Biografi Martha Christina Tiahahu [PDF]

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Biografi Martha Christina Tiahahu Martha Christina Tiahahu (lahir di Nusa Laut, Maluku, 4 Januari 1800 – meninggal di Laut Banda, Maluku, 2 Januari 1818 pada umur 17 tahun) adalah seorang gadis dari Desa Abubu di Pulau Nusalaut. Lahir sekitar tahun 1800 dan pada waktu mengangkat senjata melawan penjajah Belanda berumur 17 tahun. Ayahnya adalah Kapitan Paulus Tiahahu, seorang kapitan dari negeri Abubu yang juga pembantu Thomas Matulessy dalam perang Pattimura tahun 1817 melawan Belanda. Martha Christina tercatat sebagai seorang pejuang kemerdekaan yang unik yaitu seorang puteri remaja yang langsung terjun dalam medan pertempuran melawan tentara kolonial Belanda dalam perang Pattimura tahun 1817. Di kalangan para pejuang dan masyarakat sampai di kalangan musuh, ia dikenal sebagai gadis pemberani dan konsekwen terhadap cita-cita perjuangannya. Sejak awal perjuangan, ia selalu ikut mengambil bagian dan pantang mundur. Dengan rambutnya yang panjang terurai ke belakang serta berikat kepala sehelai kain berang (merah) ia tetap mendampingi ayahnya dalam setiap pertempuran baik di Pulau Nusalaut maupun di Pulau Saparua. Siang dan malam ia selalu hadir dan ikut dalam pembuatan kubu-kubu pertahanan. Ia bukan saja mengangkat senjata, tetapi juga memberi semangat kepada kaum wanita di negerinegeri agar ikut membantu kaum pria di setiap medan pertempuran sehingga Belanda kewalahan menghadapi kaum wanita yang ikut berjuang. Di dalam pertempuran yang sengit di Desa Ouw – Ullath jasirah Tenggara Pulau Saparua yang tampak betapa hebat srikandi ini menggempur musuh bersama para pejuang rakyat. Namun akhirnya karena tidak seimbang dalam persenjataan, tipu daya musuh dan pengkhianatan, para tokoh pejuang dapat ditangkap dan menjalani hukuman. Ada yang harus mati digantung dan ada yang dibuang ke Pulau Jawa. Kapitan Paulus Tiahahu divonis hukum mati tembak. Martha Christina berjuang untuk melepaskan ayahnya dari hukuman mati, namun ia tidak berdaya dan meneruskan bergerilyanya di hutan, tetapi akhirnya tertangkap dan diasingkan ke Pulau Jawa. Di Kapal Perang Eversten, Martha Christina Tiahahu menemui ajalnya dan dengan penghormatan militer jasadnya diluncurkan di Laut Banda menjelang tanggal 2 Januari 1818. Menghargai jasa dan pengorbanan, Martha Christina dikukuhkan sebagai Pahlawan Kemerdekaan Nasional oleh Pemerintah Republik Indonesia.



Perjuangan Martha Christina Tiahahu dilahirkan di Abubu Nusalaut pada tanggal 4 Januari 1800 merupakan anak sulung dari Kapitan Paulus Tiahahu dan masih berusia 17 tahun ketika mengikuti jejak ayahnya memimpin perlawanan di Pulau Nusalaut. Pada waktu yang sama Kapitan Pattimura sedang mengangkat senjata melawan kekuasaan Belanda di Saparua. Perlawanan di Saparua menjalar ke Nusalaut dan daerah sekitarnya. Pada waktu itu sebagian pasukan rakyat bersama para Raja dan Patih bergerak ke Saparua untuk membantu perjuangan Kapitan Pattimura sehingga tindakan Belanda yang akan mengambil alih Benteng Beverwijk luput dari perhatian.



Guru Soselissa yang memihak Belanda melakukan kontak dengan musuh mengatas-namakan rakyat menyatakan menyerah kepada Belanda. Tanggal 10 Oktober 1817 Benteng Beverwijk jatuh ke tangan Belanda tanpa perlawanan. Sementara di Saparua pertempuran demi pertempuran terus berkobar. Karena semakin berkurangnya persediaan peluru dan mesiu pasukan rakyat mundur ke pegunungan Ulath-Ouw. Di antarapasukan itu terdapat pula Martha Christina Tiahahu beserta para Raja dan Patih dari Nusalaut. Tanggal 11 Oktober 1817 pasukan Belanda dibawah pimpinan Richemont bergerak ke Ulath, namun berhasil dipukul mundur oleh pasukan rakyat. Dengan kekuatan 100 orang prajurit, Meyer beserta Richemont kembali ke Ulath. Pertempuran berkobar kembali, korban berjatuhan di kedua belah pihak. Dalam pertempuran ini Richemont tertembak mati. Meyer dan pasukannya bertahan di tanjakan Negeri Ouw. Dari segala penjuru pasukan rakyat mengepung, sorak sorai pasukan bercakalele, teriakan yang menggigilkan memecah udara dan membuat bulu roma berdiri. Di tengah keganasan pertempuran itu muncul seorang gadis remaja bercakalele menantang peluru musuh. Dia adalah putri Nusahalawano, Martha Christina Tiahahu, srikandi berambut panjang terurai ke belakang dengan sehelai kain berang (kain merah) terikat di kepala. Dengan mendampingi sang Ayah dan memberikan kobaran semangat kepada pasukan Nusalaut untuk menghancurkan musuh, jujaro itu telah memberi semangat kepada kaum perempuan dari Ulath dan Ouw untuk turut mendampingi kaum laki-laki di medan pertempuran. Baru di medan ini Belanda berhadapan dengan kaum perempuan fanatik yang turut bertempur. Pertempuran semakin sengit katika sebuah peluru pasukan rakyat mengenai leher Meyer, Vermeulen Kringer mengambil alih komando setelah Meyer diangkat ke atas kapal Eversten. Tanggal 12 Oktober 1817 Vermeulen Kringer memerintahkan serangan umum terhadap pasukan rakyat, ketika pasukan rakyat membalas serangan yang begitu hebat ini dengan lemparan batu, para Opsir Belanda menyadari bahwa persediaan peluru pasukan rakyat telah habis. Vermeulen Kringer memberi komando untuk keluar dari kubu-kubu dan kembali melancarkan serangan dengan sangkur terhunus. Pasukan rakyat mundur dan bertahan di hutan, seluruh negeri Ulath dan Ouw diratakan dengan tanah, semua yang ada dibakar dan dirampok habis-habisan. Martha Christina dan sang Ayah serta beberapa tokoh pejuang lainnya tertangkap dan dibawa ke dalam kapal Eversten. Di dalam kapal ini para tawanan dari Jasirah Tenggara bertemu dengan Kapitan Pattimura dan tawanan lainnya. Mereka diinterogasi oleh Buyskes dan dijatuhi hukuman. Karena masih sangat muda, Buyskes membebaskan Martha Christina Tiahahu dari hukuman, namun sang Ayah, Kapitan Paulus Tiahahu tetap dijatuhi hukuman mati.



Mendengar keputusan tersebut, Martha Christina Tiahahu memandang sekitar pasukan Belanda dengan tatapan sayu namun kuat yang menandakan keharuan mendalam terhadap sang Ayah. Tiba-tiba Martha Christina Tiahahu merebahkan diri di depan Buyskes memohonkan ampun bagi sang ayah yang sudah tua, namun semua itu sia-sia. Tanggal 16 Oktober 1817 Martha Christina Tiahahu beserta sang Ayah dibawa ke Nusalaut dan ditahan di benteng Beverwijk sambil menunggu pelaksanaan eksekusi mati bagi ayahnya. Martha Christina Tiahahu mendampingi sang Ayah pada waktu memasuki tempat eksekusi, kemudian Martha Christina Tiahahu dibawa kembali ke dalam benteng Beverwijk dan tinggal bersama guru Soselissa. Sepeninggal ayahnya, Martha Christina Tiahahu masuk ke dalam hutan dan berkeliaran seperti orang kehilangan akal. Hal ini membuat kesehatannya terganggu. Dalam suatu Operasi Pembersihan pada bulan Desember 1817 Martha Christina Tiahahu beserta 39 orang lainnya tertangkap dan dibawa dengan kapal Eversten ke Pulau Jawa untuk dipekerjakan secara paksa di perkebunan kopi. Selama di atas kapal ini kondisi kesehatan Martha Christina Tiahahu semakin memburuk, ia menolak makan dan pengobatan. Akhirnya pada tanggal 2 Januari 1818, selepas Tanjung Alang, Martha Christina Tiahahu menghembuskan nafas yang terakhir. Jenazah Martha Christina Tiahahu disemayamkan dengan penghormatan militer ke Laut Banda. Berdasarkan Surat Keputusan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 012/TK/Tahun 1969, tanggal 20 Mei 1969, Martha Christina Tiahahu secara resmi diakui sebagai Pahlawan Nasional.



Biography of Martha Christina Tiahahu Martha Christina Tiahahu (born in Nusa Laut, Maluku, January 4, 1800 - died in the Banda Sea, Maluku, January 2, 1818 at the age of 17) is a girl from Abubu Village on Nusalaut Island. Born around 1800 and at the time took up arms against 17-year-old Dutch colonizers. His father was Captain Paul Tiahahu, a captain from Abubu who was also assistant to Thomas Matulessy in the Pattimura war of 1817 against the Dutch. Martha Christina was listed as a unique freedom fighter who was a teenage princess who directly plunged into the battlefield against the Dutch colonial army in Pattimura war of 1817. Among the fighters and society up to the enemy, he was known as a brave and consistent girl against the ideals the ideals of his struggle. Since the beginning of the struggle, he always took part and never stepped back. With his long hair loose to his back and headbound a piece of red (rag) cloth he stays with his father in every battle both on Nusalaut Island and on Saparua Island. Day and night he was always present and participate in the



creation of the strongholds of defense. He not only took up arms, but also encouraged women in countries to help men in every battlefield so that the Dutch were overwhelmed by the struggling women. In a fierce battle in the village of Ouw - Ullath the southeastern island of Saparua that looks how great this srikandi pounded the enemy with the people fighters. But ultimately because of unbalanced weapons, enemy tricks and betrayals, warrior figures can be arrested and sentenced. Some had to be hanged and some were thrown into Java. Captain Paul Tiahahu was sentenced to death by a shoot-out. Martha Christina struggled to release her father from the death penalty, but she was helpless and continued her journey in the forest, but was eventually caught and exiled to the island of Java. At Eversten Warship, Martha Christina Tiahahu met her death and with military honor her body was launched in the Banda Sea ahead of January 2, 1818. Appreciating service and sacrifice, Martha Christina was confirmed as National Hero of Independence by the Government of the Republic of Indonesia.



Struggle Martha Christina Tiahahu was born in Abubu Nusalaut on January 4, 1800 was the eldest son of Capitan Paul Tiahahu and still 17 years old when following in the footsteps of his father leading the resistance on Nusalaut Island. At the same time Kapitan Pattimura was taking up arms against Dutch rule in Saparua. The resistance in Saparua spread to Nusalaut and the surrounding area. At that time some of the people's troops along with the Kings and Patih moved to Saparua to help the Kapitan Pattimura struggle so that the Dutch action that would take over Benteng Beverwijk escaped attention. Teacher Soselissa who sided with the Dutch made contact with the enemy on behalf of the people declaring surrender to the Dutch. October 10, 1817 Beverwijk fortress fell into the hands of the Dutch without a fight. While in Saparua fighting for the battle continues to flare up. Due to the diminishing supply of bullets and munitions the troops retreated to the mountains of Ulath-Ouw. There are also Martha Christina Tiahahu along with the Kings and Patih from Nusalaut. October 11, 1817 Dutch troops under the leadership of Richemont moved to Ulath, but successfully repelled by the people's army. With a force of 100 soldiers, Meyer and Richemont returned to Ulath. The battle raged again, casualties fell on both sides. In this battle Richemont was shot dead. Meyer and his troops stay on the rise of Ouw Country. From all corners of the people's army surrounded, cheering squads of talkative, shrieking cries breaking the air and making the feathers rise. In the midst of the ferocity of the battle came a teenage girl with some challenging enemy bullets. She is the daughter of Nusahalawano, Martha Christina Tiahahu, the long-haired srikandi loose to the back with a ragged cloth (red cloth) tied to her head. Accompanying his father and giving the Nusalaut forces an enchantment to destroy the enemy, the jujaro has encouraged the women of Ulath and Ouw to accompany the men on the battlefield. New in this field the Dutch are faced with fanatical women who participated in combat. Fierce battle when a folk bullet hit the neck of Meyer, Vermeulen Kringer took command after Meyer was appointed to the ship Eversten. On October 12, 1817 Vermeulen Kringer ordered a general offensive against the people's army, when the people's troops avenged this great attack by throwing stones, the Dutch officers realized that the stockpile of troops had been exhausted.



Vermeulen Kringer gave the command to get out of the camps and again launched an attack with bayonets unsheathed. The people's forces retreated and survived in the forest, the whole land of Ulath and Ouw was leveled with the ground, all that was burned and robbed. Martha Christina and the Father and several other fighters were caught and taken into the ship Eversten. Inside this ship the captives from South East Jasirah met with Kapitan Pattimura and other prisoners. They were interrogated by Buyskes and sentenced. Being so young, Buyskes frees Martha Christina Tiahahu from punishment, but the Father, Captain Paul Tiahahu is still sentenced to death. Hearing the decision, Martha Christina Tiahahu looked around the Dutch troops with a glazed but strong gaze indicating a deep renewed affection for Dad. Suddenly Martha Christina Tiahahu lay down in front of Buyskes begging forgiveness for her elderly father, but it was all in vain. On October 16, 1817 Martha Christina Tiahahu and her father were taken to Nusalaut and held in Beverwijk fortress while awaiting execution for her father. Martha Christina Tiahahu accompanied Father when he entered the execution site, then Martha Christina Tiahahu was brought back to Beverwijk Castle and lived with teacher Soselissa. After his father's death, Martha Christina Tiahahu came into the forest and wandered off like a lost person. This makes his health disrupted. In a Cleaning Operation in December 1817 Martha Christina Tiahahu and 39 others were caught and taken by Eversten ship to Java Island to be forcibly employed in coffee plantations. While on board the condition of Martha Christina Tiahahu's health is getting worse, she refuses to eat and treatment. Finally on January 2, 1818, after Tanjung Alang, Martha Christina Tiahahu breathed the last. Martha Christina Tiahahu's body was buried with military honor to the Banda Sea. Based on Presidential Decree No. 012 / TK / Year 1969, May 20, 1969, Martha Christina Tiahahu is officially recognized as a National Hero.