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12 TYPE OF READING TEXT 1. DESCRIPTIVE TEXT, PENGERTIAN, GENERIC STRUCTURE, DAN CONTOH A. The Definition and Purpose of Descriptive Text Definisi dan tujuan dari teks descriptive ini bisa kita awali dengan arti katasecara lexical. Menurut yourdictionary.com, descriptive diartikan sebagai: describing; of or characterized by description; specif Sangat jelas bahwah yang dimaksud dengan descriptive adalah, menggambarkan, memberikan tanda dan ciri-ciri, atau mebedakan antara benda yang satu dengan yang lain. Sementara menurut sil.org, dercriptive didefiniskan sebagai: a text which lists the characteristics of something Kalau kita perjelas lag,i teks descriptive adalah teks yang memberikan daftar cici-ciri suatu benda. Sedangkan dalam banyak sumber pembelajaran bahasa Inggris berbasis teks, descriptive text diartikan dan difungsikan sebagai berikut: Descriptive text is a text which say what a person or a thing is like. Its purpose is to describe and reveal a particular person, place, or thing. Sebuah bentuk wacana yang dipakai utnuk menjelaskan bagaimana rupa suatu benda atau sesorang itu. Tujuannya adalah untuk menggambarkan dan menunjukkan bagaiman seseorang, suatu tempat, dan sesutu yang sedang digambarkan itu menjadi jelas. B. The Generic Structure of Descriptive Text Setiap mempelajari genres atau jenis teks, pasti tidak boleh melewatkan istilah generic structure. Istilah ini dipakai untuk menunjukkan bagaiaman penulis teks itu menyusun tulisannya sehingga pesan dan maksudnya lebih mudah tersampaikan kepada pembacanya. Berikut adalah generic structure teks descriptive bahasa Inggris. 1. Identification: Menidentifikasi phenomena atau benda atau object tertent yang mau dideskripsikan. Biasanya ini letaknya diawal paragraf. 2. Description: Menjelasakan bagaimana rupa dan ciri-ciri hal yang sedang dideskripsikan tersebut. Secara umum apa yang menjadi patokan penggambaran teks jenis ini adalah bagian-bagian objek (parts), kuwalits objek (qualities), atau cicir ciri da kebiasaanya (characteristics). C. The Language Feature of Descriptive Text Sementara pembahasan language feature setiap jenis teks lebih mengacu pada kebiasaan umum yang sering dijumpai,. Jadi ini bukanlah aturan baku yang harus selalu diikuti oleh penulis teks descriptive: 1. Using attributive and identifying process. 2. Using adjective and classifiers in nominal group. 3. Using simple present tense Contoh Singkat Decriptive Text Bahasa Inggris Berikut ini ini disajikan contoh sangat pendek descriptive text yang merujuk pada definisi dan generic structure seperti yang disebutkan diatas. My cat



I have a cat in my house, the cat is male. I like call him “Papay”. He is an adorable cat, my cat is cute. His body is fat. He has black and white fur. I really love to cuddle him because his fur feels soft. Every morning my mother gives a fish, sometime he usually scratches out my arm when I play with him. He is an active animal. He likes to run around the house. He likes to chase everyone in my house. When he feels tired or sleepy, he usually sleeps on the sofa in the living room or sometime under the table. “Papay” often goes out to find for food at night. And sometime he brings a mouse on his mouth. Then he eats the mouse in the back of my house for himself. 2. RECOUNT TEXT: PENGERTIAN, TUJUAN, GENERIC STRUCTURE, DAN CONTOH A. Pengertian Recount Text “Recount” dalam kamus bahasa Inggris berati “menceritakan”, “recount text” berarti “text yang menceritakan”. “Recount text is a text that telling the reader about one story, action or activity.” Recount text adalah sebuah teks yang menceritakan tentang suatu cerita, tindakan, atau kegiatan. Ya, biasanya recount text menceritakan suatu kejadian atau pengalaman yang terjadi dimasa lalu contohnya seperti pengalaman Anda berlibur atau suatu pengalaman Anda bertemu artis idola anda. Berbeda dengan narrative text, pada recount text tidak terdapat complication atau conflict masalah. B. Tujuan Recount Text Sedangkan tujuan recount text adalah sebagai berikut: “The porpose of recount text is to entertain or inform the readers.” Tujuan recount text adalah untuk menghibur dan menginformasikan para pembaca. Tujuan komunikasi dari recount text adalah menceritakn suatu pengalaman atau kejadian yang terjadi dimasa lalu dengan tujuan untuk menghibur (entertain) dan menginformasikan (inform) pembaca. C. Generic Structure Recount Text Sama seperti teks bahasa Inggris lainnya, Recount text juga memiliki susunan atau struktur. Generic Structure recount text terdiri dari: 1. Orientation: memceritakan mengenai latarbelakang informasi tentang siapa, di mana, kapan kejadian atau peristiwa terjadi. 2. Events: menceritakan suatu peristiwa yang terjadi setelahnya diceritakan sesuai urutan kronologis. 3. Reorientation: berisi rangkuman atau conclusion dari semua kejadian. Pada bagian ini juga berisi pendapat atau kesan penulis tentang kejadian yang diceritakan.



Contoh Recount Text Visit Mount Ciremai



Last weekend, my family and me went for a holiday, the goal of the tourist attractions in Mount ciremai, our family is really like when on vacation to the mountains, after me and my family was getting ready we immediately take a trip to get there by car. After a few hours, we finally got there, i immediately felt happy family, the parents we see the beautiful scenery, and adiku play games in swift, there is very cool air once, and do not forget we also take pictures. After we are satisfied, my family and I finally came home, it was a nice holiday.



3. NARRATIVE TEXT: PENGERTIAN, TUJUAN, JENIS, GENERIC STRUCTURE DAN CONTOH A. Narrative text adalah salah satu English text yang yang termasuk dalam Reading skill. Maka tidak heran jika menjadi salah materi yang sering dibahas di kelas bahasa inggris. Materi narrative text juga selalu ada dalam ujian baik itu ujian nasional, ujian masuk perguruan tinggi, maupun TOEFL. Untuk itu pada kesempatan ini KBI akan memberikan materi tentang narrative text. Yak, berikut ini simaklah penjelasannya. B. Definisi Narrative text adalah salah satu jenis teks bahasa inggris yang bertujuan untuk menceritakan suatu cerita yang memiliki rangkaian peristiwa kronologis yang saling terhubung. C. Tujuan The Purpose of Narrative Text is to amuse or to entertain the reader with a story. Narrative text bertujuan untuk menghibur pembaca tentang suatu kisah atau cerita. D. Jenis Ada banyak jenis narrative text. Narrative text bisa berupa teks imajiner, faktual, atau kombinasi keduanya. Berikut ini jenis-jenis narrative text: fairy stories, mysteries, science fiction, romances, horror stories, adventure stories, fables, myths and legends, historical narratives, ballads, slice of life, personal experience. E. Generic Structure Struktur generik narrative text berfokus pada serangkaian tahapan yang diusulkan untuk membangun sebuah cerita. Dalam narrative text tahap itu meliput:



1. Orientation ( Pendahuluan ) di mana karakter , setting , dan waktu cerita ditetapkan . Biasanya menjawab pertanyaan siapa? kapan? dimana ? Misalnya: Once upon a time, there was a wolf lived in the forest. 2. Complication or problem Menceritakan awal masalah yang menyebabkan krisis ( klimaks ). Complication biasanya melibatkan karakter utama. 3. Resolution Akhir dari cerita yang berupa solusi dari masalah. Perlu adanya resolusi dari masalah. Masalah dapat diselesaikan dapat menjadi lebih baik atau malah lebih buruk, bahagia atau sedih . Kadang-kadang ada beberapa komplikasi yang harus dipecahkan. Hal ini menambah dan mempertahankan minat dan ketegangan bagi pembaca nya. 4. Reorientation/Coda merupakan pernyataan penutup cerita dan bersifat opsional . Bisa berisi tentang pelajaran moral, saran atau pengajaran dari penulis. F. Contoh Berikut ini contoh Narrative text: Contoh Narrative Text Pinokio Once upon a time, there was a puppeteer named Geppetto. He really wanted a boy but his wife has been died for a long time ago. One day, he had an idea. He wanted to make a puppet so he would never felt lonely again. He made a puppet all night without resting. In the morning, finally he finished his work. He named the puppet, Pinocchio. He played whole day with Pinocchio. However, he felt lonely again because Pinocchio couldn't talk or walk by himself. In the middle of the night, Geppetto prayed to the God. His wish was Pinocchio became a real boy, human. He thought it on his mind in his dream. In the next morning, he surprised. Pinocchio was alive. He really was happy. He tough Pinocchio how to walk, how to speak, how to read etc. like a teacher. Pinocchio learned fast. He entered an elementary school. One day, Pinocchio felt bored. So, he went home late. Geppetto worried about him. When Pinocchio came to home, Geppetto asked him. He said he was on school but he didn't. Suddenly, Pinocchio's nose grow longer. It meant that Pinocchio lied. The next day, Pinocchio got caught by thieves. The thieves was the owner of circus. Pinocchio became a slave for the circus. He was famous because he was a talking puppet. Geppetto worried him. Pinocchio didn't come home for 2 days. He found Pinocchio everywhere. When he discovered the sea, big wave smashed him. He was on whale's stomach when he awoke. He couldn't find the way out. In different place, Pinocchio finally could get out from circus. He went to home but Geppetto wasn't on there. He found Geppetto at sea. He had the same accident like Geppetto. He met Geppetto in whale's stomach. They got out from its stomach by made a fire. They went home back together. In the end, they lived happy forever after.



4. PROCEDURE TEXT: DEFINISI, TUJUAN, JENIS, GENERIC STRUCTURE DAN CONTOH A. Definisi Procedure Text “Procedure text is a piece of text that give us instructions for doing something.” Procedure text adalah sebuah teks yang memberikan kita perintah atau instruksi untuk melakukan sesuatu. “Procedure text is a text that is designed to describe how something is achieved through a sequence of actions or steps.” Procedure text adalah teks yang dirancang untuk menggambarkan bagaimana sesuatu dicapai melalui urutan tindakan atau langkah-langkah. Jadi dapat disimpulkan disini, procedure text adalah jenis text yang bertujuan untuk menggambarkan suatu perintah atau instruksi tentang bagaimana sesuatu dicapai sesuai urutan atau langkah-langkah yang benar. Dan biasanya judul procedure text diawali dengan “How to ….“. Contohnya misalnya seperti “How to make a cup of tea” (Cara membuat secangkir tea), “How to Use the Computer” (Cara menggunakan komputer), dan masih banyak lagi contoh lainnya. B. Beberapa ciri prosedure text adalah: 1. Mengunakan Simple Present Tense (S+V1) 2. Berbentuk imperative/bentuk perintah, 3. Menggunakan action verbs, contoh: make, take, boil, cook, 4. Menggunakan temporal conjunctions, contoh: First, then, next, after that, last C. Tujuan Procedure Text Procedure text sendiri dibuat mempunyai tujuan tertentu untuk pembaca. Tujuan teks sendiri bersifat komunikatif. “The social purpose of procedure text is to show how something is done through sequence of steps which enable the reader to achieve the goal.” Tujuan sosial procedure text adalah untuk menunjukkan bagaimana sesuatu dilakukan melalui urutan langkah yang memungkinkan pembaca untuk mencapai tujuan. “The purpose of procedure text is to tell the reader how to do or make something through a sequence of actions or steps.” Tujuan dari teks prosedur adalah untuk memberitahu pembaca bagaimana melakukan atau membuat sesuatu melalui urutan tindakan atau langkah-langkah . D. Jenis-jenis Procedure Text Procedure text dalam bahasa inggris mempunyai beberapa jenis. Berikut ini ada 3 jenis procedure text yang harus Anda ketahui. 1. Procedure text yang menjelaskan bagaimana sesuatu bekerja atau bagaimana menggunakan instruksi/operasi manual , misalnya , how to use computer, how to record video. how to use plaroid camera. 2. Procedure text yang menginstruksikan bagaimana melakukan aktivitas tertentu, misalnya, how to make a noodle, how to dance, how to play basketball.



3. Procedure text yang berhubungan dengan perilaku manusia, misalnya, how to succeed, how to live happily, how to be a good person. E. Generic Stucture of Procedure Text Procedure text memiliki skema susunan umum atau generic structure. Berikut ini generic stucture of procedure text: 5. Goal: memberikan informasi tentang maksud dan tujuan prosedur dan memprediksi suatu kesimpulan. 6. Materials: berisi daftar materi atau bahan-bahan yang dibutuhkan untuk melakukan suatu prosedur atau langkah-langkah. 7. Steps: daftar urutan instruksi/aktivitas untuk mencapai tujuan dalam urutan langkah yang benar. 8. Result: Hasil dari serangkaian langkah-langkah yang telah dilakukan. Contoh Procedure Text How to Make Cup Cakes Ingredients 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)



125 gr. Butter 122 gr. Sugar 130 gr. Flour 4 gr. baking powder 2 eggs Icing or frosting, if desired



Steps 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.



Gather your ingredients. Preheat your oven to 180 degrees. Put in your butter and sugar. Pour in your eggs in small portions and mix every time you pour them in. Put in the flour mixed with baking powder in small portions and mix. Put the prepared batter in small sized cupcake shells and leave it to bake in the pre-heated oven for around 20-25 minutes. 7. Spread icing or frosting over the cupcakes and serve.



5. REPORT TEXT: PENGERTIAN, TUJUAN, GENERIC STRUCTURE, DAN CONTOH A. Pengertian Report Text “A report text is a type of text that announce the result of an investigation or announce something. The information given in a report text is very general information.” Report text adalah jenis teks yang mengumumkan hasil penyelidikan atau mengumumkan sesuatu . Informasi yang diberikan dalam teks laporan adalah informasi yang sangat umum. Apasih yang membedakan report text dan descriptive text? Jika Anda membandingkannya dengan seksama, bedanya adalah recont text menjelaskan sesuatu



secara general atau umum sedangkan descriptive text menjelaskan sesuatu yang spesifik atau khusus. Report text juga biasanya bersifat ilmiah. B. Tujuan Report Text “Social function of report text is to present information about something generally to the reader.” Social function dari report text adalah untuk menyajikan informasi tentang sesuatu secara umum kepada pembaca. Secara umum, report text menggambarkan hal-hal yang berkenaan dengan fenomena alam , buatan manusia dan sosial di lingkungan kita , seperti : mamalia , planet-planet , batu , tanaman , negara-negara dan kota, budaya , transportasi , dan sebagainya. Dan report text bersifat ilmiah karena menyajikan fakta-fakta sebagai hasil penelitian atau observasi. C. Generic Structure General Classification Berisi pernyataan umum tentang subject yang dibicarakan atau dibahas. D. Description merupakan bagian yang memberikan gambaran secara detail mengenai subject yang dibahas pada bagian general classification. E. Contoh Report Text Report Text About Snowy Owl



Snowy owls or nyctea scandiaca are big predator birds. They can be defined as diurnal animal which means they are more active during the day than at night. Snowy owls breed in isolated areas or arctic and subarctic regions, mostly in the North America. As their name, snowy owls have dark white feathers with dark brown markings. Their feathers are thick covering its legs. They are around 1,6 kg to 2 kg in weight and they stand about half a meter height with 2 meters wing span. They have a scaring round white head a black sharp claws. 6. ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION A. Definition Analytical exposition text is a text that elaborates the writer’s idea about the phenomenon surrounding. B. Purpose:







To persuade the reader or listener that there is something that, certainly, needs to get attention  To analyze a topic and to persuade the reader that this opinion is correct and supported by arguments Examples: argumentative essay, exploratory essay C. Generic Structure: 2. Thesis : Introduces the topic and shows speaker or writer’s position; Outlines of the arguments to be presented. 3. Arguments : It consists about Point and Elaboration Point, states the main argument. Elaboration: develops and supports each point of argument 4. Conclusion : Reiteration (restatement), restates speaker or writer’s position D. Language Features:  Focus on generic human and non human participants.  Use mental processes. It is used to state what the writer or speaker thinks or feels about something, for example: realize, feel, etc.  Need material processes. It is used to state what happens, for example: has polluted, etc.  Use of simple present tense.  Use of relational processes.  Use of internal conjunction to state argument.  Reasoning through casual conjunction or nominalization. The example of Analytical Exposition: Corruption and Indonesian Culture Corruption has happened for many years and today it becomes a bad culture in Indonesia for three reasons. Most adult Indonesian or foreigners have known and admitted that corruptions happen in many places. The daily newspapers, news programs on TV and radio have reported corruptions are done everywhere, almost in all departments or public services of this country. Corruptions happen in health, education departments and banks. When we manage to get some documents in public service offices, we usually need much money to pay. Manipulations happen everywhere. The actions to eliminate corruption are weak. The ever stronger culture seems not to come to an end when the responsible institutions who have to reinforce the justice today commit corruption. This is the worst. Corruptions happen in police department, courts where judges, public prosecutors, lawyers make deals to do corruption. All of us also heard in the end of 2004, Probosutejo reported that he had bribed the Supreme Court, or called Mahkamah Agung which becomes the highest level where the justice can be obtained. Perhaps you have to try to come to the local courts and see what happen there. You will see practices of bribery and other kinds of corruption. Therefore, we can say that corruptions becomes our culture. Do you like it?



The citizens have no goodwill to fight against the corruption. They create the situations in which people ahave opportunities to do corruptions. The citizens like to break the rules because they are not disciplined. For example, in the street when they drive a car or ride motorcycle, they do not have the driving license or necessary documents. Then, they are caught by the local policemen. To avoid more difficulties, they like to bribe the officer. The officer let them go then. In other words, the citizens and officers are the same, doing corruption together. If only the people were critical, disciplined, and obey the rules, and willing to report any wrong behaviors, this country will not be number one corrupting country in the world. Conclusion Based on the reasons, we can conclude that corruption is becoming a bad culture in Indonesia if it is not ended soon by all of us. It seems that there must be more severe penalty for the Corruptors. Do we still care about the future of this country?



7. HORTATORY EXPOSITION TEXT: PENGERTIAN, CONTOH, DAN GENERIC STRUCTURE A. Pengertian Hortatory Exposition Kalau dilihat dari arti dari masing kata pembentuknya, misalnya Oxford Dictionary (online) memberikan arti sebagai berikut; Kata “hortatory” adalah “Tending or aiming to exhort” yang berarti “Cenderung atau bertujuan untuk memberi nasihat. Sementara itu arti leksikal dari kata “exposition” adalah “A comprehensive description and explanation of an idea or theory” yang berati “penggambaran atau penjelasn yang komprehensive terhadap sutu ide dan teori”. Maka secara sederhana hortatory exposition adalah suatu penjelasan yang komprehensive terhadap ide atau teori yang bertujuan untuk memberi nasihat. Jelas kemudian bahwa teks hortatory adalah teks yang disusun berdasarkan pemikirin penulisnya terhadap suatu gagasan yang ditujukan untuk memberi nasihat atau saran kepada pembacanya. B. Generic structure Teks hortatory Exposition Seperti jenis tkes lainya dalam bahasa Inggris yang memunyai masin masin pola penyusunan pemaknahan yang diwujudkan dengan paragraf per paragraf, sebuah contoh hortatory expostion akan diatur berdasarkan unsur berikut: 1. Thesis: Apa gagasan atau teory yang sedang disampaikan oleh si penulis 2. Arguments: Setelah menyatah sebuah thesis, kemudian perlu diberikan beberapa argumen atau alasan yang mendudkung terhadap pemikiran si penuis tersebut. 3. Recommendation: Inilah fase terakhir yang paling membedakan antara jenis teks exposition yang satu dengan lainnya, dimana penulis perlu memeberikan sebuah recommdasi yang seharusnya atau tidak seharusnya dilakukan oleh pembacanya. C. Contoh Hortatory Exposition Text dan Analisa Generic Structure The Importance of Speaking English



English nowadays has an important role in our daily life. It is the massive means of communication. Is there a strong argument which says that English will not give any benefit? Learning to speak English well may be the best way to improve our life. It seems all the people in the world have agreed to use English to talk to each other. About 1,500,000,000 people in the world speak English. While another 1,000,000,000 are still learning English. If we can communicate in English, we can contact people from all over the world. We can talk about our ideas and opinions on Internet discussion groups. We can chat with other interesting people to learn about their life and culture. If we can communicate in English, we can travel more easily. English is spoken in more than 100 countries. If we lost, we can ask directions or ask for help. Who knows, English will save our life somewhere someday. That is why we should make every effort possible to find somebody to speak with. Where can we find people who can speak English with us? We can find them at school, shopping mall, tourist destination, etc Above all, don't be afraid to speak English. We must try to speak, even if we make mistakes. We cannot learn without mistakes. So, speak English as much as possible!



8. BIOGRAPHICAL RECOUNT 1. Generic structure The purpose of a biographical recount is to inform by retelling past events and achievements in a person’s life. The texts consist of three parts: a) Part 1: orientation It given the reader the background information as two why this person is Noteworthy and should have a biography written about the. The opening paragraph should answer the questions: who, what, where, when, and how. b) Part 2: series It presents a series of events, usually told in chronological order. Here the writer might refer to a certain time on line.



c) Part 3: reorientation It consists of a type of conclusion with a comment on the contributions this person has made or a summary and evaluation of the person’s achievement.



2. Language Features



a) A biographical recount uses specific names of the people involved in the biography. b) It is mainly written in simple past tense (the final paragraph could also include the present tense) c) A biographical recount also uses liking word to do with time. d) A biographical recount describes events, so it uses many verb or action verb. Example: Biography Laudya Cynthia Bella Laudya Cynthia Bella or commonly called Bella (born 24 February 1988) is an Indonesian pop singer, actress, and soap opera star of mixed ethnic Sundanese, Javanese and Minangkabau descent. Bella played in the several movies, like Virgin, Lentera Merah, Dibawah Lindungan Ka’bah, Belenggu, Haji Backpacker, Assalamualaikum Beijing, and Surga Yang Tak Dirindukan also Surga Yang Tak Dirindukan 2. Bella is one of the singers in Melly Goeslaw’s vocal group, BBB (Bukan Bintang Biasa), together with Raffi Ahmad, Chelsea Olivia Wijaya, Dimas Beck, and Ayushita. Bella worked as a model before moving to acting. She was selected as a Kawanku magazine finalist in 2002. She played Biyan in the film Virgin (2004), for which she was nominated for Best Leading Actress at the 2005 Indonesian Film Festival and won “Best Female Leading Role” award at the 2005 Festival Film Bandung. Bella joined to Melly Goeslaw’s vocal group, BBB (stands for Bukan Bintang Biasa), together with Raffi Ahmad, Chelsea Olivia Wijaya, Dimas Beck, and Ayushita in 2006. In addition, BBB appears in the drama-themed film was directed by Lasja Fauzia, titled Bukan Bintang Biasa. Still same of year, Bella had appeared a cameo role in the film Berbagi Suami and played as Risa Apriliyanti in a horror-themed movie, Lentera Merah. She also starring in the soap opera Jurangan Jengkol, for which she earned a trophy for “Famous Actress” category at the 2006 SCTV Awards. In addition, Bella has appeared in several soap opera television and advertisement. In 2011, Bella has played for film which had coincide in Lebaran, titled Di Bawah Lindungan Ka’bah, for which she won “Best Leading Actress” award at the 2012 e-Guardians Awards and was nominated for “Best Female Leading Role” at the 2012 Festival Film Bandung. In 2013, Bella starred a thriller-horror movie, Belenggu, for which she won the “Favorite Actress” award at the 2013 Indonesian Movie Awards. She was nominated for



Best Leading Actress at the 2013 Indonesian Film Festival and nominated for “Best Actress” at the 2013 Indonesian Movie Awards.



9. NEWS ITEM TEXT: PENGERTIAN, TUJUAN, GENERIC STRUCTURE DAN CONTOH A. Pengertian News Item Text Dalam bahasa inggris, “news” berati berita. Tentunya hal ini tidak asing bagi kita. Beberapa ahli bahasa inggris mendefinisikan news item text sebagai berikut: “News items is a text that informs the readers about newsworthy or important events of the day.” News item text adalah suatu teks yang menginformasikan pembaca tentang peristiwa/kejadian sehari-hari yang layak diberitakan atau penting. Newsworthy yang berati layak untuk diberitakan, jadi tidak semua kejadian/peristiwa bisa diberitakan. Hanya kejadian atau peristiwa penting saja yang layak diberitakan. Jika peristiwa/kejadian itu tidak penting maka tidak layak untuk diberitakan dan diketahui banyak orang. B. Tujuan News Item Text Tujuan News Item Text adalah “The purpose of news item text is to inform the readers about newsworthy or important events of the day.” Tujuan news items text adalah untuk menginformasikan pembaca tentang peristiwa/kejadian sehari-hari yang layak untuk diberitakan atau penting. Dan kejadian yang diberitakan biasanya adalah kejadian atau peristiwa terbaru. C. Generic Structure Sama halnya dengan jenis teks bahasa inggris lainnya seperti narrative text, recount text, atau procedure text, news item text juga memiliki susunan atau struktur umun atau disebut generic structure. Generic Structure dari news item text adalah sebagai berikut:  Main Event/Newsworthy Event: adalah berita utama, bagian yang menceritakan ringkasan dari suatu kejadian atau peristiwa penting yang terjadi.  Background Event/Elaboration: menceritakan secara rinci latar belakang kejadian atau peristiwa yang terjadi, siapa yang terlibat, dimana dan bagaimana peristiwa terjadi.  Source: bagian terakhir dari struktur news item text, merupakan sumber berita bisa berupa pernyataan narasumber, komentar saksi, pendapat para ahli, atau pernyataan dari pihak terkait dari suatu peristiwa. Contoh News Item Text Berikut ini contoh news item dari berita terbaru tentang gempa susulan di Nepal Tangerang Floodwaters Rose



Tangerang Disaster Mitigation (Tagana) teams evacuated hundreds of residents from their homes in the Ciledug Indah housing complex in Ciledug district Tangerang after floodwaters inundated the area on Wednesday. Water of up to 50-centimeters-deep began to inundate the housing complex on Tuesday. By Wednesday morning, the water reached up to two meters in some parts of the complex. Many vehicles belonging to residents were also trapped in the flood because the owners did not have a chance to move them to a higher place. Temporary shelters inside government offices and mosques were set up to house the evacuates. But some residents refused to leave their homes, citing security concerns. They also said that it would be tiresome to walk between their homes and the shelters to check on their houses. “I prefer to stay at home because it is unsafe to leave home,” local man Dedi Safe’i told The Jakarta Post on Wednesday. 10. INVITATION “invitation” adalah permintaan baik berupa ucapan atau tertulis kepada seseorang untuk melakukan Sesutu atau pergi ke suatu tempat. Generic Structure Invitation Bahasa Inggris Susunan kalimat, frase, atau paragraph sebuah invitation biasanya disebut generic structure atau schematic structure. Pada umumnya setiap undangan mempunyai keunikan sendirisendiri namun secara keseluruhan bisa digaribawahi bahwa undangan (invitation text) akan ditulis dengan struktur sebagai berikut: 1. Invitee: Siapa yang diundang 2. Body of invitation: Isi undangan biasanya berupa hal hal berikut ini:  Occasion: Undangan ini dibuat untuk acara apa  Day or Date: Hari dan tanggal  Time: Waktu yang ditetapkan  Place: Tempat yang diharapkan kehadirannya para undangan 3. Inviter: Siapa yang mengundang Sekali lagi susunan seperti diatas hanyalah patokan umum bagaimana sebuah invitation itu ditulis dalam bahasa Inggris. Dan meski begitu akan banyak variasi unsure yang dimasukkan kedalam undangan tersebut dan itu mungkin berbda antara satu dan lainnya



Contoh Invitation Text Sederhana dalam Bahasa Inggris Invitation text yang kita temukan dalam beberapa kesempatan biasa dibedakan menjadi 2 macam, yaitu formal invitation (undangan resmi) dan informal invitation (undangan untuk acara tidak resmi)



Example Invitation



Contoh undangan bahasa Inggris untuk acara tidak formal. Undangan untuk utnuk acara tidak resmi yang paling sering kita dapatkan adalah acara ulang tahun (birthday invitation), acara keluaraga (famiily gathering invitation), dan lainnya 11. NOTICE Generic Structure of Notice Text As we know there are many kinds of Short Functional Text. One of them is Notice Text so in this occasion I want to share about Generic Structure of Notice Text. In this material I will share about definition, purpose, generic structure, linguistic or language feature kinds and examples of notice text. Now let’s go to the material Generic Structure of Notice Text. Definition of Notice Text Notice / caution is a form of functional Text used as instruction or guidance to someone doing or not doing something. Notice / caution may be in the form of phrases (combination of words), clause (Sentence), or an image / mark / sign. Notice or is short and simple information addressed to someone else. Notice should be easily understood and easy to read, so usually notice or notification always using simple words, written in a simple, and large font. And it is usually placed in public places. Notice can also be signs. The Purpose of Notice Text There are many function or purpose of Notice text, they are used:  To give an instruction / to instruct people to….  To give information / to inform people to….  To give direction  To ask people to….  To advice/to suggest / to recommend people to….  To remind people to….  To warn / to give warning  To ban / to forbid / to prohibit people to… Because of the above functions, that’s why in the notice, people use a simple word with a simple font which is written in a placard or notice board. Generic Structure of Notice Text



  



Attention gather (optional) Information Closure (optional)



Linguistic (Language) feature of Notice Text  Using Imperative mood (imperative sentence)  Using Declarative reference  Not necessarily sequenced in time  Spoken / written language features  Kinds of Notice and their examples Example :



12. Pengertian Announcement Announcement adalah pernyataan (pemberitahuan resmi) dalam bentuk lisan atau tulis yang berisi sesuatu untuk di ketahui oleh semua orang. Namun, tidak semua orang yang mendengar atau membaca pengumuman tersebut berkepentingan atas pengumuman tersebut. Pengumuman dapat kita dengar atau baca dimana saja, misalnya pengumuman lisan disekolah atau di tempat-tempat umum, sedangkan pengumuman tertulis dapat kita baca di papan pengumuman, di majalah, dan di koran. Jenis Announcement        



Pengumuman orang hilang Berita Duka Berita pernikahan, ulang tahun, peresmian dan kelahiran Pengumuman Pemenang Lowongan pekerjaan Iklan Laporan kegiatan /acara Pemberitahuan/ himbauan dari pemerintah



Tujuan Announcement “The purpose is to inform the announcement text information about an event, job vacancies, new enrollment, new admissions, and so on”. Tujuan announcement text adalah untuk memberitahukan informasi tentang sebuah acara, Lowongan pekerjaan, penerimaan murid baru, penerimaan mahasiswa baru, dan sebagainya dengan memberikan informasi



yang berbentuk formal kepada masyarakat umum atau masyarakat tertentu (To give a formal written notice of certain events). Generic Structure Announcement 1. Title: Ini adalah bagian yang paling penting karena mewakili isi keseluruhan dari pengumuna tersebut. Meski begitu kadang tidak disebutkan dengan jelas. 2. Explanation: Penjelasan lebih lanjut tentang pengumunan tesebut. Biasanya terdiri dari informasi dasar yang mencakup: jenis kegiatan, waktu, tempat, dan partisipant. Bagian-bagian Announcement  Judul atau jenis kejadian (The title/type of event)  Tanggal dan waktu (date and time)  Tempat (place)  orang/alamat yang dapat dihubungi (contact person/address) Contoh Announcement Missing person announcement