Grlweap14 Guide [PDF]

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GRLWEAP14 - Introduction



Quality Assurance for Deep Foundations



Brent Robinson, Ph.D., P.E. [email protected]; [email protected] www.pile.com | [email protected] Pile Dynamics, Inc. 2021



Developments 1800s 1850s 1950: 1960s 1976: 1980s: 1986: 96, 06, 16: 1998: 2005: 2010: 2021:



Closed Form Solutions First Energy Formula Smith’s Wave Equation Dynamic Testing and CAPWAP WEAP, TTI GRLWEAP Hammer Performance Study FHWA Driven Pile Manual updates Software released on windows Inclusion of SA for WEAP CPT, API static Analysis + Offshore Version GRLWEAP 14 www.pile.com | [email protected]



Energy Formula Energy of the Hammer



Energy into the soil



E.A.L. Smith stated in his 1962 ASCE paper on Wave Equation  that the editors of Engineering‐News Record had more than 450  different dynamic formulas on file. www.pile.com | [email protected]



WAVE EQUATION OBJECTIVES Smith’s Basic Interest: • Replace Energy Formula • Use improved models



• elastic pile • elasto-plastic static resistance • Viscous dynamic (damping) resistance



• Allow for realistic stress calculations



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Main Menu The program represents a major rewrite since the program was updated from DOS to windows Workflow is very similar with some notable differences



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GRLWEAP14 Hammer Selection Hammer Model Database of hammers similar to previous version (ID, Maker, etc.) Hammer must be added to the analysis Allows the user to select multiple hammers for one pile/soil combination!



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GRLWEAP14



Hammer Parameters Hammer Parameters unchanged But…



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What does hammer efficiency mean? EP = WR h EP = WR h η EK = ½ mR vi2 mR = WR / g EP = EK 



(potential, ideal) (η = Hammer efficiency )



WR



vi



WR



(kinetic energy) 



𝑖



 



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WP



h



GRLWEAP hammer efficiencies ηh = Ek/EP • The hammer efficiency reduces the impact velocity of the ram; it is based on experience • Hammer efficiencies cover all losses which cannot be calculated • Diesel hammer energy loss due to precompression or cushioning can be calculated and, therefore, is not covered by hammer efficiency www.pile.com | [email protected]



Hammer Options Stroke Settings Note that fuel settings can be adjusted to unique values for individual hammers



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Main Menu Pile / Cushion Pile Properties and hammer cushion properties are largely unchanged from the previous version [F3] will still call the: • Drive system database • Area calculator • Cushion material properties database Note the ability to model incline from the MM www.pile.com | [email protected]



Pile Input The Pile Input button opens up the realm of nonuniform piles



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Pile Profile Customize… Opens the Pile Table For those who prefer the traditional entry method



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Pile Builder Similar to the way the Offshore pile builder worked User builds a non-uniform pile segment by segment Each segment will allow for changes in properties (like a tapertube)



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GRLWEAP14 Capacity Selection Bearing Graph capacities unchanged • Increment • Interpolate • Auto Populate



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GRLWEAP14 Main Menu Some things missing from the Main Menu Screen: • The choice in switching from a simple, variable or detailed resistance distribution • The option to switch from a uniform, non-uniform, or two pile analysis (latter was rarely used) Note: these features are still in the program, but just not as prominent. www.pile.com | [email protected]



Main Menu Soil Parameters Note the ability to define a soil distribution shape is now removed from the program The program forces the user to create a basic soil profile or create a relative distribution • Requires more engineer input • Allows program to choose recommended quake and damping values www.pile.com | [email protected]



Soil Input Options The program forces the user to create a basic soil profile or go to the trouble of creating a relative distribution Greatly Expanded Static Analysis Options • FHWA • •



Nordlund Tomlinson



• API2 •



CPT based analysis



• Alme and Hamre (A&H) •



CPT based analysis www.pile.com | [email protected]



Resistance Distribution To define: • Triangular distribution •



Choose two layers with 0, 1 



• Constant distribution •



Choose two layers with 1, 1



Note for a standard bearing graph it is far more important to model the appropriate: • Resistance distribution • Toe quake • Shaft damping www.pile.com | [email protected]



Static Analysis Options SA, ST, etc. largely unchanged Note that you can adjust the water table from the main window without having to use the settings



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Quick Output A quick output can be viewed by clicking the button. The user needs to hit the button to re-analyze the solution



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Analyze and got to Output Analyze and got to output button Analyzes the current solution and goes directly to output



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Output Bearing Graph Review results Output is created in the reporting options



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Output Variable vs time Ability to change plots Copy/paste data Right-click over graph or table



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Output Extrema Results Copy/paste data Right-click over graph or table



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Output Summary Report Will include the: • Bearing graph • Hammer summary • Quake damping • Graphic display of the resistance dist • Table • FOR ALL HAMMERS



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Output Standard Report Will Include: • Bearing Graph • Table summary • Soil profile table showing SA • Pile Profile Table • Hammer and drive system summary tables • Relative dist table



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Output Numeric Output Output show much clearer organization allowing user to navigate to desired capacity/depth



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Don’t Do it!



Do this  instead



BIG Reminder!!! Out of habit, existing users will be tempted to hit the X to close the output window but this is actually the program, not an external window.



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Driveability Switching over to drivability again controls are very similar to before



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Driveability S1 table is now showing details similar to what we are used to in the previous program



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Driveability Depth Table is simplified Allows the user to switch hammers during a driveability analysis But where are the hammer property options?



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Driveability



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Driveability Allows for different settings for various depths as we are used to



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GRLWEAP14 – Static Analysis Options



Quality Assurance for Deep Foundations



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Foundation  Design



Soil Borings



Geotech



Driveability



GRLWEAP



Analysis



Static Soil Resistance Analysis



Bearing Graph



Foundation/ Pile Type (Local ) Experience



Pile Testing www.pile.com | [email protected]



GRLWEAP 14 Soil Resistance Methods 4 Existing methods



8 New - GW14 - methods



• • • •



• API2



ST: Soil Type (Density and Stiffness) SA: N, φ, Su (β-Method?) API: Soil type, φ, Su Schmertmann CPT



• • • • •



Soil type: φ, Su Simplified ICP-05 University of Western Australia UWA-05 Fugro-05 Norwegian Geotechnical Institute NGI



• FHWA/DRIVEN • Nordlund • Tomlinson



• A&H Friction Fatigue Method www.pile.com | [email protected]



Soil Resistance Calculation For Bearing Graph:



For Driveability:



1. Relative shaft  resistance distribution 2. % shaft resistance 3. Other Parameters  (Averaged)



1.



Accurate Statice Resistance Calculation (12 Methods) SRD Determination



2. 1. 2.



3.



Setup Factor Friction Fatigue



Other Parameters (Each Layer)



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The Background Report – Part 2



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The Background Report – Part 2



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GW 14 SA Change For known φ end bearing now calculated after Fellenius (2014).  See Background, Part 2 Before: φ  SPT-N  qtoe = 200 N (kPa) Now:



φ  Nt  qtoe = Nt po’



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The FHWA/DRIVEN Method Encompasses two Methods  Tomlinson for clay  Nordlund for sand  The Manual on the Design and Construction of DRIVEN Piles describes both methods  A DRIVEN soil resistance program was written for FHWA by others both for design and input generator to GRLWEAP  In the early days of the Manual, Tomlinson and Nordlund were the best available for typical relatively small land piles. www.pile.com | [email protected]



FHWA/DRIVEN – Nordlund Sand bearing layer Example 27GWA c



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FHWA/DRIVEN – Nordlund Sand bearing layer



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FHWA/DRIVEN – Nordlund



LT Shaft Resistance  at 10, 20 , 30, 40, 50 ft depth Scale normalized. www.pile.com | [email protected]



Static Resistance to Driving Soil Resistance  Analysis  LTSR



Friction Fatigue 3 Choices



Standard Setup



SRD  Driveability Analysis



The idea behind friction fatigue: the longer a pile shaft  has moved through a layer, the more the layer loses  shaft resistance.



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Friction Fatigue Options GRLWEAP 14 offers 3 ways of applying FF 1. Choose Alm and Hamre analysis, enter CPT, choose soil layers (e.g., automatically). 2. Externally calculate A&H parameters, copy and paste. 3. Perform any SRA other than A&H, choose non-standard fsu, shape factor, Limit length; hope for the best or obtain local experience (compare with driving logs).



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Difference between Setup and FF Analysis Standard Setup



For each layer: SRD = LTSR/fsu



The resistance of a soil layer is  uniformly reduced by its fsu



Friction Fatigue



Typically for long offshore piles



SRD equivalent to Rex Rresidual