Determination of Core Sample Absolute Permeability Using Gas Permeameter and Liquid Fluid Practicum Report [PDF]

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MODULE 4 DETERMINATION OF CORE SAMPLE ABSOLUTE PERMEABILITY USING GAS PERMEAMETER AND LIQUID FLUID PRACTICUM REPORT



Name



: Muhammad Aqsal Ilham



Group



: Wednesday2_Group2



Date of Practicum



: 13 Maret 2019



Submission date



: 19 Maret 2019



Lecturer



: Prof. Dr. Ir. Pudji Permadi



Assistant Module



: 1. Yesaya Arison Haratua 2. Rizky Arif Putra



12217033



12215027 12215065



PETROPHYSICS LABORATORY PETROLEUM ENGINEERING MAJOR INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG 2018/2019



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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Table of Contents…………………….……………………… ................................................ 2 Table List…………………………………………………………………..…. ...................... 3 Picture List…………..………………… ................................................................................. 4 CHAPTER I



INTRODUCTION.………………………………………………………. ... 5 1.1 Module Title..……………....................................................................... 5 1.2 Practical Work Objectives…………….. ................................................. 5 1.3 Fundamental Theory…………….. .......................................................... 5



CHAPTER II



DATA PROCESSING………. ...................................................................... 7



CHAPTER III ANALYSIS .……… ........................................................................... ……. 12 3.1 Assumptions...................................................................................... …. 12 3.2 Analysis ............................................................................................ …. 12 3.2.1 Analysis of Tools..................................................................... …. 12 3.2.2 Analysis of Practical Work...................................................... …. 13 3.2.3 Analysis of Result .................................................................... … 13 CHAPTER IV CONCLUSIONS…………….................................................................. …. 15 CHAPTER V IMPRESSION AND SUGGESTION…………….. ................................ …. 16 References



……………………….............................................................................. …. 17



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TABLE LIST Table 2.1 Qgas Data…..…………………………………………….



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Tabel 2.2 Data PERL……………………………………………….



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Table 2.3 Kabs P-200 Data………………………………………………………………………………………



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PICTURE LIST Picture 2.1 Kabs vs 1/Pavg PERG-200………………………………….



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Picture 2.1 Q vs P…………………….………………………………….



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Picture 2.3 Kabsolute PERL-200…………….………………………….



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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 MODULE TITLE The title of the experiment we did was " DETERMINATION OF CORE SAMPLE ABSOLUTE PERMEABILITY USING GAS PERMEAMETER AND LIQUID FLUID". 1.2 PRACTICAL WORK OBJECTIVES a. Understand the principles and work methods of the PERG-200 Gas Permeameter and PERL-200 devices in determining absolute permeability. b. Determine the absolute permeability of a core sample with PERG-200 Gas permeameter and tool PERL-200. c. Understand the concept of permeability and its application in the petroleum engineering environment. 1.3 FUNDAMENTAL THEORY The absolute permeability of a rock is the ability of a rock to pass a fluid when the rock is fulfilled by the fluid passing through it without damage structure of these rocks. A rock that has porosity does not necessarily have permeability. This is because permeability depends on the porous rocks related, but usually the price of absolute permeability of a rock on the fluid that passes but depends on the rock itself, so that the fluid whatever is used to measure the price of absolute stability will ideally be produce the same price. Determination of permeability by using liquid fluid has advantages over gas fluid because it does not need to be corrected against the Klinkenberg Effect. The physical nature of this rock is this was originally discovered by Henry Darcy, a French scientist. On in principle, the difference in pressure on the upstream and downstream sides of the core sample will cause fluid to flow, but the thing that is noteworthy is inside determination of absolute permeability, porous media must be 100% saturated first by fluid that will pass. This trial uses two tools, namely 1. Gas Permeameter tool (PERG 200) to calculate the iron beam speed absolute by applying Darcy's law 𝑄=



𝑘𝐴∆𝑃 𝜇𝐿 5



Absolute permeability is determined by measuring the passing inert gas flow rate a core sample at different inlet-outlet pressure differences. 2. The PERL-200 device works by using two fluids inside, water / brine dry gas to determine the liquid permeability of a core plug digitally.



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CHAPTER II DATA PROCESSING 2.1 Data A. PERG-200 Gas Permeameter µgas



= 0.018 cp Pup (psig)



Pup(atm)



Qgas (cc/min)



18



2.2



271.8



15



2



214.8



12



1.8



161.1



9



1.6



113.1



6.1



1.4



69



Table 2.1 Qgas Data d1



= 2,67 cm



d2



= 2,57 cm



d1



= 2,57 cm



L1



= 3,36 cm



L2



= 3,37 cm



L3



= 3,34 cm



d= 2,603 cm



L = 3,357 cm



B. PERL-200 Volume fluids = 10 mL Viskosity



= 1 cp



d1



= 2,505 cm



d2



= 2,54 cm



d1



= 2,5 cm



L1



= 3,2 cm



L2



= 3,1 cm



L3



= 3,05 cm



d (diameter core) = 2,515 cm



L (panjang core) = 3,117 cm



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Pressure



Time (s)



(psi) 0.8



1.35



1.4



1.1



2.38



0.75



Tabel 2.2 Data PERL



2.2 Calculation A. PERG-200  Area 1 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑑 2 4 1 𝐴 = 𝜋(2.515 𝑐𝑚)2 = 5.32 𝑐𝑚2 4  P Average 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑔−1 =



2.2+1 2



𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑔−2 = 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑔−3 = 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑔−4 = 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑔−5 =



2+1



=1.5atm



2



1.8+1 2



1.6+1 2



1.4+1 2



=1.6 atm



=1.4 atm =1.3 atm =1.2 atm



 Absolute Permeability(Kabs) 𝑘𝑎𝑏𝑠 =



2000 × 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑔 × 𝑄𝑔 × 𝜇𝑔 × 3.36 2 (𝑃𝑈𝑝𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑚 − 1) × 𝐴



𝑘𝑎𝑏𝑠−1 =



2000 × 1.6 × 271.8 × 0.018 × 3.36 (2.2^2 − 1) × 5.32



𝑘𝑎𝑏𝑠−2 =



2000 × 1.5 × 214.8 × 0.018 × 3.36 (2^2 − 1) × 5.32



𝑘𝑎𝑏𝑠−3 =



2000 × 1.4 × 161.1 × 0.018 × 3.36 (1.8^2 − 1) × 5.32



𝑘𝑎𝑏𝑠−4 =



2000 × 1.3 × 113.1 × 0.018 × 3.36 (1.6^2 − 1) × 5.32



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𝑘𝑎𝑏𝑠−5 =



2000 × 1.2 × 69 × 0.018 × 3.36 (1.4^2 − 1) × 5.32



Pupstream (psig)



Q(cc/s)



Kabs (mDarcy)



18



271.8



2.575



15



214.8



2.442



12



161.1



2.289



9



113.1



2.143



6.1



69



1.961



Tabel 2.3 Kabs P-200 Data With plotting Kabs and 1/Pavg



Kabs vs 1/Pavg 3



Kabs



2 1



2



2



2



2



2



1 1 0 0



50



100



150



200



250



300



Axis Title Series2



Picture 2.1 Kabs vs 1/Pavg PERG-200 From Linear Regression, I got equation Y=4,3983-2,9324X So, Kabs = 4,3983 Darcy



And then we do plotting between Q and Pupstream



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Q vs Pupstream 3



Pupstream



2 2 1 1



0 0



50



100



150



200



250



300



Q Series2



Picture 2.1 Q vs P After do regression, we get equation Y=1,15+(3,93x10-3)X 𝐿∗𝜇 = 3,93𝑥10^(−3) 𝐾𝑎 ∗ 𝐴 𝐿∗𝜇 𝐾𝑎 = 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛 ∗ 𝐴 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛 =



𝐾𝑎 =



3,357 ∗ 0,018 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛 ∗ 5.32 =2.89 Darcy



B. PERL-200  Area 1 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑑 2 4 1



= 4 𝜋2.5152 = 4.97  Absolute Permeability 𝑘𝑎𝑏𝑠 =



𝑉×µ×𝐿 𝑃×𝑡×𝐴



𝑘𝑎𝑏𝑠−1 =



10×1×3.117 0.8 ×1.35×4.97 14.72



=



85,48 mD



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𝑘𝑎𝑏𝑠−2 = 𝑘𝑎𝑏𝑠−3 =



10×1×3.117 1.4 ×1.1×4.97 14.72



=



59.95 mD



=



51,72 mD



10×1×3.117 2.38 ×0.75×4.97 14.72



Series 1 100 80 60 40 20 0 0.8



1.4



2.38



Series 1



Picture 2.3 Kabsolute PERL-200 Kavg=65.72 Darc



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CHAPTER III ANALYSIS 3.1 ASSUMPTIONS In this module experiment, there are several assumptions used:. a) No energy is lost when N2 gas flows into the fancher core holder. b) The core used is dry c) The size of the sample core used at the time of the test is really right with stopper size (cores are in good condition) d) Downstream pressure and measured discharge are constant at time e) data is considered correct. f) Assume the effect of gas slippage is ignored g) The core sample is completely saturated As for the use of the Darcy equation, additional assumptions are used so that the Darcy equation can apply, namely:  At the time of testing the core is only fed by 1 phase fluid  Gas is in an isothermal state.  Incompressible fluid  Laminar (Viscous flow) fluid flow  The fluid is Newtonian fluid.  Flowing fluid does not react with core rock samples (inert gas)  Steady state fluid flow 3.2 ANALYSIS 3.2.4 Analysis of Tools In this experiment, the PERL-200 was used. The working principle of this tool uses Darcy's law. This tool provides inlet pressure data provided by injecting gas outside and outlet pressure which is directly connected to the atmosphere. This tool provides a volume of fluid that flows with an interval of time. By knowing the viscosity of water and core size can be determined the permeability of this core.



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The other main tool is The Permeameter gas, PERG-200, is specifically designed to assist universities and other teaching institutions with the hands on instruction process. The PERG-200 provides a modern state of the art measuring instrument that allows the student to go through the measurement process in a structured transparent method. This instruction-focused design allows the student to build on his basic knowledge of permeability. The instrument is based on Darcy’s law and allows the student to make permeability to gas measurements on core plugs. Calipers are used to measure the diameter and height of iron balls and core samples. This tool has a precision of 0.01 mm. 3.2.5 Analysis of Practical Work The first activity of this practicum is pre-test. Pre-test is all about permeability, like Klinkenberg effect, determining permeability, etc. And then, we do tool test. In tool test we talk about the tool, concept, and etc. then, we do he experiment. First we measure absolute permeability with the PERL-200 . After being measured and conducted an experiment, it turns out that the core we use has very high permeability. We measure he permeability only in low Pressure. Then experiment with the PERG-200, we cannot do he experiment because he tools are damaged. And the equipment that is not damaged must not be used because it used only for research.



3.2.6 Analysis of Result At PERG calculation, we get absolute permeability of the core is 4.4 Darcy, while absolute Permeability using Q vs Pup stream is 2.89 Darcy. In accordance with Darcy's equation that Q is proportional to straight with 𝑃. When we see at the plot graph between P vs Q and Kabs vs 1/Pang , the regression results are different but we can say that plot the graph Q vs P much better than the k vs 1 / Pavg plot, because gradient Q vs P is positive which means P produced will always be positive, but different from the plot graph k vs 1 / Average, the gradient is negative and this is clearly wrong, it should be a gradient the result is positive because if the gradient is negative then one time the value of y (kabs) can reach a negative value for certain P. 13



From PERL data and calculation above, we get absolute permeability of the core in average is 65.72 Darcy. According to the theory, change of P will not affect the permeability, because Permeability is not influenced by the physical properties of fluid, rock size, and the amount of pressure applied to the fluid. Darcy's legal behavior on a fluid results in the nature of permeability as an intrinsic characteristic of rocks, meaning that it is specific.. But in this experiment, there are some different that make K different in other P. this can happen because other factor



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CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION 1. The principle used in the experiment with the PERL-200 tool to obtain the permeability value of abosolute core plug with fluid is to use Darcy's law, namely the difference in upstream and downstream pressure, fluid viscosity, fluid volume, fluid flow time, and core size can determine absolute permeability values from this core. The PERG-200 (Gas Permeameter) tool is a device used to determine absolute permeability by flowing a gas (𝑁2) into the fancher core the holder with adjustable pressure will then issue a flow discharge read on the tool. The principle, which is measuring the relationship of Q to difference in flow pressure to determine the absolute permeability of the core using Darcy's Law principle with the Permeameter Gas tool under conditions standard (inert gas, dry and good cores, single fluid). 2. Absolute permeability of core samples with a PERG-200 is 4.4 Darcy and 2.89 Darcy With PERL-200 absolute permeability is 65.72 Darcy. 3. He application of permeability in petroleum engineering is can know the hydrocarbon production process



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CHAPTER V SUGGESTIONS For practical work I hope the PERG-200 tool is fixed so we can use it to do the experiment. For assistant I think for assistant is good because not giving hard question and help us when hard practicing the experiments



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REFERENCES Amyx, James W. 1960. Petroleum Reservoir Engineering, Physical Properties, New York : McGraw-Hill Book Company Tim Penyusun Modul Praktikum. (2019). Buku Petunjuk Praktikum. Bandung : Bandung Institute of Technology Latifa, Zilva Rifanti. 2014. Catatan Kuliah Petrofisika. Bandung : Bandung Institute of Technology



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