Carrier Aggregation [PDF]

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Carrier Aggregation Mobile Devices Solutions



Carl Anderson Sr. Business Development Manager



July 2014



Copyright© ANRITSU



Topics • • • • •



The Case for Carrier Aggregation Carrier Aggregation: Concepts, Drivers & Roadmap Network Deployment Options Overview of Carrier Aggregation in LTE-A Testing of Carrier Aggregation – Anritsu Solutions for LTE Carrier Aggregation • Conclusions and Q&A



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The Case for Carrier Aggregation Mobile Devices Solutions



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Mobile Data Usage



• Huge growth is predicted



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Spectrum Congestion • Technology is reaching the limits of spectral efficiency (bps/Hz) • Ever increasing user demand (applications) requires more bandwidth • Few areas with large contiguous blocks of spectrum – Mainly at frequencies greater than 3GHz



• Available “prime” spectrum is fragmented in small blocks



US Spectrum Allocation 300 MHz to 3 GHz



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Carrier Aggregation: Concepts, Drivers & Roadmap Mobile Devices Solutions



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Carrier Aggregation (CA) Concepts • Increasing RF and Baseband chipset integration opens the possibility to receive and transmit on more than one carrier simultaneously



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CA Drivers • Intra-band Contiguous aggregation driven by >5 MHz 3G licenses and spectrum becoming available from WRC07 – Scale to wider bandwidths while



Multi-Carrier UE



still supporting existing UEs on a single CC



• Inter-band aggregation driven by existing licenses, mergers and acquisitions, and digital dividend – Piece together spectrum to compete with carriers having contiguous spectrum



North American Licensed Spectrum



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CA Roadmap for LTE Release 12+ Release 11



1.4 – 40 MHz 1200 Mbps



Release 10



DOWNLINK



Release 8



1.4 – 20 MHz 300 Mbps 4 x 4 MIMO 4 Layers



1.4 – 40 MHz 600 Mbps



8 x 8 MIMO 8 Layers



4 x 4 MIMO 4 Layers



8 x 8 MIMO 8 Layers



Release 12+ Release 11



1.4 – 40 MHz 600 Mbps



Release 10 Release 8



UPLINK



1.4 – 100 MHz 3000 Mbps



1.4 – 20 MHz 75 Mbps SISO/SIMO 1 Layer



1.4 – 40 MHz 300 Mbps



4 x 4 MIMO 4 Layers



2 x 2 MIMO 2 Layers



1.4 – 100 MHz 1500 Mbps 4 x 4 MIMO 4 Layers



Note: Likely Peak Performance Indicated



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Industry and Certification Trends for CA Commercial Carriers



Deploying/PreCommercial



Trial/Planning: 30



…& 3 more in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia RFT-103 Carrier Aggregation



Certification Started



WI-162 E-UTRA Carrier Aggregation



Certification Start 2014



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Network Deployment Options Mobile Devices Solutions



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Network Deployment Options f1 f2



Intra-band Contiguous CCs



Diverse Coverage



Identical Coverage • Using wideband transceiver in the eNB



• Improve coverage at sector edges



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Network Deployment Options (continued)



f1 f2



Inter-band Non-Contiguous CCs



Remote Radio Heads



CA in a Heterogeneous Network



• High frequency carrier used to provide hotspots of greater capacity



• Pico-cells / femto-cells used to offload the macro-cell • Intra-cell interference coordination used to increase capacity



Note: Conceptual only. Distributed antennas not currently supported by 3GPP 13



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Carrier Aggregation in LTE-A Mobile Devices Solutions



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CA Band Notation and Rel. 11 Implementations • Format for CA Band Notation



Intra-Band Contiguous



Intra-Band Non-Contiguous



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Inter-Band



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CA Band Notation and Rel. 11 Implementations • Rel. 10 and 11 Examples



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CA UE Bandwidth Classes



Channel bandwidth BWChannel [MHz]



1.4



3



5



10



15



20



Transmission bandwidth configuration NRB



6



15



25



50



75



100



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CA Band/Bandwidth Class Combinations • Format for CA Band/Bandwidth Class Notation



Intra-Band Contiguous



Intra-Band Non-Contiguous



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Inter-Band



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CA Band/Bandwidth Class Combinations



• Rel. 10 and 11 Band/Bandwidth Combinations



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3 Carrier CA • 3GPP RAN 4 is working on 3 Carrier Combinations as well as FDD+TDD for Release 12



• The work needs to move to RAN5 and be finalized before test cases for these features are known 20



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LTE-A CA Overview • Uses R8/9 backward-compatible carriers as the basic building blocks • Signaling supports aggregation of up to 5 CCs in both UL and DL • One CC acts as the anchor (Primary) for mobility, others (Secondaries) are added/released through signaling on Primary • Supports Intra-band contiguous, non-contiguous, and Inter-band



• Supports use of Remote Radio Heads and Relay Nodes • Supports both symmetric and asymmetric aggregations Note: Although signaling supports up to 5 CCs, 3GPP Releases support specific configurations Release 10: In DL max 2 DL inter or intra-band contiguous or non-contiguous CCs, In UL max 2 intra-band contiguous CCs Release 11: In DL same as Rel10, In UL max 2 intra-band contiguous or non-contiguous CCs 21



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Changes from LTE to LTE-A •



Introduction of PDSCH-only downlink – Cross-carrier scheduling with Carrier Identifier Field (CIF) in PDCCH



•



Measurements



PCC – Primary Component Carrier SCC – Secondary Component Carrier



– New event A6 added for Scell change



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DRX – Added capability for S-Cell activation/deactivation



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BSR – New BSR table added to support higher data rates



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LTE-A Upper Layers



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NAS – No impact; only uses P-Cell



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RRC – New signaling for management of SCC – New measurement control



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PDCP/RLC – Same architecture but need to handle higher data throughputs



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LTE Categories



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Carrier Activation and DRX • Additional Scell CCs are Activated Through a MAC Control Element (CE) – CC is Available for Scheduling 8 Subframes Later



• Timer Starts on SCell Activation – If No Data is Scheduled by PDCCH for Timer Period, SCell is Deactivated



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Physical Layer Aspects of CA (1) • Downlink Channel Quality – CQI reported for each CC on the PUCCH or PUSCH if active



• Uplink Control Signaling – Rel. 8 HARQ bandwidth not adequate for additional CCs – PUCCH format 3 created to allow for 10 ACK/NACK bits (FDD)



• Uplink Channel Quality – Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) request and transmission on PCells and SCells enabled



• Uplink Transmit Power Control (TPC) – PUCCH and 1 or more PUSCHs can be power controlled independently – PDSCH TPCs on PDCCH of PCell or SCell



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Physical Layer Aspects of CA (2) • Downlink Radio Link Monitoring – UE evaluates Radio Link quality and failure through the Pcell – More effective to deploy Pcells as lower frequency in inter-band CA scenarios due to better propagation



• Timing and Synchronization – In the case of a co-located eNB, timing advance the same regardless of frequency (band)



• Cross-Carrier Scheduling – Decreases interference for HetNets – 3 Bit Carrier Indicator Field (CIF) Allows for Up to 7 Carriers



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RRC Layer Aspects of CA (1) • UE Capability Transfer Procedure – UE Category • CA support implied by cat. 6-8 - CA config signaled separately



– Cross-Carrier Scheduling Support – Simultaneous PUSCH and PUCCH TX • Supports simultaneous PUSCH and PUCCH on different CCs



– Supported Band Combinations • Support for specific frequency band and bandwidth comb.



– Event A6 Support • Neighbor PCell becomes stronger than a serving SCell by D



– SCell Addition During Handover to E-UTRAN



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RRC Layer Aspects of CA (2) • SCell Addition and Removal – SCells cannot be added immediately at RRC establishment • Added and removed through RRC Connection Reconfiguration procedure



– Since intra-LTE handover is treated as RRC Connection Reconfiguration, CA “handover” is possible



• Handover Procedures for CA are Largely the same as Release 8 and 9 – New event A6 when neighbor PCell becomes larger than service SCell • Handover to neighbor Pcell depending on network conditions



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Testing of Carrier Aggregation Mobile Devices Solutions



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Testing of Carrier Aggregation - High-Level Test Requirements • Potentially Large Numbers of Transmitters and Receivers – – – –



5 CCs with 8 x n MIMO with Handover => 80 Transmitters All may require independent up-conversion 5 CCs with n x 4 MIMO with Handover => 40 Receivers All may require independent down-conversion



• High Peak Data Rates – Up to 50K IP Packets/sec with some functions requiring processing per packet (e.g. ROHC) – e.g., Current solutions use 1Gbps Ethernet



• Logging – Tracing problems may require very smart search and filter tools – Logging at each layer can generate huge amounts of data



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Testing of Carrier Aggregation • Development Testing – – – –



New L1 and L2 features New RRC signaling High rate bearers New connected mode mobility permutations



• Conformance Testing – New RF tests for each band combination – New RRM tests for new measurement types – New Protocol tests for L2 extensions and for R10 RRC signaling



• Carrier Acceptance Testing – Operator specific band combinations – Device performance



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Device Test Market Model OEM Integration BB Chipset Development



OEM Factory Conf.& Carrier Acceptance Test



ODM UE Integration



EMS Factory



Carrier Distribution Consumer



Aftermarket Service



Alternate Channel Distribution/Integ.



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FDD TRX/Perf CA Test Examples – Inter-Band



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CA Signaling Test Examples



7.1.3.11



Addition of new CA test case: CA / Correct HARQ process handling / DCCH and DTCH / Pcell and Scell



7.1.4.21 CA / UE power headroom reporting / Extended PHR



Rel-10 Rel-10



7.1.9.1



CA / Activation/Deactivation of SCells / Activation/Deactivation MAC control element reception / sCellDeactivationTimer



Rel-10



8.2.2.3



CA / RRC connection reconfiguration / SCell addition/modification/release / Success



Rel-10



8.2.2.4



CA / RRC connection reconfiguration / SCell SI change / Success



Rel-10



8.2.2.5



CA / RRC connection reconfiguration / SCell Addition without UL / Success



Rel-10



8.2.4.17



CA / RRC connection reconfiguration / Handover / Success / PCell Change and SCell addition



Rel-10



8.2.4.18 CA / RRC connection reconfiguration / Handover / Success / SCell release



Rel-10



8.3.1.17



CA / Measurement configuration control and reporting / Intra E-UTRAN measurements / Event A6



Rel-10



8.3.1.18



CA / Measurement configuration control and reporting / Intra E-UTRAN measurements / Additional measurement reporting



Rel-10



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LTE Carrier Aggregation Solutions Chipset Design /



Integration /



Conformance



Core UE R&D



Functional Test



Test



MD8475A Signaling Tester (Application Test)



MT8820C Radio Communication Analyzer (UE Calibration and RF Parametric Test)



ME7873L RF/RRMConformance Test System



MS269xA & MS2830A Signal Analyzer



MD1230B Data Quality Analyzer



Production



MD8475A Signaling Tester (Application Test)



MD8430A Signaling Tester with RTD (L1/L2, Protocol Stack Test)



MG3710A Signal Generator



Carrier Acceptance Test (CAT)



ME7873L RF Conformance Test System



MT8820C Radio Communication Analyzer (RF Parametric Test)



MT8870A Universal Wireless Test Set (UE Calibration and RF Parametric Test)



ME7834L Mobile Device Test Platform ME7834L Mobile Device Test Platform



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MWC LTE Advanced CA Demos



2012 – Intra-Band CA with Signalion UEs



2013 – Inter-Band CA with Qualcomm FFA B4 + B17 Copyright© ANRITSU



MD8430A Carrier Aggregation Demos at MWC



2014 – Cat. 6 Inter-Band CA Intel 7260 Ref. Design



2012 – Intra-Band CA with Signalion UEs



2013 – Inter-Band CA with Ref. Design B4 + B17 Copyright© ANRITSU



Conclusions • Huge growth in mobile data usage is driving demand for more network capacity – Carrier Aggregation provides a highly flexible solution with excellent re-use of existing standards and an easy route to provide backwards compatibility with legacy devices



• Carrier Aggregation Drives Complexity in both the Wireless Device and Base Station Simulator (Test Equipment) • Anritsu Supports the Evolution to Carrier Aggregation with a Parallel Portfolio of Both HSPA and LTE Capabilities



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Thank You!



For more information on Anritsu’s products please visit:



www.anritsu.com or call



1-800-ANRITSU (267-4878)



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