Assignment Syntax: Name: Melisa NPM: 201912500363 Class: Y4C [PDF]

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Name : Melisa Npm : 201912500363 Class : Y4C



Assignment Syntax Page 21-22 1. The following sentences exemplify the criteria of transposition, substitution, coordination and ellipsis applied to one type of phrase. What type of phrase is it and which criteria apply to which examples? 1. I put the letter into the top drawer of the bureau. Transposition : into the top drawer of the bureau 2. I put the letter there. Substitution : there 3. Where I put the letter was into the top drawer of the bureau? Transposition : into the top drawer of the bureau 4. Into the top drawer of the bureau I put the letter. Transposition : into the top drawer of the bureau 5. It was into the top drawer of the bureau that I put the letter. Transposition : into the top drawer of the bureau 6. I put the letter either there or into the top drawer of the bureau. Coordination : or 7. I put into the top drawer of the bureau the letter, my wallet and an old watch. Transposition : in the top drawer of the bureau.



2. Analyse the following examples into phrases. Label each phrase, for example as noun phrase, adverbial phrase and so on, as appropriate. If in doubt about whether words that are next to each other in an example constitute a phrase, apply the tests as demonstrated in Exercise 1 above.



For example, in (1) they can be substituted for the pedestrians offended by the dangerously selfish action of the driver; him can be replaced by the selfish driver; into the harbour can be replace by off, and so on. The sequence into the harbour occurs in the different construction Into the harbour they threatened to throw him. That is, the tests of substitution and transposition indicate that into the harbour is a phrase, a single constituent. 1. The pedestrians offended by the dangerously selfish action of the driver threatened to throw him into the harbour. The pedestrians offended by the dangerously selfish action of the driver: Noun Phrase offended by the dangerously selfish action of the driver: Participle Phrase (offended is a Participle) by the dangerously selfish action of the driver: Prepositional Phrase the dangerously selfish action of the driver: Noun Phrase dangerously selfish: Adjective Phrase of the driver: Prepositional Phrase the driver: Noun Phrase threatened to throw him into the harbour: Verb Phrase to throw him into the harbour: Infinitive Phrase him: Noun Phrase into the harbour: Prepositional Phrase the harbour: Noun Phrase



2. To throw him into the harbour was illegal but an understandable reaction by the visitors on the quayside. To throw him into the harbour: Infinitive Phrase him: Noun Phrase into the harbour: Prepositional Phrase the harbour: Noun Phrase



was illegal but an understandable reaction by the visitors on the quayside: Verb Phrase illegal: Adjective Phrase an understandable reaction by the visitors on the quayside: Noun Phrase understandable: Adjective Phrase by the visitors on the quayside: Prepositional Phrase the visitors on the quayside: Noun Phrase on the quayside: Prepositional Phrase the quayside: Noun Phrase



3. Brazil’s tropical forests are amazingly rich in fauna and flora. Brazil’s tropical forests: Noun Phrase tropical: Adjective Phrase Brazil’s: Noun Phrase (possessive) are amazingly rich in fauna and flora: Verb Phrase amazingly rich in fauna and flora: Adjective Phrase in fauna and flora: Prepositional Phrase fauna and flora: Noun Phrase (consisting of two conjoined Noun Phrases, fauna and flora)



4. The person sitting at the window is my wife. The person sitting at the window: Noun Phrase sitting at the window: Participle Phrase (sitting is a Participle) at the window: Prepositional Phrase the window: Noun Phrase is my wife: Verb Phrase my wife: Noun Phrase



5. Sitting at the window my wife noticed that our neighbour’s dog was outside. Sitting at the window: free Participle Phrase at the window: Prepositional Phrase the window: Noun Phrase my wife: Noun Phrase noticed our neighbour’s dog: Verb Phrase our neighbour’s dog: Noun Phrase



6. Susan always drinks black coffee. Susan: Noun Phrase always drinks black coffee: Verb Phrase black coffee: Noun Phrase black: Adjective Phrase



7. Susan always drinks her coffee black. Susan: Noun Phrase always drinks her coffee black: Verb Phrase her coffee: Noun Phrase black: Adjective Phrase



8. In his usual carefree fashion John ran up an enormous bill. In his usual carefree fashion: Prepositional Phrase his usual carefree fashion: Noun Phrase usual: Adjective Phrase carefree: Adjective Phrase John: Noun Phrase ran up an enormous bill: Verb Phrase



an enormous bill: Noun Phrase enormous: Adjective Phrase



9. In his exuberance John ran up an enormous hill. In his exuberance: Prepositional Phrase his exuberance: Noun Phrase John: Noun Phrase ran up an enormous hill: Verb Phrase up an enormous hill: Prepositional Phrase an enormous hill: Noun Phrase enormous: Adjective Phrase