ , kuchi-genka (shimásu) ཾࡅࢆ࠾>ཾ႒ბ@ࡊ ࡱࡌ , køron (shimásu) ཾㄵࡊ ࡱࡌ → argument → dispute quarrelsome adj 1. (inclined to quarrel) kenka-zuki (no/na) ႒ბ ይࡀࡡ࡝ 2. (argumentative) giron-zuki (no/na) ㆗ㄵይࡀ ࡡ࡝ quart n kuwøto ࢠ࢚࣭ࢹ quarter n 1. yonbun-no-ichi ᄿฦ ࡡୌ࣬ฦࡡ1; (of a year) shihanki ᄿ༖᭿࣬༖᭿; (time) jügo-fun 15ฦ 2. (district)



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quote



hømén ᪁㟻, …-hø´men …᪁㟻 quartet n karutetto ࢜ࣜࢷࢴࢹ; (music) shijü-sø kyoku ᄿ㔔዇᭜; (group) shijü-sø-dan ᄿ㔔዇ᅆ quay n hato-ba ἴḾሔ; futø ᇢ㢄 queasy adj 1. (feels nauseated) múkamuka shimásu ࡳ࠾ࡳ࠾ ࡊࡱࡌ, haki-kéga shimásu ྡ ࡀẴ࠿ࡊࡱࡌ, haki-ké o moyøshimásu ྡࡀẴࢅതࡊࡱࡌ 2. (feels anxious) shinpai (na) ᚨ㒼 ࡝ , ochitsukanaiⴘࡔ╌࠾࡝࠷ queen n joø ዥ⋜, (card) kuiin ࢠ࢕ ࣭ࣤ; queen-size adj kuiin saizu (no) ࢠ࢕࣭ࣤࢦ࢕ࢫࡡ queer adj hén (na) ን࡝ , okashíi ࠽࠾ࡊ࠷; (wondrous) myø´ (na) ዼ࡝ quest n tankyü ᥀ị, tansaku ᥀ ⣬, tsuikyü ㏛ị question n shitsumon ㈹ၡ; (problem) mondai ၡ㢗; (doubt, query) gimon ␪ၡ questionable adj ayashii ᛱࡊ࠷࣬ ࠵ࡷࡊ࠷, ikagawashíi ࠷࠾࠿ࢂ ࡊ࠷, utagawashíi ␪ࢂࡊ࠷; (fishy) kusái ࡂࡈ࠷࣬⮧ ࠷ question mark n gimón-fu ␪ၡ➚ questionnaire n ankëto ࢓ࣤࢢ࣭ࢹ queue n rétsu า; forms a ~ rétsu o tsukurimásu าࢅషࡽࡱࡌ quick adj hayái ㏷࠷࣬᪡࠷࣬ࡢࡷ࠷



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quick-witted adj kitten no kiku ᶭ㌷ ࡡࡀࡂ, atama no kaiten no yoi/ hayai 㢄ࡡᅂ㌷ࡡࡻ࠷᪡࠷ quiet 1. adj shízuka (na) 㟴࠾࣬ ࡊࡍ࠾࡝ , odáyaka (na) ✔ࡷ ࠾࣬࠽ࡓࡷ࠾࡝ , nódoka (na) ࡡ࡜ࡷ࠾࡝ ; gets ~ shizumarimásu 㟴ࡱࡽࡱࡌ࣬ࡊࡍࡱࡽࡱࡌ 2. v ~s it, makes it ~ shizumemásu 㟴ࡴࡱࡌ࣬ࡊࡍࡴࡱࡌ quilt n (padded) futon ࡨ࡛ࢆ; bottom ~ shiki-búton ᩔᕱᅆ; top ~ kake-búton ᤻ࡄᕱᅆ, yágu እර quinine n kiníine ࢞ࢼ࣭ࢾ quirk n kusé ⒯࣬ࡂࡎ quit v yamemásu ࡷࡴ>Ḿࡴ, ㎙ ࡴ@ࡱࡌ quite adv søtø ┞ᙔ, daibu ࡓ࠷ࡩ ࣬ኬฦ, zúibun ࡍ࠷ࡩࢆ࣬㝮ฦ; (completely) mattakú ධࡂ࣬ࡱࡖ ࡒࡂ → very → almost; ~ a … chótto shita … ࡔࡺࡖ࡛ࡊࡒ …; ~ so naru-hodo ࡝ࡾ࡮࡜࣬ ᠺࡾ⛤ quitter n okubyō-mono ⮉⑋⩽, ikuji nashi ណẴᆀ࡝ࡊ quiver v furuemásu 㟀࠻ࡱࡌ quiz n kuizu ࢠ࢕ࢫ quota n wariate ๪ࡽᙔ࡙, noruma ࢿ࣏ࣜ quotation n ínyø ᘤ⏕ quote v in’yø shimásu ᘤ⏕ࡊࡱࡌ



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rabbi



R rabbi n rabi ࣚࣄ rabbit n usagi ࢗࢦ࢟࣬ඟ; rabbit hole n usagi no suana ࢗࢦ࢟࣬ ඟࡡᕛ✨ race 1. n kyøsø ❿ண, rësu ࣭ࣝࢪ; (bike) keirin ❿㍧; (horse) keiba ❿㤷 2. n (of people) jinshu ெ ⛸, minzoku Ằ᪐; the human ~ jinrui ெ㢦 3. v kyøsø shimásu ❿ணࡊࡱࡌ; ~ the engine énjin o fukashimásu ࢙ࣤࢩࣤࢅྻ ࠾ࡊࡱࡌ; boat race n kyøtei ❿ ⯪; bøto rësu ࣭࣍ࢹ࣭ࣝࢪ; race discrimination n jinshu-teki henken ெ⛸Ⓩ೩ず racial adj jinshu (no) ெ⛸ࡡ racism n jinshu sabetsu ெ⛸ᕣื rack n tana Წ; coat rack n køtokake ࢤ࣭ࢹ᤻ࡄ; magazine rack n magajin rakku ࣏࢝ࢩࣤࣚࢴࢠ racket n (tennis, etc.) rakétto ࣚࢢ ࢴࢹ radar n rëdå ࣭ࣝࢱ࣭ radiation n høsha ᨲᑏ; høsha-sen ᨲᑏ⥲ radical adj (extremist) kageki (na) 㐛⃥࡝ radio n rajio ࣚࢩ࢛; radio program n rajio-bangumi ࣚࢩ࢛␊⤄; radio cab n musen takushii ↋⥲ࢰࢠࢨ࣭ radioactive adj høsha-sei (no) ᨲᑏ ᛮࡡ ; radioactive waste n høshasei haikibutsu ᨲᑏᛮᗣᲘ∸ radish n (the giant white ~) daikon



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ኬ᰷ radius n hankei ༖ᙼ raffle n (lottery) fukubiki ⚗ᘤࡀ raft n ikada ࠷࠾ࡓ࣬➹ rag n bóro ࡯ࢀ; kuzu ࡂࡍ࣬ᒆ; (dust cloth) zøkin ࡑ࠹ࡀࢆ࣬ 㞟ᕮ rage 1. v abaremásu ᬸࡿࡱࡌ, aremásu Ⲡࡿࡱࡌ, (be angry) ikarimásu ᛛࡽࡱࡌ, (be furious) ikarikuruimásu ᛛࡽ≤࠷ࡱࡌ 2. n (outrage) gekido⃥ᛛ; (passion) jønetsu ᝗⇍ raid 1. n (attacking) shügeki ぇᦹ, køgeki ᨯᦹ; (bombing) bakugeki ⇷ᦹ 2. v ~s it shügekí/køgekí/ bakugekí shimásu ぇᦹᨯᦹ⇷ ᦹࡊࡱࡌ; (invades, makes a ~ on) fumi-komimásu ㊻ࡲ㎰ࡲ ࡱࡌ rail n rëru ࣭ࣝࣜ railroad, railway n tetsudø 㕪㐠 rain 1. n áme 㞭; light ~ kosame ᑚ㞭; heavy ~ ø-ame ኬ㞭, gø´u ㇞㞭 2. v (it ~s) áme ga furimásu 㞭࠿㜾ࡽࡱࡌ rainbow n niji ⹷; rainbow colors n niji iro ⹷Ⰵ raincoat n reinkø´to ࣝ࢕ࣤࢤ࣭ࢹ rainfall n køu 㜾㞭 rainy season n (in Japan) tsuyu ࡗ ࡹ࣬ᱭ㞭, nyübai ථᱭ, (outside Japan) uki 㞭Ꮢ raise 1. v agemásu ࠵ࡅ>୕ࡅ, ᣪࡅ,



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rate



ᥥࡅ@ࡱࡌ; (arouses) okoshimásu ㉫ࡆࡊࡱࡌ; (increases) mashimásu ቌࡊࡱࡌ, (price, wage, fee) híki-agemásu ᘤࡀ୕ࡅࡱࡌ; (erects) tatemásu ❟࡙ࡱࡌ 2. v



(fosters, nourishes) yashinaimásu 㣬࠷ࡱࡌ; (rears a child) sodatemásu ⫩࡙ࡱࡌ; (keeps animals, etc.) kaimásu 㣣࠷ࡱࡌ; is raised (reared) sodachimásu ⫩ࡔࡱࡌ 3. (collects money) tsunorimásu ຽࡽࡱࡌ 4. n(salary increae) shøkyü ᪴⤝; (price increase) neagari ೋ୕ࡽ raisin(s) n hoshi-búdø ᖱࡊࡩ࡜࠹ >ⴭ⳿@, rëzun ࣭ࣝࢫࣤ rake 1. n kumade ࡂࡱ࡚࣬↻ᡥ 2. v (~s them up) kaki-atsumemásu ࠾ࡀ㞗ࡴࡱࡌ rally n shükai 㞗ఌ, kaigø ఌྙ ram n rámu ࣑ࣚ, hitsuji ⨲࣬ࣃࢵ ࢩ, o-hitsuji 㞕⨲ ramp n surø´pu ࢪ࣭ࣞࣈ, ránpu ࣚࣤࣈ rampage 1. n børyoku ᬸງbøsø ᬸ㉦2. v abaremásu ᬸࡿࡱࡌ ranch n dai-bokujø ኬ∶ሔ, dainøen ኬ㎨ᅧ random adj iikagen (na) ࠷࠷࠾ ࡅࢆ࣬࠷࠷ຊ΅࡝ ; detarame (na) ࡚ࡒࡼࡴ࣬ฝ㫑┘࡝ ; yatara (na) ࡷࡒࡼ࡝ ; (math, computer) musakui (no) ↋షⅥ ࡡ range n (kitchen) kamado ࠾ࡱ࡜ ࣬❗, rénji ࣝࣤࢩ; (gas) gasurénji ࢝ࢪࣝࣤࢩ; (mountains) sanmya-



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ku ᒜ⬞; (scope) han’i ⠂ᅑ; age range n nenrei haba ᖳ㱃ᖕ; firing range n shatei ᑏ⛤ rank 1. n kuraiå న, …-i …న; chíi ᆀన, kaikyü 㝭⣥, kaisø 㝭ᒒ, ranku ࣚࣤࢠ 2. v (to grade) chii o shimemásu ᆀనࢅ༥ࡴࡱࡌ; high rank n køkyü 㧏⣥; køi 㧏న ransom n minoshirokin ㌗௥㔘 rape 1. n (plant) náppa ⳧ࡖⴝ࣬ ࢻࢴࣂ, ná ⳧ 2. n (forcible intercourse) gøkan ᙁጩ, reipu ࣝ࢕ࣈ 3. v ~s gøkan shimásu ᙁ ጩࡊࡱࡌ rapid adj subayai ⣪᪡࠷; jinsoku (na) ㎷㏷࡝ ; kyüsoku (na) ᛬ ㏷࡝ → fast; in rapid succession adv zokuzoku ࡑࡂࡑࡂ࣬⤾ࠍ rapids n (river) kyüryü ᛬Ὦ rare adj (infrequent) mare (na) ࡱ ࡿ>⛝@࡝ , (precious, curious) mezurashíi ⌃ࡊ࠷; (uncooked) náma no ⏍ࡡ, (little cooked) nama-yake (no) ⏍↕ࡄࡡ , réa (no) ࣝ࢓ࡡ ; rare case n mare na kësu ࡱࡿ࡝>⛝࡝@ࢢ࣭ࢪ rash 1. n (medical) hosshin Ⓠ⑀ ࣬࡮ࡖࡊࢆ, hasshin Ⓠ⑀࣬ࡢࡖ ࡊࢆ 2. adj (hasty) keisotsu (na) ㍅⋙࡝ , métta (na) ࡴࡖࡒ࡝ , mukø´-mizu (na) ྡྷࡆ࠹ず ࡍ࣬ࡳࡆ࠹ࡲࡍ࡝ ; skin rash n (medical) hishin ⓮⑀ rat n nezumi ࡠࡍࡲ࣬ࢾࢫ࣐㹺㰙; dobu nezumi ࢺࣇࢾࢫ࣐࣬‹㰙 rate 1. n (ratio) rítsu ⋙, (percentage) wariai ๪ྙ; (charge) ryøkin



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rather



ᩩ㔘 2. v (estimates it) mitsumorimásu ず✒ࡽࡱࡌ; admission rate n nyüin ritsu ථ㝌⋙; tax rate n zei ritsu ⛧⋙ rather adv múshiro ࡳࡊࢀ; (preferably) isso ࠷ࡖࡐ; (fairly) kánari ࠾࡝ࡽ, ii-kagen ࠷࠷ຊ΅



→ pretty, moderate ratio n ritsu ⋙, hiritsu Ẓ⋙, (percentage) wariai ๪ྙ; birth ratio n shussei ritsu ฝ⏍⋙; ratio method n hiritsu hø Ẓ⋙Ἢ ration 1. n haikyü 㒼⤝ 2. v (~s it) haikyü shimásu 㒼⤝ࡊࡱࡌ rational adj gøri-teki (na) ྙ⌦Ⓩ ࡝ ; risei-teki (na) ⌦ᛮⓏ࡝ rattan n tø´ ⸠࣬ࣆࢩ rattle v gáragara narimásu ࠿ࡼ࠿ ࡼ㫾ࡽࡱࡌ; (clatters) gátagata shimásu ࠿ࡒ࠿ࡒࡊࡱࡌ ravine n kyøkoku ᓒㆺ raving n uwagoto ࠹ࢂࡇ࡛࣬࠹ࢂゕ raw adj náma (no, de) ⏍ࡡ࡚ ; sliced ~ fish (o-)sashimí ࠽ ๆ㌗ๆ㌗ ray n køsen ක⥲; a ray of sunlight n hizashi ᪝ᕣࡊ; X-ray n ekkusu sen ;⥲, rentogen ࣝࣤࢹࢣࣤ rayon n rëyon ࣭ࣝࣙࣤ razor n kamisórí ࠾ࡲࡐࡽ้࣬ ภ; ~ blade kamisórí no ha ࠾ࡲ ࡐࡽࡡร reach 1. v (it is delivered) todokimásu ᒀࡀࡱࡌ; (it extends to) … ni oyobimásu …࡞ཀྵࡦࡱࡌ, nobimásu ఘࡦࡱࡌ; (arrives at) …ni tsukimásu …࡞╌ࡀࡱࡌ;



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(achieves) …ni tas-shimásu … ࡞㐡ࡊࡱࡌ 2. n (within ~) (te no) todoku hani/kyoriᡥࡡ ᒀࡂ⠂ ᅑ㊝㞫 react v hannø shimásu ཬᚺࡊࡱࡌ reaction n (response) hannø ཬ ᚺ; (repercussion) handø ཬິ; adverse reaction n (medical) yügai hannø ᭯ᐐཬᚺ; allergic reaction n arerugii hannø ࢓࣭ࣝࣜ࢟ཬᚺ reactionary adj handø-teki (na) ཬ ິⓏ࡝ read v yomimásu ㄖࡲࡱࡌ; read aloud v ondoku shimásu 㡚ㄖ ࡊࡱࡌ; read rapidly v sokudoku shimásu ㏷ㄖࡊࡱࡌ; read with pleasure, like to read v aidoku shimásu យㄖࡊࡱࡌ; read silently v mokudoku shimásu 㯪ㄖࡊ ࡱࡌ; read thoroughly v jukudoku shimásu ⇅ㄖࡊࡱࡌ reader n (person) dokusha ㄖ⩽; (book) tokuhon ㄖᮇ readily adv (easily) wáke-naku ズ ࡝ࡂ࣬ࢂࡄ࡝ࡂ, muzø´sa ni ↋ ㏸ష࡞ ready 1. adj (yø´i ga) dékíte imásu ⏕ណ࠿ ฝᮮ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ, dekimáshíta ฝᮮࡱࡊࡒ; (is arranged) totonoimásu ᩒ࠷ࡱࡌ 2. adj (easy) wáke-nai ズ࡝࠷ 3. v readies it (provides) sonaemásu ങ࠻ࡱࡌ, (arranges it) totonoemásu ᩒ࠻ࡱࡌ ready-made 1. n kiseihin ᪜⿿ဗ 2. adj kisei (hin) (no) ᪜⿿ဗ ࡡ , dekiai (no) ฝᮮྙ࠷ࡡ



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receive



real adj 1. hontø (no) ᮇᙔࡡ ; riaru ࣛ࢓ࣜ → genuine; the ~ thing honmono ᮇ∸ 2. (actual) genjitsu (no) ⌟ᐁࡡ ; real estate n fudøsan ୘ິ⏐; real income n jisshitsu shotoku ᐁ㈹ᡜᚋ; real world n jisshakai ᐁ♣ఌ; genjitsu (no) sekai ⌟ᐁࡡ ୠ⏲ realistic adj genjitsu-teki (na) ⌟ ᐁⓏ࡝ ; realistic plan n genjitsuteki na keikaku/puran ⌟ᐁⓏ࡝ ゛⏤ࣈࣚࣤ reality n jissai ᐁ㝷; genjitsu ⌟ᐁ; riaritii ࣛ࢓ࣛࢷ࢔ realization n jikkø ᐁ⾔; genjitsu-ka ⌟ᐁ໩ realize v 1. (comprehends) … ga wakarimásu …࠿ฦ࠾ࡽࡱࡌ, satorimásu ᜽ࡽࡱࡌ 2. (carries out) genjitsu-ka shimásu ⌟ᐁ ໩ࡊࡱࡌ 3. (notices) kizukimásu Ẵࡘࡀࡱࡌ → accomplish; a desire is realized nozomi ga kanaimásu ᭻ࡲ࠿ྑ࠷>࠾࡝࠷@ ࡱࡌ really adv hontø/honto (ni) ᮇᙔ ࡮ࢆ࡛࡞ , jitsú (ni) ᐁ࡞ ; Really?? (No kidding!) [EXCLAM] másaka ࡱࡈ࠾ reap v osamemásu ཭ࡴࡱࡌ, shükaku shimásu ཭✥ࡊࡱࡌ rear 1. → back, behind 2. → raise reason n wáke ࢂࡄ࣬ズ, riyü ⌦ ⏜; (what is sensible) dørí 㐠⌦; (logic) rikutsu ⌦ᑿ, ronri ㄵ⌦; (meaning) yóshi ⏜; (grounds) yué ᨶ, kónkyo ᰷ᣈ; for the ~



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that …to iu riyü de …࡛࠷࠹⌦ ⏜࡚, …yuéni …ᨶ>ࡹ࠻@࡞; good reason n seitø na riyü ḿᙔ࡝ ⌦⏜; without reason adv riyü naku ⌦⏜࡝ࡂ reasonable adj (natural, proper) atarimae (no) ᙔࡽ๑ࡡ ; tekisetsu (na) 㐲ว࡝ ; datø (na) ጂ ᙔ࡝ ; (rational) gøri-teki (na) ྙ⌦Ⓩ࡝ ; tegoro (na) ᡥ㡥 ࡝ ; reasonable price n tegoro na kakaku ᡥ㡥࡝౮᰹, datø na nedan ጂᙔ࡝ೋṹ rebate n haraimodoshi ᡮ࠷ᡘࡊ, ribëto ࣭ࣛ࣊ࢹ; tax rebate n zeikin (no) kanpu ⛧㔘ࡡ 㑇௛ rebel 1. n hangyaku-sha ཬ㏣⩽ 2. v (against) … ni somukimásu …࡞⫴ࡀ>ࡐࡳࡀ@ࡱࡌ, hangyaku shimásu ཬ㏣ࡊࡱࡌ, hanran o okoshimásu ཬ஗ࢅ㉫ࡆࡊࡱࡌ rebellion n hangyaku ཬ㏣ rebuke 1. n (o-)togamé ࠽ ࡛࠿ࡴ ࣬࠽ ࿲ࡴ, hinan 㟸㞬[BOOKISH] shisseki ྌ㈈ 2. v (blames) togamemásu ࡛࠿ࡴ>࿲ࡴ@ࡱࡌ recall 1. n (of defective products) rikøru ࣛࢤ࣭ࣜ 2. v (remembers) omoi-dashimásu ᛦ࠷ฝࡊࡱࡌ receipt n uke-tori ུࡄཱིࡽ, ryøshü-sho 㡷཭᭡, juryø´-shø ུ㡷᭡, reshiíto ࣝࢨ࣭ࢹ receive v moraimásu ࡵࡼ࠷ࡱࡌ, ukemásu ུࡄࡱࡌ, uke-torimásu ུࡄཱིࡽࡱࡌ, uke-tsukemásu ུ ࡄ௛ࡄࡱࡌ; híki-torimásu ᘤࡀ ཱིࡽࡱࡌ; ses-shimásu ᥃ࡊࡱࡌ



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recent



recent adj saikin no ᭩㎾ࡡ, konogoro no ࡆࡡ㡥ࡡ, chíkágoro no ㎾㡥ࡡ; the most recent adj saishin no ᭩᩺ࡡ receptacle n yø´ki ᐖჹ, utsuwa ჹ reception n resépushon ࣝࢬࣈࢨ ࣘࣤ; uketsuke ུ௛; reception room n øsetsuma ᚺ᥃㛣; øsetsushitsu ᚺ᥃ᐄ recess n yasumí ఆࡲ recession n fukéiki ୘ᬊẴ; keiki (no) køtai ᬊẴࡡ ᚃ㏝ recipe n reshipi ࣝࢨࣅ reciprocal adj o-tagai (no) ࠽ப࠷ ࡡ ; sø´go (no) ┞பࡡ recital n risaitaru ࣛࢦ࢕ࢰࣜ recite v utaimásu ḯ࠷ࡱࡌ; tonaemásu ၌࠻ࡱࡌ; anshø shimásu ᬧ၌ࡊࡱࡌ reckless adj mubø (na) ↋ㅓ࡝ , múcha (na) ࡳࡔࡶ>↋Ⲍ@࡝ , mukø´-mizu (na) ྡྷࡆ࠹ずࡍ࣬ ࡳࡆ࠹ࡲࡍ࡝ reckon v kazoemásu ᩐ࠻ࡱࡌ reclamation n kaikon 㛜ቢ recognition n ninshiki ヾㆉ recognize v mitomemásu ヾࡴࡱࡌ recoil v atozusarimásu ᚃࡍࡈࡽࡱ ࡌ, køtai shimásu ᚃ㏝ࡊࡱࡌ recollect v omoidashimásu ᛦ࠷ ฝࡊࡱࡌ recommend v susumemásu ໅ࡴ >ⷸࡴ@ࡱࡌ recommendation n suisen ᥆ⷸ, (letter) suisen-jø ᥆ⷸ≟ recompense v benshø shimásu ᘒ ർࡊࡱࡌ



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reconcile v nakanaori shimásu ௯ ├ࡽࡊࡱࡌ, [BOOKISH] wakai shimásu ࿰ゆࡊࡱࡌ reconfirm 1. n sai-kákunin ්☔ヾ, (flight) rikonfåmu ࣛࢤࣤࣆ࢒࣭ ࣑ 2. v (reservations) (yoyaku o) sai-kákunin shimásu ஢⣑ࢅ ්☔ヾࡊࡱࡌ record 1. n (phonograph) rekø´do ࣝࢤ࣭ࢺ; (results, marks) seiseki ᠺ⦴; (historic) kiroku エ㘋; a new ~ (an event) shinkiroku ᩺エ㘋 2. v ~s it (sound) rokuon shimásu 㘋㡚ࡊࡱࡌ; (event) kiroku shimásu エ㘋ࡊࡱ ࡌ; birth record n shussei kiroku ฝ⏍エ㘋; death record n shibø kiroku Ṓஷエ㘋 recorder n rokuón-ki 㘋㡚ᶭ ; tape ~ tëpu rekødå ࢷ࣭ࣈࣝࢤ࣭ࢱ࣭ recover v kaifuku shimásu ᅂᚗ ࡊࡱࡌ recovery n kaifuku ᅂᚗ recreation n goraku ፑᴞ; ian ័Ꮽ; réjå ࣝࢩ࣭ࣔ, rekurië´shon ࣝࢠ ࢙࣭ࣛࢨࣘࣤ recruit 1. n shinnyü-shain ᩺ථ♣ ဤ 2. v boshü shimásu ຽ㞗ࡊࡱ ࡌ; saiyø shimásu ᤿⏕ࡊࡱࡌ recruitment n boshü ຽ㞗; saiyø ᤿ ⏕; rikurüto ࣛࢠ࣭ࣜࢹ recuperate → recover recuperation → recovery recycle n, v risaikuru (shimásu) ࣛࢦ࢕ࢠࣜࡊࡱࡌ ; sairiyø (shimásu) ්ฺ⏕ࡊࡱࡌ red adj akai ㉝࠷; áka (no) ㉝ࡡ ;



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refuse



the ~ (deficit figures) aka-ji ㉝Ꮚ; red bean n azukí࠵ࡍࡀ࣬࢓ࢫ࢞㹺 ᑚ㇃; Red Cross n Sekijü´ji ㉝ ༎Ꮚ redo v (does it over (again)) yarinaoshimásu ࡷࡽ├ࡊࡱࡌ reduce v 1. herashimásu ΅ࡼࡊࡱ ࡌ, (curtails) habukimásu ┤ࡀࡱ ࡌ; (summarizes) tsuzumemásu ࡗࡘࡴࡱࡌ → lessen → lower → shorten 2. (loses weight) yasemásu ࡷࡎ>⑥ࡎ@ࡱࡌ reed n áshi/yóshi ࢓ࢨࣙࢨ࣬ⴲ reef n anshø ᬧ♃; coral reef n sango-shø ࢦࣤࢥ♃࣬⌀⍒♃ reel 1. n (spool) ito maki ⣊ᕬࡀ, riiru ࣭ࣛࣜ; (frame) waku ᯗ 2. v (~s it) kurimásu ⧖ࡽࡱࡌ 3. → stagger reentry n (into the country) sainyükoku ්ථᅗ; reentry permit n sainyükoku kyoka ්ථᅗスྊ refer v ~s to … ni furemásu … ࡞よࡿࡱࡌ; [BOOKISH] … ni genkyü shimásu …࡞ゕཀྵࡊࡱ ࡌ; (reference) sanshø shimásu ཤ↯ࡊࡱࡌ referee n refurii ࣝࣆ࣭ࣛ, shinpan (-in) ᐼึဤ reference n sanshø ཤ↯; reference book n sankø-sho ཤ⩻᭡ refined adj (genteel) (o-)jøhín (na) ࠽ ୕ဗ࡝ , yü´ga (na) ඁ㞖࡝ refinery n (oil) seiyu-sho ⿿ἔᡜ reflect v (mirrors it) utsushimásu ᫆ࡊࡱࡌ; gets reflected utsuri-



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másu ᫆ࡽࡱࡌ; (ponders) hansha shimásu ཬᑏࡊࡱࡌ; ~s on hansei shimásu ཬ┤ࡊࡱࡌ reflection n utsurí ෕ࡽ; hansha ཬᑏ; kage ᙫ; (consideration) kø´ryo ⩻៎; hansei ཬ┤ reform v (starts a new life) køsei shimásu ᭞⏍ࡊࡱࡌ reformation n 1. (improvement) kairyø ᨭⰃ, kaizen ᨭၻ 2. (innovation) kaikaku ᨭ㠁 3. (remedy) køsei ᭞⏍ reformatory n shønen-in ᑛᖳ㝌 refrain; ~ from … o enryo shimásu …ࢅ㐪៎ࡊࡱࡌ refresh v sawáyaka na kibun ni shimásu ࡈࢂࡷ࠾>∕ࡷ࠾@࡝Ẵ ฦ࡞ࡊࡱࡌ refreshments n (food) tabe-mónó 㣏࡬∸; (drink) nomí-mono 㣟ࡲ ∸; (tea) o-cha ࠽Ⲍ refrigerator n reizø´ko ෫ⶮᗔ refugee n hinán-sha 㑂㞬⩽, nanmin 㞬Ằ; refugee camp n nanmin kyanpu 㞬Ằ࢞ࣔࣤࣈ refund 1. n harai-modoshi ᡮ࠷ᡘ ࡊ, henkin ㏁㔘 2. v (~s it) haraimodoshimásu ᡮ࠷ᡘࡊࡱࡌ, henkin shimásu ㏁㔘ࡊࡱࡌ; tax refund n zeikin (no) kanpu ⛧㔘 ࡡ 㑇௛ refusal n kotowárí ᩷ࡽ; kyóhi ᢼ ྫྷ; kyozetsu ᢼ⤧ refuse 1. n (rubbish) kuzu ࡂࡍ࣬ ᒆ, gomi ࡇࡲ࣬ࢥ࣐ 2. v kotowarimásu ᩷ࡽࡱࡌ; kyóhí shimásu ᢼྫྷࡊࡱࡌ; jitai shimásu



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regard



ENGLISH–JAPANESE



㎙㏝ࡊࡱࡌ; (rejects it) kobami- lars (army) jøbi-gun ᖏങ㌯; regular customer n jøren kyaku ᖏ㏻ᐂ, másu ᢼࡲࡱࡌ regard 1. v mimásu ずࡱࡌ; kankotei kyaku ᅖᏽᐂ, tokuisaki ᚋ ណ඙; regular exam(ination) n teiki gaemasu ⩻࠻ࡱࡌ → think 2. n sonkei ᑕᩏ, keii ᩏណ; ~s to shiken ᏽ᭿ム㥺; regular size n … ni yoroshíku (ittekudasái, futsü saizu ᬉ㏳ࢦ࢕ࢫ o-tsutae kudasái) …࡞ࡻࢀࡊࡂ regulation n kísóku ぜ์, kítei ぜᏽ; >᏿ࡊࡂ@ゕࡖ࡙ୖࡈ࠷, ࠽ఎ࠻ kimari Ửࡱࡽ ୖࡈ࠷ rehabilitation n rihabiri ࣛࣀࣄࣛ regarding prep in/with regard to rehearsal n rihåsaru ࣛࣀ࣭ࢦࣜ … ni tái-shite …࡞ᑊࡊ࡙, … ni reincarnation n umarekawari ⏍ࡱ ࡿንࢂࡽ tsúite (no) …࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡡ regardless → nevertheless reign n chisei ἖ୠ regeneration n køsei ᭞⏍ rein(s) n tázuna ᡥ⥐࣬ࡒࡘ࡝ region n chíhø ᆀ᪁, chíiki ᆀᇡ reject v kobamimásu ᢼࡲࡱࡌ; regional adj chíhø (no) ᆀ᪁ࡡ , kyóhí shimásu ᢼྫྷࡊࡱࡌ rejection n kyozetsu ᢼ⤧; acute chíiki (no) ᆀᇡࡡ register 1. n (of names) meibo ྞ rejection n (medical) kyüsei ⡑, (enrollment) kiroku エ㘋 2. kyozetsu hannø ᛬ᛮᢼ⤧ཬᚺ rejoice v yorokobimásu ႌࡦࡱࡌ v (checks into hotel) chekkúín relate v 1. (tells) katarimásu ㄊ shimásu ࢲ࢙ࢴࢠ࢕ࣤࡊࡱࡌ; ࡽࡱࡌ, nobemásu ㏑࡬ࡱࡌ 2. (enrolls, signs up) tøroku (is connected/relevant to) … ni shimásu Ⓡ㘋ࡊࡱࡌ; ~ a letter tegami o kakí-tome ni shimásu kanshimásu …࡞㛭ࡊࡱࡌ ᡥ⣤ࢅ᭡⏻࡞ࡊࡱࡌ relation(ship) n kankei 㛭౿; tsunaregistration n tøroku Ⓡ㘋, tø´ki gari ࡗ࡝࠿ࡽ; (between people) Ⓡエ náka ௯, aidagara 㛣ᯮ regret 1. n kø´kai ᚃ᜴ 2. v (~s it) relative 1. n (person) shinrui の køkai shimásu ᚃ᜴ࡊࡱࡌ, kuya- 㢦, shinseki のᡁ 2. adj kankei/ mimásu ᜴ࡷࡲࡱࡌ kanren no aru 㛭౿㛭㏻ࡡ࠵ࡾ regrettable adj oshíi ᝨࡊ࠷, zan- relax v (looses tension) tarumimásu nén (na) ṟᛍ࡝ , ainiku (na) ࠵ ࡒࡾࡲ>ᘩࡲ@ࡱࡌ; (gets comfort࠷࡞ࡂ࡝ , ikan (na) 㐿᠅࡝ able) kutsurogimásu ࡂࡗࢀࡁ regular adj (usual) futsü no ᬉ >ᐰࡁ@ࡱࡌ; (rests oneself) yasu㏳ࡡ, (ordinary) nami no ୩ࡡ, mimásu ఆࡲࡱࡌ, rirakkusu shirégyurå ࣭ࣝ࢟ࣖࣚ ; (periodic/ másu ࣛࣚࢴࢠࢪࡊࡱࡌ, (enjoys scheduled) téiki no ᏽ᭿ࡡ; regu- oneself) asobimásu 㐗ࡦࡱࡌ 546



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remove



release 1. n (publication) hatsubai Ⓠ኉, (movie)køkai ප㛜; press ~ puresu ririisu ࣈࣝࢪ࣭ࣛࣛࢪ 2. v (announce) happyø shimásu Ⓠ⾪ࡊࡱࡌ; (let go) kahø shimásu ゆᨲࡊࡱࡌ; release date n hatsubai bi Ⓠ኉᪝, køkai-bi ප㛜᪝ relevant adj (related) kanren/kankei no aru 㛭㏻㛭౿ࡡ࠵ࡾ; is ~ to … ni kanren shimásu …࡞㛭㏻ ࡊࡱࡌ reliable adj (steady) te-gatai ᡥᇻ ࠷; (trustworthy) shinrai dekíru ಘ㢏࡚ࡀࡾ, is highly ~ shinraisei ga takái ಘ㢏ᛮ࠿㧏࠷ reliance n ate ᙔ࡙, tánomi 㢏ࡲ, shinrai ಘ㢏 relief n (rescue) kyü´jo ᨾຐ; (from worry) anshin Ꮽᚨ; breathes a sigh of ~ hóttó shimásu ࡮ࡖ࡛ ࡊࡱࡌ relieve v 1. is relieved anshin shimásu Ꮽᚨࡊࡱࡌ; (gets saved) tasukarimásu ຐ࠾ࡽࡱࡌ 2. ~s oneself (goes to the bathroom) yø´ o tashimásu ⏕ࢅ㊂ࡊࡱࡌ religion n shü´kyø ᏺᩅ, …-kyø …ᩅ relish n small dish of ~ tsukeawase ௛ࡄྙࡎ rely; ~ on … ni tayorimásu …࡞㢏 ࡽࡱࡌ, (requests) tanomimásu 㢏ࡲࡱࡌ, iraishimásu ౪㢏ࡊ ࡱࡌ remain v (gets left behind) nokorimásu ṟࡽࡱࡌ, (is in excess)



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amarimásu ఴࡽࡱࡌ; (stops) todomarimásu ࡛࡜ࡱࡽࡱࡌ; (stays) imásu ࠷ࡱࡌ, (rather than go) ikimasén ⾔ࡀࡱࡎࢆ remainder n (leftover) nokorí ṟ ࡽ, (surplus) (o-)ámari ࠽ ఴ ࡽ; áto no (mono, hító, …) ᚃࡡ ∸, ெ, … remains n (what remains) nokorimono ṟࡽ∸; the remaining … áto/nokori no …ᚃṟࡽࡡ… remark 1. n kotobá ゕⴝ, … (yü/ iu/itta) kotó… (ゕ࠹ゕࡖࡒ ஥; uncalled-for ~ sashide-guchi ᕣ ࡊฝཾ 2. v → say remarkable adj ijø (na) ␏ᖏ࡝ ; ichijirushíi ⴥࡊ࠷ remember v (recalls) omoi-dashimásu ᛦ࠷ฝࡊࡱࡌ; (retains in memory) obóete imásu つ࠻࡙࠷ ࡱࡌ remind; ~ one of … … o omowasemásu …ࢅᛦࢂࡎࡱࡌ; kizukasemásu Ẵ௛࠾ࡎࡱࡌ reminder n hínto ࣃࣤࢹ, chü´i Ἰ ណ, saisoku-jø തಀ≟, rimaindå ࣏ࣛ࢕ࣤࢱ࣭ remittance n søkin ㏞㔘 remodel v kaichiku shimásu ᨭ⠇ ࡊࡱࡌ, rifømu shimásu ࣛࣆ࢚ ࣭࣑ࡊࡱࡌ remote adj enkaku-chi 㐪㝰ᆀ; remote area n hekichi ࡫ࡀᆀ࣬ ൠᆀ; remote control n ① enkaku seigyo 㐪㝰โᚒ ② (TV, etc.) rimo-kon ࣓ࣛࢤࣤ remove v torimásu ཱིࡽࡱࡌ, nozo-



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remuneration



kimásu 㝎ࡀࡱࡌ; sarimásu ཡࡽ ࡱࡌ; háijo shimásu ᤴ㝎ࡊࡱࡌ remuneration n sharei ㅨ♡; (salary) kyüryø ⤝ᩩ renewal n køshin ᭞᩺, rinyüaru ࣛࢼ࣭ࣖ࢓ࣜ; license renewal n menkyo (no) køshin ඞスࡡ ᭞᩺; renewal fee n køshin-ryø ᭞᩺ᩩ rent 1. n (cost) karí-chin ೇࡽ㈜, (house) yá-chin ᐓ㈜ 2. v (~s it out to) kashimásu ㈒ࡊࡱࡌ; (~s it from) karimásu ೇࡽࡱࡌ rental n, adj chintai (no) ㈜㈒ࡡ , rentaru (no) ࣝࣤࢰࣜࡡ ; rental fee n shiyøryø ౐⏕ᩩ, rentaru ryøkin ࣝࣤࢰࣜᩩ㔘; rental house n kashiya ㈒ᐓ renovate v 1. (repair) shüri shimásu ಞ⌦ࡊࡱࡌ 2. (rebuild) rifømu shimásu ࣛࣆ࢚࣭࣑ࡊࡱࡌ reorder 1. v (adjusts) séiri shimásu ᩒ⌦ࡊࡱࡌ 2. n sai-chümon ් Ἰᩝ; tsuika-chümon ㏛ຊἸᩝ reorganization n sai-hensei ්⥽ᠺ reorganize → reorder repair 1. n (repairing) naoshí ├ࡊ, shü´ri ಞ⌦, shüzen ಞ⧃, tsukurói ⧃࠷; (upkeep, care) te-iré ᡥථ ࡿ 2. v ~s it naoshimásu ├ࡊࡱ ࡌ; (mends, patches, sews) tsukuroimásu ⧃࠷ࡱࡌ; shü´ri/shüzen shimásu ಞ⌦ಞ⧃ࡊࡱࡌ; (it



repay v (compensates) mukuimásu ሒ࠷ࡱࡌ repeat 1. v mø ichi-do iimásu ࡵ࠹ ୌᗐゕ࠷ࡱࡌ; kuri-kaeshimásu ⧖ࡽ㏁ࡊࡱࡌ 2. n ripiito ࣛࣅ࣭ ࢹ; kurikaeshi ⧖ࡽ㏁ࡊ; [BOOKISH] hanpuku ཬᚗ repeatedly adv (often) shíbashiba ࡊࡣࡊࡣ; (ever so many times) nán-do/-kai mo రᗐᅂࡵ repel v (water, etc.) hajikimásu ᙆࡀࡱࡌ repercussion n handø ཬິ repetition n kurikaeshi ⧖ࡽ㏁ࡊ, hanpuku ཬᚗ rephrase v ii-kaemásu ゕ࠷ᥦ࠻ ࡱࡌ replace v tori-kaemásu ཱིࡽᥦ࠻ ࡱࡌ replacement n torikae ཱིࡽᥦ࠻, sashikae ᕣࡊ᭨࠻, [BOOKISH] chikan ⨠ᥦ replica n fukusei (-hin) 々⿿ဗ, mozø(-hin) ᶅ㏸ဗ, repurika ࣝ ࣈࣛ࢜ reply 1. n kaitø ᅂ➽ 2. v replies to kaitø shimásu ᅂ➽ࡊࡱࡌ report 1. n (notice) (o-)shirase ࠽ ▩ࡼࡎ, tsüchi ㏳▩, (o-)todoke ࠽ ᒀࡄ; (announcement) høkoku ሒ࿈, repø´to ࣭ࣝ࣎ࢹ; (message) dengon ఎゕ; (research paper) happyø Ⓠ⾪; gets repaired) …ga naorimásu (claim) møshi-de ⏞ࡊฝ 2. v … ࠿├ࡽࡱࡌ, (gets it repaired) (announces) høkoku shimásu ሒ ࿈ࡊࡱࡌ, (relays, tells) tsutae… o naóshite moraimásu … ࢅ ├ࡊ࡙ࡵࡼ࠷ࡱࡌ másu ఎ࠻ࡱࡌ, (is reported)



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reserve



tsutawarimásu ఎࢂࡽࡱࡌ, shimásu こịࡊࡱࡌ 2. → need (notifies) todokemásu ᒀࡄࡱࡌ; → take (time/money) → stipulate requirement n yøkyü こị; (quali(presents research) happyø fication) shíkaku ㈠᰹; admission shimásu Ⓠ⾪ࡊࡱࡌ; (claims) requirements n nyügaku shikaku ථ møshi-demásu ⏞ࡊฝࡱࡌ → inform → tell; ~ for work shukkin Ꮥ㈠᰹; entry requirements n tøroku shimásu ฝໂࡊࡱࡌ; report card n hitsuyø jøken Ⓡ㘋ᚪこ᮪௲ rescue 1. n kyü´jo ᨾຐ 2. v tasuseisekí-hyø ᠺ⦴⾪ reporter n ripøtå ࣭ࣛ࣎ࢰ࣭, kemásu ຐࡄࡱࡌ, sukuimásu ᨾ࠷ࡱࡌ; kyü´jo shimásu ᨾຐ (news ~) shinbun-kíshá ᩺⪲エ ⩽, (shuzai) kíshá ཱིᮞ エ⩽ ࡊࡱࡌ representative 1. n daihyø ௥⾪, research 1. v kenkyü shimásu ◂✪ ࡊࡱࡌ, chøsa shimásu ㄢᰕࡊࡱ daihyø´-sha ௥⾪⩽ 2. adj (typical, model) daihyø-teki (na) ࡌ, risåchi shimásu ࣛࢦ࣭ࢲࡊ ௥⾪Ⓩ࡝ ࡱࡌ 2. (investigation) n chø´sa reprint n, v zøsatsu (shimásu) ቌใ ㄢᰕ; researcher n kenkyü-in ◂✪ ࡊࡱࡌ ဤ, kenkyü-sha ◂✪⩽, chøsa-in reproach n, v hínan (shimásu) ㄢᰕဤ 㟸㞬ࡊࡱࡌ , sememásu ㈈ resemblance n ruiji 㢦జ ࡴࡱࡌ resemble v … ni nite imásu …࡞ reproduce v (replay) saisei shimásu జ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ, nimásu జࡱࡌ; … ්⏍ࡊࡱࡌ; (replicates/copies it) ni/to ruiji shimásu …࡞࡛㢦 జࡊࡱࡌ; closely ~ … ni/to nifukusei/fukusha shimásu 々⿿ 々෕ࡊࡱࡌ kayoimásu …࡞࡛జ㏳࠷ࡱࡌ reproduction n (replication) resent v fungai shimásu ៵់ࡊࡱ fukusei 々⿿, (copy) fukusha 々 ࡌ; ikidørimásu ៵ࡽࡱࡌ; urami෕; (replay) saisei ්⏍ másu ᜗ࡲࡱࡌ reputation n hyøban ビึ reservation n (booking) yoyaku ஢ request 1. n negái 㢢࠷, tanomí 㢏 ⣑, møshí-komi ⏞ࡊ㎰ࡲ ࡲ, irai ౪㢏, rikuesuto ࣛࢠ࢙ࢪ reserve n 1. (reticence) enryo 㐪 ࢹ; (a demand) yøkyü こị, ៎; shows ~ enryo shimásu 㐪៎ seikyü ㄫị; (requesting) kóí ㄫ ࡊࡱࡌ 2. (spare) yobi ஢ങ ࠷ 2. v (asks a favor) negaimásu reserve adj (spare) yóbi (no) ஢ങ 㢢࠷ࡱࡌ, tanomimásu 㢏ࡲࡱࡌ, ࡡ ; reserve fund n tsumitate-kin irai shimásu ౪㢏ࡊࡱࡌ; (demands) ✒❟㔘 reserve v (makes a booking) yoyaseikyü shimásu ㄫịࡊࡱࡌ require v 1. (demands) yøkyü ku shimásu ஢⣑ࡊࡱࡌ, møshí549



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reservoir



komimásu ⏞ࡊ㎰ࡲࡱࡌ; (puts aside, holds) tótte okimásu ཱིࡖ ࡙⨠ࡀࡱࡌ reservoir n chosúi-chi ㈋Ềờ, jøsúi-chi ὯỀờ residence n 1. (place) (o-)súmai ࠽ పࡱ࠷, jü´sho పᡜ, jütaku పᏩ; one’s ~ (home) jitaku ⮤Ꮹ 2. (residing) zairyü ᅹ⏻; permanent ~ honseki ᮇ⡘, (place) honsékí-chi ᮇ⡘ᆀ resident n (person) kyojü´-sha ᑽ ప⩽, jümin పẰ resign v (job) (shigoto o) yamemásu ௘஥ࢅ ㎙ࡴࡱࡌ, jishoku shimásu ㎙⫃ࡊࡱࡌ resigned; is ~ to … o kákúgo shimásu …ࢅつ᜽ࡊࡱࡌ, akiramemásu ㅁࡴࡱࡌ resist v … ni hankø/teikø shimásu …࡞ཬᢘᢤᢘࡊࡱࡌ, kobamimásu ᢼࡲࡱࡌ resistance n hankø ཬᢘ, teikø ᢤᢘ resolutely adv shíkkári ࡊࡖ࠾ࡽ resolve 1. n (determination) késshín Ửᚨ 2. v ~s to do (shiyø to) késshín shimásu ࡊࡻ࠹࡛ Ửᚨ ࡊࡱࡌ 3. v (medical) shøsan shimásu ᾐᩋࡊࡱࡌ resonate v kyømei shimásu භ㫾 ࡊࡱࡌ resound v (echo) hibikimásu 㡢ࡀ ࡱࡌ respect 1. n sonkei ᑕᩏ, uyamai ᩏ࠷ 2. v sonkei shimásu ᑕᩏ ࡊࡱࡌ; uyamaimásu ᩏ࠷ࡱࡌ;



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ogamimásu ᣇࡲࡱࡌ; Respectfor-the-Aged Day (the 3rd Monday of September) Keirø no hí ᩏ⩹ࡡ᪝ respectable adj katagi (na) ᇻẴ ࡝ ; (proper) chanto shita … ࡔࡶࢆ࡛ࡊࡒ…; (considerable) chótto shíta … ࡔࡺࡖ࡛ࡊࡒ… respective adj sorézore no … ࡐࡿ ࡑࡿࡡ…, onóono no … ྘ࠍ>࠽ ࡡ࠽ࡡ@ࡡ…, kaku … ྘... respiration n kokyü ࿣ྺ respond v kotaemásu ➽࠻ࡱࡌ; ø-jimásu ᚺࡋࡱࡌ response n kotáé ➽࠻, resuponsu ࣝࢪ࣎ࣤࢪ, resu ࣝࢪ responsibility n sekinin ㈈௴; (charge) tantø ᢰᙔ; (cause) gen’in ཋᅄ; sense of responsibility n sekinin-kan ㈈௴វ responsible; ~ for (is in charge of) … o tantø shite imásu … ࢅᢰᙔ ࡊ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ; (is the cause of) … no gen’in desu …ࡡཋᅄ࡚ࡌ; responsible person n sekinín-sha ㈈ ௴⩽; (the one in charge) tantø´sha ᢰᙔ⩽ rest 1. n (a break/pause) (o-) yasumi ࠽ ఆࡲ, kyukei ఆ៹ 2. n the ~ (remainder) nokorí ṟ ࡽ; 3. v (takes a ~) yasumimásu ఆࡲࡱࡌ restaurant n résutoran ࣝࢪࢹࣚࣤ; ryørí-ten/-ya ᩩ⌦ᗉᒁ restoration n kaifuku ᅂᚗ, fukugen ᚗඔ restrain v osaemásu ᢒ࠻ࡱࡌ;



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reverse



properly restrained iikagen (na) ࠷࠷ຊ΅࡝ restrict v seigén/gentei shimásu โ 㝀㝀ᏽࡊࡱࡌ restriction n seigén โ㝀, gentei 㝀ᏽ result n kekka ⤎ᯕ; (outcome) séika ᠺᯕ; (marks, grades) seiseki ᠺ⦴; experimental result n jikken kekka ᐁ㥺ᠺᯕ; laboratory results n kensa kekka ᳠ᰕ⤎ᯕ resume 1. n rireki-sho ᒓṌ᭡ 2. v (continues) saikai shimásu ්㛜 ࡊࡱࡌ retail 1. n ko-uri ᑚ኉ 2. v (~s it) ko-uri shimásu ᑚ኉ࡽࡊࡱࡌ; retail price n ᑚ኉౮᰹ retailer n ko-uri gyøsha ᑚ኉ᴏ⩽ retain v (keeps it) kakaemásu ᢢ࠻ ࡱࡌ reticence n (go-)enryo ࡇ 㐪៎ retire v 1. (from job) intai/taishoku shimásu ᘤ㏝㏝⫃ࡊࡱࡌ 2. (withdraws) shirizokimásu ㏝ࡀ ࡱࡌ, híki-torimásu ᘤࡀཱིࡽࡱࡌ retirement n intai ᘤ㏝, taishoku ㏝ ⫃; retirement pension n taishokunénkin ㏝⫃ᖳ㔘 retort 1. v (refutes) hanron shimásu ཬㄵࡌࡾ, iikaeshimásu ゕ࠷㏁ࡊࡱࡌ 2. v (revenges) shikae shimasu ௘㏁ࡊࢅࡊࡱࡌ 3. n (answer back) iikaeshi ゕ࠷ ㏁ࡊ retreat 1. n (escape) hinan 㑂㞬, (retirement) intai ᘤ㏝, (stay-athome) hikikomori ᘤࡀࡆࡵࡽ



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2. v shirizokimásu ㏝ࡀࡱࡌ retribution n bachí ⨡࣬ࡣࡔ return v 1. (reverses direction) modorimásu ᡘࡽࡱࡌ; (goes back/home) kaerimásu ᖉࡽࡱࡌ;



(comes back to where one is now) itte kimásu ⾔ࡖ࡙ᮮࡱࡌ; ~ from abroad kíkoku shimásu ᖉ ᅗࡊࡱࡌ 2. ~s it kaeshimásu ㏁ ࡊࡱࡌ; modoshimásu ᡘࡊࡱࡌ; (turns back) hiki-kaeshimásu ᘤࡀ㏁ࡊࡱࡌ 3. n (response) hentø ㏁➽; (replacement) henkyaku ㏁༴; (restoration) kaifuku ᅂᚗ; return trip n øfuku ryokø ᙸᚗ᪉⾔ reveal v morashimásu ⁻ࡼࡊࡱࡌ; (shows) arawashimásu ⌟ࢂ ࡊ ࡱࡌ; (makes it public) akíraka ni shimásu ᪺ࡼ࠾࡞ࡊࡱࡌ revelation n otsuge ࠽࿈ࡅ revenge v (… no) fukushü o shimásu …ࡡ ᚗㆮࢅࡊࡱࡌ revenue n 1. (governmental ~) sainyü ṋථ 2. (income) shünyü ཭ථ, shüeki ཭─ revere v uyamaimásu ᩏ࠷ࡱࡌ reverence n sonkei ᑕᩏ, uyami ᩏ࠷ Reverend n … bokushi …∶ᖅ, … shínpu …♼∏ reverse 1. n, adj hantai (no) ཬᑊ ࡡ , gyaku (no) ㏣ࡡ ; uragawa (no) ⿤ഁࡡ 2. v (turns around) gyaku [sakasama, hanten, hantai] shimásu ㏣>㏣ࡈࡱ࣬ཬ㌷࣬ཬᑊ@ ࡞ࡊࡱࡌ, uragaeshimásu ⿤㏁ࡊ ࡱࡌ



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revert



revert v modorimásu ᡘࡽࡱࡌ review 1. n rebyü ࣝࣄ࣭ࣖ, (study) fukushü ᚗ⩞; (criticism) híhyø ᢀビ, (commentary) hyøron ビ ㄵ 2. v (studies it) fukushü shimásu ᚗ⩞ࡊࡱࡌ; (criticizes



it/comments on it) híhyø/hyøron shimásu ᢀビビㄵࡊࡱࡌ; (considers it) kentø shimásu ᳠ ゞࡊࡱࡌ; movie review n eiga hyøron ᫆⏤ビㄵ revise v kaitei shimásu ᨭゖࡊࡱࡌ revision n kaitei(-ban) ᨭゖ∟ , køsei ᰧḿ revival n (regeneration) fukkatsu ᚗὩ, saisei ්⏍, ribaibaru ࣛࣁ



࢕ࣁࣜ → recover revive v (brings back to life) ikashimásu ⏍࠾ࡊࡱࡌ revoke v tori-keshimásu ཱིࡽᾐࡊ ࡱࡌ revolt 1. n hanran ཬ஗, hankø ཬ ᢘ 2. v somukimásu ⫴ࡀࡱࡌ; hanran o okoshimásu ཬ஗ࢅ㉫ ࡆࡊࡱࡌ revolution n (political) kakumei 㠁 ࿤, reboryüshon ࣭ࣝ࣍ࣛࣖࢨࣘ ࣤ; (revolving) kaiten ᅂ㌷ revolve v mawarimásu ᅂࡽࡱࡌ, kaiten shimásu ᅂ㌷ࡊࡱࡌ reward 1. n shøkin ㈱㔘, shø´yo ㈱ ୙; sharei ㅨ♡; (go-)hø´bi ࡇ ࡮࠹ࡦ࣬「⨶ 2. v ~s for (...shita) kai ga arimásu ...ࡊࡒ ࠾࠷࠿࠵ ࡽࡱࡌ; rewards and punishments shøbatsu ㈱⨡ rewrite; ~ it kakí-naoshimásu ᭡ࡀ



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├ࡊࡱࡌ, kakí-kaemásu ᭡ࡀ ᥦ࠻ࡱࡌ rhythm n rízumu ࣛࢫ࣑ rib n rokkotsu ࢀࡖ㦭࣬⫐㦭, abarabone ࠵ࡣࡼ㦭࣬⫐㦭 ribbon n himo ࡥࡵ࣬⣛, ríbon ࣛ࣍ࣤ; ink ribbon n inku ríbon ࢕ࣤࢠࣛ࣍ࣤ rice n (o-)kome)࠽ ⡷; (cooked) góhan ࡇ㣜, meshí 㣜; ~ boiled in a soup 㞟⅍; ~ boiled with red beans sekíhan ㉝㣜; rice bowl n chawan Ⲍ◿o-cháwan ࠽Ⲍ◿ ; rice cake n (o-)mochi ࠽ ࡵࡔ࣬ ࠽ ࣓ࢲ㹺࠽ 㣨; rice cooker n suihanki ⅍㣜ჹ; rice curry n (rice with curry) karë-ráisu ࣭࢜ࣝࣚ ࢕ࢪ; rice field n tá ⏛, tanbo ⏛ࢆ ࡯, suiden Ề⏛; rice wine → saké riceball n (o-)músubi ࠽ ࡳࡌࡦ࣬ ࠽ ⤎ࡦ; nigiri-meshi ࡞ࡁࡽ >ᥩࡽ@㣜; ~ lunch(box) makunóuchi (bentø) ᖞࡡහᘒᙔ rich adj (wealthy) kanemóchí (no) 㔘ᣚࡔࡡ , yüfuku (na) ⿩ ⚗࡝ , ritchi (na) ࣛࢴࢲ࡝ ; (abundant) yútaka (na) ㇇࠾࡝ , høfu (na) ㇇ᐣ࡝ ; is ~/abundant in … ni tomimásu … ࡞ᐣ ࡲࡱࡌ; rich person n okanemochi ࠽㔘ᣚࡔ rickshaw n jinríkísha ெງ㌬ riddle n nazo ㅞ, nazonazo ࡝ࡑ ࡝ࡑ ride 1. n (~ a vehicle) jøsha ஋ ㌬, (driving) doraibuࢺࣚ࢕ࣇ (horse riding) jøba ஋㤷 2. v …



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roar



ni norimásu …࡞஋ࡽࡱࡌ, … ni notte ikimásu …࡞஋ࡖ࡙⾔ࡀࡱ ࡌ; (sits astride) matagarimásu ࡱ ࡒ࠿ࡽ>㊤ࡽ@ࡱࡌ; gives a ~ to … v o nosemásu … ࢅ஋ࡎࡱࡌ ridge n (of roof) mune Ჯ ridiculous adj bakageta ࡣ࠾ࡅࡒ, bakabakashii ࡣ࠾ࡣ࠾ࡊ࠷ rifle n shøjü ᑚ㖘, raifurú (-jü) ࣚ ࢕ࣆࣜ㖘 , teppø 㕪◑ right 1. adj (adv) (not left) migi (no) ྎࡡ 2. adj (correct) tadashíi, íi ࠷࠷, yóku Ⰳࡂ 3. n (privilege) kénri ᶊฺ; just right adj píttári ࡧࡖࡒࡽ; That’s right. interj Sø´ desu. ࡐ࠹࡚ࡌ., Sonotø´ri desu. ࡐࡡ㏳ࡽ࡚ࡌ.; right after adv chokugo (ni) ├ᚃ࡞ ; right there adv chødo (a)soko (ni) ࡔࡺ࠹࡜ ࠵ ࡐࡆ࡞ ; right and wrong n zén-aku ၻᝇ rigid adj katai ᇻ࠷࣬◫࠷ rim n herí ࡫ࡽ࣬⦍, fuchí ࡨࡔ࣬⦍ rind n kawa ⓮ ring 1. n (on finger) yubi-wa ᣞ㍧, ringu ࣛࣤࢡ; (circle) wá ㍧, maru ୷࣬ළ࣬ࡱࡾ, en ළ࣬࠻ࢆ; engagement ring n konyaku yubiwa ፡⣑ᣞ㍧, engëji ringu ࢙ࣤ ࢣ࣭ࢩࣛࣤࢡ; wedding ring n kekkon yubi-wa ⤎፡ᣞ㍧ 2. v (a bell sounds) narimásu 㫾ࡽࡱ ࡌ; (sounds a bell ) narashimásu



rinse v yusugimásu ࡹࡌࡁࡱࡌ; susugimásu ࡌࡌࡁࡱࡌ riot n bødø ᬸິ, sødø 㥹ິ ripen v (it gets ripe) jukushimásu ⇅ࡊࡱࡌ, seijuku shimásu ᠺ⇅ ࡊࡱࡌ; minorimásu ᐁࡽࡱࡌ ripped; gets ~ off (overcharged) boraremásu ࡯ࡼࡿࡱࡌ, (robbed) yararemásu ࡷࡼࡿࡱࡌ rise 1. n (in price, wage, fee) híki-age ᘤࡀ୕ࡅ; gives ~ to … o okoshimásu …ࢅ㉫ࡆࡊࡱࡌ, shø-jimásu ⏍ࡋࡱࡌ 2. v (gets up) okimásu ㉫ࡀࡱࡌ; (goes up) agarimásu ୕࠿ࡽࡱࡌ, (climbs, sun rises) noborimásu Ⓡࡽ>᪴ ࡽ@ࡱࡌ; (stands up) tachi-agarimásu ❟ࡔ୕࠿ࡽࡱࡌ; (looms) sobiemásu ࡐࡦ࠻ࡱࡌ࣬⪿࠻ ࡱࡌ risk n risuku ࣛࢪࢠ; kiken ༱㝜 risky adj risukii (na) ࣛࢪ࣭࢞ ࡝ ; kiken (na) ༱㝜࡝ rival n teki ᩓ; kyøgøsha ❿ྙ⩽, raibaru ࣚ࢕ࣁࣜ rivalry n kyøsø ❿ண; in ~ with … ni taikø shite …࡞ᑊᢘࡊ࡙ river n kawá ᕖ࣬ἑ rivet n ribetto ࣛ࣊ࢴࢹ; byø 㗡࣬ ࡦࡺ࠹ road n michi 㐠, dø´ro 㐠㊨, (main road) kaidø ⾜㐠 road rage n køtsüjütai de no iraira 㫾ࡼࡊࡱࡌ ஹ㏳Ῠ⁣࡚ࡡ࢕ࣚ࢕ࣚ rink n aisu sukëto-jø ࢓࢕ࢪࢪࢢ࣭ roam v idø ⛛ິ ࢹሔ, (rørå) sukëto-jø ࣭࣭ࣞࣚ roar 1. n (a ~) unarí ࠹࡝ࡽ࣬ ࢪࢢ࣭ࢹሔ ၑࡽ 2. v (~s) unarimásu ࠹࡝



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roast



ࡽ>ၑࡽ@ࡱࡌ 3. v (rumbles) todorokimásu ࡛࡜ࢀࡀ>㎐ࡀ@ ࡱࡌ roast 1. n yaki-… ↕ࡀ…, …-yaki …↕ࡀ; rø´suto ࣭ࣞࢪࢹ; ~ beef/ chicken røsuto-bíifu/-chíkin ࣞ ࣭ࢪࢹࣄ࣭ࣆ/ࢲ࢞ࣤ 2. v (~s it) yakimásu ↕ࡀࡱࡌ; irimásu ࠷ ࡽ>⅏ࡽ@ࡱࡌ rob v (steals) nusumimásu ┈ࡲ ࡱࡌ; (plunders) ubaimásu ዞ ࠷ࡱࡌ; (robs it of …) kasumetorimásu ࠾ࡌࡴཱིࡽࡱࡌ; gets robbed (hit with a robbery) (gøtø ni) yararemásu ᙁ┈࡞ ࡷࡼࡿ ࡱࡌ robber n gøtø ᙁ┈, dorobø ࡜ࢀ࡯ ࠹࣬ἶᲤ; zoku ㈣ robot n robotto ࣞ࣍ࢴࢹ rock n (stone) ishí ▴, (crag) iwá ᒷ; (music) rókku ࣞࢴࢠ (also rock’n’roll rokkun-røru ࣞࢴࢠࣤ ࣭ࣞࣜ) rock v (it ~s) yuremásu ᥺ࡿࡱࡌ rocket n rokétto ࣞࢢࢴࢹ rocky adj iwa no øi ᒷࡡኣ࠷ rod n saó ࡈ࠽࣬➆; (curtain, etc.) róddo ࣞࢴࢺ roe n (caviar); salmon ~ ikura ࢕ ࢠࣚ, (salmon/trout) sujikoࡌࡋ ࡆ࣬ࢪࢩࢤ㹺➵Ꮔ, cod ~ tarákó ࡒࡼࡆ࣬ࢰࣚࢤ㹺㫑Ꮔ role n yakuwari ᙲ๪, yakú ᙲ, o-yakume ࠽ᙲ┘; (o-)tsutome ࠽ ຸࡴ roll 1. v (it ~s) korogarimásu ㌷ ࠿ࡽࡱࡌ, (sways) yuremásu ᥺



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ࡿࡱࡌ; (~s it) korogashimásu ㌷ ࠿ࡊࡱࡌ; (~s it up) makimásu ᕬࡀࡱࡌ 2. n (bread) røru-pan ࣭ࣞࣜࣂࣤ, (batå-)rø´ru (ࣁࢰ࣭) ࣭ࣞࣜ 3. n (a ~ of toilet paper) (toiretto-pë´på) hító-maki ࢹ࢕ ࣝࢴࢹ࣭࣋ࣂ࣭ ୌᕬ; ~ of (currency) bills satsu-taba ᮈᮨ romance n rómansu ࣏ࣞࣤࢪ, ren’ai ᜂយ, roman ࣏ࣞࣤ, røman ᾁ₌; romance novel n romansu shøsetsu ࣏ࣞࣤࢪᑚㄕ, ren’ai shøsetsu ᜂយᑚㄕ Romania n Rümania ࣭࣏ࣜࢼ࢓ romantic adj romanchikku (na) ࣞ ࣏ࣤࢲࢴࢠ࡝ Rome n Rø´ma ࣭࣏ࣞ roof 1. n yáne ᒁ᰷; (rooftop) okujø ᒁ୕ 2. v ~s a house uchi no yáne o fukimásu ᐓࡡᒁ᰷ࢅ ࡨࡀ>ⵄࡀ@ࡱࡌ rookie n 1. shinjin ᩺ெ 2. (game) shinjin senshu ᩺ெ㐽ᡥ, rükii ࣭࣭ࣜ࢞ room n 1. heyá 㒂ᒁ o-heya ࠽ 㒂ᒁ , (…-) ma … 㛣; …-shítsu …ᐄ; (tatami room) zashíkí ᗑᩔ o-zashíki ࠽ᗑᩔ 2. (extra space) yochi ఴᆀ, (leeway) yoyü ఴ⿩; Japanese-style room n washitsu ࿰ ᐄ; room and board n geshuku ୖ ᐙ; roommate n døshítsú-sha ྜྷᐄ ⩽, rümu-meito ࣭࣑࣒ࣜ࢕ࢹ; room service n rümu-så´bisu ࣭ࣜ ࣑ࢦ࣭ࣄࢪ root n né ᰷, near the ~ ne-motó ᰷ඔ; (cause) gen’in ཋᅄ; root



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rub



of all evil n shoaku no kongen ㅎ ᝇࡡ᰷″ rope n nawá ⦎࣬⧐࣬࡝ࢂ, tsuná ⥐࣬ࡗ࡝; rø´pu ࣭ࣞࣈ; mountain-climbing ~ záiru ࢧ࢕ࣜ rose n bara (no haná) ࡣࡼ>ⷬⷢ࣬ ࣁࣚ@ࡡⰴ rosy adj barairo (no) ࡣࡼⰅࡡ rot v kuchimásu ᮑࡔࡱࡌ, kusarimásu ⭁ࡽࡱࡌ rotate v kaiten shimásu ᅂ㌷ࡊ ࡱࡌ rotation n kaiten ᅂ㌷ rough adj 1. (coarse; wild) arai Ⲡ࠷>⢊࠷@, zatsu-… 㞟…;



(in texture) zárazara (shíta …) ࡉࡼࡉࡼࡊࡒ… ; (bumpy) dekoboko (no) ࡚ࡆ࡯ࡆ࣬ปผ ࡡ ; (approximate) øyoso (no) ࠽࠽ࡻࡐࡡ ; ømaka na ࠽࠽ ࡱ࠾࡝; daitai (no) ኬమࡡ 2. gets ~ aremásu Ⲡࡿࡱࡌ; gets a ~ idea of it kentø´ga tsukimásu ずᙔ࠿ࡗࡀࡱࡌ; rough road n dekoboko (shita) michi ࡚ࡆ࡯ࡆ ࡊࡒ 㐠; rough work n arashigoto Ⲡ௘஥ round 1. n, adj enkei (no) ළᙟ ࡡ , wa㍧, marui ୷࠷; ~ thing tamá ⋚࣬⌌; make ~ maruku shimásu ୷ࡂࡊࡱࡌ 2. n (game, match) raundo ࣚࢗࣤࢺ, shiai ム ྙ 3. ~s off v shishagonyü shimásu ᄿᤖ஫ථࡊࡱࡌ 4. adv (during) ... no aida-jü ...ࡡ㛣୯; marumeru ୷ࡴࡾ; final round n kesshø-sen Ửົᡋ; first-round match



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n (dai) ikkai-sen ➠ᅂᡋ, yosen ஢㐽; round-the-world adj sekai isshü (no) ୠ⏲ୌ࿔ࡡ; round trip (ticket) n øfuku(-kíppu) ᙸᚗ ว➚ rouse v okoshimásu ㉫ࡆࡊࡱࡌ route n sén ⥲; rüto ࣭ࣜࢹ; keiro ⤊㊨; (bus, train) rosen ㊨⥲ routine n 1. nikka ᪝ㄚ 2. (computer) rüchin ࣭ࣜࢲࣤ; routine work n o-kimari no shigoto ࠽Ửࡱࡽࡡ ௘஥, kima(riki)tta shigoto Ửࡱ ࡽࡀ ࡖࡒ௘஥; [BOOKISH] nichijø gyømu ᪝ᖏᴏຸ row 1. n (line) rétsu า, narabi ୩ ࡦ, (of trees) namiki ୩ᮄ; ... are in a ~ ... narande imásu ୩ࢆ࡚࠷ ࡱࡌ; (linked) in a ~ tsunagatte ࡗ࡝࠿ࡖ࡙ 2. v (a boat) kogimásu ࡆࡁ>₀ࡁ@ࡱࡌ 3. v (to quarrel) kenka shimásu ࡄࢆ࠾ ࡊࡱࡌ, køron shimásu ཾㄵࡊࡱ ࡌ; first row of seats n saizenretsu (no seki) ᭩๑าࡡᖆ royal adj ø (no) ⋜ࡡ ; royal family n 1. øzoku ⋜᪐, øshitsu ⋜ᐄ 2. (Japanese) køshitsu ⓒᐄ royalty n chosakuken ryø ⴥషᶊ ᩩ, (on a book) inzei ༰⛧; royalty basis n inzei høshiki ༰⛧᪁ᘟ; royal blend n roiyaru burendo ࣞ࢕ ࣕࣜࣇࣝࣤࢺ rub 1. masatsu ᦮᧷; (difficulty) konnan ᅏ㞬2. v (~s it) kosurimásu ࡆࡌࡽࡱࡌ, surimásu ᧷ࡽ ࡱࡌ, masatsu shimásu ᦮᧷ࡊࡱ ࡌ; (with both hands) momimásu



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rubber



ࡵࡲ>ᥛࡲ@ࡱࡌ 3. (it ~s) suremásu ᧷ࡿࡱࡌ rubber n gómu ࢥ࣑; (condom) sákku ࢦࢴࢠ rubbish n gomí ࡇࡲ࣬ࢥ࣐; kúzu ࡂࡍ࣬ᒆ, kuzu-mono ࡂࡍ∸࣬ ᒆ∸, garakuta ࠿ࡼࡂࡒ; rubbish bin n gomí-bako ࡇࡲ࣬ࢥ࣐⟵ rucksack n ryukkusakku ࣛࣖࢴࢠ ࢦࢴࢠ rudder n káji ࠾ࡋ࣬⯞ rude adj búrei (na) ↋♡࡝ ; buénryo (na) ↋㐪៎࡝ rudiment n (basic) kiso ᇱ♇ ruffian n abare-mono ᬸࡿ⩽ rug n shíki-mono ᩔ∸, jü´tan ࡋ ࡸ࠹ࡒࢆ࣬⤟Ạ rugby n ragubii ࣚࢡࣄ࣭ ruin 1. ~s it v damé ni shimásu ࡓ ࡴ>㥇┘@࡞ࡊࡱࡌ; arashimásu Ⲡࡼࡊࡱࡌ; ~ one’s health karada o kowashimásu మࢅቪࡊ ࡱࡌ࣬࠾ࡼࡓࢅࡆࢂࡊࡱࡌ 2. goes to ~ v aremásu Ⲡࡿࡱࡌ 3. ruins n iseki 㐿㊟ rule 1. n (regulation) kísóku ぜ์, kítei ぜᏽ; rü´ru ࣭ࣜࣜ; (law) høsoku Ἢ์, hø´ Ἢ 2. v shihai shimásu ᨥ㒼ࡊࡱࡌ ruler n (to measure with) jø´gi ᏽ ぜ, (foot rule) monosáshí ∸ᕣࡊ rum n ramu-shu ࣑ࣚ㒿 rumble v todorokimásu ࡛࡜ࢀࡀ >㎐ࡀ@ࡱࡌ rumor n uwasa ࠹ࢂࡈ࣬ფ run 1. n (dash) kyøsø ❿㉦; (exercise) ranning ࣚࣤࢼࣤࢡ



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3. v hashirimásu ㉦ࡽࡱࡌ, (gallops) kakemásu 㥉ࡄࡱࡌ; ~s a marathon marason o shimásu ࣏ ࣚࢮࣤࢅࡊࡱࡌ 4. v (connects) tsü-jimásu ㏳ࡋࡱࡌ 5. v (oper-



ates a machine) unten shimásu 㐘㌷ࡊࡱࡌ 6. v (manages, operates a business) keihei shimásu ⤊ႜࡊࡱࡌ; run along v (side) soimásu Ἒ࠷ࡱࡌ; run away v (flees) nigemásu ㏠ࡅࡱࡌ, ochimásu ⴘࡔࡱࡌ; (from home) (uchi o) tobi-dashimásu ᐓࢅ 㣍ࡦฝࡊࡱࡌ, iede shimásu ᐓฝ ࡊࡱࡌ; run fast v (timepiece) susumimásu 㐅ࡲࡱࡌ; run into v ① → collide ② → meet ③ (comes to the end of a street) tsukiatarimásu ✲ࡀᙔࡒࡽࡱࡌ; run out v ① (dashes out) tobi-dashimásu ㊬ࡦ>㣍ࡦ@ฝࡊࡱࡌ ② it ~s out



(stock is exhausted) kiremásu วࡿࡱࡌ, (gets used up) tsukimásu ᑸࡀࡱࡌ ③ ~s out of … o kirashimásu …ࢅวࡼࡊ ࡱࡌ, … o tsukaitsukushimásu …ࢅ౐࠷ᑸࡂࡊࡱࡌ, tsukaihatashimásu ౐࠷ᯕࡒࡊࡱࡌ; (it sells out) uri-kiremásu ኉ࡽว ࡿࡱࡌ; run over v ① (a person) híkimásu ࡥࡀࡱࡌ࣬㎒ࡀࡱࡌ; gets ~ by … ni híkaremásu … ࡞ࡥ࠾ࡿ>㎒࠾ࡿ@ࡱࡌ ② → exceed; run overtime v jikan ga ø´bå shimásu ᫤㛣࠿࢛࣭ࣁ࣭ࡊࡱࡌ, jikan o sugimásu ᫤㛣ࢅ㐛ࡁ ࡱࡌ



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sadness



runner n rannå ࣚࣤࢻ࣭; søsha ㉦ ⩽; long-distance runner n chøkyori rannå 㛏㊝㞫ࣚࣤࢻ࣭; chøkyori søsha 㛏㊝㞫㉦⩽ rural adj inaka (no) ࠷࡝࠾࣬⏛⯃ ࡡ rush v isogimásu ᛬ࡁࡱࡌ; ø-ísogi de shimásu ኬ᛬ࡁ࡚ࡊࡱࡌ; with a ~ (suddenly) dotto ࡜ࡖ࡛; feels rushed aserimásu ↌ࡽࡱࡌ; rush hour n rasshu-áwå ࣚࢴࢨࣖ࢓࣭࣠ Russia n Róshia ࣞࢨ࢓; (Soviet Union) Sóren ࢮ㏻ rust 1. n sabí ࡈࡦ࣬㗭 2. v (it ~s)



sabimásu ࡈࡦࡱࡌ࣬㗭ࡦࡱࡌ rustic adj inaka (no) ⏛⯃࣬࠷࡝࠾ ࡡ , shisso (na) ㈹⣪࡝ ; yábo (na) ࡷ࡯>㔕ᬵ@࡝ rustle n sarasara/kasakasa to iu oto ࢦࣚࢦࣚ࢜ࢦ࢜ࢦ࡛࠷࠹㡚 rusty n sabita ࡈࡦࡒ࣬㗭ࡦࡒ rut n wa-dachi ࢂࡓࡔ࣬㎃ ruthless adj mujihi (na) ↋ិᝊ ࡝ ; reikoku (na) ෫㓖࡝ Rwanda n Ruwanda ࣜ࣠ࣤࢱ Ryukyu (islands) n Ryükyü´ ⌨⌣ (= Okinawa)



S Sabbath n ansoku-bi Ꮽ᜝᪝ sabotage n bøgai køsaku ጄᐐᕝష, hakai køsaku ◒ቪᕝష, sabotåju ࢦ࣍ࢰ࣭ࢩࣖ saccharin n sakkarin ࢦࢴ࢜ࣛࣤ sack 1. n (bag) fukuró ⾼, (large bag) økina fukuro ኬࡀ࡝⾼ 2. n (pillage) ryakudatsu ␆ዞ 3. n (dismissal from employment) kaiko ゆ㞘 4. (bed) beddo ࣊ࢴ ࢺ, shindai ᐱྋ 5. v kaiko shimásu ゆ㞘ࡊࡱࡌ 6. v [INFORMAL] kubi ni shimásu 㤫࡞ࡊࡱࡌ sacking n (cloth) asa nuno 㯖ᕱ sacrament n seireiten ⪯♡඼ sacred adj 1. (holy) shinsei (na) ♼ ⪯࡝ 2. (religious) shükyø-teki (na) ᏺᩅⓏ࡝, shükyø (no) ᏺᩅ ࡡ; sacred building n sei-dø ⪯ᇸ



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sacrifice 1. n gisei ≓∽, ikenie ⏍ࡄ ㉌࣬࠷ࡄ࡞࠻; makes a ~ (scapegoat) of … o gisei ni shimásu …ࢅ≓∽࡞ࡊࡱࡌ; 2. is sacrificed v gisei ni narimásu ࢅ ≓∽࡞࡝ࡽࡱࡌ sad adj 1. kanashii ᝊࡊ࠷࣬࠾࡝ ࡊ࠷; to be ~ kanashimimásu ᝊ ࡊࡲࡱࡌ࣬࠾࡝ࡊࡲࡱࡌ 2. (regrettable) zannen (na) ṟᛍ࡝ 3. (miserable) mijime (na) ᝲࡴ ࣬ࡲࡋࡴ࡝ 4. (deplorable) nagekawashii Ⴟ࠾ࢂࡊ࠷࣬࡝ࡅ ࠾ࢂࡊ࠷; look sad v kanashisø ni miemásu ᝊࡊࡐ࠹࡞ず࠻ࡱࡌ saddle 1. n (for horse) kurá ࡂࡼ࣬ 㠙 2. n (of bicycle) sadoru ࢦࢺࣜ 3. v owasemásu ㇿࢂࡎࡱࡌ sadness n kanashimi ᝊࡊࡲ࣬࠾࡝ࡊࡲ



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safari



safari n safari ࢦࣆ࢒ࣛ, shuryø (ryokø) ≹⊗᪉⾔ , tanken (ryokø) ᥀᳠᪉⾔ ; safari park n safari påku ࢦࣆ࢒ࣛࣂ࣭ࢠ safe 1. adj (harmproof) anzen (na) Ꮽධ࡝ ; (reliable) daijø´bu (na) ኬ୓ኰ࣬ࡓ࠷ࡋࡺ࠹ࡩ ࡝ , jøbu (na) ୓ኰ࡝ ; (steady) te-gatai ᡥᇻ࠷; (certain) táshika (na) ☔࠾࡝ ; kakujitsu (na) ☔ ᐁ࡝ 2. n (strongbox) kínko 㔘ᗔ 3. to be on the ~ side nen no tamé (ni) ᛍࡡࡒࡴ>Ⅵ@࡞ ; safe and sound adj buji (ni) ↋஥࡞ safeguard 1. n (protection) hogo ಕ㆜ 2. n (safety device) anzen søchi Ꮽධ⿞⨠ 3. v hógo shimásu ಕ㆜ࡊࡱࡌ safely adv (harmfree, without incident) búji (ni) ↋஥࡞ ; (for sure) chanto ࡔࡶࢆ࡛, táshika (ni) ☔࠾࡞ safety n anzen Ꮽධ; safety belt n anzén beruto Ꮽධ࣊ࣜࢹ; safety first n anzen daiichi Ꮽධ➠ୌ; safety pin n anzénpín Ꮽධࣅࣤ sag v tarumimásu ࡒࡾࡲࡱࡌ, tawamimásu ࡒࢂࡲࡱࡌ saga n 1. såga ࢦ࣭࢝ 2. (tales of



Sahara sabaku ࢦࣀࣚ▹₅ sail 1. n ho ᕲ 2. v (makes a voyage) køkai shimásu ⯗ᾇ ࡊࡱࡌ sailor n funánori ⯢஋ࡽ, súifu Ề ኰ, sërå ࢬ࣭࣭ࣚ; (member of the crew) sen’in ⯢ဤ; (navy enlisted person) súihei Ềඹ saint n seija ⪯⩽, seijin ⪯ெ saké n (rice wine) (o-)sake ࠽ 㒿, Nihon-shu ᪝ᮇ㒿; sweet ~ (for cooking) mirin ࡲࡽࢆ࣐࣬ࣛ ࣤ࣬࿝㓜; ~ cup (o-)chóko ࠽ ࡔࡺࡆ, (o-)sakazuki ࠽ ᮴; ~ offered to the gods o-miki ࠽♼㒿 ࣬࠽ࡲࡀ sake; for the ~ of … no tamé ni … ࡡࡒࡴ>Ⅵ@࡞, for the ~ of doing … suru tamé ni …ࡌࡾࡒࡴ >Ⅵ@࡞ salad n sárada ࢦࣚࢱ; fruit salad n furütsu sarada ࣆ࣭ࣜࢵࢦࣚࢱ; salad dressing n sarada (yø) doresshingu ࢦࣚࢱ⏕ ࢺࣝࢴࢨࣤࢡ salaried man n sararii man ࢦࣚ ࣭࣏ࣛࣤ, kaisha-in ఌ♣ဤ, kyüryø-tori ⤝ᩩཱིࡽ࣬⤝ᩩ࡛ࡽ salary n høkyü ಥ⤝, (o-)kyü´ryø ࠽ ⤝ᩩ, sárarii ࢦ࣭ࣚࣛ; adventure) bøken monogatari (monthly) gekkyü ᭮⤝ ා㝜∸ㄊ 3. n (tale of heroism) sale n hanbai ㈅኉; hatsubai Ⓠ኉; eiyüden ⱝ㞕ఎ, eiyü monogatari (special) uridashi ኉ࡽฝࡊ, (bågen)seru ࣁ࣭ࢣࣤ ࢬ࣭ࣜ; ⱝ㞕∸ㄊ sage n 1. (wise person) kenja ㈴⩽, ~ goods/item, (something) for ~ kenjin ㈴ெ 2. (saint) seija ⪯⩽, uri-mono ኉ࡽ∸ sales agency n hanbai-moto ㈅኉ seijin ⪯ெ → saint Sahara n Sahara ࢦࣀࣚ; ~ desert ඔ, hanbai dairi-ten ㈅኉௥⌦ᗉ



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sapling



sales assistant n ten’in ᗉဤ, uriko ኉ࡽᏄ, hanbai-in ㈅኉ဤ saliva n tsúba ࡗࡣ࣬ࢵࣁ࣬ၖ, tsubakí ࡗࡣࡀ࣬ࢵࣁ࢞࣬ၖ, [BOOKISH] daeki ၖᾦ࣬ࡓ࠻ࡀ salmon n sáke ࡈࡄ࣬ࢦࢢ࣬㩤, såmon ࢦ࣭࣓ࣤ, sháke ࢨࣔࢢ࣬ 㩤 salon n saron ࢦࣞࣤ saloon n 1. (great hall) (ø-)hiroma ኬ ᗀ㛣 2. (bar) sakaba 㒿ሔ salt n (o-)shío ࠽ ሲ࣬࠽ ࡊ࠽; table ~ shokúen 㣏ሲ salty adj shio-karái ሲ㎖࠷࣬ሲ࠾ ࡼ࠷, shoppái ࡊࡺࡖࡤ࠷࣬ሲࡖ ࡤ࠷ salute 1. n keirei ᩏ♡ 2. v keirei shimásu ᩏ♡ࡊࡱࡌ salvage n hiki-age ᘤࡀᥥࡅ salvation n kyüsai ᨾῥ; Salvation Army n kyüsei gun ᨾୠ㌯ salve n 1. (ointment) nankø ㌶⭧ 2. (comfort) nagusame ័ࡴ࣬ ࡝ࡃࡈࡴ same 1. pron onaji … ྜྷࡋ…࣬࠽ ࡝ࡋ…, [BOOKISH] dø´(-) … ྜྷ … 2. adj/adv onaji yø´ (na/ni) ྜྷࡋᵕ࣬࠽࡝ࡋࡻ࠹࡝࡞ ; one and the ~ hitótsu ୌࡗ࣬ࡥ࡛ࡗ; ~ period dø´ki ྜྷ᭿ sample 1. n mihon ずᮇ, sanpuru ࢦࣤࣈࣜ 2. n (free ~) shikyøhin ム౩ဗ 3. v ( tries doing) (shi)-te mimásu ࡊ ࡙ࡲࡱࡌ samurai n (Japanese warrior) samurai ౜࣬ࢦ࣑ࣚ࢕, búshi Ṃኃ࣬ ࡩࡊ



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sanatorium n sanatoriumu ࢦࢻࢹ ࣑ࣛࢗ; hoyøchi ಕ㣬ᆀ; ryøyøjo ⒢㣬ᡜ sanctify v shinseika shimásu ♼⪯ ໩ࡊࡱࡌ sanction n [BOOKISH] seisai (sochi) โ⿚᥈⨠ sanctuary n 1. sei-iki ⪯ᇡ 2. (asylum) hinanjo 㑂㞬ᡜ 3. (church) kyøkai ᩅఌ sand n suna ▹࣬ࡌ࡝; ~ dune sakyü ▹ୢ࣬ࡈࡀࡸ࠹ sandal n sandaru ࢦࣤࢱࣜ; (Japanese traditional style) straw ~s zøri ⲙᒓ sandwich n sandoítchi ࢦࣤࢺ࢕ࢴ ࢲ; …-sándo …ࢦࣤࢺ sandy adj suna no ▹ࡡ, suna no yø (na) ▹ࡡࡻ࠹࡝ sane adj shøki (no) ḿẴࡡ San Francisco n Sanfuranshísuko ࢦࣤࣆࣚࣤࢨࢪࢤ sanguine 1. adj kaikatsu (na) ᛄὩ ࡝ , (happy-go-lucky) rakutenteki (na) ᴞኮⓏ࡝ 2. (optimistic) rakkan-teki (na) ᴞびⓏ࡝ sanitary adj eisei-teki (na) ⾠⏍Ⓩ ࡝ , eisei (no) ⾠⏍ࡡ ; ~ napkin (seiri-yø) nápukín ⏍⌦⏕ ࢻࣈ࢞ࣤ sanitation n eisei ⾠⏍, køshü eisei ප⾏⾠⏍ sanity n shøki ḿẴ, funbetsu ฦื Santa Claus n Santa (kurøsu) ࢦࣤ ࢰࢠ࣭ࣞࢪ sap v yowarasemásu ᘽࡼࡎࡱࡌ sapling n (tree) naegi ⱉᮄ



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sapphire



sapphire n safaia ࢦࣆ࢒࢕࢓ sarcastic adj hiniku (na) ⓮⫏࡝ , iyami (na) ᎒࿝࣬࠷ࡷࡲ࡝ , iyamippoi ᎒࿝ࡖࡰ࠷࣬࠷ࡷࡲ ࡖࡰ࠷ sardine n iwashi ࠷ࢂࡊ࣬࢕࣠ࢨ࣬ 㪿; shirasu ࡊࡼࡌ࣬ࢨࣚࢪ࣬ⓉᏄ sash n (girdle) óbi ᖈ࣬࠽ࡦ; (window-sash) mado-waku ✾ᯗ, sásshi ࢦࢴࢨ, sásshu ࢦࢴࢨࣖ Satan n satan ࢦࢰࣤ, ákuma ᝇ㨩 ࣬࢓ࢠ࣏ satchel n kaban ࠾ࡣࢆ࣬㠔 sate 1. v → satiate 2. n (skewered food) satë ࢦࢷ࣭ satellite n eisei ⾠᫅; sateraito ࢦࢷ ࣚ࢕ࢹ; satellite transmission n eisei chükei ⾠᫅୯⤽ satiate v (sate) tannø sasemásu ሎ ⬗ࡈࡎࡱࡌ satin n shúsu ࡊࡸࡌ࣬ࢨࣖࢪ࣬⧛ Ꮔ, sáten ࢦࢷࣤ satire n füshi 㢴ๆ satisfaction n manzoku ‫‮‬㊂ satisfactory adj yoroshii ࡻࢀࡊ࠷࣬ ᏿ࡊ࠷, mánzoku (na) ‫‮‬㊂࡝ , mánzoku dekiru ‫‮‬㊂࡚ࡀࡾ, nattoku (no) iku ⣙ᚋࡡ ࠷ࡂ satisfy v mánzoku sasemásu ‫‮‬㊂ ࡈࡎࡱࡌ; (fulfills) mitashimásu ‫ࡌࡱࡊࡒ‮‬ saturate v (soaks) zubunure ni sasemásu ࡍࡩ⃷ࡿ࡞ࡈࡎࡱࡌ saturation n [BOOKISH] høwa 㣤࿰; saturation point n høwa ten 㣤࿰Ⅴ Saturday n Doyø´bi ᅰ᭑᪝ sauce n sø´su ࢮ࣭ࢪ; (cooking)



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taré ࡒࡿ࣬ࢰࣝ; soy ~ (o-)shøyu ࠽ ࡊࡺ࠹ࡹ>࠽ 㓲ἔ@ saucepan n nabe 㘘࣬ࢻ࣊ saucer n (o-)kózara ࠽ ᑚ⓸, (o-) sara ࠽ ⓸; (for cup) uké-zara ུࡄ⓸; flying saucer n sora tobu enban ✭㣍ࡩළ┑ Saudi Arabia n Saujiarabia ࢦࢗࢩ ࢓ࣚࣄ࢓ sauna n sauna ࢦࢗࢻ sausage n sø´së´ji ࢮ࣭ࢬ࣭ࢩ sauté 1. n sotë ࢮࢷ࣭ 2. v itamemásu ⅏ࡴࡱࡌ࣬࠷ࡒࡴࡱࡌ savage 1. adj yaban (na) 㔕⺽࡝ 2. a savage n yaban-jín 㔕⺽ெ savanna n sabanna ࢦࣁࣤࢻ save v 1. (saves up, hoards) takuwaemásu ⵫࠻ࡱࡌ, (deposits money) chokin shimásu ㈋㔘ࡊࡱ ࡌ; (accumulates) tamemásu ࡒࡴ >‸ࡴ@ࡱࡌ 2. (curtails, omits) habukimásu ┤ࡀࡱࡌ; (economizes on) setsuyaku shimásu ⟿ ⣑ࡊࡱࡌ, ken’yaku shimásu ೛ ⣑ࡊࡱࡌ 3. → rescue savings n takuwae ⵫࠻࣬ࡒࡂࢂ࠻; installment ~ tsumitate-kin ✒❟ 㔘; savings account n yokin-kø´za 㡰㔘ཾᗑ, tsumitate-chókin ✒❟ ㈋㔘; savings box n chokin-bako ㈋㔘⟵ savior n 1. (one who saves/rescues) kyüsai-sha ᨾῥ⩽ 2. (messiah) kyüsei-shu ᨾୠ୹ savor v (tastes) ajiwaimásu ࿝ࢂ ࠷ࡱࡌ; ajiwai-tanoshimimásu ࿝ࢂ࠷ᴞࡊࡲࡱࡌ



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scatterbrain



saw 1. n (tool) nokogírí ࡡࡆࡁࡽ ࣬㗤 2. v (~s it) nokogírí de hikimásu ࡡࡆࡁࡽ>㗤@࡚ᘤࡀࡱࡌ; sawmill n seizai køjø ⿿ᮞᕝሔ, seizaisho ⿿ᮞᡜ saw v (did see) mimáshita ずࡱࡊ ࡒ; (met a person) … ni aimáshita …࡞ఌ࠷ࡱࡊࡒ saxophone n sakkusu ࢦࢴࢠࢪ; sakusuhøn ࢦࢠࢪ࣭࣌ࣤ say v (that …) (… to) iimásu …࡛ ゕ࠷ࡱࡌ; say it another way v ii-kaemásu ゕ࠷ᥦ࠻ࡱࡌ࣬ゕ࠷ ࠾࠻ࡱࡌ; Say there! interj Móshimoshi! ࡵࡊࡵࡊ! saying n kotowaza ࡆ࡛ࢂࡉ࣬ㅏ; kakugen ᰹ゕ scab n kasabuta ࠾ࡈࡩࡒ scaffold n 1. (for the execution) shokei dai ฌฬྋ; shikei dai Ṓ ฬྋ; køshu dai ⤘㤫ྋ 2. (framework) ashi ba ㊂ሔ scaffold n kasabuta ࠾ࡈࡩࡒ scald 1. n (mark on the skin) yakedo ࡷࡄ࡜࣬ℾഭ 2. v (~s) yakimásu ↕ࡀࡱࡌ, (gets scalded) yakemásu ↕ࡄࡱࡌ scale n 1. (measurement tool) sukëru ࢪࢢ࣭ࣜ 2. (fish) uroko ࠹ࢀࡆ ࣬ࢗࣞࢤ࣬㫛; scale down v shukushø shimásu ⦨ᑚࡊࡱࡌ; scale up v kakudai shimásu ᣉኬࡊࡱࡌ scales n (weighing) hakarí ⛏࣬ ࡢ࠾ࡽ scallop(s) n hotaté-gai ࡮ࡒ࡙>ᕲ ❟࣬࣌ࢰࢷ@ㇽ; (pin/razor/fan shell) taira-gi ࡒ࠷ࡼࡁ



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scalp n atama no kawa 㢄ࡡ⓮ scalpel n (geka-yø) mesu አ⛁⏕ ࣒ࢪ scamper v awatete hashirimásu ុ࡙࡙㉦ࡽࡱࡌ, isoide hashirimásu ᛬࠷࡚㉦ࡽࡱࡌ scan v sukyan shimásu ࢪ࢞ࣔࣤࡊ ࡱࡌ scandal n sukyándaru ࢪ࢞ࣔࣤ ࢱࣜ, [BOOKISH] fushøji ୘⚀஥; (disgrace) ojoku ỗ㎧ Scandinavia n Sukanjinabia ࢪ࢜ࣤ ࢩࢻࣄ࢓ scanner n sukyanå ࢪ࢞ࣔࢻ࣭ scant, scanty adj toboshii இࡊ࠷࣬ ࡛࡯ࡊ࠷ scapegoat n sukëpugøto ࢪࢢ࣭ ࣈࢥ࣭ࢹ; migawari ㌗௥ࢂࡽ → sacrifice scar n kizu-ato ഭ㊟ scarce adj sukunái ᑛ࡝࠷࣬ࡌࡂ ࡝࠷, toboshii இࡊ࠷࡛࣬࡯ࡊ࠷ scarcity n (shortage) fusoku ୘㊂; (… ga) sukunái kotó …࠿ ᑛ࡝ ࠷஥࣬ࡌࡂ࡝࠷ࡆ࡛ scare v odorokashimásu 㦣࠾ࡊ ࡱࡌ࣬࠽࡜ࢀ࠾ࡊࡱࡌ; bikkuri sasemásu ࡦࡖࡂࡽࡈࡎࡱࡌ࣬ྗ 㦣ࡈࡎࡱࡌ; harahara sasemásu ࡢࡼࡢࡼࡈࡎࡱࡌ scarf n sukå´fu ࢪ࣭࢜ࣆ scarlet n, adj sukåretto (no) ࢪ࣭࢜ ࣝࢴࢹࡡ , hiiro (no) ⥦Ⰵࡡ scatter v chira(ka)shimásu ᩋࡼ ࠾ ࡊࡱࡌ; barabara ni narimásu ࡣࡼࡣࡼ࡞࡝ࡽࡱࡌ scatterbrain n awate-mono ុ࡙⩽



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scenario



࣬࠵ࢂ࡙ࡵࡡ scenario n shinario ࢨࢻ࢛ࣛ; kyakuhon ⬦ᮇ; scenario writer n shinario raitå ࢨࢻ࢛ࣛࣚ࢕ࢰ࣭; kyakuhon-ka ⬦ᮇᐓ scene n (story, play) shíin ࢨ࣭ ࣤ; dán ṹ; bamen ሔ㟻; (sight) arisama ᭯ࡽᵕ࣬࠵ࡽࡈࡱ scenery n késhiki ᬊⰅ, fü´kei 㢴 ᬊ, (view) nagamé ╈ࡴ࣬࡝࠿ࡴ scent n kaori 㤮ࡽ࣬࠾࠽ࡽ, høkø ⰶ㤮 schedule 1. n (plan) yotei ஢ᏽ, sukejüru ࢪࢢࢩ࣭ࣖࣜ 2. n (timetable) yotei-hyø ஢ᏽ⾪, jikan-hyø ᫤㛣⾪ 3. n (daily routine) nittei ᪝⛤ 4. n (train) daiya ࢱ࢕ࣕ; (train timetable) jikoku-hyø ᫤็⾪; (list) hyø ⾪ 5. v yotei shimásu ஢ᏽࡊࡱࡌ, sukejüru o tatemásu ࢪࢢࢩ࣭ࣖ ࣜࢅ❟࡙ࡱࡌ, keikaku shimásu ゛⏤ࡊࡱࡌ scheme 1. n (plan) keikaku ゛⏤; (device) kufü ᕝኰ; (plot, trick) keiryaku ゛␆, hakarigoto ࡢ࠾ ࡽࡇ࡛࣬ㅓ 2. v (plot, plan) ... no keikaku o tatemásu ...ࡡ゛⏤ ࢅ❟࡙ࡱࡌ scholar n gakusha Ꮥ⩽ scholarship n shøgaku-kin ዜᏕ㔘; sukarashippu ࢪ࢜ࣚࢨࢴࣈ school n (educational establishment) gakkø Ꮥᰧ; suküru ࢪࢠ ࣭ࣜ; primary ~ shøgákkø ᑚᏕ ᰧ, middle (junior high) ~ chügákkø ୯Ꮥᰧ; high ~ køtø-gákkø



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㧏➴Ꮥᰧ, køkø 㧏ᰧ; tutoring/ cram ~ júku ሺ; in ~ zaigaku(chü) ᅹᏕ୯ ; coed school n kyøgaku භᏕ; driving school n (jidøsha) kyøshüjo ⮤ິ㌬ ᩅ ⩞ᡜ; (jidøsha) kyøshü gakkø  ⮤ິ㌬ ᩅ⩞Ꮥᰧ; school activity n kønai katsudø ᰧහὩິ; school age n gakurei (ki) Ꮥ㱃᭿ ; shügaku nenrei ᑯᏕᖳ㱃; school hours n jugyø-jíkan ᤭ᴏ᫤㛣; school textbook n (gakkø no) kyøkasho Ꮥ ᰧࡡ ᩅ⛁᭡; school year n gakunen Ꮥᖳ science n kágaku ⛁Ꮥ, sáiensu ࢦ࢕࢙ࣤࢪ, (study) gaku Ꮥ, ríka ⌦⛁ science fiction n esu-efu SF ࢙ࢪ ࢙࣬ࣆ , saiensu fikushon ࢦ࢕࢙ ࣤࢪ࣬ࣆ࢔ࢠࢨࣘࣤ scientist n kagákúsha ⛁Ꮥ⩽, saientisuto ࢦ࢕࢙ࣤࢷ࢔ࢪࢹ scissors n hasamí ࡢࡈࡲ࣬㗉 scold v shikarimásu ࡊ࠾ࡽ>ྌ ࡽ@ࡱࡌ scolding n kogoto ࠽ ࡆࡇ࡛ (o-)kógoto ࠽ ᑚゕ, o-shikari ࠽ࡊ࠾ࡽ>ྌࡽ@; (abuse) warúkuchi/-guchi ᝇཾ scoop 1. n sukoppu ࢪࢤࢴࣈ; [BOOKISH] hishaku ࡥࡊࡶࡂ࣬ ᯮᮠ, (one scoopful) hitó-mori ୌ┊ࡽ࣬ࡥ࡛ࡵࡽ 2. v (~s it up) kumimásu ࡂࡲ>Ủࡲ@ࡱ ࡌ, sukuimásu ࡌࡂ࠷ࡱࡌ࣬᥊ ࠷ࡱࡌ scooter n sukütå ࢪࢠ࣭ࢰ࣭



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scuffle



scope n hán’i ⠂ᅑ scorch v 1. (~es it) kogashimásu ↌࠿ࡊࡱࡌ 2. (it gets scorched) kogemásu ↌ࡅࡱࡌ score 1. n sukoa ࢪࢤ࢓, (game) tokuten ᚋⅤ; (~ points) tensü Ⅴ ᩐ; (musical ~) gakufu ᴞㆍ 2. v (makes a ~) ten o torimásu Ⅴࢅ ཱིࡽࡱࡌ࣬Ⅴࢅ࡛ࡽࡱࡌ scotch n (whisky) sukotchi ࢪࢤ ࢴࢲ scotch tape n serohan tëpu ࢬࣞࣀ ࣤࢷ࣭ࣈ, serotëpu ࢬࣞࢷ࣭ࣈ Scotland n sukottorando ࢪࢤࢴ ࢹࣚࣤࢺ scoundrel n akutø ᝇඨ scramble v 1. (mixes) kakimazemásu ࠾ࡀΊࡏࡱࡌ࣬ᥑࡀΊࡏࡱ ࡌ 2. (climbs) hainoborimásu ㏲ ࠷Ⓡࡽࡱࡌ࣬ࡢ࠷ࡡ࡯ࡽࡱࡌ 3. (fights) ubaiaimásu ዞ࠷ྙ࠷ࡱ ࡌ࣬ዞ࠷࠵࠷ࡱࡌ; scrambled eggs n iri-támago ࠷ࡽ༵࣬⅏ࡽ༵ scrap 1. n kúzu ࡂࡍ࣬ᒆ, danpen ᩷∞, kuzu-mono ࡂࡍ∸࣬ᒆ∸; (refuse) sukurappu ࢪࢠࣚࢴࣈ 2. v sukurappu ni shimásu ࢪࢠ ࣚࢴࣈ࡞ࡊࡱࡌ; scrapbook n sukurappu bukku ࢪࢠࣚࢴࣈࣇࢴࢠ scrape v kosurimásu ࡆࡌࡽࡱࡌ࣬ ᧷ࡽࡱࡌ scratch 1. v (scratches it) (hik)kakimásu ࡥࡖ ࠾ࡀࡱࡌ 2. n (a ~) hikkaki-kizu ᘤࡖ࠾ࡀഭ࣬ࡥ ࡖ࠾ࡀഭ scrawl 1. n hashiri-gaki ㉦ࡽ᭡ࡀ, naguri-gaki Ṹࡽ᭡ࡀ࣬࡝ࡃࡽ᭡



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ࡀ 2. v hashirigaki shimásu ㉦ࡽ ᭡ࡀࡊࡱࡌ, nagurigaki shimásu Ṹࡽ᭡ࡀࡊࡱࡌ࣬࡝ࡃࡽ᭡ࡀࡊ ࡱࡌ scrawny adj yase(koke)teiru ⑥ࡎ ࡆࡄ ࡙࠷ࡾ࣬ࡷࡎࡆࡄ ࡙࠷ ࡾ, yaseta ⑥ࡎࡒ࣬ࡷࡎࡒ scream 1. v himei o agemásu ᝊ 㫾ࢅ୕ࡅࡱࡌ࣬ᝊ㫾ࢅ࠵ࡅࡱࡌ, sakebimásu ྆ࡦࡱࡌ࣬ࡈࡄࡦࡱ ࡌ 2. n himei ᝊ㫾࣬ࡥࡴ࠷ screen 1. n (folding) byøbu ࡦࡺ ࠹ࡩ࣬ᒄ㢴 2. n (TV, computer) gamen ⏤㟻 3. n (movie) sukuríin ࢪࢠ࣭ࣛࣤ 4. v (examines) kensa shimásu ᳠ᰕࡊࡱࡌ 5. v (movie) ... o jøë shimásu ...ࢅ୕᫆ࡊࡱࡌ screw 1. n néji ࡠࡋ࣬ࢾࢩ 2. v



(tightens) (kataku) shimemásu ᇻࡂ ⥶ࡴࡱࡌ; screw up v dainashi ni shimásu ྋ↋ࡊ࡞ࡊࡱ ࡌ, [INFORMAL] mechamecha ni shimásu ࡴࡔࡶࡴࡔࡶ࡞ࡊࡱࡌ screwdriver n neji-máwashi ࡠࡋᅂ ࡊ࣬ࢾࢩࡱࢂࡊ scribble n hashirigaki ㉦ࡽ᭡ࡀ, nagurigaki Ṹࡽ᭡ࡀ script n kyakuhon ⬦ᮇ, daihon ྋᮇ scroll n maki-mono ᕬࡀ ∸࣬ ࡱࡀࡵࡡ; (hanging) kaké-mono ᤻ࡄ∸, kakéjiku ᤻㍀, kakéji ᤻ࡄᏊ scuba n sukyüba ࢪ࣭࢞ࣖࣁ; scuba diving n sukyüba daibingu ࢪ࣭࢞ࣖࣁࢱ࢕ࣄࣤࢡ sculptor n chøkoku-ka ᙦ็ᐓ scuffle n tsukamiai ᥏ࡲྙ࠷࣬ࡗ



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scurry



࠾ࡲ࠵࠷, tokkumiai ཱིࡖ⤄ࡲྙ ࠷࡛࣬ࡖࡂࡲ࠵࠷ scurry v (goes in haste) awatete ikimásu ុ࡙࡙⾔ࡀࡱࡌ࣬࠵ࢂ࡙ ࡙࠷ࡀࡱࡌ, (goes quickly) isoide ikimásu ᛬࠷࡚⾔ࡀࡱࡌ࣬࠷ࡐ࠷ ࡚࠷ࡀࡱࡌ sea n úmi ᾇ࣬࠹ࡲ, …-kai …ᾇ; Inland ~ Seto-náikai ℡ᡖහᾇ, ~ of Japan Nihón-kai ᪝ᮇᾇ; sea bass n suzuki ࡌࡍࡀ࣬ࢪࢫ࢞࣬ 㫲; sea bathing n kaisuiyoku ᾇỀ ᾆ; seafood n gyokairui 㨮௒㢦࣬ 㨮ㇽ㢦; sea level n kaibatsu ᾇᢜ; seamail n funabin ⯢౼; seaman n súifu Ềኰ; (navy) súihei Ềඹ; seashore n kaigan ᾇᓃ; seasickness n funayoi ⯢㓁࠷; seaweed-gelatin strips n tokoroten ࡛ࡆࢀ࡙ࢆ࣬ ࢹࢤࣞࢷࣤ seal 1. n (for stamping one’s name) hán(kó) ࡢࢆࡆ ࣬ึᏄ , ín ༰ 2. n (animal) azárashi ࠵ࡉࡼ ࡊ࣬࢓ࢧࣚࢨ࣬ᾇ㇦ ottosei ࢛ࢴ ࢹࢬ࢕ 3. v (~s a letter) (tegami no) fü´ o shimásu ᡥ⣤ࡡ ᑌࢅ ࡊࡱࡌ, mippü shimásu ᐠᑌࡊࡱ ࡌ, fusagimásu ࡨࡈࡁࡱࡌ seam n nui-mé ⦥࠷┘࣬࡟࠷ࡴ, tsugi-me ᥃ࡁ┘࣬ࡗࡁࡴ seamy adj 1. uramen (no) ⿤㟻ࡡ 2. (unpleasant) fukai (na) ୘ᛄ࡝ sear n yakekoge ↕ࡄ↌ࡅ search 1. n søsaku ᤒ⣬ 2. n (Internet) kensaku ᳠⣬ 3. v ~es for (seeks) … o sagashinásu …ࢅ᥀ ࡊ>ᤒࡊ@ࡱࡌ࣬…ࢅࡈ࠿ࡊࡱࡌ;



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searching for one’s lost child n maigosagashi ㏖Ꮔᤒࡊ; search party n søsaku-tai ᤒ⣬㝪 searchlight n såchi raito ࢦ࣭ࢲࣚ ࢕ࢹ, [BOOKISH] tanshøtø ᥀↯⅁ season 1. n kisétsu Ꮢ⟿; shíizun ࢨ࣭ࢫࣤ; jíki ᫤Ꮢ; jísetsu ᫤⟿ 2. v (flavors it) … ni aji o tsukemásu … …࡞࿝ࢅ௛ࡄࡱࡌ; four seasons n shiki ᄿᏒ; off-season n shiizun ofu ࢨ࣭ࢫ࢛ࣤࣆ; season ticket n teikí-ken ᏽ᭿ไ seasoning n (food) chø´mi ㄢ࿝, aji ࿝࣬࠵ࡋ; kagen ຊ΅࣬࠾ࡅࢆ seat n (o-)séki ࠽ ᖆ, zaseki ᗑ ᖆ, shiito ࢨ࣭ࢹ, koshi-káké ⭔ ᤻ࡄ; (bottom, butt) (o-)shiri ࠽ ᑶ; (taking a seat) chakuseki ╌ᖆ secluded adj hotozato-hanareta ெ㔓㞫ࡿࡒ, kakurisareta 㝰㞫ࡈ ࡿࡒ seclusion n kakuri 㝰㞫 second 1. adj ni-banmé (no) ஦␊ ┘ࡡ , futatsu-mé (no) ஦ࡗ┘ࡡ; the ~ day futsuka-mé ஦᪝┘, (of the month) futsuka ஦᪝ 2. n (of a minute) -byø ⛂ one ~ ichíbyø ୌ⛂; second floor n ni-kai ஦ 㝭; second generation n ní-sei ஦ ୠ; second time n nido-mé ஦ᗐ┘, nikai-mé ஦ᅂ┘ secondhand 1. adj chüko/chüburu (no) ୯ཿࡡ , furúi ཿ࠷ 2. n (goods) chüko-hin ୯ཿဗ; secondhand shop/store n risaikuru shoppu ࣛࢦ࢕ࢠࣜ࣬ࢨࣘࢴࣈ



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seize



secrecy n himitsu ⛆ᐠ, [BOOKISH] kimitsu ᶭᐠ; secrecy agreement n shuhi gimu keiyaku Ꮼ⛆⩇ຸዉ⣑ secret 1. n himitsu ⛆ᐠ, shiikuretto ࢨ࣭ࢠࣝࢴࢹ 2. n the secret (trick to it) táne ⛸ 3. adj (confidential) naisho (no) හ ⥬ࡡ ; secret agent n himitsu køsaku-in ⛆ᐠᕝషဤ secretariat n jimu-kyoku ஥ຸᑻ secretary n shóki ᭡エ; (private) hishó ⛆᭡; secretary of foreign affairs n gaimu chøkan አຸ㛏ᏻ secretion n bunpi ฦἢ sect n shüha ᏺὬ, ha Ὤ, habatsu Ὤ㛰 section n bú 㒂; ká ㄚ; sekushon ࢬࢠࢨࣘࣤ, …-ka …ㄚ; (area) chíkú ᆀ༇ sector n (area) chíkú ᆀ༇; sekutå ࢬࢠࢰ࣭ secure adj 1. is ~ chanto shite imásu ࡔࡶࢆ࡛ࡊ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ 2. feels ~ anshin shimásu Ꮽᚨࡊࡱ ࡌ 3. → get security n (stock, bond) shøken チ ไ; (secure feeling) anshin Ꮽᚨ sedan n sedan ࢬࢱࣤ sedative n chinsei-zai 㙘㟴๠; chintsü-zai 㙘⑚๠ sedentary adj suwarigachi (no/na) ᗑࡽ࠿ࡔࡡ࡝ sediment n kásu ࠾ࡌ࣬⁞; ori ࠽ ࡽ࣬⃞; chinden-butsu ỷẂ∸ sedition n sendø ᡢິ࣬ࡎࢆ࡜࠹ seduce v tarashi-komimásu ࡒࡼ ࡊ㎰ࡲࡱࡌ, yüwaku shimásu ㄇ



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ᝠࡊࡱࡌ seduction n yüwaku ㄇᝠ see v 1. mimásu ずࡱࡌ 2. (meets a person) … ni aimásu …࡞ఌ ࠷ࡱࡌ 3. (understands) wakarimásu ฦ࠾ࡽࡱࡌ; I see! Naruhodo! ࡝ࡾ࡮࡜ 4. ~s one off (mi-)okurimásu ず ㏞ࡽࡱࡌ seed n táne ⛸࣬ࢰࢾ seedy adj 1. tane ga øi ⛸࠿ኣ࠷ 2. misuborashiii ࡲࡌ࡯ࡼࡊ࠷ seek v busshoku shimásu ∸Ⰵࡊ ࡱࡌ→ search (for) seem v (like) … to miemásu … ࡛ず࠻ࡱࡌ, … (no) yø´desu … ࡡ ࡻ࠹>ᵕ@࡚ࡌ, … rashíi desu …ࡼࡊ࠷࡚ࡌ seemingly adv (outwardly) mikake wa ず࠾ࡄࡢ࣬ず᤻ࡄࡢ, mikake-jø ず࠾ࡄ୕࣬ず᤻ࡄ୕ seep v shintø shimásu ᾈ㏩ࡊࡱࡌ ࣬ࡊࢆ࡛࠹ࡊࡱࡌ, shimidemásu ᯹ࡲฝࡱࡌ࣬ࡊࡲ࡚ࡱࡌ, moremásu ⁻ࡿࡱࡌ࣬ࡵࡿࡱࡌ seesaw n shiisø ࢨ࣭ࢮ࣭ segment n bubun 㒂ฦ; segumento ࢬࢡ࣒ࣤࢹ segregate v bunri shimásu ฦ㞫ࡊ ࡱࡌ࣬ࡩࢆࡽࡊࡱࡌ, hanashimasu 㞫ࡊࡱࡌ seize v tsukamimásu ࡗ࠾ࡲࡱࡌ ࣬᥏ࡲࡱࡌ, toraemásu ᤍࡼ࠻ࡱ ࡌ, tsukamaemásu ᤍࡱ࠻>ࡗ࠾ ࡱ࠻@ࡱࡌ; (plunders) ubaimásu ዞ࠷ࡱࡌ࣬࠹ࡣ࠷ࡱࡌ; (illegally takes over) nottorimásu ஋ࡖཱི ࡽࡱࡌ࣬஋ࡖ࡛ࡽࡱࡌ



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seizure



seizure n 1. (illegal takeover) nottorijíken ஋ࡖཱིࡽ஥௲࣬஋ ࡖ࡛ࡽ஥௲ 2. (medical) hossa Ⓠష seldom adv métta ni ࡴࡖࡒ>⁓ኣ@ ࡞ + [NEGATIVE], hotóndo Ṝ࡜ ࣬࡮࡛ࢆ࡜ + [NEGATIVE]; (infrequently) tama ni ࡒࡱ࡞ select → choose; selection → choice selection n sentaku 㐽ᢝ; serekushon ࢬࣝࢠࢨࣘࣤ self n jibun ⮤ฦ; ji-… ⮤…; onore ᕤ; jíko ⮤ᕤ; hon-nin ᮇ ெ; self-assertion n jiko shuchø ⮤ ᕤ୹ᘿ; self-centered adj jiko chüshin-teki (na) ⮤ᕤ୯ᚨⓏ࡝ ; self-confidence n jishin ⮤ಘ; selfconscious; feels ~ agarimásu ୕࠿ ࡽ>࠵࠿ࡽ@ࡱࡌ; self-defense n jiei ⮤⾠, jiko bøei ⮤ᕤ㜭⾠; selfdiscipline n jiko tanren ⮤ᕤ㘣㘈; self-employed adj jiei (no) ⮤ႜ ࡡ , jieigyø (no) ⮤ႜᴏࡡ ; self-esteem n jisonshin ⮤ᑕᚨ; self-pity n [BOOKISH] jiko renbin ⮤ᕤ៧៻; self-respect n [BOOKISH] jison-shin ⮤ᑕᚨ; self-satisfaction n jiko manzoku ⮤ᕤ‫‮‬㊂ selfish adj katte (na) ົᡥ࡝ , jibun-kátte/-gátte (na) ⮤ฦົᡥ ࡝ , waga-mámá (na) ࢂ࠿ࡱࡱ ࣬ᠻ࠿౰࡝ sell v 1. ~s it urimásu ኉ࡽࡱࡌ 2. it ~s (well) (yóku) uremásu Ⰳࡂ ኉ࡿࡱࡌ; hakemásu ࡢࡄ ࡱࡌ; sell out v uri-kiremásu ኉ࡽ วࡿࡱࡌ



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seller n uri-te ኉ࡽᡥ; uri-nushi ኉ ࡽ୹; (dealer) hanbai-nin ㈅኉ெ semen n sei eki ⢥ᾦ semester n gakki Ꮥ᭿; semester final examination n kimatsu shiken ᭿ᮆム㥺 semicircle n hanshü ༖࿔ semicolon n semikoron ࢬ࣐ࢤࣞࣤ semifinal n jun-kesshø ‵Ửົ seminar n zémi ࢭ࣐, zeminå´ru ࢭ࣐ࢻ࣭ࣜ, seminå ࢬ࣐ࢻ࣭, køshükai ㅦ⩞ఌ seminary n shingakkø ♼Ꮥᰧ senator n jøin giin ୕㝌㆗ဤ send v okurimásu ㏞ࡽࡱࡌ, yarimásu ࡷࡽࡱࡌ, yosemásu ᐞࡎ ࡱࡌ; (a person) ikasemásu ⾔࠾ ࡎࡱࡌ sender n 1. (mail, etc.) hassønin Ⓠ ㏞ெ, okurinushi ㏞ࡽ୹ 2. (mail, e-mail, etc.) sashidashinin ᕣฝ ெ, søshin-sha ㏞ಘ⩽ send-off n (farewell) søbetsu ㏞ื, ~ party søbétsú-kai ㏞ืఌ senior adj (older) toshi-ue (no) ᖳ୕ࡡ ; (colleague, fellow student) senpai ඙㍦; (4th-year student) yonén-sei ᄿᖳ⏍; senior citizen (o-)toshiyori ࠽ ᖳᐞ ࡽ, røjin ⩹ெ, kørei-sha 㧏㱃⩽, kørei no hito 㧏㱃ࡡெ sensation n (feeling) kimochi Ẵ ᣚࡔ࣬Ẵᣚ, kimí Ẵ࿝; (sense) kankaku វつ; (excitement) sensë´shon ࢬࣤࢬ࣭ࢨࣘࣤ sense n sénsu ࢬࣤࢪ; common ~ jøshiki ᖏㆉ; ~ of honor taimen



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serious



మ㟻, [BOOKISH] renchí-shin ᗦ ᜕ᚨ; sense of humor n yümoa no sensu ࣭࣓ࣗ࢓ࡡࢬࣤࢪ senses; come to one’s ~ (recovers



consciousness) ki ga tsukimásu



hedatemásu 㝰࡙ࡱࡌ࣬࡫ࡓ࡙ࡱ ࡌ 3. v (they ~) wakaremásu ฦ ࠾ࡿ>ืࡿ@ࡱࡌ; (gets distant) hanaremásu 㞫ࡿࡱࡌ 4. v ~s it (from) … o hanashimásu …ࢅ㞫



Ẵ࠿௛ࡀࡱࡌ, me ga samemásu ┘࠿つࡴࡱࡌ sensibility n kankaku វつ sensible adj gøri-teki (na) ྙ⌦Ⓩ ࡝ , atarimae (no) ᙔࡽ๑ࡡ sensitive adj 1. binkan (na) ᨼវ ࡝ 2. (easily pained) kizutsukiyasui ഭࡗࡀࡷࡌ࠷, sensai (na) ⦼⣵࡝ , derikëto (na) ࢸࣛ ࢢ࣭ࢹ࡝ 3. (easily annoyed) shinkei kabin (no) ♼⤊㐛ᨼࡡ 4. (requiring caution) chüi ga hitsuyø na Ἰណ࠿ᚪこ࡝, chüi o haraubeki Ἰណࢅᡮ࠹࡬ࡀ sensual adj kannø-teki (na) ᏻ⬗ Ⓩ࡝ sentence n 1. (written) bún(shø) ᩝ❮ ; (spoken) kotó ஥࣬ࡆ࡛, kotoba ゕⴝ࣬ࡆ࡛ࡣ 2. (judicial verdict) hanketsu ึỬ sentiment n kanshø វഭ sentimental adj senchiméntaru (na) ࢬࣤࢲ࣒ࣤࢰࣜ࡝ ; o-senchi (na) ࠽ࡎࢆࡔ࡝ ; kanshøteki na វഭⓏ࡝ sentry n mihari ずᘿࡽ, hoshø Ṅဨ Seoul n Sóuru ࢮࢗࣜ separate 1. adj (different) betsu (no) ืࡡ ; barabara (ni) ࡣࡼࡣ ࡼ࡞ 2. v (~s them) wakemásu ฦࡄࡱࡌ; (gets them apart)



ࡊࡱࡌ separation n bun’ri ฦ㞫; bekkyo ืᑽ September n Ku-gatsú ஐ᭮࣬9᭮ septic adj (medical) haiketsu-sei (no) ᩃ⾉ᛮࡡ sequel n tsuzuki ⤾ࡀ࣬ࡗࡘࡀ, renzoku ㏻⤾ sequence n shiikuensu ࢨ࣭ࢠ࢙ࣤ ࢪ, renzoku ㏻⤾, (order) júnjo 㡨ᗆ, zéngo ๑ᚃ; in sequence adv junban (ni) 㡨␊࡞ serenade n serenådo ࢬࣝࢻ࣭ࢺ, sayo-kyoku ᑚእ᭜ serene adj odayaka (na) ✔ࡷ࠾ ࡝ ࣬࠽ࡓࡷ࠾࡝ , shizuka (na) 㟴࠾࣬ࡊࡍ࠾࡝ sergeant n 1. (army) gúnsø ㌯᭢ 2. (police) junsa buchø ᕙᰕ㒂㛏 serial n, adj rensai (no) ㏻㍍ࡡ , renzoku (no) ㏻⤾ࡡ; serial number n shiriaru nanbå ࢨࣛ࢓ࣜࢻࣤࣁ ࣭; tøshi bangø ㏳ࡊ␊ྒ series n (hitó-)tsuzuki ࡥ࡛ ⤾ࡀ; renzoku ㏻⤾; shiriizu ࢨ࣭ࣛࢫ; TV series n renzoku terebi bangumi ㏻⤾ࢷࣝࣄ␊⤄ serious adj (character) majime (na) ࡱࡋࡴ>┷㟻┘@࡝ ; (in earnest) honki (no) ᮇẴࡡ ; (heavy, grave) omoi 㔔࠷, jüdai (na) 㔔ኬ࡝ , shinkoku (na) ῕



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ENGLISH–JAPANESE



sermon



็࡝ ; taihen (na) ኬን࡝ , táishita … ኬࡊࡒ…࣬ࡒ࠷ࡊࡒ… sermon n sekkyø ㄕᩅ serpent n (snake) hebi ⺤࣬ࣉࣄ serum n kessei ⾉ΰ servant n meshi-tsúkai ྇ࡊ౐࠷; shiyø-nin ౐⏕ெ; yømú-in ⏕ຸ ဤ, kózukai ᑚ౐࠷ serve 1. n (games) såbu ࢦ࣭ࣇ 2. v (a meal) dashimásu ฝࡊࡱࡌ; ~ the rice wine, pour the saké (o-)shaku o shimásu ࠽ 㒻ࢅࡊ ࡱࡌ; serve a purpose v yakúni tachimásu ᙲ࡞❟ࡔࡱࡌ, yaku-dachimásu ᙲ❟ࡔࡱࡌ server n såbå ࢦ࣭ࣁ࣭ service n 1. (in restaurant, etc.) så´bisu ࢦ࣭ࣄࢪ 2. (maintenance and repair) afutåsåbisu ࢓ࣆࢰ࣭ ࢦ࣭ࣄࢪ 3. (utility) yakú ᙲ 4. (armed forces) gúntai ㌯㝪 5. (duty, work) kínmu ໂຸ 6. (games) såbu ࢦ࣭ࣇ; service area n så´bisu eria ࢦ࣭ࣄࢪ࢙ࣛ ࢓; service charge n tesü´-ryø ᡥᩐ ᩩ, såbisu-ryø ࢦ࣭ࣄࢪᩩ … serving(s) … -nínmae …ெ๑ serviette n (shokutaku yø) napukin 㣏༜⏕ ࢻࣈ࢞ࣤ servile adj iyashii ࠷ࡷࡊ࠷࣬༚ࡊ ࠷, hikutsu (na) ༚ᑿ࡝ , dorei no yø (na) ዦ㞌ࡡࡻ࠹࡝ sesame n goma ࡇࡱ࣬ࢥ࣏࣬⬄㯖 session n 1. sesshon ࢬࢴࢨࣘࣤ 2. (court sitting) kaitei 㛜ᘈ 3. (assembly) kai ఌ, kaigø ఌྙ 4. (meeting) kaigi ఌ㆗



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set 1. n (collection) kumí ⤄, hitó-kumi ୌ⤄; (array) soroi ᥖ࠷࣬ࡐࢀ࠷; makes (up) a ~ soroimásu ᥖ࠷>ࡐࢀ࠷@ࡱࡌ, makes into a ~ soroemásu ᥖ࠻ >ࡐࢀ࠻@ࡱࡌ 2. n (hair) sétto ࢬࢴࢹ 3. v ~s it (puts it there) okimásu ⨠ࡀࡱࡌ 4. → sit → settle → decide; set aside v atemásu ᙔ࡙ࡱࡌ࣬࠵࡙ࡱࡌ; set off/out v (departs) dekakemásu ฝ࠾ࡄ ࡱࡌ; set up v tatemásu ❟࡙ࡱࡌ; (provides) møkemásu シࡄࡱࡌ; (assembles) kumi-tatemásu ⤄ࡲ ❟࡙ࡱࡌ settle v (decides it) kimemásu Ử ࡴࡱࡌ, (fixes) sadamemásu ᏽࡴ ࡱࡌ; (completes) matomemásu ࡱ࡛ࡴࡱࡌ; (disposes of) shímatsu shimásu ጙᮆࡊࡱࡌ; (solves, resolves) kaiketsu shimásu ゆ Ửࡊࡱࡌ; (gets relaxed/calm) ochitsukimásu ⴘࡔ╌ࡀࡱࡌ; ~ down/in osamarimásu ཭>἖࣬ ⣙@ࡱࡽࡱࡌ࣬࠽ࡈࡱࡽࡱࡌ settlement n kimari Ửࡱࡽ; (solution) kaiketsu ゆỬ setup n 1. (organization) soshiki ⤄⧂ 2. (arrangement) settoappu ࢬࢴࢹ࢓ࢴࣈ, junbi ‵ങ, settei シᏽ seven n nána ୏࣬7, shichí ୏࣬7, nanátsu ୏ࡗ࣬7 ࡗ; sébun ࢬࣇࣤ seventeen n jü-nána ༎୏࣬17, jüshichí ༎୏࣬17 seventh adj nana-banmé (no) ୏ ␊┘ࡡ , nana-tsu-mé (no) ୏



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shamble



ࡗ┘ࡡ ; the ~ day nanoka-mé ୏᪝┘࣬7᪝┘, (of the month) nanoka ୏᪝࣬7᪝; ~ floor nanakai ୏㝭 several adj futatsú-mi(t)tsu (no) ஦ࡗ୔ࡗࡡ , ní-san (no) ஦୔ ࡡ , jakkan (no) ⱕᖱࡡ ; íkutsu ka (no) ࠷ࡂࡗ࠾ࡡ ; sü-… ᩐ… (~ days sü-jitsu ᩐ᪝, ~ people sü-nin ᩐெ) severe adj kibishíi ཚࡊ࠷࣬ࡀࡦ ࡊ࠷; kitsui ࡀࡗ࠷; (terrible) hidói ࡥ࡜࠷࣬㓖࠷; sibia ࢨࣄ࢓ sew v nuimásu ⦥࠷ࡱࡌ sewage n gesui ୖỀ, osui ỗỀ; ~ treatment plant gesui shori-jø ୖ Ềฌ⌦ሔ sewer n gesui-kan ୖỀ⟮ sewing n saihø ⿚⦥ sex n sei ᛮ, sékkusu ࢬࢴࢠࢪ; (the erotic) iró Ⰵ, éro ࢙ࣞ sexual adj sei-teki (na) ᛮⓏ࡝ ; make (a) ~ advance(s) kudokimasu ཾㄕࡀࡱࡌ sexual harassment n sekuhara ࢬࢠ ࣀࣚ, sekusharu harasumento ࢬࢠࢨࣔࣜ࣬ࣀࣚࢪ࣒ࣤࢹ shabby adj 1. (worn) tsukaifurushita ౐࠷ཿࡊࡒ 2. (wearing



ᮨ⦙, ashi kase ㊂ᯤ࣬㊂࠾ࡎ, køsoku døgu ᣂᮨ㐠ර 2. v soku-baku shimásu ᮨ⦙ࡊࡱࡌ, køsoku shimásu ᣂᮨࡊࡱࡌ, ashikase o kakemásu ㊂ᯤ࣬㊂࠾ ࡎࢅ࠾ࡄࡱࡌ shade n káge 㝔࣬࠾ࡅ; (of trees) kí no káge ᮄࡡ㝔, kokage ᮄ㝔 ࣬ࡆ࠾ࡅ; window ~ (mádo no) hiyoke ✾ࡡ ᪝ࡻࡄ shadow n káge ᙫ࣬࠾ࡅ, shadø ࢨ ࣔࢺ࣭, shadou ࢨࣔࢺࢗ, (from sunlight) hi-kage ᪝ᙫ; (of a person) káge-bø´shi ᙫἪᖅ shady adj (fishy) ayashii ᛱࡊ࠷, ikagawashíi ࠷࠾࠿ࢂࡊ࠷ shaft n shafuto ࢨࣔࣆࢹ, e ᯮ shaggy 1. adj mojamoja (no) ࡵࡋ ࡶࡵࡋࡶࡡ , kemukujara (no) ẗࡳࡂࡋࡶࡼࡡ 2. n (hairstyle) shagii ࢨ࣭ࣔ࢟ shake 1. v (~s it) furimásu ᣲࡽࡱ ࡌ࣬ࡨࡽࡱࡌ; yusaburimasu ᥺ ࡈࡩࡽࡱࡌ; ~ hands ákushu shimásu ᥩᡥࡊࡱࡌ; ~ out haraimásu ᡮ࠷ࡱࡌ 2. v (it ~s) furuemásu 㟀࠻ࡱࡌ, (sways) yuremásu ᥺ࡿࡱࡌ࣬ࡹࡿࡱࡌ 3. n (milkshake) (miruku-)së´ki ࣐ࣜࢠ ࢬ ࣭࢞; sheiku ࢨ࢘࢕ࢠ worn clothes) boro (boro no fuku) o kita ࡯ࢀ࡯ࢀࡡ᭱ ࢅ╌ shall 1. Shall I/we do it? Shimashø´ ࡒ, boro (boro no fuku) o kiteiru ka. ࡊࡱࡊࡺ࠹࠾. 2. → will ࡯ࢀ࡯ࢀࡡ᭱ ࢅ╌࡙࠷ࡾ, shallow adj asai ὰ࠷࣬࠵ࡈ࠷ (minari no) misuborashii ㌗࡝ࡽ sham adj mise-kake (no) ずࡎ࠾ࡄ ࡡࡲࡌ࡯ࡼࡊ࠷ 3. (unworthy), ࣬ࡲࡎ࠾ࡄࡡ (o-)somatsu (na) ࠽ ⢊ᮆ࡝ shamble n yoromeita aruki ࡻࢀࡴ shackle 1. n (fetter) sokubaku ࠷ࡒṄࡀ



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shame



shame n hazukashíi (kotó) ᜕ࡍ࠾ ࡊ࠷࣬ࡢࡍ࠾ࡊ࠷஥࣬ࡆ࡛ , hají ᜕࣬ࡢࡋ; (scandal) ojoku ỗ㎧ shampoo 1. n shánpü ࢨࣔࣤࣈ࣭ 2. v kami o araimásu 㧝ࢅὑ ࠷ࡱࡌ Shanghai n Shánhái ࢨࣔࣤࣀ࢕࣬ ୕ᾇ shape n katachi ᙟ, katá ᆵ; (figure) súgata ጶ, kakkø ࠾ࡖࡆ࠹࣬᰹ ይ࣬᜞ይ; (condition) guai රྙ share 1. n (portion) toribún ཱིࡽ ฦ, wake-mae ฦࡄ๑࣬ࢂࡄࡱ࠻; (allotment) buntan ฦᢰ 2. v → divide → Dutch treat 3. v ~s in, pays/does one’s ~ buntan shimásu ฦᢰࡊࡱࡌ shark n same ࡈࡴ࣬ࢦ࣒࣬㩢, fuka ࡨ࠾࣬ࣆ࢜࣬㫰, shåku ࢨ࣭ࣔࢠ sharp adj surudói 㗞࠷࣬ࡌࡾ࡜࠷, shåpu (na) ࢨ࣭ࣔࣈ࡝ ; (clever) rikø (na) ฺཾ࡝ ; gets ~ (pointed) togarimásu ᑞࡽ>࡛࠿ࡽ@ࡱࡌ sharpen v (pencil) kezurimásu ๎ ࡽࡱࡌ, togarashimásu ᑞࡼࡊ>࡛ ࠿ࡼࡊ@ࡱࡌ; (blade) togimásu ◂ࡁࡱࡌ shave v hige o sorimásu ࡥࡅࢅ้ ࡽࡱࡌ shaver n (electric) denki-kámisori 㞹Ẵ࠾ࡲࡐࡽ shawl n shøru ࢨ࣭ࣘࣜ she pron káno-jo ᙴዥ, anó-hito ࠵ࡡெ, anó-ko ࠵ࡡᏄ (but use



shear n øbasami ኬ㗉࣬ኬࡣࡈࡲ࣬ ࢛࢛ࣁࢦ࣐ shed n naya ⣙ᒁ; (storehouse) mono-ókí ∸⨠; (hut) koya ᑚᒁ sheep n hitsuji ⨲࣬ࣃࢵࢩ sheet n (of paper, glass, etc.) (ichí)-mai ୌ ᯓ; (bed ~) shíitsu ࢨ࣭ࢵ, shikifu ᩔᕱ shelf n tana Წ; enclosed shelves to-dana ᡖᲬ; book shelf n hondana ᮇᲬ, sho-dana ᭡Წ shell n kara Ṿ࣬࢜ࣚ; (of shellfish), kai-gara ㇽṾ࣬࢜࢕࢝ࣚ; (of tortoise etc.) køra ⏝⨮࣬ࢤࢗࣚ shelter n sherutå ࢨ࢘ࣜࢰ࣭, hinanjo 㑂㞬ᡜ shepherd n hitsujikai ⨲㣣࠷ sheriff n hoankan ಕᏭᏻ Shiba n Shíba Ⱒ Shibuya n Shibuya Ῠㆺ shield 1. n táte ┢࣬ࡒ࡙, shiirudo ࢨ࣭ࣜࢺ 2. v (protects) hógo shimásu ಕ㆜ࡊࡱࡌ; (covers) øimásu さ࠷>࠽࠽࠷@ࡱࡌ shift 1. v (it ~s) utsurimásu ⛛ࡽ ࡱࡌ 2. v (~s/changes it) ten-jimásu ㌷ࡋࡱࡌ 3. v (alternates) køtai shimásu ஹ᭨࣬ஹ௥ࡊࡱࡌ 4. n idø ⛛ິ 5. n henka ን໩, shifuto ࢨࣆࢹ; day shift n nikkin ᪝ໂ; night shift n yakin እໂ; shift key n (keyboard) shifuto kii ࢨ ࣆࢹ࣭࢞ Shikoku n Shikóku ᄿᅗ shilling n shiringu ࢨࣛࣤࢡ name, title, or role; often omitted) Shimbashi n Shínbashi ᩺ᶣ sheaf n taba ᮨ࣬ࡒࡣ shimmer 1. n yurameki ᥺ࡼࡴࡀ࣬



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shore



ࡹࡼࡴࡀ 2. v yuramekimásu ᥺ ࡼࡴࡀࡱࡌ࣬ࡹࡼࡴࡀࡱࡌ shin n suné ࡌࡠ࣬⬧ shine 1. n (gloss) tsuya ࡗࡷ࣬ࢵࣕ ࣬Ⰷ 2. v (it ~s) hikarimásu කࡽ ࡱࡌ, (gleams) kagayakimásu ㍜ ࡀࡱࡌ࣬࠾࠿ࡷࡀࡱࡌ; (the sun) terimásu ↯ࡽࡱࡌ; (polishes it) migakimásu ☳ࡀࡱࡌ 3. ~s on



(undershirt) shátsu ࢨࣔࢵ shiver 1. v zotto shimásu ࡑࡖ࡛ࡊ ࡱࡌ, furuemásu 㟀࠻ࡱࡌ, ononokimásu ឳࡀࡱࡌ࣬࠽ࡡࡡ ࡀࡱࡌ 2. n with a ~ zotto ࡑࡖ ࡛, samuke ᐨࡄ shock n shókku ࢨࣘࢴࢠ, [BOOKISH] shøgeki ⾢ᦹ shoe n kutsú 㠈࣬ࡂࡗ, (outdoor (illuminates) …o terashimásu … shoes) shita-baki ୖᒓࡀ ࢅ↯ࡼࡊࡱࡌ shogunate n bákufu ᖞᗋ; bakufushingle n íta ᯀ; ~s a roof íta de jídai ᖞᗋ᫤௥ yáne o fukimásu ᯀ࡚ᒁ᰷ࢅࡨࡀ shoot v 1. (~s at) uchimásu ᦹ >ⵄࡀ@ࡱࡌ ࡔࡱࡌ 2. (arrow) irimásu ᑏ shingles n (taijø-) hø´shin ᖈ≟ ࡽࡱࡌ 3. (~s to death) uchi␹⑀, herupesu ࣉࣜ࣋ࢪ koroshimásu ᦹࡔṽࡌ; shoot a Shinjuku n Shinjuku ᩺ᐙ film v eiga o satsuei shimásu ᫆ Shinto(ism) n Shíntø/Shíndø ♼㐠 ⏤ࢅ᧔ᙫࡊࡱࡌ; shoot for the stars ship n fúne ⯢࣬⯒, (steamship) v takanozomi o shimásu 㧏᭻ࡲ ࢅࡊࡱࡌ kisen Ữ⯢, …-sen …⯢; ship’s crew n sen’in ⯢ဤ shop n (store) misé ᗉ, uri-ba ኉ shipwreck n nanpa 㞬◒࣬ࢻࣤࣂ, ࡽሔ, shø´ten ၛᗉ, shoppu ࢨࣘ ࢴࣈ; …-ya …ᒁ, …-ten …ᗉ sønan 㐴㞬 shipyard n zøsen-jo ㏸⯢ᡜ shop v (does the shopping; buys) shirk v 1. okotarimásu ᛨࡽࡱࡌ, kaimono shimásu ㈑࠷∸ࡊࡱࡌ; namakemásu ᛨࡄࡱࡌ 2. noga- shop around for … v o busshoku remásu ㏠ࡿࡱࡌ࣬ࡡ࠿ࡿࡱࡌ, shimásu …ࢅ∸Ⰵࡊࡱࡌ; shop sakemásu 㑂ࡄࡱࡌ; shirk one’s job clerk n ten’in ᗉဤ v shigoto o okotarimásu ௘஥ࢅ shoplift v kapparaimásu ࠾ࡖࡤࡼ ᛨࡽࡱࡌ࣬࠽ࡆࡒࡽࡱࡌ; shirk ࠷ࡱࡌ, manbiki o shimásu ୒ᘤ payment v (shiharai o) fumitaoࡀ>ࡱࢆࡦࡀ@ࢅࡊࡱࡌ shimásu ᨥᡮ࠷ࢅ㊻ࡲ಻ࡊࡱࡌ; shopping n kaimono ㈑࠷∸, shopshirk responsibility v sekinin o noga- pingu ࢨࣘࢴࣅࣤࢡ; shopping remásu ㈈௴ࢅ㏠ࡿࡱࡌ, sekinin center n shoppingu-séntå ࢨࣘࢴ ࣅࣤࢡࢬࣤࢰ࣭ o kaihi shimásu ㈈௴ࢅᅂ㑂ࡊ ࡱࡌ shore n kishí ᓃ࣬ࡀࡊ, [BOOKISH] shirt n wai-shatsu ࡗࡂࡊ࡙@ࡷࡖ࡙ ࡲࡱࡌ; Good shot! interj Naisu shotto! ࢻ࢕ࢪ ࢨࣘࢴࢹ; have a shot at v (tries) tameshite mimásu ムࡊ࡙ࡲࡱࡌ shotgun n shotto-gan ࢨࣘࢴࢹ࢝ ࣤ; [BOOKISH] sandan-jü ᩋᙆ㖘 should → ought shoulder 1. n káta ⫢࣬࠾ࡒ 2. v



(carries on shoulders) shoimásu ࡊࡺ࠷ࡱࡌ, seoimásu ⫴ㇿ࠷ࡱ ࡌ, hikiukemásu ᘤࡀུࡄࡱࡌ; over-the-shoulder adj katagoshi (no) ⫢ࡇࡊ࣬⫢㉲ࡊࡡ ; shoulder blade n kenkøkotsu ⫢⏝㦭 shout 1. v (calls out) sakebimásu ྆ࡦࡱࡌ࣬ࡈࡄࡦࡱࡌ; (chants) tonaemásu ၌࠻ࡱࡌ࡛࣬࡝࠻ࡱ ࡌ; (yells) donarimásu ࡜࡝ࡽࡱ ࡌ࣬ᛛ㫾ࡽࡱࡌ 2. n sakebi-goe 572



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sibling



྆ࡦኇ, øgoe ኬኇ shove n, v tsuyoku oshimásu ᙁࡂ ᢪࡊࡱࡌ shovel n sháberu ࢨࣔ࣊ࣜ show n 1. (display) mié ずᰜ࣐࢙࣬ 2. (an exhibit) mise-mónó ずࡎ ∸, shø ࢨ࣭ࣘ 3. → movies → play show v 1. (displays it) misemásu ずࡎࡱࡌ 2. (reveals) arawashimásu ⾪ࡊࡱࡌ; (indicates) shimeshimásu ♟ࡊࡱࡌ 3. (tells) oshiemásu ᩅ࠻ࡱࡌ; show in v (ushers) tøshimásu ㏳ࡊࡱࡌ; annai shimásu ᱄හࡊࡱࡌ; show off v jiman shimásu ⮤ះࡊࡱࡌ; misebirakashimásu ずࡎࡦࡼ࠾ࡊࡱࡌ show up v arawaremásu ⌟ࡿࡱࡌ; (comes) miemásu ず࠻ࡱࡌ showcase n shø kësu ࢨ࣭ࣘ࣬ࢢ ࣭ࢪ, tenji-yø kësu ᒈ♟⏕ࢢ࣭ࢪ showdown n taiketsu ᑊỬ, dotanba ᅰቨሔ shower 1. n (bath) sháwå ࢨࣔ࣠ ࣭; sudden ~ niwaka-áme ࡞ࢂ ࠾㞭 2. v (takes a ~) sháwå o abimásu ࢨ࣭ࣔ࣠ࢅᾆࡦࡱࡌ; ~ on abisemásu ᾆࡦࡎࡱࡌ shred n kirehashi วࡿ❻ shredder n shureddå ࢨࣖࣝࢴࢱ࣭ shrew n gamigami on’na ࠿ࡲ ࠿ࡲዥ shrewd adj josai nai ዯᡧ࡝࠷ shrill adj kandakai ⏝㧏࠷; shrill voice n kiiroi koe 㯜Ⰵ࠷ኇ, kandakai koe ⏝㧏࠷ኇ, kanakiri-goe 㔘วࡽኇ



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shrimp n ebi ࠻ࡦ࢙࣬ࣄ shrine n (Shinto) (o-)miya ࠽ ᐋ; jínja ♼♣, (large) jingü´ ♼ᐋ shrink v chijimimásu ⦨ࡲࡱࡌ, chijimárimásu ⦨ࡱࡽࡱࡌ, (shortens, abridges) tsuzumarimásu ࡗ ࡘࡱࡽ>⣑ࡱࡽ@ࡱࡌ shrivel v chijimimásu ⦨ࡲࡱࡌ, shioremásu ࡊ࠽ࡿࡱࡌ shrub n kanboku ₜᮄ࣬࠾ࢆ࡯ࡂ, yabu ࡷࡩ࣬⸥ shudder v zotto shinmásu ࡑࡖ࡛ ࡊࡱࡌ࣬ࢯࢴ࡛ࡊࡱࡌ; with a ~ zotto ࡑࡖ࡛࣬ࢯࢴ࡛ shuffle v mazemásu Ίࡏࡱࡌ; ~ the cards toránpu o kirimásu ࢹ ࣚࣤࣈࢅวࡽࡱࡌ shut v 1. (~s it) shimemásu 㛚ࡴ ࡱࡌ; (a book, etc.) tojimásu 㛚ࡋ ࡱࡌ 2. (it gets ~) shimarimásu 㛚ࡱࡽࡱࡌ; (it puckers up) tsubomarimásu ࡗ࡯ࡱࡽࡱࡌ; ~ one’s eyes mé o tsuburimásu ┘ࢅ ╺ࡽࡱࡌ࣬┘ࢅࡗࡩࡽࡱࡌ; ~ up (not speak) damarimásu 㯪ࡽࡱࡌ shutter n (camera, etc.) sháttå ࢨ ࣔࢴࢰ࣭; (house or storefront) yoroi-do ࡻࢀ࠷>㙒@ᡖ, (rain ~s) amádo 㞭ᡖ࣬࠵ࡱ࡜ shy adj uchiki (na) හẴ࡝ , shai (na) ࢨࣔ࢕࡝ , hazukashíi ᜕ࡍ ࠾ࡊ࠷࣬ࡢࡍ࠾ࡊ࠷; acts ~ hanikamimásu ࡢ࡞࠾ࡲࡱࡌ, enryo shimásu 㐪៎ࡊࡱࡌ shyness n (go-)enryo ࡇ 㐪៎ Siberia n Shiberia ࢨ࣊ࣛ࢓ sibling n (brother) kyødai ඕᘭ,



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sick



(sister) shimai ጗ግ sick adj byøki (no) ⑋Ẵࡡ ; gets ~ and tired unzári shimásu ࠹ࢆ ࡉࡽࡊࡱࡌ→ queasy sickly adj byøki-gachi (na) ⑋Ẵ ࠿ࡔ࡝ sickness n byøki ⑋Ẵ side n 1. yoko ᶋ; -gawa ഁ 2. (beside, nearby) sóba ࡐࡣ࣬ ഁ࣬എ, (off to the side) hata ❻ 3. (of body) wakí ࢂࡀ࣬⬝; both sides ryø-gawa ୦ഁ; that side achira-gawa ࠵ࡔࡼഁ; (the) left side hidari-gawa ᕞഁ; (the) right side migi-gawa ྎഁ; the other side mukø-gawa ྡྷࡆ࠹ഁ࣬ࡳࡆ࠹࠿ ࢂ; this side (my/our side) kochira-gawa ࡆࡔࡼഁ; one side … the other side ippø´… (mø) ippø ୌ᪁ …ࡵ࠹ ୌ᪁; (party) senpø ඙ ᪁; which side dochira-gawa ࡜ࡔ ࡼഁ; your side sochira-gawa ࡐࡔ ࡼഁ; sideboard n shokki-tódana 㣏ჹᡖᲬ; side dish n (to go with the rice) okazu ࠽࠾ࡍ; side effect n fukusayø ๧ష⏕; side job, sideline n arubáito ࢓ࣜࣁ࢕ࢹ; sidestep v sakemásu 㑂ࡄࡱࡌ, [BOOKISH] kaihi shimásu ᅂ㑂ࡊ ࡱࡌ; side street n yokochø ᶋ୍; sidetracked; gets ~ dassen shimásu ⬲⥲ࡊࡱࡌ siege n høi ໜᅑ, høi køgeki ໜᅑ ᨯᦹ sieve, sifter n furui ࡨࡾ࠷࣬⠘, zarú ࡉࡾ sight n (scene) ari-sama ࠵ࡽࡈࡱ



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࣬᭯ࡽᵕ; (scenery) késhiki ᬊⰅ; (eyesight) shíryoku ちງ; sees the ~s kenbutsu shimásu ず∸ࡊࡱࡌ sightseeing n kenbutsu ず∸, kankø びක; ~ tour kankø-tsuå びකࢵ࢓࣭ sign 1. n (symptom) shirushi ࡊࡾ ࡊ>ᚡ@, chøkø ᚡು; (omen) zenchø ๑඗ 2. n (signboard) kanban ┫ᯀ 3. n (marker) hyøshiki ᵾㆉ 4. n (symbol) kigø エྒ 5.



v (writes one’s name) shomei shimásu ⨣ྞࡊࡱࡌ; signs and symptoms n (medical) chøkø to shøjø ᚡು࡛⑍≟ signal n shingø ಘྒ, aizu ྙᅒ, shigunaru ࢨࢡࢻࣜ signature n shomei ⨣ྞ, sain ࢦ࢕ࣤ significance n ígi ណ⩇ signpost n døhyø 㐠ᵾ, døro (annai) hyøshiki 㐠㊨᱄හ ᵾㆉ silencer n (gun) sairen-så ࢦ࢕ ࣝࣤࢦ࣭ silent; is ~ (not speak) damarimásu 㯪ࡽࡱࡌ silhouette n shiruetto ࢨ࢙ࣜࢴࢹ silicon n shirikon ࢨࣛࢤࣤ silk n kínu ⤩࣬ࡀ࡟, shiruku ࢨ ࣜࢠ; raw ~ kí-ito ⏍⣊࣬ࡀ࠷࡛ silkworm n (o-)káiko ࠽ ⺃࣬࢜ ࢕ࢤ sill n (window/door) ~ (mádo/to no) shikii ✾ᡖࡡ ᩔᑽ silly adj bakabakashii ࡣ࠾ࡣ࠾ࡊ ࠷ bakageteiru ࡣ࠾ࡅ࡙࠷ࡾ࣬ 㤷㮭ࡅ࡙࠷ࡾ



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sixth



silver n gín 㖗࣬ࡁࢆ, shirubå ࢨ ࣜࣁ࣭ similar adj onaji yø´ (na) ྜྷࡋࡻ࠹ >ᵕ@࡝࣬࠽࡝ࡋࡻ࠹࡝, hitoshíi ➴ࡊ࠷࣬ࡥ࡛ࡊ࠷, nita జࡒ, ruiji no 㢦జࡡ simple adj kantan (na) ⠾༟࣬࠾ࢆ ࡒࢆ࡝ , tanjun (na) ༟⣟࡝ , shínpuru (na) ࢨࣤࣈࣜ࡝ ; (easy) wáke-nai ズ࡝࠷࣬ࢂࡄ࡝࠷; (plain) assári shita ࠵ࡖࡈࡽࡊࡒ; (tastefully restrained) shibúi Ῠ ࠷࣬ࡊࡩ࠷; ~ (modest) tastes wabi ࢂࡦ࣬౦ࡦ simply adv 1. kantan ni ⠾༟࡞࣬ ࠾ࢆࡒࢆ࡞; (easily) wáke-naku ズ࡝ࡂ࣬ࢂࡄ࡝ࡂ; assári (to) ࠵ ࡖࡈࡽ࡛ 2. (merely) táda ࡒ ࡓ, … ni sugimasén …࡞㐛ࡁࡱ ࡎࢆ simultaneous adj døji (no) ྜྷ᫤ࡡ ; simultaneous translation n døjitsü´yaku ྜྷ᫤㏳ズ sin n tsúmi ⨝; záiaku ⨝ᝇ since 1. prep … kara …࠾ࡼ; (sono) áto/go ࡐࡡ ᚃ; ~ then sono-go ࡐࡡᚃ; (… ) írai … ௧ᮮ 2. conj … shite kara …ࡊ࡙࠾ࡼ 3. → because sincere adj makoto (no) ㄌࡡ , seijitsu (na) ㄌᐁ࡝ ; (heartfelt) kokóro kara (no) ᚨ࠾ࡼࡡ sincerity n seii ㄌណ, magokoro ┷ᚨ sing v utaimásu ḯ࠷ࡱࡌ singer n kashu ḯᡥ, shingå ࢨࣤ ࣭࢝ single 1. adj (for one person)



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hitóri no ୌெ>≺ࡽ@ࡡ 2. n (unmarried) hitori-mónó ≺ࡽ⩽, dokushin ≺㌗; single (room) n shínguru ࢨࣤࢡࣜ, shingururü´mu ࢨࣤࢡ࣭࣑ࣜࣜ sink 1. n (in kitchen) nagashí Ὦࡊ 2. v (it ~s) shizumimásu ỷࡲࡱ ࡌ; (~s it) shizumemásu ỷࡴࡱࡌ sip v suimásu ྺ࠷ࡱࡌ sir… …sama ...ᵕ࣬ࡈࡱ, …san ...ࡈࢆ siren n (sound) sairen ࢦ࢕ࣝࣤ sirloin n såroin ࢦ࣭ࣞ࢕ࣤ; sirloin steak n såroin-sutëki ࢦ࣭ࣞ࢕ࣤ ࢪࢷ࣭࢞ sister n 1. onna no kyø´dai ዥࡡඕ ᘭ; (older) ane ጗࣬࠵ࡠ, (o-) në´-san ࠽ ጗ࡈࢆ࣬࠽ࡠ࠻ࡈࢆ; (younger) imøtó ግ࣬࠷ࡵ࠹࡛, (o-)imøto-san ግࡈࢆ 2. (nun) sisutå ࢨࢪࢰ࣭ sit v (especially Japanese-style) suwarimásu ᗑࡽࡱࡌ࣬ࡌࢂࡽ ࡱࡌ, (on a cushion) shikimásu ᩔࡀࡱࡌ; (in chair) (koshi-) kakemásu ⭔ ᤻ࡄࡱࡌ site n (building lot) shiki-chi ᩔ ᆀ; genba ⌟ሔ; basho ሔᡜ situation n jøtai ≟ឺ, jøkyø ≟Ἓ, jítai ஥ឺ; (circumstance) ba(w)ai ሔྙ; (stage) kurai న; (location) íchi న⨠ six n rokú ඵ࣬6, muttsú ඵࡗ; shíkkusu ࢨࢴࢠࢪ sixteen n jü-rokú ༎ඵ࣬16 sixth adj roku-banmé (no) ඵ␊┘ ࡡ , muttsu-mé (no) ඵࡗ┘



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size



ࡡ ; the ~ day muika-mé ඵ᪝ ┘, (of the month) muika ඵ᪝ size n økisa ኬࡀࡈ, sáizu ࢦ࢕ࢫ skate, skating 1. n sukë´to ࢪࢢ࣭ ࢹ, rørå sukë´to ࣭࣭ࣞࣚࢪࢢ࣭ ࢹ 2. v sukë´to o shimásu ࢪࢢ࣭ ࢹࢅࡊࡱࡌ; suberimásu ⁝ࡽࡱ ࡌ; ice skating n aisu sukëto ࢓࢕ ࢪࢪࢢ࣭ࢹ; skateboard n sukëto bødo ࢪࢢ࣭ࢹ࣭࣍ࢺ sketch n shasei ෕⏍; suketchi ࢪ ࢢࢴࢲ; shitae ୖ⤦ ski, skiing n sukíi (o shimásu) ࢪ࢞ ࣭ࢅࡊࡱࡌ ; ski resort n sukii-jø ࢪ࣭࢞ሔ; sukii rizøto ࢪ࣭࢞࣬ ࣛࢯ࣭ࢹ skill n udemae ⭆๑; ginø ᢇ⬗; sukiru ࢪ࢞ࣜ skillful adj jøzú (na) ࡋࡺ࠹ࡍ>୕ ᡥ@࡝ , umái ࠹ࡱ࠷, takumi (na) ᕟࡲ࡝ ; (proficient) tassha (na) 㐡⩽࡝ ; (nimble) kíyø (na) ჹ⏕࡝ skim v (grazes) kasumemásu ࠾ࡌ ࡴ>᤾ࡴ@ࡱࡌ; ~ off kasume-torimásu ࠾ࡌࡴ>᤾ࡴ@ཱིࡽࡱࡌ skin 1. n hifu ⓮⭭; (of animal, potato, … ) kawá ⓮ 2. v (pares/ peels it) mukimásu ࡳࡀࡱࡌ࣬ ๡ࡀࡱࡌ, hagimásu ࡢࡁࡱࡌ࣬ ๡ࡁࡱࡌ; skin cancer n (medical) hihu gan ⓮⭭࠿ࢆ࣬⓮⭭⒬ skip v (leaves out) nukashimásu ᢜ ࠾ࡊࡱࡌ, tobashimásu 㣍ࡣࡊࡱ ࡌ; skip school gakkø o saborimásu Ꮥᰧࢅࡈ࡯ࡽࡱࡌ, zuru-yásumi shimásu ࡍࡾఆࡲࡊࡱࡌ



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skirt n sukå´to ࢪ࣭࢜ࢹ sky n sóra ✭; (heaven) tén ኮ; (blue, empty) aozóra 㟯✭ skydiving n sukai daibingu ࢪ࢜࢕ ࣬ࢱ࢕ࣄࣤࢡ slack adj yurúi ⥾࠷࣬ᘩ࠷࣬ࡹࡾ ࠷; gets ~ taruminásu ࡒࡾࡲ>ᘩ ࡲ@ࡱࡌ slacks n surákkusu ࢪࣚࢴࢠࢪ, zubon ࢫ࣍ࣤ slander 1. n warú-kuchi/-guchi ᝇ ཾ, [BOOKISH] hibø ࡥ࡯࠹࣬ㄞ ㅣ 2. v ... o chüshø shimásu ...ࢅ ୯ഭࡊࡱࡌ slang n zokugo ಐㄊ, surangu ࢪ ࣚࣤࢡ slant 1. n katamuki ലࡀ࣬࠾ࡒࡳ ࡀ 2. v (leans) katamukimásu ലࡀࡱࡌ࣬࠾ࡒࡳࡀࡱࡌ slap v hatakimásu ࡢࡒࡀ>྄ࡀ@ ࡱࡌ; hippatakimasu ᘤࡖࡤࡒࡀ ࡱࡌ; (one’s face) … no kao o uchimásu …ࡡ㢞ࢅᡬࡔࡱࡌ, ... ni binta shimasu ࣄࣤࢰࡊࡱࡌ slash n surasshu ࢪࣚࢴࢨࣖ; shasen ᩫ⥲, “/” slave n dorei ዦ㞌; yakko ࡷࡖࡆ ࣬ዦ sled n sóri ࡐࡽ࣬ࢮࣛ࣬ᶟ sleep 1. n (sleeping) nemuri ┸ ࡽ, ne ᐱ, suimin ╟┸; not enough ~ ne-búsoku ᐱ୘㊂ 2. v (sleeps) nemurimásu ┸ࡽ ࡱࡌ; yasumimásu ఆࡲࡱࡌ; (goes to bed) nemásu ᐱࡱࡌ; (a leg, etc.) goes to ~ (gets numb) shibiremásu ࡊࡦࡿࡱࡌ࣬⑯ࡿ



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smell



ࡾ; sleep soundly → sound asleep sleepy adj nemui ┸࠷࣬ࡠࡳ࠷ sleet n mizore ࡲࡑࡿ sleeve n (o-)sode ࠽ ⾿࣬ࡐ࡚ slender adj hosói ⣵࠷࣬࡮ࡐ࠷ slice 1. n suraisu ࢪࣚ࢕ࢪ 2. v → cut; piece slick adj subekkói ࡌ࡬ࡖࡆ࠷࣬ ⁝ࡖࡆ࠷ slide 1. n suberí-dai ࡌ࡬ࡽྋ࣬⁝ ࡽྋ, o-súberi ࠽⁝ࡽ 2. v suberimásu ⁝ࡽࡱࡌ slider n suraidå ࢪࣚ࢕ࢱ࣭ slight adj chótto shita … ࡔࡺࡖ ࡛ࡊࡒ… slip 1. n → slide 2. ~ out of ... v nuke-dashimásu ᢜࡄฝࡊࡱࡌ slippers n suríppa ࢪࣛࢴࣂ, uwabaki ࠹ࢂࡣࡀ࣬୕ᒓࡀ slippery adj suberi yasui ࡌ࡬ࡽ ࡷࡌ࠷࣬⁝ࡽࡷࡌ࠷; subekkói ࡌ࡬ࡖࡆ࠷࣬⁝ࡖࡆ࠷; Slippery (Area) ͆Surippu-jíko ø´shi” “ࢪ ࣛࢴࣈ஥ᨶኣࡊ” slipshod adj zusan (na) ࡍࡈࢆ >ᮥ᧕@࡝ slogan n surø´gan ࢪ࣭ࣞ࢝ࣤ, hyøgo ᵾㄊ slope n saká ᆊ sloppy adj zonzái (na) ࡑࢆࡉ࠷ ࡝ , zusan (na) ࡍࡈࢆ>ᮥ᧕@ ࡝ slot n kuchi ཾ, aná ✨ slot machine n (vending machine) (jidø-)hambái-ki ⮤ິ ㈅኉ᶭ; (gambling) surotto mashiin ࢪࣞ ࢴࢹ࣏ࢨ࣭ࣤ



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slow adj osoi 㐔࠷, surø´ (na) ࢪ ࣭ࣞ࡝ ; (sluggish) norói ࡡࢀ ࠷, yurúi ⥾࠷; (clock runs ~) okurete imásu 㐔ࡿ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ; slow motion n (film, etc.) surø møshon ࢪ࣭࣓࣭ࣞࢨࣘࣤ slowly adv yukkúri ࡹࡖࡂࡽ; (tardily, late) osoku 㐔ࡂ࣬࠽ࡐࡂ sluggish adj norói ࡡࢀ࠷ slum n suramu(-gai) ࢪ࣑ࣚ⾜  hinmín-kutsu/-gai ㈃Ằ❅⾜ sly adj zurúi ࡍࡾ࠷ small adj (little) chiisái/chitchái ᑚࡈ࠷/ࡔࡖࡔࡶ࠷, chíisa-na/ chítcha-na …ᑚࡈ࡝ࡔࡖࡔࡶ࡝ …; ko-… ᑚ; (fine) komakái ⣵ ࠾࠷; (~-scale) sasáyaka (na) ࡈ ࡈࡷ࠾࡝ smallpox n (medical) tennentø ኮ↓ ⑘࡙࣬ࢆࡠࢆ⑘ smart adj (intelligent) atamá ga íi 㢄࠿࠷࠷, rikø (na) ฺཾ࡝ ; (stylish) sumå´to (na) ࢪ࣏࣭ࢹ ࡝ , iki (na) ࠷ࡀ>⢃@࡝ smartphone n (multifunctional mobile phone) sumåtofon ࢪ࣏ ࣭ࢹࣆ࢚ࣤ smash v 1. (breaks it) kowashimásu ቪࡊࡱࡌ, kudakimásu ◃ ࡀࡱࡌ; (crushes it) tsubushimásu ₵ࡊ>ࡗࡩࡊ@ࡱࡌ 2. (it breaks) kowaremásu ቪࡿࡱࡌ, kudakemásu ◃ࡄࡱࡌ; (it crushes) tsuburemásu ₵ࡿ>ࡗ ࡩࡿ@ࡱࡌ smell 1. n (odor) niói ࡞࠽࠷࣬⮧ ࠷࣬໚࠷ 2. v (it ~s) nioimásu



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smelly



ENGLISH–JAPANESE



࡞࠽࠷>⮧࠷࣬໚࠷@ࡱࡌ, niói ࡄ>ᙆࡄ@ࡱࡌ 2. (~s it) hajikiga shimásu ࡞࠽࠷>⮧࠷࣬໚࠷@ másu ࡢࡋࡀ>ᙆࡀ@ࡱࡌ ࠿ࡊࡱࡌ 3. v (~s it) kagimásu sneakers n suniikå ࢪࢼ࣭࣭࢜, Ⴁࡁࡱࡌ zukkú-gutsu ࢫࢴࢠ㠈 smelly adj kusái ⮧࠷࣬ࡂࡈ࠷ sneeze n, v kushámi (o shimásu) smile 1. v níkoniko shimásu ࡞ࡆ ࡂࡊࡶࡲࢅࡊࡱࡌ ࡞ࡆࡊࡱࡌ࣬ࢼࢤࢼࢤࡊࡱࡌ; snore n, v ibikí (o kakimásu) ࠷ࡦ ࡀ࣬㰪ࢅ࠾ࡀࡱࡌ hohoemimásu ᚜➏ࡲࡱࡌ࣬࡮ ࡮࠻ࡲࡱࡌ 2. n (smiling face) snow n yukí (ga furimásu) 㞯࠿ e-gao ➏㢞; hohoemí ᚜➏ࡲ࣬࡮ 㜾ࡽࡱࡌ ࡮࠻ࡲ; [BOOKISH] bishø ᚜➏࣬ snowstorm n fúbuki ྻ㞯࣬ࡨࡩࡀ ࡦࡊࡺ࠹ so adv 1. (like that) sø´ ࡐ࠹ (sø smoke 1. v (tobacco), tabako o ࡐ࠹ + [VERB]), (like this) kø´ ࡆ ࠹ (kø ࡆ࠹ + [VERB]) 2. (that suimásu ࡒࡣࡆࢅྺ࠷ࡱࡌ; kitsuen shimásu ႖↦ࡊࡱࡌ 2. v much) sonna ni ࡐࢆ࡝࡞, (this ibushimásu ࠷ࡩࡊ>⇲ࡊ@ࡱࡌ much) konna ni ࡆࢆ࡝࡞, 3. 3. n kemuri ↦࣬ࡄࡳࡽ (and so) … kara …࠾ࡼ, …-te smoking n kitsuen ႖↦; smoking pro- …࡙ (…-kute …ࡂ࡙, … de… hibited n kin’en ⚏↦; non-smoking ࡚); dá kara (sa) ࡓ࠾ࡼࡈ ; so as seat n kin’en seki ⚏↦ᖆ to be [NOUN] ni ࡞, [ADJECTIVE]smoky adj kemui ↦࠷࣬ࡄࡳ࠷, ku ࡂ; … yø ni …ࡻ࠹>ᵕ@࡞; so to speak adv iwaba ࠷ࢂࡣ࣬ kemutai ↦ࡒ࠷࣬ࡄࡳࡒ࠷ smooth 1. adj naméraka (na) ⁝ ゕࢂࡣ ࡼ࠾࣬࡝ࡴࡼ࠾࡝ , sube sube soak v 1. ~s it tsukemásu ₍ࡄࡱࡌ 2. it ~s tsukarimásu ₍࠾ࡽࡱࡌ shita, (flat) taira (na) ᖲࡼ࡝ , (slippery) subekkói ⁝ࡖࡆ࠷࣬ 3. it ~s in shimimásu ᯹ࡲࡱࡌ ࡌ࡬ࡖࡆ࠷ 2. v narashimásu so-and-so n 1. dáredare ࡓࡿࡓࡿ ࡝ࡼࡊ>ᆍࡊ@ࡱࡌ; (pats) ࣬ㄙࠍ, dáresore ࡓࡿࡐࡿ࣬ㄙࡐ ࡿ; yátsu ࡷࡗ࣬ዦ 2. náninani nademásu ࡝࡚>᧑࡚@ࡱࡌ smudge n yogore ỗࡿ࣬ࡻࡇࡿ ࡝࡞࡝࡞࣬రࠍ smuggle v mitsuyu shimásu ᐠ㍲ soap n sekken ▴ࡄࢆ࣬▴㮧, shaࡊࡱࡌ bon ࢨࣔ࣍ࣤ, søpu ࢮ࣭ࣈ; soap snack n keishoku ㍅㣏, karui bubble n shabon-dama ࢨࣔ࣍ monó/tabemónó/shokuji ㍅࠷∸ ࣤ⋚ 㣏࡬∸/㣏஥ sober adj (in one’s right mind) snake n hébi ⺤࣬ࣉࣄ shøki (no) ḿẴࡡ ; (plain) jimí snap v 1. (it ~s) hajikemásu ࡢࡋ (na) ᆀ࿝࡝ ; (undrunk) shirafu 578



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ENGLISH–JAPANESE



something



(no) ࡊࡼࡨࡡ soccer n sákkå ࢦࢴ࣭࢜ sociable adj aisó (/aisø´) ga (/no) íi ࠵࠷ࡐ࠹ >យ᝷@࠿ࡡ ࠷࠷, shakø-teki (na) ♣ஹⓏ࡝ social adj shákai (no) ♣ఌࡡ ; ~ company (o-)tsukíai ࠽ ௛ࡀ ྙ࠷, (~ friendly intercourse/ relations) køsai ஹ㝷; ~ standing míbun ㌗ฦ, shakai-teki chíi ♣ ఌⓏᆀన social science(s) n shakai-kágaku ♣ఌ⛁Ꮥ society n shákai ♣ఌ; (association) kyøkai ༝ఌ, (scholarly) gakkai Ꮥఌ; …-kai …ఌ socket n sokétto ࢮࢢࢴࢹ socks n kutsu-shita 㠈ୖ soft adj yawarakái ᯺ࡼ࠾࠷࣬ࡷ ࢂࡼ࠾࠷, sofuto (na) ࢮࣆࢹ ࡝ ; ~ ice cream sofuto-kuríimu ࢮࣆࢹࢠ࣭࣑ࣛ software n sofutowéa ࢮࣆࢹࢗ࢘࢓ soil 1. n (earth) tsuchí ᅰ, tochi ᅰᆀ; (stain) ỗࡿ 2. v (makes it dirty) yogoshimásu ỗࡊࡱࡌ; (gets dirty) yogoremásu ỗࡿࡱࡌ soldier n heishi ඹኃ, hei ඹ, gunjin ㌯ெ sole 1. n (fish) shita-bírame ⯁ᖲ ┘࣬ࢨࢰࣄ࣒ࣚ 2. n (of foot) ashi no urá ㊂ࡡ⿤ 3. adj → only



solid 1. adj (firm) katai ᅖ࠷࣬◫ ࠷࣬ᇻ࠷࣬࠾ࡒ࠷ 2. n (a solid) kotai ᅖమ, rittai ❟మ solstice n summer ~ geshi ኚ⮫, winter ~ tøji ෢⮫ solution n kaiketsu (saku) ゆỬ➿ solve v 1. tokimásu ゆࡀࡱࡌ 2. kaiketsu shimásu ゆỬࡊࡱࡌ Somalia n Somaria ࢮ࣏ࣛ࢓ somber adj 1. inki (na) 㝔Ẵ࡝ 2. (color) kusunda ࡂࡌࢆࡓ some 1. adj (pron) (a little) sukóshi ᑛࡊ (but often omitted); (certain) nánráka no … రࡼ࠾ ࡡ… (a certain amount) íkura ka (no) ࠷ࡂࡼ࠾࣬ᖼࡼ࠾ࡡ , (a



certain number) íkutsu ka (no) ࠷ࡂࡗ࠾࣬ᖼࡗ࠾ࡡ ; tashø (no) ኣᑛࡡ 2. pron (particular) áru …࠵ࡾ…; ~ people áru hito ࠵ࡾெ, … hitómo arimásu …ெ



ࡵ࠵ࡽࡱࡌ somebody → someone someday adv izure ࠷ࡍࡿ, ítsu-ka ࠷ࡗ࠾; [BOOKISH] ichijitsú ୌ᪝ somehow adv dø´ni ka ࡜࠹࡞࠾; (vaguely) dø´mo ࡜࠹ࡵ; ~ or other nán to ka shite ర࡛࠾ࡊ ࡙, (necessarily) dø-shitemo ࡜ ࠹ࡊ࡙ࡵ someone pron dáre ka ㄙ࠾; (…) hito … ெ; ~ or other dáredare (one) ࡓࡿࡓࡿ࣬ㄙࠍ, dáresore ࡓࡿࡐ solicitude n omoi-yari ᛦ࠷ࡷࡽ; ࡿ࣬ㄙࡐࡿ thanks to your ~ okage-sama de something pron náni ka ర࠾; (…) ࠽࠾ࡅ>࠽ⶩ@ࡈࡱ࡚; a visit of ~ monó … ∸; something or other (o-)mimai ࠽ ず⯑࠷ náninani ࡝࡞࡝࡞࣬రࠍ



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sometime



sometime adj ítsu ka ࠷ࡗ࠾; izure ࠷ࡍࡿ sometimes adv tokidoki ᫤ࠍ, tokí ni ᫤࡞; (occasionally) tama ni ࡒࡱ࡞…; … (suru) kotó ga arimásu … ࡌࡾ ஥࠿࠵ࡽࡱࡌ somewhat adv sukóshi ᑛࡊ, chótto ࡔࡺࡖ࡛ → somehow somewhere adv doko ka ࡜ࡆ࠾; somewhere else yosóࡻࡐ; somewhere or other dókodoko ࡜ࡆ࡜ࡆ, dókosoko ࡜ࡆࡐࡆ son n musuko ᜝Ꮔ; (your son) bótchan ᆎࡔࡶࢆ; eldest ~ chø´nán 㛏⏠ song n utá ḯ, songu ࢮࣤࢡ soon adv ma-mó-naku 㛣ࡵ࡝ࡂ࣬ ࡱࡵ࡝ࡂ, mø (súgu) ࡵ࠹ࡌࡃ , jiki ni ࡋࡀ>├@࡞; as soon as … (suru) to (súgu) ࡌࡾ ࡛ࡌࡃ ; (shite) kara súgu ࡊ࡙ ࠾ࡼࡌࡃ soot n súsu ࡌࡌ࣬ࢪࢪ㹺↬ soothe v shizumemásu 㟴ࡴࡱࡌ࣬ 㙘ࡴࡱࡌ, nadamemásu ࡝ࡓࡴ >ᐅࡴ@ࡱࡌ sophisticated adj tokaiteki (na) 㒌ఌ Ⓩ࡝ , senrensareta ὑ⦆ࡈࡿࡒ sore 1. adj itái ⑚࠷ 2. n (a ~ spot) itái tokoró ⑚࠷ᡜ, (from shoe rubbing) kutsu-zure 㠈ࡍࡿ → boil → wound sorry adj (for you/him) (o-)ki-nodókúdesu ࠽ ẴࡡẐ࡚ࡌ; Sorry! interj Sumimasén. ࡌࡲࡱࡎࢆ., Gomennasai. ࡇࡴࢆ࡝ࡈ࠷ sort n (kind) shúruí ⛸㢦, ís-shu ୌ⛸



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soul n séishin ⢥♼, támashii 㨞࣬ࡒࡱࡊ࠷; (person) hito ெ, ningen ெ㛣; soul mate n søru meito ࢮ࣭࣒ࣜ࢕ࢹ sound 1. n (noise) otó 㡚; ne 㡚 2. n (audio) onkyø 㡚㡢; saundo ࢦࢗࣤࢺ 3. v it ~s narimásu 㫾 ࡽࡱࡌ, (makes an animal ~) nakimásu 㫾ࡀࡱࡌ 4. v ~s it narashimásu 㫾ࡼࡊࡱࡌ; sound asleep adj gussúri ࡃࡖࡌࡽ, gügü ࡃ࠹ࡃ࠹; sound out v (a person) dashin shimásu ᡬタࡊ ࡱࡌ; sound wave n onpa 㡚ἴ soup n (Western-style) sü´pu ࢪ࣭ ࣈ; soup pan n süpu nabe ࢪ࣭ࣈ 㘘; soup stock n dashi ࡓࡊ࣬ࢱࢨ sour 1. adj suppái 㓗ࡖࡤ࠷࣬ࡌ ࡖࡤ࠷ 2. v it ~s kusarimásu ⭁ ࡽࡱࡌ source n moto ࡵ࡛࣬ඔ; táne ⛸; okorí ㉫ࡆࡽ south n minami ༞, nan-… ༞…; (the south) nanpø ༞᪁, (the southern part) nánbu ༞㒂 southeast n nantø ༞᮶ southwest n nansei ༞け souvenir n (o-)miyage ࠽ ࡲࡷࡅ >ᅰ⏐@, miyage-mono ࡲࡷࡅ>ᅰ ⏐@∸; kinen-hin エᛍဗ sow 1. v (seeds) makimásu ࡱࡀ >ⵏࡀ@ࡱࡌ 2. n (female pig) mesubuta 㞜㇔࣒࣬ࢪࣇࢰ soybean n daizu ኬ㇃࣬ࢱ࢕ࢫ; fermented ~ nattø´⣙㇃࣬ࢻࢴ ࢹࢗ soy sauce n (o-)shøyu ࠽ ࡊࡺ࠹ࡹ



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spill



>㓲ἔ࣬ࢨࣘࢗࣗ@; (in sushi restaurant) murásaki ⣰࣑࣬ࣚࢦ࢞ spa n supa ࢪࣂ; onsen Ὼἠ, tøjiba …἖ሔ space n 1. (available) ma 㛣; (between) aida 㛣; (inter~) kükan ✭ 㛣, sukima ࡌࡀ㛣, supësu ࢪ࣋ ࣭ࢪ; (outer ~) úchü Ꮻᏼ; (room, leeway) yochi ఴᆀ 2. → blank Spain n Supéin ࢪ࣋࢕ࣤ span 1. n (term) kikan ᭿㛣, supan ࢪࣂࣤ 2. v (stretches over it) … ni matagarimásu …࡞㊤࠿ࡽ>ࡱ ࡒ࠿ࡽ@ࡱࡌ spare 1. adj (reserve) yóbi (no) ஢ങࡡ 2. n (leeway, surplus) yoyü ఴ⿩; ~ time hima ᬜ, yoka ఴᬜ 3. → save spark n híbana ℾⰴ sparkle n kirameki ࡀࡼࡴࡀ࣬↝ ࡀ, kagayaki ㍜ࡀ sparrow n suzume 㞓࣬ࡌࡍࡴ࣬ ࢪࢫ࣒ speak v hanashimásu ヨࡊࡱࡌ, iimásu ゕ࠷ࡱࡌ spear n yari ᵍ࣬ࣕࣛ special adj tokubetsu (no) ≁ื ࡡ ; supesharu (na) ࢪ࣋ࢨࣔࣜ ࡝ , toku-… ≁…; (peculiar) tokushu (no) ≁Ṟࡡ ; (favorite) tokui (na/no) ᚋណ࡝ࡡ ; (emergency) rinji (no) ⮣᫤ࡡ ; special delivery n sokutatsu ㏷㐡; special feature/quality n tokushoku ≁Ⰵ, tokuchø ≁ᚡ࣬≁㛏; special offer n tokubetsu høshi-hin ≁ื ዅ௘ဗ



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specialist n senmon-ka ᑍ㛓ᐓ; (medical) senmón-i ᑍ㛓༈ specialty n senmon ᑍ㛓, (forte) tokui ᚋណ, (trick) ohako ࠽ࡢࡆ ࣬༎ඳ␊ species …-rui …㢦; a ~ of … no ís-shu …ࡡୌ⛸ specific adj (particular) kore to iu …ࡆࡿ࡛࠷࠹; hakkiri to shita ࡢࡖࡀࡽ࡛ࡊࡒ; gutaiteki (na) රమⓏ࡝ spectator n kankyaku びᐂ speculation n (venture) yamá ࡷࡱ, tøki ᢖᶭ speech n hanashí ヨ, kotobá ゕⴝ, kuchi ཾ; (public) enzetsu ⁿㄕ, køen ㅦⁿ, supiichi ࢪࣅ࣭ࢲ speed n háyasa ㏷ࡈ, sókudo ㏷ ᗐ, supíido ࢪࣅ࣭ࢺ; (hourly) jisoku ᫤㏷ spell v (jí o) tsuzurimásuᏊࢅ ⥓ ࡽ>ࡗࡘࡽ@ࡱࡌ spelling n tsuzuri ⥓ࡽ࣬ࡗࡘࡽ, supéru ࢪ࣋ࣜ; (way written) kaki-kátá ᭡ࡀ᪁, (letters) jí Ꮚ spend v tsukaimásu ౐࠷ࡱࡌ, (pays) dashimásu ฝࡊࡱࡌ; (uses time) sugoshimásu 㐛ࡇ ࡊࡱࡌ; okurimásu ㏞ࡽࡱࡌ sphere n kyü ⌣, kyütai ⌣మ spice n kø´(shin)ryø´ 㤮㎖ ᩩ, chømi(-ryø) ㄢ࿝ᩩ , supaisu ࢪࣂ࢕ࢪ spicy adj karai ࠾ࡼ࠷࣬㎖࠷, supaishii ࢪࣂ࢕ࢨ࣭ spider n kúmo ࡂࡵ࣬ࢠ࣓࣬⻙⺰ spill v (it ~s) koboremásu ࡆ࡯ࡿ



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spine



ࡱࡌ࣬㞵ࡿࡱࡌ; (~s it) koboshimásu ࡆ࡯ࡊࡱࡌ࣬㞵ࡊࡱࡌ; tarashimásu ᆱࡼࡊࡱࡌ spine n sebone ⫴㦭 spinning n bøseki ⣫⦴ spiral n rasen ⼲᪍࣬ࡼࡎࢆ spirit n séishin ⢥♼, kokóro ᚨ, támashii 㨞, supiritto ࢪࣅࣛࢴ ࢹ; kokoro-mochi ᚨᣚࡔ; ki Ẵ spit 1. n (spittle) tsúba ࡗࡣ࣬ࢵ ࣁ࣬ၖ, tsubakí ࡗࡣࡀ࣬ࢵࣁ ࢞࣬ၖ 2. v (~s out) (tsúba o) hakimásu ࡗࡣࢅ ྡࡀࡱࡌ spite; in ~ of … (ná) no ni …࡝ ࡡ࡞ splendid adj rippa (na) ❟Ὤ࣬ࡽࡖ ࡤ࡝ , subarashíi ࡌࡣࡼࡊ࠷ ࣬⣪ᬍࡼࡊ࠷, suteki (na) ࡌ࡙ࡀ ࣬⣪ᩓ࡝ , mígoto (na) ず஥ ࡝ , kékkø (na) ⤎ᵋ࡝ split v 1. (~s it) sakimásu ⿛ࡀࡱ ࡌ, warimásu ๪ࡽࡱࡌ; (divides it) wakemásu ฦࡄࡱࡌ 2. (it ~s) sakemásu ⿛ࡄࡱࡌ, waremásu ๪ ࡿࡱࡌ; (it separates) wakaremásu ืࡿࡱࡌ spoil v 1. ~s it wáruku (damé ni) shimásu ᝇࡂ㥇┘࡞ ࡊࡱࡌ; itamemásu ഭࡴࡱࡌ; ~ a person’s mood kíbun o kowashimásu Ẵฦ ࢅቪࡊࡱࡌ, kíbun o gaishimásu Ẵฦࢅᐐࡊࡱࡌ 2. it gets spoiled wáruku narimásu ᝇࡂ࡝ࡽࡱࡌ, itamimásu ഭࡲࡱࡌ 3. it ~s (sours) kusarimásu ⭁ࡽࡱࡌ; (rots) itamimásu ഭࡲࡱࡌ sponge n kaimen ᾇ⥝, suponji ࢪ



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࣎ࣤࢩ; sponge gourd n hechima ࡫ ࡔࡱ࣬ࣉࢲ࣏࣬⣊⎡ spontaneously adv hitori-de ni ≺ ࡽ࡚࡞࣬ࡥ࡛ࡽ࡚࡞, onozukara ⮤ࡍ࠾ࡼ࣬࠽ࡡࡍ࠾ࡼ spoon n supü´n ࢪࣈ࣭ࣤ, sájí ࡈ ࡋ࣬ࢦࢩ࣬໬ spoonful n (hitó)-saji ୌ ໬࣬ ࡥ࡛ ࡈࡋ sport(s) n supø´tsu ࢪ࣭࣎ࢵ, undø 㐘ິ; ~ Day (2nd Monday of October) Taiiku no hí మ⫩ࡡ᪝ spot n 1. ten Ⅴ; (spotted) madara (no) ࡱࡓࡼ>⌔@ࡡ , (blot) shimi ᯹ࡲ࣬ࡊࡲ, (with) ~s bótsubotsu ࡯ࡗ࡯ࡗ࣬࣍ࢵ࣍ࢵ 2. (place) basho ሔᡜ sprain v (an ankle) (ashí o) kujikimásu ㊂ࢅ ᣰࡀ>ࡂࡋࡀ@ࡱ ࡌ; gets a sprained ankle ashí ga kujikemásu ㊂࠿ᣰࡄ>ࡂࡋࡄ@ ࡱࡌ spread v 1. (~s it) hirogemásu ᗀ ࡅࡱࡌ, (diffuses it) hiromemásu ᗀࡴࡱࡌ; (~s it out) nobashimásu ఘࡣࡊࡱࡌ, nobemásu ఘ࡬ࡱࡌ; (~s it on) harimásu ᘿࡽࡱࡌ 2. (it ~s) hirogarimásu ᗀ࠿ࡽࡱ ࡌ; (it gets diffused) hiromarimásu ᗀࡱࡽࡱࡌ, fukyü shimásu ᬉཀྵࡊࡱࡌ; (it ~s out) nobimásu ఘࡦࡱࡌ; (it ~s on) (batå o) nurimásu ࣁࢰ࣭ࢅ ሧࡽࡱࡌ spring 1. n (season) háru ᫋; (device) bane(-jíkake) ࡣࡠ࣬ࣁࢾ௘᤻ࡄ , (of clock) zenmai ࡏࢆࡱ࠷; hot ~ onsen Ὼἠ 2. v ~s forth



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ENGLISH–JAPANESE



stapler



(gushes) wakimásu ࢂࡀ>•ࡀ@ ࡱࡌ 3. v ~s from … kara okorimásu … ࠾ࡼ㉫ࡆࡽࡱࡌ springtime n háru ᫋ sprinkle; ~ it v furi-kakemásu ᣲࡽ ࠾ࡄࡱࡌ spy n supai ࢪࣂ࢕ kanbø 㛣ㄹ square n shikaku ᄿぽ; adj shikakú (no) ᄿぽࡡ , shikakúi ᄿぽ࠷; kakú ぽ; (plaza) híró-bá ᗀሔ squash v tsuburemásu ࡗࡩࡿࡱࡌ ࣬₵ࡿࡱࡌ squat 1. n sukuwatto ࢪࢠ࣠ࢴࢹ 2. v shagamimásu ࡊࡶ࠿ࡲࡱࡌ squeeze adj tsubushimásu ₵ࡊ >ࡗࡩࡊ@ࡱࡌ; (~s out) shiborimásu ⤘ࡽࡱࡌ࣬ࡊ࡯ࡽࡱࡌ squid n ika ࠷࠾࣬࢕࢜࣬Ⅺ㈣ squirrel n rísu ࡽࡌ࣬ࣛࢪ࣬ᰡ㰙 Sri Lanka n Suriránka ࢪࣛࣚࣤ࢜ stab v (tsuki-)sashimásu ✲ࡀ ๆࡊࡱࡌ stable 1. adj anteishita Ꮽᏽࡊࡒ 2. n uma-goya 㤷ᑚᒁ, kyüsha དྷ⯃ stadium n kyøgi-jø ❿ᢇሔ; baseball ~ yakyü-jø 㔕⌣ሔ, kyüjø ⌣ሔ stage n bútai ⯑ྋ; sutëji ࢪࢷ࣭ ࢩ, (of a process) dankai ṹ㝭 stagger v yoro-mekimásu ࡻࢀࡴ ࡀࡱࡌ staggering adj yóroyoro (no) ࡻࢀ ࡻࢀࡡ , chidori-ashi (no) ༐㫵 ㊂ࡡ stain 1. n shimi ᯹ࡲ࣬ࡊࡲ 2. v (paints it) nurimásu ሧࡽࡱࡌ;



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(soils it) yogoshimásu ỗࡊࡱࡌ, (gets soiled) yogoremásu ỗࡿ ࡱࡌ stairs, stairway n kaidan 㝭ṹ; (wooden) hashigo-dan ࡢࡊࡇ >᲋Ꮔ@ṹ stake n (post) kúi ᮲ stale adj (not fresh) furúi ཿ࠷ stamp n 1. (postal) kitte วᡥ; ~ album kitte-chø วᡥᖋ 2. (seal) ín ༰; (cancellation mark) keshiin ᾐ༰ 3. sutanpu ࢪࢰࣤࣈ stand 1. n (sales booth) uri-ba ኉ ࡽሔ, baiten ኉ᗉ, sutando ࢪࢰ ࣤࢺ; (food stall) yatai ᒁྋ 2. v (~s up) tachimásu ❟ࡔࡱࡌ; ~s it up tatemásu ❟࡙ࡱࡌ 3. ~s it v (tolerates) gáman shimásu ᠻ ះࡊࡱࡌ, koraemásu ࡆࡼ࠻ࡱ ࡌ, shínbø shimásu ㎖ᢢࡊࡱࡌ; stand against (opposes) … ni taikø shimásu …࡞ᑊᢘࡊࡱࡌ; stand firm ganbarimásu ࠿ࢆࡣࡽ>㡱ᘿ ࡽ@ࡱࡌ; stand out (prominently) medachimásu ┘❟ࡔࡱࡌ; stand still tachi-domarimásu ❟ࡔḾࡱࡽ ࡱࡌ standard 1. adj hyøjun (no) ᵾ‵ ࡡ ; ~ Japanese hyøjun-go ᵾ‵ ㄊ 2. n meyasu ┘Ꮽ; kikaku ぜ ᰹; kijun ᇱ‵ standardize v tøitsu shimásu ⤣ୌ ࡊࡱࡌ; kikaku-ka shimásu ぜ᰹ ໩ࡊࡱࡌ staple n (hochikisu no) hári ࣌ࢲ ࢞ࢪࡡ 㔢 stapler n hóchikisu ࣌ࢲ࢞ࢪ



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star



star n hoshi ᫅; (symbol) hoshijírushi ᫅༰; (actor) sutå´ࢪࢰ࣭, hanágata ⰴᙟ; Hollywood star n hariuddo sutå ࣀࣛࢗࢴࢺ࣬ࢪࢰ ࣭; star sign n seiza ᫅ᗑ starch n 1. (laundry) norí ⢮࣬ࡡ ࡽ 2. (food) denpun ࡚ࢆࡪࢆ࣬ ⃞⢂; potato ~ katakúríko ∞ᰡ⢂ stare v ~s (at) (… o) jíro-jiro mi-másu…ࢅ ࡋࢀࡋࢀずࡱࡌ; mi-tsumemásu ずョࡴ>ずࡗࡴ@ ࡱࡌ, nagamemásu ╈ࡴࡱࡌ start 1. n hajimari ጙࡱࡽ; shuppatsu ฝⓆ; at (from) the ~ shoppana karaࡊࡺࡖࡤ࡝࠾ࡼ; from the ~ hajime kara ጙࡴ࠾ࡼ, hónrai ᮇᮮ 2. v (it ~s) hajimarimásu ጙࡱࡽࡱࡌ; (sets out) demásu ฝࡱࡌ 3. v (~s it) hajimemásu ጙࡴࡱࡌ, (~s doing it) shi-hajimemásu ࡊጙࡴࡱࡌ; it ~s to rain áme ga furi-hajimemásu 㞭࠿㜾ࡽጙࡴࡱࡌ, áme ni narimásu 㞭࡞࡝ࡽࡱࡌ startle v bikkúri sasemásu ࡦࡖࡂ ࡽࡈࡎࡱࡌ࣬ྗ㦣ࡈࡎࡱࡌ; gets startled bikkúri shimásu ࡦࡖࡂ ࡽࡊࡱࡌ࣬ྗ㦣ࡊࡱࡌ starve v uemásu 㣒࠻ࡱࡌ state 1. n (of the U.S.) shü´ ᕗ, … -shü …ᕗ; (status) bún ฦ; ~ of affairs jøkyø ≟Ἓ, jítai ஥ឺ → condition → nation 2. v expressly ~s utaimásu ࠹ࡒ࠷>ㅳ࠷@ࡱ ࡌ → say station n 1. (rail) éki 㥈࣬࠻ࡀ;



(box lunches sold at railroad



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stations) eki-ben 㥈ᘒ 2. gas station gasorin sutándo ࢝ࢮࣛ ࣤࢪࢰࣤࢺ stationary n (not moving) ugokanai ິ࠾࡝࠷, (not moving) henkanai ን໩ࡊ࡝࠷ stationery n (letter paper) binsen ౼⟚; (writing supplies) bunbø´gu ᩝᡛර; (shop) bunbøgu-ya ᩝᡛරᒁ statistics n tøkei ⤣゛ statue n zø ാ, chøzø ᙦാ, (bronze) døzø 㖙ാ stature n (height) séi/sé ⫴࣬ࡎ࠷ status n bún ฦ, (social, personal) míbun ㌗ฦ, (position) chíi ᆀన; status quo genjø ⌟≟ stay 1. n (away from home) taizai ⁣ᅹ 2. v taizai shimásu ⁣ᅹࡊ ࡱࡌ 3. v imásu ࠷ࡱࡌ 4. v todomarimásu ࡛࡜ࡱࡽ>Ḿࡱࡽ ࣬⏻ࡱࡽ@ࡱࡌ; (overnight) tomarimásu ἡࡱࡽࡱࡌ; stay away v



(from school, etc.) yasumimásu ఆࡲࡱࡌ; (skips work) saborimásu ࢦ࣍ࡽࡱࡌ; stay up all night v tetsuya shimásu ᚥእࡊࡱࡌ; ~ late yofúkáshi (o) shimásu እ᭞ࡊ ࢅ ࡊࡱࡌ steadily adv jitto ࡋࡖ࡛; zutto ࡍࡖ࡛ steady adj katagi (na) ᇻẴ࡝ , tegatai ᡥᇻ࠷; chakujitsu (na) ╌ᐁ࡝ steak n sutëki ࢪࢷ࣭࢞, (beef-steak) biifutëki ࣄ࣭ࣆ࣬ࢪࢷ࣭࢞ steal v nusumimásu ┈ࡲࡱࡌ,



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stipulation



kapparaimásu ࠾ࡖࡤࡼ࠷ࡱࡌ stealth n (espionage) the art of ~ nínjutsu ᚰ⾙; a master of ~ nínja ᚰ⩽ steam 1. n jø´ki ⵠẴ, yúge …Ẵ 2. v (~s food) fukashimásu ࡨ࠾ ࡊࡱࡌ, mushimásu ⵠࡊࡱࡌ steamed foods n mushí-mono ⵠࡊ∸ steamship n kisen Ữ⯢ steel n hagane 㗨࣬ࡢ࠿ࡠ࣬ࣀ࢝ ࢾ, køtetsu 㗨㕪, tetsu 㕪 steep adj (precipitous) kyü (na) ᛬࡝ , kewashíi 㝜ࡊ࠷ stem n (of plant) kuki ⱴ࣬ࢠ࢞ step 1. n (stairs) kaidan 㝭ṹ, dan ṹ 2. n suteppu ࢪࢷࢴࣈ 3. v (walk) arukimásu Ṅࡀࡱࡌ → measure → stage 4. v ~s into/on fumi-komimásu ㊻ࡲ㎰ࡲࡱࡌ; ~s on the gas ákuseru o fumimásu ࢓ࢠࢬࣜࢅ㊻ࡲࡱࡌ stepchild n mama-ko ࡱࡱ>⤽@Ꮔ stepfather n mama-chichi ࡱࡱ>⤽@∏ stepmother n mama-haha ࡱࡱ >⤽@ẍ steps → stairs stereo n (sound/player) sutereo ࢪࢷ࢛ࣝ sterilization n sakkin ṽⳞ stew n shichü ࢨࢲ࣭ࣖ steward n bøi ࣭࣍࢕, kyü´ji ⤝௘, suchuwådo ࢪࢲ࣭ࣖ࣠ࢺ stewardess n suchuwå´desu ࢪࢲ ࣭ࣖ࣠ࢸࢪ stick 1. n (club) bø(-kkire) Ფࡖ วࡿ ; (staff) tsúe ᮣ, (cane)



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sutékki ࢪࢷࢴ࢞ 2. n (of gum, candy, etc.) … ichí-mai …ୌᯓ, (of yakitori, etc.) íp-pon ୌᮇ 3. v (it ~s to) … ni kuttsukimásu …࡞ࡂࡖࡗࡀࡱࡌ 4. v (~s it on) tsukemásu ௛ࡄࡱࡌ (pastes it on) harimásu ㈖ࡽࡱࡌ; stick out (~s it out) tsuki-dashimásu ✲ࡀ



ฝࡊࡱࡌ → protrude stickiness n nebarí ⢋ࡽ stiff adj 1. → hard 2. (shoulder) gets ~ (katá ga) korimásu ⫢࠿ ฆࡽࡱࡌ; ~ shoulder, stiffness of shoulder kata no kori ⫢ࡡฆࡽ still adv (yet) máda ࡱࡓ; (but) (sore) démo ࡐࡿ ࡚ࡵ; ~ better issø/náo íi ୌᒒ>࠷ࡖࡐ࠹@ᑠ> ࡝࠽@࠷࠷; ~ more mótto ࡵࡖ ࡛; náo ᑠ࣬࡝࠽; issø ୌᒒ࣬࠷ ࡖࡐ࠹; still-life painting n seibutsu ga 㟴∸⏤ still → quiet; interj ~ still! (Tatta



mama) ugo-kánaide kudasai. ❟ࡖࡒࡱࡱ ິ࠾࡝࠷࡚ୖࡈ࠷., Jitto tatteite kudasai. ࡋࡖ࡛❟ࡖ ࡙࠷࡙ୖࡈ࠷. stimulate v unagashimásu ಀࡊࡱࡌ stimulation n shigeki ๆ⃥ sting 1. v sashimásu ๆࡊࡱࡌ 2. n (bee’s ~) hari 㔢 stingy adj kéchi (na) ࡄࡔ࡝ ; ~ person kéchinbo ࡄࡔࢆ࡯ kéchinbø ࡄࡔࢆ࡯࠹ stipulate v kitei shimásu ぜᏽ ࡊࡱࡌ stipulation n kitei ぜᏽ → provision → condition



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stir



stir v 1. ~s it kaki-mawashimásu ࠾ࡀᅂࡊࡱࡌ 2. ~s up (fans, incites) aorimásu ࠵࠽ࡽ>↵ࡽ@ ࡱࡌ stock n 1. (financial) kabu ᰬ; (soup) dashí ࡓࡊ࣬ࢱࢨ; (on hand) zaiko(-hin) ᅹᗔဗ , sutokku ࢪ ࢹࢴࢠ; mochiawase (no) ᣚࡔྙ ࢂࡎࡡ 2. has in ~ (on hand) zaiko ga arimásu ᅹᗔ࠿࠵ࡽࡱࡌ; mochi-awasemásu ᣚࡔྙࢂࡎࡱ ࡌ; motte imásu ᣚࡖ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ stockings n kutsu-shita 㠈ୖ࣬ࡂࡗ ࡊࡒ stomach n i-búkuro ⫮⾼, i ⫮; (strictly, belly) o-naka ࠽࡝࠾, hará ⭙; develops ~ trouble o-naka o kowashimásu ࠽࡝࠾ࢅቪࡊࡱࡌ stone n ishí ▴ stop 1. v (it comes to rest) tomarimásu Ḿࡱࡽࡱࡌ, todomarimásu ࡛࡜ࡱࡽ>Ḿࡱࡽ࣬⏻ࡱࡽ@ ࡱࡌ → stand still; (it ceases) yamimásu Ḿࡲࡱࡌ 2. v (~s it) tomemásu Ḿࡴࡱࡌ, todomemásu ࡛࡜ࡴ>Ḿࡴ@ࡱࡌ, yoshimásu ࡻ ࡊࡱࡌ; (~s doing) … o yamemásu …ࢅḾࡴࡱࡌ 3. n (halting place) teiryü-jo ೳ⏻ᡜ; (end) owari ⤂ࢂࡽ; stop up fusagimásu ࡨࡈࡁࡱࡌ; gets stopped up fusagarimásu ࡨࡈ࠿ࡽࡱࡌ store n (shop) misé ᗉ; sutoa ࢪࢹ ࢓; storeroom n (storehouse) kurá ಲ࣬ⶮ storm n árashi ᔋ࣬࠵ࡼࡊ, [BOOKISH] bøfü´ ᬸ㢴



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story n 1. hanashí ヨ, sutørii ࢪࢹ ࣭࣭ࣛ 2. → floor stove n sutø´bu ࢪࢹ࣭ࣇ, (kitchen) kamado ࠾ࡱ࡜࣬❜, kama ࠾ࡱ ࣬㔡, rénji ࣝࣤࢩ; (portable cooking) kónro ࢤࣤࣞ straddle v … ni matagarimásu … ࡞㊤࠿ࡽ>ࡱࡒ࠿ࡽ@ࡱࡌ straight adj massúgu (na) ࡱࡖࡌ ࡃ࣬┷ࡖ├ࡃ࡝ ; straight line n chokusen ├⥲ straighten v (tidies it) ~s it up katazukemásu ∞௛ࡄࡱࡌ strain 1. n (tension) kinchø ⥥ᘿ 2. v (forces) múri ni shimásu ↋ ⌦࡞ࡊࡱࡌ; (filters) koshimásu ࡆࡊ>⁷ࡊ@ࡱࡌ, (through cloth) shiborimásu ⤘ࡽࡱࡌ࣬ࡊ࡯ࡽ ࡱࡌ strait(s) n kaikyø ᾇᓒ strange adj hén (na) ን࡝ , fushigi (na) ୘ᛦ㆗࡝ ; (peculiar) kímyø (na) ዃዼ࡝ , okashíi ࠽ ࠾ࡊ࠷; (wondrous) myø´ (na) ዼ࡝ stranger n (unknown person) shiranai hitó ▩ࡼ࡝࠷ெ; (outsider) yosó no hitóࡻࡐࡡெ, tanin ௙ெ strap n himo ࡥࡵ࣬⣛; (to hang on to) tsuri-kawa ྛࡽ㠁; (watch-band, etc.) bando ࣁࣤࢺ straw n wára ࢂࡼ࣬࣠ࣚ࣬⸍, mugiwara 㯇ࢂࡼ>⸍@; (to drink with) sutórø ࢪࢹ࣭ࣞ strawberry n ichigo ࠷ࡔࡇ࣬࢕ࢲ ࢥ࣬Ᵽ



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stuck



stray 1. n (child) maigo; (animals) mayoi-inu (-neko) ㏖࠷≗⊟ 2.adj michi ni mayotta 㐠࡞㏖ ࡖࡒ, hagureta ࡢࡃࡿࡒ 3. v (digresses) soremásu 㐋ࡿ>ࡐࡿ@ ࡱࡌ stream n nagaré Ὦࡿ; in ~s zorozoro ࡑࢀࡑࢀ streamline v (procedures, …) gørika shimásu ྙ⌦໩ࡊࡱࡌ street n michi 㐠, tørí ㏳ࡽ, shadø ㌬㐠, tsuji ㎯; (on) the ~ gaitø (de) ⾜㢄࡚ strength n tsuyosa ᙁࡈ, (power) chikará ງ࣬ࡔ࠾ࡼ; (real ~) jitsuryoku ᐁງ; (of saturation) kósa ⃨ࡈ strengthen v ~s (it) tsúyoku shimásu ᙁࡂࡊࡱࡌ, katamemásu ᅖࡴ ࡱࡌ stretch 1. v (~es it) nobashimásu ఘࡣࡊࡱࡌ; (it ~es) nobimásu ఘ ࡦࡱࡌ, (taut) harimásu ᘿࡽࡱࡌ 2. n nobi ఘࡦsenobi⫴ఘࡦ; stretch over (extends over) … ni matagarimásu …࡞㊤࠿ࡽ>ࡱࡒ࠿ࡽ@ ࡱࡌ stretcher n tánka ᢰᯣ strew v chirashimásu ᩋࡼࡊࡱࡌ strict adj (severe) kibishíi ཚࡊ ࠷, katai ᅖ࠷࣬ᇻ࠷, yakamashíi ࡷ࠾ࡱࡊ࠷; (precise) genmitsu (na) ཚᐠ࡝ ; genjü (na) ཚ㔔 ࡝ strife n arasoi ண࠷, [BOOKISH] sø´dø 㥹ິ strike 1. n (job action) sutóࢪࢹ,



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sutoraiki ࢪࢹࣚ࢕࢞; (baseball) sutoráiku ࢪࢹࣚ࢕ࢠ 2. → hit striking adj (outstanding) ichijirushíi ⴥࡊ࠷ string 1. n (thread) íto ⣊; (cord) himo ࡥࡵ࣬⣛; (of violin or bow) tsurú ࡗࡾ࣬ᘳ 2. (linked) in a ~ tsunagatte ࡗ࡝࠿ࡖ࡙ 3. ~s up v (suspends) tsurimásu ྛࡽࡱࡌ stripe n shimá ࡊࡱ࣬⦜, sutoraipu ࢪࢹࣚ࢕ࣈ; stripe pattern n shimamoyø ⦜ᶅᵕ striptease n sutoríppu ࢪࢹࣛࢴࣈ strive v tsutomemásu ຑࡴࡱࡌ, dóryoku shimásu ຑງࡊࡱࡌ, tsukushimásu ᑸࡂࡊࡱࡌ stroke 1. n (sounds of bell) (kane no) hibiki 㚕ࡡ 㡢ࡀ 2. n (sports) ichida ୌᡬ 3. v nademásu ࡝࡚>᧑࡚@ࡱࡌ 4. v (strikes) uchimásu ᡬࡔࡱࡌ 5. v (draws)kakimásuᥝࡀࡱ ࡌ; stroke order n kakijun ᭡ࡀ㡨 stroll n, v sanpo (shimásu) ᩋṄ ࡊࡱࡌ strong adj tsuyói ᙁ࠷; (coffee, etc.) kói ⃨࠷; (influential) yüryoku (na) ᭯ງ࡝ structure n køzø ᵋ㏸; (setup) kumi-tate ⤄ࡲ❟࡙; (system) soshiki ⤄⧂ struggle 1. n (contention) arasoi ண࠷ 2. v ~s for (contends) … o arasoimásu …ࢅண࠷ࡱࡌ stuck; gets ~ (clogged) tsumarimásu ョࡱࡽࡱࡌ



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student



student n gakusei Ꮥ⏍, …-sei …⏍, (pupil) séito ⏍ᚈ studio n (private) atorie ࢓ࢹ࢙ࣛ; (public) sutajio ࢪࢰࢩ࢛; studio apartment n wan-rü´mu ࣠ࣤࣜ ࣭࣑ study 1. n benkyø ຫᙁ; gakushü Ꮥ ⩞; ~ by observation, field ~ kengaku ずᏕ 2. n (room) shosai ᭡ᩢ 3. v (studies it) benkyø shimásu ຫᙁࡊࡱࡌ, manabimásu Ꮥࡦࡱࡌ, (is tutored/taught) osowarimásu ᩅࢂࡽࡱࡌ 4. v → research → science stuff 1. n (thing) monó ∸ 2. v (crams) tsumemásu ョࡴࡱࡌ stumble v tsuma-zukimásu ࡗࡱࡍ ࡀࡱࡌ࣬㌉ࡀࡱࡌ stump n (tree) kiri-kabu วࡽᰬ stunt n kyokugéi ᭜ⰹ; horseback ~s kyokuba ᭜㤷 stupid adj báka (na) ࡣ࠾࣬ࣁ࢜࣬ 㤷㮭࡝ sturdy adj jøbu (na) ୓ኰ࡝ style n 1. … fü´/…-fü …㢴; … shiki/ …-shiki …ᘟ 2. (form) tái ឺ stylish adj sumå´to (na) ࢪ࣏࣭ࢹ ࡝ , iki (na) ࠷ࡀ>⢃@࡝ , otsu (na) ஍࡝ subject n (topic) mondai ၡ㢗, (of conversation) wadai ヨ㢗; táne ⛸; (school) kamoku ⛁┘ subjective adj shukan-teki (na) ୹ びⓏ࡝ submarine n sensui-kan ₧Ề⯼ submissive adj súnao (na) ࡌ࡝࠽



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>⣪├@࡝ subordinate n búka 㒂ୖ, (follower) kó-bun Ꮔฦ subscribe v yoyaku shimásu ஢⣑ ࡊࡱࡌ, møshi-komimásu ⏞ࡊ㎰ ࡲࡱࡌ subscription n yoyaku ஢⣑ subsequently adv tsuide ḗ࠷࡚ → later → next substance n (material) busshitsu ∸㈠ substantial adj 1. (concrete) gutaiteki (na) රమⓏ࡝ 2. → considerable substitute n kawari ௥ࢂࡽ; daiyøhin ௥⏕ဗ subtle adj wazuka (na) ࢂࡍ࠾ ࡝ , kasuka (na) ᚜࠾࣬࠾ࡌ࠾ ࡝ , (delicate) bimyø (na) ᚜ ዼ࡝ subtract v hikimásu ᘤࡀࡱࡌ suburb n kø´gai 㑱አ, shígai ᕰአ, (outskirts) basue ሔᮆ subway n chiká-tetsu ᆀୖ㕪 succeed v (is successful) seikø shimásu ᠺຉࡊࡱࡌ; ~s to (takes over for) uketsugimásu ུࡄ⤽ࡁ ࡱࡌ, tsugimásu ⤽ࡁࡱࡌ; (in a projection) hiki-tsugimásu ᘤࡀ ⤽ࡁࡱࡌ; (in a test) ukárimásu ུ࠾ࡽࡱࡌ success n seikø ᠺຉ; gøkaku ྙ ᰹; making a ~ out of life shusse ฝୠ; success story n seikø-dan ᠺ ຉㄧ; sakusesu sutørii ࢦࢠࢬ ࢪ࣬ࢪࢹ࣭࣭ࣛ successful adj umái࠹ࡱ࠷; uma-



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summary



kuiku ࠹ࡱࡂ࠷ࡂ such adj sonna ࡐࢆ࡝, sono yø´na ࡐࡡࡻ࠹>ᵕ@࡝, sø yü ࡐ ࠹ࡹ࠹; (like this) konna ࡆࢆ࡝, kono yø´na ࡆࡡࡻ࠹>ᵕ@࡝, kø yü ࡆ࠹ࡹ࠹ such-and-such a place dókodoko ࡜ ࡆ࡜ࡆ, dókosoko ࡜ࡆࡐࡆ suck v suimásu ྺ࠷ࡱࡌ; shaburimásu ࡊࡶࡩࡽࡱࡌ; It sucks! interj saitë da ᭩఩ࡓ, hidoi ࡥ࡜࠷ sucker n (dupe) kámo ࠾ࡵ࣓࣬࢜



suffix n setsubi-go/-ji ᥃ᑹㄊ/㎙ sugar n (o-)satø ࠽ ▹⢶࣬࠽ ࢦࢹࢗ suggest(ion) → propose (proposal) → hint suicide n jisatsu ⮤ṽ; double suicide n shinjü ᚨ୯; suicidal wishes n jisatsu ganbø ⮤ṽ㢢᭻, [BOOKISH] kishi nenryo ᕵṒᛍ៎ suit 1. n (o-)yø´fuku ࠽ Ὂ᭱, fukú ᭱, (business) sebiro ⫴ᗀ, sü´tsu ࢪ࣭ࢵ, (diving suit) sen࣬㬖 sui fuku ₧Ề᭱, daibingu sütsu sudden adj (unexpected) totsuzen ࢱ࢕ࣄࣤࢡ࣬ࢪ࣭ࢵ 2. n (of (no) ✲↓ࡡ , níwaka ࡞ࢂ playing cards) kumí ⤄ 3. v ࠾; (urgent) kyü (na) ᛬࡝ ; ~ (matches with) …ni aimásu … shower yüdachi ኟ❟࣬ࡹ࠹ࡓࡔ, ࡞ྙ࠷ࡱࡌ; ~s one’s taste kuchi niwaka ame ࡞ࢂ࠾ 㞭 ni aimásu ཾ࡞ྙ࠷ࡱࡌ 4. v (is suddenly adv fui ni ୘ណ࡞, totsu- becoming to) …ni ni-aimásu … zen ✲↓; (unexpectedly) níwaka ࡞జྙ࠷ࡱࡌ ni ࡞ࢂ࠾࡞, (immediately) tachi- suitable adj fusawashíi ࡨࡈࢂࡊ࠷, machi (ni) ࡒࡔࡱࡔ࡞ ; (urgent- tekitø (na) 㐲ᙔ࡝ , tekigi (na) 㐲᏿࡝ ; (moderate) kakkø (na) ly) kyü ni ᛬࡞; (with a sudden start of surprise) hatto (shite) ࡢ ᰹ይ࡝ ; is ~ teki-shimásu 㐲ࡊ ࡖ࡛ࡊ࡙ ࡱࡌ sue v uttaemásu セ࠻ࡱࡌ suitcase n kaban ࠾ࡣࢆ࣬㠔, suffer v kurushimimásu ⱖࡊࡲࡱ sütsukë´su ࢪ࣭ࢵࢢ࣭ࢪ; (lugࡌ, nayamimásu ᝆࡲࡱࡌ, gage) (te-)nímotsu ᡥ Ⲭ∸ wazuraimásu ↱࠷>ࢂࡍࡼ࠷@ࡱ sulk v fukuremásu ⭶ࡿࡱࡌ ࡌ; (incurs) kømurimásu ⿍ࡽ>ࡆ sultry adj (weather) mushi-atsúi ࠹ࡳࡽ@ࡱࡌ, ukemásu ུࡄࡱࡌ; ⵠࡊᬤ࠷; (behavior) jønetsuteki suffer from … o wazuraimásu …ࢅ (na) ᝗⇍Ⓩ࡝ ; gets ~ mushi↱࠷>ࢂࡍࡼ࠷@ࡱࡌ → incur másu ⵠࡊࡱࡌ suffering n kurushimi ⱖࡊࡲ, sum 1. n gáku 㢘 2. to ~ it up (anguish) nayamí ᝆࡲ yøsúru ni こࡌࡾ࡞ suffice, sufficient v, adj tarimásu summary n taiyø ኬこ, yøyaku こ ㊂ࡽࡱࡌ ⣑, (gist) yø´shi こ᪠; gaiyø ᴣ



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summer



こ; in ~ yøsúru ni こࡌࡾ࡞࣬ࡻ ࠹ࡌࡾ࡞ summer n natsú ኚ; ~ gift (o-) chügen ࠽ ୯ඔ; ~ period/term káki ኚ᭿; ~ school kaki-køshü ኚ᭿ㅦ⩞ summit n itadaki 㡤࣬࠷ࡒࡓࡀ, chøjø´ 㡤୕, mine ᓙ࣬ࡲࡠ summon v yobimásu ࿣ࡦࡱࡌ sumo → wrestling, wrestler sun n táiyø ኯ㝟࣬ࡒ࠷ࡻ࠹, hi ᪝, o-ténto-sama ࠽࡙ࢆ࡛ࡈࡱ࣬ ࠽ኮ㐠ᵕ sunbathing n (enjoying the warmth of the sun) hinata-bókko ࡥ࡝ࡒ >᪝ྡྷ@࡯ࡖࡆ, (sunbathing, tanning) nikkøyoku ᪝කᾆ sunburn n hiyake ᪝↕ࡄ Sunday n Nichiyø´bi ᪝᭑᪝ sundry adj zatta (na) 㞟ኣ࡝ ; sundries zakka 㞟㈄ sunglass n sangurasu ࢦࣤࢡࣚࢪ sunny adj (room, etc.) hiatari ga íi ᪝ᙔࡽ࠿࠷࠷ sunshine n hinata ࡥ࡝ࡒ࣬᪝ྡྷ, níkkø ᪝ක, sanshain ࢦࣤࢨࣔ ࢕ࣤ super adj chø ㉰, süpå ࢪ࣭ࣂ࣭; superman n sü´påman ࢪ࣭ࣂ࣭࣏ ࣤ, chøjin ㉰ெ; supernatural n chø shizen (no) ㉰⮤↓ࡡ superfluous adj yokei (na) ఴ゛࣬ ࡻࡄ࠷࡝ ; (surplus) kajø (no) 㐛๨ࡡ superintendent n kantoku ┐╡ superior 1. adj yüshü (na) ඁ⚵ ࡝ ; jøtø (no) ୕➴ࡡ ; ue (no)



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୕ࡡ , meue (no) ┘୕ࡡ 2. adj erái ೥࠷; masatte iru ົࡖ ࡙࠷ࡾ 3. n a superior menue no hitó ┘୕ࡡெ supermarket n sü´på ࢪ࣭ࣂ࣭, sü´på-må´ketto ࢪ࣭ࣂ࣭࣏࣭ࢢ ࢴࢹ supervise v kantoku shimásu ┐╡ ࡊࡱࡌ supervisor n kantoku ┐╡, sü´påbaizå ࢪ࣭ࣂ࣭ࣁ࢕ࢧ࣭ supper n ban-góhan ᬄࡇ㣜, yüshoku ኟ㣏, yü-han ኟ㣜 supplement n hosoku ⿭㊂, zøho ቌ⿭; (pills) sapuriment ࢦࣈ࣒ࣛ ࣤࢹ, sapuri ࢦࣈࣛ; food ~seiyøhojo-shokuhinᰜ㣬⿭ຐ㣏ဗ supplies n …-yø´hin …⏕ဗ, (necessities) hitsuju-hin ᚪ㞺ဗ, (expendables) shømø-hin ᾐ⪎ဗ supply 1. v supplies it kyøkyü shimásu ౩⤝ࡊࡱࡌ; hokyü shimásu ⿭⤝ࡊࡱࡌ → provide → give → sell 2. supply(ing) n kyøkyü ౩⤝; hokyü ⿭⤝ support 1. n (approval) sansei ㈮ ᠺ, sandø ㈮ྜྷ; (backing, help) køen ᚃᥴ, bákku-appu ࣁࢴࢠ ࢓ࢴࣈ, øen ᚺᥴ; (aid) énjo ᥴ ຐ, sapøto ࢦ࣭࣎ࢹ 2. v (~s it) øen shimásu ᚺᥴࡊࡱࡌ, bákkuappu shimásu ࣁࢴࢠ࢓ࢴࣈࡊࡱ ࡌ; (props it) sasaemásu ᨥ࠻ࡱ ࡌ; (endorses) shíji shimásu ᨥ ᣚࡊࡱࡌ supporter n (football) fan ࣆ࢒ࣤ suppose v … to shimásu …࡛ࡊ



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swab



ࡱࡌ; sø omoimásu ࡐ࠹ᛦ࠷ࡱ ࡌ → think → imagine supposition n katei ௫ᏽ; (conjecture) suisoku ᥆ῼ suppress v appaku shimásu ᅸ㏍ ࡊࡱࡌ surcharge n tsuika-ryøkin ㏛ຊ ᩩ㔘 sure adj táshika (na) ☔࠾࣬ࡒࡊ࠾ ࡝ ; for sure adv kanarazu ᚪࡍ ࣬࠾࡝ࡼࡍ, táshika ni ☔࠾࡞࣬ ࡒࡊ࠾࡞, zé-hi ࡏࡥ࣬᫕㟸; make sure v tashikamemásu ☔࠾ࡴࡱ ࡌ࣬ࡒࡊ࠾ࡴࡱࡌ; to make sure nen no tamé (ni) ᛍࡡࡒࡴ>Ⅵ@ ࡞ ; to be sure adv móttómo ࡵ ࡖ࡛ࡵ → of course surely adv kitto ࡀࡖ࡛ surf 1. n yoseru-nami ᐞࡎࡾἴ 2. v så´fin o shimásu ࢦ࣭ࣆ࢔ ࣤࢅࡊࡱࡌ; (to surf the Internet) netto så´fin o shimásu ࢾࢴࢹࢦ ࣭ࣆ࢔ࣤࢅࡊࡱࡌ surface 1. n mén 㟻, hyømén ⾪㟻; (top) uwabe ࠹ࢂ࡬࣬୕㎮; entire ~ zenmen ධ㟻 2. v (becomes known) barémásu ࡣࡿࡱࡌ surgeon n geká-i አ⛁༈ surgery n (surgical operation) shújutsu ᡥ⾙; (as a medical specialty) geka አ⛁ surmise 1. n suisoku ᥆ῼ 2. v suisoku shimásu ᥆ῼࡊࡱࡌ surpass v suguremásu ඁࡿ>ࡌ ࡃࡿ@ࡱࡌ, nukimásu ᢜࡀࡱࡌ, masarimásu ົࡽࡱࡌ surplus n yoyü ఴ⿩; kajø (no) 㐛



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๨ࡡ surprised; gets ~ bikkúri shimásu ࡦࡖࡂࡽࡊࡱࡌ, odorokimásu 㦣ࡀࡱࡌ surrender n, v køfuku/køsan shimásu 㜾ఄ㜾ཤࡊࡱࡌ surround v kakomimásu ᅑࡲࡱࡌ; (centers on) megurimásu ᕙࡽ ࡱࡌ surrounding 1. adj the ~ … shühen no … ࿔㎮ࡡ… 2. adj (centering on) … o megutte …ࢅᕙ ࡖ࡙3. surroundings n shü´i ࿔ᅑ sushi n (o-)súshi ࠽ ࡌࡊ>ᑋྒྷ࣬ 㩟@, sushí ࡌࡊ࣬ᑋྒྷ࣬㩟 suspect 1. v utagaimásu ␪࠷ࡱࡌ 2. n yøgí-sha ᐖ␪⩽ suspend v 1. (hangs it) tsurimásu ྛࡽࡱࡌ, burasagemásu ࡩࡼ ୖࡅࡱࡌ 2. (stops in the midst) chüshi shimásu ୯Ḿࡊࡱࡌ suspenders n zubón-tsuri ࢫ࣍ࣤ ࡗࡽ, sasupendå ࢦࢪ࣋ࣤࢱ࣭ suspense n sasupensu ࢦࢪ࣋ࣤࢪ; suspense film n sasupensu eiga ࢦ ࢪ࣋ࣤࢪ᫆⏤ suspension n (stoppage) teishi ೳ Ḿ, (abeyance) chüshi ୯Ḿ suspicious adj fushigi (na) ୘ᛦ ㆗࡝ , ayashii ᛱࡊ࠷, ikagawashíi ࠷࠾࠿ࢂࡊ࠷ sustain v (incurs) kømurimásu ⿍ ࡽ>ࡆ࠹ࡳࡽ@ࡱࡌ sutra n (Buddhist scripture) o-kyø ࠽⤊, kyøten ⤊඼ swab n (scrub) tawashi ࡒࢂࡊ࣬



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swallow



ࢰ࣠ࢨ, (cotton) watá ⥝, (earpick) mimikákí ⪝࠾ࡀ swallow 1. n (bird) tsubame ࡗࡣ ࡴ࣬ࢵࣁ࣒࣬⇡ 2. v (ingests) nomi-komimásu 㣟ࡲ㎰ࡲࡱࡌ swamp n numá ἗ swan n hakuchø Ⓣ㫵࣬ࣀࢠࢲࣘࢗ sway v 1. (it ~s) yuremásu ᥺ࡿࡱ ࡌ 2. (~s it) yusu-burimásu ᥺ࡌ ࡩࡽࡱࡌ, yurimásu ᥺ࡽࡱࡌ swear v 1. (vows) chikaimásu ㄃࠷ ࡱࡌ 2. (reviles) nonoshirimásu ࡡࡡࡊࡽࡱࡌ࣬⨤ࡽࡱࡌ sweat n, v áse (ga demásu) ổ࠿ ฝࡱࡌ sweater n së´tå ࢬ࣭ࢰ࣭ sweep v søji shimásu ᤪ㝎ࡊࡱࡌ; hakimásu ᤪࡀࡱࡌ sweet adj amai ⏉࠷; sweet and sour adj amazuppai ⏉㓗ࡖࡤ࠷; sweet roll with beanjam inside n anpan ࠵ࢆ ࣂࣤ sweetheart n ii-hito ࠷࠷ெ, koibito ᜂெ sweet potato n satsuma-imo ࡈࡗࡱ >ⷻ᦮@Ⱆ࣬ࢦࢵ࣏࢕࣓ → potato swell adj (splendid) suteki (na) ࡌ ࡙ࡀ>⣪ᩓ@࡝ , (terrific) sugói ࡌࡇ࠷࣬෴࠷ swell v ~s (up) haremásu ⭐ࡿ>ࡢ ࡿ@ࡱࡌ; fukuramimásu ⭶ࡼࡲ >ࡨࡂࡼࡲ@ࡱࡌ, fukuremásu ⭶ ࡿ>ࡨࡂࡿ@ࡱࡌ swelling n hare-mono ⭐ࡿ∸; dekí-mónó ࡚ࡀࡵࡡ࣬ฝᮮ∸, o-déki ࠽࡚ࡀ; (bump) kobú ࡆࡩ࣬⒏



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swim 1. n (hitó-)oyogi ࡥ࡛ ὃࡁ 2. v oyogimásu ὃࡁࡱࡌ; swim suit n mizu-gi Ề╌ swimming n oyogí ὃࡁ, suiei Ề ὃ, suimingu ࢪ࢕࣐ࣤࢡ; ~ pool pü´ru ࣈ࣭ࣜ swing 1. v (it ~s) yuremásu ᥺ࡿ ࡱࡌ 2. v (~s it) yusuburimásu ᥺ࡌࡩࡽࡱࡌ, yurimásu ᥺ࡽࡱ ࡌ 3. n (a ~) búranko ࡩࡼࢆࡆ 4. gets into the ~ of things chøshi ni norimásu ㄢᏄ࡞஋ࡽࡱࡌ, chøshi ga demásu ㄢᏄ࠿ฝࡱࡌ swipe v kapparaimásu ࠾ࡖࡤࡼ࠷ ࡱࡌ; nusumimásu ┈ࡲࡱࡌ Swiss 1. adj Súisu no ࢪ࢕ࢪࡡ 2. n (person) Suisú-jin ࢪ࢕ࢪெ switch n suítchi ࢪ࢕ࢴࢲ Switzerland n Súisu ࢪ࢕ࢪ sword n kataná ภ syllable n onsetsu 㡚⟿ symbol n shinboru ࢨࣤ࣍ࣜ, [BOOKISH] shøchø ㇗ᚡ; (mark) kigø エྒ; symbol of peace n heiwa no shøchø ᖲ࿰ࡡ㇗ᚡ, heiwa no shinboru ᖲ࿰ࡡࢨࣤ࣍ࣜ symmetry n tsuriai 㔦ࡽྙ࠷࣬ࡗ ࡽ࠵࠷; taiø ᑊᚺ sympathize v ~s with … ni døjø shimásu …࡞ྜྷ᝗ࡊࡱࡌ;



(takes into consideration) … o kumimásu …ࢅỦࡲࡱࡌ; sasshimásu ᐳࡊࡱࡌ sympathy n døjø ྜྷ᝗, kyøkan භវ symptom n (sign) shirushi ࡊࡾࡊ >ᚡ@; shøjø ⑍≟; (unusual state) ijø ␏ᖏ 592



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take



syndrome n (medical) shøkøgun ⑍ು⩄, shindorømu ࢨࣤࢺ࣭࣑ࣞ synthesis n søgø ⥪ྙ syphilis n (medical) baidoku ᱭẐ Syria n shiria ࢨࣛ࢓ syringe n (for injections) chüsháki Ἰᑏჹ; (for water) chüsúiki Ἰ Ềჹ



syrup n shíróppu ࢨࣞࢴࣈ system n soshiki ⤄⧂, séido โ ᗐ, taikei మ⣌, chitsujo ⛓ᗆ, shisutemu ࢨࢪࢷ࣑ systematic adj kichømen na ࡀࡔ ࡺ࠹ࡴࢆ࡝, kisoku-tadashii ぜ์ ḿࡊ࠷, tejundøri no ᡥ㡨㏳ࡽࡡ



T tab n tsumami ࡗࡱࡲ; tábu ࢰࣇ → bill tabby n tora neko ࢹࣚ⊟ table n 1. tëburu ࢷ࣭ࣇࣜ, táku ༜; (dinner table) shokutaku 㣏༜ 2. (list) hyø ⾪; (inventory) mokuroku ┘㘋; multiplication table n kakezan hyø ᤻ࡄ⟤⾪; table lamp n denki sutando 㞹Ẵࢪࢰࣤ ࢺ; table of contents, TOC n mokuji ┘ḗ; table salt n shokúen 㣏ሲ, shokutakú-en 㣏༜ሲ tablet n (pill) jøzai 㗼๠, taburetto ࢰࣇࣝࢴࢹ; (note pad) memochø ࣒࣓ᖋ taboo n tabü ࢰࣇ࣭; kinki ⚏ᚯ taciturn adj mukuchi (na) ↋ཾ ࡝ ; [BOOKISH] kamoku (na) ᐵ 㯪࡝ tack 1. n byø´ ࡦࡺ࠹࣬㗡; (sewing) shi-tsuke ௘௛ࡄ 2. v ~s it on the wall … o kabe ni byø´ de tomemásu …ࢅባ࡞ࡦࡺ ࠹>㗡@࡚⏻ࡴࡱࡌ; (with thread) shi-tsukemásu ௘௛ࡄࡱࡌ



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tackle n takkuru ࢰࢴࢠࣜ tact n 1. kiten ᶭ㌷, saiki ᡧẴ 2. kanshoku វよ tactics n (strategy) senjutsu ᡋ⾙, sakusen షᡋ tadpole n otamajakushi ࢛ࢰ࣏ࢩ ࣔࢠࢨ tag n fuda ᮈ; (baggage/package ~) ní-fuda Ⲭᮈ, tagu ࢰࢡ; name tag n na fuda ྞᮈ tail n shippó ࡊࡖࡰ࣬ᑶᑹ, ó ᑹ tailor n shitate-ya ௘❟ᒁ, yøfukuya Ὂ᭱ᒁ Taiwan n Taiwan ྋ‬; a Taiwanese Taiwán-jin ྋ‬ெ Tajikistan n Tajikisutan ࢰࢩ࢞ࢪ ࢰࣤ take v 1. torimásu ཱིࡽࡱࡌ, totte/ motte ikimásu ཱིࡖ࡙ᣚࡖ࡙⾔ ࡀࡱࡌ 2. hipparimásu ᘤࡖᘿࡽ ࡱࡌ 3. (requires) yø-shimásu こࡊࡱࡌ; (requires time/money) (jikan/kane ga) kakarimásu ᫤ 㛣㔘࠿ ࠾࠾ࡽࡱࡌ 4. (incurs) ukemásu ུࡄࡱࡌ; (accepts;



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understands) uke-torimásu ུࡄ ཱིࡽࡱࡌ; ~ it seriously honki ni shimásu ᮇẴ࡞ࡊࡱࡌ; ~ one’s blood pressure ketsuatsu o hakarimásu ⾉ᅸࢅ゛ࡽࡱࡌ; take advantage of v … o riyø shimásu … ࢅฺ⏕ࡊࡱࡌ; zu ni norimásu ᅒ࡞஋ࡽࡱࡌ; take away v totte ikimásu ཱིࡖ࡙⾔ࡀࡱࡌ; (confis-



㞫㝛; take offense v shaku ni sawarimásu ࡊࡶࡂ>Ⓕ@࡞ࡈࢂࡽ>㝸 ࡽ@ࡱࡌ; take over v hiki-tori/ tsugimásu ᘤࡀཱིࡽ⤽ࡁࡱࡌ; (illegally seizes) nottorimásu ஋ ࡖཱིࡽࡱࡌ; takeover n (illegal seizure) nottorijíken ஋ࡖཱིࡽ஥ ௲; take pains v honé o orimásu 㦭ࢅᢙࡽࡱࡌ; take refuge v hínan cates, deprives of) tori-agemásu shimásu 㑂㞬ࡊࡱࡌ; take responཱིࡽ୕ࡅࡱࡌ; (clears from table) sibility for v (responsibility for sagemásu ୖࡅࡱࡌ; take aim v situation) … o hiki-ukemásu … nerai o tsukemásu ≲࠷ࢅࡗࡄࡱ ࢅᘤࡀུࡄࡱࡌ, … no sekinin ࡌ; take apart v barashimásu ࡣࡼ o tori/oimásu …ࡡ㈈௴ࢅཱིࡽ ࡊࡱࡌ; take care of v ① (handles) ㇿ࠷ࡱࡌ … o shóri shimásu …ࢅฌ⌦ࡊ takeaway, takeout n (food) (o-) ࡱࡌ ② (~ a person) … no sewá mochikaeri ࠽ ᣚࡔᖉࡽ tale n (o-)hanashí ࠽ ヨ, monoo shimásu … ࡡୠヨࢅࡊࡱࡌ, ... no mendø´o mimásu …ࡡ㟻 gátari ∸ㄊ; fairy tale n yøsei mono಻ࢅࡲࡱࡌ; Take care (of yourself). gatari ዺ⢥∸ㄊ, otogi-banashi interj O-daiji ni! ࠽ኬ஥࡞!; take ᚒఝᄆ࣬࠽࡛ࡁヨ; old tale n charge of … v ... o hiki-ukemásu mukashi-banashi ᪿヨ …ࢅᘤࡀུࡄࡱࡌ, tannin/tantø talent n sainø ᡧ⬗, sái ᡧ; (pershimásu ᢰ௴ᢰᙔࡊࡱࡌ; take sonality) tarento ࢰࣝࣤࢹ; ~ down v oroshimásu ୖࢀࡊ>㜾ࢀ agency n geinø purodakushon ࡊ@ࡱࡌ; take effect v (is effective) ⰹ⬗ࣈࣞࢱࢠࢨࣘࣤ kikimásu ຝࡀࡱࡌ; take fright v talisman (of a shrine) n o-fuda ࠽ kowagarimásu ᛟ࠿ࡽ>ࡆࢂ࠿ࡽ@ ᮈ, go-fu ㆜➚, o-mamori ࠽Ꮼࡽ ࡱࡌ; take in(to) v iremásu ථࡿࡱ talk 1. n hanashí ヨ; (conference, ࡌ; take in trust v azukarimásu 㡰 discussion) hanashi-ai ヨࡊྙ࠷, ࠾ࡽࡱࡌ; Take it easy. interj ① (consultation) sødan ┞ㄧ → speech 2. v (speaks) hanashimásu Go-yukkúri. ࡇࡹࡖࡂࡽ. ② → good-bye; take off v ① (removes) ヨࡊࡱࡌ; ~ together hanashihazushimásu አࡊࡱࡌ; (clothes, aimásu ヨࡊྙ࠷ࡱࡌ; talk back v shoes, etc.) nugimásu, ⬲ࡁࡱࡌ kuchi-gotae o shimásu ཾ➽࠻ࢅ ② (plane) ririku shimásu 㞫㝛ࡊ ࡊࡱࡌ; talk big v (boost) hora o ࡱࡌ; take-off n (of a plane) ririku fukimásu ࡮ࡼࢅྻࡱࡌ࣬ࡨࡂ 594



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tavern



ࡱࡌ talkative adj hanashizuki (na) ヨࡊ ይࡀ࡝ , oshaberi (na) ࠽ࡊࡶ࡬ ࡽ࣬࠽ႁࡽ࡝ tall adj takái 㧏࠷; (of body height) sé ga takái ⫴࠿㧏࠷; tall story n (unbelivable story) ࡮ࡼ>Ἢ⼲@ tambourine n tanbarin ࢰࣤࣁࣛࣤ tame v ~ it narashimásu 㤾ࡼࡊࡱ ࡌ, kainarashimásu 㣣࠷ៈࡼࡊ ࡱࡌ tan n hiyake ᪝↕ࡄ; tanned adj hiyakeshita ᪝↕ࡄࡊࡒ tandem n tandemu ࢰࣤࢸ࣑,



tapestry n tapesutorii ࢰ࣋ࢪࢹ ࣭ࣛ tar n tåru ࢰ࣭ࣜ target n mato Ⓩ, taishø ᑊ㇗; (goal) mokuhyø ┘ᵾ, tågetto ࢰ ࣭ࢣࢴࢹ tariff n kanzei 㛭⛧ tart n (pie) taruto ࢰࣜࢹ; tart pastry n taruto kiji ࢰࣜࢹ⏍ᆀ task n shigoto ௘஥; tasuku ࢰࢪࢠ tassel n fusa ᡛ taste 1. n (flavor) aji ࿝, fümi 㢴 ࿝; (has flavor) aji ga shimásu ࿝࠿ࡊࡱࡌ 2. (liking) shúmi ㉻ ࿝; tësuto ࢷ࣭ࢪࢹ, sensu ࢬࣤ futarinori-yø (no) jitensha/ jidensha ஦ெ஋ࡽ⏕ࡡ ⮤㌷㌬ ࢪ, (o-)konomi ࠽ ይࡲ; simple tangerine n (Mandarin orange) (modest) ~s wabi ࢂࡦ࣬౦ࡦ; bitter taste of life n (jinsei no) nigai míkan ࡲ࠾ࢆ࣐࣬࢜ࣤ࣬⻜᯷ tangible adj gutai-teki (na) රమⓏ keiken ெ⏍ࡡ ⱖ࠷⤊㥺; good ࡝ taste n yoi shumi Ⰳ࠷㉻࿝, ii tangle n (entanglement) motsure sensu ࠷࠷ࢬࣤࢪ; sweet taste n ࡵࡗࡿ࣬⦱ࡿ amai aji ⏉࠷࿝, kanmi ⏉࿝ tango n tango ࢰࣤࢥ taste v (~s it) ajiwaimásu ࿝ࢂ࠷ tank n tanku ࢰࣤࢠ ࡱࡌ, namemásu ࡝ࡴ>⯅ࡴ@ࡱࡌ; tanker n tankå ࢰ࣭ࣤ࢜ (tries eating it) tábete mimásu Tanzania n Tanzania ࢰࣤࢧࢼ࢓ 㣏࡬࡙ࡲࡱࡌ tap 1. v (karuku) tatakimásu tasty adj oishii ࠽࠷ࡊ࠷࣬⨶࿝ࡊ ㍅ࡂ ྄ࡀࡱࡌ࣬ࡒࡒࡀࡱࡌ ࠷, umái ࠹ࡱ࠷࣬᪠࠷࣬⨶࿝࠷, 2. v tøchø shimásu ┈⫀ࡊࡱࡌ bimi ⨶࿝ 3. n jaguchi ⺤ཾ 4. n (taptatami n tatami ࡒࡒࡲ࣬␒ daicing) ࢰࢴࣈࢱࣤࢪ; tap water tattoo n ire-zumi ථࡿቕ࣬ๆ㟯 taught → teach; is taught osowarin suidøsui Ề㐠Ề tape n të´pu ࢷ࣭ࣈ; himo ࡥࡵ࣬ másu ᩅࢂࡽࡱࡌ ⣛; adhesive tape n bansøkø⤆๭ taut; stretched ~ pin-to hatta ࣅࣤ ⭧࣬ࡣࢆࡐ࠹ࡆ࠹; adhesive cello࡛ᘿࡖࡒ phane tape n serohan tëpu ࢬࣞࣀ tavern n nomí-ya 㣟ࡲᒁ; izaka-ya ࣤࢷ࣭ࣈ ᑽ㒿ᒁ



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tax



tax n zéi ⛧, zeikin ⛧㔘; ~ (revenue) stamp shünyü-ínshi ཭ ථ༰⣤; consumption tax n shøhi zei ᾐ㈕⛧; income tax n shotoku zei ᡜᚋ⛧; national tax n koku zei; tax-free adj menzei (no) ඞ⛧ ࡡ ; ~ shop menzei-ten ඞ⛧ᗉ; tax refund n zeikin (no) kanpu ⛧ 㔘ࡡ 㑇௛ taxi n tákushii ࢰࢠࢨ࣭, ~ stand/ station takushii nori-ba ࢰࢠࢨ ࣭஋ࡽሔ tea n cha Ⲍ; (green) ryoku-cha ⥫Ⲍ, o-cha ࠽Ⲍ; (black) køcha ⣒ Ⲍ, tii ࢷ࢔࣭; (powdered green, for tea ceremony) matcha ᢧⲌ; Japanese tea n nihon cha ᪝ᮇⲌ; tea bag n tii baggu ࢷ࢔࣭ࣁࢴࢡ; teacake n (o-)cha-gáshi ࠽ Ⲍⳣ Ꮔ; tea ceremony n o-cha ࠽Ⲍ, chano-yu Ⲍࡡ…, sadø Ⲍ㐠; teacup n yunomí …㣟ࡲ; (also ricebowl) (o-)cháwan ࠽ Ⲍ◿; teapot n do-bin ࡜ࡦࢆ࣬ᅰ⎴, kyüsu ࡀࡸ࠹ࡌ࣬᛬㡪, cha-bin ࡔࡶࡦࢆ࣬Ⲍ⎴; tearoom n kissaten ႖Ⲍᗉ; (for tea ceremony) (o-)chashitsu ࠽ Ⲍᐄ; tea scoop



classroom ~ júgyø ᤭ᴏ; ~ hours jugyø-jíkan ᤭ᴏ᫤㛣; teaching materials n kyøzai ᩅᮞ team n chíimu ࢲ࣭࣑ team up (with) (… to) kumimásu …࡛ ⤄ࡲࡱࡌ teamwork n chiimu-wå´ku ࢲ࣭࣑ ࣭࣠ࢠ, kyødø sagyø භྜྷషᴏ tear 1. n (in eye) námida ᾞ; burst into tears v watto nakidashimásu ࢂࡖ࡛ἵࡀฝࡊࡱࡌ; tears of joy n ureshinamida Ꭺࡊᾞ 2. v (~s it) sakimásu ⿛ࡀࡱࡌ, yaburimásu ◒ࡽࡱࡌ; ~s into pieces chigirimásu ༐วࡽࡱࡌ 3. v (it ~s) sakemásu ⿛ࡄࡱࡌ, yaburemásu



◒ࡿࡱࡌ tearful adj namidagunda ᾞࡃࢆࡓ; tearful eyes n namidagunda me ᾞ ࡃࢆࡓ┘; tearful farewell n namida no wakare ᾞࡡืࡿ; tearful look n nakisø na kao ἵࡀࡐ࠹࡝㢞 tease v (pokes fun at) karakaimásu ࠾ࡼ࠾࠷ࡱࡌ; (torments) ijimemásu ࠷ࡋࡴࡱࡌ࣬ⱌࡴࡱࡌ technical adj senmon-teki (na) ᑍ 㛓Ⓩ࡝ ; tekunikaru (na) ࢷࢠࢼ ࢜ࣜ࡝ n (for tea ceremony) chashaku technician n gijutsu-ka ᢇ⾙ᐓ Ⲍᮠ; tea party n o-chakai ࠽Ⲍఌ technique n gíjutsu ᢇ⾙; waza ᢇ; teach v oshiemásu ᩅ࠻ࡱࡌ tekunikku ࢷࢠࢼࢴࢠ teacher n senséi ඙⏍; (schoolteenager n tiin eijå ࢷ࢔࣭࢙ࣤ࢕ teacher) gakkø no senséi Ꮥᰧࡡ ࢩ࣭ࣔ; jüdai (no hito) ௥ࡡ ඙⏍, (instructor) kyø´shi ᩅᖅ; ெ ; jüsan sai kara jükyü sai 13 head teacher n køchø (sensei) ᰧ ṋ࠾ࡼ19ṋ 㛏඙⏍ teeth → tooth teaching n kyøju ᩅ᤭, oshie ᩅ࠻; Teheran n Teheran ࢷࣉࣚࣤ



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tempura



telecast n terebi høsø ࢷࣝࣄᨲ㏞ telecommunication n (denki) tsüshin 㞹Ẵ ㏳ಘ teleconference n denwa kaigi 㞹ヨ ఌ㆗; terebi kaigi ࢷࣝࣄఌ㆗ telegram n denpø (o uchimásu) 㞹 ሒࢅᡬࡔࡱࡌ telephone 1. n = ~ call denwa 㞹ヨ; mobile ~/cell-phone keitai denwa ᦘᖈ㞹ヨ touch-tone ~ n pusshúhon ࣈࢴࢨࣖ࣌ࣤ; telephone card n terehon kådo ࢷ࣭ࣝ࣌ࣤ࢜ࢺ; telephone number n denwa-bángø 㞹ヨ␊ྒ; telephone operator n (denwa-)køkán-shu 㞹ヨ ஹᥦ ᡥ, (denwa) operëtå 㞹ヨ ࢛࣋ ࣭ࣝࢰ࣭ 2. v ~s (… ni) denwa o kakemásu/shimasu …࡞ 㞹ヨ ࢅ࠾ࡄࡱࡌࡊࡱࡌ telescope n bøenkyø ᭻㐪㙶 television n térebi ࢷࣝࣄ, terebíjon ࢷࣝࣄࢩࣘࣤ telex n terekkusu ࢷࣝࢴࢠࢪ tell v 1. iimásu ゕ࠷ࡱࡌ; (relates) nobemásu ㏑࡬ࡱࡌ; katarimásu ㄊࡽࡱࡌ 2. (informs one of) … no mimí ni iremásu …⪝࡞ථࡿ ࡱࡌ, … ni kikasemásu; …࡞⪲ ࠾ࡎࡱࡌ, … ni tsugemásu …࡞ ࿈ࡅࡱࡌ 3. (instructs) oshiemásu ᩅ࠻ࡱࡌ; ~ on (tattles) ii-tsukemásu ゕ࠷௛ࡄࡱࡌ teller n 1. (narrator) hanashite ヨ ࡊᡥ; katarite ㄊࡽᡥ 2. (bank) (ginkø no) suitø-gakari (㖗⾔ࡡ ฝ⣙౿; story teller n sutørii terå ࢪࢹ࣭࣭ࣛ࣬ࢷ࣭ࣚ



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temper 1. n (disposition) ijí ណᆀ; táchi ࡒࡔ࣬㈹, ténsei ኮᛮ, táido ឺᗐ 2. v (forges metal) kitaemásu 㘣࠻ࡱࡌ; be in a bad temper v kigen ga warui desu ᶭ᎒࠿ᝇ࠷ ࡚ࡌ; lose one’s temper v tanki o okoshimásu ▯Ẵࢅ㉫ࡆࡊࡱࡌ temperament n ténsei ኮᛮ; kishitsu Ẵ㈹ temperature n óndo Ὼᗐ; (of body) taion మῺ; (fever) netsú ⇍; (air) kion ẴῺ; (room air) shitsuon ᐄῺ temple n 1. (Asian) (o-)tera ࠽ ᑈ; …-ji …ᑈ 2. shinden ♼Ẃ 3. (flat part on each side of the head) komekami ࡆࡴ࠾ࡲ; temple bell n tsurigane 㔦ࡽ㚕; temple fair n énnichi ⦍᪝ temporal adj 1. ichiji-teki (na) ୌ ᫤Ⓩ࡝ 2. sokutø-bu (no) ഁ 㢄㒂ࡡ temporary adj rinji (no) ⮣᫤ࡡ , tøza (no) ᙔᗑࡡ ; (passing) ichíji (no) ୌ᫤ࡡ , ichiji-teki (na) ୌ᫤Ⓩ࡝ ; (tentative) kari (no) ௫ࡡ , ka-… ௫…; temporary availability n ichiji-teki ni riyø kanø ୌ᫤Ⓩ࡞ฺ⏕ྊ⬗, ichijiteki ni nyüshu kanø ୌ᫤Ⓩ࡞ථ ᡥྊ⬗; temporary ceasefire n ichiji teisen ୌ᫤ೳᡋ tempt v sasoimásu ㄇ࠷ࡱࡌ temptation n sasoi ㄇ࠷, yüwaku ㄇᝠ tempura n tenpura ࡙ࢆࡪࡼ࣬ࢷࣤ ࣈࣚ࣬ኮ㯉፦ ⨮



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ten



ten n jü´ ༎࣬10, tø´ ༎࣬10; ten days tøka ༎᪝࣬10᪝ tenant n (of apartment, room) magari-nin 㛣ೇெ, nyükyó-sha ථᑽ⩽, tenanto ࢷࢻࣤࢹ; tenant owner n tenanto no ønå ࢷࢻࣤࢹ ࡡ࢛࣭ࢻ࣭ tend (to do/happen) v yóku … (shimásu) ࡻࡂ…ࡊࡱࡌ ; (shi)-yasúi desu ࡊ ࡷࡌ࠷࡚ࡌ tendency n keikø ലྡྷ tender → gentle, soft → hurt tenderness n nasake ᝗ࡄ tennis n ténisu ࢷࢼࢪ; tennis court n tenisu køto ࢷࢼࢪࢤ࣭ࢹ tenor n ténå ࢷࢻ࣭, tenøru ࢷࢿ ࣭ࣜ tense v (taut) hatte imásu ᘿࡖ࡙ ࠷ࡱࡌ; (strained) kinchø shite imásu ⥥ᘿࡊ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ; (situation) kinpaku shimásu ⥥㏍ࡊࡱࡌ tension n kinchø ⥥ᘿ; tenshon ࢷࣤࢨࣘࣤ tent n ténto ࢷࣤࢹ tentative adj kari (no) ௫ࡡ tenth adj jü-banmé (no) ༎␊┘ ࡡ , tø-mé (no) ༎┘ࡡ ; the ~ day tøka-mé ༎᪝┘, (of the month) tøka ༎᪝࣬10᪝; ~ floor juk-kai ༎㝭 ten thousand n mán ୒࣬10,000, ichi-mán ୌ୒࣬10,000 term n (period) kikán ᭿㛣, (time limit) kígen ᭿㝀; (of school) gakki Ꮥ᭿; (technical word) senmon-yøgo ᑍ㛓⏕ㄊ, yøgo ⏕ㄊ; (stipulation) jøken ᮪௲



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terminal (place), terminus n shüten ⤂Ⅴ; hatchaku-chi Ⓠ╌ᆀ; tåminaru ࢰ࣭࣐ࢻࣜ terms n (between people) náka ௯ terrible adj (mono-)sugói ࡵࡡ ࡌࡇ࠷࣬∸ ෴࠷, taihen (na) ኬ ን࡝ ; (severe) hidoi ࡥ࡜࠷࣬ 㓖࠷; (frightening) osoroshíi ᜅ ࢀࡊ࠷; (shocking) tonde-mo nái ࡛ࢆ࡚ࡵ࡝࠷, tonda ࡛ࢆࡓ terribly adv súgóku ࡌࡇࡂ࣬෴ࡂ, mono-súgóku ࡵࡡࡌࡇࡂ࣬∸෴ ࡂ, taihen ኬን; hídoku ࡥ࡜ࡂ࣬ 㓖ࡂ; osoróshiku ᜅࢀࡊࡂ; (unbearably) yáke ni ࡷࡄ࡞ terrific adj sugói ࡌࡇ࠷෴࠷, kowái ࡆࢂ࠷࣬ᛟ࠷ territory n ryø´do 㡷ᅰ, ryø´chi 㡷ᆀ, teritorii ࢷࣛࢹ࣭ࣛ, nawabari ⦎ᘿࡽ terror n kyø´fu ᜅᛟ; reign of terror n kyø´fu jidai ᜅᛟ᫤௥ terrorism n téro ࢷࣞ terrorist n terorisuto ࢷࣞࣛࢪࢹ test n 1. shikén ム㥺, tésuto ࢷࢪ ࢹ; (check of blood, etc.) kénsa ᳠ᰕ → trial → experiment 2. → try; achievement test n gakuryoku shiken Ꮥງム㥺; blood test n ketsueki kensa ⾉ᾦ᳠ᰕ; DNA test n dii enu ei kantei DNA 㚯ᏽ; eye test n shiryoku kensa ちງ᳠ᰕ; hearing test n ① (checkup) chøryoku kensa ⫀ງ᳠ᰕ ② (exam) hiyaringu tesuto ࣃࣕࣛࣤࢡ࣬ ࢷࢪࢹ, kikitori shiken ⪲ࡀཱིࡽ ム㥺; routine test n (examination)



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teiki shiken ᏽ᭿ム㥺; test tube n thanks n (gratitude) kansha (no shiken-kan ム㥺⟮ kotobá) វㅨࡡゕⴝ ; (o-)rei testament n (will) yuigon 㐿ゕ; ࠽ ♡; ~ to your solicitude the Old/New ~ Kyü-/Shin-yaku okagesama de ࠽ⶩࡈࡱ࡚ ᪟᩺⣑ thanksgiving n 1. (gratitude) kansha testicle(s) n kintámá 㔘⋚, (medical) វㅨ 2. (day) kansha-sai វㅨ⚅ that pron 1. (one) sore ࡐࡿ, soitsu køgan ╲୷ testify v shøgen shimásu チゕࡊ ࡐ࠷ࡗ, (of two) sochira/sotchí ࡱࡌ ࡐࡔࡼࡐࡖࡔ; (over there; obtestimony n shøgen チゕ vious) are ࠵ࡿ, (of two) achira/ Texas n Tekisasu ࢷ࢞ࢦࢪ atchí ࠵ࡔࡼ࠵ࡖࡔ; ~ damn text 1. n bun ᩝ, (computer) teki- one soitsu ࡐ࠷ࡗ, aitsu ࠵࠷ suto ࢷ࢞ࢪࢹ 2. v (mëru o) uchi- ࡗ, kyátsu ࡀࡶࡗ; to ~ extent másu ࣒࣭ࣜࢅ ᡬࡔࡱࡌ sonna ni ࡐࢆ࡝࡞; anna ni ࠵ࢆ textile n ori-mono ⧂∸; textile ࡝࡞ 2. that … sono … ࡐࡡ…; industry n sen’i sangyø ⦼⥌⏐ᴏ, ano … ࠵ࡡ…; (said/thought bøseki køgyø ⣫⦴ᕝᴏ that) … to …࡛; (which/who) ؐ texture n jí ᆀ, ori-ji ⧂ᆀ; kimé ࡀ not translated; that is to say adv ࡴ࣬⫑⌦; (touch) tezawari ᡥよ sunáwachi ࡌ࡝ࢂࡔ࣬༳ࡔ; that ࡽ࣬ᡥࡉࢂࡽ, shitsukan ㈹វ kind of adj sono/ano yø na ࡐࡡ Thailand n Tai ࢰ࢕ ࠵ࡡࡻ࠹>ᵕ@࡝, sø/å yü ࡐ࠹࠵ than … … yóri …ࡻࡽ ࠵ࡹ࠹, sonna/anna ࡐࢆ࡝࠵ࢆ࡝; thank v o-rei o iimásu ࠽♡ࢅゕ࠷ that place pron ① soko ࡐࡆ; soࡱࡌ; Thank you. interj Arígatø chira/sotchí ࡐࡔࡼࡐࡖࡔ ② gozaimásu. ࠵ࡽ࠿࡛࠹>᭯ࡽ㞬 (over there; obvious) asoko ࠵ࡐ ࠹@ࡇࡉ࠷ࡱࡌ; Dø´mo. ࡜࠹ࡵ; ࡆ, asuko ࠵ࡌࡆ; achira/atchí ࠵ Sumimasén ࡌࡲࡱࡎࢆ; osórei- ࡔࡼ࠵ࡖࡔ; that side n achirarimásu. ᜅࡿථࡽࡱࡌ; Thank you gawa ࠵ࡔࡼഁ; That’s right interj for the hard work. interj Go-kúrøsø´ (desu) ࡐ࠹࡚ࡌ sama (deshita) . ࡇⱖຘࡈࡱ࡚ that... 1. sono ...ࡐࡡ...; (over there; ࡊࡒ .; Thank you for the treat. interj obvious) ano ... ࠵ࡡ...; said/ Gochisø-sama (déshita) . ࡇ㤽㉦ thought that ... (sono yø ni) itta/ >ࡇࡔࡐ࠹@ࡈࡱ࡚ࡊࡒ ; thank-you kangaeta, omotta ࡐࡡࡻ࠹࡞ letter n o-rei no tegami ࠽♡ࡡᡥ ゕࡖࡒ⩻࠻ࡒ࣬ᛦࡖࡒ 2. [RE⣤, sankyü retå ࢦ࣭ࣤ࢞ࣖࣝࢰ LATIVE PRONOUN] = which..., who... ࣭; [BOOKISH] kansha-jø វㅨ≟, thatch n káya ࠾ࡷ࣬ⱬ, (straw) reijø ♡≟ wára ࢂࡼ࣬⸍, (grass) kusá ⲙ 599



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thaw



thaw v (it thaws) tokemásu ゆ⁈ ࡄࡱࡌ; (thaws it) tokashimásu ゆ⁈ ࠾ࡊࡱࡌ the article (usually not translated); ano … ࠵ࡡ…, hon- ᮇ… theater n (building) gekijyø ๸ ሔ, za ᗑ; (drama) engeki ⁿ๸, (play) shibai Ⱒᑽ, (traditional) kabuki ḯ⯑ః; the Kabuki ~ (building) Kabuki-za ḯ⯑ఃᗑ theft n nusumí ┈ࡲ, tønan ┈㞬 them, they pron (people) anóhitotachi ࠵ࡡெ㐡, káre-ra ᙴ➴ (or name/title/role + -tachi 㐡࣬ࡒ ࡔ); (things) soré-ra ࡐࡿࡼ theme n (topic) të´ma ࢷ࣭࣏, shudai ୹㢗; (composition) sakubun షᩝ; theme song n tëma songu ࢷ࣭࣏ࢮࣤࢡ; shudai-ka ୹㢗ḯ then adv (at that time) sono tókí ࡐࡡ᫤, tø´ji ᙔ᫤; (after that) sore kara ࡐࡿ࠾ࡼ; (in that case) sore nára ࡐࡿ࡝ࡼ; and/ well ~ sá-te ࡈ࡙ theology n shingaku ♼Ꮥ theory n riron ⌦ㄵ, rikutsu ⌦ᑿ, seorii ࢬ࢛࣭ࣛ, …-ron …ㄵ there adv soko (ni) ࡐࡆ࡞ ; (over ~) asoko/asuko (ni) ࠵ࡐ ࡆ࠵ࡌࡆ࡞ therefore adv dákara (sa) ࡓ࠾ࡼ ࡈ ; (accordingly) shitagatte ࡊࡒ࠿ࡖ࡙࣬ᚉࡖ࡙ there is/are … adv …ga arimásu … ࠿࠵ࡽࡱࡌ; ~ no … … ga (/wa) arimasén …࠿ࡢ ࠵ࡽࡱࡎࢆ



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thermal adj netsu (no) ⇍ࡡ ; thermal energy n netsu enerugii ⇍ ࢙ࢾ࣭ࣜ࢟ thermometer n ondo-kei Ὼᗐ゛; (body) taion-kei మῺ゛ these pron … kono … ࡆࡡ…; ~ (ones) koré-ra ࡆࡿࡼ; ~ damn ones koitsú-ra ࡆ࠷ࡗࡼ thesis n ronbun ㄵᩝ, gakuirónbun Ꮥనㄵᩝ they → them thick adj atsui ཉ࠷, buatsui ฦཉ ࠷࣬㒂ཉ࠷, atsubottai ཉ࡯ࡖࡒ ࠷; (and round) futói ኯ࠷; (dense, close) kói ⃨࠷ thief n dorobø ࡜ࢀ࡯࠹࣬ἶᲤ; [BOOKISH] zoku ㈣, tøzoku ┈㈣; sneak thief n koso-doro ࡆࡐ࡜ࢀ ࣬ࡆࡐἶ; akisu ✭ࡀᕛ thigh n mómo ࡵࡵ࣬⫝̸, futomomo ኯ⫝̸࣬ࡨ࡛ࡵࡵ thimble n yubi-núkí ᣞ࡟ࡀ thin 1. adj usui ⷟࠷; (and round) hosói ⣵࠷ 2. gets ~ (loses weight) yasemásu ࡷࡎ>⑥ࡎ@ࡱࡌ thing n monó ∸, yátsu ࡷࡗ࣬ዦ; (fact, matter) kotó ஥; things monógoto ∸஥; just the thing n, adj (ideal) motte-kói (no) ࡵࡖ ࡙ࡆ࠷ࡡ think v (that …) (… to) omoimásu … ࡛ ᛦ࠷ࡱࡌ, kangaemásu ⩻࠻ࡱࡌ third adj sanbanmé (no) ୔␊┘, mittsu-mé (no) ୔ࡗ┘ࡡ ; the ~ day mikka-mé ୔᪝┘, (of the month) mikka ୔᪝࣬3᪝; ~ or



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thrill



fourth san-yo-banmé (no) ୔, ᄿ ␊┘ࡡ ; third class adj san-tø (no) ୔➴ࡡ ; third floor n san-gai ୔㝭 thirsty adj nódo ga kawaita ࡡ࡜ >ၿ@࠿ῤ࠷ࡒ, nódo ga kawaite(i)ru ࡡ࡜>ၿ@࠿ῤ࠷࡙࠷ ࡾ thirteen n jü-san ༎୔࣬13 thirty n san-jü ୔༎࣬30; thirty percent n sán-wari ୔๪, sanjuppåsénto ୔༎ࣂ࣭ࢬࣤࢹ࣬30㸚 this pron 1. (one) kore ࡆࡿ, hon… ᮇ…; (of two) kochira/kotchí ࡆࡔࡼࡆࡖࡔ; ~ damn one koitsu ࡆ࠷ࡗ; to ~ extent konna ni ࡆࢆ࡝࡞ 2. this … kono … ࡆࡡ…; this afternoon adv, n kyø´no gógo ௑᪝ࡡ༔ᚃ; this kind of adj kono yø´na ࡆࡡࡻ࠹>ᵕ@ ࡝, kø yü ࡆ࠹ࡹ࠹, konna ࡆࢆ ࡝; this much adv konna ni ࡆࢆ࡝ ࡞; this place pron koko ࡆࡆ; kochira/kotchí ࡆࡔࡼࡆࡖࡔ; this side n kochira-gawa ࡆࡔࡼ ഁ; ~ of … no temae …ࡡᡥ๑; this time adv, n kóndo ௑ᗐ, íma ௑, kono tabí ࡆࡡࡒࡦ>ᗐ@; this way n (like this) kø ࡆ࠹ (kø´ࡆ ࠹ + [PARTICLE] or désu ࡚ࡌ ; (this direction) kochira/kotchí ࡆ ࡔࡼࡆࡖࡔ thorn n togé ࡛ࡅ࣬ࢹࢣ࣬Ც thorny adj 1. togé no øi ࡛ࡅ>ࢹࢣ ࣬Ც@ࡡኣ࠷ 2. ibara (no) ࢕ࣁࣚ ࣬Ⲁࡡ ; thorny problem n nandai 㞬㢗 thorough adj tettei-teki (na) ᚥᗇ Ⓩ࡝ ; (detailed) seimitsu (na)



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⢥ᐠ࡝ thoroughly adv tettei-teki ni ᚥᗇ Ⓩ࡞ those → them those … pron sono … ࡐࡡ…, ano … ࠵ࡡ…; ~ (ones) soré-ra ࡐࡿ ࡼ, aré-ra ࠵ࡿࡼ; ~ damn ones soitsú-ra ࡐ࠷ࡗࡼ, aitsú-ra ࠵࠷ ࡗࡼ; ~ present shussékí-sha ฝᖆ⩽; those days n tø´ji ᙔ᫤ though conj démo ࡚ࡵ, kéredo (mo) ࡄࡿ࡜ࡵ thought 1. n kangáe ⩻࠻, omói ᛦ࠷, shikø ᛦ⩻; shisø ᛦ᝷; (fulness) shíryo ᛦ៎ 2. → think thousand n sén ༐࣬1,000, is-sén ୌ༐࣬1,000; a ~ yen sen-en ༐ ළ࣬1,000 ළ thread n íto ⣊ threat n odoshi ⬛ࡊ, [BOOKISH] kyøhaku ⬛㏍ threaten v odo(ka)shimásu ⬛࠾ ࡊࡱࡌ threatening adj kyøhaku-teki (na) ⬛㏍Ⓩ࡝ ; threatening call n kyøhaku denwa ⬛㏍㞹ヨ three n san ୔࣬3, mittsú ୔ࡗ; san-… ୔ …, mi-… ୔…; suríi ࢪ࣭ࣛ; (people) san-nín ୔ெ, [BOOKISH] sánmei ୔ྞ threshold n 1. shikii ᩔᑽ 2. (threshold value) ikichi 㜀ೋ thrifty adj tsumashíi ࡗࡱࡊ࠷࣬ ೛ࡊ࠷, ken’yaku (na) ೛⣑࡝ , komakái ⣵࠾࠷ thrill 1. n súríru ࢪࣛࣜ 2. adj (is



thrilled) waku-waku/zokuzoku 601



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thrilling



shimásu ࢂࡂࢂࡂࡑࡂࡑࡂࡊ ࡱࡌ thrilling adj suriru o kanjisaseru ࢪ ࣛࣜࢅវࡋࡈࡎࡾ, waku-waku/ zokuzoku suru ࢂࡂࢂࡂࡑࡂࡑ ࡂࡌࡾ thrive v sakaemásu ᰜ࠻ࡱࡌ; uremásu ኉ࡿࡱࡌ throat n nódo ࡡ࡜࣬ၿ throb v dokidoki shimásu ࡜ࡀ࡜ ࡀ࣬ࢺ࢞ࢺ࢞ࡊࡱࡌ throne n øi ⋜న, øza ⋜ᗑ throng 1. n øzéi ኬເ; (flock) muré ⩄ࡿ 2. they ~ together v muragarimásu ⩄࠿ࡽࡱࡌ through 1. prep putting ~ … o tø´shite …ࢅ㏳ࡊ࡙; gets ~ tsüjimásu ㏳ࡋࡱࡌ 2. prep (throughout) …-jü …ࡋࡸ࠹࣬୯; …no aida-jü …ࡡ㛣ࡋࡸ࠹>㛣୯@; all the way ~ zutto ࡍࡖ࡛ 3. (by means of) … de …࡚, … o tsukatte …ࢅ౐ࡖ࡙ 4. (extending ~) … ni kákete …࠾ࡄ࡙ throughout prep (the entire [PLACE/ TIME]) …-jü …ࡋࡸ࠹࣬୯; ~ the world sekai-jü ୠ⏲ࡋࡸ࠹>୯@ throw v nagemásu ᢖࡅࡱࡌ; ~ away sutemásu ᤖ࡙ࡱࡌ; ~ into disorder midashimásu ஗ࡊࡱࡌ throw up → vomit thrust v tsukimásu ✲ࡀࡱࡌ; thrust stage n haridashi butai ᘿࡽฝࡊ ⯑ྋ thumb n oya-yubi のᣞ thumb drive n (small computer storage) samu-doraibuࢦ࣑ࢺࣚ



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࢕ࣇ thumbprint n (when used to stamp a document) boin ẍ༰࣬ᢲ༰ thunder n kaminárí (ga narimásu) 㞶࠿㫾ࡽࡱࡌ thunderstorm n ráiu 㞶㞭 Thursday n Mokuyø´bi ᮄ᭑᪝ Tibet n Chibetto ࢲ࣊ࢴࢹ tick n chekku ࢲ࢘ࢴࢠ tick mark n chekku måku ࢲ࢘ࢴࢠ ࣏࣭ࢠ, re ten ࣝⅤ ticket n kippu ว➚, chikétto ࢲࢢ ࢴࢹ; …-ken …ไ; just the ~ (ideal) motte-kói (no) ࡵࡖ࡙ࡆ ࠷ࡡ , (most suitable) uttetsuke (no) ࠹ࡖ࡙ࡗࡄࡡ ; admission ~ nyøjø-ken ථሔไ; ticket agency n theater ~ pureigáido ࣈࣝ࢕࢝ ࢕ࢺ (“Play Guide”); ticket book



n (for commuting) kaisü´-ken ᅂᩐไ; ticket vending machine n kenbáiki ไ኉ᶭ; ticket wicket n kaisatsu-guchi ᨭᮈཾ tickle v kusugurimásu ࡂࡌࡃࡽ ࡱࡌ tide n shió ₳; chøryü ₳Ὦ tidy 1. adj kírei (na) ࡀࡿ࠷࡝ 2. tidies it up v katazukemásu ∞ ௛ࡄࡱࡌ; it gets ~ katazukimásu ∞௛ࡀࡱࡌ tie 1. v musubimásu ⤎ࡦࡱࡌ; (fastens) tsunagimásu ࡗ࡝ࡁࡱ ࡌ 2. n (necktie) nékutai ࢾࢠࢰ ࢕; (game) hikiwake ᘤࡀฦࡄ tiff n mome-goto ࡵࡴ஥࣬ᥛࡴ஥ tiger n tora ⹙࣬ࢹࣚ; taigå ࢰ࢕ ࣭࢝



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tissue



tight adj (tight-fitting) kitsui ࡀࡗ ࠷; (hard) katai ᇻ࠷; (skimpy) semái ≻࠷ → drunk tights n taitsu ࢰ࢕ࢵ tile 1. n (roof) kawara ⎨; ~-roofed kawara-buki (no) ⎨ࡩࡀ࣬⎨ⵄ ࡀࡡ 2. n (floor, wall) táiru ࢰ ࢕ࣜ 3. v ~s a roof kawara de yáne o fukimásu ⎨࡚ᒁ᰷ࢅࡨࡀ >ⵄࡀ@ࡱࡌ timber n zaimoku ᮞᮄ time n 1. tokí ᫤, … tókí …᫤, (o-)jíkan ࠽ ᫤㛣, jibun ᫤ฦ; (specified) jíkoku ᫤็; (season) jíki ᫤᭿; (opportunity) jíki ᫤ᶭ,



(appropriate occasion) jísetsu ᫤⟿; (interval, time while …) aida 㛣 2. n (occasion) tabí ࡒ ࡦ࣬ᗐ, orí ᢙ, sái 㝷, tokoró ࡛ ࡆࢀ; (period) koro 㡥; at one ~ kátsute ࠾ࡖ࡙, kátte ࠾ࡖ࡙; for the ~ being tøbun ᙔฦ, íma no tokoró wa ௑ࡡ࡛ࡆࢀࡢ; is in ~ (for …) (… ni) ma ni aimásu … ࡞ 㛣࡞ྙ࠷ࡱࡌ; (the trend of) the times (go-)jísei ࡇ ᫤ୠ; in a short time adv mamonaku ࡱࡵ࡝ ࡂ, sugu (ni) ࡌࡃ࡞ ; in time adv (eventually) yagate ࡷ࠿࡙; on time adv jikandøri ni ᫤㛣㏳ࡽ ࡞, teikoku ni ᏽ็࡞; this/next time adv, n kóndo ௑ᗐ; what time adv, n nán-ji ర᫤; time and again adv nando mo రᗐࡵ; time deposit n teiki-yókin ᏽ᭿㡰㔘; time difference, time-lag n jísa ᫤ᕣ; time loan n teiki kashitsuke-kin ᏽ᭿㈒௛



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㔘; time management n jikan (no) kanri ᫤㛣ࡡ ⟮⌦; time off n yasumí ఆࡲ; timepiece n tokei ᫤ ゛; timetable n jikoku-hyø ᫤็⾪; (school) jikan-wari ᫤㛣๪ࡽ timekeeper n (person) jikan kirokugakari ᫤㛣エ㘋౿ timer n taimå ࢰ࢕࣏࣭ timid adj (shy) uchiki (na) හẴ ࡝ , (cowardly) okubyø (na) ⮉ ⑋࡝ ; timid attitude n ozuozushita taido ࠽ࡍ࠽ࡍࡊࡒឺᗐ tin n buriki ࣇࣛ࢞, súzu ࡌࡍ࣬ ࢪࢫ࣬㘇 tinkle n chirin chirin (to iu oto) ࢲ ࣛࣤࢲ࡛ࣛࣤ࠷࠹㡚 tint n iroai Ⰵྙ࠷ tiny adj totemo chiisana ࡛࡙ࡵᑚ ࡈ࡝, chippoke (na) ࡔࡖࡰࡄ ࡝ ; tiny tot n chibikko ࡔࡦࡖᏄ tip 1. n (money) chíppu ࢲࢴࣈ, kokoro-zuke ᚨ௛ࡄ, chadai Ⲍ ௥; (point) saki ඙ 2. v it ~s over hikkuri-kaerimásu ࡥࡖࡂࡽ㏁ࡽ ࡱࡌ, ~s it over hikkuri-kaeshimásu ࡥࡖࡂࡽ㏁ࡊࡱࡌ tire n (of wheel) taiya ࢰ࢕ࣕ; tire chain n taiya chën ࢰ࢕ࣕ࣬ ࢲ࣭࢘ࣤ tired; gets ~ tsukaremásu ␺ࡿࡱ ࡌ, kutabiremásu ࡂࡒࡦࡿࡱࡌ; gets ~ of … ni akimásu …࡞㣤ࡀ ࡱࡌ; dead ~ ku(t)takuta ࡂࡖ ࡒ ࡂࡒ; hetoheto ࡫࡛࡫࡛ tissue n tisshu-pë´på ࢷ࢔ࢴࢨࣖ ࣭࣋ࣂ࣭; hana-gami 㰧⣤, chirigami ࡔࡽ⣤



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title



title n (of book , article, …) hyødai ⾪㢗࣬ᵾ㢗, daimei 㢗ྞ, midashi ずฝࡊ; (job ~) katagaki ⫢᭡; (of anything, esp. movie, person, athlete) táitoru ࢰ࢕ࢹ ࣜ; ~ page tobira ᡤ; title match n taitoru matchi ࢰ࢕ࢹࣜ ࣏ࢴࢲ to prep … ni …࡞, … e …࡫ toad n hikigaeru ࣃ࢙࢞࢝ࣜ toast 1. n tø´suto ࢹ࣭ࢪࢹ; (“bottoms up”) kanpai ஜ᮴ 2. v (~s it) yakimásu ↕ࡀࡱࡌ toaster n tø´sutå ࢹ࣭ࢪࢰ࣭ tobacco n tabako ࡒࡣࡆ࣬↦ⲙ; ~ shop tabako-ya ࡒࡣࡆᒁ࣬ ↦ⲙᒁ today n kyø´ ௑᪝; [BOOKISH] honjitsu ᮇ᪝ toe n ashi no yubí ㊂ࡡᣞ; (toetip) tsumasaki ࡗࡱ඙࣬∆඙ tofu n tøfu ㇃⭁ together adv issho ni ࠷ࡖࡊࡺ>ୌ ⥬@࡞, tomo ni භ࡞ toilet n tóire ࢹ࢕ࣝ, tóirétto ࢹ࢕ ࣝࢴࢹ; keshø-shitsu ໩⢕ᐄ, (o-) teárai ࠽ ᡥὑ, benjó ౼ᡜ token n (sign, indication) (o-)shirushi ࠽ ࡊࡾࡊ࣬࠽ ༰࣬ ࠽ ᚡ Tokyo n Tøkyø ᮶ா; the metropolis of Tokyo Tøkyø´-to ᮶ா㒌; Tokyoite n Tøkyø´-jin ᮶ாெ; tomin 㒌Ằ told → tell tolerate v gáman shimásu ᠻះࡊ ࡱࡌ, taemásu ⪇࠻ࡱࡌ



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toll n tsükø-ryø ㏳⾔ᩩ; (telephone charge) tsüwa-ryø ㏳ヨᩩ; toll-free adj tsüwa-ryø muryø (no) ㏳ヨ ᩩ↋ᩩࡡ ; furii daiyaru (no) ࣆ࣭ࣛࢱ࢕ࣕࣜࡡ ; tollgate n ryøkin-jo ᩩ㔘ᡜ tomato n tomato ࢹ࣏ࢹ tomb n (o-)haka ࠽ ቉, boketsu ቉✨ tombstone n boseki ቉▴, [BOOKISH] bohi ቉◻ tomcat n osu neko 㞕⊟࢛࣬ࢪࡠࡆ tomorrow n ashitá ࠵ࡊࡒ᪺࣬᪝, asú ᪺᪝; [BOOKISH] myø´nichi ᪺᪝; tomorrow night ashita no ban ࠵ࡊࡒ>᪺᪝@ࡡᬄ; [BOOKISH] myø´ban ᪺ᬄ tone n (sound) neiro 㡚Ⰵ, (voice) kuchø ཾㄢ tongue n shitá ⯁; barbed/spiteful ~ doku-zetsu Ẑ⯁; ox tongue n gyütan ∭ࢰࣤ tonight n kónban ௑ᬄ; kón’ya ௑እ tonight’s guest n kónya no gesuto ௑እࡡࢣࢪࢹ tonsil n hentø-sen ᡝ᱀⭚ too adv (also) … mo …ࡵ; (overly) anmari ࠵ࢆࡱࡽ, amari (ni) ࠵ࡱ ࡽ࡞ ; ...-sugimásu ...ࡌࡁࡱࡌ; too bad zannen (na) ṟᛍ࡝ ; (in commiseration) ikemasén ࠷ࡄ ࡱࡎࢆ; too many ø-sugimásu ኣ ࡌࡁࡱࡌ took → take tool n (o-)døgu ࠽ 㐠ර, yø´gu ⏕ර, utsuwa ჹ; tsüru ࢵ࣭ࣜ; tool box n døgu-bako 㐠ර⟵,



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toy



yøgu-bako ⏕ර⟵ tooth n há ṉ; protruding (buck) ~ déppa ฝࡖṉ; toothache n ha-ita ṉ⑚; toothpick n tsuma-yøji ࡗࡱ ࡻ࠹ࡋ࣬∆᳷ᯖ, yøji ࡻ࠹ࡋ࣬᳷ᯖ top 1. n ue ୕; (top side) jømen ୕㟻, hyømen ⾪㟻; (highest part) teppén ࡙ࡖ࡭ࢆ, (summit) chøjø´ 㡤୕ 2. n (toy) kóma ࡆࡱ ࣬≺ᴞ; ~-spinning koma-máwashi ࡆࡱ>≺ᴞ@ᅂࡊ 3. adj (topmost, best) saijø (no) ᭩୕ ࡡ , saikø (no) ᭩㧏ࡡ ; toppu (no) ࢹࢴࣈࡡ topic n (of talk) wadai ヨ㢗, topikku ࢹࣅࢴࢠ; daimoku 㢗 ┘, (hanashi no) táne ヨࡡ ⛸ tops adj (best) saikø (no) ᭩㧏 ࡡ , saijø (no) ᭩୕ࡡ torch n táimatsu ࡒ࠷ࡱࡗ࣬ᮿ᪺



touch v sawarimásu よࡽࡱࡌ; … ni (téo) furemásu …࡞ᡥࢅ よࡿࡱࡌ, …ni tsukimásu …࡞ ௛ࡀࡱࡌ; atemásu ᙔ࡙ࡱࡌ;



(comes in contact with) sesshimásu ᥃ࡊࡱࡌ, sesshoku shimásu ᥃よࡊࡱࡌ; kandø sasemásu វິࡈࡎࡾ; gets in ~ with … to renraku shimásu …࡛ ㏻⤙ࡊࡱࡌ, … to renraku o torimásu …࡛㏻⤙ࢅཱིࡽࡱࡌ; out of ~ with … ni utói …࡞␧



࠷࣬࠹࡛࠷ tough adj katai ᅖ࠷࣬ᇻ࠷ → hard → strong; tough guy n tafu gai ࢰࣆ࢝࢕ tour n ryokø (shimásu) ᪉⾔ࡊࡱ ࡌ ; (sight-seeing) kankø び ක, tsúå ࢵ࢓࣭; (official, duty) shutchø ฝᘿ → flashlight tourist n kankø´-kyaku びකᐂ; tore, torn → tear tsürisuto ࢵ࣭ࣛࢪࢹ; tourist lodge torment 1. n (suffering) nayamí ᝆ n minshuku Ằᐙ ࡲ; (teasing) ijime ࠷ࡋࡴ࣬ⱌࡴ tournament n taikai ኬఌ; shiai ム 2. → tease ྙ; senshuken 㐽ᡥᶊ; tønamento tornado n torunëdo ࢹࣜࢾ࣭ࢺ, ࢹ࣭ࢻ࣒ࣤࢹ tow v hikimásu ᘤ>᭝@ࡀࡱࡌ tatsumaki ❫ᕬ Toronto n Toronto ࢹࣞࣤࢹ toward prep … no hø´ e …ࡡ᪁࡫; tortoise n káme ஞ࣒࣬࢜ (towards, confronting) … ni tái→ toss throw shite …࡞ᑊࡊ࡙, tai-… ᑊ… total 1. adj zénbu (de/no) ධ㒂 towel n te-nugui ᡥᣌ࠷࡙࣬࡟ ࡚ࡡ ; (absolute) zettai (no) ⤧ ࡃ࠷, táoru ࢰ࢛ࣜ, fukín ᕱࡀ ᑊࡡ 2. n zén(-) …ධ; tøtaru ࢆ࣬ࡨࡀࢆ ࢹ࣭ࢰࣜ, (sum) gøkei ྙ゛, tower n tø´ ሥ; tawå ࢰ࣭࣠; Tokyo Tower n Tøkyø tawå ᮶ாࢰ࣭࣠ (grand total) søkei ⥪゛ totter v yoro-mekimásu ࡻࢀࡴࡀ town n machí ⏣, tokai 㒌ఌ ࡱࡌ toy n omócha ࠽ࡵࡔࡶ࢛࣓࣬ࢲ



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trace



ࣔ࣬⋭ර trace n (clue) tegákari ᡥ᤻࠾ࡽ, ate ᙔ࡙; (vestige) konseki ⑖㊟, ato ㊟; trace it back to sore o … ni sakanoborimásu ࡐࡿࢅ…࡞ࡈ࠾ ࡡ࡯ࡽ>㐫ࡽ@ࡱࡌ track 1. n (railtrack) sénro ⥲㊨; (for running) torákku ࢹࣚࢴࢠ; (remains) ato ㊟; ~ number (six) (roku)-bansenඵ ␊⥲ 2.



v (to go back and investigate) ato o tsumemásu ㊟ࢅ௛ࡄࡱࡌ, (to ~ online the transaction of something) suiseki shimásu ㏛ ㊟ࡊࡱࡌ tracks n ashi ato ㊂㊟ tractor n torakutå ࢹࣚࢠࢰ࣭ trade 1. n (international) bøeki ㈘᪾; (business) shø´bai ၛ኉, (commerce) shø´gyø ၛᴏ; (transaction) tórí-hiki ཱིࡽᘤࡀ 2. v tórí-hiki shimásu ཱིࡽᘤࡀ ࡊࡱࡌ; (exchanges A for B) A o B to køkan shimásu A ࢅ B ࡛ ஹᥦࡊࡱࡌ trademark n shøhyø ၛᵾ; torëdo måku ࢹ࣭ࣝࢺ࣏࣭ࢠ trader n shø´nin ၛெ; bøékí-shø ㈘᪾ၛ tradition n dentø ఎ⤣; (legend) densetsu ఎㄕ traditional adj dentø-teki (na) ఎ⤣ Ⓩ࡝ ; (accustomed) imamade no ௑ࡱ࡚ࡡ, koremade no ࡆ ࡿࡱ࡚ࡡ, [BOOKISH] jü´rai (no) ᚉᮮࡡ ; traditional arts n dentø geijutsu ఎ⤣ⰹ⾙; traditional lifestyle



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n dentø-teki na seikatsu yøshiki ఎ⤣Ⓩ࡝⏍Ὡᵕᘟ traffic n køtsü ஹ㏳; ørai ᙸᮮ; traffic accident n køtsü jiko ஹ㏳஥ᨶ; traffic jam n køtsü-jü´tai ஹ㏳Ῠ⁣ tragedy n hígeki ᝊ๸ tragic adj hígeki-teki (na) ᝊ๸Ⓩ ࡝ ; hísan (na) ᝊᝲ࡝ ; aénái ࠵࠻࡝࠷࣬ᩊ࠻࡝࠷; tragically enough aénaku mo ࠵࠻࡝ࡂࡵ࣬ ᩊ࠻࡝ࡂࡵ trailer n (movie) yokoku-hen ஢ ࿈⥽, (eiga no) torërå ᫆⏤ࡡ ࢹ࣭࣭ࣝࣚ train 1. n densha 㞹㌬; ressha า ㌬; (non-electric/steam) kishá Ữ㌬; (train numbers) ...-gø´sha ...ྒ㌬ 2. v (drills) kúnren shimásu ィ⦆ࡊࡱࡌ, (practices) renshü shimásu ⦆⩞ࡊࡱࡌ;



(brings up children, disciplines) shitsukemásu ࡊࡗࡄ>㌣ࡄ@ࡱࡌ; bullet train n shinkansen ᩺ᖷ⥲; local train n kakueki (densha) ྘㥈 㞹㌬ ; train wreck n ressha-jíko า㌬஥ᨶ trainee n kenshü-in ◂ಞဤ, minarai ず⩞࠷ trainer n torënå ࢹ࣭ࣝࢻ࣭ training n kúnren ィ⦆; (practice) renshü ⦆⩞; (imparting discipline) shitsuke ࡊࡗࡄ࣬㌣; (in ascetic practices) shugyø ಞ⾔ tram n romen densha ㊨㟻㞹㌬ trampoline n toranporin ࢹࣚࣤ࣎ ࣛࣤ trance n toransu jøtai ࢹࣚࣤࢪ≟



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tremble



ឺ in a ~ muchü (no/de) ከ୯ ࡡ࡚ tranquil adj nódoka (na) ࡡ࡜࠾࣬ 㛏㛡࡝ transaction n tori-atsukai ཱི᡽࠷; (business) tórí-hiki ཱིࡽᘤࡀ transfer 1. v (trains, etc.) norikaemásu ஋ࡽᥦ࠻ࡱࡌ; (job) tennin (shimásu) ㌷௴ࡊࡱ ࡌ), ten-jimásu ㌷ࡋࡱࡌ; (~s it) utsushimásu ⛛ࡊࡱࡌ; furikaemásu ᣲ᭨࠻ࡱࡌ 2. n idø ⛛ ິ, nori-kae ஋ࡽᥦ࠻ transmigrant n imin ⛛Ằ, ijüsha ⛛ప⩽ transmission n søshin ㏞ಘ, dentatsu ఎ㐡, denpa ఎ᧓ transitory adj hakanái ࡢ࠾࡝࠷ translate v yakushimásu ズࡊࡱࡌ, hon’yaku shimásu ⩳ズࡊࡱࡌ;



(Japanese into English) wayaku shimasu ࿰ズࡊࡱࡌ; translate freely v iyaku shimásu ណズࡊࡱ ࡌ; translate literally v chokuyaku shimásu ├ズࡊࡱࡌ translation n hon’yaku ⩳ズ, yakú ズ; automatic translation n jidø hon’yaku ⮤ິ⩳ズ; machine translation n kikai hon’yaku ᶭ᲌⩳ズ translator hon’yákú-sha ⩳ズ⩽, yaku-sha ズ⩽ transmit v tsutaemásu ఎ࠻ࡱࡌ, tsüjimásu ㏳ࡋࡱࡌ transparent adj tømei (na) ㏩᪺࡝ transport(ation) n unsø 㐘㏞, unpan 㐘ᦑ, yusø ㍲㏞; (traffic) køtsü ஹ㏳



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trap 1. n wána ࢂ࡝࣬⨔ 2. v (~s it) wána ni kakemásu ࢂ࡝>⨔@ ࡞࠾ࡄࡱࡌ; (gets trapped) wána ni kakarimásu ࢂ࡝>⨔@࡞࠾࠾ ࡽࡱࡌ trash n (scrap, junk) kuzu ࡂࡍ࣬ ᒆ, gomi ࡇࡲ; trash box n gomibako ࡇࡲ⟵ travel n ryokø (shimásu) ᪉⾔ࡊ ࡱࡌ ; travel agency n ryokø dairiten ᪉⾔௥⌦ᗉ; travel vendor n ryokø-gaisha ᪉⾔ఌ♣ tray n (o-)bon࠽ ⓽, torei ࢹࣝ࢕;



(dining tray, low meal table) (o-) zen ࠽ ⭻gó-zen ࡇ⭻ → ash tray treachery n (acts of ~) ura-giri ⿤ วࡽ, haishin-køi ⫴ಘ⾔Ⅵ treasure n (o-)takara ࠽ ᐀, takara-mono ᐀∸, [BOOKISH] zaihø ㈀᐀; national treasure n kokuhø ᅗ᐀ treat 1. n gochisø (shimásu) ࡇࡔ ࡐ࠹>ࡇ㤽㉦@ࡊࡱࡌ) 2. v (pays the bill) ogorimásu ࠽ࡇࡽࡱࡌ; (medically) chiryø shimásu ἖⒢ ࡊࡱࡌ → handle treatise n ronbun ㄵᩝ, rón ㄵ treatment n téate ᡥᙔo-téate ࠽ ᡥᙔ ; (handling) toriatsukai ཱི ࡽ᡽࠷; (reception) taigü ᙽ㐕; (medical) chiryø ἖⒢, ryøhø ⒢ Ἢ; drug treatment n yakubutsu ryøhø ⷾ∸⒢Ἢ treaty n jøyaku ᮪⣑ tree n kí ᮄ tremble v furuemásu 㟀࠻ࡱࡌ,



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trend



yuremásu ᥺ࡿࡱࡌ trend n (tendency) keikø ലྡྷ, (inclination) katamuki ലࡀ, chøshi ㄢᏄ; (current) chøryü ₳Ὦ; (movement) ugokí ິࡀ; (fashion) ryükø Ὦ⾔; torendo ࢹࣝࣤࢺ trendy adj torendii (na) ࢹࣝࣤࢸ ࢔࡝ , ryükø (no) Ὦ⾔ࡡ trespass (on) v fumi-komimásu ㊻ ࡲ㎰ࡲࡱࡌ trial n (legal) sáiban ⿚ึ; (test) shikén ム㥺, (trying) tameshí ム ࡊ, kokoromi ムࡲ, toraiaru ࢹࣚ ࢕࢓ࣜ; trial version n taiken-ban మ㥺∟; toraiaru-ban ࢹࣚ࢕࢓ ࣜ∟ triangle n 1. sánkaku ୔ぽ, sankaku-kei, sankakkei ୔ぽᙟ 2. (instrument) toraianguru ࢹࣚ ࢕࢓ࣤࢡࣜ; love triangle n sankaku kankei ୔ぽ㛭౿ tribe; the ~ (group, gang) of … …-zoku …᪐ trick n 1. (feat) waza ᴏ, géi ⰹ, torikku ࢹࣛࢴࢠ, one’s favorite ~ ohako ࠽ࡢࡆ࣬༎ඳ␊; (move) té ᡥ; (knack) kotsú ࡆࡗ࣬ࢤ ࢵ, téguchi ᡥཾ; (plot, scheme) keiryaku ゛␆, hakarigoto ㅓ࣬ ࡢ࠾ࡽࡇ࡛; ~ to it (the secret of it) táne ⛸ 2. → cheat tricky adj zurúi ࡍࡾ࠷, torikkii ࢹࣛࢴ࣭࢞, bimyø (na) ᚜ዼ ࡝ , (difficult) muzukashii 㞬 ࡊ࠷; tricky question n kømyø na shitsumon ᕟዼ࡝㈹ၡ



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trigger n hikigane ᘤࡀ㔘, kikkake ࡀࡖ࠾ࡄ; trigger finger n hitosashiyubi ெᕣࡊᣞ࣬ࡥ࡛ࡈࡊᣞ; trigger-happy adj køsen-teki (na) ይᡋⓏ࡝ , (critic) arasagashi no sukina ࠵ࡼᤒࡊࡡይࡀ࡝ trip n ryokø ᪉⾔; business ~ shutchø ฝᘿ triple n sanbai ୔ಶ; adj sanbai (no) ୔ಶࡡ ; toripuru ࢹࣛࣈ ࣜ; triple time n sanbyøshi ୔ᢷᏄ trite adj heibon (na) ᖲฉ࡝ trivial adj tsumaránai ࡗࡱࡼ࡝࠷; chótto shita ࡔࡺࡖ࡛ࡊࡒ; sásai (na) ࡈࡈ࠷>ற⣵@࡝ → unimportant trolley n torokko ࢹࣞࢴࢤ troops n (army) gúntai ㌯㝪, gún ㌯; (detachment) bútai 㒂㝪 trophy n torofii ࢹࣞࣆ࢔࣭ tropic(s) n nettai(-chíhø´) ⇍ᖈ ᆀ᪁ tropical adj nettai (no) ⇍ᖈࡡ ; toropikaru (na) ࢹࣞࣅ࢜ࣜ࡝ ; tropical fruits n toropikaru furütsu ࢹࣞࣅ࢜ࣜࣆ࣭ࣜࢵ; tropical island n nettai no shima ⇍ᖈࡡᓞ trouble n (inconvenience) tékázu ᡥᩐ, (o-)tesü ࠽ ᡥᩐ; (time taken up) (o-)téma ࠽ ᡥ㛣; (nuisance) (go-)méiwaku ࡇ ㏖ᝠ, (go-)mendø´ ࡇ 㟻಻, toraburu ࢹࣚࣇࣜ, (care) (o-) séwa ࠽ ୠヨ, o-sewa-sama ࠽ ୠヨᵕ; (bother) (go-)yákkai ࡇ ࡷࡖ࠾࠷࣬ཀ௒; (difficulty) kónnan ᅏ㞬, komáru kotó ᅏࡾ



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tuna



ࡆ࡛; (ailment) wazurai ↱࠷࣬ ࢂࡍࡼ࠷, byøki ⑋Ẵ → worry; goes to much trouble honé o orimásu; 㦭ࢅᢙࡽࡱࡌ; is troubled by (an ailment), has trouble with … o wazuraimásu …ࢅ↱࠷ࡱࡌ troublesome adj yaya(k)koshii ࡷ ࡷࡖ ࡆࡊ࠷; méiwaku (na) ㏖ᝠ࡝ ; yákkai (na) ࡷࡖ࠾ ࠷࣬ཀ௒࡝ ; mendø (na) 㟻಻ ࡝ ; wazurawashii ↱ࢂࡊ࠷; hanzatsu (na) ↱㞟࡝ trousers n zubón ࢫ࣍ࣤ trout n másu ࡱࡌ࣏࣬ࢪ࣬㫗 truck n torákku ࢹࣚࢴࢠ; (3-wheeled) øto-sánrin ࢛࣭ࢹ୔㍧ truck driver n torákku (no) untenshu ࢹࣚࢴࢠࡡ 㐘㌷ᡥ true adj honto/hontø (no) ࡮ࢆ࡛ ࠹ ᮇᙔࡡ ; how ~ naru-hodo ࡝ࡾ࡮࡜࣬ᠺࡾ⛤ truly adv honto (hontø) ni ࡮ࢆ࡛ ࡮ࢆ࡛࠹ ࡞࣬ᮇᙔ࡞, makoto ni ㄌ࡞, jitsúni ᐁ࡞ trumpet n toranpétto ࢹࣚࣤ࣋ࢴ ࢹ, rappa ࣚࢴࣂ trunk n (of tree) miki ᖷ; (of elephant) hana 㰧; (baggage; car ~) toránku ࢹࣚࣤࢠ trunks n (sports) tanpan ▯ࣂࣤ; (swin) suiei-pantsu Ềὃࣂࣤࢵ trust 1. n tánomi 㢏ࡲ, irai ౪㢏; shin’yø ಘ⏕, shinrai ಘ㢏, ate ᙔ ࡙; anshin Ꮽᚨ 2. v (~s them) shin’yø shimásu ಘ⏕ࡊࡱࡌ, shin-jimásu ಘࡋࡱࡌ; gives in ~ azukemásu 㡰ࡄࡱࡌ; takes in ~



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azukarimásu 㡰࠾ࡽࡱࡌ truth n shinjitsu ┷ᐁ, honto/hontø no kotó ࡮ࢆ࡛࡮ࢆ࡛࠹>ᮇᙔ@ ࡡ஥ try v 1. (attempt) tameshimásu ム ࡊࡱࡌ; [BOOKISH] kokoromimásu ムࡲࡱࡌ 2. (doing) (shi)-te mimásu ࡊ ࡙ࡲࡱࡌ 3. (to do) (shi)-yø/(ya)-rø toshimásu ࡊ ࡻ࠹ࡷ ࢀ࠹࡛ࡊࡱࡌ; try hard(er) ganbarimásu ࠿ࢆࡣࡽ>㡱ᘿࡽ@ ࡱࡌ; dóryoku shimásu ຑງࡊ ࡱࡌ T-shirt n tii shatsu 㹉ࢨࣔࢵ tsunami n tsunami ὘ἴ tub n óke ᱡ࣬࠽ࡄ; (basin) tarai ࡒࡼ࠷; (bathtub) yúbune …⯢ tube n kúda ⟮, kán ⟮; (flexible,



squeezable, inflatable) chü´bu ࢲ࣭ࣖࣇ; test ~ shikenkan ム㥺 ⟮; TV ~ buraunkan ࣇࣚࢗࣤ⟮ tuberculosis, TB n (hai-)kekkaku ⫭ ⤎ᰶ, haibyø ⫭⑋ Tuesday n Kayø´bi ℾ᭑᪝ tug; ~ at hipparimásu ᘤࡖᘿࡽ ࡱࡌ tugboat n hiki-fune ᘤࡀ⯢࣬᭝ࡀ ⯢; tagu-bøto ࢰࢡ࣭࣍ࢹ tumble v korogarimásu ㌷࠿ࡽࡱ ࡌ; taoremásu ಻ࡿࡱࡌ, korobimásu ㌷ࡦࡱࡌ tummy n onaka ࠽࡝࠾; (baby talk) ponpon ࣎ࣤ࣎ࣤ tumult n sø´dø 㥹ິ tuna n maguro ࡱࡃࢀ࣏࣬ࢡࣞ࣬ 㩡; (canned tunafish) tsúna ࢵࢻ; fresh slices of raw tuna n maguro no



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tune



sashimi ࡱࡃࢀ>࣏ࢡࣞ࣬㩡@ࡡ ๆ㌗ tune n kyoku ᭜; chøshi ㄢᏄ; tøn ࢹ࣭ࣤ, fushí ⟿ tuner n 1. (person) chøritsu-shi ㄢ ᚂᖅ 2. (tool) chünå ࢲ࣭ࣖࢻ࣭ tunnel n tonneru ࢹࣤࢾࣜ turf n shiba Ⱒ࣬ࢨࣁ, shibafu Ⱒ ⏍࣬ࢨࣁࣆ turkey n shichimen-chø ୏㟻㫵࣬ ࢨࢲ࣒ࣤࢲࣘࢗ Turkey n Tóruko ࢹࣜࢤ turn 1. n (order) junban 㡨␊; (spin) kaiten ᅂ㌷; (corner) magarikado ᭜࠿ࡽぽ 2. v



ࢴࢲࢅวࡽࡱࡌ; turn on (light, etc.) … o tsukemásu …ࢅ௛ࡄ ࡱࡌ; ~ the ignition suítchi o iremásu ࢪ࢕ࢴࢲࢅථࡿࡱࡌ; turn over ura-gaeshimasu ⿤㏁ࡊ ࡱࡌ; turn up (it gets found) mitsukarimásu ず௛࠾ࡽࡱࡌ turnip n kabu ࠾ࡩ࣬࢜ࣇ࣬ⷒ, kabura ࠾ࡩࡼ࣬࢜ࣇࣚ࣬ⷒ turtle n káme ஞ࣒࣬࢜; (snapping) suppon ࡌࡖࡰࢆ࣬ࢪࢴ



࣎ࣤ turtleneck n tåtoru nekku ࢰ࣭ࢹࣜ ࢾࢴࢠ tusk n kiba ∫࣬࢞ࣁ tutor n kateikyø´shi ᐓᗖᩅᖅ, (changes directions) magarimásu ᭜࠿ࡽࡱࡌ; (goes round) chütå ࢲ࣭ࣖࢰ࣭ mawarimásu ᅂࡽࡱࡌᅂࡾ, ᅂ tuxedo n takishiido ࢰ࢞ࢨ࣭ࢺ ࡖ࡙ 3. v (makes it go round) TV n térebi ࢷࣝࣄ mawashimásu ᅂࡊࡱࡌ; (directs tweed n tsuiido ࢵ࢕࣭ࢺ one’s face/eyes/attention to) … tweet 1. v (Internet) (tsuittå de) tsubuyaku ࢵ࢕ࢴࢰ࣭࡚ ࡗࡩ ni mukemásu …࡞ྡྷࡄࡱࡌ; turn aside (diverts) sorashimásu ࡷࡂ 2. (bird) saezurimásu ࡈ࠻ 㐋ࡼࡊ>ࡐࡼࡊ@ࡱࡌ; turn back ࡍࡽࡱࡌ 3. (bird) (kotori no) hiki-kaeshimásu ᘤࡀ㏁ࡊࡱࡌ; saezuri ᑚ㫵ࡡ ࡈ࠻ࡍࡽ turn inside out ura-gáeshimásu ⿤ tweezers n pinsétto ࣅࣤࢬࢴࢹ ㏁ࡊࡱࡌ; turn into ① (becomes) twelve n jü-ní ༎஦࣬12 twentieth adj nijü-banmé (no) ஦ ([NOUN] ni ࡞, [ADJECTIVE]-ku ࡂ) narimásu ࡝ࡽࡱࡌ ② ༎␊┘ࡡ ; the ~ day hatsukamé ஦༎᪝┘, (of the month) hatsuka (makes it into) ([NOUN] ni ࡞, [ADJECTIVE]-ku ࡂ) shimásu ࡊ ஦༎᪝࣬20᪝ ࡱࡌ; turn left/right sasetsu/usetsu twenty n ní-jü ஦༎࣬20, futá-jü shimásu ᕞᢙྎᢙࡊࡱࡌ; turn ஦༎; 20 years old hátachi loose nigashimásu ㏠࠿ࡊࡱࡌ; ஦༎ṋ࣬20ṋ, níjús-sai ஦༎ṋ turn off (light, radio, etc.) … o ࣬20ṋ twice adv (two times) ni-dó ஦ᗐ, keshimásu ࢅᾐࡊࡱࡌ; ~ the ignition suítchi o kirimásu ࢪ࢕ ni-kái ஦ᅂ; (double) ni-bai ஦ಶ



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unanticipated



twilight n yügata ኟ᪁; tasogare ࡒ ࡐ࠿ࡿ࣬㯜᪻ twine 1. n → string (= thread, cord) 2. v (twists) yorimásu ࡻ ࡽࡱࡌ࣬⦖ࡽࡱࡌ twinkle 1. n kirameki ࡀࡼࡴࡀ࣬ ↝ࡀ 2. v kiramekimásu ࡀࡼࡴ ࡀࡱࡌ࣬↝ࡀࡱࡌ, kagayakimásu ㍜ࡀࡱࡌ twins n futago ཫᏄ࣬ࡨࡒࡇ twist v nejirimásu ࡠࡋࡽࡱࡌ࣬ᤤ ࡽࡱࡌ, hinerimásu ࡥࡠࡽࡱࡌ ࣬ᤤࡽࡱࡌ, yorimásu ࡻࡽࡱࡌ; gets twisted (entangled) kojiremásu ࡆࡋࡿࡱࡌ࣬ᣁࡿࡱࡌ Twitter n (Internet) tsuittå ࢵ࢕ࢴ ࢰ࣭ two n ní ஦࣬2, futatsú ஦ࡗ࣬2 ࡗ;



futa-… ஦…, ni-… ஦…; (people) futarí ஦ெ, [BOOKISH] ní-mei ஦ྞ type n táipu ࢰ࢕ࣈ, (sort) shúrui ⛸㢦; (model) katá ᆵ, …-gata …ᆵ; (print) katsuji ὩᏊ; different type n betsu no taipu ืࡡࢰ࢕ࣈ; chigau taipu 㐢࠹ࢰ࢕ࣈ, kotonaru shurui ␏࡝ࡾ⛸㢦 type (write) n táipu (shimásu) ࢰ ࢕ࣈࡊࡱࡌ typewriter n taipuráitå ࢰ࢕ࣈࣚ࢕ ࢰ࣭, táipu ࢰ࢕ࣈ typhoon n taifü´ ྋ㢴 typical adj tenkei-teki (na) ඼ᆵⓏ ࡝ , daihyø-teki (na) ௥⾪Ⓩ ࡝ ; (usual) futsü (no) ᬉ㏳ࡡ typist n taipisuto ࢰ࢕ࣅࢪࢹ tyrant n bøkun ᬸྦ



U Ueno n Ueno ୕㔕; Ueno Park Ueno-Kø´en ୕㔕පᅧ ugly adj (look) minikúi 㓮࠷࣬ࡲ ࡞ࡂ࠷; mazúi ࡱࡍ࠷ uh interj ë-to ࠻࠻࡛; uh … anø ࠵ࡡ࠹…; uh-huh n ࢆ; uh-uh, huh-uh nn ࢆࢆ UK n igirisu ࢕࢟ࣛࢪ, eikoku ⱝᅗ ulcer n (gastric) i-káiyø ⫮₵⑾࣬ ⫮࠾࠷ࡻ࠹ ultimate 1. n kyükyoku ✪ᴗ 2. adj kyükyoku no ✪ᴗࡡ ultrasound n 1. chøonpa ㉰㡚ἴ 2. (~ diagnosis) chøonpa



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shindan ㉰㡚ἴタ᩷ ultraviolet n shigaisen ⣰አ⥲, adj shigaisen (no) ⣰አ⥲ࡡ umbrella n kása ࠾ࡈ࣬ഘ; (oilpaper) ban-gasa ␊ഘ, kara-kása ၄ഘ; (western-style) yø-gása Ὂഘ umpire n shinpan(-in) ᐼึဤ unacceptable adj mitomerarenai ヾࡴࡼࡿ࡝࠷ unaccountable adj setsumei dekinai ㄕ᪺࡚ࡀ࡝࠷ unanimous adj manjø itchi (no/de) ‫‮‬ሔୌ⮬ࡡ࡚ , zen’in itchi (no/de) ධဤୌ⮬ࡡ࡚ unanticipated adj omowánu … ᛦ



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unapproachable



ࢂ࡟࣬࠽ࡵࢂ࡟… unapproachable adj chikayorigatai ㎾ᐞࡽ࠿ࡒ࠷࣬㎾ᐞࡽ㞬࠷, chikazukinikui ㎾ࡘࡀ࡞ࡂ࠷ unassuming adj kidoranai Ẵཱིࡼ ࡝࠷ unavoidable adj yamu-o-énai ࡷࡳ ࢅᚋ࡝࠷ unbalanced adj fuantei (na) ୘Ꮽ ᏽ࡝ , katayotta ೩ࡖࡒ, baransu no warui ࣁࣚࣤࢪࡡᝇ࠷ unbeatable adj muteki (no) ↋ᩓ ࡡ unbelievable adj shinjirarenai ಘࡋ ࡼࡿ࡝࠷ unbiased adj katayori no nai ೩ࡽ ࡡ࡝࠷, sennyü-kan no nai ඙ථ びࡡ࡝࠷ unbutton v … no botan o hazushimásu …ࡡ࣍ࢰࣤࢅአࡊࡱࡌ uncalled-for adj yokei (na) ఴ゛࣬ ࡻࡄ࠷࡝ uncertain adj futei (no) ୘ᏽࡡ ; ayashii ᛱࡊ࠷࣬࠵ࡷࡊ࠷ unchaste adj futei (na) ୘ㇾ࡝ uncle n oji(-san) ࠽ࡋ>ཱ∏, ఐ ∏@ࡈࢆ unclean adj fuketsu (na) ୘₡࡝ uncomfortable adj kimochi ga warúi Ẵᣚࡔ࠿ᝇ࠷; (not feel at home) igokochi ga warui ᑽᚨᆀ ࠿ᝇ࠷; (to wear) kigokochi ga warui ╌ᚨᆀ࠿ᝇ࠷ uncommon adj mezurashíi ⌃ࡊ࠷ ࣬ࡴࡍࡼࡊ࠷ unconcerned adj 1. → calm 2. ~ with … ni mu-kánshin (na) …࡞



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↋㛭ᚨ࡝ unconnected adj … to mukánkei (no) …࡛↋㛭౿ࡡ unconscious adj íshiki fumei (no) ណㆉ୘᪺ࡡ ; (involuntary) mu-íshiki (no/na) ↋ណㆉࡡ/࡝ uncooked adj náma (no) ⏍ࡡ uncork v (… no sén o) nukimásu …ࡡᰞࢅ ᢜࡀࡱࡌ; (… no kuchi o) akemásu …ࡡཾࢅ ✭ࡄࡱࡌ uncover v bakuro shimásu ᭒㟚ࡊ ࡱࡌ uncultivated adj kyøyø no nai ᩅ㣬 ࡡ࡝࠷; mukyøyø (no) ↋ᩅ㣬 ࡡ ; (wild) soya (na) ⢊㔕࡝ undecided adj (indefinite) futei (no) ୘ᏽࡡ under prep, adv … no shitá (de/ ni/no) …ࡡୖ࡚࡞ࡡ ; (the



tutelage of) … no motó (de) … ࡡୖ࡚ undercut v 1. (cuts under) shita o kirimásu ୖࢅวࡽࡱࡌ 2.



(offers at a lower price) yasune de urimásu Ꮽೋ࡚኉ࡽࡱࡌ underdone adj nama-yake (no) ⏍ ↕ࡄࡡ underestimate v (kids oneself about) amaku mimásu ⏉ࡂずࡱࡌ࣬࠵ ࡱࡂࡲࡱࡌ, (person) mikubirimásu ࡲࡂࡦࡽࡱࡌ, kashøhyøka shimásu 㐛ᑚビ౮ࡊࡱࡌ undergo v (experiences) keiken shimásu ⤊㥺ࡊࡱࡌ; … mé ni aimásu …┘࡞ఌ࠷ࡱࡌ undergraduate (student) n daigáku-



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unfavorable



sei ኬᏕ⏍



moto ni modoshimásu ඔ࡞ᡘࡊ underground 1. adj chiká (no) ᆀୖ ࡱࡌ; (unties) hodokimásu ࡮࡜ ࡡ 2. → subway ࡀࡱࡌ, tokimásu ゆࡀࡱࡌ underline n, v kasen (o hikimásu) undone; comes ~ tokemásu ゆࡄࡱ ୖ⥲ࢅᘤࡀࡱࡌ ࡌ; leaves it ~ shinái de okimásu underneath 1. n shita ୖ 2. prep, ࡊ࡝࠷࡚࠽ࡀࡱࡌ undoubtedly adv utagai náku ␪࠷ adv shita ni ୖ࡞ undershirt n shátsu ࢨࣔࢵ ࡝ࡂ, táshika ni ☔࠾࡞࣬ࡒࡊ࠾ understand v (… ga) wakarimásu ࡞, kitto ࡀࡖ࡛ …࠿ ฦ࠾ࡽࡱࡌ; (… o) rikai undress v 1. (takes off one’s shimásu …ࢅ ⌦ゆࡊࡱࡌ clothes) fuku o nugimásu ᭱ࢅ understanding n rikai ⌦ゆ, ⬲ࡁࡱࡌ 2. (takes off someone’s (ability) rikái-ryoku ⌦ゆງ → clothes) fuku o nugasemásu ᭱ agreement undertake v (plans, attempts, schemes) kuwadatemásu ௺࡙ࡱࡌ undertaker n (funeral director) søgi-ya ⴷൢᒁ undertaking n shigoto ௘஥; (enterprise) jígyø ஥ᴏ, kuwada te ௺࡙ undervalue n kashøhyøka shimásu 㐛ᑚビ౮ࡊࡱࡌ underwater 1. adj suichü (no) Ề୯ ࡡ 2. adv suichü de Ề୯࡚ underwear n shita-gi ୖ╌, hadagí ⫑╌; (underpants) shitabaki ୖ ✰ࡀ, pántsu ࣂࣤࢵ, (women’s drawers) zurø´su ࢫ࣭ࣞࢪ, (panties) pántii ࣂࣤࢷ࢔࣭ underworld n 1. (another world) anoyo ࠵ࡡୠ 2. (gangland) ankoku-gai ᬧ㯦⾜ undeserving adj mottai-nái ࡵࡖࡒ ࠷࡝࠷ undisturbed adj sono mamá (de/no) ࡐࡡࡱࡱ࡚ࡡ undo v hazushimásu አࡊࡱࡌ;



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ࢅ⬲࠿ࡎࡱࡌ unduly adv yatara ni ࡷࡒࡼ࡞ uneasy adj shinpai (na) ᚨ㒼࡝ , fuan (na) ୘Ꮽ࡝ unemployed; ~ person shitsugyøsha ኶ᴏ⩽ uneven adj dekoboko (no) ࡚ࡆ࡯ ࡆ࣬ปผࡡ unexpected adj igai (na) ណአ࡝ , omoigakénai ᛦ࠷࠿ࡄ࡝࠷; (sudden) níwaka (no) ࡞ࢂ࠾ ࡡ ; (but welcome) mezurashíi ⌃ࡊ࠷ unexpectedly adv igai ni ណአ࡞, futo ࡨ࡛, (suddenly) níwaka ni ࡞ࢂ࠾࡞ unfair adj fu-køhei (na) ୘පᖲ ࡝ ; (unjustified) futø (na) ୘ᙔ ࡝ unfaithful adj (to her husband) futei (na) ୘ㇾ࡝ unfasten v hazushimásu አࡊࡱࡌ ࣬ࡢࡍࡊࡱࡌ unfavorable adj fúri (na) ୘ฺ࡝ ;



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unfeeling



(unlikable) konomashikunái ይ ࡱࡊࡂ࡝࠷ unfeeling adj hakujø (na) ⷟᝗࡝ unfortunate adj (unlucky) fukø´ (na) ୘ᖶ࡝ , fu-un (na) ୘㐘࡝ ;



(regrettable, inopportune) ainiku (na) ࠵࠷࡞ࡂ࡝ → pitiful unfortunately adv ainiku ࠵࠷࡞ࡂ, zannen nagara/desuga ṟᛍ࡝࠿ ࡼ࡚ࡌ࠿, [BOOKISH] ikan nagara 㐿᠅࡝࠿ࡼ unfriendly adj fushinsetsu (na) ୘のว࡝ , buaisø (na) ↋យ᝷ ࡝ , sokkenai ࡐࡖࡄ࡝࠷ ungrateful adj on shirazu (na/no) ᜘▩ࡼࡍ࡝ࡡ , kansha shinai វㅨࡊ࡝࠷ unhappy adj (gloomy) inki (na) 㝔 Ẵ࡝ , (moody) kigen ga warúi ᶭ᎒࠿ᝇ࠷ unhealthy adj 1. fu-kenkø (na) ୘೸ᗛ࡝ 2. (bad for one’s health) karada ni warúi మ࡞ᝇ࠷ 3. (sickly) byøki-gachi (na) ⑋Ẵ ࠿ࡔ࡝ unification n tøitsu ⤣ୌ uniform 1. n seifuku โ᭱, yunifømu ࣗࢼࣆ࢚࣭࣑; (military) gunpuku ㌯᭱; (school) gakuséi-fuku Ꮥ⏍ ᭱ 2. adj (the same) byødø (na) ᖲ➴࡝ , taitø (no) ᑊ➴ࡡ unify v tøitsu shimásu ⤣ୌࡊࡱࡌ unimportant adj (matter) mondai ni naránai ၡ㢗࡞࡝ࡼ࡝࠷ unintentionally adv tsúi ࡗ࠷, ukkari ࠹ࡖ࠾ࡽ, mu-ishiki ni ↋ណㆉ࡞, itosezu ni ណᅒࡎࡍ࡞



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union n (labor) kumiai ⤄ྙ, rødøkúmiai ຘ഼⤄ྙ; (alliance) rengø ㏻ྙ, renmei ㏻┍; (joint) kyødø භྜྷ, (merger) gappei ྙ ె, gødø ྙྜྷ unique adj yúiitsu (no) ။ୌࡡ ; yuniiku (na) ࣗࢼ࣭ࢠ࡝ unit n tán’i ༟న; (military) bútai 㒂㝪 unite v (they merge) gappei/gødø shimásu ྙెྙྜྷࡊࡱࡌ;



(combines dual functions as) … o kanemásu …ࢅ඾ࡠࡱࡌ United Nations n Kokusai-Réngø ᅗ㝷㏻ྙ United States n Amerika(-Gasshü´koku) ࢓࣒ࣛ࢜ྙ⾏ᅗ universe n úchü Ꮻᏼ; yunibåsu ࣗ ࢼࣁ࣭ࢪ university n daigaku ኬᏕ; at ~ zaigaku(-chü) ᅹᏕ୯ unjustified adj futø (na) ୘ᙔ࡝ unkind adj fu-shínsetsu (na) ୘の ว࡝ → mean unknown adj fumei (no) ୘᪺ࡡ ; shiranai ▩ࡼ࡝࠷ unless conj (shi)-nákereba ࡊ ࡝ ࡄࡿࡣ, (shi)-nai to ࡊ ࡝࠷࡛ unlikely adj ari-sø´mo nái ࠵ࡽࡐ ࠹ࡵ࡝࠷; (shi)-sø mo nái ࡊ ࡐ࠹ࡵ࡝࠷ unload v oroshimásu 㜾ࢀࡊࡱࡌ unlock v … no kagí o akemásu … ࡡ㘵ࢅ㛜ࡄࡱࡌ unlucky adj ún ga warúi 㐘࠿ᝇ ࠷; (fails to strike it lucky) tsúite imasén ࡗ࠷࡙࠷ࡱࡎࢆ



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up



unmarried adj hitori-mónó ≺ࡽ⩽, dokushin ≺㌗ unnatural adj fu-shízen (na) ୘⮤ ↓࡝ unnecessary, unneeded adj iranai ࠷ ࡼ࡝࠷, muyø (na) ↋⏕࡝ , fuyø (na) ୘こ࡝ ; (superfluous) yokei (na) ఴ゛࡝ unoccupied adj (free of business) hima (na) ᬜ࡝ unofficial adj hi-kø´shiki (no) 㟸 පᘟࡡ unpack v nimotsu o hodokimásu Ⲭ∸ࢅゆࡀࡱࡌ࣬࡮࡜ࡀࡱࡌ unpleasant adj iyá (na) ᎒࡝ ; fuyúkai (na) ୘ញᛄ࡝ unprofitable adj wari ga warúi ๪ ࠿ᝇ࠷ unqualified adj mushikaku (no) ↋ ㈠᰹ࡡ ; (unlimited) mujøken (no) ↋᮪௲ࡡ unreasonable adj múri (na) ↋⌦ ࡝ ; múcha (na) ࡳࡔࡶ>↋Ⲍ@ ࡝ ; hidói ࡥ࡜࠷ unrelated (to …) adj (… tó wa) mukánkei (no) …࡛ࡢ ↋㛭౿ ࡡ unreliable adj ayashii ᛱࡊ࠷, detarame (na) ࡚ࡒࡼࡴ࡝ unreserved adj (frank; rude) buénryo (na) ↋㐪៎࡝ unrest n sø´dø 㥹ິ; fuan ୘Ꮽ; shinpai ᚨ㒼 unsafe adj (troubled) bussø´ (na) ∸㥹࡝ unscrupulous adj akuratsu (na) ᝇ ࡼࡗ࡝ ࣬ᝇ㎝࡝



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unseemly, unsightly adj migurushíi ずⱖࡊ࠷ unskillful adj hetá (na) ࡫ࡒ>ୖᡥ@ ࡝ , mazúi ࡱࡍ࠷ unsociable adj bu-áisø (na) ↋យ ᝷࡝ unsophisticated adj sekenshirazu (na) ୠ㛣▩ࡼࡍ࡝ ; mújaki (na) ↋㑟Ẵ࣬ࡳࡋࡶࡀ࡝ , soboku (na) ⣪ᮌ࡝ unsuitable adj kakkø ga warúi ࠾ ࡖࡆ࠹࣬᰹ይ>᜞ይ@࠿ᝇ࠷ untangle v motsure o tokimásu ࡵࡗࡿࢅゆࡀࡱࡌ, kaiketsu shimásu ゆỬࡊࡱࡌ untidy adj kitanái ỗ࠷; chirakatte(i)ru ᩋࡼ࠾ࡖ࡙࠷ ࡾ untie v tokimásu ゆࡀࡱࡌ, hodokimásu ࡮࡜ࡀࡱࡌ until prep … máde …ࡱ࡚࣬㎶; ~ now ima-made ௑ࡱ࡚>㎶@ untouched adj sono mamá (de/no) ࡐࡡࡱࡱ࡚ࡡ unusual adj (abnormal) ijø (na) ␏ ᖏ࡝ ; (extreme) hijø (na) 㟸ᖏ ࡝ , (novel) kawatta ንࢂࡖࡒ, mezurashí ⌃ࡊ࠷ unwell; feeling ~ kimochi ga warúi Ẵᣚ࠿ᝇ࠷ unwilling (to do) adj (shi)-taku arimasén ࡊ ࡒࡂ࠵ࡽࡱࡎࢆ unzipped adj comes ~ (chákku ga) akimásu ࢲࣔࢴࢠ࠿ ✭ࡀࡱࡌ; to unzip a file (computer) fairu o kaitø shimásu ࣆ࢒࢕ࣜࢅゆ ෼ࡊࡱࡌ up prep (… no) úé e …ࡡ ୕࡫;



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upbringing



up (higher by) ¥100 hyakuéndaka Ⓤළ㧏; bring up v (trains) shitsukemásu ࡊࡗࡄ>㌣ࡄ@ࡱࡌ, (rears) sodatemásu ⫩࡙ࡱࡌ; get up v okimásu ㉫ࡀࡱࡌ; (gets one up) okoshimásu ㉫ࡆࡊࡱࡌ; go up v agarimásu ୕࠿ࡽࡱࡌ, noborimásu ୕ࡽ>᪴ࡽ@ࡱࡌ; make up for v oginaimásu ⿭࠷ࡱࡌ; up to now jü´rai ᚉᮮ, ima-máde ௑ࡱ࡚>㎶@; up-to-date adj (modern) géndai (no) ⌟௥ࡡ ; (latest) saishin (no) ᭩᩺ࡡ upbringing n shitsuke ࡊࡗࡄ࣬㌣; sodachí ⫩ࡔ update 1. n køshin ᭞᩺; saishin (-ban) ᭩᩺∟ 2. v køshin shimásu ᭞᩺ࡊࡱࡌ, saishin(-ban) ni shimásu ᭩᩺∟ ࡞ࡊࡱࡌ upfront money n atama-kin 㢄㔘 upkeep n íji ⥌ᣚ; (expense) ijí-hi ⥌ᣚ㈕; (care, repair) te-iré ᡥ ථࡿ upload v (computer) appurødo shimásu ࢓ࢴࣈ࣭ࣞࢺࡊࡱࡌ upon → on upper adj ue (no) ୕ࡡ upright adj katai ᇻ࠷ → honest uprising n bødø ᬸິ, hanran ཬ஗ upset 1. v (it overturns) hikkurikaerimásu ࡥࡖࡂࡽ㏁ࡽࡱࡌ,



(overturns it) hikkuri-kaeshimásu



ࡥࡖࡂࡽ㏁ࡊࡱࡌ → spill 2. v (disturbs) midashimásu ஗ࡊࡱࡌ; (is disturbed) midaremásu ஗ࡿ ࡱࡌ, (gets nervous) døyø shimásu ິ᥺ࡊࡱࡌ 3. n (stomach



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~) imotare ⫮ࡵࡒࡿ, muneyake ⬒↕ࡄ upshot n shímatsu ࡊࡱࡗ࣬ጙᮆ upside n 1. jøbu ୕㒂, ue-no-hø ୕ ࡡ࡮࠹ 2. riten ฺⅤ upside down adv sakasa(ma) (ni) ㏣ࡈࡱ ࡞ , abekobe (ni) ࠵࡬ ࡆ࡬࡞ upstairs adv ni-kai ஦㝭, o-níkai (de/ni, e, no) ࠽஦㝭࡚࡞, ࡫, ࡡ uptown (Tokyo) n yama-te ᒜᡥ, yama-no-te ᒜࡡᡥ up until adv (…) ízen … ௧๑ upwards of (…) íjø … ௧୕ urban adj toshi (no) 㒌ᕰࡡ ; shínai (no) ᕰහࡡ urge v (bustles up) sekitatemásu ࡎࡀ❟࡙ࡱࡌ࣬᛬ࡀ❟࡙ࡱࡌ; susumemásu ໅ࡴࡱࡌ; (persuades) unagashimásu ಀࡊࡱࡌ urgency n shikyü ⮫᛬, kinkyü ⥥᛬ urgent adj kyü (na) ᛬࡝ , kinkyü (na) ⥥᛬࡝ , shikyu (no) ⮫᛬ ࡡ ; urgent business n kyüyø ᛬⏕ urinal n (place) shøben-jo ᑚ౼ᡜ; (thing) shøbén-ki ᑚ౼ჹ, (bedpan) shibin ࡊࡦࢆ࣬ࡊ⎴ urinate v shøbén shimásu, shonben shimásu ᑚ౼ࡊࡱࡌ urine n shøbén, shonben ᑚ౼, (medical) nyø ᑺ urn n tsubo ࡗ࡯࣬ኌ us pron watáshí-táchi ࢂࡒࡊࡒࡔ >⚶㐡@, watakúshí-tachi >⚶㐡@; ware-ware ࢂࡿࢂࡿ࣬ᠻࠍ



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ENGLISH–JAPANESE



U-turn



U.S. n Amerika ࢓࣒ࣛ࢜, Beikoku ⡷ᅗ usable adj shiyø dekiru ౐⏕࡚ࡀ ࡾ, shiyø kanø (na) ౐⏕ྊ⬗ ࡝ , riyø dekiru ฺ⏕࡚ࡀࡾ, riyø kanø (na) ฺ⏕ྊ⬗࡝ usage n shiyø ౐⏕, kanyø ៈ⏕ use 1. n (utility) shiyø ౐⏕; (utilization) riyø ฺ⏕; (putting to ~) øyø ᚺ⏕ 2. n (for the ~ of) …-yø …⏕ 3. n (service) (go-) yø ࡇ ⏕, (o-)yaku ࠽ ᙲ 4. v tsukaimásu ౐࠷ࡱࡌ, mochiimásu ⏕࠷ࡱࡌ; (makes ~ of) riyø shimásu ฺ⏕ࡊࡱࡌ used adj (secondhand) chüko (no) ୯ཿࡡ , furúi ཿ࠷; used to (do) (shi)-ta monó/món desu ࡊ ࡒࡵࡡࡵࢆ࡚ࡌ; gets ~ to … ni naremásu …࡞ៈࡿࡱࡌ useful adj yaku ni tatsu ᙲ࡞❟ࡗ; yakudatsu ᙲ❟ࡗ, yüyø (na) ᭯ ⏕࡝ , chø´hø (na) 㔔᐀࡝ ; is ~ yakú ni tachimásu ᙲ࡞❟ࡔ ࡱࡌ, yaku-dachimásu ᙲ❟ࡔࡱ ࡌ; chø´hø shimásu 㔔᐀ࡊࡱࡌ useless adj 1. (wasteful) muda (na) ↋㥇࡝ 2. (of no use, unworthy) muyø (no) ↋⏕ࡡ 3. (unworthy, of no value) fuyø (no) ୘⏕ࡡ user n shiyø´-sha ౐⏕⩽; riyø´sha ฺ⏕⩽; (computer) yüza ࣗ ࣭ࢧ, yüzå ࣭ࣗࢧ࣭ usher 1. n toritsugi ཱིࡽḗࡁ࡛࣬ࡽ



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ࡗࡁ; (greeter) annai-gákari ᱄ හ౿, annai-nin ᱄හெ 2. v (~s one) annái shimásu ᱄හࡊࡱࡌ usual adj futsü (no) ᬉ㏳ࡡ , ítsumo (no) ࠷ࡗࡵࡡ , heijø (no) ᖲᖏࡡ , fúdan (no) ᬉṹ ࡡ ; as ~ ítsumo no yø´ni ࠷ࡗ ࡵࡡࡻ࠹>ᵕ@࡞, aikawarazu ┞ ንࡼࡍ࣬࠵࠷࠾ࢂࡼࡍ usually adv (normally) futsü (wa) ᬉ㏳࣬ࡨࡗ࠹ࡢ , tsüjø (wa) ㏳ᖏࡢ , (mostly) taitei (wa) ࡒ࠷࡙࠷࣬ኬᢤࡢ , (daily) fúdan (wa) ᬉṹ࣬ࡨࡓࢆࡢ , higoro (wa) ᪝㡥ࡢ , (always) ítsumo (wa) ࠷ࡗࡵࡢ utensil n utsuwa ჹ; …-yøhin …⏕ဗ utilities (bills) n køkyø-ryø´kin පභᩩ㔘 utility n jitsuyø ᐁ⏕ utilization n riyø ฺ⏕ utilize v riyø shimásu ฺ⏕ࡊࡱࡌ utmost; to the ~ ákú-made (mo) ࠵ ࡂࡱ࡚ࡵ ; does one’s ~ saizen o tsukushimásu ᭩ၻࢅᑸࡂࡊࡱࡌ utter → speak, say; ~ a curse noroimásu ࿖࠷ࡱࡌ utterly adv mattaku ධࡂ࣬ࡱࡖࡒ ࡂ, sukkári ࡌࡖ࠾ࡽ, zenzen ධ ↓࣬ࡏࢆࡏࢆ; ~ exhausted ku(t) takuta ࡂࡖ ࡒࡂࡒ U-turn n yütå´n ࣭ࣗࢰ࣭ࣤ࣬Uࢰ ࣭ࣤ; makes a ~ yütå´n shimásu ࣭ࣗࢰ࣭ࣤ࣬>Uࢰ࣭ࣤ@ࡊࡱࡌ



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vacant



V vacant adj 1. (open) aite imásu ✭ ࠷࡙࠷ࡱࡌ 2. (hollow) utsuro (na) ࠹ࡗࢀ࣬⹣ࢀ࡝ ; ~ car (available taxi) küsha ✭㌬; ~ lot aki-chi ✭ࡀᆀ vacate v akemásu ✭ࡄࡱࡌ vacation n yasumí ఆࡲ, kyüka ఆ ᬜ, bakëshon ࣁࢢ࣭ࢨࣘࣤ vaccination n wakuchin sesshu ࣠ ࢠࢲࣤ᥃⛸ vaccine n wakuchin ࣠ࢠࢲࣤ vacuum v søjiki o kakemásu ᤪ㝎 ᶭࢅ࠾ࡄࡱࡌ vacuum cleaner n (denki) søjíki 㞹 Ẵ ᤪ㝎ᶭ vagabond, vagrant n furø´-sha ᾃᾁ⩽ vagina n chitsu ⭴ vague adj aimai (na) ࠵࠷ࡱ࠷ ࡝ ࣬᭍ᫍ࡝ ; ii-kagen (na) ࠷ ࠷ຊ΅࡝ vain (conceited) adj unubore ga tsuyói ࠹࡟࡯ࡿ࠿ᙁ࠷; in vain adj, adv munashii ✭ࡊ࠷࣬ ⹣ ࡊ࠷࣬ࡳ࡝ࡊ࠷, muda (na/ni) ↋ 㥇࡝࡞ Valentine’s Day n barentain dë ࣁࣝ ࣤࢰ࢕ࣤࢸ࣭ valiant adj yükan (na) ຩᩊ࡝ valid adj yükø (na) ᭯ຝ࡝ valley n tani(-ma) ㆺ㛣 valuable adj taisetsu (na) ኬว࡝ , kichø (na) ㈏㔔࡝ → expensive valuables n kichø-hin ㈏㔔ဗ value 1. n káchi ౮ೋ, neuchi ೋᡬ



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ࡔ 2. v ~s (cherishes) it chøhø shimásu 㔔᐀ࡊࡱࡌ, chøhøgarimásu 㔔᐀࠿ࡽࡱࡌ valve n bén ᘒ van n (car) raito ban ࣚ࢕ࢹࣁࣤ vanish v (from sight) miénaku narimásu ず࠻࡝ࡂ࡝ࡽࡱ ࡌ; (from existence) náku narimásu ࡝ࡂ࡝ࡽࡱࡌ; (gets extinguished) kiemásu ᾐ࠻ࡱࡌ vanity n kyoei-shin ⹣ᰜᚨ, unubore ࠹࡟࡯ࡿ vapor n kitai Ẵమ → steam various adj iroiro (na/no) ࠷ࢀ࠷ࢀ >Ⰵࠍ@࡝ࡡ , ironna ࠷ࢀࢆ࡝, samazama (na) ࡈࡱࡉࡱ࣬ᵕࠍ ࡝ ; ~ places tokorodókoro ࡛ࡆ ࢀ࡜ࡆࢀ࣬ᡜࠍ varnish n nísu ࢼࢪ = wánisu (o nurimásu) ࣠ࢼࢪࢅሧࡽࡱࡌ ; nuri ሧࡽ vase n bin ⎴; (for flowers) kabin ⰴ⎴, káki ⰴჹ vast adj bakudai (na) Ⳑኬ࡝ vegetable n yasai 㔕⳧; (greens) aó-mono 㟯∸, náppa ⳧ࡖⴝ, ná ⳧ vegetarian n bejitarian ࣊ࢩࢰࣛ ࢓ࣤ; saishoku shugi-sha ⳧㣏 ୹⩇⩽; ~ cuisine shøjin-ryø´ri ⢥㐅ᩩ⌦ vehicle n nori-mono ஋ࡽ∸, kuruma ㌬, …-sha …㌬ vein n (vena) jømyaku 㟴⬞



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vice versa



veil n bëru ࣭࣊ࣜ velocity n sokudo ㏷ᗐ, hayasa ㏷ ࡈ, supiido ࢪࣅ࣭ࢺ velvet n birødo ࣄ࣭ࣞࢺ, berubetto ࣊ࣜ࣊ࢴࢹ vending machine n hanbái-ki ㈅኉ᶭ; ticket ~ kenbái-ki ไ኉ᶭ vendor n uriko ኉ࡽᏄ → seller, dealer venereal disease n seibyø ᛮ⑋ Venezuela n benezuera ࣊ࢾࢫ࢙ࣚ vengeance n fukushü ᚗㆮ ventilation n kanki ᥦẴ; ~ system kanki-sø´chi ᥦẴ⿞⨠ venture n bøken ා㝜; tøkiteki jigyø ᢖᶭⓏ஥ᴏ; tøki ᢖᶭ;



(speculation, wild guess) yamá ࡷࡱ࣬ᒜ veranda n beranda ࣊ࣚࣤࢱ; engawa ⦍ഁ verb n døshi ິペ verbal adj (spoken) køtø (no) ཾ㢄 ࡡ verification n shømei チ᪺; kenshø ᳠チ verify v shømei shimásu チ᪺ࡊ ࡱࡌ versatility n yüzü ⼝㏳; is versatile yüzü ga kikimásu ⼝㏳࠿ࡀࡀ ࡱࡌ verse n shi モ versus prep tai-… ᑊ… vertical adj táte (no) ⦢ࡡ , suichoku (no) ᆱ├ࡡ vertigo n memai ࡴࡱ࠷࣬┾ᬝ࣬ ┘┾ very adv zúibun ࡍ࠷ࡩࢆ࣬㝮ฦ, taihen ࡒ࠷࡫ࢆ࣬ኬን, totemo



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࡛࡙ࡵ, hijø ni 㟸ᖏ࡞, táisø ࡒ࠷ ࡐ࠹࣬ኬᒒ, góku ࡇࡂ; amari (ni) ࠵ࡱࡽ࡞ ; øi-ni ኬ࠷࡞࣬࠽࠽ ࠷࡞; the very + [NOUN] = the [NOUN] itself … sono-mónó… ࡐࡡࡵࡡ; at the very beginning/first saisho (no/ni) ᭩ิࡡ࡞ ; very well (satisfactory) yoroshii ࡻࢀ ࡊ࠷࣬᏿ࡊ࠷; (OK) yóshi Ⰳࡊ vest n chokki ࢲࣘࢴ࢞; besuto ࣊ࢪࢹ vestige n konseki ⑖㊟ vet n jü-i ⊿༈ veteran 1. n taieki gunjin ㏝ᙲ㌯ ெ; 2. adj (experienced) beteran (no) ࣊ࢷࣚࣤࡡ veto 1. n kyóhi ᢼྫྷ 2. v (rejects it) kyóhi shimásu ᢼྫྷࡊࡱࡌ vexatious adj haradatashíi ⭙❟ࡒ ࡊ࠷ via … prep kéiyu (de) …⤊⏜࡚ ; …o tø´tte …ࢅ㏳ࡖ࡙, … o héte …ࢅ⤊࡙ vibrate v shindø shimásu ᣲິ ࡊࡱࡌ vibration n shindø ᣲິ; (cellphone, etc.) baiburëshon ࣁ࢕ࣇ ࣭ࣝࢨࣘࣤ, baibu ࣁ࢕ࣇ vice n warúi shükan ᝇ࠷⩞ៈ, akufü ᝇ㢴 vice-president n (of company) fuku-sháchø ๧♣㛏; (of nation) fuku-daitø´ryø ๧ኬ⤣㡷 vice versa adv hantai ni ཬᑊ࡞, gyaku ni ㏣࡞, gyaku mo onaji ㏣ࡵྜྷࡋ, gyaku mo døyø ㏣ࡵ ྜྷᵕ



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vicinity



vicinity n fukín ௛㎾, kínjo ㎾ᡜ, chikáku ㎾ࡂ, … hen …㎮ vicious adj warúi ᝇ࠷, hidói ࡥ࡜࠷ victim n (of sacrifice) giséi-sha ≓ ∽⩽, (of injury) higái-sha ⿍ᐐ ⩽; falls ~ to … no gisei ni narimásu …≓∽࡞࡝ࡽࡱࡌ victor n shørí-sha ົฺ⩽, yüshøsha ඁົ⩽ victory n shøri ົฺ, yüshø ඁົ; wins the ~ yüshø shimásu ඁົ ࡊࡱࡌ video n ~tape bideótëpu ࣄࢸ࢛ ࢷ࣭ࣈ vie → compete view 1. n (scenery) nagamé ╈ࡴ; in ~ of … ni teráshite …࡞↯ࡼ ࡊ࡙, … o kangáete …ࢅ⩻࠻࡙ 2. v (gazes at) nagamemásu ╈ ࡴࡱࡌ 3. → opinion → outlook → look viewpoint n kénchi ずᆀ, mi-kátá ず᪁, tachi-ba ❟ሔ vigilance n keikai ㆑ᠼ vigor n génki ඔẴ, katsuryoku Ὡງ vigorous adj sakan (na) ┊ࢆ࣬ࡈ ࠾ࢆ࡝ ; sekkyoku-teki (na) ✒ᴗⓏ࡝ → energetic → healthy → strong villa n bessø´ ืⲦ village n murá ᮟ villain n warumono ᝇ⩽; akutø´ ᝇඨ vine n 1. tsurú ࡗࡾ࣬ࢵࣜ㹺ⶕ 2. (grape tree) budø no ki ࣇࢺࢗ >ⴭ⳿@ࡡᮄ vinegar n sú 㓉, o-su ࠽㓉



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vineyard n budø-en ࣇࢺࢗᅧ࣬ ⴭ⳿ᅧ vintage 1. n bintëji ࣄࣤࢷ࣭ࢩ 2. adj gokujø (no) ᴗ୕ࡡ violate v (breaks the law) okashimásu ≚ࡊࡱࡌ; yaburimásu ◒ ࡽࡱࡌ; … ni ihan shimásu …࡞ 㐢ཬࡊࡱࡌ, … ni somukimásu …࡞⫴ࡀࡱࡌ violation n ihan 㐢ཬ violence n (brute force) børyoku ᬸງ; domestic violence n katei-nai børyoku ᐓᗖහᬸງ, domesutikku baiorensu ࢺ࣒ࢪࢷ࢔ࢴ ࢠ࣬ࣁ࢕࢛ࣝࣤࢪ violent adj (severe) hageshíi ⃥ࡊ ࠷࣬ࡢࡅࡊ࠷; (unruly) ranbø (na) ஗ᬸ࡝ ; múri (na) ↋⌦࡝ violin n baiorin ࣁ࢕࢛ࣛࣤ virgin n (female) shójo ฌዥ, båjin ࣁ࣭ࢩࣤ, ki-músume ⏍ፃ; (male) døtei ❲ㇾ virtue n bitoku ⨶ᚠ , toku ᚠ virus n bíirusu ࣄ࣭ࣜࢪ, uirusu ࢗ࢕ࣜࢪ visa n bíza ࣄࢧ, [BOOKISH] sashø ᰕチ visible adj (mé ni) mieru ┘࡞ ず࠻ࡾ vision n 1. (eyesight) shíryoku ちງ 2. (dream) küsø ✭᝷ 3. (foresight) bijon ࣄࢩࣘࣤ visit 1. v hømon shimásu ゴၡࡊ ࡱࡌ; tazunemásu ゴࡠࡱࡌ 2. n hømon ゴၡ, (o-)asobi ࠽ 㐗ࡦ, (o-)ukagai ࠽ చ࠷࣬࠹࠾࠿࠷; (of solicitude) (o-)mimai ࠽ ず



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vulture



⯑࠷; (interview) menkai 㟻ఌ visitor n o-kyaku ࠽ ᐂ, o-kyakusan/sámá ࠽ᐂࡈࢆᵕ; raikyaku ᮮᐂ; (solicitous) mimái-kyaku ず⯑࠷ᐂ; (for interview) menkainin 㟻ఌெ vitamin(s) n bitamin ࣄࢰ࣐ࣤ; (pills) bitamin-zai ࣄࢰ࣐ࣤ๠ vivid adj senmei (na) 㩥᪺࡝ ; azayaka (na) 㩥ࡷ࠾࡝ ; ikiiki to shita ⏍ࡀ⏍ࡀ࡛ࡊࡒ vixen n kuchi urusai onna ཾ࠹ࡾ ࡈ࠷ዥ vocabulary n kotobá ゕⴝ, gói ㄊ ᙙ, tango ༟ㄊ vocal adj koe no ኇࡡ, ónsei (no) 㡚ኇࡡ vocalist n vøkaru ࢚࣭ࣥ࢜ࣜ, bøkaru ࣭࣍࢜ࣜ, (classical music) seigaku-ka ኇᴞᐓ vocation n shokúgyø ⫃ᴏ vocational adj shokugyø (no) ⫃ᴏ ࡡ , shokugyø-jø (no) ⫃ᴏ୕ ࡡ ; vocational sickness n shokugyø-byø ⫃ᴏ⑋ vogue n ryükø Ὦ⾔ voice n kóe ኇ voice mail n boisu mëru ࣍࢕ࢪ࣒ ࣭ࣜ void → invalid (= not valid) volcanic ash n kazánbai ℾᒜ⅂ volcano n kázan ℾᒜ, borukëno ࣍ࣜࢢ࣭ࢿ volleyball n barëbø´ru ࣁ࣭ࣝ࣍ ࣭ࣜ



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volt n boruto ࣍ࣜࢹ voltage n den’átsú 㞹ᅸ; high-voltage cable n køatsu-sen 㧏ᅸ⥲ volume n (book) hón ᮇ, …-bon …ᮇ; (of a set) (dái …-) kan ➠… ᕬ; (quantity) ryø´ ⿤ voluntary adj mizukara ⮤ࡼ࣬ࡲࡍ ࠾ࡼ; (optional) zuii (no) 㝮ណ ࡡ volunteer n borantia ࣍ࣚࣤࢷ࢔࢓ vomit 1. n hédo ࡫࡜࣬ཬྡ, (medical) øto ჊ྡ 2. v modoshimásu ᡘࡊࡱࡌ 3. v (throws up) (hédo o) hakimásu ࡫࡜ࢅ ྡࡀࡱࡌ vote 1. n tøhyø ᢖ⚂ 2. v tøhyø shimásu ᢖ⚂ࡊࡱࡌ voter n tøhyø-sha ᢖ⚂⩽, yükensha ᭯ᶊ⩽ vow → pledge vowel n boin ẍ㡚, boon ẍ㡚 voyage n køkai ⯗ᾇ; makes a ~ køkai shimásu ⯗ᾇࡊࡱࡌ V-shaped adj bui-ji gata (no) 㹋 Ꮚᙟࡡ , kusabi gata (no) ࡂࡈ ࡦᙟࡡ V sign n bui sain 㹋ࢦ࢕ࣤ vulgar adj gehín (na) ୖဗ࡝ ; iyashii ༚ࡊ࠷࣬࠷ࡷࡊ࠷; (mundane) zoku (na) ಐ࡝ vulgarities n gehín ୖဗ; zoku ಐ; soya ⢊㔕 vulture n kondoru ࢤࣤࢺࣜ; hagewashi ࣀࢣ࣠ࢨ; hagetaka ࣀࢣࢰ࢜



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wad



W wad n (chiisana) katamari (ᑚࡈ࡝ ࣬ࡔ࠷ࡈ࡝ ࠾ࡒࡱࡽ waddle v yotayota arukimásu ࡻ ࡒࡻࡒṄࡀࡱࡌ, yochiyochi arukimásu ࡻࡔࡻࡔṄࡀࡱࡌ wade v arúite ikimásu Ṅ࠷࡙⾔ࡀ ࡱࡌ, (across) arúite watarimásu Ṅ࠷࡙ῳࡽࡱࡌ waffle n (sweet) waffuru ࣠ࢴࣆࣜ wag v yuremásu ᥺ࡿࡱࡌ࣬ࡹ ࡿࡱࡌ, yureugokimásu ᥺ࡿິ ࡀࡱࡌ࣬ࡹࡿ࠹ࡇࡀࡱࡌ, (tail) furimásu ᣲࡽࡱࡌ wage n chíngin ㈜㔘, (salary) kyüryø ⤝ᩩ → salary wagon n 1. ni basha Ⲭ㤷㌬ 2. (station ~) sutëshon wagon ࢪ ࢷ࣭ࢨࣘࣤ࣠ࢥࣤ; wagon-sha ࣠ࢥࣤ㌬ Waikiki n Waikiki ࣠࢕࢞࢞ waist n koshi ⭔ (= loins), uésuto ࢙ࢗࢪࢹ; (specifically) koshi no kubire ⭔ࡡࡂࡦࡿ; kubire ࡂ ࡦࡿ; waistcoat n besuto ࣊ࢪࢹ, chokki ࢲࣘࢴ࢞; waist pocket n waki poketto ⬝࣎ࢢࢴࢹ waiter n úë´tå ࢙࣭ࢗࢰ࣭; ueitå ࢙ࢗ࢕ࢰ࣭; bøi(-san) ࣭࣍࢕ࡈ ࢆ → wait person wait; v ~ for… o machimásu …ࢅ ᙽࡔࡱࡌ; Please wait a moment.



dasai. ࡔࡺࡖ࡛ᙽࡖ࡙ࡂࡓࡈ ࠷; Please wait to be seated. interj (restaurant) Kakarinomono ga (o-seki ni) go-an’nai suru made omachikudasai. ౿ࡽࡡ⩽࠿࠽ ᖆ࡞ ࡇ᱄හࡌࡾࡱ࡚࠽ᙽࡔࡂ ࡓࡈ࠷ waiting n taiki ᙽᶭ; waiting for a long time adj machidøshíi ᙽࡔ㐪ࡊ࠷; waiting list n kyanseru machi meibo ࢞ࣔࣤࢬࣜᙽࡔྞ⡑, weitingu risuto ࢗ࢘࢕ࢷ࢔ࣤࢡ࣬ࣛࢪࢹ; waiting room n machiái-shitsu ᙽྙᐄ wait person n kyü´ji ⤝௘; sekkyaku-gakari ᥃ᐂ౿; kakari (no mono) ౿ࡡ⩽ waitress n úë´toresu ࢙࣭ࢗࢹࣝ ࢪ; ueitoresu ࢙ࢗ࢕ࢹࣝࢪ → wait person wake up v méga samemásu ┘࠿ つࡴࡱࡌ࣬ࡈࡴࡱࡌ, (rises) okimásu ㉫ࡀࡱࡌ; (wakes a



person up) … o okoshimásu …



ࢅ㉫ࡆࡊࡱࡌ Wales n wëruzu ࣭ࢗ࢘ࣜࢫ, uëruzu ࢙࣭ࢗࣜࢫ walk 1. v arukimásu Ṅࡀࡱࡌ, arúite ikimásu Ṅ࠷࡙⾔ࡀࡱࡌ 2. v (strolls) sanpo (shimásu) ᩋ Ṅࡊࡱࡌ ; goes for a ~ sanpo interj [FORMAL] Shøshø omachi- ni ikimásu ᩋṄ࡞⾔ࡀࡱࡌ 3. n kudasai. ᑛࠍ࠽ᙽࡔࡂࡓࡈ࠷, (way) hodø Ṅ㐠 4. n (walking) [INFORMAL] Chotto mattekuhokø Ṅ⾔



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warning



walking n hokø Ṅ⾔, wøkingu ࢚࣭ࢗ࢞ࣤࢡ; walking shoes n wøkingu shüzu ࢚࣭ࢗ࢞ࣤࢡ ࢨ࣭ࣖࢫ; walking stick n (cane) sutékki ࢪࢷࢴ࢞, tsúe ᮣ Walkman n Wøkuman ࢚࣭ࢗࢠ࣏ࣤ walkway n hodø Ṅ㐠 wall n (of house) kabe ባ; (around courtyard, etc.) hei ሚ࣬࡫࠷ wallet n saifu ㈀ᕱ㹺ࡈ࠷ࡨ, gamaguchi ࠿ࡱཾ, (billfold) satsu-ire ᮈථࡿ wallpaper n kabegami ባ⣤ walnut n kurumi ࢠ࣐ࣜ࣬⬄᱀ waltz n warutsu ࣠ࣜࢵ wander v (walks around) arukimawarimásu Ṅࡀᅂࡽࡱࡌ, (hangs round) buratsukimásu ࡩ ࡼࡗࡀࡱࡌ, buraburashimásu ࡩ ࡼࡩࡼࡊࡱࡌ, samayoimásu ࡈ ࡱࡻ࠷ࡱࡌ࣬ᙰᚖ࠷ࡱࡌ want v 1. … ga irimásu …࠿こࡽࡱ ࡌ, (desires something) hoshigarimásu ḟࡊ࠿ࡽࡱࡌ; … ga hoshíi desu …࠿ḟࡊ࠷࡚ࡌ;



(looks for, seeks to buy) motomemásu ịࡴࡱࡌ 2. ~s to do (it) (…ga) shi-tái desu …࠿ ࡊ ࡒ࠷࡚ࡌ, (… o) shi-tagarimásu …ࢅ ࡊࡒ࠿ࡽࡱࡌ; ~s to have (it) done (by…) (…ni) … o shi-te morai-tái desu …࡞ …ࢅࡊ



࡙ࡵࡼ࠷ࡒ࠷࡚ࡌ 3. → need, poverty; does as one wants v katte ni shimásu ົᡥ࡞ࡊࡱࡌ wanted criminal n shimei-tehai(nin) ᣞྞᡥ㒼ெ



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war n sensø ᡋண, rán ஗; after/ since the ~ sengo (no) ᡋᚃࡡ ; (after) the end of the ~ shüsen (-go) ⤂ᡋᚃ ; before the ~ senzen (no) ᡋ๑ࡡ ; a great war taisen ኬᡋ; World ~ II Dái ní-ji Sekai-Táisen ➠஦ḗୠ⏲ኬᡋ ward n (city district) kú ༇, …-ku …༇ wardrobe n yøfuku dansu Ὂ᭱⟰ ➙࣬Ὂ᭱ࡓࢆࡌ, ishø dansu ⾨⿞ ⟰➙࣬⾨⿞ࡓࢆࡌ ware n saiku ⣵ᕝ; (ceramic ware) tø´ki 㝙ჹ, setomono ℡ᡖ∸, …-yaki …↕ࡀ warehouse n sø´ko ಲᗔ, kurá ಲ warlike adj køsen-teki (na) ይᡋⓏ ࡝ warm 1. v ~s it up v atatamemásu ࠵ࡒࡒࡴ>Ὼࡴ࣬ᬦࡴ@ࡱࡌ, nesshimásu ⇍ࡊࡱࡌ; ~s the rice wine (o-)kán o tsukemásu/shimásu ࠽ ⇣ࢅࡗࡄࡱࡌࡊࡱࡌ 2. v ~s up atatamárimásu ࠵ࡒࡒࡱࡽ >Ὼࡱࡽ࣬ᬦࡱࡽ@ࡱࡌ 3. adj atatakai/attakai ࠵ࡒࡒ࠾࠷࠵ࡖ ࡒ࠾࠷࣬(not cool) ᬦ࠾࠷࣬(not cold) Ὼ࠾࠷; (lukewarm liquids) nurúi ࡟ࡾ࠷; (dedicated) nessin (na) ⇍ᚨ࡝ warmhearted adj kokoró ga atatakái ᚨ࠿Ὼ࠾࠷, atsui ཉ࠷࣬⠔࠷ warmth n (heat) átsu-sa ⇍ࡈ࣬ᬤࡈ warn v keikoku shimásu ㆑࿈ࡊࡱ ࡌ, chüi shimásu Ἰណࡊࡱࡌ warning n keikoku ㆑࿈; (alert) keihø ㆑ሒ; (notice) kotowárí ᩷



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ࡽ; warning label n keikoku hyøji ㆑࿈⾪♟, keikoku raberu ㆑࿈ ࣚ࣊ࣜ warp 1. n sorí ࡐࡽ࣬ཬࡽ 2. v (it ~s) sorimásu ࡐࡽ>ཬࡽ@ࡱࡌ; (~s it) sorashimásu ࡐࡼࡊ>ཬࡼ ࡊ@ࡱࡌ, yugamemásu ṅࡴ>ࡹ࠿ ࡴ@ࡱࡌ 3. gets warped v (distorted) yugamimásu ṅࡲ>ࡹ࠿ࡲ@ࡱ ࡌ; (crooked) kuruimásu ≤࠷ࡱ ࡌ 4. n (vertical threads) tate-ito ࡒ࡙⣊࣬⦢⣊ warranty n hoshø(-sho) ಕチ᭡ warrior n 1. senshi ᡋኃ 2. (Japanese) samurai ౜࣬ࢦ࣑ࣚ ࢕, búshi Ṃኃ࣬ࡩࡊ warship n gunkan ㌯⯼ wartime n sénji(chü) ᡋ᫤୯ , sensø no toki ᡋணࡡ᫤࡛࣬ࡀ was v … déshita (… dátta) … ࡚ࡊࡒ; arimáshita ࠵ࡽࡱࡊࡒ; imáshita ࠷ࡱࡊࡒ → is wash 1. v araimásu ὑ࠷ࡱࡌ; (launders) sentaku shimásu ὑ⃾ ࡊࡱࡌ 2. n the wash(ing) n sentaku ὑ⃾, sentaku-mono ὑ⃾∸; wash basin n senmén-ki ὑ㟻ჹ; wash tub n sentaku tarai ὑ⃾ࡒ ࡼ࠷ washcloth n (hand towel) te-nugui ᡥᣌ࠷, (dishcloth) fukín ࡨࡀࢆ ࣬ᕱᕮ washer n (washing machine) sentákú-ki ὑ⃾ᶭ washing machine → washer Washington n Washínton ࣠ࢨࣤ ࢹࣤ



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washout n 1. (big mistake) daishippai ኬ኶ᩃ 2. (a failure) shippai-sha ኶ᩃ⩽ washroom n (o-)teárai ࠽ ᡥὑ࠷, senmen-jo ὑ㟻ᡜ washstand n senmen dai ὑ㟻ྋ wasn’t v… ja/dewa arimasén deshita …ࡋࡶ࡚ࡢ࠵ࡽࡱࡎࢆ࡚ ࡊࡒ; arimasén deshita ࠵ࡽࡱࡎ ࢆ࡚ࡊࡒ; imasén deshita ࠷ࡱࡎ ࢆ࡚ࡊࡒ → isn’t wasp n hachi ⻇࣬ࣀࢲ, suzumebachi 㞓⻇࣬ࢪࢫ࣒ࣁࢲ waste 1. n (trash) kúzu ᒆ࣬ࡂࡍ, kuzu-mono ᒆ∸࣬ࡂࡍ∸; (extravagance) mudazukai ↋㥇 㐭࠷, røhi ᾁ㈕ 2. v (~s it) muda ni shimásu ↋㥇࡞ࡊࡱࡌ; (is



extravagant with) muda-zúkai shimásu ↋㥇౐࠷ࡊࡱࡌ, røhi shimásu ᾁ㈕ࡊࡱࡌ 3. falls to ~ aremásu Ⲡࡿࡱࡌ; waste away v shømø shimásu ᾐ⪎ࡊࡱࡌ; waste of effort n mudabone ↋㥇㦭, torø´ ᚈຘ; waste of talent n takara no mochigusare ᐀ࡡᣚࡔ⭁ࡿ; waste of time n jikan no muda ᫤㛣 ࡡ↋㥇࣬ࡳࡓ; What a waste! interj Mottainai! ࡵࡖࡒ࠷࡝࠷ wasteful adj mottai-nái ࡵࡖࡒ࠷ ࡝࠷, muda (na) ↋㥇࣬ࡳࡓ࡝ watch 1. n (timepiece) tokei ᫤゛ 2. v (looks at/after) mimásu ずࡱ ࡌ࣬びࡱࡌ࣬ࡲࡱࡌ; (guards it) … no bán o shimásu … ࡡ␊ࢅ ࡊࡱࡌ 3. v (observes) kansatsu shimásu びᐳࡊࡱࡌ; night watch 624



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way



(man) yakei (-in) እ㆑ဤ , yakan keibiin እ㛣㆑ങဤ, yo-máwari እᅂࡽ࣬እࡱࢂࡽ; watch for neraimásu ≲࠷ࡱࡌ࣬ࡠࡼ࠷ࡱ ࡌ; ~ a chance kikái o ukagaimásu ᶭఌࢅ❒࠷>࠹࠾࠿࠷@ࡱࡌ; watch out for (guards against) keikai shimásu ㆑ᠼࡊࡱࡌ; Watch out! Abunai! ༱࡝࠷࣬࠵ ࡩ࡝࠷! watcher n (nurse) kango-nin ┫㆜ ெ; (observer) kansatsu-sha びᐳ ⩽; (researcher) kenkyü-sha ◂ ✪⩽; fire-watcher n kasai keibiin ℾⅇ㆑ങဤ watchful; keeps a ~ eye (on the



situation) (jøkyø o) ukagaimásu ≟Ἓ࣬᝗Ἓࢅ ❒࠷>࠹࠾࠿࠷@ ࡱࡌ watchman n bannín ␊ெ, keibiin ㆑ങဤ; (gatekeeper) mónban 㛓 ␊ → night watch(man) water n mizu Ề; hot ~ o-yu ࠽…, yú … ; drinking ~ nomí-mizu 㣟 ࡲỀ, o-híya ࠽෫ࡷ࣬࠽ࡥࡷ; water gate n suimon Ề㛓; waterfall n taki ⁢࣬ࡒࡀ; waterfront n kashi ἑᓃ; watering hole n mizu tamari Ề‸ࡽ࣬Ềࡒࡱࡽ; water level n suii Ềన; suijun Ề‵; water power n suiryoku Ềງ; ~ plant suiryoku hatsudensho ỀງⓆ㞹ᡜ; waterproof adj bøsui (no) 㜭Ềࡡ ; water service → waterworks; waterskiing n suijø sukii Ề୕ࢪ࣭࢞; waterworks n suidø Ề㐠; ~ Bureau suidø´-kyoku Ề㐠ᑻ; turn on the



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~ namida o nagasu ᾞࢅὮࡌ (=



to cry, in order to get sympathy); waterwheel n suisha Ề㌬ watchmaker n tokei-ya ᫤゛ᒁ watermelon n suika ࡌ࠷࠾࣬ࢪ࢕ ࢜㹺け⎡ wattage n watto-ryø ࣠ࢴࢹ㔖 wave 1. n namí ἴ 2. n (permanent) páma ࣂ࣭࣏ 3. v (~s a hand) té o furimásu ᡥࢅᣲࡽࡱࡌ waver n yure ᥺ࡿ wax n (bee ~) mitsurø ࡲࡗࢀ࠹࣬ ࣐ࢵࣞࢗ㹺⻜⻵, rø´ ࢀ࠹࣬ࣞࢗ ࣬⻵ waxwork n rø-zaiku ⻵⣵ᕝ࣬ࢀ࠹ ⣵ᕝ, rø´ ningyø ⻵ெᙟ࣬ࢀ࠹ ெᙟ way n michi 㐠; (method) shi-kata ௘᪁, shi-yø ௘ᵕ, yari-kata ࡷࡽ ᪁; (means) shúdan ᡥṹ; (manner) tø´ri ㏳ࡽ, (fashion) fü´ 㢴, (trick) téguchi ᡥཾ; any way adv nanraka no høhø (de) రࡼ࠾>࡝ࢆࡼ࠾@ ࡡ᪁Ἢ࡚; all the way adv (from far) harubaru ࡢࡾࡣࡾ, tøi tokoro 㐪࠷࡛ࡆࢀ; by way of … → via; by the way adv, conj ① (incidentally) sore wa sø´ to ࡐࡿࡢࡐ࠹࡛, tokoróde ࡛ࡆࢀ࡚, chinami ni ࡔ࡝ࡲ࡞, tsuide ni ࡗ࠷࡚࡞, tokí ni ᫤࡞ ② adv (way of) ... o tø´tte ... ࢅ㏳ࡖ࡙; (via) ... keiyu (de/no) ... ⤊⏜࡚ࡡ ; get in the way v (o-)jama ni narimásu ࠽ ࡋࡶࡱ>㑟㨩@࡞࡝ࡽࡱࡌ, (o-)jama o shimásu ࠽ ࡋࡶࡱ >㑟㨩@ࢅࡊࡱࡌ; get out of the way



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wayside



dokimásu ࡜ࡀࡱࡌ࣬㏝ࡀࡱࡌ, nokimásu ࡡࡀࡱࡌ࣬㏝ࡀࡱࡌ; give way v yuzurimásu ㆙ࡽࡱࡌ࣬ ࡹࡍࡽࡱࡌ; make way v (goes forward) zenshin shimásu ๑㐅 ࡊࡱࡌ; No way! → no; on the way tochü (de) ㏭୯࡚ ; way above… adj …o haruka ni koeta ...ࢅࡢࡾ ࠾࡞㉰࠻ࡒ; way ahead adv zutto saki (ni) ࡍࡖ࡛඙࡞ ; way back adv (before) zutto máe (ni) ࡍࡖ ࡛๑࡞ , zutto izen (ni) ࡍࡖ࡛ ௧๑࡞ , zutto mukashi (ni) ࡍ



(pants, footwear) haiteimásu ࡢ ࠷࡙࠷ࡱࡌ࣬ᒓ࠷࡙࠷ࡱࡌ, (hat, headwear) kabutteimásu ࠾ࡩࡖ ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ࣬⿍ࡖ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ, (a pin, ornament, etc.) tsuketeimásu ௛ࡄ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ, (necktie, belt) shimeteimásu ⥶ࡴ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ, (on hands, fingers) hameteimásu ࡢ ࡴ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ weary 1. adj → tired 2. v wearies



(of …) (be sick of ) (… ni) akimásu …࡞ 㣤ࡀࡱࡌ weather n ténki ኮẴ o-ténki ࠽ኮ ࡖ࡛ᪿ࡞ Ẵ ; kishø Ẵ㇗; hiyori ᪝࿰ wayside n michibata 㐠❻; robø ㊨ weave v orimásu ⧂ࡽࡱࡌ࣬࠽ എ; gaitø ⾜㢄 ࡽࡱࡌ we pron watáshí-táchi ࢂࡒࡊࡒ weaver n (person) orite ⧂ࡽᡥ, ࡔ࣬⚶㐡, jibun-tachi ⮤ฦࡒࡔ࣬ (machine) hataori ᶭ⧂ࡽ; the ⮤ฦ㐡, [INFORMAL] uchira ࠹ࡔ Festival of the Weaver Star Tanabata ࡼ, [BOOKISH] watakushí-tachi ࢂ ୏ኟ࣬ࡒ࡝ࡣࡒ (7 July) ࡒࡂࡊࡒࡔ࣬⚶㐡; ware-ware ࢂ web 1. → n kúmo no su/ito ࢠࡵ ࡿࢂࡿ࣬ᠻࠍ weak adj 1. yowái ᘽ࠷࣬ࡻࢂ࠷; fú-jiyü (na) ୘⮤⏜࡝ ; (coffee, etc.) usui ⷟࠷࣬࠹ࡌ࠷ 2. grows ~ otoroemásu ⾮࠻ࡱࡌ࣬࠽࡛ ࢀ࠻ࡱࡌ weak point n (shortcoming) tánsho ▯ᡜ; (weakness) yowami ᘽࡲ࣬ ࡻࢂࡲ; jakuten ᘽⅤ; yowai tokoro ᘽ࠷࡛ࡆࢀ wealth n tómi ᐣ, zaisan ㈀⏐, zái ㈀ wealthy → rich weapon n heiki ඹჹ; buki Ṃჹ; kyøki นჹ wear 1. n fuku ᭱; irui ⾨㢦 2. v (on body) kiteimásu ╌࡙࠷ࡱࡌ;



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ࡡᕚ⣌ 2. → Internet wedding n kekkon ⤎፡, wedingu ࢗ࢘ࢸ࢔ࣤࢡ, (ceremony) kekkón-shiki ⤎፡ᘟ; wedding invitation n kekkonshiki (no) shøkaijø ⤎፡ᘟࡡ ⣺௒≟ Wednesday n Suiyø´bi Ề᭑᪝, Suiyø´ Ề᭑ weed n kusá ⲙ࣬ࡂࡈ, zassø 㞟ⲙ week n shükan 㐄㛣; shü´ 㐄, …-shü …㐄; week after next n, adv saraishü ්ᮮ㐄; week before last n, adv sensén-shü ඙ࠍ㐄 weekend n, adv shümatsu 㐄ᮆ weep v nakimásu ἵࡀࡱࡌ; (laments) nagekimásu Ⴟࡀࡱࡌ



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what



࣬࡝ࡅࡀࡱࡌ weigh 1. v it ~s … (…) no omosa ga … arimásu …ࡡ 㔔ࡈ࠿… ࠵ࡽࡱࡌ 2. v ~s it (…no) omosa o hakarimásu …ࡡ 㔔ࡈࢅ㔖 ࡽࡱࡌ࣬࠽ࡵࡈࢅࡢ࠾ࡽࡱࡌ 3. n omosa 㔔ࡈ, mekata ┘᪁, jüryø 㔔㔖; (of body) taijü మ㔔; (object) omoshi 㔔ࡊ࣬࠽ࡵࡊ weight/weighing scales n hakarí ࡢ࠾ ࡽ࣬⛏࣬ࣀ࢜ࣛ weird adj ayashii ᛱࡊ࠷࣬࠵ࡷࡊ ࠷, fushigi (na) ୘ᛦ㆗࣬ࡨࡊࡁ ࡝ , sugói ࡌࡇ࠷࣬෴࠷; (feeling) kimí ga warúi Ẵ࿝࠿ᝇ࠷ welcome 1. n (greeting) mukae ㎼ ࠻࣬ࡳ࠾࠻, kangei Ḵ㎼ 2. adj (it is ~) nozomashii ᭻ࡱࡊ࠷, arigatái ࠵ࡽ࠿ࡒ࠷࣬᭯ࡽ㞬࠷ 3. v (~s one) … o mukaemásu … ࢅ㎼࠻ࡱࡌ࣬ࢅࡳ࠾࠻ࡱࡌ, … o de-mukaemásu …ࢅฝ㎼࠻ࡱ ࡌ࣬ࢅ࡚ࡳ࠾࠻ࡱࡌ; Welcome! interj Yóku irasshaimáshita! ࡻࡂ ࠷ࡼࡖࡊࡶ࠷ࡱࡊࡒ!; Yø´koso! ࡻ࠹ࡆࡐ!; Irasshaimáse! ࠷ࡼࡖࡊ ࡶ࠷ࡱࡎ㸖; You’re welcome! interj Dø´ itashimáshite. ࡜࠹࠷ࡒࡊ ࡱࡊ࡙.; Welcome back/home! interj O-kaeri nasái. ࠽ᖉࡽ࡝ࡈ࠷. welfare n fukúshi ⚗♬; ~ policy fukushi-séisaku ⚗♬ᨳ➿ well 1. n (for water) ído ஬ᡖ 2. adj (good, nice) yóku ࡻࡂ࣬ Ⰳࡂ; (healthy) génki (na) ඔẴ ࡝ ; (splendid) rippa (na/ni) ❟ Ὤ࡝࡞ ; gets ~ naorimásu ἖



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ࡽ>├ࡽ@ࡱࡌ 3. adv (come on) så´ࡈ࠵; ~ now/then (sore) déwa ࡐࡿ ࡚ࡢ, (sore) jå ࡐࡿ ࡋࡶ ࠵, jå ࡋࡶ࠵, sáte ࡈ࡙; ë-to ࠻ ࠻࡛; tokoró-de ࡛ࡆࢀ࡚; (let me think) sø´desu né ࡐ࠹࡚ࡌ ࡠ; (maybe) må ࡱ࠵; very well (satisfactory) yoroshii ࡻࢀࡊ࠷ ࣬᏿ࡊ࠷ well-behaved adj otonashíi ࠽࡛࡝ࡊ ࠷࣬ኬெࡊ࠷ well-known adj yümei (na) ᭯ྞ ࡝ , chomei (na) ⴥ᪺࡝ well-liked; is ~ motemásu ࡵ࡙ࡱࡌ west n nishi け, sei-… け…; (the west) seihø け᪁, (the western part) séibu け㒂, (the Occident) Séiyø けὊ, (Europe and America) O-Bei Ḛ⡷; Western Japan Kánsái 㛭け western 1. adj nishi (no) けࡡ 2. n seibu-geki け㒂๸ wet 1. adj nureta … ࡟ࡿࡒ࣬⃷ࡿ ࡒ (moist) shimetta ‭ࡖࡒ, shimeppoi ‭ࡖࡰ࠷ 2. it gets ~ v nuremásu ⃷ࡿࡱࡌ 3. makes it ~ v nurashimásu ⃷ࡼࡊࡱࡌ, (dampens it) shimeshimásu ‭ ࡊࡱࡌ whale n kujira ࡂࡋࡼ࣬ࢠࢩࣚ㹺㪊 wharf n hato-ba ἴḾሔ what pron náni ర࣬࡝࡞ [nán ర before t, d, n]; nán no … ర ࡡ…, náni-… ర… [before any sound]; (which) dóno … ࡜ࡡ…; (in what way) dø´࡜࠹; what …



(one/fact that) … (no) monó/ 627



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wheat



kotó…ࡡ ∸஥, …no …ࡡ; what color nani-iro రⰅ, dónna iró ࡜ࢆ࡝Ⰵ; what day (of the week) nan-yø´bi ర᭑᪝; (of the month) nán-nichi ర᪝; whatever nan demo ర࡚ࡵ࣬࡝ࢆ࡚ࡵ; what kind of dono yø´na ࡜ࡡࡻ࠹>ᵕ@࡝, dø´yü ࡜࠹ࡹ࠹, dónna ࡜ࢆ࡝; what language nani-go రㄊ; what month nán-gatsu ర᭮; what part ① (where) dóko ࡜ࡆ ② (thing) dono bubun ࡜ࡡ㒂ฦ; what place dóko ࡜ࡆ; dóchira ࡜ࡔࡼ, dótchi ࡜ࡖࡔ; what sort of → what kind of; what time nán-ji ర᫤; what year nán-nen రᖳ wheat n komúgi ᑚ㯇࣬ࢤ࣑࢟; múgi 㯇࣑࣬࢟ wheedle v tarashi-komimásu ࡒࡼ ࡊ㎰ࡲࡱࡌ wheel n wá ㍧, sharin ㌬㍧, hoiiru ࣌࢕࣭ࣜ; (steering ~) handoru ࣀࣤࢺࣜ wheelchair n kuruma isu ㌬᳌Ꮔ࣬ ㌬࠷ࡌ when pron ítsu ࠷ࡗ; about when itsugoro ࠷ࡗ㡥࣬࠷ࡗࡇࢀ; since when ítsu kara ࠷ࡗ࠾ࡼ; until when ítsu made ࠷ࡗࡱ࡚; by when ítsu made ni ࠷ࡗࡱ࡚࡞ when … adv (the time that …) … (no) tókí…ࡡ ᫤; (where upon) … (suru) to … ࡌࡾ ࡛, (shi)tára … ࡊ ࡒࡼ, … (shi)-ta tókí… ࡊ ࡒ᫤; (and then) (shi)-te ࡊ ࡙, (shi)-tékara ࡊ ࡙࠾ࡼ, (shi)-te sore kara ࡊ ࡙



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ࡐࡿ࠾ࡼ; (on the occasion of) … ni sái-shite …࡞㝷ࡊ࡙ where pron dóko ࡜ࡆ; [DEFERENTIAL] dóchira ࡜ࡔࡼ where … adv (the place that …) … (no) tokoró…ࡡ ᡜ; (and there) …-te soko (de/ni) …࡙ࡐ ࡆ࡚࡞ whereabouts n shozai ᡜᅹ whereupon 1. adv → when … 2. … tokoró ga …࡛ࡆࢀ࠿ whether conj … ka dø´ka …࠾࡜ ࠹࠾ which pron 1. (of two) dóchira/ dótchi no … ࡜ࡔࡼ࡜ࡖࡔࡡ… (or … no dóchira/dótchi… ࡡ࡜ ࡔࡼ࡜ࡖࡔ); (of more than two) dóno … ࡜ࡡ… (or … no dóre …ࡡ࡜ࡿ); which damn (one) dóitsu ࡜࠷ࡗ which … 1. → that … 2. (and that) (soshite) sore (ga/wa) ࡐࡊ࡙ ࡐࡿ࠿ࡢ while … conj (no) aida …ࡡ 㛣; … (shi)-nagara …ࡊ ࡝࠿ࡼ; ...-chu (ni) ...୯࡞ ; (for) a while n shibáraku ࡊࡣࡼࡂ; a little while ago sakihodo ඙⛤, sákki ࡈࡖࡀ whip n, v múchi (de uchimásu) ࡳ ࡔ>㠬@࡚ᡬࡔࡱࡌ whirlpool n uzú-maki Ὸᕬࡀ࣬࠹ ࡍࡱࡀ, úzu Ὸ࣬࠹ࡍ whisky n uísúkíi ࢗ࢕ࢪ࣭࢞, wísukii ࢗ࢔ࢪ࣭࢞ whisper 1. n (a ~) kogoe ᑚኇ, sasayaki ࡈࡈࡷࡀ࣬ᄬࡀ 2. v (~s it) sasayakimásu ࡈࡈࡷࡀ



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wind



>ᄬࡀ@ࡱࡌ, mimiuchi shimásu ⪝ᡬࡔࡊࡱࡌ whistle n fue ➔; (v) (with lips) kuchibue (o fukimásu) ཾ➔ࢅ ྻࡀࡱࡌ ; (steam) kiteki Ữ➔ white adj shirói Ⓣ࠷; shíro (no) Ⓣ ࡡ ; howáito (no) ࣌࣠࢕ࢹࡡ ; snow ~ masshíro (na) ┷ࡖⓉ࡝ ; the ~ of an egg shírómi Ⓣ㌗ who pron dáre ㄙ; [DEFERENTIAL] dónata ࡜࡝ࡒ, dóchira (sama) ࡜ࡔࡼᵕ who … 1. → that … 2. (and he/



she/they) … (soshite) sonó-hito ga/wa …ࡐࡊ࡙ ࡐࡡெ࠿ࡢ whole adj zentai (no) ධమࡡ ; zén(-) … ධ…; the ~ thing (all of it) zénbu ධ㒂; one’s whole life isshø ୌ⏍ wholesale adj óroshí (de) ༷ࡊ ࡚ ; selling ~ oroshi-uri ༷ࡊ ኉ࡽ wholly adv zentai (teki) ni ධమ Ⓩ ࡞ whore n baishun-fu ኉᫋፦, jorø´ ዥ㑳 → prostitute whose pron dáre no ㄙࡡ whose … 1. → that … 2. (and his/



her/their) … (soshite) sonó-hito no …ࡐࡊ࡙ ࡐࡡெࡡ why adv dø´shite ࡜࠹ࡊ࡙, náze ࡝ࡏ, dø´࡜࠹; that’s ~ dákara (sá) ࡓ࠾ࡼࡈ wicket n kído ᮄᡖ; (ticket) kaisatsu-guchi ᨭᮈཾ; (window) madó-guchi ✾ཾ, …-guchi …ཾ wide 1. adj (haba ga) hirói ᖕ࠿



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ᗀ࠷ 2. adj hiroku ᗀࡂ; widely adv hiroku ᗀࡂ widow n mibø´-jin ᮅஷெ, yamome ࡷࡵࡴ, goke(-san) ᚃᐓ ࡈࢆ widower n otoko-yámome ⏠ࡷࡵࡴ width n hírosa ᗀࡈ, haba ᖕ; yoko ᶋ; yoko haba ᶋᖕ wife n (your/his wife) óku-san/sama ዚࡈࢆᵕ, fujin ኰெ; (my wife) kánai ᐓහ, sái/tsúma ጏ, nyø´bo/nyø´bø ዥᡛ; wáifu ࣠࢕ࣆ wild adj 1. wairudo ࣠࢕ࣜࢺ; (disorderly) ranbø (na) ஗ᬸ࡝ ; (rough) arai Ⲡ࠷; (roughneck) abare-mono ᬸࡿ⩽; (not cultivated) yasei no 㔕ᛮࡡ 2. gets ~ aremásu Ⲡࡿࡱࡌ wildlife n yasei døbutsu 㔕⏍ິ∸, yasei seibutsu 㔕⏍⏍∸ wild person n abare-mono ᬸࡿ⩽ ࣬࠵ࡣࡿ⩽ will n (intention) íshi ណᚷ, omói ᛦ࠷; (testament) yuigon 㐿ゕ; will be … … désu …࡚ࡌ; will do shimásu ࡊࡱࡌ win v (game/war) … ni kachimásu …࡞ົࡔࡱࡌ; (prize) jushø shimásu ུ㈱ࡊࡱࡌ, … o (kachi) torimásu …ࢅົࡔ ཱི ࡽࡱࡌ → victory wind 1. v magarimásu ᭜࠿ࡽࡱࡌ 2. v ~s it (around/up) makimásu ᕬࡀࡱࡌ; (reels) kurimásu ⧖ࡽ ࡱࡌ 3. n (breeze) kaze 㢴; seasonal ~ Ꮢ⟿㢴; strong (heavy) ~ ᙁ㢴; wind up (concludes it)



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shimemásu ⥶ࡴࡱࡌ, keri o tsukemásu ࡄࡽࢅࡗࡄࡱࡌ; against the wind sakaraimásu ㏣ ࡼ࠷ࡱࡌ windbreaker n (jacket) uindoburëkå ࢗ࢕ࣤࢺࣇ࣭࣭ࣝ࢜, jánpå ࢩࣔࣤࣂ࣭ window n mádo ✾; (opening, wicket) madó-guchi ✾ཾ; transom ~ ranma ḅ㛣 windshield wiper n waípå ࣠࢕ࣂ࣭ windy adj kaze ga tsuyói 㢴࠿ᙁ࠷ wine n 1. wáin ࣠࢕ࣤ, budø´shu ࡩ࡜࠹>ⴭ⳿࣬ࣇࢺࢗ@㒿 2. → rice wine, saké wing n (of bird or plane) tsubasa ⩴࣬ࡗࡣࡈ; (of insect) hane ⩒࣬⩒᰷࣬⩗; (of door/gate) tobira ᡤ࡛࣬ࡦࡼ wink n ma-bátaki ࡱࡣࡒࡀ࣬█ࡀ, uínku/wínku (shimásu) ࢗ࢕ࣤ ࢠࢗ࢔ࣤࢠࡊࡱࡌ winner n (victor) shørí-sha ົฺ ⩽, yüshø-sha ඁົ⩽; (awardee) jushø´sha ུ㈱⩽ winter n fuyú ෢; ~ solstice tøji ෢ ⮫; winter vacation n fuyu yasumi ෢ఆࡲ, [BOOKISH] tøki kyüka ෢᭿ఆᬜ wipe v fukimásu ᣌࡀࡱࡌ࣬ࡨࡀ ࡱࡌ; ~ away nuguimásu ᣌ࠷ࡱ ࡌ࣬࡟ࡃ࠷ࡱࡌ wire n harigane 㔢㔘࣬ࡢࡽ࠿ࡠ; (electric) densen 㞹⥲, (telephone line) denwa-sen 㞹ヨ⥲ → telegram wisdom n chié ▩ᜠ࣬ࡔ࠻



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wise adj kashikói ㈴࠷࣬࠾ࡊࡆ࠷, kenmei (na) ㈴᪺࡝ wish n (o-)negai ࠽ 㢢࠷, kibø ᕵ᭻; my best wishes to … (please



send) …ni (dø´zo) yoroshiku …࡞࡜࠹ࡑ ࡻࢀࡊࡂ>᏿ࡊࡂ@; wish for … ga hoshíi desu …࠿ḟ ࡊ࠷࡚ࡌ; wish that … (it does) (shi)tára íi desu (ga) ࡊ ࡒࡼ࠷࠷࡚ ࡌ࠿ ; wish to do (shi)-tái desu ࡊ ࡒ࠷࡚ࡌ; wish to have it done (shi)-te morai-tái desu ࡊ ࡙ࡵ ࡼ࠷ࡒ࠷࡚ࡌ wit n yü´moa ࣭࣓ࣗ࢓, kichi ᶭ▩, witto ࢗ࢔ࢴࢹ; to wit sunáwachi ࡌ࡝ࢂࡔ࣬༳ࡔ with prep … to …࡛, to issho ni … ࡛ୌ⥬࡞; (by using) … de … ࡚; (with … attached/included) … ga tsúita …࠿௛࠷ࡒ, …-tsuki (no) …௛ࡀࡡ ; ~ bath furo/ basu-tsuki (no) 㢴࿁ࣁࢪ௛ࡀ ࡡ ; ~ difficulty yatto ࡷࡖ࡛; ~ forethought mitøshite ず㏳ࡊ ࡙; ~ great delight ø-yórokobi de ኬႌࡦ࡚; ~ meals (included) shoku (ji)-tsuki (no) 㣏஥ ௛ࡀ ࡡ ; with respect to … ni kákete wa … ࡞࠾ࡄ࡙ࡢ; … ni kánshite … ࡞㛭ࡊ࡙ withdraw v 1. (pulls out) hikiagemásu ᘤࡀ୕ࡅࡱࡌ, hikitorimásu ᘤࡀཱིࡽࡱࡌ 2. (takes



out money) (yokin/okane o) oroshimásu 㡰㔘࠽㔘ࢅ ୖࢀ ࡊࡱࡌ; (yokin/okane o) hikidashimásu 㡰㔘࠽㔘ࢅ ᘤࡀ 630



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work



ฝࡊࡱࡌ wither v karemásu ᯜࡿࡱࡌ, naemásu ⴆ࠻>࡝࠻@ࡱࡌ within prep (…) ínai (…) ௧හ; …-nai …හ; … no náka (de/ni/ no) …ࡡ୯࡚࡞ࡡ ; ~ (time) ...-chu (ni) ...୯࡞ ; within the city shínai ᕰහ; within the office/company shánai (no) ♣හࡡ without prep (excluding) … no hoka ni …ࡡ࡮࠾>௙࣬አ@࡞; (not having) … ga nái to …࠿ ࡝࠷࡛, … ga náku (te) …࠿࡝ ࡂ࡙ , … náshi ni …࡝ࡊ࡞; (omitting) …-nuki (de/no) …ᢜ ࡀ࡚ࡡ ; without exception (all) reigai náku ౚአ࡝ࡂ, íssái ࠷ࡖ ࡈ࠷࣬ୌว; without fail zé-hi ᫕ 㟸࣬ࡏࡥ; without notice/permission mudan de ↋࡚᩷ witness n (in court) shønin チெ; shøko チᣈ wolf n ø´kami ࠽࠽࠾ࡲ࢛࢛࣬࢜ ࣐㹺⊃ ࡗࡄ㎰ࡲࡱࡌ woman n onná ዥ, onna no hitó/ katá ዥࡡெ᪁; josei ዥᛮ, jóshi ዥᏄ; (lady) fujin ፦ெ; okámi ࠽࠾ࡲ࣬࠽හൢ womanizer n onna-tárashi ዥࡒࡼࡊ wonder 1. v odorokimásu 㦣ࡀࡱ ࡌ; I ~ … ka shira … ࠾ࡊࡼ, … ka ne …࠾ࡠ 2. n odoroki 㦣ࡀ; fushigi ୘ᛦ㆗; it is no ~ that …



ࡀ࣬⣪ᩓ࡝ , sugói ࡌࡇ࠷࣬෴ ࠷; (delightful) ureshíi ࠹ࡿࡊ࠷ ࣬Ꭺࡊ࠷; (wondrous) fushigi (na) ୘ᛦ㆗࡝ , myø (na) ዼ࡝ won’t do v shimasén ࡊࡱࡎࢆ; it ~ ikemasén ࠷ࡄࡱࡎࢆ, damé desu ࡓࡴ࡚ࡌ wood n kí ᮄ, mokuzai ᮄᮞ, (lumber) zaimoku ᮞᮄ wooden adj 1. mokusei no ᮄ⿿ࡡ 2. muhyøjø no ↋⾪᝗ࡡ; wooden stairs n hashigo-dan ࡢࡊࡇ>᲋ Ꮔ@ṹ woods n (forest) mori ᲻࣬ࡵࡽ wool n ü´ru ࣭ࢗࣜ, ke ẗ, keito ẗ⣊. yømø ⨲ẗ woolen goods, woolens n keorimono ẗ⧂∸ word n 1. kotobá ゕⴝ࣬ࡆ࡛ࡣ, tango ༟ㄊ; …-go …ㄊ; (one’s words/speech) kuchi ཾ; (written characters) jí Ꮚ; (compound ~) jukugo ⇅ㄊ 2. (news) táyori ౼ࡽ࣬ࡒࡻࡽ, shøsoku ᾐ᜝; in other words adv sunáwachi ࡌ࡝ ࢂࡔ࣬༳ࡔ, iikaeruto ゕ࠷ᥦ ࠻ࡾ࡛ work 1. n hataraki ഼ࡀ࣬ࡢࡒࡼࡀ; (job) (o-)shígoto ࠽ ௘஥; (operations) ságyø షᴏ; place of ~ kinmú-saki ໂຸ඙; shoku-ba ⫃ሔ; construction ~ kø´ji ᕝ ஥; ~ in progress køji-chü ᕝ஥ ୯ 2. n a ~ (of literature or art) … no mo múri wa arimasén … ࡡࡵ↋⌦ࡢ࠵ࡽࡱࡎࢆ sakuhin షဗ 3. n (workmanship) wonderful adj subarashíi ࡌࡣࡼࡊ saiku ⣵ᕝ 4. v (does ~) shigoto ࠷࣬⣪ᬍࡼࡊ࠷, suteki (na) ࡌ࡙ o shimásu ௘஥ࢅࡊࡱࡌ;



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workaholic



ENGLISH–JAPANESE



(labors) hatarakimásu ഼ࡀࡱࡌ; kínmu shimásu ໂຸࡊࡱࡌ; (is employed at/by) … ni tsutómete imásu … ࡞ໂࡴ࡙࠷ࡱࡌ; (hires oneself out for pay) kasegimásu ✄ࡁࡱࡌ; ~ as (a …) (… o) tsutomemásu …ࢅ ຸࡴࡱࡌ 5. v (it ~s) (is effective) kikimásu ຝࡀࡱࡌ 6. v → study workaholic n wåkahorikku ࣭࣠࢜ ࣌ࣛࢴࢠ; hataraki-sugi (no hito) ࡢࡒࡼࡀࡌࡁ഼࣬ࡀ㐛ࡁࡡெ ; shigoto chüdoku(-sha) ௘஥୯Ẑ



wazuraimásu ↱࠷>ࢂࡍࡼ࠷@ࡱ ࡌ; ki-zukaimásu Ẵ㐭࠷ࡱࡌ࣬ Ẵࡘ࠾࠷ࡱࡌ; kokoró o itamemásu ᚨࢅ⑚ࡴࡱࡌ; Don’t ~ about it. Goshinpai náku. ࡇᚨ㒼 ࡝ࡂ࣬ࡇࡊࢆࡤ࠷࡝ࡂ, Shinpai shinaide (kudasai). ᚨ㒼࣬ࡊࢆ ࡤ࠷ࡊ࡝࠷࡚ࡂࡓࡈ࠷ . worse adj, adv mótto warúi ࡵࡖ ࡛ᝇ࠷; otorimásu ຋ࡽࡱࡌ࣬࠽ ࡛ࡽࡱࡌ; is no ~ off even if … …-témo motomoto désu …࡙ࡵ ࡵ࡛ࡵ࡛>ඔࠍ@࡚ࡌ; grow ~ ⩽ akka shimásu ᝇ໩ࡊࡱࡌ worker n (laborer) hiyatoi ᪝㞘࠷; worsen v (illness gets worse) rodo-sha ຘ഼⩽; (workman) koin kojiremásu ࡆࡋࡿࡱࡌ; akka ᕝဤ, shokko ⫃ᕝ; (employee, shimásu ᝇ໩ࡊࡱࡌ staff) shain ♣ဤ, shokuin ⫃ဤ worship 1. n sühai ᓤᣇ, (service) working n hataraki ഼ࡀ; (duty, job) raihai ♡ᣇ 2. v ogamimásu ᣇ (o-)tsutome ࠽ ໂࡴ; (operating) ࡲࡱࡌ unten 㐘㌷, ságyø షᴏ; ~ hours worst adj ichiban warúi ୌ␊ᝇ࠷; sagyø-jíkan షᴏ᫤㛣, kinmusaiaku (no) ᭩ᝇࡡ ; (lowest) jíkan ໂຸ᫤㛣 saitei (no) ᭩఩ࡡ world n sékái ୠ⏲; (at large) yo worth → value (no naka) ୠࡡ୯ ࣬ࡻࡡ࡝࠾, worthless adj tsumaránai ࡗࡱࡼ࡝ ࠷, yákuza (na) ࡷࡂࡉ࡝ (people) séken ୠ㛣; ~ war would → perhaps sekai-táisen ୠ⏲ኬᡋ World Cup n Wårudo kappu ࣭࣠ would like → want, wish wound 1. n (injury) kizu ഭ, ࣜࢺ࢜ࢴࣈ worldwide adj sekai-teki (na) ୠ⏲ kegá ࡄ࠿࣬ᛱᠻ 2. v (gets Ⓩ࡝ , sekai-jü ୠ⏲୯ wounded) kizu-tsukimásu ഭ௛ worm n mushi ⹰࣑࣬ࢨ ࡀࡱࡌ, yararemásu ࡷࡼࡿࡱࡌ; worry 1. n shinpai ᚨ㒼࣬ࡊࢆࡤ࠷, (injures) kizu-tsukemásu ഭ௛ࡄ ki-zúkái Ẵ㐭࠷࣬Ẵࡘ࠾࠷, wa- ࡱࡌ zurai ↱࠷࣬ࢂࡍࡼ࠷ 2. worries Wow! interj wå! ࢂ࠵ wrap v tsutsumimásu ໜࡲࡱ (about …) v (… o) shinpai ࡌ, høsø shimásu ໜ⿞ࡊࡱࡌ; shimásu …ࢅ ᚨ㒼ࡊࡱࡌ, 632



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Xerox



(something around it) makimásu wring (out) v shiborimásu ⤘ࡽࡱࡌ ᕬࡀࡱࡌ wrinkle 1. n shiwa ࡊࢂ࣬ࢨ࣠㹺⓶ wrapper n (traditional cloth) 2. v (it ~s) shiwa ga dekimásu ࡊ ࢂ>⓶@࠿࡚ࡀࡱࡌ furoshiki ࡨࢀࡊࡀ࣬㢴࿁ᩔ; (package paper) høsøshi ໜ⿞⣤ wrist n té-kubi ᡥ㤫 wreath n (lei) hanawa ⰴ㍧; ~ write v kakimásu ᭡ࡀࡱࡌ; shell sázae ࡈࡉ࠻࣬ࢦࢧ࢙㹺ᰜ⼲ (composes) tsukurimásu షࡽࡱ wreck 1. n (accident) jíko ஥ᨶ, ࡌ, tsuzurimásu ⥓ࡽࡱࡌ࣬ࡗ (collision) shøtotsu ⾢✲; (ship ~) ࡘࡽࡱࡌ; (publishes) arawananpa 㞬◒, sønan 㐴㞬; (train ~) shimásu ⴥࡊࡱࡌ ressha-jíko า㌬஥ᨶ, sønan 㐴 writer n sakka షᐓ, chósha ⴥ⩽; 㞬; (the wreckage) zangai ṟ㦹 (the author) híssha ➱⩽ 2. v (ruins it) kowashimásu ቪࡊ writing n (written characters) ࡱࡌ; ~s a car kuruma o kowamóji ᩝᏊ, jí Ꮚ; shorui ᭡㢦; ~ a composition/theme sakubun షᩝ shimásu ㌬ࢅቪࡊࡱࡌ wrestler n sumo ~ sumø´-tóri ┞᧖ wrong 1. adj (mistaken) machiཱིࡽ, o-sumø-san ࠽┞᧖ࡈࢆ; gátta 㛣㐢ࡖࡒ࣬ࡱࡔ࠿ࡖࡒ, (is (ranking) seki-tórí 㛭ཱི; (cham- in error) machigaemásu 㛣㐢࠻ pion) ø´-zeki ኬ㛭; (grand cham- ࡱࡌ࣬ࡱࡔ࠿࠻ࡱࡌ; (different) pion) yokozuna ᶋ⥐ chigatta 㐢ࡖࡒ࣬ࡔ࠿ࡖࡒ; wrestling n résuringu ࣝࢪࣛࣤࢡ; (wrongful) warúi ᝇ࠷; (amiss) (professional) puro-resu ࣈࣞࣝ (… no) guai ga warúi …ࡡ ර ࢪ; (Japanese) sumø ┞᧖࣬ࢪ ྙ࠿ᝇ࠷; something ~ ijø ␏ᖏ 2. n (malfunction) koshø ᨶ㝸 ࣓ࢗ㹺ࡌࡵ࠹; wrestling tournament n basho ሔᡜ; grand ~ ø-zúmø wry adj shibúi Ῠ࠷࣬ࡊࡩ࠷, ኬ┞᧖ nigái ⱖ࠷࣬࡞࠿࠷; ~ face wretched adj nasake-nái ᝗ࡄ࡝࠷ shibúi/nigái kao Ῠ࠷࣬ࡊࡩ࠷ ࣬࡝ࡈࡄ࡝࠷



ⱖ࠷࣬࡞࠿࠷㢞



X X n (symbol “wrong”) bátsu ࡣࡗ ࣬ࣁࢵ, battén ࡣࡖ࡙ࢆ࣬⨡Ⅴ x-axis n ekkusu jiku ;㍀ X box n ekkusu bokkusu ࢙ࢴࢠ ࢪ࣍ࢴࢠࢪ



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xenophobia n (hatred of foreign people) gaikoku-jin girai አᅗெ ᎒࠷ Xerox v kopii shimasu ࢤࣅ࣭ࡊ ࡱࡌ



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ENGLISH–JAPANESE



Xian



Xian v shiian けᏭ࣬ࢨ࣭࢓ࣤ Xmas n (Christmas) kurisumásu ࢠࣛࢪ࣏ࢪࣈࣝࢭࣤࢹ; Xmas gift



X-ray 1. n ekküsu-sen 㹍⥲, rentogen (shashin) ࣝࣤࢹࢣࣤ෕ ┷ 2. v ekküsu-sen (de) kensa n (Christmas) kurisumasu pure- shimásu 㹍⥲࡚ ᳠ᰕࡊࡱࡌ, rentogen (shashin) o torimásu ࣝ zento ࢠࣛࢪ࣏ࢪࣈࣝࢭࣤࢹ X-rating n seijin muke eiga shitei ࣤࢹࢣࣤ෕┷ ࢅ᧔ࡽࡱࡌ ᠺெྡྷࡀ᫆⏤ᣞᏽ



Y yacht n 1. (sailboat) yotto ࣙࢴࢹ 2. (motor cruiser) kurüzå ࢠ࣭ࣜ ࢧ࣭; luxury yacht n gøka kaisokusen ㇞⳱ᛄ㏷⯢ Yahoo! n Yahü (kensaku enjin) ࣕࣆ࣭᳠⣬࢙ࣤࢩࣤ yak n (animal) yaku ࣕࢠ yam n imó ࢕࣓࣬Ⱆ o-imo ࠽Ⱆ , yamu imo ࣑ࣕ࢕࣓ Yankee n Yankii ࣭ࣕࣤ࢞ yap v hoemásu ྩ࠻ࡱࡌ࣬࡮࠻ ࡱࡌ yard n niwa ᗖ yarn n ito ⣊; (for knitting) ke-ito ẗ⣊࣬ࡄ࠷࡛ yawn 1. n akubi ࠵ࡂࡦ>Ḗఘ@ 2. v akubi o shimásu ࠵ࡂࡦ>Ḗ ఘ@ࢅࡊࡱࡌ yeah interj å ࠵࠵; un ࠹ࢆ year n toshí ᖳ; nén ᖳ, …-nen … ᖳ; years old … -sai …ṋ; 1 ~ old hitótsu ୌࡗ࣬ࡥ࡛ࡗ, 10 ~s old tø´ ༎࡛࣬࠽, 20 ~s old hátachi/ nijús-sai ஦༎ṋ࣬ࡢࡒࡔ; year after next n sarainen ්ᮮᖳ࣬ࡈ ᮮᖳ; year before last n otótoshi



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࠽࡛࡛ࡊ࣬ୌᫎᖳ issakú-nen ୌᫎᖳ year-end adj kure (no) ᬵࡿࡡ , nenmatsu (no) ᖳᮆࡡ ; ~ party bønén-kai ᚸᖳఌ; ~ gift (o-) seibo ࠽ ṋᬵ yearly 1. adj nén ichido (no) ᖳୌᗐ ࡡ , nen ikkai (no) ᖳᅂࡡ 2. adv nen (ni) ichido ᖳ࡞ ୌᗐ, maitoshi Ẏᖳ, mainen (no) Ẏᖳ ࡡ yearn; ~ for akogaremásu ࠵ࡆ࠿ ࡿ>៷ࡿ@ࡱࡌ yeast n iisuto ࢕࣭ࢪࢹ yell v wamekimásu ࢂࡴࡀ>ႋࡀ@ ࡱࡌ, sakebimásu ྆ࡦࡱࡌ࣬ࡈ ࡄࡦࡱࡌ → shout yellow 1. n kiiro 㯜Ⰵ 2. adj kiiroi 㯜Ⰵ࠷; kiiro (no) 㯜Ⰵࡡ Yemen Arab Republic n Iemen arabu kyøwa-koku ࢕࢙࣒ࣤ࣬࢓ࣚࣇ භ࿰ᅗ yen n én ළ, …-en …ළ; high value of the yen n en-daka ළ㧏; low value of the yen n en-yasu ළᏭ; yen credit n enshakkan ළೇḨ



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youth hostel



yes adv hái ࡢ࠷, ë´࠻࠻; sø´desu ࡐ࠹࡚ࡌ; (or just say the verb) Yes, I see./Yes, I will (comply). Wakarimáshita. ࢂ࠾ࡽࡱࡊࡒ.; Yes and no. interj Dochiratomo iemasen. ࡜ࡔࡼ࡛ࡵゕ࠻ࡱࡎࢆ, Så dødeshø. ࡈ࠵࡜࠹࡚ࡊࡺ࠹ yesterday n, adj, adv kinø´ (no) ࡀ ࡡ࠹࣬ᫎ᪝ࡡ yet adv máda ࡱࡓ, and ~ sore démo ࡐࡿ࡚ࡵ, shiká-mo ࡊ࠾ ࡵ → but yew n ichii ࠷ࡔ࠷࣬࢕ࢲ࢕㹺ᷴ yield 1. n (product; income) dekiagari ฝᮮ୕࠿ࡽ࡚࣬ࡀ࠵࠿ ࡽ 2. v (gives in/up) yuzurimásu ㆙ࡽࡱࡌ 3. v (produces) sanshutsu shimásu ⏐ฝࡊࡱࡌ YMCA n Wai emu shii ei ࡒࡔ@, anata-gata ࠵࡝



ࡒ᪁ young 1. adj wakái ⱕ࠷࣬ࢂ࠾࠷; very ~ osanái ᖺ࠷࣬࠽ࡈ࡝࠷; ~ boy shønen ᑛᖳ, ~ girl shø´jo ᑛ ዥ; ~ novelist wakate-sákka ⱕᡥ షᐓ 2. the ~ → youth younger adj toshi-shita (no) ᖳୖ ࡡ ; ~ brother otøtó ᘭ, (your) otøto-san ᘭࡈࢆ; ~ sister imøtó ግ, (your) (o-)imøto-san ࠽ ግࡈࢆ youngest adj ichiban wakái ୌ␊ ⱕ࠷, (toshi-)shita (no) ᖳ ୖࡡ young lady n ojø´-san ࠽Ꮃࡈࢆ; musume(-san) ፃࡈࢆ young man n seinen 㟯ᖳ young person → youth youngster n (young person) wakamono ⱕ⩽ your(s) pron anáta-tachi/anatagata no mono ࠵࡝ࡒ㐡>ࡒࡔ@/࠵ ࡝ࡒ᪁ࡡ∸ yourself, yourselves pron anátajishin ࠵࡝ࡒ⮤㌗ youth n 1. (period in life) wakasa ⱕࡈ࣬ࢂ࠾ࡈ 2. (young person) whenever possible); sochira wakamono ⱕ⩽࣬ࢂ࠾ࡵࡡ (sama) ࡐࡔࡼᵕ ; o-taku ࠽Ꮹ, youth hostel n yüsu-hósuteru ࣭ࣗ o-taku sama ࠽Ꮹᵕ; (intimate) ࢪ࣌ࢪࢷࣜ



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zany



Z zany n døke-shi 道化師 zap v 1. (shoots someone dead) uchikoroshimásu 撃ち殺します 2. (defeats) (uchi) makashimásu (打ち)負かします 3. (deletes) sakujo shimásu 削除します zapped 1. adj (dead tired) tsukarehateta 疲れ果てた・つかれはてた 2. n (vigor) genki 元気, katsuryoku 活力 zapper n (remote control) rimokon リモコン zeal n (enthusiasm) netsui 熱意; netsujø 熱情; nesshin 熱心 zebra n shimauma シマウマ・縞馬 Zen n (Buddhism) Zén 禅 Zen Buddhist n Zen sø 禅僧 zero n réi 零, zéro ゼロ; (written symbol) maru 丸 zest n 1. (enthusiasm) netsui 熱意 2. (interest) tsuyoi kyømi 強い



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興味 3. (enjoyment) yorokobi 喜び ZIP, zip code n yübinbángø 郵便 番号 zipper n chákku チャック, jíppå ジッパー; fásunå ファスナー zinc n aen 亜鉛 zodiac n (horoscope) jünikyü-zu 十二宮図 zone n chitai 地帯, kúiki 区域; zøn ゾーン; tái 帯, …-tai …帯 zoo n døbutsú-en 動物園 zoology n døbutsú-gaku 動物学 zoom n kakudai 拡大, (camera) zümu ズーム; zoom lens n (camera) zümu-renzu ズーム レンズ zucchini n (vegetable) zukkîni ズッキーニ zzz n, interj gügü グーグー, ぐ うぐう



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