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BAHASA INGGRIS Direct and Indirect Speech Ns. Intan Asri N, M.Kep. Sp.Kep.Kom.
PROGRAM STUDI KEPERAWATAN FAKULTAS ILMU-ILMU KESEHATAN
Purpose of the study In the end of the learning process, you are able to : •Membuat kalimat dalam bentuk direct and indirect speech. •Mengetahui fomula dari direct and indirect speech
What is DIRECT and INDIRECT ?
Direct ialah kalimat langsung, artinya kalimat dialog yang digunakan seseorang saat berbicara langsung dengan orang lain.
Indirect ialah kalimat tidak langsung, artinya kalimat dialog yang sudah terjadi di masa lampau kemudian diceritakan kembali pada oranglain.
Example : Apa perbedaan paling utama yang bisa kalian tebak dari dua speech ini? Contoh 1
Direct speech
: The nurse said, “I want to help you.”
Indirect speech : The nurse said that she wanted to help me.
Contoh 2
Direct speech
: Doctor said, “I made you a recipe.”
Indirect speech : Doctor said that she had made me a recipe.
Contoh 3
Direct speech
: She said,”I’m going to the ward.”
Indirect speech : She said that she was going to the ward.
Perbedaan paling utama ialah :
Direct Speech/kalimat langsung
1.
Selalu menggunakan tanda kutipan (“).
2.
Kata langsung oleh pembicara selalu juga dipisahkan dengan tanda baca koma (,).
Indirect Speech/kalimat tak langsung
1.
Tanda baca koma(,) dan kutipan (”) hilang digantikan kata “that”.
2.
Kata “that” sangat berguna untuk membantu berlangsungnya kalimat.
Peraturan Dasar untuk Indirect Speech 1.
Selalu ada penggunaan tanda baca koma dan tanda kutipan antara pembicara dengan yang dibicarakan.
2.
Selalu menggunakan kata “that.”
3.
Ada perubahan jenis kalimat (lihat rumus berikut ini)
4.
Ada perubahan subjek.
5.
Ada perubahan waktu.
There are some changes in the use of preposition and time indicator as follows : DIRECT (TIME) 1. Here 2. This 3. These 4. Now 5. Today 6. Yesterday 7. Tommorow 8. Last 9. Ago 10.next
INDIRECT(TIME) 1. Theres 2. That 3. those 4. Then 5. That day 6. The day before, the previous day 7. The following day, the next day, the day after 8. The previous 9. Before 10.The following
IMPERATIVE(PERINTAH) DIRECT
INDIRECT
1. Father “Clean the floor!” 2. Soya, “Be careful !”
1. Father asked me to clean the floor. 2. Soya asked to be careful.
1. Teacher, “ Don’t be Late!” 2. Gery, “Don’t tear the book!”
1. Teacher asked me not to be late. 2. Gery asked me not to tear the book.
QUESTION DIRECT
INDIRECT
1. Ratna, “ Are you a nurse?” 2. Heru, “Do you like soto ayam?” 3. Mike, “Can you swim?”
1. Ratna asked if/whether I was a nurse. 2. Heru asked if I like soto ayam. 3. Mike asked if I could swim.
1. Josh,”where are you from?” 2. Yahya,”What do you buy last night?”
1. Josh asked where I was from. 2. Yahya asked what I bought the night before.
Direct speech
F O R M U L A
Indirect speech
Present Simple to Past SImple He said.”I study Nursing”.
He said that he studied Nursing.
The head nurse said,”We work so hard”.
The head nurse said that they worked so hard
Present continous to past continuos
She said,” I’m waiting for the medicine”.
She said that she was waiting for her medicine.
Jimmy said,”They are studying Biology”.
Jimmy said that they are were studying Biology.
Present Perfect to Past Perfect Debora said,”I have completed the morning shift”.
Debora said that she had completed the morning shift.
She said,”I have met the doctor”.
She said that she had met the doctor.
Present Perfect Continuous to Past Perfect Continous
They said,”We have been waiting in the line for 3 hours”.
They said that they had been waiting in the line for 3 hours.
She said,”I have been working in the hospital”
She said that she had been working in the hospital
Direct speech
F O R M U L A
Indirect speech Past Simple to Past Perfect
He said,” I bought a new book”.
He said that he had bought a new book.
They said,”We went for a walk”.
They said that they had gone for a walk.
Past Continuous to Past Perfect Continuous The patient said,”I were travelling to China last week”.
The patient said that she had been travelling to China last week.
She said,”I was not taking any medicine yet”.
She said that she had not been taking any medicine yet.
Past Perfect(Tidak berubah) He said,” I had taken a covid-19 test”.
He said that he had taken a covid-19 test.
They said,”we had not received the test result”. They said that they had not received the test result. Future simple Tense(will) to Would Gary said,” I will go to the nursing station”.
Gary said that he would go to the nursing station
She said,”I will start a social distancing”
She said that she would start a social distancing.
F O R M U L A
Direct speech
Indirect speech
Future Continuous Tense(will be) to would be Jenny said,”I will be staying at home for 2 weeks”.
Jenny said that she would be staying at home for 2 weeks
Tomi said,”I will be waiting for you at Tom said that he would be waiting home”. for me at home.
Future Perfect Tense(Will Have) to Would Have Mom said,”I will have cleaned the house”.
Mom said that she would have cleaned the house.
Fifi said,”I will have called the hotline”.
Fifi said that she would have called the hotline.
EXERCISE 1.
Direct speech : She said,”I will go to the hospital”. Indirect speech : a. She said that she would go to the hospital. b. She said that “I will go to the hospital”.
2. Direct speech Indirect speech
: Ray said,”I have completed the series”. : a. Ray said that, he had completed the series. b. Ray said that he had completed the series.
3. Direct speech Indirect speech
: He said,”I work from 7a.m to 2 p.m ”. : a. He said that”he woked from 7a.m to 2 p.m”. b. He said that he worked from 7a.m to 2 p.m.
EXERCISE 4. Direct speech
: They said,”we have been working in the hospital for 4 years”.
Indirect speech : a. They said they had been working in the hospital for 4 years b. They said “they had been working in the hospital for 4 years”. 5. Direct speech
: The patient said,”We were travelling to China”.
Indirect speech : a. The patient said they had been travelling to China. b. The patient said, they have been travelling to China
