Ganga social science guide (TM) [1 ed.] [PDF]

Citation preview

Namma Kalvi www.nammakalvi.org



r@f mwptpay; bjhFjp ? 1



10 2019?2020 g[jpa ghlj;jpl;lj;jpd;go



,ytrk; tiugl gapw;rp g[j;jfk; SRI GANGA PUBLICATIONS (A UNIT OF



SHYAMALA GROUP)



Corporate Office : Registered Office : No. 1, Sugar Mill Colony, Salai Kumaran illam, Madurai Road, Tirunelveli - 627001. Phone : 0462 - 233 8899 / 233 8484 Mobile : 94431 58484 / 95978 39822 Email : [email protected]



New No. 59, 4th Avenue, Opp. to Govt. Boys Hr. Sec. School, Ashok Nagar, Chennai - 600 083. Phone : 044 - 2474 4484 Mobile : 94421 58484 / 94425 58484 Email : [email protected]



Website : www.suryapublications.in



tpiy:



`160/-



www.nammakalvi.org



bghUslf;fk; myF



jiyg;g[



gf;fk;



tuyhW 1



1



Kjy; cyfg;nghhpd; btog;g[k; mjd; gpd;tpist[fSk;



2



,U cyfg;nghh;fSf;F ,ilapy; cyfk;



19



3



,uz;lhk; cyfg;nghh;



35



4



,uz;lhk; cyfg;nghUf;Fg; gpe;ija cyfk;



52



5



19Mk; E}w;whz;oy; r@f/ rka rPhj ; pUj;j ,af;f=;fs;



67



g[tpapay; 1



,e;jpah ? miktplk;/ epyj;njhw;wk; kw;Wk; tofhyikg;g[



81



2



,e;jpah ? fhyepiy kw;Wk; ,aw;ifj; jhtu=;fs;



103



3



ntshz;ikf; TWfs;



124



4



ts=;fs; kw;Wk; bjhHyf=;fs;



149



5



,e;jpah ? kf;fs; bjhif/ nghf;Ftuj;J/ jfty; bjhlh;g[ kw;Wk; tzpfk;



166



Foikapay; 1



,e;jpa murpayikg;g[



188



2



kj;jpa muR



203



3



khepy muR



219



bghUspay; 1



bkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jp kw;Wk; mjd; tsh;rr; p: Xh; mwpKfk;



237



2



cyfkakhjy; kw;Wk; th;j;jfk;



249



www.nammakalvi.org Nh;ah



10 r@f mwptpay;



tuyhW



bjhFjp ? 1



1



tuyhW



myF



Kjy; cyfg;nghhpd; btog;g[k; mjd; gpd;tpist[fSk;



1



gapw;rp I.







1.







rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjL.







Kjy; cyfg;nghhpd; ,Wjpapy; epiyFiye;J nghd @d;W bgUk; nguuRfs; ahit> m) b$h;kdp/ M!;jphpa?\=;nfhp/ cJkhdpah;M) b$h;kdp/ M!;jphpa?\=;nfhp/ u&;ah ,) !;bgapd;/ nghh;r;Rfy;/ ,j;jhyp



m) bly;tpy;yp















M) Mu+;R ehL







,) mnlhth







m) rPdh











M) $g;ghd;















,) bfhhpah



m) bydpd;











M) khh;f;!;















,) rd; ahl; brd;







m) Mfhag; nghh;Kiw ,) ePh; @H;fpf; fg;gy; nghh;Kiw



























M) gJ=;Ff; FHpg;nghh;Kiw



m) gphpl;ld; ,) b$h;kd;



























M) gpuhd;!;















,uz;lhk; fpk;







M) tlbfhhpa mjpghpd; bjw;Fg;g[w vjphp ahh;>











rp=;bkd; hP







,) bfhhpag; nghh; vj;jid fhyk; ePoj;jJ>











@d;W Mz;Lfs;















mstpl Koahj mst[ kdpj caphpHg;g[ Vw;gl;lJ.







3.



mzpnruh ,af;fk; m) mzpnruh ,af;fj;jpd; Kjy; khehL v=;nf vg;nghJ eilbgw;wJ>















1961 ? bgy;fpnuL







M) Kjy; khehl;oy; fye;J bfhz;l Kf;fpag; gpuKfh;fs; ahth;>











ol;nlh (a[nfh!;nyhtpah)/ ehrh; (vfpg;J)/ neU (,e;jpah)/ Ef;Ukh (fhdh)/ Rfh;nzh (,e;njhnd&pah)







,) mzpnruh ,af;fj;jpd; Fwpf;nfhs;fs; vd;d>











fhydpa Mjpf;fKk; Vfhjpgj;jpaKk; vt;totk; vLj;jhYk; mij vjph;jJ epw;gJ vd;W Kot[ bra;jd.







,kakiyapy; njhd;Wk; MWfspd; rpwg;g[ ,ay;g[fs;. h ,kakiyapy; cw;gj;jpahfpd;wd. h ePskhdit kw;Wk; mfykhdit h tw;whj ejpfs; h ePh;kpd; cw;gj;jp bra;a ,ayhj epiy h Mw;wpd; kj;jpa kw;Wk; fPH;epiy gFjpfs; nghf;Ftuj;jpw;F Vw;wJ. h



h



h



h



h



12.







,kakiyapd; Kf;fpa fztha;fs; ahit> h h h h h



fhunfhuk; fztha; ($k;K?fh&;kPh;) b$h&pyh fztha; rpg;fpyh fztha; (,khr;ry; gpunjrk;) bghkpoyh fztha; (mUzhr;ry gpunjrk;) ehJyh kw;Wk; b$sg;yh fztha; (rpf;fpk;)



h



h



h



h



h



VI.



xU gj;jpapy; tpilaspf;ft[k;.



1.



tl ,e;jpa bgUk; rkbtspapd; gphpt[fis tpthp. m) ,uh$!;jhd; rkbtsp:















h h h



,uh$!;jhd; rkbtsp Muty;yp kiyj;bjhlUf;F nkw;fpy; Vwj;jhH 1/75/000 rJu fp.kP gug;gstpy; gutpa[s;sJ. ,r; rkbtsp Y}dp kw;Wk; kiwe;J nghd ru!;tjp MWfspd; got[fshy; cUthfpa[s;sJ. gy cg;g[ Vhpfs; ,uh$!;jhd; rkbtspapy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. b$a;g;g{Uf;F mUfpy; cs;s rhk;ghh; Vhp (m) (g[&;fh; Vhp) mtw;Ws; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;.



h







h







h



M) g+;rhg; ? \hpahdh rkbtsp:



h h h



Vwj;jhH 1.75 yl;rk; rJu fpnyh kPl;lh; gug;gsitf; bfhz;l g+;rhg; \hpahdh rkbtspfs; ,e;jpa ghiytdj;jpd; tlfpHf;nf mike;Js;sd. ,r;rkbtsp rl;by$; gpah!; kw;Wk; uhtp MWfspdhy; Vw;gLk; got[fshy; cUthdJ. ,r;rkbtsp ePh;gphp nklhft[k; f=;if/ aKid/ aKid?rl;by$; Mw;wpilr; rkbtspahft[k; cs;sJ.



h







h











h



,)



f=;ifr; rkbtsp:







h



h



f=;ifr; rkbtsp nkw;fpYs;s aKid Mw;wpypUe;J fpHf;fpYs;s t=;fhsnjrk; tiu Rkhh; 3.75 rJu yl;rk; fpnyh kPl;lh; gug;gsitf; bfhz;Ls;sJ. 











h



h



f=;ifa[k; mjd; Jiz MWfshd fhf;fuh/ fhz;lf;/ nfhrp/ aKid/ rhk;gy;/ bgl;th nghd;witfSk; mjpf mstpy; tz;ly; got[fisg; goa itj;J ,e;jpahtpd; kpfg;bghpa rkbtspia cUthf;fpa[s;sd. f=;if rkbtsp fpHf;F kw;Wk; bjd;fpHf;F nehf;fp bkd; rhpthf mike;Js;sJ.



h







h