Astm D2240 - 2005 [PDF]

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Designation: D 2240 – 04



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Standard Test Method for



Rubber Property—Durometer Hardness1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2240; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.



e1 NOTE—Editorial changes were made in April 2005.



D 374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical lation D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing D 785 Test Method for Rockwell Hardness of Plastics Electrical Insulating Materials D 1349 Practice for Rubber—Standard Temperatures Testing D 1415 Test Method for Rubber Property—Internat Hardness D 4483 Practice for Determining Precision for Test Standards in the Rubber and Carbon Black Industrie F 1957 Test Method for Composite Foam Durometer Hardness 2.2 ISO Standard:3



1. Scope 1.1 This test method covers twelve types of rubber hardness measurement devices known as durometers: Types A, B, C, D, DO, E, M, O, OO, OOO, OOO-S, and R. The procedure for determining indentation hardness of substances classified as thermoplastic elastomers, rubber, elastomeric materials, cellularvulcanized materials,(thermoset) gel-like materials, and some plastics is also described. 1.2 This test method is not equivalent to other indentation hardness methods and instrument types, specifically those described in Test Method D 1415. 1.3 This test method is not applicable to the testing of coated fabrics. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Theofvalues givendimensions in parentheses information only. Many the stated in SIare arefor direct conversions from the U. S. Customary System to accommodate the instrumentation, practices, and procedures that existed prior to the Metric Conversion Act of 1975. 1.5 All materials, instruments, or equipment used for the determination of mass, force, or dimension shall have traceability to the National Institute for Standards and Technology, or other internationally recognized organizations parallel in



ISO/IEC 1999and General Requirements for petence17025: of Testing Calibration Laboratories 3. Summary of Test Method 3.1 This test method permits hardness measurements on either initial indentation or indentation after period of time, or both. Durometers with maximum indicators used to determine maximum hardness material may yield lower hardness when the maximum



nature. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.



cator used. 3.2 isThe procedures for Type M, or micro hardness eters, accommodate specimens that are, by their dimensio configuration, ordinarily unable to have their durometer ness determined by the other durometer types described. M durometers are intended for the testing of specimens a thickness or cross-sectional diameter of 1.25 mm or greater, although specimens of lesser dimensions successfully accommodated under the conditions



2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: 2



Section 6, and have a Type M durometer hardness between 20 and 90. Those specimens which have a hardness range other than specified shall use another procedure for determining durometer hardness.



1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D11 on Rubber and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D11.10 on Physical Testing. Current edition approved July 1, 2004. Published July 2004. Originally approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 2240 – 03. 2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.



3 Available from International Organization for Standardization Varembé, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland.



Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428­2959, United States.



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1 Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Not for Resale Reproduction authorized per License Agreement with Kathe Hooper (ASTMIHS Account); Mon Apr 11 15:09:23 EDT 2005



Copyright ASTM International  Reproduced by IHS under license with ASTM  No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS



D 2240 – 04e1



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FIG. 1 (a) Type A and C Indentor



4. Significance and Use 4.1 This test method is based on the penetration of a specific type of indentor when forced into the material under specified conditions. The indentation hardness is inversely related to the penetration and is dependent on the elastic modulus and viscoelastic behavior of the material. The geometry of the indentor and the applied force influence the measurements such that no simple relationship exists between the measurements obtained with one type of durometer and those obtained with another type of durometer or other instruments used for measuring hardness. This test method is an empirical test intended primarily for control purposes. No simple relationship exists between indentation hardness determined by this test method and any fundamental property of the material tested. For specification purposes, it is recommended that Test Method D 785 be used for materials other than those described in 1.1.



5.1.1.3 Presser Foot—flat circular designs designate Type xR, where x is the standard durometer designation indicates the flat circular press foot described example, Type aR, dR, and the like. The presser foot, centrally located orifice (to allow for the protrusion indentor) of a diameter as specified in Fig. 1 (a through flat circular presser foot shall be 18 6 0.5 mm (0.71 in diameter. These durometer types shall be used operating stand (see 5.1.2). (a) Durometers having a presser foot configuration than that indicated in 5.1.1.3 shall not use the designation, and it is recommended that their presser



5. Apparatus 5.1 Hardness Measuring Apparatus, or Durometer, and an Operating Stand, Type 1, Type 2, or Type 3 (see 5.1.2) consisting of the following components:



configuration and size be stated in the Hardness Measure Report (see 10.2.4). 5.1.1.4 Presser Foot, Type M, with a centrally orifice (to allow for the protrusion of the indentor), diameter as specified in Fig. 1 (d), with the center of 1.60 mm (0.063 in.) from any edge of the flat presser foot. The Type M durometer shall be used operating stand (see 5.1.2.4).



5.1.1 Durometer: 5.1.1.1 Presser Foot, the configuration and the total area of a durometer presser foot may produce varying results when there are significant differences between them. It is recommended that when comparing durometer hardness determinations of the same type (see 4.1), that the comparisons be between durometers of similar presser foot configurations and total area, and that the presser foot configuration and size be noted in the Hardness Measurement Report (see 10.2.4 and



5.1.1.5 Indentor, formed from steel rod and hardened HV10 and shaped in accordance with Fig. 1 (a, b, c, polished over the contact area so that no flaws are visible 203 magnification, with an indentor extension of 2.50 mm (0.098 6 0.002 in.). 5.1.1.6 Indentor, Type OOO-S, formed from steel hardened to 500 HV10, shaped in accordance with polished over the contact area so that no flaws are visible



5.1.1.3). 20 magnification, 3 (0.198 mm in.). an indentor extension of 5.00 6 0.002with 5.1.1.2 Presser Foot, Types A, B, C, D, DO, E, O, OO, 5.1.1.7 Indentor, Type M, formed from steel rod OOO, and OOO-S, with an orifice (to allow for the protrusion ened to 500 HV10 and shaped in accordance with of the indentor) having a diameter as specified in Fig. 1 (a, b, c, d, e, f, and g), with the center a minimum of 6.0 mm (0.24 polished over the contact area so that no flaws are visible in.) from any edge of the foot. When the presser foot is not of 503 magnification, with an indentor extension of 1.25 a flat circular design, the area shall not be less than 500 mm (0.049 6 0.001 in.). 2 mm (19.7 in.2). 百度一下    在手机打开  下载 ASTM D2240_2005 0 下载券 5.1.1.8 Indentor Extension Indicator, analog or digital http://wenku.baidu.com/view/821f3d956bec0975f465e25b.html



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5.1.1.8 Indentor Extension Indicator, analog or digital



NOTEin1—The Type OOO and the Type OOO-S, differ their indentor configuration, spring force,designated and the herein, results obtained. See Table 1 and Fig. 1 (e and g).



tronic, a display indentorhaving extension so that:that is an inverse function



2 Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Not for Resale Reproduction authorized per License Agreement with Kathe Hooper (ASTMIHS Account); Mon Apr 11 15:09:23 EDT 2005



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D 2240 – 04e1



FIG. 1 (b) Type B and D Indentor (continued)



FIG. 1 (c) Type O, DO, and OO Indentor (continued)



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FIG. 1 (d) Type M Indentor (continued) 评价文档：



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分享到： the display shallthroughout indicate from to百度一下 100 at with no less in the caseindicating of  analog dial indicators having a (a)equal (d) the 100 divisions the0 range a rate of than one    在手机打开 360°, points ASTM D2240_2005 0 下载券 下载 0 and 100 may be at the hardness point for each 0.025 mm (0.001 in.) of indentor on the dial and indicate 0, 100, or both.



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hardness point for each 0.025 mm (0.001 in.) of indentor movement, (b) the display for Type OOO-S durometers shall indicate from 0 to 100 with no less than 100 equal divisions throughout the range at a rate of one hardness point for each 0.050 mm (0.002 in.) of indentor movement, (c) the display for Type M durometers shall indicate from 0



on the dial and indicate 0, 100, or both. 5.1.1.9 Timing Device (optional), capable of being desired elapsed time, signaling the operator or holding hardness reading when the desired elapsed time reached. The timer shall be automatically activated presser foot is in contact with the specimen being example, the initial indentor travel has ceased. Digital tronic durometers may be equipped with electronic



to 100 with no less than 100 equal divisions at a rate of one hardness point for each 0.0125 mm (0.0005 in.) of indentor movement, and



Copyright ASTM International  Reproduced by IHS under license with ASTM  No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS



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3 Not for Resale



Reproduction authorized per License Agreement with Kathe Hooper (ASTMIHS Account); Mon Apr 11 15:09:23 EDT 2005



D 2240 – 04e1



FIG. 1 (e) Type OOO Indentor (continued)



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devices that shall not affect the indicated reading or determinations attained by more than one-half of the calibration tolerance stated in Table 1. 5.1.1.10 Maximum Indicators (optional), maximum indicating pointers are auxiliary analog indicating hands designed to remain at the maximum hardness value attained until reset by the operator. Electronic maximum indicators are digital displays electronically indicating and maintaining the maximum value hardness valued achieved until reset by the operator. 5.1.1.11 Analog maximum indicating pointers have been shown to have a nominal effect on the values attained, however, this effect is greater on durometers of lesser total



determinations (see 10.2.4). Analog Type M, OO, Type OOO-S durometers shall not be equipped with indicating pointers. 5.1.1.12 Digital electronic durometers may be with electronic maximum indicators that shall not indicated reading or determinations attained by more half of the spring calibration tolerance stated in Table 5.1.1.13 Calibrated Spring, for applying force to tor, in accordance with Fig. 1 (a through g) and applying the forces as specified in Table 1. 5.1.2 Operating Stand (Fig. 2): 5.1.2.1 Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3 shall be



mainspringpointer loads;onfor example, the effect of a maximum indicating Type D durometer determinations will be less than those determinations achieved using a Type A durometer. Analog style durometers may be equipped with maximum indicating pointers. The effect of a maximum indicating pointer shall be noted at the time of calibration in the calibration report (see 10.1.5), and when reporting hardness



supportingsupport the durometer presser foot surface parallel specimen table (Fig. 3) throughout the travel The durometer presser foot to specimen support table ism shall be verified each time the test specimen support is adjusted to accommodate specimens of varying dimens This may be accomplished by applying the durometer foot to the point of contact with the specimen support 4



Copyright ASTM International  Reproduced by IHS under license with ASTM  No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS



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D 2240 – 04e1



FIG. 1 (g) Type E Indentor (continued) TABLE 1 Durometer Spring Force Calibration A All Values are in N



A



Indicated Value



Type A, B, E, O



Type C, D, DO



Type M



Type OO, OOO



0 10 20 30 40



0.55 1.3 2.05 2.8 3.55



0 4.445 8.89 13.335 17.78



0.324 0.368 0.412 0.456 0.5



0.203 0.294 0.385 0.476 0.566



50 60 70 80 90 100 N/durometer unit Spring Calibration Tolerance



4.3 5.05 5.8 6.55 7.3 8.05 0.075 6 0.075 N



22.225 26.67 31.115 35.56 40.005 44.45 0.4445 6 0.4445 N



0.544 0.589 0.633 0.677 0.721 0.765 0.0044 6 0.0176 N



0.657 0.748 0.839 0.93 1.02 1.111 0.00908 6 0.0182 N



Refer to 5.1.1.3 for the Type xR designation. 评价文档：



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Type 0.167 0.343 0.520 0.696 0.873 1.049 1.226 1.402 1.579 1.755 1.932 0.01765 6 0.0353



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5.1.2.6 Specimen Support Table, (Fig. 3) integral 5/15



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making adjustments by way of the durometer mounting assembly or as specified by the manufacturer. 5.1.2.2 Operating Stand, Type 1 (specimen to indentor type), shall be capable of applying the specimen to the indentor in a manner that minimizes shock. 5.1.2.3 Operating Stand, Type 2 (indentor to specimen type), shall be capable of controlling the rate of descent of the



5.1.2.6 Specimen Support Table, (Fig. 3) integral operating stand, and having a solid flat surface. The support platform may have orifices designed to accept inserts or support fixtures (Fig. 3) to provide for the irregularly configured specimens. When inserts are support test specimens, care must be taken to align the to the center of the insert, or the point at which the



indentor the specimen a maximum of 3.20 the mm/s (0.125 in./s) andtoapplying a force at sufficient to overcome calibrated spring force as shown in Table 1. 5.1.2.4 Operating Stand, Type 3 (indentor to specimen type), hydraulic dampening, pneumatic dampening, or electromechanical (required for the operation of Type M durometers) shall be capable of controlling the rate of descent of the indentor to the specimen at a maximum of 3.2 mm/s (0.125 in./s) and applying a force sufficient to overcome the calibrated



to the does specimen. Care should be exercised to thecontact indentor not abruptly contact the specimen table as damage to the indentor may result.



spring force as shown in Table 1. Manual application, Type 1 or Type 2 operating stands are not acceptable for Type M durometer operation. 5.1.2.5 The entire instrument should be plumb and level, and resting on a surface that will minimize vibration. Operating the instrument under adverse conditions will negatively affect the determinations attained.



6.0-mm (0.24-in.) values are obtained with a thinner 6.1.1 A specimen may be composed of plied pieces the necessary thickness, but determinations made specimens may not agree with those made on solid as the surfaces of the plied specimens may not be in contact. The lateral dimensions of the specimen sufficient to permit measurements at least 12.0 mm



6. Test Specimen



6.1 The test specimen, herein referred to as “specimen “test specimen” interchangeably, shall be at least 6.0 in.) in thickness unless it is known that results equivalent



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