AMS2644 Inspection Material, Penetrant Rev. F [PDF]

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AEROSPACE MATERIAL SPECIFICATION



AMS2644 Issued Revised



REV. F 1996-08 2013-10



Superseding AMS2644E



Inspection Material, Penetrant RATIONALE AMS2644F revises referenced standards (2.3, 4.4.15), updates tables to reflect correct reference standards used (Table 2,), revises Table 3 for reference standards used for penetrant removability testing, revises instructions about material safety data sheets (3.2.3, 4.5.1), revises requalification (3.2.6) revises safety (3.3.1),corrosivity (3.3.2), and removability (3.3.8.6), clarifies processing parameters (4.4.5.1.2, 4.4.11.2), revises exposure equipment (4.4.7.2), specimen cleaning (4.4.11.5) and test specimens (4.4.5.2.1, 4.4.11.2), revises thermal stability of penetrant fluorescents (4.4.8) and tank life (4.4.9), revises requirements for developer bioresistance (4.4.15) and is a Five Year Review and update of this specification. 1. SCOPE 1.1



Purpose



This specification establishes the classification, technical requirements, tests, and test procedures for the qualification, approval, and quality verification of all materials used in the liquid penetrant methods of inspection with the exception of those excluded in the application section. 1.1.1



1.2



The qualifying agency for direct U.S. Military procurement is the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory AFRL/RXSA, 2179 12th Street, Room 122, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, 45433-7718, (937) 656-9151. AFRL/RXSA will maintain the qualified products list for military procurement of penetrant materials, replacing QPL-25135, and will audit and approve other testing facilities to perform all or portions of the tests contained herein. Application



This specification is applicable to penetrant materials used in manufacturing and maintenance operations. It is intended to be used by prime contractors in establishing an approved products list (QPL) for use by themselves and their suppliers. It does not cover such special application products as liquid oxygen compatible, high or low temperatures, thixotropic, reverse fluorescent, and dye precipitation penetrant systems. 1.3



Safety - Hazardous Materials



While the materials, methods, applications, and processes described or referenced in this specification may involve the use of hazardous materials, this specification does not address the hazards which may be involved in such use. It is the sole responsibility of the user to ensure familiarity with the safe and proper use of any hazardous materials and to take necessary precautionary measures to ensure the health and safety of all personnel involved.



__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright © 2013 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER:



Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: [email protected] http://www.sae.org



SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http://www.sae.org/technical/standards/AMS2644F



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SAE INTERNATIONAL 1.4



AMS2644F



Page 2 of 28



Classification



Penetrant systems covered by this specification are to be classified as follows: 1.4.1



Penetrants shall be of the following types, methods, and sensitivity levels:



Type 1 Fluorescent Dye Type 2 Visible Dye Method A Method B Method C Method D



Water washable Post emulsifiable, lipophilic Solvent removable Post emulsifiable, hydrophilic



Sensitivity level 1/2 Sensitivity level 1 Sensitivity level 2 Sensitivity level 3 Sensitivity level 4 1.4.1.1



1.4.2



Ultra low Low Medium High Ultra high



Sensitivity level 1/2 applies to Type 1, Method A penetrants only. There is no sensitivity level classification for Type 2 penetrant systems. Developers shall be of the following forms:



Form a Form b Form c Form d Form e Form f 1.4.3



Dry powder Water soluble Water suspendible Nonaqueous Type 1 Fluorescent (solvent based) Nonaqueous Type 2 Visible Dye (solvent based) Special Application Solvent Removers shall be of the following classes:



Class 1 Class 2 Class 3



Halogenated Nonhalogenated Special application



2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS The issue of the following documents in effect on the date of the purchase order forms a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. The supplier may work to a subsequent revision of a document unless a specific document issue is specified. When the referenced document has been cancelled and no superseding document has been specified, the last published issue of that document shall apply. 2.1



SAE Publications



Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. AMS4035



Aluminum Alloy, Sheet and Plate, 4.4Cu - 1.5Mg - 0.60Mn (2024-0), Annealed; or when specified, "As Fabricated" (2024-F)



AMS4045



Aluminum Alloy Sheet and Plate, 5.6Zn - 2.5Mg - 1.6Cu - 0.23Cr 7075: (-T6 Sheet, -T65 Plate), Solution and Precipitation Heat Treated



AMS4377



Magnesium Alloy, Sheet and Plate, 3.0Al - 1.0Zn - 0.20Mn (AZ31B-H24), Cold Rolled, Partially Annealed



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SAE INTERNATIONAL



AMS2644F



Page 3 of 28



AMS4916



Titanium Alloy Sheet, Strip, and Plate, 8Al - 1Mo - 1V, Duplexed Annealed



AMS5391



Nickel Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Investment Castings, 73Ni - 0.14C - 13Cr - 4.5Mo - 2.3Cb 0.75Ti - 6.0 Al - 0.010B - 0.10Zr, Vacuum Cast, As-Cast



AMS6350



Steel Sheet, Strip, and Plate, 0.95Cr - 0.20Mo (0.28 - 0.33C) (SAE 4130)



2.2



ANSI Publications



Available from American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002, Tel: 212-642-4900, www.ansi.org Z400.1



2.3



Hazardous Workplace Chemicals - Hazard Evaluation and Safety Data Sheet and Precautionary Labeling Preparation



ASTM Publications



Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org. ASTM D 93



Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester



ASTM D 95



Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by Distillation



ASTM D 445



Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (the Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)



ASTM E 2275



Standard Practice for Evaluating Water-Miscible Metalworking Fluid Bioresistance and Antimicrobial Pesticide Performance



ASTM D 4057 Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products ASTM D 4177 Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products ASTM E 1135



Comparing the Brightness of Fluorescent Penetrants



ASTM G 41



Determining Cracking Susceptibility of Metals Exposed Under Stress to a Hot Salt Environment



2.4



OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Organization) Publications



Available from U.S. Department of Labor/OSHA, OSHA Publications, P.O. Box 37535, Washington, DC 20013-7535, Tel: 202-693-1888, www.osha.gov/pls/publications/pubindex.list. 29 CFR 1910.1200



OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard



49 CFR 173



Department of Transportation Hazardous Material Regulations (Orders for the above publication should cite “49CFR 100 to 177").



2.5



Order of Precedence



In the event of a conflict between the text of this specification and the references cited herein, the text of this specification shall take precedence.



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SAE INTERNATIONAL



AMS2644F



Page 4 of 28



3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS 3.1



Materials



Candidate materials and systems must equal or exceed the performance of the appropriate reference material or system. Table 1 lists the designations assigned to the reference materials. Table 2 and Table 3 identify the reference material to be used with candidate materials for qualification testing and the reference materials to which the respective candidates are compared for performance evaluation. For example, a candidate Type 1, Method B, Level 2 system would be used with the D-1 reference dry powder developer and compared to the FP-2PE/FE-B reference system used with the D-1 reference dry powder developer. 3.2



Qualification



Penetrant materials furnished shall be products which are qualified under the requirements of this specification at the time set for the opening of bids. 3.2.1



Qualification Provisions



Penetrant materials shall be qualified in accordance with the following provisions. 3.2.1.1



Type 1 (Fluorescent Dye) Materials



Method A (water washable) penetrants and Methods B and D (post emulsifiable) penetrants/emulsifiers shall be qualified with the reference dry developer D-1. Method C penetrants shall be qualified either on the basis of their performance as Method A, B, or D materials, or, alternatively, with the reference solvent remover R-1 and reference dry developer D-1. 3.2.1.2



Type 2 (Visible Dye) Materials



Method A, B, and D penetrant systems shall be qualified with the reference nonaqueous wet developer D-2, Method C (solvent removable) penetrants shall be qualified based upon their qualification as a component of a Method A, B, or D system, or qualified with the reference solvent remover R-2 and reference nonaqueous developer D-2. 3.2.1.3



Developers



All developers intended for use with Type 1 (fluorescent) penetrant materials, except Form f (special application), shall be qualified with the reference Level 4, Method B penetrant/emulsifier system FP-4PE/FE-B (See Table 1). All developers intended for use with Type 2 (visible) penetrant materials, except Form f, shall be qualified with the Type 2 reference penetrant and Method B emulsifier VPPE/VE-B. Form f developers shall be qualified in accordance with 3.2.1.5. 3.2.1.4



Solvent Removers



Classes l and 2 solvent removers shall be qualified with the reference penetrant FP-4PE and reference developer D-1. Class 3 solvent removers shall be qualified in accordance with 3.2.1.5 3.2.1.5



Special Application Developers/Removers



Form f developers and Class 3 removers shall be qualified with materials as specified by the manufacturer and approval shall be specific to those materials. 3.2.2



Qualification Testing Samples



Samples submitted shall be accompanied by mixing instructions and any other pertinent data as required by the qualifying agency. Sample size shall be as required by the qualifying agency, up to 1 quart (0.95 L) of penetrant and hydrophilic emulsifier, 1 gallon (3.8 L) of lipophilic emulsifier and 2 pounds (0.9 kg) of developer powder. Nonaqueous developers shall be submitted in aerosol containers only and the sample size shall be two containers.



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SAE INTERNATIONAL 3.2.3



AMS2644F



Page 5 of 28



Toxicity Characteristics Review



The manufacture shall submit a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for each candidate product to the qualifying agency. The MSDS shall be prepared in accordance with 29CFR 1910.1200, section (g) or ANSI Z400.1. The manufacturer shall certify that he has reviewed the Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for each ingredient of the formulation and based on this information shall certify further that the finished product does not contain materials that are toxic or are detrimental to personnel health or the environment under normal use. This certification shall be signed off by the President or General Manager as well as the Health and Safety Officer of the respective firm submitting products for qualification. The qualifying agency will rely on the certification that the finished product does not contain materials that are toxic or are detrimental to personnel health or the environment under normal use. Qualification does not imply that the qualifying agency has independently verified that the certification is true or accurate or has determined that the finished product does not contain materials that are toxic or are detrimental to personnel health or the environment under normal use. However, the qualifying agency reserves the right to deny or revoke qualification if data is presented which refutes the manufacturer’s health and safety certification. 3.2.4



Reference Materials



Reference materials shall serve to demonstrate the minimum acceptable performance requirements. Table 1 details the reference materials required for the qualification of the different penetrant systems, developers, and solvent removers. Identification of reference materials is available from the qualifying agency. 3.2.5



Qualification Testing



All qualification tests shall be conducted by a laboratory or penetrant manufacturer specifically approved by the qualifying agency. A certified test report shall be furnished to the qualifying agency upon submittal of candidate penetrant materials for qualification. 3.2.6



Requalification



Penetrant materials shall be requalified when changes to their formula or method of manufacture are made which are outside of normal manufacturing tolerances. Requalification intervals may be established at the discretion of the qualification agency. 3.3



Physical Properties



3.3.1



Safety



The hazard characteristics of each material shall be properly identified and defined on a material safety data sheet prepared in accordance with 29CFR 1910.1200, section (g) or ANSI Z400.1. 3.3.1.1



Safety Data Sheet Updates



Whenever a material safety data sheet is updated by the manufacturer, a copy of the update shall be sent to the qualifying agency with each subsequent shipment. 3.3.1.2



3.3.2



Prohibited ingredients for any penetrant material include asbestos, compounds of hexavalent chromium, Class 1 Ozone Layer Depleting Substances (OLDS) and OLDS banned by federal regulation. Corrosive Properties



All inspection materials shall be noncorrosive and nonoxidizing. The materials shall be tested as supplied by the manufacturer, or mixed to working concentrations with deionized water in the case of aqueous developers, hydrophilic removers and water base penetrants. The test panels shall show no evidence of pitting, etching, cracking, oxidation, or corrosion when examined after testing in accordance with the following requirements. Tarnishing or discoloration that does not result in pitting, etching, or another form of metal removal is not cause for rejection.



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SAE INTERNATIONAL 3.3.2.1



AMS2644F



Page 6 of 28



Moderate Temperature Corrosion



All materials shall be tested for moderate temperature corrosiveness to steel, aluminum, and magnesium in accordance with 4.4.1. 3.3.2.2



High Temperature Stress Corrosion of Titanium



All materials shall be tested for corrosion of titanium in accordance with 4.4.2. 3.3.2.3



High Temperature Corrosion of Cast Nickel Alloys



All materials shall be tested for corrosion of nickel alloys in accordance with 4.4.3. 3.3.2.4



Interpretation



Samples containing water may corrode the portion of the specimen not covered by the sample. This is acceptable. Oxidation, pitting, etching, cracking, or corrosion below the liquid level is not acceptable. Tarnishing or discoloration that does not result in pitting, etching, or another form of metal removal is not cause for rejection. 3.3.3



Flash Point



Penetrants and Method B emulsifiers, in other than aerosol containers, shall have flash points not lower than 200 °F (93 °C) when tested in accordance with ASTM D 93. 3.3.4



Viscosity



The manufacturer shall state the nominal viscosity for each penetrant and emulsifier submitted for qualification. This viscosity, ±10 percent, shall establish the requirement for subsequent batches of material. Viscosity shall be tested in accordance with ASTM D 445 at 100 °F ± 5 (38 °C ± 3). 3.3.5



Storage Stability



The supplier shall certify that all materials submitted for qualification are capable of meeting specified requirements after a one year storage, in fully-closed containers, between 60 and 100 °F (16 and 38 °C). Conformance may be confirmed by testing the samples submitted for qualification to specified requirements after the one-year storage period. 3.3.6



Temperature Stability



All penetrants and emulsifiers shall show no separation when tested in accordance with 4.4.4. 3.3.7



Sensitivity



Candidate systems and materials must equal or exceed the performance of the appropriate reference system or material (See Table 2). Sensitivity shall be tested in accordance with 4.4.5. 3.3.8



Penetrants



3.3.8.1



Condition



All penetrants shall be furnished in a ready-to-use condition requiring no mixing or stirring. 3.3.8.2



Color



Type 2 penetrant shall be red, orange, or purple when viewed under visible light. 3.3.8.3 3.3.8.3.1



Fluorescent Properties (Type 1) Color



Type 1 penetrants shall fluoresce green, yellow, or orange when observed under ultraviolet tradiation (UV-A).



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SAE INTERNATIONAL 3.3.8.3.2



AMS2644F



Page 7 of 28



Brightness



The fluorescent brightness of Type 1 penetrants shall be not less than the following percentages of the brightness of the reference penetrant FP-4PE when tested in accordance with ASTM E 1135: Level 1/2 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 3.3.8.3.3



50 Percent 65 Percent 80 Percent 90 Percent 95 Percent Ultraviolet Stability



The ultraviolet stability of the fluorescence of Type 1 penetrants shall be tested in accordance with 4.4.7. The minimum acceptable values are as follows: Level 1/2 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 3.3.8.3.4



50 Percent 50 Percent 50 Percent 70 Percent 70 Percent Thermal Stability



The thermal stability of the fluorescence of Type 1 penetrants shall be tested in accordance with 4.4.8. The minimum acceptable values are as follows: Level 1/2 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 3.3.8.4



60 Percent 60 Percent 60 Percent 80 Percent 80 Percent Tank Life



Penetrants shall show no separation, precipitation, or scum formation when tested in accordance with 4.4.9. 3.3.8.5



Water Tolerance



Method A penetrants shall tolerate not less than 5% water addition without gelling, separating, or coagulating when tested in accordance with 4.4.10. 3.3.8.6



Removability



Penetrant systems shall leave no more residual penetrant than the same sensitivity level reference penetrant system (Table 3) when tested in accordance with 4.4.11. 3.3.9 3.3.9.1



Emulsifiers Color



The color of Type 1 system emulsifiers shall be distinctly different from the color of Type 1 penetrants when viewed under either visible light or ultraviolet radiation. The color of Type 2 system emulsifiers shall be distinctly different from the color of Type 2 penetrants. 3.3.9.2



Tank Life



Method B emulsifiers shall show no separation, precipitate, or scum formation when tested in accordance with 4.4.9.



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SAE INTERNATIONAL 3.3.9.3



AMS2644F



Page 8 of 28



Penetrant Contamination



Method B emulsifiers, mixed in the ratio of 4 parts emulsifier to 1 part penetrant, shall leave no more residual background than a comparable mixture of the appropriate reference standards when tested for removability in accordance with 4.4.11. 3.3.9.4



Water Tolerance



Method B emulsifiers shall tolerate not less than 5% water without gelling, separation, or coagulation, when tested in accordance with 4.4.10. Method B emulsifiers containing 5% added water by volume shall also meet the removability requirement (3.3.8.6) when used with the appropriate penetrant. 3.3.9.5



Concentration



Method B emulsifiers shall be supplied in ready-to-use form not requiring further mixing. Method D emulsifiers shall be supplied as concentrates to be mixed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions for specified tests. 3.3.9.6



Water Content



Method D emulsifiers shall not be supplied containing more than 5% water when tested in accordance with ASTM D 95, or equivalent. 3.3.10 Developers 3.3.10.1 Form Forms a, d, and e developers shall be supplied ready mixed for use without further dilution. Forms b and c developers shall be supplied as concentrates to be mixed with water according to manufacturer's instructions. Aerosol packaging of Forms d and e developers shall include a pellet to aid in agitation of the contents. 3.3.10.2 General Developers for Type 1 penetrants, after application, shall exhibit no green, yellow, or orange fluorescence, and fluorescence of other colors shall be no greater than that of the reference developer. Developers for Type 2 penetrants shall provide good contrast with the penetrant to be used when viewed under visible light. 3.3.10.3 Coverage Forms b, c, d, e, and f developers shall provide a smooth even coating which covers the test surface completely when applied in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions. 3.3.10.4 Developer Removability All developers shall be easily and completely removed when tested in accordance with 4.4.12. 3.3.10.5 Developer Redispersibility Form c developer shall be mixed with water in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions and then tested according to 4.4.13. Forms d and e developers shall be thoroughly mixed and, if packaged in an aerosol container, prepared for testing by emptying the contents of the container by any means except spraying. All developers of the suspension type shall be readily resuspended when tested according to 4.4.13. 3.3.10.6 Developer Performance All developers shall perform equal to or better than that of the appropriate reference developer from Table 2 when tested in accordance with 4.4.14. 3.3.10.7 Developer Bioresistance Forms b water soluble and c water suspendible developers shall show a downward trend from the high initial count at inoculation to a final count of 105/ml or less when tested in accordance with 4.4.15.



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SAE INTERNATIONAL



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Page 9 of 28



3.3.11 Solvent Removers 3.3.11.1 Form Solvent removers may be suitable commercial or proprietary solvents. 3.3.11.2 Classification Manufacturers shall identify solvent removers by class according to 1.4.3. 3.3.11.3 Performance All solvent removers shall perform equal to or better than that of the appropriate reference solvent remover (Table 2), when tested in accordance with 4.4.16. 3.3.11.4 Penetrant Removal with Solvent Remover Solvent removers shall leave no more residual penetrant than the reference solvent remover when tested in accordance with 4.4.11.2. 4. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS 4.1



Responsibility for Inspection



The penetrant manufacturer shall be responsible for the performance of all required tests. Purchaser reserves the right to sample and to perform any confirmatory testing deemed necessary to ensure that the product conforms to specified requirements. 4.2



Classification of Tests



4.2.1



Qualification Tests



This classification includes all tests performed on penetrant materials to verify compliance with the requirements of 3.3. 4.2.2



Acceptance Tests



The following tests are acceptance tests and shall be performed on each batch, sampled in accordance with 4.3. 4.2.2.1



Penetrant Tests



Flash Point Viscosity Fluorescent Brightness (Type 1 Systems Only) Water Tolerance (Method A only) Removability 4.2.2.2



Emulsifier Tests



Flash Point Viscosity Water Content (Method D only) 4.2.2.3



3.3.3 3.3.4 3.3.8.3.2 3.3.8.5 3.3.8.6



3.3.3 3.3.4 3.3.9.6



Developer Tests



Developer Fluorescence Developer Removability Redispersibility (Forms c, d, and e only)



3.3.10.2 3.3.10.4 3.3.10.5



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SAE INTERNATIONAL 4.3



AMS2644F



Page 10 of 28



Sampling



Shall be in accordance with ASTM D 4057 or ASTM D 4177, unless otherwise specified. 4.3.1



Batch



A batch shall be that quantity of material produced in a single production run. 4.3.2



Sampling Plan A



For all products, a sample shall be taken from each batch. 4.3.3



Sampling Plan B



When specified by purchaser, a second sample of each material shall be selected as specified in sampling plan “A” and forwarded to the purchaser. This sample shall be accompanied by a certified test report showing the results of the tests specified by 4.2.2. The purchaser may subject the sample to any of specified tests deemed advisable. 4.3.4



Packaged Product Sampling



Packaged batches of product shall be inspected for general package condition, leakage, and proper labeling. Sampling shall be as required by purchaser. 4.4



Test Methods



4.4.1



Moderate Temperature Corrosion



The corrosive properties of the materials under test shall be evaluated on bare 7075-T6 aluminum alloy (AMS4045), AZ31B magnesium alloy (AMS4377), and 4130 steel (AMS6350). 4.4.1.1



Specimen Preparation



The test specimens for 4.4.1.2 shall be prepared by polishing at least two sides of each specimen with #325 grit abrasive paper until all signs of corrosion and pitting are removed. The specimens are individually rinsed with acetone. Rub both polished sides on a clean acetone-soaked towel until the towel no longer shows discoloration, and allow specimens to air dry. 4.4.1.2



Test Procedure



Samples of inspection fluid penetrants are placed in covered vials or bottles large enough to accept the test specimens. Place the specimens in the test fluids. The samples should not cover more than three-fourths of the specimen. The vials are covered and placed in an oven at 122 °F ± 4 (50 °C ± 2) for 3 hours. At the end of the exposure period, the specimens are removed, washed with deionized water or a suitable solvent for Methods B and D penetrants, and examined, both visually and under 10X magnification for evidence of oxidation, pitting, etching, or corrosion. Tarnishing or discoloration that does not result in pitting, etching, or another form of metal removal is not cause for rejection. 4.4.2



High Temperature Titanium Stress Corrosion



Test in accordance with ASTM G 41 as adapted herein. The test specimen shall be Ti 8Al-1Mo-1V, duplex annealed (AMS4916). 4.4.2.1



Specimen Preparation



The test specimens shall be as shown in Figure 1A with the longitudinal grain direction parallel to the length dimension. The surfaces of the panels shall be prepared to a surface finish of 20 RHR. Brake form panels over a 0.28-inch (7.1-mm) radius mandrel to produce an unrestrained angle of 65 degrees ± 5 (See Figure 1B).



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SAE INTERNATIONAL 4.4.2.2



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Page 11 of 28



Test Procedure



Four test specimens shall be used with each sample to be tested. Prior to stressing, the specimens shall be cleaned by solvent wipe or soak, and lightly etched in 40% nitric acid (HNO3), 3.5% hydrofluoric acid (HF) solution. After etching, panels shall be rinsed to ensure acid removal and dried. Stress the specimens with a 0.25 inch (6.4 mm) bolt as shown in Figure 1C. One specimen shall remain uncoated, one specimen shall be coated with a 3.5% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution and the remaining specimens shall be coated with the test sample. Coating shall be performed by immersing the stressed panels in the sample with the open end up. Drain the stressed panels overnight. Place the stressed specimens in an oven at 1000 °F ± 10 (538 °C ± 6) for 4.5 hours ± 0.9. 4.4.2.3



Interpretation



The specimens shall be viewed for cracks while stressed. When the panel, coated with the NaCl solution does not show cracks, remove the bolt, and clean the coated surface by soaking in a 50% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution at 280 °F ± 10 (138 °C ± 6) for 30 minutes followed by a water rinse. Etch in a 40% HN03-3.5% HF solution for 3 to 4 minutes. Examine the etched surface under 10X magnification. If no pitting or cracks can be observed on the remaining specimens while they are still in the holders, they shall also be cleaned, etched, and examined as above. If the NaCl coated specimen has no pitting or cracks or the uncoated specimen has cracks, the test is invalid and must be repeated. Test specimens cannot be reused. If the test is determined to be valid, the specimen coated with the test sample shall show no evidence of cracks. 4.4.3 4.4.3.1



High Temperature Corrosion of Cast Nickel Alloys Specimen Preparation



The test specimens shall be IN 713C (AMS5391) cut to approximately 1 inch (25 mm) x 0.5 inch (13 mm) x 0.1 inch thick (2.5 mm). The surfaces shall be sanded with #600 grit abrasive paper to produce a smooth and uniform finish. 4.4.3.2



Test Procedure



Four test specimens shall be used with the sample to be tested. Immerse or coat two test specimens with the material being tested. Place the two coated and two uncoated specimens in an oven maintained at 1850 °F ± 50 (1010 °C ± 28) for 100 hours ± 4. Remove the test specimens from the oven and allow them to cool to room temperature. Section, mount, and polish the specimens. 4.4.3.3



Interpretation



Examine the cross section of each specimen under 200X magnification for evidence of corrosion or oxidation. Coated specimens shall show no more corrosion, oxidation, intergranular, or preferential attack than uncoated specimens. 4.4.4



Temperature Stability



Shall be determined by subjecting not less than 0.26 gallon (1 liter) of each liquid material in a closed glass bottle to two complete temperature cycles as specified in 4.4.4.1 and 4.4.4.2. The sample shall not be stirred or otherwise mixed through this procedure. Each cycle shall consist of the following: 4.4.4.1



Cool to 0 °F (-18 °C), maintain at temperature for 7 hours, warm to room temperature, and examine for compliance to 3.3.6.



4.4.4.2



Heat to 150 °F (66 °C), maintain at temperature for 7 hours, cool to room temperature, and examine for compliance to 3.3.6.



4.4.5



System Sensitivity



Sensitivity of Type 1 and Type 2 penetrant systems shall be determined by comparing the results of processing a set of crack specimens with candidate systems with the results of processing the same crack specimens with the appropriate reference systems. Reference systems for each level of sensitivity shall be established by the qualifying agency.



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SAE INTERNATIONAL 4.4.5.1



AMS2644F



Page 12 of 28



Type 1 Penetrant Systems



4.4.5.1.1



Crack Specimens



The crack specimens shall have a sufficient number of cracks with varying size to provide a good baseline for comparison. A minimum of five cracks shall be used. The cracks shall produce indications with at least a five to one brightness ratio from the smallest to the largest when tested with a Level 4 sensitivity reference penetrant system. At least 20% of the cracks shall not be detectable with the Level 1/2 reference system when examined with a brightness measurement system adjusted for examination of crack indications produced by the Level 4 reference system. 4.4.5.1.2



Processing Parameters



Using the following process parameters, process the test crack specimen(s) with the appropriate reference system and developer (Table 2) and then with the candidate system and appropriate developer (Table 2). Penetrant Dwell: Dip clean and dry specimens and place them in a fixture ready for the next applicable processing step. Specimens processed individually shall be dipped in rapid sequence. Specimens shall always be processed in the same order. Allow all specimens to drain until the last specimen dipped has drained for 5 minutes ± 10 seconds. Prewash:



Method D: Spray specimens for 60 seconds ± 5 with water at 25 psi ± 2.5 (172 kPa ± 17) and 70 °F ± 5 (21 °C ± 3) using the wash apparatus of 4.4.11.1.2. The water temperatures used for processing both the candidate and reference penetrant systems shall be the same ±5 °F (±3 °C).



Emulsification:



Method B: Dip specimens and then drain for 2 minutes ± 3 seconds.



Method D:



Immerse specimens for 5 minutes ± 5 seconds with no agitation. (For candidate systems follow the manufacturer’s instructions for mixing/diluting the emulsifier.)



Wash:



Methods A, B, & D: Spray specimens with water at 25 psi ± 2.5 (172 kPa ± 17) and 70 °F ± 5 (21 °C ± 3) using the wash apparatus of 4.4.11.1.2. The water temperatures used for processing the candidate and reference penetrant systems shall be the same ±5 °F (±3 °C). After spraying, perform a single wipe of each panel surface with a clean, soft, dry, lint free paper towel or cloth to remove dripping water and prevent water spots.



Method A:



Spray specimens for 1 minute ± 5 seconds.



Methods B & D:



Spray specimens for 2 minutes ± 5 seconds.



Solvent Wipe:



Method C: Wipe specimens with a clean, dry, lint-free rag to remove the excess surface penetrant. Moisten a clean, dry, lint-free rag with solvent. Under ultraviolet radiation (UV-A) wipe specimens with the solvent dampened, clean, lint-free rag until the fluorescent background is minimized. Wipe specimens again with a dry, clean, lint-free rag until solvent is removed.



Dry:



Methods A, B and D: Place specimens in a recirculating oven for 5 minutes ± 10 seconds at 135 °F ± 5 (57 °C ± 3).



Method C:



Dry specimens at room temperature for 5 minutes ± 10 seconds.



Developer:



With the cracked face of the specimen facing up, dip each specimen sequentially into reference developer D-1, mildly agitate specimen for approximately 3 seconds, remove the specimen from developer and tip specimen to let powder slowly slide off. Allow the developer on the specimens to dwell until the last specimen developed has dwelled 5 minutes ± 10 seconds before measuring the brightness of the indications.



The processing parameters are summarized in Table 4.



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SAE INTERNATIONAL 4.4.5.1.3



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Page 13 of 28



Measurement System



The brightness of the crack indications shall be measured with an electro-optical device that has the necessary filtering to produce a photopic response to the visible spectrum with negligible response to ultraviolet radiation. Measurements shall be made at a fixed distance. The near-ultraviolet radiation intensity at the surfaces of the specimens shall be the same (within ±5 percent) for both the candidate and the reference materials. 4.4.5.1.4



System Variability



On repeated tests, the sum of the standard deviations for the indication brightness measurements on each crack in the test set shall not exceed 20% of the sum of the means of the indication brightness measurements for the cracks used. 4.4.5.1.5



Data Analysis



The brightness of each crack indication shall be measured for both the reference and the candidate materials. The indication brightness values shall be plotted for each crack. The brightness values for the reference materials shall be the average of at least three runs. This rating shall be used in each of the subsequent tests. If the crack specimens are etched or modified in any way the reference brightness values shall be reestablished. The relative position of the curves established for the reference and the candidate material shall be the basis for acceptance or rejection of the candidates based on sensitivity. 4.4.5.1.6



Acceptance Criteria



Indication brightness data from the candidate material shall be compared to the lower standard deviation curve for corresponding data from the appropriate reference material (Table 2). The lower standard deviation curve shall be generated from a minimum of three runs of the appropriate reference. The candidate material shall be acceptable when 80% of the points that generate its curve lie above the lower standard deviation curve of the appropriate reference material. The tests shall be valid only if the data for the current run with the referenced material falls within the standard deviation established from previous runs, or if the three runs to establish the lower standard deviation are current. Reference material shall be tested periodically to check validity of tests. 4.4.5.1.7



Specimen Cleaning



The crack specimens shall be cleaned to remove the penetrant materials from all surfaces and from the cracks. 4.4.5.2 4.4.5.2.1



Type 2 Penetrant Systems Crack Specimens



These specimens are commercially available as cracked aluminum blocks, or they may be produced by a user as follows. Aluminum panels, approximately 3 x 2 inches (76 x 51 mm), shall be cut from 5/16 inch (7.9 mm) thick 2024 aluminum alloy conforming to AMS4035 in the T3 condition. The 3-inch (76-mm) dimension shall be parallel with the direction of rolling of the sheet. The panels shall be heated nonuniformly and water quenched to produce thermal cracks. This shall be accomplished by supporting the panel in a frame and impinging the flame of a gas burner or torch in the center on the lower side of the panel without movement in any direction. A 950 to 980 °F (510 to 527 °C) temperature indicator, or equivalent, shall be applied to an area the size of a penny on the top side and directly in the center of the panel. The heat of the burner shall be adjusted so that the panel is heated slowly (approximately 4 minutes) until the temperature indicator melts after which the panel shall be immediately quenched in cold tap water. A groove approximately 1/16 x 1/16 inch (1.6 x 1.6 mm) shall be cut in the 2-inch (51-mm) direction across the center of the heat-affected zone on both sides of the panel, to form two similar specimens and to eliminate cross contamination. It is permissible to cut the panel in half after engraving a serial number on each half with a suffix A and B. Before using, the panels shall be cleaned by a vigorous scrubbing with bristle brush and liquid solvent. These panels may be re-used if a combination of cleaning and re-cracking produces uncontaminated cracks.



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SAE INTERNATIONAL 4.4.5.2.2



AMS2644F



Page 14 of 28



Processing Parameters



The candidate penetrant system shall be applied to the surface bounded by the edges and the 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) groove. The reference penetrant system (See Table 2) shall be applied to the remaining half of the panel's surface. The specimens shall be processed according to Table 5. Three such panels shall be processed. Indications produced by the candidate penetrant system shall be compared to indications produced by the reference penetrant system for conformance to 3.3.7. 4.4.6



Fluorescent Brightness (Type 1)



Fluorescent brightness of the candidate and reference penetrants shall be compared in accordance with ASTM E 1135. 4.4.7



Ultraviolet Stability



Shall be determined in accordance with ASTM E 1135 with the following modifications: 4.4.7.1



Test Specimen



Ten paper specimens shall be prepared using the test penetrant sample. No reference penetrant specimens are necessary. 4.4.7.2



Exposure Equipment



The minimum near ultraviolet radiation (UV-A) shall be measured with a digital ultraviolet radiometer with a spectral sensitivity from 320 to 400 nm having a back-lit or fluorescent display for good visibility. Suppliers/manufacturers shall provide a correction factor for the type of meter supplied. The correction factor shall be used to obtain the true value of output. The ultraviolet source shall be capable of providing uniform near ultraviolet radiation intensity of at least 2 800 µW/cm over the paper specimens. 4.4.7.3



Test Procedure



Suspend the ultraviolet source from a stand so that the distance between the source and the bench is approximately 12 inches (305 mm). Turn on the source. After 5 minutes warm up, measure the intensity with the meter. Adjust the source distance so that the measured intensity at the specimen location is 800 microwatts/square centimeter ± 50. Place five of the prepared specimens in a straight line under the center of the source and expose for 60 minutes. Place the other five specimens in a protected dark area such as a drawer during the exposure period. At the end of the exposure period, the fluorescence of the specimens is measured according to ASTM E 1135, alternating between exposed and unexposed specimens to minimize the effect of instrument drift. Care must be taken to note and measure only the exposed side of the exposed specimens. Finally, calculate the percentage of the original fluorescence remaining by dividing the average reading of the exposed specimens by the average reading of the unexposed specimens and multiplying by 100 to determine conformance to 3.3.8.3.3. 4.4.8



Thermal Stability of Penetrant Fluorescence (Type 1)



The thermal stability test for penetrants shall follow the fluorescent brightness test, measured according to ASTM E 1135, using the same type of specimens and same equipment. Dip ten filter paper specimens into the solution prepared for the test penetrant. After the samples have dried for 5 minutes, hang a fixture with five samples in a location protected from strong light, heat, and air current. If the ultraviolet stability test is run concurrently, the same five unexposed specimens can serve for both tests. The other five specimens shall be placed on a clean metal plate and held in a dead air oven set at 240 °F ± 5 °F (116 °C ± 3 °C) for 1 hour. After the exposure time has elapsed, alternately measure the brightness of the exposed and unexposed specimens. For the exposed specimens, the brightness shall be measured on the side opposite the metal plate. The average of the exposed specimens shall be compared to the average of the unexposed specimens to determine conformance to 3.3.8.3.4.



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SAE INTERNATIONAL 4.4.9



AMS2644F



Page 15 of 28



Tank Life (Penetrants and Method B Emulsifiers)



Place a 50 mL sample in an uncovered 5.9 inch (150 mm) nominal diameter glass petri dish which, in turn, is placed in a convection oven and maintained at 122 °F ± 5 (50 °C ± 3) for 7 hours. At the end of the period, the material is removed from the oven, allowed to cool to room temperature, and examined for separation of constituents or formation of a scum (See 3.3.8.4). Water based penetrants shall be mixed to working concentrations with deionized water before testing. 4.4.10 Water Tolerance This test is conducted, for Method A penetrants only, at 70 °F ± 5 (21 °C ± 3). Place 20 mL ± 0.5 of the sample in a 50 mL beaker containing a magnetic stirring bar 5/16 inch (7.9 mm) in diameter and 1 inch (25 mm) long. The beaker is placed on a magnetic stirrer and the stirring speed adjusted to provide rapid mixing without entrapping air bubbles (about 60 rpm). Tap water is added dropwise from a 10 mL burette until the end point is reached. The end point is established when the sample turns and remains cloudy or thickens as noted by a more than temporary slowing of the stirring bar. Some products may not show an end point because of their detergent composition. Water tolerance is then calculated by Equation 1:



Water tolerance (in percent) = [B/ ( 20+B )] x100



(Eq. 1)



Where: B = burette reading in milliliters Acceptance criteria shall be as specified in 3.3.8.5. 4.4.11 Penetrant Removability 4.4.11.1 Equipment 4.4.11.1.1 Test Specimens Test specimens shall be approximately 1.5 long by 2 inches wide (38 by 51 mm) and produced in sets of eight from a single sheet of 16 gauge 301 or 302 stainless steel, measuring 4 x 6 inches (102 x 152 mm) (See Figure 3). The sheet shall be degreased and, prior to grit blasting, a 1-inch (25-mm) wide strip of suitable masking tape shall be placed to run lengthwise down the center of one side of the sheet. The front side of the stainless steel sheet with the strip of masking tape is blasted with 80 mesh aluminum oxide grit using 60 psi (414 kPa) air pressure and with the gun held normal to the surface and approximately 18 inches (457 mm) from the work. After blasting, the surfaces must be free of scratches and blemishes. Remove the strip of masking tape leaving an unblasted 1-inch (25-mm) strip running lengthwise down the center of one side of the sheet. Using an appropriate marking device, inscribe each specimen with a unique number or other unique designation (See Figure 3). Shear the sheet into eight specimens. Specimens should be handled by their edges and should be wrapped in paper until needed for use. Process the eight specimens with the reference materials FP4PE, FE-B and D-1 using the appropriate parameters in 4.4.11.2. Measure the fluorescent background in accordance with 4.4.11.4. (If only Type 2 penetrant systems will be tested, process the eight specimens with the reference materials VP-W and D-2 using the appropriate parameters in 4.4.11.2 and visually compare the backgrounds.) Sort the eight specimens into two sets of four identical as possible based on the background measurements or visual comparisons as appropriate. Engrave each set with a serial number and a suffix A through D on the non-grit blasted surface. One set will be used in the tests described in 4.4.11.2. If more than one 4- by 6-inch sheet is processed at the same time, approximately identical sets of specimens may be selected from the aggregate number of specimens. 4.4.11.1.2 Washing Apparatus The washing apparatus shall be as shown in Figure 2. The spray nozzles shall be Type TG10, or equivalent [rated at 1 gallon per minute at 10 psi (3.8 L per minute at 69 kPa)].



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SAE INTERNATIONAL



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Page 16 of 28



4.4.11.2 Processing Parameters Using the following process parameters and the set of four specimens from 4.4.11.1.1, process specimens using A and C with the appropriate reference standard and developer (Table 3) and specimens B and D with the candidate system and the appropriate developer (Table 3). After evaluation in accordance with 4.4.11.3, and properly cleaning the specimens, the process shall be repeated using B and D with the appropriate reference system and developer (Table 3) and specimens A and C with the candidate system and the appropriate developer (Table 3). Processing will be completed two times such that all four specimens have been processd with both the reference system and candidate systems twice. Penetrant Dwell: Dip clean and dry test specimens to within approximately 1/2 inch of their respective top edges and place them in a fixture ready for the next applicable processing step. Specimens processed individually shall be dipped in rapid sequence. Allow all specimens to drain until the last specimen has drained for 5 minutes ± 10 seconds. Prewash:



Method D: Spray specimens for 15 seconds ± 2 with water at 25 psi ± 2.5 (172 kPa ± 17) and 70 °F ± 5 (21 °C ± 3) using the wash apparatus of 4.4.11.1.2. The water temperatures used for processing the candidate and reference penetrant systems shall be the same ±5 °F (± 3 °C).



Emulsification:



Method B: Dip specimens and then drain for 60 seconds ± 2.



Method D:



Immerse specimens in a 20% solution for 2 minutes ± 5 seconds with no agitation. (For candidate systems follow the manufacturer’s instructions for mixing/diluting the emulsifier.)



Wash:



Methods A, B, & D: Spray specimens for 30 seconds ± 3 with water at 25 psi ± 2.5 (172 kPa ± 17) and 70 °F ± 5 (21 °C ± 3) using the wash apparatus of 4.4.11.1.2. The water temperatures used for processing both the candidate and reference penetrant systems shall be the same ±5 °F (±3 °C). Holding specimens vertical, give two quick downward shakes to remove excess water and prevent water spots.



Solvent Wipe:



Method C: Wipe specimen with a clean, dry, lint-free rag to remove the excess surface penetrant. Moisten a clean, dry, lint-free rag with solvent. Under ultraviolet radiation (UV-A) wipe each specimen with the solvent dampened, clean, lint- free rag until the fluorescent background is minimized. Wipe each specimen again with a dry, clean, lint-free rag until solvent is removed.



Dry:



Methods A, B, and D: Place specimens in a recirculating oven for 90 seconds ± 5 at 135 °F ± 5 (57 °C ± 3).



Method C:



Dry specimens at room temperature for 5 minutes ± 10 seconds.



Developer:



Apply the appropriate developer (See Table 3) and allow the developer on all specimens to dwell until the last specimen developed has dwelled 5 minutes ± 10 seconds:



Type 1 Penetrant Systems: Dip each specimen sequentially into reference developer D-1 with a scooping action, mildly agitate specimen for approximately 3 seconds, remove the specimen from developer, and tip specimen to let powder slowly slide off. Type 2 Penetrant Systems: Spray a uniform white coating of D-2 onto the specimen. The processing parameters are summarized in Table 4 (Type 1 systems) and Table 5 (Type 2 systems). 4.4.11.3 Evaluation of Data Under ultraviolet radiation or white light, as applicable, compare the specimen processed with the penetrant system being tested with a matching specimen processed with the appropriate reference penetrant system to determine conformance with 3.3.8.6.



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SAE INTERNATIONAL



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Page 17 of 28



4.4.11.3.1 Qualification Testing For Type 1 systems compare measurements of fluorescent backgrounds made in accordance with 4.4.11.4. For Type 2 systems visually compare the backgrounds. Compare candidate systems to the appropriate reference penetrant system from Table 1. 4.4.11.3.2 Acceptance Testing Visually compare the backgrounds. Compare new batches with a retained sample of an acceptable batch of the same penetrant system or the appropriate reference penetrant system from Table 1. 4.4.11.4 Fluorescent Background Measurement Panels shall be evaluated with an electro-optical device that has the necessary filtering to produce a photopic response to the visible spectrum with negligible response to ultraviolet radiation. The optical device shall have sufficient sensitivity to measure the brightness of the fluorescent background from FP-1/2 (See Table 1). The near ultraviolet radiation intensity at the surfaces of the specimens shall be the same (within ±5 percent) for both the candidate system and the reference system. Measurements will be made on three separate areas on the panel and shall be made at a fixed distance. The minimum size for each area measured shall be a 0.25 inch (6.4-mm) diameter circle. The three measurements shall be summed and the total compared to the upper standard deviation of the sum of the measurements of the appropriate reference standard. 4.4.11.5 Specimen Cleaning The test specimens shall be cleaned to remove the penetrant materials from all surfaces. 4.4.12 Developer Removability The apparatus used to perform this test shall be in accordance with 4.4.11.1.2. The test panels shall be prepared in accordance with 4.4.11.1.1. The panels shall be rinsed with methylene chloride, or equivalent solvent, and dried immediately before using. 4.4.12.1 Application Form a candidate & D-1 reference: Dip each specimen into the developer with a scooping action, mildly agitating the specimen for approximately 3 seconds, remove the specimen from the developer, and tip the specimen to let the powder slowly slide off. Allow developer to dwell for 5 minutes ± 10 seconds. Forms b & c candidate: Dip a specimen into the candidate developer. Place the specimen in a recirculating oven at 135 °F ± 5 (57 °C ± 3) for 5 minutes ± 10 seconds. Allow developer to dwell for an additional 5 minutes ± 10 seconds. Form d candidate: Spray a smooth even coating of the candidate developer onto a test specimen. Allow developer to dwell for 5 minutes ± 10 seconds. 4.4.12.2 Wash Spray specimens for 60 seconds ± 3 with water at 25 psi ± 2.5 (172 kPa ± 17) and 70 °F ± 5 (21 °C ± 3) using the wash apparatus of 4.4.11.1.2. 4.4.12.3 Dry Air dry the specimens. 4.4.12.4 Evaluation Examine specimens under oblique white or natural ambient light to determine conformance to 3.3.10.4.



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SAE INTERNATIONAL



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Page 18 of 28



4.4.13 Developer Redispersibility 4.4.13.1 Preparation Suspendible aqueous developers shall be mixed with water as specified by manufacturer and allowed to stand for the length of time specified by manufacturer before the test begins. All samples shall be thoroughly mixed so that all solids are in suspension at the time the test is begun. 4.4.13.2 Test Procedure The sample shall be gently stirred after 24 hours and visually examined for resuspension and examined for compliance to 3.3.10.5. 4.4.14 Developer Performance 4.4.14.1 Developers Intended for Use with Type 1 Penetrant 4.4.14.1.1 Use clean and dry crack specimens, prepared in accordance with 4.4.5.1.1. Process the specimens with FP4PE/FE-B, using the process parameters for Method B in 4.4.5.1.2 or Table 3. Simultaneously process all test specimens, except that specimens may be processed individually for penetrant application, solvent wipe and developer application. If specimens are processed individually, they shall always be processed in the same sequence, which shall be established for all tests for each set of specimens at a facility. 4.4.14.1.2 Apply the candidate developer as follows: Form a:



Dip each specimen in sequence, with the cracked surface facing up, into the developer with a scooping action, mildly agitate the specimen in the developer for approximately 3 seconds, remove the specimen from the developer, and tip specimen to let the powder slowly slide off. Allow developer on the last specimen developed to dwell for 5 minutes ± 10 seconds.



Forms b & c:



Mix in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions to the maximum concentration recommended. Dip specimens sequentially into the developer. Place specimens in a recirculating oven at 135 °F ± 5 (57 °C ± 3) for 5 minutes ± 10 seconds.



Form d:



Sequentially spray a smooth even coating of the developer on each specimen. Allow developer on the first specimen developed to dwell for 5 minutes ± 10 seconds.



4.4.14.1.3 Measure the brightness of the crack indications for the candidate developer and compare to the corresponding data produced with the appropriate reference materials (Table 2) for conformance to 3.3.10.6. Make the measurements and the comparisons in accordance with 4.4.5.1.3 through 4.4.5.1.6. 4.4.14.1.4 Evaluate developers for conformance to 3.3.10.3 as appropriate. 4.4.14.1.5 Specimen Cleaning The crack specimens shall be cleaned to remove the penetrant materials from all surfaces and from the cracks. 4.4.14.2 Developers Intended for Use with Type 2 Penetrant 4.4.14.2.1 Use a clean and dry crack specimen, prepared in accordance with 4.4.5.2.1. Process both halves of the surface with the groove with VP-PE/VE-B reference penetrant system. Use the process parameters for Method B listed in Table 5.



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SAE INTERNATIONAL



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Page 19 of 28



4.4.14.2.2 Apply the developers, a candidate on one half of the grooved surface and the reference on the other half: Form c candidate:



Mix in accordance with manufacturer's instructions to the maximum recommended concentration. Apply by dipping the specimen so that the developer covers the surface on one side of the groove.



Form e candidate: Spray an even coat on the surface on one side of the groove. D-2 reference:



After the candidate developer is dry, shield that side of the specimen and spray an even coat on the surface on the other side of the groove.



4.4.14.2.3 Visually compare indications produced with the candidate developer to indications produced with the reference developer for conformance to 3.3.10.6. 4.4.14.2.4 Evaluate developers for conformance to 3.3.10.3 as appropriate. 4.4.15 Developer Bioresistance The aqueous soluble and aqueous suspendible developers shall be prepared for use in accordance with manufacturer's instructions and allowed to stand at least 4 hours before testing begins. Test the developers in accordance with the procedures of ASTM E 2275 with the following changes: 4.4.15.1 Do not add metal chips to the developer and do not make pH measurements. 4.4.15.2 Use Petrifilm Aerobic Count Plates (available from Medical Products Division, 3M Company, St. Paul, MN, 55144, 800-228-3957), or equivalent. 4.4.15.3 Use soybean casein digest broth to prepare the inoculums for challenging the fluids under test. 4.4.15.4 Sterilize the water required for serial dilutions by boiling for at least 10 minutes. Sterilize all containers by washing in hot water and detergent. 4.4.15.5 Make a plate count of the sterilized water. Make two plate counts of each developer sample at two different -4 -6 dilutions (1 to 10 and 1 to 10 ). 4.4.16 Solvent Remover Performance Solvent removers shall be processed with the FP-4PE and D-1 reference materials in accordance with 4.4.5.1 using the process parameters for Method C. Indication brightness data shall be compared to the corresponding data from the appropriate reference materials (Table 2) for conformance to 3.3.11.3. 4.5



Reports



The vendor of the product shall furnish with each shipment a certificate of conformance that the product meets all technical requirements. The certificate shall include, as a minimum, AMS2644F, manufacturer’s material designation, and batch number. 4.5.1



4.6



A material safety data sheet conforming to 29CFR 1910.1200, ANSI Z400.1, or equivalent, shall be supplied to each purchaser prior to, or concurrent with, the report of production test results or, if preproduction testing be waived by purchaser, concurrent with the first shipment of the product for production use. Each request for modification of product formulation shall be accompanied by a revised data sheet for the proposed formulation. Resampling and Retesting



Failure of the sample of a batch of material to meet any specified tests shall be cause for rejection of the batch represented. Before resubmitting a sample of the batch, the contractor shall fully explain to the buyer both the corrections made and the cause of previous rejections.



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SAE INTERNATIONAL



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5. PREPARATION FOR DELIVERY 5.1



Identification



Each package shall be permanently and legibly marked with not less than the following information: 5.1.1



Each container shall be identified with a durable label that is legible on receipt with not less than the following information or as specified by contract:



PRODUCT DESIGNATION BATCH NUMBER* __________________________________________________________________________________ QUANTITY ________________________________________________________________________________________ MANUFACTURER'S INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE** ________________________________________________________ APPROPRIATE WARNINGS OR PRECAUTIONARY NOTICES ______________________________________________ PURCHASE ORDER NUMBER: ON OUTSIDE CONTAINER ONLY ___________________________________________ * Date of Manufacture is coded in the batch number. **May be on a separate sheet. 5.1.2



5.2



Individual packages or containers shall be packed in an exterior shipping container capable of protecting the product, during shipment and storage, against damage from exposure to moisture, weather, or any other normal hazard. Packaging



The product shall be packaged and prepared for shipment in accordance with commercial practice and in compliance with applicable rules and regulations pertaining to the handling, packaging, and transportation of the product to ensure carrier acceptance and safe delivery. 5.3



Marking



Containers of the product shall be prepared and marked in accordance with commercial practice and the Department of Transportation regulations 49 CFR Parts 100 to 177 applicable to the hazard class of the product to ensure safe transportation to the destination. 6. ACKNOWLEDGMENT A vendor shall mention this specification number and its revision letter in all quotations and when acknowledging purchase orders. 7. REJECTIONS Product not conforming to this specification, or to modifications authorized by purchaser, will be subject to rejection. 8. NOTES 8.1



A change bar (|) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in locating areas where technical revisions, not editorial changes, have been made to the previous issue of this document. An (R) symbol to the left of the document title indicates a complete revision of the document, including technical revisions. Change bars and (R) are not used in original publications, nor in documents that contain editorial changes only.



8.2



Terms used in AMS are clarified in ARP1917 and defined as follows:



8.2.1



Refer to ASTM E 1316-91, Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Testing, for definitions of terms related to penetrant inspection and not listed below.



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Qualifying Agency



Until additional qualifying agencies are authorized by AFRL/RXSA, the sole qualifying agent for production penetrant materials by or for Department of Defense shall be AFRL/RXSA. 8.2.3



System



A penetrant/emulsifier combination, furnished by the same manufacturer and qualified together. For Method A (water washable), the system consists of the penetrants only. Any manufacturer’s qualified developer may be used with any manufacturer’s qualified penetrant system, and any manufacturer’s qualified solvent remover may be used with any manufacturer’s qualified penetrant or developer. 8.2.4



Special Application



Denotes removers and developers that are qualified for use only with a specific penetrant. 8.3



Dimensions and properties in inch/pound units and the Fahrenheit temperatures are primary; dimensions and properties in SI units and the Celsius temperatures are shown as the approximate equivalents of the primary units and are presented only for information. TABLE 1 – REFERENCE MATERIAL DESIGNATIONS



Reference Material Penetrant, Type 1, Level 1/2 Penetrant, Type 1, Level 1 Penetrant, Type 1, Level 2 Penetrant, Type 1, Level 3 Penetrant, Type 1, Level 4 Penetrant, Type 2



Designations Method A FP-1/2 FP-1W FP-2W FP-3W FP-4W VP-W



Emulsifier, Type 1, Method B Emulsifier, Type 1, Method D (20% conc.) Emulsifier, Type 2, Method B



Designations Methods B, C, & D FP-1PE FP-2PE FP-3PE FP-4PE VP-PE FE-B FE-D VE-B



Remover, Class (1) Remover, Class (2)



R-1 R-2



R-1 R-2



Developer, Form a Developer, Form e



D-1 D-2



D-1 D-2



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TABLE 2 – SENSITIVITY QUALIFICATION MATRIX Materials for Processing Candidates



Candidate Materials PENETRANT SYSTEMS Type 1 Method A Level 1/2 Type 1 Method A Level 1 Type 1 Method B Level 1 Type 1 Method C Level 1 Type 1 Method D Level 1 Type 1 Method A Level 2 Type 1 Method B Level 2 Type 1 Method C Level 2 Type 1 Method D Level 2 Type 1 Method A Level 3 Type 1 Method B Level 3 Type 1 Method C Level 3 Type 1 Method D Level 3 Type 1 Method A Level 4 Type 1 Method B Level 4 Type 1 Method C Level 4 Type 1 Method D Level 4 Type 2 Method A Type 2 Method B Type 2 Method C Type 2 Method D REMOVERS Class 1 Class 2



FP-4PE FP-4PE



DEVELOPERS Form a Form b Form c Form d Form e



FP-4PE FP-4PE FP-4PE FP-4PE VP-PE



FE-B FE-B FE-B FE-B VE-B



Reference Materials (See Note)



D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-2 D-2 D-2 D-2



FP-1/2



FP-4PE FP-4PE FP-4PE FP-4PE VP-PE VP-PE VP-PE VP-PE



FE-B FE-B R-1 FE-B FE-B FE-B R-1 FE-B FE-B FE-B R-1 FE-B FE-B FE-B R-1 FE-B VE-B VE-B R-1 VE-B



D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-2 D-2 D-2 D-2



D-1 D-1



FP-4 FP-4



R-1 R-2



D-1 D-1



FP-4PE FP-4PE FP-4PE FP-4PE VP-PE



FE-B FE-B FE-B FE-B VE-B



D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-2



(1) (1) (1) (1)



FP-2PE FP-2PE FP-2PE FP-2PE (1) (1) (1) (1)



Notes: (1)For Method A, Method B, and Method D candidate penetrant systems FP-1/2, FP-2PE/FE-B and FP-4PE/FE-B reference systems shall be used to establish the threshold values of fluorescent brightness. Level 1 threshold values shall be determined by calculating the average of the threshold values of the Level 1/2 and Level 2 reference systems. Level 3 threshold values shall be determined by calculating the average of the threshold values of the Level 2 and Level 4 reference systems.



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TABLE 3 - REMOVABILITY QUALIFICATION MATRIX Candidate Materials



Materials for Processing Candidates



PENETRANT SYSTEMS Type 1 Method A Level 1/2 Type 1 Method A Level 1 Type 1 Method B Level 1 Type 1 Method C Level 1 Type 1 Method D Level 1 Type 1 Method A Level 2 Type 1 Method B Level 2 Type 1 Method C Level 2 Type 1 Method D Level 2 Type 1 Method A Level 3 Type 1 Method B Level 3 Type 1 Method C Level 3 Type 1 Method D Level 3 Type 1 Method A Level 4 Type 1 Method B Level 4 Type 1 Method C Level 4 Type 1 Method D Level 4 Type 2 Method A Type 2 Method B Type 2 Method C Type 2 Method D REMOVERS Class 1 Class 2



FP-4PE FP-4PE



DEVELOPERS Form a Form b Form c Form d Form e



FP-4PE FP-4PE FP-4PE FP-4PE VP-PE



FE-B FE-B FE-B FE-B VE-B



Reference Materials



D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-2 D-2 D-2 D-2



FP-1/2 FP-1W



FP-4PE FP-4PE FP-4PE VP-W VP-PE VP-PE VP-PE



FE-B R-1 FE-D VE-B R-1 VE-B



D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-2 D-2 D-2 D-2



D-1 D-1



FP-4 FP-4



R-1 R-2



D-1 D-1



FP-4PE FP-4PE FP-4PE FP-4PE VP-PE



FE-B FE-B FE-B FE-B VE-B



D-1 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-2



(1) (1) (1) (1)



FP-2PE FP-2PE FP-2PE FP-3W (1) (1) (1) (1)



FE-B R-1 FE-D FE-B R-1 FE-D FE-B R-1 FE-D



Notes: (1)For Method A, Method B, and Method D candidate penetrant systems FP-1/2, FP-2PE/FE-B and FP-4PE/FE-B reference systems shall be used to establish the threshold values of fluorescent background. Level 1 threshold values shall be determined by calculating the average of the threshold values of the Level 1/2 and Level 2 reference systems. Level 3 threshold values shall be determined by calculating the average of the threshold values of the Level 2 and Level 4 reference systems.



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TABLE 4 - PROCESSING PARAMETERS FOR TYPE 1 MATERIALS Sensitivity Penetrant Dwell All methods: 1 Prewash Method D: Emulsification Method B 2 Method D 1



Wash Method A: Method B: Method D: Solvent Wipe Method C Dry Methods A, B, D



Method C Developer All methods



Removability



Dip and drain 5 minutes ± 10 seconds



Dip and drain 10 minutes ± 10 seconds



Spray 60 seconds ± 5



Spray 15 seconds



Dip and drain 2 minutes ± 3 seconds Immerse unagitated 5 minutes ± 5 seconds



Dip and drain 60 seconds ± 2 Immerse unagitated 2 minutes ± 5 seconds



Spray 1 minute ± 5 seconds Spray 2 minutes ± 5 seconds Spray 2 minutes ± 5 seconds



Spray 30 seconds ± 3 seconds Spray 30 seconds ± 3 seconds Spray 30 seconds ± 3 seconds



Wipe with clean rags as follows: 1) dry, 2) solvent dampened, 3) dry



Wipe with clean rag as follows: 1) dry, 2) solvent dampened, 3) dry



5 minutes ± 10 seconds in 3 recirculating oven (Follows developer when testing Forms b or c)



90 seconds ± 5 seconds in 3 recirculating oven



5 minutes ± 10 seconds at room temperature



5 minutes ± 10 seconds at room temperature



Dip in Forms a, b, c Spray Form d Dwell 5 minutes ± 10 seconds



Dip in D-1 Dwell 5 minutes ± 10 seconds



1



Water: 25 psig ± 2.5 (172 kPa ± 17), 70 °F ± 5 (21 °C ± 3). Emulsifiers concentration: Reference material (Table 1) - 20% Candidates or retained acceptable batches - manufacturer’s instructions 3 Oven: 135 °F ± 5 (57 °C ± 3). 2



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TABLE 5 - PROCESSING PARAMETERS FOR TYPE 2 MATERIALS



Penetrant Dwell All methods: 1 Prewash Method D: Emulsification Method B 2 Method D 1 Wash Method A: Method B: Method D: Solvent Wipe Method C Dry Methods A, B, D



Method C Developer All methods



Sensitivity



Removability



Dip and drain 5 minutes ± 10 seconds



Dip and drain 10 minutes ± 10 seconds



Spray 30 seconds ± 5



Spray 15 seconds ± 2



Dip and drain 30 seconds ± 3 Immerse unagitated 90 seconds ± 3



Dip and drain 60 seconds ± 2 Immerse unagitated 2 minutes ± 5 seconds



Spray as required to remove excess surface penetrant



Spray 30 seconds ± 3



Wipe with clean rags as required: 1) dry, 2) solvent dampened, 3) dry



Wipe with clean rag as required: 1) dry, 2) solvent dampened, 3) dry



5 minutes ± 10 seconds in 3 recirculating oven (Follows developer when testing Form c)



90 seconds ± 5 in recirculating oven



3



5 minutes ± 10 seconds at room temperature



5 minutes ± 10 minutes at room temperature Dip in Form c Spray on a uniform coat of Form e Dwell 5 minutes ± 10 seconds



Spray on a uniform coat of D-2 Dwell 5 minutes ± 10 seconds



1



Water: 25 psig ± 2.5 (172 kPa ± 17), 70 °F ± 5 (21 °C ± 3). Emulsifiers concentration: Reference material (Table 1) - 20% Candidates or retained acceptable batches - manufacturer’s instructions 3 Oven: 135 °F ± 5 (57 °C ± 3). 2



PREPARED BY AMS COMMITTEE "K"



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FIGURE 1 - TITANIUM HOT SALT STRESS CORROSION PANEL



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FIGURE 2 - PENETRANT REMOVABILITY TEST APPARATUS



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FIGURE 3 - PENETRANT REMOVABILITY TEST SPECIMENS



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