İngilizce Full [PDF]

Table of contents :
2000-2005 ÖSS Yabancı Dil Testleri İngilizce (600)
2000 ÖSS Yabancı Dil Testi İngilizce
2001 ÖSS Yabancı Dil Testi İngilizce
2002 ÖSS Yabancı Dil Testi İngilizce
2003 ÖSS Yabancı Dil Testi İngilizce
2004 ÖSS Yabancı Dil Testi İngilizce
2005 ÖSS Yabancı Dil Testi İngilizce
2006 ÖSYM İngilizce Sınavları (940)
2006 KPDS İngilizce Full
2006 KPDS Mayıs
2006 KPDS Kasım
2006 KPDS Mayıs Cevap Anahtarı
2006 KPDS Kasım Cevap Anahtarı
2006 KPSS İngilizce
2006 KPSS İngilizce
2006 KPSS İngilizce Cevap Anahtarı
2006 TUS İngilizce Full
2006 TUS Nisan İngilizce
2006 TUS Eylül İngilizce
2006 TUS Nisan İngilizce Cevap Anahtarı
2006 TUS Eylül İngilizce Cevap Anahtarı
2006 ÜDS Ekim Full
2006 ÜDS Ekim Fen Bilimleri
2006 ÜDS Ekim Sağlık Bilimleri
2006 ÜDS Ekim Sosyal Bilimler
2006 ÜDS Mart Full
2006 ÜDS Mart Fen Bilimleri
2006 ÜDS Mart Sağlık Bilimleri
2006 ÜDS Mart Sosyal Bilimler
2007 ÖSYM İngilizce Sınavları (940)
2007 KPDS Kasım İngilizce
2007 KPDS Mayıs İngilizce
2007 KPSS İngilizce
2007 TUS İngilizce
2007 ÜDS Ekim Full
2007 ÜDS Mart Full
2007 ÜDS Mart Fen Bilimleri
2007 ÜDS Mart Sağlık Bilimleri
2007 ÜDS Mart Sosyal Bilimler
2008 ÖSYM İngilizce Sınavları (940)
2008 KPDS İngilizce Full
2008 KPDS Mayıs İngilizce
2008 KPDS Kasım İngilizce
2008 KPSS İngilizce
2008 KPSS İngilizce
2008 KPSS İngilizce Cevap Anahtarı
2008 TUS İngilizce Full
2008 TUS Nisan
2008 TUS Eylül
2008 TUS Nisan Cevap Anahtarı
2008 TUS Eylül Cevap Anahtarı
2008 ÜDS İngilizce Full
2008 ÜDS Ekim Sağlık Bilimleri
2008 ÜDS Ekim Sağlık Bilimleri
2008 ÜDS Ekim Sağlık Bilimleri Cevap Anahtarı
2008 ÜDS Ekim Sosyal Bilimler
2008 ÜDS Ekim Sosyal Bilimler
2008 ÜDS Ekim Sosyal Bilimler Cevap Anahtarı
2008 ÜDS Mart Sağlık Bilimleri
2008 ÜDS Mart Sağlık Bilimleri
2008 ÜDS Mart Sağlık Bilimleri Cevap Anahtarı
2008 ÜDS Mart Sosyal Bilimler
2008 ÜDS Mart Sosyal Bilimler
2008 ÜDS Mart Sosyal Bilimler Cevap Anahtarı
2008 ÜDS Mart ve Ekim Fen Bilimleri
2008 ÜDS Mart Fen Bilimleri
2008 ÜDS Ekim Fen Bilimleri
2008 ÜDS Mart Fen Bilimleri Cevap Anahtarı
2008 ÜDS Ekim Fen Bilimleri Cevap Anahtarı
2009 ÖSYM İngilizce Sınavları (1040)
2009 KPDS İngilizce Full
2009 KPDS Mayıs İngilizce
2009 KPDS Kasım İngilizce
2009 KPSS İngilizce Cevap Anahtarı
2009 KPSS İngilizce
2009 ÖSS YDS İngilizce
2009 TUS İngilizce Full
2009 TUS Nisan İngilizce
2009 TUS Eylül İngilizce
2009 TUS Nisan İngilizce Cevap Anahtarı
2009 TUS Eylül İngilizce Cevap Anahtarı
2009 ÜDS İngilizce Full
2009 ÜDS Ekim Fen Bilimleri
2009 ÜDS Ekim Sağlık Bilimleri
2009 ÜDS Ekim Sağlık Bilimleri Cevap Anahtarı
2009 ÜDS Ekim Sosyal Bilimler
2009 ÜDS Mart Fen Bilimleri
2009 ÜDS Mart Fen Bilimleri Cevap Anahtarı
2009 ÜDS Mart Sağlık Bilimleri
2009 ÜDS Mart Sosyal Bilimler
2010 ÖSYM İngilizce Sınavları (1020)
2010 KPDS Aralık İngilizce
2010 KPDS Mayıs İngilizce
2010 KPSS İngilizce
2010 LYS İngilizce
2010 LYS İngilizce
2010 LYS İngilizce Cevap Anahtarı
2010 TUS İngilizce Full
2010 TUS Nisan İngilizce
2010 TUS Aralık İngilizce
2010 TUS Nisan İngilizce Cevap Anahtarı
2010 TUS Aralık İngilizce Cevap Anahtarı
2010 ÜDS İngilizce Full
2010 ÜDS Aralık İngilizce Fen Bilimleri
2010 ÜDS Aralık İngilizce Fen Bilimleri Cevap Anahtarı
2010 ÜDS Aralık İngilizce Sağlık Bilimleri
2010 ÜDS Aralık İngilizce Sosyal Bilimler
2010 ÜDS Mart İngilizce Fen Bilimleri
2010 ÜDS Mart İngilizce Sağlık Bilimleri
2010 ÜDS Mart İngilizce Sosyal Bilimler
2010 ÜDS Mart İngilizce Sosyal Bilimler Cevap Anahtarı
2011 ÖSYM İngilizce Sınavları (880)
2011 KPDS Mayıs İngilizce
2011 KPSS İngilizce
2011 LYS İngilizce
2011 TUS İngilizce Full
2011 TUS Mayıs İngilizce
2011 TUS Eylül İngilizce
2011 ÜDS Ekim Fen Bilimleri İngilizce
2011 ÜDS Ekim Sağlık Bilimleri İngilizce
2011 ÜDS Mart Fen Bilimleri İngilizce
2011 ÜDS Mart Sağlık Bilimleri İngilizce
2011 ÜDS Mart Sosyal Bilimler İngilizce
2011 ÜDS Ekim Sosyal Bilimler İngilizce
2011 KPDS Kasım İngilizce
2011 ÜDS Ekim Sosyal Bilimler Cevap Anahtarı
2011 KPDS Kasım İngilizce Cevap Anahtarı
2012 ÖSYM İngilizce Sınavları (780)
2012 KPDS Full
2012 KPDS Mayıs İngilizce
2012 KPDS Kasım İngilizce
2012 KPDS Mayıs İngilizce Cevap Anahtarı
2012 KPDS Kasım İngilizce Cevap Anahtarı
2012 LYS İngilizce
2012 ÜDS Full
2012 ÜDS Ekim İngilizce Fen Bilimleri
2012 ÜDS Ekim İngilizce Sağlık Bilimleri
2012 ÜDS Ekim İngilizce Sosyal Bilimler
2012 ÜDS Mart İngilizce Sağlık Bilimleri
2012 ÜDS Mart İngilizce Sosyal Bilimler
2012 ÜDS Mart İngilizce Fen Bilimleri
2012 ÜDS Mart İngilizce Sosyal Bilimler Cevap Anahtarı
2012 ÜDS Mart İngilizce Fen Bilimleri Cevap Anahtarı
2012 KPSS İngilizce
2012 KPSS İngilizce Cevap Anahtarı
2013 ÖSYM İngilizce Sınavları (240)
2013 LYS İngilizce
LYS-5 İNG CEVAP ANAHTARI
2013 YDS Eylül İngilizce
2013 YDS Nisan İngilizce
2014 ÖSYM İngilizce Sınavları (240)
2014 Nisan YDS İngilizce
2014 Eylül YDS İngilizce
2014 Nisan YDS İngilizce Cevap Anahtarı
2014 Eylül YDS İngilizce Cevap Anahtarı
2014 LYS İngilizce
2015 ÖSYM İngilizce Sınavları (240)
2015 YDS Eylül İngilizce
2015 LYS İngilizce
2015 YDS Nisan İngilizce
2015 LYS İngilizce Cevap Anahtarı
2015 YDS Nisan İngilizce Cevap Anahtarı
2016 ÖSYM İngilizce Sınavları (240)
2016 YDS Eylül İngilizce
2016 YDS Mart İngilizce
2016 LYS İngilizce
2016 YDS Mart İngilizce Cevap Anahtarı
2016 LYS İngilizce Cevap Anahtarı
2017 ÖSYM İngilizce Sınavları (240)
2017 LYS İngilizce
2017 YDS Nisan İngilizce
2017 YDS Eylül İngilizce
2018 ÖSYM İngilizce Sınavları (320)
2018 YDS Aralık İngilizce
2018 YDS Nisan İngilizce
2018 YDS Eylül İngilizce
2018 YKS YDT İngilizce
2018 YDS Eylül İngilizce Cevap Anahtarı
2018 YKS YDT İngilizce Cevap Anahtarı

Citation preview

YABANCI DİL TESTİ



İNGİLİZCE YABANCI DİL TESTLERİNİN CEVAP ANAHTARLARI BİRBİRİNDEN FARKLIDIR. YABANCI DİLİNİZİ CEVAP KÂĞIDINIZDA AYRILAN YERE İŞARETLEMEYİ UNUTMAYINIZ. 1.



Cevap kâğıdında, sınav yabancı dilinizi (İNGİLİZCE) işaretlemeyi unutmayınız.



2.



Bu testten alacağınız standart puan, Yabancı Dil Ağırlıklı ÖSS Puanınızın hesaplanmasında 1,8 katsayısı ile çarpılacaktır.



3.



Bu testte 100 soru vardır.



4.



Cevaplamaya istediğiniz sorudan başlayabilirsiniz.



5.



Sayfalar üzerindeki boş yerleri müsvedde için kullanabilirsiniz.



4. The survivors of the shipwreck who were able to reach the land, decided to ---- a fire and wait to be rescued.



1.-18. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yere uygun düşen kelime ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



A) make



1. Several of my friends have entered the ----, but none of them expects to win. A) performance



B) application



D) responsibility



D) set



B) sensitive



D) reliable



C) show E) put



C) competition



E) vacancy



2. He’s a terribly ---- person and never thinks at all of the needs or the wishes of other people. A) nervous



B) do



5. The melting of all the ice mass in the Arctic would ---- the sea level by several metres.



C) extravagant



A) establish



E) selfish



B) preserve



D) restore



C) raise



E) spoil



3. As she grew older, it became ---- difficult for her to do the shopping. A) eventually



B) increasingly



D) adequately



6. I couldn’t ---- why they were shouting so loudly.



C) doubtfully



A) set up



E) reluctantly



B) keep up



D) make out



C) rely on E) put off



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



40



7. During recent years, many people ---- interested in Turkish music.



11. This is the first time you have ever driven a car, ----?



A) might become



B) are becoming



A) is this



B) hasn’t it



C) had become



D) would become



C) isn’t it



D) have you



E) have become



E) aren’t you



8. If I ---- you were on your own, I ---- you to come round here for the day. A)



knew / have asked



B)



have known / will have asked



12. I enjoyed this book so much; I want to read another by ---- author. A) such



B) similar



D) a certain



C) same E) the same



C) had known / would have asked D) would know / had asked E)



know / will ask



9. I hope that, by next summer, I ---- up enough money to go to Italy for a holiday.



13. A woman from Denmark has recently moved ---- the flat ---- mine.



A) will have saved



B) would have saved



A) up / in



B) into / next to



C) would save



D) have saved



C) to / at



D) about / in front of



E) had saved



E) through / above



10. Sally worked all the weekend to finish the project in time, but actually she ---- so. A)



couldn’t have done



B)



wouldn’t have done



C)



doesn’t have to do



D)



may not do



E)



needn’t have done



14. The film “Brave Heart” is ---- long. It lasts ---three hours. A) rather / for



B) too / on



D) very / at



C) quite / in



E) so / into



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



41



15. ---- appearing every four to seven years as it used to, “El Nino” has now been appearing consecutively for a number of years. A) On account of



B) In view of



C) Because of



D) In case of



19.-24. sorularda, cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.



19. Surely that’s the boy ----.



E) Instead of



A)



that his sister won the painting competition



B)



who sang so beautifully at the concert last night



C) unless he sent us the heavy box D) whether his bicycle has been repaired E)



which everyone is talking about



16. You can look at this plan for the new sports centre ---- closely ---- you like but I don’t think you will be able to understand it. A) as / as



B) so / that



C) such / that



D) more / than E) just / as



20. He simply wanted to know ----.



17. The Great Pyramid of Khufu, ---- is near Cairo, is one of the most famous monuments in the world. A) who



B) where D) whom



D) The other / mine



how far away we are moving



E)



though everyone else had already eaten



21. ----, there is enough food and water for everyone.



18. ---- bicycles are all red, ---- is the only blue one.



C) Ours / hers



B)



D) as if all the buses went past the town hall



E) what



B) Others / his



whether I had been to see Jane



C) which team has won



C) which



A) Theirs / yours



A)



E) Your / him



A)



If they had used their resources properly



B)



Though nature would have been spoiled



C)



Unless we take care of our green fields



D)



If we learned to respect the environment



E)



Provided that they are used well



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



42



22. Since the bus broke down just outside Bursa, ----. A)



there wouldn’t be another bus for an hour



B)



there was still snow by the side of the road



C) we were late for our appointment in Ankara



25. Kenya, a country famous for its safaris and coffee, is situated on the east coast of Africa.



D) it was particularly cold that night E)



25.-32. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümlenin Türkçe dengini bulunuz.



some people would even blame the driver



A)



Safarileri ve kahvesiyle bilinen ve bir Afrika ülkesi olan Kenya, kıtanın doğu kıyısında yer alır.



B)



Afrika’nın doğu kıyısında yer alan Kenya, hem safarileri hem de kahvesiyle ünlü bir ülkedir.



C) Safarileri ve kahvesiyle ünlü bir ülke olan Kenya, Afrika’nın doğu kıyısında yer alır. D) Kenya, safarileri ve kahvesiyle tanınan bir ülke olarak Afrika’nın doğu kıyısında bulunmaktadır. E)



Afrika’nın doğu kıyısında bulunan Kenya, safarileri ve kahvesiyle ünlü bir ülke olarak bilinmektedir.



23. ---- unless you are interested in psychology. A)



He’s thinking of going to a psychiatrist



B)



This is the book you’ve suggested



C)



You could solve your problems



D)



There is no point in reading that book



E)



This book will be very useful for you



26. The Suez Canal, which connects the Mediterranean and the Red Sea, was designed and built by the French engineer De Lesseps. A)



Akdeniz ile Kızıl Deniz’i birleştiren Süveyş Kanalı, Fransız mühendis De Lesseps tarafından tasarlanmış ve inşa edilmiştir.



B)



Fransız mühendis De Lesseps’in tasarlamış ve inşa etmiş olduğu Süveyş Kanalı, Akdeniz ile Kızıl Deniz’i birleştirir.



C) Süveyş Kanalı’nı tasarlayıp inşa eden Fransız mühendis De Lesseps, Akdeniz ile Kızıl Deniz’i birleştirmeyi amaçlamıştır. 24. ---- why she was looking so upset. A)



There is nothing to be ashamed of



D) Süveyş Kanalı’nın Fransız mühendis De Lesseps tarafından tasarlanıp inşa edilmesiyle, Akdeniz’in Kızıl Deniz ile birleşmesi sağlanmıştır.



B)



I really didn’t know



E)



C) We are all extremely worried



Akdeniz ile Kızıl Deniz’in birleşmesi, Fransız mühendis De Lesseps’in Süveyş Kanalı’nı tasarlayıp inşa etmesiyle olmuştur.



D) There wasn’t an explanation E)



Nobody had understood



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



43



27. In exploring the seas for oil, geologists primarily search for the salt domes under which vast oil fields are likely to lie. A)



29. Cancer of the throat is more likely to occur in heavy smokers than in non-smokers.



Petrol bulmak için denizleri tarayan jeologlar, her şeyden önce, altında çok geniş petrol alanlarının uzayıp gittiği tuz tepeciklerini incelerler.



A)



Gırtlak kanseri, sigara içenlerde, sigara içmeyenlere göre daha çok ortaya çıkmaktadır.



B)



Sigara içmeyenlerin, sigara içenler kadar gırtlak kanserine yakalanma olasılığı her zaman vardır.



B)



Denizlerde petrol arayan jeologlar, her şeyden önce, altında geniş petrol yataklarının uzandığı sanılan tuz tepeciklerini araştırırlar.



C)



Gırtlak kanserinin sigara tiryakilerinde ortaya çıkması, sigara içmeyenlere göre daha fazla muhtemeldir.



C)



Jeologlar, denizlerde yaptıkları petrol arama çalışmalarında, öncelikle, altında çok geniş petrol yataklarının bulunduğu tuz tepeciklerine yönelirler.



D)



Sigara tiryakilerinin gırtlak kanserine yakalanma ihtimalinin, sigara içmeyenlere göre daha çok olduğu bilinmektedir.



D)



Altında çok geniş petrol yataklarının bulunduğu tahmin edilen tuz tepecikleri, denizlerde petrol arayan jeologların öncelikle araştırdığı alanlardır.



E)



Gırtlak kanserinin sigara tiryakilerinde görülme oranı, sigara içmeyenlere göre çok daha yüksektir.



E)



Jeologlar, petrol için denizleri araştırırken, öncelikle, altında muhtemelen geniş petrol alanlarının uzandığı tuz tepeciklerini ararlar.



30. Don Quixote, one of the greatest classics of European literature, is still appreciated by the present day reader due to its rich narrative style. 28. In her short stories that are set in the Southern states at about the turn of the century, Katherine Anne Porter describes a way of life that is gone.



A)



Avrupa edebiyatının en büyük klasiklerinden biri olan Don Kişot, zengin anlatım tarzı sayesinde günümüz okuyucusu tarafından hâlâ takdir edilmektedir.



B)



Klasik Avrupa edebiyatının en büyük eserlerinden biri olan Don Kişot, zengin anlatımıyla günümüz okurundan da takdir görmektedir.



A)



Katherine Anne Porter, Güney eyaletleri ile ilgili kısa öykülerinde, yüzyılın başlarında geçen bir yaşamdan söz eder.



B)



Katherine Anne Porter, yüzyılın başlarında Güney eyaletlerinde geçen kısa öykülerinde, kaybolmuş bir yaşam biçimini anlatır.



C)



Katherine Anne Porter, Güney eyaletleri ile ilgili kısa öykülerinde, yüzyılın başlarına dayanan bir yaşam biçimini tasvir eder.



Avrupa edebiyatının en büyük klasiklerinden Don Kişot, zengin anlatım tarzıyla tüm okuyucuların ilgisini çekmektedir.



D)



Zengin anlatım tarzıyla Avrupa edebiyatının en büyük klasiklerden biri olan Don Kişot, günümüz okuyucusu tarafından hâlâ sevilerek okunmaktadır.



E)



Zengin anlatım tarzı okuyucular tarafından takdir edilen Don Kişot, Avrupa edebiyatının en büyük klasiklerinden biridir.



C)



D)



Katherine Anne Porter’ın kısa öykülerinde tasvir edilen yaşam, yüzyılın başlarında Güney eyaletlerinde geçer.



E)



Yüzyılın başlarında Güney eyaletlerinde geçen yaşam biçimi, Katherine Anne Porter’ın kısa öykülerinde anlatılmaktadır.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



44



31. It is estimated that over half a billion people consume insufficient calories to maintain normal growth and health. A)



B)



33.-40. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümlenin İngilizce dengini bulunuz.



Yarım milyar kadar kişinin, sağlıklı gelişimini sürdürürken, yetersiz kalori kullandığı belirlenmiştir.



33. Onun, ne yaptığımı ya da niçin beni çağırtmış olduğunu hatırladığını sanmıyorum.



Yarım milyara yakın insanın, normal gelişimini devam ettirirken, yetersiz kalori harcadığı varsayılmaktadır.



C)



Yarım milyar kişinin, normal gelişimini ve sağlığını sürdürürken, yetersiz kalori aldığı bildirilmiştir.



D)



Yarım milyardan fazla insanın, normal gelişimini ve sağlığını sürdürmek için yetersiz kalori tükettiği tahmin edilmektedir.



E)



Yaklaşık yarım milyar insanın, normal gelişimi ve sağlığı için yetersiz kalori harcadığı belirlenmiştir.



32. Under the burning sun of the Mediterranean basin, the ancient Greeks, Romans and Egyptians harvested salt through evaporation from the sea, on a scale sufficient for their daily needs. A)



Akdeniz bölgesinin yakıcı güneşi altında, eski Yunanlılar, Romalılar ve Mısırlılar, günlük gereksinimlerini karşılamak amacıyla buharlaştırma yöntemiyle denizden tuz üretiyorlardı.



B)



Eski Yunanlılar, Romalılar ve Mısırlılar, Akdeniz havzasının kızgın güneşi altında, denizden buharlaştırma yoluyla, günlük gereksinimleri için yeterli ölçüde tuz elde ediyorlardı.



I don’t think he recognised me or remembered why he’d sent for me.



B)



I don’t expect him to remember who I was or why he called me.



C)



I don’t think he can remember what I’ve done and why I have been called for.



D)



I don’t expect him to remember what I’d done and why I’d been sent for.



E)



I don’t think he remembered what I had done or why he had sent for me.



34. Özellikle Afrika’da ve Doğu’da, okuma yazması olmayan, ancak yüzlerce dizeli bir şiiri ezberden okuyan insanlarla karşılaşmak, çoğu kez bizi şaşırtmıştır.



C) Eski Yunanlılar, Romalılar ve Mısırlılar’ın, günlük gereksinimlerini karşılamak için, Akdeniz bölgesinin yakıcı güneşi altında, buharlaştırma yoluyla denizden tuz ürettikleri bilinmektedir. D) Günlük gereksinimlerini karşılamak için eski Yunanlılar, Romalılar ve Mısırlılar, Akdeniz’in kızgın güneşi altında, buharlaştırma yöntemiyle, denizden yeterince tuz elde edebiliyorlardı. E)



A)



A)



We have frequently been astonished to meet people, especially in Africa and the East, who are illiterate, and yet who recite from memory a poem of hundreds of verses.



B)



We are often surprised at how many illiterate people we meet, especially in Africa and the East, who are able to recite a poem with hundreds of verses.



C) We have frequently come across illiterate people in Africa and the East who can recite hundreds of poems, and we are still astonished at it. D) It’s hardly surprising that the illiterate people of Africa and the East, in particular, are frequently to be found reciting poems with hundreds of verses. E)



Akdeniz havzasının yakıcı güneşi altında, günlük tuz gereksinimlerini karşılamak için eski Yunanlılar, Romalılar ve Mısırlılar buharlaştırma yöntemini kullanmışlardır.



It is the illiterate people of Africa and the East, in particular, who, not surprisingly, have learned by heart poems with hundreds of verses.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



45



35. Şurada bir grup gençle konuşan adam, bu ülkenin İkinci Dünya Savaşı’ndan beri sahip olduğu en iyi siyasetçilerden biridir.



37. Kamyon sürücüsü olarak edindiği deneyimleri ona, çalışan çeşitli tipteki insanları şiirlerinde anlatma fırsatını verdi.



A)



The man those young people have joined is probably about the best politician this country has produced since World War II.



A)



Various types of working class people are described in his poems which are related to his experiences as a truck driver.



B)



That man over there, with a group of youngsters, has been in politics since World War II, and has done the country a lot of good.



B)



While he was a truck driver, he began to write poems in which he described his experiences with various types of working people.



C)



The man over there, talking to a group of young people, is one of the best politicians this country has produced since World War II.



C)



His poems are usually about his experiences with the various types of working people he met during his years as a truck driver.



D)



The man talking to those young people over there has been involved in politics since World War II, and has done much good in the country.



D)



His experiences as a truck driver brought him close to working class people, and so he could describe them in his poems.



E)



One of the best politicians this country has produced since World War II is standing over there talking to a group of young people.



E)



His experiences as a truck driver gave him the opportunity to describe, in his poems, various types of working people.



36. Thomas Wolfe, ilk romanının 1929’da yayımlanması üzerine, kendi kuşağının en çok gelecek vaat eden yazarlarından biri olarak görüldü.



38. Dünyanın en önde gelen dilbilimcilerinden biri olan Eugene A. Nida, ilkel toplulukların dilleri ve lehçeleri alanında uzmanlaşmıştır. A)



Eugene A. Nida, one of the foremost linguists in the world, has specialised in the field of the languages and dialects of primitive communities.



Upon the publication, in 1929, of his first novel, Thomas Wolfe was considered to be one of the most promising writers of his generation.



B)



The famous linguist Eugene A. Nida is especially interested in the field of the languages and dialects of primitive communities.



C)



As soon as his first novel was published in 1929, Thomas Wolfe was acclaimed as one of the best writers of his generation.



C)



D)



With his first novel, which was published in 1929, Thomas Wolfe won the respect of his own generation and the next one.



One of the best linguists in the world is Eugene A. Nida, who has specialised in the field of the languages and dialects of primitive communities.



D)



E)



One of the most promising writers of this generation was Thomas Wolfe, whose first novel was published in 1929.



His specialisation in the field of the languages and dialects of primitive communities is what has put Eugene A. Nida among the foremost of the world’s linguists.



E)



One of the best-known linguists in the world is Eugene A. Nida since he has specialised in the field of the languages and dialects of primitive communities.



A)



When his first novel was published in 1929, Thomas Wolfe was regarded as one of the most talented writers of his generation.



B)



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



46



39. Hindistan, Batılı ülkelerin çoğundan farklı olarak, çeşitli dillere ve kültürlere sahip bir ülkedir.



41. We learn from the passage that, contrary to what a lot of people expect, ----.



A)



Contrary to what is believed in most western countries, there are many different languages and cultures in India.



B)



Unlike the majority of western countries, India is a country which has varied languages and cultures.



C)



Most western countries lack the variety that is to be found in the languages and cultures of India.



D)



India is a country with varied languages and cultures, which makes it unlike the majority of western countries.



E)



The western countries are unlike India because of their varied languages and cultures.



A)



life on a submarine is extremely rewarding for the crew



B)



submarines have every imaginable facility for entertaining the crew



C) boredom is a major problem for the crew of a submarine D) there is comparatively little work to be done on a submarine E)



the officers on a submarine share the same duties as the other members of the crew



42. The writer of the passage emphasises that, on a submarine, ----.



40. Şirketimiz, tüm bölümlerinde güvenliği sağlamak için özel bir sistem geliştirdi. A)



Our company has developed a special security system to suit each of its departments.



A)



there is every opportunity for officers to have a pleasant life



B)



In order to maintain security in all its departments our company is developing a special system.



B)



every member of the crew helps to prepare the meals



C) everyone works six hours a day



C) The special security system developed by our company will be used in all its departments.



D) life never gets boring for the crew



D) Our company has developed a special system to maintain security in all of its departments. E)



E)



everything is to be done faultlessly



Our company maintains that the special security system it has developed is suitable for all its departments.



43. It is clear from the passage that it is almost impossible ----. 41.-43. soruları, aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Life on a submarine may, to many people, sound fascinating. However, it is, in fact, horribly boring. Except for the commanding officers, a day aboard a submarine consists of six hours on duty, six hours off, day after day, for months. This being the case, every effort is made to ensure that the lives of the men are as pleasant as possible. The meals are exceptionally good, and there is a daily film, shown at a specific time, on television around the submarine. In return, the crew is always expected to perform perfectly all the time. A mistake is quite unforgivable. In fact, a favourite saying is “There’s room for everything on a submarine except for a mistake”.



A)



to make life aboard a submarine fully fascinating



B)



for officers to establish a friendship with other members of the crew



C) for everyone to be aware of night and day D) for the commanding officers to make a mistake E)



for any member of the crew to be on duty more than six hours



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



47



46. It is pointed out in the passage that, so long as there is a chance for a film to be truly successful, ----.



44.-46. soruları, aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. As Orson Welles said: “to practise his art, a poet needs a pen, and a painter a brush. But a film-maker needs an army of actors, actresses and supportstaff”. Orson Welles learned the hard way that all this costs a fortune. Few film directors are rich enough to finance their own films, and even fewer have the desire to take such a risk. Therefore, directors are dependent on film studios for the financing of their films. This has caused a certain tension between directors and film studios because film studios use their money to try to control the films they finance. If a film, while it is being made, starts to become too expensive, the studio has to make a choice: it must either cancel the making of the film and lose all the money already invested in it, or go on investing heavily and hope the film will really be a great success.



involves a series of problems, one of which is the casting of actors and actresses



B)



is extremely expensive when compared with other forms of art



C)



is a business which depends more on finance than on talent



D)



is an industry which is almost always financially successful



E)



aims at making a good profit rather than giving entertainment



directors and studios will have no excuse for any disagreements



B)



some directors may choose to finance their films themselves



C)



other studios will gladly pour in more money in the hope of making very high profits



D)



actors and actresses will perform to the best of their ability



E)



the studio will often be prepared to put more money into the making of it



47.-49. soruları, aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



44. It is suggested in the passage that film-making ----. A)



A)



Some 130 million years ago, a spike-backed dinosaur walked heavily through the wilderness of what came to be Australia, and left its footprints as a gift for the future. They were the world’s best impressions of a dinosaur’s two-ton footfalls. When they were found seven years ago in a remote valley in northern Australia, they provided scientists with the first clear evidence that dinosaurs had lived in Australia. This discovery provided further evidence for the theory that Australia was once joined to a vast super-continent that included what is now South America, Africa, India and Antarctica.



45. According to the passage, film studios and directors often disagree ----.



47. It is clear from the passage that, millions of years ago, Australia ----.



A)



over the choice and number of actors, actresses and support-staff for each film



B)



over whether a film is likely to succeed and make a profit



C)



since each is always dependent upon the other for success



D)



because a studio won’t always allow a director to do what he wants to do



E)



even though there is no financial problem facing them



A)



was undoubtedly the only suitable place in the world for the survival of dinosaurs



B)



was almost certainly not, as it is today, a separate continent



C) was, for the first time, inhabited by a large variety of dinosaurs D) was for the most part a wilderness where no living being could survive E)



with its geography and climate resembled South America and Africa



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



48



48. The passage makes it clear that the dinosaur footprints discovered in Australia in recent years ----. A)



are the same as those also found in South America, Africa, India and Antarctica



B)



have little attracted many a scientist interested in the distant past of the continent



C)



could only have been made by dinosaurs weighing a lot more than two tons



D)



are in surprisingly good condition although millions of years have passed since they were made



E)



have made scientists revise the most recent theories concerning dinosaurs



50. It is clear from the passage that the family described here ----. A)



isn’t used to going out for the day like this



B)



very rarely has a day out together



C)



seldom takes a bus at weekends



D)



is clearly a very rich one



E)



knows how to share its duties



51. We understand from the passage that, although these parents have six children, ----.



49. One reason why the discovery in Australia of the dinosaur footprints is so important is that, ----. A)



previously, no one knew for certain whether this country had ever been inhabited by dinosaurs



B)



contrary to the popular view, this continent had always been a vast wilderness



C)



until this discovery, nothing was known about the early climate of this continent



D)



presumably, they will provide clues for future geological changes in this continent



E)



up to this point, no one knew for sure that dinosaurs could weigh two tons



A)



they spend very little time with them



B)



they don’t really seem to care about them



C)



they are reluctant to spend much money on them



D)



it seems that life has not aged them



E)



it is the four smaller ones that they are most fond of



52. From the passage we can conclude that the narrator ----.



50.-52. soruları, aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. For most people, being a member of a large family is sometimes hard. Usually there isn’t enough money, so everyone has to do without various things. There are, however, certain advantages; in fact, there are probably more advantages than disadvantages. The other day I saw a family setting off on a day out. The parents, who looked remarkably young themselves, were carrying various bags. The biggest child, who was perhaps fifteen, carried a football. His sister, perhaps two years younger, carried what looked like the family lunch. The four smaller children also had things to carry. The youngest of them carried a toy bear that was almost as big as herself. The family were catching a bus and looked so contented. I wished I could have gone with them wherever they were going.



A)



himself comes from a large family



B)



is very critical of large families



C)



is more interested in the parents than in the children



D)



feels sorry because the children have all got things to carry



E)



seems to favour large families



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



49



55. We learn from the passage that Mrs Gaskell uses the story of Margaret Hale to ----.



53.-55. soruları, aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



Mrs Gaskell was a nineteenth-century English novelist. She wrote social novels, the most famous of which were Mary Barton and North and South. The first, which is set in Manchester, an industrial city in the north of England, vividly describes the terrible conditions of the working class, which she knew at first hand. It is a powerful novel that made a considerable impression upon readers in nineteenthcentury England. The other novel, North and South, contrasts two regions of England, through its heroine Margaret Hale, who leaves southern England to live in the industrial north. Both these novels present a balanced view of social problems in this period of English history.



A)



show how the living conditions in the north were far better than those in the south



B)



illustrate the differences between the north and south of England



C)



draw attention to the special problems of young women in nineteenth-century England



D)



tell the story of her own life in Manchester



E)



stress that there were good working opportunities for the young in the north of England



56.-58. soruları, aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. 53. As it is pointed out in the passage, both in Mary Barton and in North and South, Mrs Gaskell ----. A)



is mainly concerned with the conditions of working life in the industrial north of England



B)



tells the tragic story of a young country girl called Margaret Hale



C)



compares the working conditions of men and women in southern England



D)



failed to capture the interest of readers in her time



E)



shows how the conditions of the English working class were improving in the nineteenth century



John Steinbeck grew up in California and went to university there, and studied marine biology. He worked at various jobs before he rose to fame in the 1930s with his novels about farm workers. In his novels, his approach is realistic and he shows a great deal of sympathy for his characters who are mostly poor and oppressed. We see this in The Grapes of Wrath, which is one of his best-known novels, and has been made into a film and also staged in the theatre.



56. We learn from the passage that Steinbeck ----. 54. We understand from the passage that the manner, in which Mrs Gaskell approached the working conditions of her time, ----.



A)



was primarily concerned in his writings with the problems American society was facing in the 1930s



B)



wrote only one major novel, which is The Grapes of Wrath



A)



is generally regarded now as being unfair



B)



was disliked by her readers



C)



was more critical in Mary Barton than in North and South



D)



was not one-sided



D) wrote almost all of his major works during the 1930s



E)



was not based on fact



E)



C) used California as the setting for all his works



was originally trained as a scientist, but he turned to literature



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



50



57. We understand from the passage that the people Steinbeck describes in his novels ----. A) B)



59. The passage puts forward the idea that, even though the printed book continues to be popular, ----.



usually have a background of economic and social hardships do not really represent the agricultural community of California



A)



it will soon be completely replaced by the electronic book



B)



the electronic book may well be on its way in



C) work in a wide variety of jobs in California



C) it is no longer as popular as it used to be



D) are on the whole content with the kind of life they have



D) fewer books are being sold than formerly



E)



fail to arouse the reader’s sympathy



58. It is clear from the passage that Steinbeck’s famous novel, The Grapes of Wrath, ----.



E)



compared with the electronic book, it is very expensive



60. In this passage, the author suggests that, in spite of technological advances, some people ----.



A)



was, much to the surprise of Steinbeck himself, an immediate success



A)



are dissatisfied at the rising prices of printed books



B)



was only popular as a book and as a film, during the 1930s



B)



still regard Gutenberg as the leading figure in book technology



C) was adapted for the stage, but enjoyed little success in the theatre



C) will be reluctant to give up the printed book and turn to the electronic one



D) has appealed not only to the general reader, but also to film and stage directors



D) find it difficult to buy the kind of book they are looking for



E)



E)



has had a lasting effect on its readers, though it is the least realistic



realise that books published in our time are not as well-made as those in the past



59.-61. soruları, aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. 61. It is clear from the passage that Gutenberg’s invention of the printing press ----.



Reading on paper is so much a part of our lives that it is hard to imagine anything could ever replace the printed books we are used to. Before printed books came in, books had to be copied by hand; this was obviously a slow process and very expensive. Once Gutenberg had invented an economical way to make th movable letters in the 15 century, it became possible to produce reading material quickly, comparatively cheaply and in large quantities. Since then, the printed word has become a permanent part of our everyday lives. So, how could anyone believe that sales of electronic books will equal those of paper books within a decade or so? Still, some people think that they will.



A)



was the only major technological advance in the th 15 century



B)



did not have any noticeable effect upon the prices of books



C) did not put an end to the practice of copying books by hand D) failed to spread the love of reading among ordinary people E)



increased the speed at which books could be produced



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



51



65. I used to play basketball several times a week while I was at university.



62.-68. sorularda, verilen cümleye anlamca en yakın olan cümleyi bulunuz.



62. Sally made her own costume for the school play, but she was the only one to do so. A) B)



Sally was the only one who helped to make the costumes for the school play.



When I was a university student, it was my habit to play basketball a few times a week, but now I don’t.



B)



It was during my university years that I got used to playing basketball at least three times a week.



C) I don’t play basketball now as often as I did when I was at university.



Sally helped to make the costumes for the school play, but no one else did.



D) During my university years, I started to play basketball two or three times a week, but I don’t any longer.



C) Sally made the costume she wore in the school play herself, but none of the others made theirs.



E)



D) Except for Sally, no one helped to make the costumes for the school play. E)



A)



It was when I was at university that I took up basketball and played several times a week.



It was only Sally who needed a special costume for the school play; none of the others did. 66. As there was a great deal of traffic on the roads, the journey took us longer than we had expected.



63. Most of the students had worked hard and so they did quite well in the examination.



A)



There was a lot of heavy traffic on the roads, so we had to go slowly.



B)



In spite of the heavy traffic, the journey took hardly any longer than we had expected.



A)



Most students work hard before an examination and so do well.



C) We were surprised at how long it took us to get there as there was so little traffic.



B)



A majority of the students got good grades in the examination as they had prepared well for it.



D) The journey was over fairly quickly considering how much traffic there was.



C) The students who do best in an examination are the ones who work hardest.



E)



The journey turned out to be much longer than we’d foreseen, owing to the heavy traffic.



D) Quite a lot of the students did very well indeed in the examination. E)



Almost all of the hard-working students got very high grades in the examination.



67. You knew I needed your help this weekend, so you shouldn’t have promised to go out with your friends.



64. The last time I saw my cousin he was only five years old. A)



I haven’t seen my cousin for five years.



B)



It’s five years since I last saw my cousin.



A)



You’d promised to help me this weekend, so I don’t see how you can agree to go off with your friends like that.



B)



Why did you arrange to go out with your friends over the weekend while you said you would help me?



C) I suppose you’ve arranged to go off with your friends this weekend because you didn’t want to help me though you had promised to!



C) The last time I saw my cousin was five years ago. D) I haven’t seen my cousin since he was a 5-year-old child.



D) It was not right for you to promise your friends that you’d go out with them this weekend since you knew I had to have some help from you.



E)



E)



I still haven’t seen my cousin who is now five years old.



When you agreed to go out with your friends this weekend, had you forgotten you’d promised to help me?



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



52



68. This material is suitable for students of eighteen years and up. A)



The material is suitable for students who are over eighteen.



B)



The material may be suitable for students of over eighteen years of age.



70. Flooding is an environmental disaster that may have substantial and long-lasting chemical effects. There are many possible sources of chemical contamination during and after a flood. ----. Chemicals released into the environment may have a variety of adverse ecological effects. These effects can be long-term or short-term in the normal functioning of the ecosystem.



C) Students of eighteen years and over can use this material.



A)



These include dumping grounds, chemical works, warehouses, and petrol stations



D) Only 18-year-old students will find this material suitable.



B)



It results in economic losses that might affect the whole country



E)



C)



Every chemical substance that affects the environment affects the human beings, too



D)



Fortunately, there is no possibility that any radioactive materials have been released



E)



There are two main causes of such hazards: biological and chemical



All students, whether under or over eighteen, can be given this material.



69.-76. sorularda, parçada boş bırakılan yere uygun düşen ifadeyi bulunuz. 71. Calcium is an important mineral. It is crucial for the carrying of messages along the nerves. It is essential for healthy bones and teeth. Yet, few of us get as much as we need. ----.



69. Familiar terms such as “work”, “energy” and “force” are often used in a very particular and distinct manner in physics. ----. For instance, for the physicist, the word “force” is used in four different ways. These forces are responsible for all the phenomena we observe. A)



We think of a force generally as a push or a pull



B)



It is important to understand their special meanings when they are used scientifically



C)



“Work” is another term which also has a restricted technical meaning in science



D)



One of the fundamental forces in nature is the electromagnetic force



E)



The English physicist Newton is remembered for his investigations into the forces of nature



A)



Calcium deficiency can lead to various problems



B)



Milk and milk products are especially rich in calcium



C)



In fact, most of us get only one third of the amount necessary for good health



D)



On the other hand, most parents are unaware of how much calcium their children need



E)



The taking of calcium pills is not always recommended



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



53



72. Breakfast is the most important meal of the day. Young children and older adults are the most regular consumers of breakfast. ----. However, especially among young people, before they reach adulthood, breakfast consumption decreases, and they give as reasons lack of time or not wanting to eat so early. A)



The type of breakfast preferred varies from country to country



B)



74. Most of us feel that too much money is being spent on advertising. We see advertisements as we walk down the street, we see them in newspapers and magazines and on television. ----. Perhaps it would, but manufacturers know that it is vital to keep the name of a product fresh in the public eye; otherwise, sales fall. A)



Missing breakfast can affect a child’s ability to manage complex information



Advertising costs a lot, so we wonder if it wouldn’t be better to spend this money in other ways



B)



Popular breakfasts nowadays include cereals, toast and fruit juice



Some advertisements are quite amusing and really please us



C)



D)



Tests to see whether eating breakfast increases a child’s IQ remain controversial



Personally, I find a lot of advertisements really annoying



D)



E)



Studies show that over 90 % of them have breakfast every day



Advertising has become an art, and a lot of money is to be made in the field of advertising



E)



Children are often greatly influenced by the advertisements they see on television



C)



73. Poetry is as universal as language and almost as ancient. In all ages, and in all countries, poetry has been written, eagerly read and listened to by all kinds and conditions of people. ----. But this is not the whole answer. It has also been regarded as something central to each man’s existence.



th



75. At seven in the morning on April 12 1981, the first space shuttle “Columbia” left Earth. It flew up into space at a speed of 28, 000 kilometres an hour. ----. They had a lot to do while they were in space. They took photographs and sent pictures back to Earth. They also tested Columbia’s controls.



A)



There is no sharp distinction between poetry and other imaginative literature



B)



Why? Because it has given them pleasure



A)



C)



Literature exists to communicate significant experiences



This was one of the best designed space shuttles put into space



B)



This is what science fiction had imagined



D)



The proper reading of poetry demands a high level of attention



C)



At such a speed the shuttle might easily have blown up



E)



There is no real distinction between the practical use of language and the poetic one



D)



There were two astronauts inside, John Young and Robert Crippen



E)



Following its explorations in space, the shuttle returned safely to Earth



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



54



76. When we talk about the shared customs of a society, we are referring to a “culture”. However, not all things shared generally by a population are cultural. For example, the typical hair colour of a population is not cultural because it is genetically determined. ----.



78. You have applied to work for a travel agency. You are being interviewed and have been asked why you think you are suitable for the job. You reply: A)



I speak English and German fluently and, therefore, I feel this is the right job for me. I’ve never been to Germany, but my cousin lives there.



A)



Culture has nothing to do with playing the piano or reading poetry



B)



B)



Culture refers to all these aspects of life



C)



What and how human beings eat is learned and varies from culture to culture



C) I suppose I could work at weekends if you wanted me to.



D)



Every society has a culture, no matter how simple this culture is



E)



For something to be considered cultural, it must be learned as well as shared



D) I imagine the work is interesting; a lot of jobs are boring. E)



My brother has urged me to take up this job.



79. It’s Monday. A friend wants you to go with her to the cinema this evening. It’s to a film you very much want to see, but for a day or two you are far too busy to go to the cinema. So, you say:



77.-84. sorularda, verilen duruma uygun düşen ifadeyi bulunuz. 77. Your brother is fond of detective novels. At present you are reading a novel which is about a very unusual detective. You feel your brother would enjoy reading it. So, you say to him:



A)



Thanks, I’d love to; I’ve promised to help my mother in the garden, but that can wait till tomorrow.



B)



Thanks for asking me, but I really don’t want to see that film again.



A)



I can’t understand what interests you in this particular detective novel.



B)



This is just your type of detective novel. I’ll pass it on to you when I’ve finished it.



C) I wish I could come with you, but this evening I’ve promised to help my brother prepare for an examination.



C)



I’ve enjoyed this novel enormously; can you recommend some other detective novels?



D) I can’t today, but that’s a film I don’t want to miss. Can’t we go later in the week?



D)



You said this was a detective novel, but it doesn’t seem like one to me.



E)



E)



The main character in this novel is so unusual that you can’t take him seriously.



I’m not sure if I can. I’ll let you know later. When will you be home? I’ll give you a ring.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



55



80. A good friend of yours has recently joined your football team, and today he has played goalkeeper for the first time. Your team has lost the game and your friend, as the goalkeeper, blames himself for it. So, to cheer him up, you say: A)



I feel we’re badly in need of a more efficient coach.



B)



Actually, you could have prevented the goals.



82. You have attended an English language school in Britain, and have been very well satisfied with the way it was organised and the standard of teaching. So, when someone asks you if you can recommend the school, you say: A)



The school was very well run and my English certainly improved while I was there.



B)



We had classes most mornings and went sightseeing in the afternoons.



C) This has been a bad day for our team, but I can assure you that you’ve done your best.



C) There were people there from all over the world and I made lots of friends.



D) After all, the other team worked to take you by surprise, and you played into their hands.



D) The food was rather poor and the dormitory was overcrowded.



E)



E)



A lot of the time you didn’t seem to be concentrating on the game.



83. You have been corresponding for some years with a Canadian boy. You learn from his last letter that he will be spending part of his summer holiday in Europe. You think this is a wonderful opportunity for him to come to Turkey and spend some time with you. So, you write:



81. Your sister works in an office as a secretary. Today she has come home rather upset because her boss has shouted at her in front of a lot of people. She feels very strongly that she didn’t deserve such treatment. So, to comfort her, you say: A)



Your boss seems to have been upsetting you a lot lately.



B)



I wish you could have said something back to him.



C) The trouble with you is that you don’t stand up for yourself. D) I’m sure there was something else annoying him; otherwise, he would never have treated you like that. E)



The best thing about the school was that it was very close to London.



A)



While making your holiday plans for Europe, I suggest you first visit the medieval towns of France.



B)



After all, while you are in Europe, it would be easy for me to come to see you.



C) If I were you, I would spend a week in Turkey before returning to Europe. D) Let me know when you are going to be in Europe, so that we can arrange to meet there. E)



So long as you do your job properly, he won’t have any reason to treat you like that.



Since you are going to be in Europe, and so near to Turkey, I do wish you would arrange to have part of your holiday in Turkey with me.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



56



84. You have been in the school choir for some years now, and wish to persuade a close friend of yours, who is interested in music, to join the choir. So, you say: A)



Since you enjoy music it’s time you joined our choir and started to sing.



B)



I thought you were in the school choir when I joined three years ago.



86. Brother : - Did you make this cake Mary? Sister - Yes.



:



Brother - ----



:



C) Don’t leave the school choir because Pat has joined it.



Sister : - Only a little! Don’t eat it if you don’t want to.



D) Have you been asked to join the school choir? I have recommended you.



A)



It’s not as good as the one mother makes.



B)



I thought so. It’s burnt!



C)



No one will marry you if that’s the best you can do!



D)



I’m going to make myself a sandwich.



E)



Good for you! This is as good as mother’s cake!



E)



I know you love music. But do you sing yourself?



85.-92. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmında söylenmiş olabilecek sözü bulunuz.



85. Jane : - Did you enjoy the play, Pelin?



87. Janet : - Will you be inviting Susan to your party?



Pelin : - Very much. Thank you for organising the evening.



Lucy : - No I won’t. You know l don’t like her.



Jane - ----



Janet - ----



:



Pelin : - More or less. My English isn’t good, but I did get the general idea. A)



The acting was very good. In particular I liked the old aunt.



B)



I make a point of going to all the plays in town.



C)



What did you think of the settings and the costumes?



D)



I hope you managed to follow the story.



E)



Actually, I thought it was a particularly interesting play.



:



Lucy : - You’re quite right. I’ll ask her. A)



I wasn’t expecting you to. But if you were going to, I wouldn’t come.



B)



No. Neither do I. I think she gossips a lot.



C)



I know you don’t. But she’s been having such a hard time lately. A change would do her good.



D)



She behaved so badly at Polly’s party, do you remember?



E)



None of us does. She’s so proud of herself.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



57



88. Brian : - Dad! I need a new pair of sports shoes.



90. Anna : - Excuse me, could you tell me where Julia Sullivan’s office is?



Father : - What? It seems like only a month since I bought you a pair.



Rebecca : - ----



Brian - ----



Anna : - Yes, that’s right.



:



Father : - That’s all right, you win. We’ll buy a better pair this time.



Rebecca : - Well, you are on the wrong floor. Her office is on the seventh floor.



A)



Thanks, but l don’t need any new ones now; I’ll let you know when I do.



A)



Why do you want to see her? Is she expecting you?



B)



No, it’s at least a year. Actually, they’ve lasted well.



B)



Do you have an appointment with her?



C)



She isn’t in her office. She is out today.



C)



These were a birthday present from my uncle. Don’t you remember?



D)



D)



They are absolutely fine. They’ll last another year at least.



Julia Sullivan? Isn’t she in the marketing department?



E)



She is on holiday. She’ll be back next week.



E)



Two months, actually. But they were cheap, and l told you they wouldn’t last.



89. James : - Do you know where I can hire a car? Mark - ----



91. Jane : - Sorry, I had to ring the doorbell.



:



Mary - ----



:



James : - I’d really appreciate that. Are you sure you don’t need it?



Jane : - No, I seem to have lost it.



Mark : - No, I don’t need it before next week.



Mary : - Then I’d better let you have my spare key.



A)



Hiring a car is expensive. Why don’t you borrow my car?



A)



I think we should let you have the other key.



B)



Well, there are lots of car rental agencies. You can find their phone numbers in the yellow pages.



B)



Don’t tell me you’ve lost your key again!



C)



I wish you hadn’t. Where is your key?



D)



C)



Sorry, I have no idea about where you can hire a car.



That’s all right. By the way, I’ve got a new key for you.



E)



Didn’t you have your key with you?



D)



I think, you’d better take a taxi.



E)



There is a car rental agency at the end of this street on your left.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



58



92. Peter : - Are you going to the south coast again this summer?



94. (I) There is nothing unusual about a single language dying. (II) Communities have come and gone throughout history, and with them their languages. (III) The Hittite language, for example, died out when its civilisation disappeared. (IV) Small communities in isolated areas can easily be wiped out by earthquakes, hurricanes and other disasters. (V) Yet, in comparison with what happened in the past, what is happening today is extraordinary, for the cultural and linguistic diversity of the world is everywhere under threat.



Dave : - No, I’m doing something different this year. I’m going climbing in Scotland. Peter - ----



:



Dave : - I haven’t done it before. This will be the first time. A)



Really? I didn’t even know you climbed.



B)



What a good idea! But why in Scotland?



C)



That sounds fun! I might join you.



D)



Well, let me know how you find Scotland.



E)



Well, let me know how you get on. I might join you another time.



A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



95. (I) Operations that were not even dreamed of fifty years ago are now being carried out successfully. (II) Due to the spread of diseases, hospitals are getting more and more crowded. (III) For instance, the heart can be safely opened and its valves repaired. (IV) Blocked blood vessels can be cleaned out. (V) The whole stomach, even, can be removed without causing serious problems. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



93.-100. sorularda, hangi cümlenin anlam bakımından parçaya uymadığını bulunuz. 93. (I) Antarctica appears to be warming faster than anywhere else on the planet. (II) The ice is melting, and the winters are markedly warmer. (III) Indeed, industrial pollution is a major threat to the wild life. (IV) Grass is now beginning to push up through what was frozen wasteland just a few years ago. (V) Yet, this warming in Antarctica is causing problems for the penguins, the natives of the continent. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



96. (I) Homer designed his tale in the form of a tree. (II) The principal plot forms the trunk of the tree, and many stories branch off from the trunk. (III) Some of these stories are only the portrayal of principal characters. (IV) Homer is supposed to have written both The Odyssey and The Iliad. (V) The others describe various incidents related to the main theme. A) I



E) V



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



59



97. (I) In sixteenth-century England, the theatre was a very popular form of entertainment. (II) In many ways it was different from the theatre of our time. (III) Shakespeare, who was the leading dramatist of the time, is still regarded as one of the world’s greatest. (IV) For one thing, the theatre had no roof, and plays were acted with no setting. (V) Performances were given in the afternoons, and had to be cancelled if the weather was bad. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



99. (I) Dr. Johnson will always be remembered for producing the first serious dictionary of the English language. (II) In 1747 he published the Plan of his Dictionary. (III) The age in which he lived is reflected in his writings. (IV) According to this plan, he hoped to complete the work in three years. (V) Actually, however, it took him seven years to compile his dictionary. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



100. (I) Myths were originally created as entertaining 98. (I) The year 1666 was the year of the great fire of stories with a serious purpose. (II) The bestLondon. (II) There is very little agreement among known of the mythologies in the world is the historians as regards the population of London at Greek mythology. (III) They have two main aims. the time. (III) The houses were all made of wood, (IV) One is to explain the nature of the universe. so they burned easily and there was a wind to fan (V) The other is to instruct members of the the flames. (IV) So, despite all efforts to put it out, community in the attitudes and behaviour the fire raged for four days. (V) At the end, necessary to function successfully. thousands of the Londoners were made homeless. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V



TEST BİTTİ. CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



60



25 HAZİRAN 2000 YABANCI DİL SINAVI BASIN KOPYASI CEVAP ANAHTARI İNGİLİZCE



1. C



26. A



51. D



76. E



2. E



27. E



52. E



77. B



3. B



28. B



53. A



78. A



4. A



29. C



54. D



79. D



5. C



30. A



55. B



80. C



6. D



31. D



56. E



81. D



7. E



32. B



57. A



82. A



8. C



33. E



58. D



83. E



9. A



34. A



59. B



84. A



10. E



35. C



60. C



85. D



11. C



36. B



61. E



86. B



12. E



37. E



62. C



87. C



13. B



38. A



63. B



88. E



14. A



39. B



64. D



89. A



15. E



40. D



65. A



90. D



16. A



41. C



66. E



91. E



17. C



42. E



67. D



92. A



18. D



43. A



68. C



93. C



19. B



44. B



69. B



94. D



20. A



45. D



70. A



95. B



21. E



46. E



71. C



96. D



22. C



47. B



72. E



97. C



23. D



48. D



73. B



98. B



24. B



49. A



74. A



99. C



25. C



50. E



75. D



100. B



YABANCI DİL TESTİ



İNGİLİZCE YABANCI DİL TESTLERİNİN CEVAP ANAHTARLARI BİRBİRİNDEN FARKLIDIR. YABANCI DİLİNİZİ CEVAP KÂĞIDINIZDA AYRILAN YERE İŞARETLEMEYİ UNUTMAYINIZ. 1. Cevap kâğõdõnda, sõnav yabancõ dilinizi (İNGİLİZCE) işaretlemeyi unutmayõnõz. 2. Bu testten alacağõnõz standart puan, Yabancõ Dil Ağõrlõklõ ÖSS Puanõnõzõn hesaplanmasõnda 1,8 katsayõsõ ile çarpõlacaktõr. 3. Bu testte 100 soru vardõr. 4. Cevaplamaya istediğiniz sorudan başlayabilirsiniz. 5. Sayfalar üzerindeki boş yerleri müsvedde için kullanabilirsiniz. 4. They still haven’t come to an ---- about which play they are going to put on next term.



1.–18. sorularda, cümlede boş bõrakõlan yere uygun düşen kelime ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. 1. I tried hard to ---- why the motor would have to be replaced, but he couldn’t understand what I was trying to say. A) insist



B) complain D) inform



C) appointment



D) agreement E) event



E) explain



B) expanding



D) exceeding



B) assessment



C) reply



2. The market for computers and all related goods has been ---- rapidly in recent years. A) reaching



A) opinion



5. My car ---- as I was on my way to pick up the children from school.



C) exploring



E) disturbing



A) got off



B) broke down



C) let down



D) gave in E) took off



3. The company is not only looking for wellqualified people; it also wants them to be ---about their work. A) enthusiastic



B) comprehensive



C) relevant



D) indifferent



6. I met your father once years ago, but I can ---remember him. A) hardly



B) enormously



D) immensely



C) extremely



E) simultaneously



E) convenient



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



40



7. He ---- a book in the garden when I ---- there. A)



will read / have got



B)



is reading / will get



11. I suppose we can take a walk in the garden for a while after the meal, ----? A) don’t we



B) won’t I



D) can we



C) was reading / got



C) can’t we



E) do I



D) would be reading / was getting E)



had read / had got



12. For years the people ---- my hometown depended ---- steel, coal and fishing for their livelihood.



8. I’m sure he ---- to let us know where he was if he ---- able to do so.



A) at / for



A)



telephoned / would be



B)



will have telephoned / was



C)



would telephone / has been



D)



has telephoned / is



E)



would have telephoned / had been



D) in / on



B) had been broken



C) broke



D) were being broken



C) of / by



E) out of / on



13. Because Susan was looking very sad, John tried to cheer her ---- by reading her a story.



9. The house looked dreadful as no one was living there and most of the windows ----. A) have been broken



B) from / to



A) up



B) through



C) in



D) over



E) on



E) would have broken



10. They ---- Bursa before, so they ---- what to expect. A)



weren’t visiting / haven’t known



B)



haven’t visited / haven’t known



C)



didn’t visit / hadn’t known



D)



don’t visit / won’t know



E)



hadn’t visited / didn’t know



14. There’s a photograph here ---- you taken ---- your first birthday. A) from / by



B) by / to



D) to / over



C) of / on



E) on / near



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



41



15. When the class laughed, the poor boy felt ---uncomfortable ---- he didn’t know whether to keep his cap in his hand or not. A) such / that



B) that / as



D) more / than



19.–24. sorularda, cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.



C) as / as



19. As there is a complete standardization of every product in this fast-food restaurant chain, ----.



E) so / that



16. I’m afraid I can’t afford to pay ---- that for a pair of shoes. A) too much



B) as much as



C) so much



D) as many as



A)



the first restaurant to be opened in Britain was in 1974



B)



they were already doing business in 52 countries in the world



C)



the company was by then opening a new restaurant at the rate of one per day



D)



every French fry and every burger tastes exactly the same as every other



E)



yet another one was opened in Moscow in 1990



E) much more 20. ----, who really established and developed the thriller style in films.



17. If Clare says she won’t lend you ---- calculator, then I’ll lend you ----. A) hers / ours



B) his / me



D) their / him



C) her / mine



E) your / his



A)



The cartoon is another popular type of film, especially among children



B)



Strong film industries began to emerge in other countries



C)



Contemporary issues such as violence and poverty will attract the attention of many film directors



D)



Star Wars is perhaps his best film



E)



It was the film director Alfred Hitchcock



21. As the daily temperature change on the planet Mercury is extreme, ----. 18. He hasn’t written to me, and I don’t think he’s written to any of his other friends, ----. A) either



B) too D) neither



C) as well E) also



A)



its rocky surface cracks, producing cliffs and canyons



B)



there hasn’t been sufficient atmosphere to hold the heat



C)



the explorations carried out so far would have been very costly



D)



the craters in its surface were formed by rocks from outer space



E)



there was no evidence to suggest that this was due to volcanic activity



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



42



22. The manager promised to promote her ----. A)



if she has proved far more efficient than any of the other employees



B)



that she has really deserved it



C)



as she had been working for the company for so many years



D)



unless there was a good reason for doing so



E)



until the company's annual budget is approved



25.–32. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümlenin anlamõna en yakõn Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz. 25. Poetry, which is as universal as language, has for centuries been written and read by all kinds of people everywhere. A)



Şiir, yüzyõllar boyunca her yerde, her türlü insan tarafõndan yazõldõğõ ve okunduğu için dil kadar evrenseldir.



B)



Dil gibi şiir de o kadar evrenseldir ki her türlü insan tarafõndan, her yerde yazõlmõş ve her zaman okunmuştur.



C)



Dil kadar evrensel olan şiir, yüzyõllardõr her yerde, her türlü insan tarafõndan yazõlmõş ve okunmuştur.



D)



Yüzyõllardõr dünyanõn her yerinde ve her toplumda yazõlõp okunan şiir, dil gibi evrenseldir.



E)



Şiir de dil gibi yüzyõllar boyunca evrensel kabul edilmiş, her yerde ve herkes tarafõndan yazõlõp okunmuştur.



23. I asked my little three-year-old niece ----. A)



whether her mother has gone out



B)



who she was going to invite to her party



C)



that she liked going to the zoo



D)



why she has made her little brother cry



E)



what her mother is making for dinner



26. The parliaments of the member states of the European Union agreed on the use of a single currency to be known as ‘the Euro’.



24. It’s a good idea to walk everywhere ----. A)



however far it must have seemed



B)



even though you were so tired



C)



whenever they went to the museum



D)



if you want to learn your way around the town



E)



since their house was on the outskirts of the town



A)



‘Euro’, Avrupa Birliği’ne üye devletlerin, kullanõmõ üzerinde anlaştõğõ tek para birimi olarak bilinmektedir.



B)



‘Euro’, Avrupa Birliği’ne üye devletlerin parlamentolarõnõn, kullanõmõ üzerinde anlaşabildiği tek para birimidir.



C)



Avrupa Birliği’ne üye devletlerin parlamentolarõ, kullanacaklarõ tek para birimini ‘Euro’ olarak adlandõrma konusunda anlaşmõşlardõr.



D)



Avrupa Birliği’ne üye devletlerin parlamentolarõ, kullanõmõ üzerinde uzlaştõklarõ tek para birimini ‘Euro’ olarak adlandõrmõşlardõr.



E)



Avrupa Birliği’ne üye devletlerin parlamentolarõ, ‘Euro’ olarak bilinen tek bir para biriminin kullanõmõ üzerinde anlaştõlar.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



43



27. To prevent traffic accidents, one of the precautions suggested in many countries is to increase the minimum age of driving to 21.



29. Psychologists tell us that, unless we take notes and review what we have learned, we forget over 80 per cent of what we have learned.



A)



Araba kullanma yaşõnõn 21’e yükseltilmesi, trafik kazalarõnõn azaltõlmasõ için birçok ülkede alõnan önlemlerden biridir.



A)



Psikologlara göre, not tutar ve öğrendiklerimizi tekrar gözden geçirirsek, bunlarõn % 80’inden fazlasõnõ unutmayõz.



B)



Trafik kazalarõnõ engellemenin yollarõndan biri olan araba kullanma yaşõnõn en az 21 olmasõ, birçok ülkede taraftar bulmaktadõr.



B)



C)



Birçok ülkede, trafik kazalarõna karşõ alõnmasõ gereken önlemlerden birinin, araba kullanma yaşõnõn 21’e yükseltilmesi olduğu savunulmaktadõr.



Psikologlar bize, not almadõğõmõz ve öğrendiklerimizi tekrar gözden geçirmediğimiz takdirde bunlarõn % 80’inden fazlasõnõ unuttuğumuzu söylüyorlar.



C)



D)



Trafik kazalarõnõ önlemek için pek çok ülkede önerilen önlemlerden biri, araba kullanma yaşõnõn en az 21’e yükseltilmesidir.



Psikologlar, öğrendiklerimizin % 80’ini unutmamamõz için not almamõz ve öğrendiklerimizi gözden geçirmemiz gerektiğini belirtiyorlar.



D)



Birçok ülkede, araba kullanma yaşõnõn 21’e yükseltilmesinin, trafik kazalarõnõ önleme yollarõndan biri olduğu kabul ediliyor.



Psikologlarõn söylediğine göre, biz öğrendiklerimizin % 80’ini not etmez ve tekrar gözden geçirmezsek unutuyoruz.



E)



Psikologlar, bize öğrendiklerimizi not alsak ve tekrar gözden geçirsek bile % 80’ini unutacağõmõzõ söylüyorlar.



E)



30. Marine life is being photographed using special cameras made to withstand the pressure of the water.



28. The Amazon rainforest, which contains around 80 thousand different kinds of plants, is the most biologically diverse place on Earth. A)



Yaklaşõk 80 bin değişik tür bitkiyi içeren Amazon yağmur ormanlarõ, biyolojik olarak Dünya’da en fazla çeşitliliğe sahip olan yerdir.



B)



Amazon yağmur ormanlarõ, biyolojik çeşitlilik açõsõndan Dünya’nõn en zengin bölgesi olduğundan, değişik 80 bin tür bitkiyi içerir.



C)



D)



E)



Biyolojik olarak Dünya’da en fazla çeşitliliğe sahip bölge olan Amazon yağmur ormanlarõnda, yaklaşõk 80 bin değişik bitki çeşidi olduğu bilinmektedir. 80 bin değişik bitkinin bulunmasõ nedeniyle Amazon yağmur ormanlarõ Dünya’da biyolojik bakõmdan en zengin yerdir.



A)



Özellikle deniz yaşamõnõn fotoğraflarõnõ çekmek için kullanõlan kameralar, suyun basõncõna dayanõklõdõr.



B)



Deniz yaşamõnõn fotoğraflarõnõ çekebilen, suyun basõncõna dayanõklõ özel kameralar yapõlmõştõr.



C) Deniz yaşamõnõn fotoğraflarõ, suyun basõncõna dayanacak biçimde yapõlmõş olan özel kameralar kullanõlarak çekilmektedir. D) Suyun basõncõna dayanabilen kameralarõn yapõlmasõ, deniz yaşamõnõn fotoğraflarõnõn çekilmesini sağlamõştõr. E)



Deniz yaşamõnõn fotoğraflarõ çekilirken, basõnca dayanõklõ özel kameralar kullanõlmaktadõr.



Biyolojik bakõmdan en fazla çeşitliliğe sahip bölge olarak bilinen Amazon yağmur ormanlarõ, Dünya’daki 80 bin değişik türdeki bitkiyi barõndõrmaktadõr.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



44



31. A great many inventions have been made through history, but the invention of the computer has probably been more influential on our way of life than any other. A)



Tarih boyunca birçok buluş yapõlmõştõr; ancak, bilgisayarõn icadõ, yaşam biçimimiz üzerinde muhtemelen diğerlerinden daha fazla etkili olmuştur.



B)



Tarihte birçok buluş yapõlmõştõr; ancak, bilgisayarõn icadõ, yaşamõmõzda çok büyük bir etki yapmõştõr.



C)



Tarih boyunca çok sayõda keşif vardõr; ancak aslõnda, yaşam biçimimizi muhtemelen en fazla etkileyen yenilik, bilgisayarõn icadõ olmuştur.



D)



E)



33.–40. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümlenin anlamõna en yakõn İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz. 33. Balkan Yarõmadasõ, önemli tarõm veya sanayi kaynaklarõna sahip olmamasõna rağmen, Avrupa ile Asya arasõndaki kara köprüsünün bir parçasõ olmasõ nedeniyle pek çok çatõşmaya sahne olmuştur. A)



Though the Balkan Peninsula has neither agricultural nor industrial resources, it is part of the land bridge between Europe and Asia and so has been fiercely contested.



B)



Tarihte yapõlmõş olan buluşlarõn sayõsõ çoktur; ancak, hiçbiri yaşam biçimimiz üzerinde bilgisayarõn icadõ kadar etkili olmamõştõr.



The Balkan Peninsula has been the scene of much fighting not on account of its agricultural and industrial resources, but because it is a part of the land bridge between Europe and Asia.



C)



Tarihte çeşitli buluşlar yapõlmõştõr; ancak, bilgisayarõn icadõnõn yaşam biçimimizi diğerlerinden çok daha fazla etkilediği görülmüştür.



Though the Balkan Peninsula has no important agricultural or industrial resources, it has been the scene of many conflicts because it is a part of the land bridge between Europe and Asia.



D)



In considering the reasons for the conflicts in the Balkan Peninsula, the agricultural and industrial resources of this region are unimportant compared to the fact that it is the land bridge between Europe and Asia.



E)



It is not so much the agricultural and industrial resources of the Balkan Peninsula that gave rise to the fighting there, as its position as the land bridge between Europe and Asia.



34. Bilimsel bilgiyi üslup güzelliğiyle birleştiren Amerikalõ biyolog Rachel Carson, çok takdir edilen kitaplar yazmõştõr.



32. Young people need education in order to acquire a good basis of knowledge on which they can build their future.



A)



The books of the American biologist Rachel Carson have, with their fluent style in combination with their scientific approach, received much praise.



Gençlerin, geleceklerini üzerine kuracaklarõ iyi bir bilgi temelini elde etmek için eğitime ihtiyaçlarõ vardõr.



B)



Rachel Carson is an American biologist who has written some very popular books on science in an attractive style.



C)



Gençlerin geleceklerinin temeli, ihtiyaç duyduklarõ bilgileri kazandõran iyi bir eğitimle atõlõr.



C)



The books Rachel Carson, an American biologist, has written have been praised for their scientific content and their fluent style.



D)



İhtiyaç duyduklarõ temel bilgilere sahip olmak için eğitim alan gençler, geleceklerini bu temel üzerine kurabilirler.



D)



E)



Eğitim, gençlerin geleceklerini üzerine kuracaklarõ temel bilgileri elde edebilmeleri için gereklidir.



The American biologist Rachel Carson, who combines scientific knowledge and beauty of style, has written books which have been much appreciated.



E)



Rachel Carson, who is an American biologist, has written books that have been much appreciated for their scientific content and their superb style.



A)



Gençler iyi bir gelecek kurmak için ihtiyaç duyduklarõ temel bilgileri eğitim yoluyla elde ederler.



B)



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



45



35. Eleştirmenler, kitap okumanõn, okuyucu ile yazar arasõnda bir tür sohbet olmasõ gerektiğini hep vurgulamõşlardõr. A)



Critics continually tell us to read a book as if we were having a conversation with the author.



B)



C)



D) E)



37. Musonlar, Hint Okyanusu’nun, yazõn güneybatõdan esen ve genellikle şiddetli yağmurlar getiren mevsimlik rüzgârlarõdõr. A)



Critics are continually stressing the idea that reading a book is like having a conversation with the author.



The monsoons are the seasonal winds of the Indian Ocean, which blow from the south-west in summer and usually bring heavy rains.



B)



According to some critics, we should always regard reading as a conversation between the writer of the book and the reader.



The monsoons are the summer winds of the Indian Ocean, which blow from the south-west and cause unusually heavy rains.



C)



Reading, the critics continually tell us, is a conversation between a writer and a reader.



It is the monsoons, the seasonal winds of the Indian Ocean that constantly bring the heavy rains to the south-west parts of the continent.



D)



Critics have always stressed that reading a book should be a kind of conversation between the reader and the author.



In the summer, the winds that blow from the south-west over the Indian Ocean bring particularly heavy rains known as monsoons.



E)



The south-westerly winds, which are seasonal winds, bringing excessively heavy rains across the Indian Ocean, are called monsoons.



36. Dedem yetmişine gelince, kendini çok yaşlõ hissetti ve çocuklarõ ile torunlarõnõ son kez görmek için veda ziyaretleri yapmaya başladõ. A)



Once my grandfather was seventy, he realized he was very old, so made some farewell visits to his children and grandchildren.



B)



When my grandfather got to be seventy, he felt very old, and began to make farewell visits to see his children and grandchildren for the last time.



C)



My grandfather, when he was seventy, wanted to see his children and grandchildren for, probably, the last time, and so made some farewell visits.



D)



When my grandfather was seventy years old, he went on farewell visits to his children and grandchildren, and so saw them for the last time.



E)



My grandfather really felt very old when he was seventy, so he made a last visit to all his children and his grandchildren.



38. Dünyada var olan tüm elementlerden muhtemelen hiçbiri, altõndan daha fazla insanlarõn düşlerini harekete geçirmemiştir. A)



Probably, the only element in the world ever to fire men’s dreams must be gold.



B)



Gold must surely be the only element in the world that has really stirred men's dreams.



C)



Surely, no element in the world other than gold has ever stirred men’s dreams.



D)



Probably, no element in the world other than gold has the power to make men pursue their dreams.



E)



Of all the elements present in the world, probably none has stirred men’s dreams more than gold.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



46



39. Öğrencilerin çoğu bir yabancõ dili sözlü ya da yazõlõ iletişim kurmak için öğrendiğinden dil öğrenimi, dilin gerçek hayattaki kullanõmõnõ kapsamalõdõr.



41.–43. sorularõ aşağõdaki parçaya göre cevaplayõnõz. New Guinea is home to some of the world’s strangest creatures. For instance, there is a special species of kangaroo that lives in trees. There are also lizards that are five metres long, and butterflies that are as big as dinner plates. New Guinea is an island hardly any larger than the state of Texas, but it has as many bird species as are to be found, for example, in the whole of North America. This is partly due to the fact that it has largely remained isolated from the rest of the world. But it is also due to the fact that it has an incredible variety of ecological features, ranging from tropical rain forests to glaciers.



A)



Most students need to use a foreign language in real life situations if they are to learn to communicate either orally or in writing.



B)



Most students know that a foreign language helps them to communicate, both orally and in writing, in real life situations.



C)



As most students learn a foreign language in order to communicate either orally or in writing, language learning should include a real life use of language.



D)



Unless students want to use a foreign language for communication either orally or in writing in real life, they do not need to learn one.



E)



Since most students study a foreign language because they want to communicate orally, not in writing, the learning process should relate to their real life affairs.



B)



C)



D)



E)



A)



has actually fewer bird species than it formerly had



B)



is in many respects very similar to Texas



C)



owes its characteristic physical features to glaciers



D)



is an island with a remarkable range of climatic features



E)



is gradually increasing its contacts with North America



42. According to the passage, kangaroos that live in trees ----.



40. Roma İmparatorluğu’nun parçalanmasõ, ticaretle birlikte bankacõlõğõn da çökmesine yol açmõştõr; ancak on ikinci yüzyõlda bankacõlõk yeniden canlanmaya başlamõştõr. A)



41. We learn from the passage that New Guinea ----.



The break-up of the Roman Empire led to the decline of banking together with commerce, but in the twelfth century banking began to revive. With the break-up of the Roman Empire there was a decline in banking and commerce, and it was only in the twelfth century that both of these activities really revived. When the Roman Empire broke up, this affected both banking and commerce, and it was only in the twelfth century that these started to revive. There was a revival in banking and commerce in the twelfth century, but these activities had been steadily declining since the break-up of the Roman Empire. As the Roman Empire began to break up, there was a decline in both banking and commerce which continued until the twelfth century when there was at last a revival.



A)



are very commonly to be seen in rain forests everywhere



B)



are only on the increase in New Guinea



C)



are just one example of the odd creatures to be found in New Guinea



D)



are a threat to the bird population of New Guinea



E)



are considerably smaller than the average kangaroo



43. The writer points out that one of the reasons why there are very many different kinds of birds in New Guinea is ----. A)



that the climatic conditions of the island are suitable for rain forests



B)



the fact that many migrate there for the winter from North America



C)



that the island is a protected environment, and new species are constantly being taken there



D)



that this island has mostly been cut off from the rest of the world



E)



the fact that there is very little else of interest regarding wildlife Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



47



45. According to the passage, Plato’s account of Socrates, unlike the one given by Xenophon, ----.



44.–46. sorularõ aşağõdaki parçaya göre cevaplayõnõz. The origins of biography are to be found in early legendary accounts of the Greek, Germanic and Celtic heroes. Another early type of biography is the records of the teaching and deeds of wise men. The accounts of the life and teaching of Socrates given by Plato and Xenophon may be regarded as a development of this kind of record. The interest of the Socratic dialogues of Plato is philosophic rather than biographical, but the Memorabilia of Xenophon, though not a biography in the modern sense of the word, comprises a series of sketches of the great philosopher with intimacy and vividness. The first European author, remembered primarily as a biographer, is Plutarch, a Greek philosopher who lived under the Roman Empire. His Parallel Lives of ancient Greek and Roman statesmen and soldiers is one of the most fascinating works of antiquity and influential in the European biographical tradition. Moreover, he seems to have been the first author to distinguish sharply between biography and history.



44. It is pointed out in the passage that the first true example of biography in the modern sense is to be found in ----. A)



the stories of Greek and other heroes



B)



Xenophon’s Memorabilia



C)



ancient legends



D)



Plato’s dialogues



E)



Plutarch’s Parallel Lives



A)



is very critical of the great philosopher



B)



puts the emphasis on the philosophy of Socrates



C)



is full of fascinating details about the life of Socrates



D)



was the model for Plutarch when he wrote his Parallel Lives



E)



is commonly regarded as the first important example of biographical writing



46. We understand from the passage that, in his Parallel Lives, Plutarch ----. A)



is primarily concerned with the portrayal of people themselves, but not the events of their times



B)



concentrates on life and society in ancient Rome



C)



gives priority to statesmen rather than to soldiers



D)



includes his own philosophy of life in his accounts of the lives of others



E)



compares the Greek and Roman attitudes towards politics and military affairs



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



48



47.–49. sorularõ aşağõdaki parçaya göre cevaplayõnõz.



50.–52. sorularõ aşağõdaki parçaya göre cevaplayõnõz.



When you pick up something that is very hot you usually drop it immediately. You do not have to think about it and decide to drop it. You just drop it. However, you do have to think about some actions. For example, you might decide to walk to school instead of taking the bus. You think about it and decide to do it. Actions like this, that you choose to make, are called ‘voluntary actions’. But actions that you make without having to think about them, such as dropping a hot object, are called ‘involuntary’ or ‘reflex actions’.



More and more people have started to worry about the effect of television on the generations of children who have grown up with it. Recent studies suggest that television has a negative effect on a child’s creative imagination. Indeed, some teachers have found that some children cannot understand even a simple story if there are no pictures to help. But perhaps the most worrying result concerns violence. So much violence on the television screen means that children start to regard violence in real life as normal; so they accept it in others and in themselves. 50. According to the passage, the damaging effects of television on children ----.



47. The passage concentrates on ----. A)



what one should do in a dangerous situation



A)



have generally been exaggerated by the public



B)



the fact that human beings seldom react instantly when they face danger



B)



could be lessened if parents took a more constructive attitude



C)



two main groups of human action



C)



are confined solely to an increase in violence



D)



different reactions to hot objects



D)



E)



decision-making



have seldom been seriously considered by teachers



E)



are already causing much concern among a growing number of people



48. According to the passage, by ‘involuntary action’ is meant an action ----. A)



which follows a long process of thinking



B)



that doesn’t take place fairly quickly



C)



which is the result of a choice made



D) E)



51. It is understood from the passage that television ----. A)



is at last beginning to show some concern about its effects on children



B)



no longer shows as much violence as it used to do



in which no thinking at all is involved



C)



that is immediately followed by a series of other actions



has made children rely too much on visual aids to understanding



D)



helps children to understand stories in a more creative manner



E)



is being used most effectively by teachers as a teaching aid



49. According to the passage, if one thinks about something and comes to a decision about what to do, ----. A)



the action that results is called a ‘voluntary action’



B)



this is what is often called a ‘reflex action’



A)



should be restricted to adult viewers only



C)



this means one’s reflex actions are strong



B)



D)



one is not likely to change one’s mind



gives children the impression that it is a natural way of life



E)



the likelihood is that a wrong action is almost impossible



C)



should be presented as undesirable behaviour



D)



has caused a great deal of unnecessary alarm in society



E)



is permissible so long as it becomes an emotional outlet for children



52. We understand from the passage that violence on television ----.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



49



54. According to the passage, a number of reasons may lead to ----.



53.–55. sorularõ aşağõdaki parçaya göre cevaplayõnõz. The job of check-in clerks at any airport is not a particularly interesting or satisfying one. They simply have to check the tickets of passengers, and take their luggage. The work is mechanical, repetitive and very tiring. The only variation in the routine occurs when things go wrong –when flights are delayed or when they are cancelled due to such things as bad weather, strikes or technical problems. Then the check-in clerks are in the unfortunate position of having to face the angry passengers though the fault is not theirs and they can do nothing to put things right.



is always greatly appreciated by the passengers



B)



varies greatly from day to day which makes it more enjoyable



C)



requires a great deal of skill and creativity



D)



involves very little contact with passengers



E)



is both tedious and exhausting



passengers wishing to change the dates of their flights



B)



a strike among the check-in clerks



C)



the postponement or cancellation of flights



D)



the loss of the luggage of passengers



E)



overcrowding at airports



55. It is pointed out in the passage that when serious problems affecting flights arise at airports, ----.



53. We understand from the passage that the work a check-in clerk does ----. A)



A)



A)



passengers usually wait patiently for the situation to improve



B)



it is the check-in clerks who encounter the protesting passengers



C)



passengers are immediately notified by check-in clerks



D)



it is the primary responsibility of check-in clerks to solve them



E)



check-in clerks are required to explain, in detail, what has caused them



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



50



57. The author points out that the contribution Berlioz made to ----.



56.–58. sorularõ aşağõdaki parçaya göre cevaplayõnõz. The French composer Hector Berlioz was the outstanding representative of romanticism in music. The son of a country doctor, he was sent in 1822 to attend the medical school in Paris. Though musically quite uneducated, he had already conceived a passion for music. Therefore, he soon threw up his medical studies, whereupon his allowance was stopped by his family, and after a short period of private lessons, he was admitted to the conservatoire in 1823. Berlioz was a typical romantic; he was also a great admirer of both Shakespeare and Beethoven and they were both important in the development of his taste.



56. According to the passage, Berlioz’s family ----.



A)



teaching methods in music has always been appreciated by other musicians



B)



the progress of medicine in France was exceptional



C)



the musical activities of the conservatoire was significant



D)



the romantic movement in music was unsurpassed



E)



the well-being of his family has always been underestimated



58. As we understand from the passage, as a romantic composer, Berlioz ----.



A)



wanted him to study medicine in Paris



B)



recognized his musical talent while he was still quite young



C)



supported him financially when he was studying at the conservatoire in Paris



D)



arranged for him to take private lessons in music



E)



was very pleased when their son changed from medicine to music



A)



created a style which excelled that of Shakespeare and Beethoven in poetic power



B)



was indifferent to the works of Shakespeare and Beethoven



C)



was greatly influenced by Shakespeare and Beethoven



D)



studied both Shakespeare and Beethoven in order to revive romanticism



E)



preferred Shakespeare’s manner of presentation to that of Beethoven



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



51



60. According to the passage, it was at about the th turn of the 20 century that ----.



59.–61. sorularõ aşağõdaki parçaya göre cevaplayõnõz. Einstein developed his famous theory of ‘relativity’ shortly after 1900. It was an enormous improvement over Newton’s views, since it explained many things that Newton could not. It showed the close connection between space, time and gravity. And it led to surprising predictions. One of them was that matter and energy could be changed into each other. The two are simply different forms of the same thing. This idea enabled man to split the atom and later to obtain large amounts of nuclear energy.



59. As we learn from the passage, Einstein’s theory of relativity ----.



A)



the splitting of the atom was achieved



B)



fresh sources of energy were discovered



C)



the relativity theory was first put forward by Einstein



D)



time and space were finally recognized as indestructible



E)



Newton’s theory of gravity was recognized as correct in all respects



61. We understand from the passage that one of the benefits of Einstein’s relativity theory ----.



A)



was confined to the study of the structure of the atom



A)



was to show the potential danger of the splitting of the atom



B)



gave clarity to various phenomena that Newton had failed to explain



B)



has been to make space exploration possible in our time



C)



gave very little importance to the role of gravity in the universe



C)



was that it proved Newton’s views were quite wrong



D)



was developed, in the first place, to open up new sources of energy



D)



was to explain the separateness of matter and energy



E)



was basically unrelated to Newton’s theories



E)



has been the discovery of a new source of energy



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



52



65. Everyone told me it was too cold to go swimming, but I didn’t listen to them.



62.–68. sorularda, verilen cümleye anlamca en yakõn olan cümleyi bulunuz. 62. There is only one major difference between your plan and mine. A)



There is really only one way in which the two plans are different.



B)



Your scheme differs from mine in just one important respect.



C)



Actually, both of our plans are very similar except for one or two details.



D)



Your scheme hardly differs at all from mine.



E)



I have a plan that is different from yours in several ways.



If there had been an empty table near the window, I would have liked to have sat there.



B)



All the tables near the window were occupied, so we went somewhere else.



C)



We found one unoccupied table near the window and sat down there.



D)



I would have been so pleased if we could have found a free table that was not near the window.



E)



A)



I’d have gone on the climb if I’d been wearing the right shoes.



B)



I’d love to go climbing, but I don’t have any shoes that would be suitable.



C)



As I didn’t realize there was going to be so much climbing, I didn’t come in suitable shoes.



E)



B)



Nobody thought it was warm enough to swim, but I did.



C)



I didn’t think it was too cold to go swimming, but the others did.



D)



They all told me not to swim, but I thought it was warm enough.



E)



I didn’t go swimming as everyone said it was far too cold.



A)



They had already started the evening meal when I arrived some time after 8 o’clock.



B)



I arrived shortly after 8 o’clock to find them still having dinner.



C)



Dinner was almost over at 8 o’clock when I finally got there.



D)



They were almost through their dinner when I got there at around 8 o’clock.



E)



When I got there at a few minutes to 8, they hadn’t finished their evening meal.



I would have been surprised to have found any one of the tables near the window free.



67. I’m taking my bicycle into town to get it repaired.



64. I’d have worn the right shoes if I’d known we were going to do all this climbing.



D)



They all said it wasn’t warm enough to go swimming, but I ignored them.



66. It was nearly 8 o’clock when I arrived and they were still having dinner.



63. I wanted to sit at a table near the window, but we couldn’t find a free one. A)



A)



I didn’t realize that these shoes weren’t right for climbing in. If only I’d been wearing suitable shoes I would have enjoyed the climb.



A)



Perhaps someone in town can mend my bicycle.



B)



I know of a place in town where they mend bicycles.



C)



My bicycle is in need of repair, so I can’t go to town on it.



D)



I want someone to mend my bicycle, so I’m going into town with it.



E)



While I’m in town, I hope to get my bicycle repaired.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



53



68. I’ll be surprised if it gets any warmer, won’t you?



71. English is spoken by over a billion people around the world: in other words, by more than a quarter of the world’s population. It is the mother tongue in the UK, in Australia and New Zealand, and, of course, for the vast majority people in North America. It is studied as a foreign language all over the world but particularly in Europe. ----. Have you ever thought about how the language spoken by the population of a small island should have become so widespread?



A)



I’m not expecting the weather to warm up, are you?



B)



I’m not expecting the warm spell to continue, are you?



C)



We can’t expect it to continue as warm as this, can we?



D)



It wouldn’t surprise me if the warm weather continues; would it surprise you?



A)



There is actually a strong French influence on the English language



E)



I’m surprised the warm weather is continuing, aren’t you?



B)



Indeed, one of the Germanic tribes – the Angles – gave their name to the language that was to become English



C)



One big difference between the English of England and the English of America is the accent



D)



It is also the language of shipping and aviation, of science, technology and commerce



E)



English is still changing fast, and there are many local varieties



69.–76. sorularda, parçada boş bõrakõlan yere uygun düşen ifadeyi bulunuz. 69. In the USA, fish is not a particularly popular food. ----. There is, for instance, the canning industry; sardines and tuna in particular are canned both for home consumption and for export. Moreover, fertilizers are often fish-based, and these make up another important industry. A)



In recent years, fish has been gaining in popularity in most countries



B)



In the popular mind, it is the hamburger that is associated with American eating habits



C)



Nevertheless, about 130,000 people are directly engaged in the fishing industry



D)



It is common knowledge now that too many fish are being taken out of the seas



E)



Pollution has also been responsible for the deaths of a lot of fish



70. This children’s programme on the television is presented by Jeremy. He is one of the liveliest of the new television presenters. ----. He tells us who invented them and how. On the list this week are the safety pin, the can opener and the match. A)



He usually shows films on wildlife



B)



Each week, he talks about various small but important inventions



C)



His programmes are very good but far too many are only suitable for very young children



D)



He thinks that it is bad for the eyes to watch too much television



E)



He is very popular with children



72. In recent years, the amount of advertising on television has increased dramatically. Many people think that advertisements should be banned because they interrupt their enjoyment of the programmes. ----. Without advertising, commercial television companies would have to close down. In addition to this, advertisements increase our knowledge, and this enables us to make better choices as consumers. A)



Actually, a lot of people find television advertisements quite entertaining



B)



Since they are expensive, advertisements increase the cost of the products



C)



Advertising gives consumers freedom of choice



D)



It seems that countries which do not have advertising produce goods which are expensive and of poor quality



E)



However, it must be remembered that TV companies rely on the income from commercials to pay for their programmes



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



54



73. ----. This is not true. Of course you are always free to create your own programmes. But most people who use computers buy standard programmes. Some get special programmes prepared for them by professionals. Then all that they have to do is to load the programme into the computer memory. A)



It seems that there is hardly a work place now that is not computerized



B)



The computer has developed fast over the last few decades



C)



Computers now play a vital part in scientific research



D)



People often think that if you use a computer, you must ‘programme’ it yourself



E)



Some scientists use computers to make detailed models of complex systems



75. All living things are composed of cells which have a basic similarity of structure. ----. In fact, man also does. Actually, some living things remain as single cells for as long as they live.



Actually, it has a long history



B)



It would take a long time to list all paper products



C)



It was first produced in China in about 105 AD



D)



For a long time, paper was made by hand



E)



The word ‘paper’ comes from the word ‘papyrus’ which was used by the ancient Egyptians as we use paper



The cellular life processes are controlled by code molecules



B)



In each cell there are molecules



C)



Code molecules are responsible for the growth and development of every living organism



D)



Most plants and animals begin life as a single cell



E)



A number of new discoveries have been related to cells



76. From the beginning, my little daughter always wanted to play with dolls; nothing else interested her. ----. Usually she would play with them, but only out of politeness. She always fitted in with other children. But she found no pleasure in guns or, indeed, in anything boyish.



74. Paper is not a new invention. ----. Much later, during the Middle Ages, it was brought to Europe by the Arabs. Then its use spread to America and to every land where people needed something to write on. The use of paper was further increased with the spread of reading and writing. A)



A)



A)



Some little girls, however, are not so interested in dolls



B)



Other children occasionally wanted her to play with toy guns when she went to play in their houses



C)



Boys, on the whole, want guns and like to play war games



D)



Her mother was delighted; she didn’t want any war toys in the house



E)



She also spent a lot of time drawing



77.–84. sorularda, verilen duruma uygun düşen ifadeyi bulunuz. 77. You have just heard that a friend came in first in the 200 m race in quite a big athletics competition. You know he trained really hard and so you are very pleased for him. You phone to congratulate him and say: A)



Well done! You deserved to win and I’m delighted for you!



B)



What lovely news! But, I didn’t expect the others to be so close.



C)



You did very well. With a bit more effort you could have won!



D)



Were you surprised you won the race?



E)



I know you won. But was your trainer pleased with the time you did it in?



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



55



78. You have an exam tomorrow and your brother is listening to pop music on the TV. You wouldn’t mind if only it wasn’t so loud, but he has got the volume turned up so high that you are going mad. So you say: A)



Must you listen to that awful music? It’s stopping me from working.



B)



It’s just the kind of music I like, but I really mustn’t listen now.



80. You are taking some English friends to visit the ancient ruins at Pergamum, which you know they will love. As you know how hot it gets there in the middle of the day, and how crowded, you suggest an early start. You say:



C)



I have done enough revision for today. So turn the volume up and let’s listen together.



D)



Who is the singer? He is really very good!



E)



Oh do turn the volume down! I’m trying to revise for an exam.



79. It’s Beth’s birthday in a few days. You and a few other friends have been invited to her birthday party. You happen to know that there is a rather expensive art book that she would love to have. You think the friends should get together and buy it for her. You say: A) B)



Let’s go shopping tomorrow and see if we can find a nice book on art for Beth. There’s a very special art book I’ve seen Beth looking at longingly. How about making it a joint present from all of us?



C)



I still haven’t got a present for Beth. Have any of you? If you like we can choose an art book together.



D)



Has anyone got any good ideas about what to give Beth on her birthday? An art book perhaps?



E)



As Beth seems determined to go to an Art School, l thought I’d get her a book on art.



A)



Make sure you wear comfortable shoes because we shall be starting early in the day and doing a lot of walking at Pergamum.



B)



There is no shade in Pergamum, and it gets very hot so make sure you bring sunhats with you.



C)



If we don’t set off early in the morning, we won’t be able to see all there is to see at Pergamum.



D)



Pergamum is a fascinating place, you’ll love it. I want us to walk around and see everything.



E)



You’re going to enjoy Pergamum; but we should try to get there fairly early, to avoid both the crowds and the heat.



81. You overhear your brother saying he is going to the library. As one of your library books is near the deadline for return, you ask him to take it in for you. You say: A)



Can you take some books back for me? I’m afraid they are all overdue.



B)



If you’re going this afternoon, I’ll come with you. I’ve got several books to return.



C)



Would you mind taking this book back for me? It’s got to be returned in a day or two.



D)



I went to the library yesterday. I could have taken your books back for you.



E)



Are you sure the library is open in the afternoon? I must return some books.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



56



82. You know your mother is busy these days but you want her to make a chocolate cake for the picnic the class is organizing at the weekend, and friends have been asking for one. You say: A) B) C) D)



E)



Who is going to make the chocolate cake for the picnic? I will if you like.



A)



You will make a cake for our picnic, won’t you? Any sort of cake will do. Even a chocolate cake.



He looks like being in bed for a month or more, so we’d better visit him one at a time.



B)



I want to go on the class picnic, and take a chocolate cake; will that be OK, mum?



I went yesterday to see this friend and he’s clearly lonely; can’t you go today?



C)



He asked what you were all doing and really wishes you would go to see him.



D)



Let’s organize ourselves so that one or two of us go to visit him at least every other day.



E)



He doesn’t complain but he is lonely; so I do think we should try to visit him at the weekend, don’t you?



Mum, can you find time to make one of your chocolate cakes for our picnic? You know how everyone loves them. Mum, I told the friends I’d make a chocolate cake for the class picnic; but I’m afraid you’ll have to show me how.



83. An office friend is clearly in need of a change; so, as it happens to be a lovely day, you decide to try to get her outside during the lunch break. You say: A)



B)



It’s far too nice a day to stay indoors. Let’s get some food and take it into the park and have lunch there.



85.–92. sorularda, karşõlõklõ konuşmanõn boş bõrakõlan kõsmõnda söylenmiş olabilecek sözü bulunuz.



85. Jennifer : - Hi mum! It’s Jennifer.



What’s the matter with you? You look so worried! Why not tell me all about it over lunch?



C)



I want to go shopping in the lunch break. Would you care to join me if the rain stops?



D)



There’s a table tennis match going on in the sports room downstairs during the lunch break. I thought we might go and watch it. It’ll make a nice change.



E)



84. A friend is ill and confined to his bed and you know he really must be terribly bored and in need of company. You want to start an efficient system of visiting, so that he’ll never be alone two days in succession. So you say to some friends:



Mother : - Yes dear, is all going well? Do you need any help? Jennifer - ----



:



Mother : - Of course not! How could I have done?



If the weather’s nice at the weekend, we plan to go to the lake and have a picnic there; Saturday, probably. Would you like to join us?



A)



No I don’t. But I do feel excited!



B)



Not just now; maybe I will later. You will come early, won’t you?



C)



No; I just wanted to make sure you hadn’t forgotten about the concert tonight.



D)



I’m fine thanks. What will you be wearing for the concert? Wear something plain!



E)



Not really. All is in order. We might have another short rehearsal. Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



57



86. Jane : - What’s your new secretary like? Brian - ----



88. Gillian : - Was that your sister you were talking to just now?



:



Pam : - Yes it was. She’s just here for the weekend; she lives in Liverpool now.



Jane : - No, I really wanted to know if she’s a good secretary; efficient and so on. Brian : - Oh yes; she’s very competent and hardworking. The boss chose her! A)



I really don’t know. She was with the old secretary all day learning about the things she has to do.



Gillian - ----



:



Pam : - She was offered rather a good job there and decided to take it. A)



I wonder what you and l will be doing three years from now.



B)



She’s changed a lot. In fact, l wasn’t sure it was her.



C) I’ve been far too busy to notice.



C)



She used to work in a bank, didn’t she?



D) Ask me again next week when I’ll probably know what she can do.



D)



Really? Why has she moved there?



E)



It must be awfully nice to have a big sister, l wish l had one.



B)



E)



It’s too early to say yet. She’s only been with me for a day.



In appearance, do you mean? Well, she’s turned forty and rather plain.



89. Father : - I see you’re reading another book on aircraft.



87. Wendy : - How often do you go to the cinema? Shirley - ----



Son : - Yes. I got this one out of the library today. It’s right up to date on aircraft design.



:



Wendy : - So, I reckon you really hate watching films.



Father - ----



Shirley : - I usually do; but I’ve seen a few films that l really enjoyed.



Son : - Yes, I hope so. That’s certainly what I want to specialize in.



A)



Never! At least not since l was taken as a child.



A)



B)



Very rarely. Perhaps once a year, perhaps not even that.



Are you going to make a career of aircraft design?



B)



You’re not hoping to become a pilot, are you?



C)



At least once a week. What about you?



C)



D)



I don’t go regularly. In fact, I’d go more often if I had time.



You’ve always been keen on aircraft, even as a child.



D)



E)



Quite often in the winter but never in the summer.



I can’t understand why you’re so interested in them!



E)



What are the major stages of aircraft design?



:



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



58



90. James : - Does your brother find his work in the bank interesting?



92. Tony : - Are you going on a walking holiday again this year? Andrew : - No, I’m going on a cycling holiday. You can get farther on a bike.



Andrew : - Yes. Usually anyway. In his opinion the worst thing is the hours. There is often a lot of overtime. James - ----



Tony - ----



:



Andrew : - No neither have I. It doesn’t matter. We don’t have to go long distances everyday.



Andrew : - But all jobs have a fair bit of that. A)



Yes. Someone else said that. But it is only certain times of the year, isn’t it?



B)



I wouldn’t mind that so long as the work is interesting.



C) Actually, I wouldn’t mind that. What I hate is routine work. D) It wouldn’t be a problem for me if you got paid extra for it. E)



:



But is there much variety in the work? That’s really what I want to know.



A)



You know I’d love to join you, but I haven’t done much cycling.



B)



My ideas of the perfect holiday is something much more restful.



C)



Where are you thinking of going? Somewhere mountainous?



D)



That would be too energetic for me. I’m lazy, I suppose.



E)



I think it’s time I did something more adventurous like that.



93.–100. sorularda, sõrasõyla okunduğunda anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. 91. Lucy : - I hear Mary got the first prize in that painting competition.



93. (I) After the conquest of Istanbul in 1453 many splendid mosques were built in that city. (II) The inner walls of these mosques were mostly decorated with tiles made in Iznik. (III) Decorative tile work was invented in the Near East as a protection for walls of sun-dried brick. (IV) These were painted in rich colours on a white ground. (V) The patterns were floral and arabesque, similar to those used on the pottery also made there.



Rosemary : - ---Lucy : - Did she really? Rosemary : - Yes she did. I saw her painting and it really was good. A)



She’s developing a new style that is most interesting.



B)



Well, that’s a surprise! She’ll be pleased.



C)



I thought she might. It was a good picture.



D)



She’s really a very talented young woman.



E)



Oh, I’m so glad. She certainly deserved it.



A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



94. (I) Most students probably regard mathematics as the most difficult course they take. (II) This is largely because they think it is difficult or have been told that it is. (III) In fact, it really isn’t difficult at all. (IV) In order to learn mathematics one simply needs to concentrate and practise the materials. (V) The mathematics classes of good modern schools are very different from the classes of thirty or forty years ago. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



59



95. (I) Thermal pollution often occurs when factories use water from rivers and lakes to cool their machinery. (II) In the process, of course, the water is heated. (III) This heated water is then returned to the environment. (IV) New and better methods of preventing thermal pollution must be found. (V) But heated water holds less dissolved oxygen than cool water, so plants and animals that use this water may die from oxygen starvation. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



99. (I) People say it is easier to learn a foreign language when one is young. (II) After all, we all learn a language in our infancy without even being aware of it. (III) With this in mind, a lot of kindergartens try to introduce the children to a foreign language. (IV) One should not forget that some people learn a foreign language easily while others don’t. (V) In theory this is an excellent plan, but the results have not been as successful as one might have hoped.



E) V



A) I



96. (I) The work of oceanographers is extremely varied. (II) They study fish and marine life in general. (III) They also explore ocean bottoms to learn how they were formed and what they are made of. (IV) Further, they study currents and tides and the effects of ocean pollution. (V) Actually, it is not only the seas that have become polluted, but also rivers and lakes. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



B) II



C) III



D) IV



100. (I) The Dutch painter, Vermeer, was born in Delft in 1632. (II) The contrast here between the trivial subject and the monumental design is disturbing. (III) Most of his pictures show the interiors of ordinary houses. (IV) The figures are usually eating or letter writing or music making. (V) The ordinary scenes, however, are transformed by his brilliant use of light.



E) V



A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



97. (I) What is coal? (II) How did it get into the ground? (III) Coal mining has always been tough and dangerous. (IV) Coal is the remains of plants that died millions of years ago. (V) Prehistoric dead plants were converted into coal by chemical changes over long periods of time. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



TEST BİTTİ. CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.



98. (I) No one really knows how we learn to speak. (II) Some people have disorders that affect their speech. (III) Some think that we are born with an inherited ability to learn a language. (IV) Others think that a child learns to speak simply by copying what it hears. (V) But one thing is certain: children are born with a strong desire to communicate with the people around them. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



E) V



60



E) V



YABANCI DİL TESTİ



İNGİLİZCE YABANCI DİL TESTLERİNİN CEVAP ANAHTARLARI BİRBİRİNDEN FARKLIDIR. YABANCI DİLİNİZİ CEVAP KÂĞIDINIZDA AYRILAN YERE İŞARETLEMEYİ UNUTMAYINIZ.



1. Cevap kâğõdõnda, sõnav yabancõ dilinizi (İNGİLİZCE) işaretlemeyi unutmayõnõz. 2. Bu testten alacağõnõz standart puan, Yabancõ Dil Ağõrlõklõ ÖSS Puanõnõzõn hesaplanmasõnda 1,8 katsayõsõ ile çarpõlacaktõr. 3. Bu testte 100 soru vardõr. 4. Cevaplamaya istediğiniz sorudan başlayabilirsiniz. 5. Sayfalar üzerindeki boş yerleri müsvedde için kullanabilirsiniz.



4. Frederick Taylor is ---- known as the founder of the scientific management movement.



1. – 18. sorularda, cümlede boş bõrakõlan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. 1. William Wordsworth was a poet of nature, and had the special ---- to throw charm over ordinary things. A) ability



B) verse D) admiration



A) alternatively



B) fluently



C) hopefully



D) widely E) sensitively



C) topic E) illusion



5. The tourists had intended to walk along the coast to the next town but were ---- from doing so by the stormy weather.



2. No one knows for certain when the first AngloSaxon settlements were made in Britain, but it is ---- that some of them at any rate were founded about the middle of the fifth century A.D. A) temporary



B) vital



C) probable



D) contemporary



A) deceived



B) influenced



C) compelled



D) encouraged E) prevented



E) urgent



6. Much of every teacher’s time is ---- marking papers.



3. James Joyce was born and educated in Ireland but spent most of his ---- life in Europe, mainly in France, Italy and Switzerland. A) superficial



B) adult



C) competitive



D) coherent



A) brought up



B) taken up with



C) held up



D) made out E) carried out



E) precise



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



42



7. One professor who ---- on the development of robots ---- us that robots could take over the world. A)



has worked / will have warned



B)



was working / would warn



11. This will be the first time that Tarkan is giving a concert in the US, ----? A) won’t it



B) won’t he



C) is he



D) isn’t it E) will it



C) is working / has warned D) worked / will warn E)



had worked / warns 12. When he had grown accustomed to their ways, he began to feel an increasing admiration ---- and understanding ---- their tribal customs.



8. By the year 2010, he ---- here for 30 years. A) will have been working



A) of / by



B) to / in



C) from / for



D) for / of E) over / at



B) will work C) had worked D) will be working E) has been working



13. A great many artists are clearly fascinated ---- the sea and paint it ---- all its different moods. A) with / at



B) from / for



C) to / by



D) over / through



9. By the time the boss ----, his secretary ---- typing the report.



E) by / in



A) had arrived / finished B) arrives / has finished C) has arrived / is finishing



14. My books are still on the table where I left ----, but ---- have been stolen.



D) is arriving / finishes E) arrived / had finished



A) mine / they



B) us / those



C) them / hers



D) those / these E) hers / mine



10. I don’t want us to be late for the meeting, so we ---- take a taxi. A) have had to



B) are able to



C) had to



D) had better



15. The new personnel manager told us that he had visited ---- countries in Europe.



E) needed



A) a great deal of



B) a number of



C) much



D) as many E) any



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



43



16. An earthquake is a movement of the earth’s surface ---- follows a setting free of energy at the surface of the earth. A) where



B) when



C) whose



D) whom



20. All opposition to the project vanished ----. A) as soon as everyone realized how much money they could earn through it B) after financial support has finally been promised C) which has attracted so much attention



E) which



D) if it seemed likely that it wouldn’t take up too much time E) as more and more people are starting to work on it in their free time



17. ---- so many of the team members were ill, it’s not surprising that we lost the match. A) In contrast



B) Due to



C) Since



D) Likewise



21. You can only write a good summary of a passage ----. A) if you ever need to go back to review it B) why you have read it carefully



E) Nonetheless



C) when you have fully understood it D) that it uses words from the essay E) whether the summary is objective 18. ---- broke the window will have to pay for a new one. A) Who



B) Whoever



C) Anyone



D) Someone



22. ---- when we saw five masked men running out of the bank. A) We didn’t recognize them at all



E) The one



B) We immediately informed the police C) We’re not sure if it is them D) The situation is certainly unusual E) The alarm system needs to be repaired



19. – 24. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz. 19. The fire was already spreading to the next building ----.



23. ---- that experiment and reason became the basis of scientific knowledge.



A) since the wind may blow even more strongly



A) It was referred to Galileo



B) that no one knew why it had started



B) Galileo attacked the much admired teachings of Aristotle



C) unless the firemen can come at once



C) In Galileo’s time a great many people were involved



D) as the first fire engine arrived E) though everyone had managed to get out safely



D) It is largely due to Galileo and his discoveries E) A number of theories concerning the universe were proved wrong by Galileo



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



44



24. If we had run to catch the bus, ----.



26. Thomas Gray, who was an eighteenth-century English poet, stressed that a certain measure of learning and a long acquaintance with the good writers of the past were essential for the writing of good poetry.



A) the others have warned us about the heavy traffic B) we could get to the library before it closed



A) İyi şiir yazmak için çok bilgili olmanõn ve geçmişin iyi yazarlarõnõ tanõmanõn gerekli olduğunu vurgulayan Thomas Gray, bir on sekizinci yüzyõl İngiliz şairiydi.



C) I dropped my glasses on the pavement D) we may have attended the lecture E) it wouldn’t have been necessary to take a taxi



B) Bir on sekizinci yüzyõl İngiliz şairi olan Thomas Gray, iyi şiir yazmak için, belli ölçüde bilginin ve geçmişin iyi yazarlarõyla uzun bir tanõşõklõğõn esas olduğunu vurgulamõştõr. C) Belli düzeyde bilginin ve geçmişin iyi şairlerini tanõmanõn, iyi şiir yazmanõn temeli olduğunu vurgulayanlardan biri de on sekizinci yüzyõl İngiliz şairlerinden Thomas Gray’dir. D) On sekizinci yüzyõl İngiliz şairi Thomas Gray, şiir yazmak için yeterli bilginin yanõ sõra geçmişin iyi yazarlarõnõ tanõmanõn da gerekli olduğunu vurgulamõştõr. E) On sekizinci yüzyõl İngiliz şairi Thomas Gray, iyi şiir yazmanõn temelinde, yeterli ölçüde bilgi ve geçmişin iyi yazarlarõnõ iyi tanõmanõn olduğunu vurgulamõştõr.



25. – 32. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümlenin anlamca en yakõn Türkçe dengini bulunuz. 25. The Austrian composer Haydn’s contributions to classical music, especially in the domain of symphony, are of immense importance for the influence they exercised upon Mozart and other composers. A) Avusturyalõ besteci Haydn’õn klasik müziğe, özellikle senfoni alanõna katkõlarõ, Mozart ve diğer besteciler üzerine yaptõğõ etkilerden dolayõ çok büyük önem taşõr. B) Mozart ve diğer besteciler üzerinde etkili olan Avusturyalõ besteci Haydn’õn klasik müziğe, özellikle senfoni alanõna yaptõğõ katkõlarõ oldukça önemlidir.



27. The Hittites were an ancient Anatolian people, who, during the second millennium B.C., founded an empire and for a time ruled over a large part of the Middle East. A) Belli bir süre tüm Ortadoğu’yu yöneten Hititler, MÖ ikinci bin yõl içinde imparatorluk haline gelmiş eski bir Anadolu halkõydõ. B) Eski bir Anadolu halkõ olan Hititler, MÖ ikinci bin yõlda kurduklarõ imparatorlukla Ortadoğu’nun büyük bir bölümünü çok uzun süre yönetmiştir. C) MÖ ikinci bin yõl içinde imparatorluk kurmuş olan Hititler, Ortadoğu’nun çok büyük bir kesimini yönetmiş eski bir Anadolu halkõydõ.



C) Klasik müziğe, özellikle senfoni türüne katkõlarõ çok önemli olan Avusturyalõ besteci Haydn, Mozart ve diğer besteciler üzerinde etkili olmuştur.



D) Eski bir Anadolu halkõ olarak Hititler, MÖ ikinci bin yõlda bir imparatorluk kurmuşlar ve Ortadoğu’nun büyük bir bölümüne uzun süre hükmetmişlerdir.



D) Özellikle senfoni türündeki klasik müziğe yaptõğõ katkõlarõ büyük önem taşõyan Avusturyalõ besteci Haydn’õn, Mozart ve diğer besteciler üzerindeki etkisi büyüktür. E) Klasik müziğin özellikle senfoni dalõna yaptõğõ katkõlarõ çok büyük önem taşõyan Avusturyalõ besteci Haydn’õn, Mozart ve diğer besteciler üzerindeki etkisi kapsamlõ olmuştur.



E) Hititler, MÖ ikinci bin yõl içinde bir imparatorluk kurmuş ve bir süre Ortadoğu’nun büyük bir bölümüne hükmetmiş eski bir Anadolu halkõydõ.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



45



28. Pluto, which was discovered in 1930, has an orbit which is much more elliptical than the other planetary orbits.



30. The Old English language, also called AngloSaxon, can only be read today by those who have made a special study of it.



A) Yörüngesi, diğer gezegenlerin yörüngelerine kõyasla oldukça oval olan Plüton, 1930’da keşfedilmiştir.



A) Anglo-Sakson adõ verilen eski İngiliz dili, bugün, özel öğrenim görmüş kişiler tarafõndan kolayca okunabilmektedir.



B) Plüton 1930’da keşfedilmiş ve diğer gezegenlerin yörüngelerinden biraz daha oval bir yörüngede hareket ettiği anlaşõlmõştõr.



B) Anglo-Sakson adõ da verilen İngiliz dili, bugün sadece özel öğrenim görmüş çok az kişinin okuyabildiği bir dil durumuna gelmiştir.



C) 1930’da keşfedilen Plüton, diğer gezegen yörüngelerinden çok daha oval olan bir yörüngeye sahiptir.



C) Ancak özel öğrenim görenlerin anlayabildiği eski İngiliz diline, bugün Anglo-Sakson da denilmektedir.



D) Plüton’un yörüngesinin diğer gezegenlerin yörüngelerinden daha oval olduğu, 1930’da keşfedilmiştir.



D) Bugün Anglo-Sakson adõ verilen eski İngiliz dilini okuyabilmek için, bu dilde özel öğrenim görmüş olmak gerekmektedir.



E) Plüton 1930’da keşfedildiğinde, yörüngesinin diğer gezegenlere göre daha oval olduğu görülmüştür.



E) Anglo-Sakson adõ da verilen eski İngiliz dili, bugün sadece, bu dilin özel öğrenimini görmüş olanlar tarafõndan okunabilmektedir.



31. From the 1960s onwards, there has been an increasing interest in the West in books written by and about women, and several publishing firms have been set up to meet this interest.



29. No certainty has yet been reached about the meaning of the name “London”, but it was the Romans who almost certainly founded the city.



A) 1960’lardan itibaren Batõ’da, kadõnlar tarafõndan ve kadõnlar hakkõnda yazõlan kitaplara giderek artan bir ilgi olmuş ve bu ilgiyi karşõlamak için birçok yayõn şirketi kurulmuştur.



A) “Londra” adõnõn anlamõna ilişkin bir kesinliğe henüz ulaşõlamamõştõr, ancak şehri kuranlar, hemen hemen kesinlikle Romalõlardõ.



B) 1960’lardan sonra, kadõnlar tarafõndan ve kadõnlar hakkõnda yazõlan kitaplara aşõrõ bir ilgi oluşunca, ihtiyacõ karşõlamak için Batõ’da pek çok yayõn şirketi kurulmuştur.



B) “Londra” adõnõn ne anlama geldiğine ilişkin hiçbir kesinlik yoktur, ancak şehri Romalõlarõn kurmuş olduğu kesindir.



C) 1960’larda Batõ’da kadõnlar tarafõndan ve kadõnlar hakkõnda yazõlan kitaplara ilgi artõnca, bunun sonucu çok sayõda yayõn şirketi kurulmuştur.



C) Londra’yõ kuranlarõn Romalõlar olduğu hemen hemen kesin ise de “Londra” adõnõn anlamõna ilişkin bilgiler kesin değildir.



D) 1960’lardan sonra Batõ’da kurulan çeşitli yayõn şirketleri, kadõnlar tarafõndan ve kadõnlar hakkõnda yazõlan kitaplara giderek artan bir ilgi göstermişlerdir.



D) Londra’yõ Romalõlarõn kurmuş olduğu kesindir, fakat “Londra” adõnõn ne anlama geldiği hususunda kesin bir kanõta ulaşõlamamõştõr. E) “Londra” adõnõn anlamõ hakkõnda kesin kanõtlara ulaşõlamamõş olmasõna rağmen, şehrin Romalõlar tarafõndan kurulmuş olduğu kesindir.



E) Kadõnlar hakkõnda ve kadõnlar tarafõndan yazõlan kitaplarõn giderek artan bir ilgi görmesi üzerine, 1960’larda Batõ’da çeşitli yayõn şirketleri kurulmuştur.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



46



32. In antiquity it was believed that the Amazons had their right breast removed in order to hold a bow better.



34. Sokrates’in eğitime ahlaki bir yaklaşõmõ vardõ ve o eğitimin insanõ daha mutlu ve daha iyi bir yurttaş yaptõğõna inanõyordu.



A) Eskiden de inanõldõğõ gibi, Amazonlar yayõ çok daha etkili kullanmak için sağ göğüslerini aldõrõyorlardõ.



A) Socrates approached education from an ethical point of view and argued that through education a man could be a happier and better citizen.



B) Eski çağlarda, Amazonlarõn, iyi yay kullanabilmek için sağ göğüslerini aldõrdõklarõ sanõlõyor.



B) Socrates favoured the ethical approach to education and believed that the educated man was a happier and better person.



C) Eskiçağda, Amazonlarõn, yayõ daha iyi tutmak için sağ göğüslerini aldõrdõklarõna inanõlõyordu. D) Eski çağlarda herkes, Amazonlarõn, yayõ daha iyi çekmek için sağ göğüslerini aldõrdõklarõna inanõyordu. E) Eskiçağda, sağ göğüslerini aldõran Amazonlarõn yayõ daha etkili kullandõklarõna inanõlõyordu.



C) Socrates had an ethical approach to education and believed that education made man a happier and a better citizen. D) For Socrates, the teaching of ethical values was fundamental to education and to the creation of happier and better citizens. E) The creation of happier and better citizens was, in Socrates’ view, made possible by the teaching of ethical values.



33. – 40. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümlenin anlamca en yakõn İngilizce dengini bulunuz.



35. George Orwell’õ en çok ilgilendiren ve hakkõnda kendisinin en sõk yazdõğõ konulardan biri, edebiyat ile siyaset arasõndaki ilişkiydi.



33. Cleveland’da doğmuş siyah bir Amerikalõ atlet olan Jesse Owens, 1936’da Berlin’de yapõlan Olimpiyat Oyunlarõna katõlmõş ve dört altõn madalya kazanmõştõr.



A) One of the subjects that most interested George Orwell, and on which he wrote most often, was the relationship between literature and politics. B) George Orwell was particularly interested in the relationship between literature and politics and frequently wrote about it.



A) The black American athlete Jesse Owens, who was born in Cleveland, competed in the Berlin Olympic Games in 1936 and won four gold medals. B) Jesse Owens, who was a black American athlete born in Cleveland, took part in the Olympic Games held in Berlin in 1936 and won four gold medals. C) The Cleveland-born, black American athlete Jesse Owens, won four gold medals in the Olympic Games held in Berlin in 1936. D) Jesse Owens, the black American athlete born in Cleveland, was awarded four gold medals at the Berlin Olympic Games of 1936.



C) George Orwell liked to write about how literature and politics were connected, as this was a subject that interested him greatly. D) Literature and politics and the relationship between them were topics that George Orwell found immensely interesting and wrote about them frequently. E) One of George Orwell’s favourite subjects was the relationship between literature and politics so he often wrote about it.



E) At the Olympic Games held in Berlin in 1936, four gold medals went to Jesse Owens, the black American athlete born in Cleveland.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



47



36. Polisiye roman, 19. yüzyõlõn sonuna doğru, özellikle Sherlock Holmes hikâyeleriyle çok yaygõnlõk kazanan bir yazõn biçimidir.



38. İlk Dünya Kupasõ 1930’da Montevideo’da yapõldõ, ancak böyle bir yarõşma kavramõ, 1920’de Antwerp’te yapõlan bir FIFA kongresinde doğmuştu.



A) The Sherlock Holmes stories helped to make the th detective novel so popular at the end of the 19 century. B) The detective novel is a form of writing, which th became very popular towards the end of the 19 century, particularly through the Sherlock Holmes stories. C) The most popular examples of the detective th novel, written in the late 19 century, were the Sherlock Holmes stories.



A) It wasn’t until 1930 that the first World Cup was held in Montevideo, but the concept of such a world competition had been born at a FIFA meeting in Antwerp in 1920. B) It was in Montevideo in 1930 that the first World Cup was held, but the possibility of such a competition had been discussed at a FIFA congress in Antwerp in 1920. C) In 1920, at a FIFA congress in Antwerp, the concept of such a competition came into being and resulted in the first World Cup in 1930 in Montevideo.



th



D) By the end of the 19 century, the Sherlock Holmes stories had made the detective novel one of the most popular types of writing.



D) The first World Cup was held in Montevideo in 1930, but the need for a competition of this kind had been recognized at the FIFA congress in Antwerp in 1920.



E) With the Sherlock Holmes stories towards the th end of the 19 century, the detective novel became quite the most popular type of writing.



E) The first World Cup was held in Montevideo in 1930, but the concept of such a competition had been born at a FIFA congress held in Antwerp in 1920.



37. Charles Kingsley, Su Bebekleri’ni en küçük çocuğu için, ona doğruyu, merhameti, adaleti ve aslõnda bütün soylu nitelikleri sevmeyi öğretmek umuduyla yazdõ.



39. Shakespeare’in Coriolanus tragedyasõ, halka hakaret ettiği için Roma’dan sürülen mağrur komutan Caius Marcus Coriolanus’un yaşamõnõ ve ölümünü ele alõr.



A) The Water Babies was written by Charles Kingsley in an effort to help young children admire such noble qualities as truth, mercy and justice.



A) Shakespeare’s tragedy Coriolanus is based on the life and death of the proud commander Caius Marcus Coriolanus who was driven out of Rome by the angry people there.



B) The Water Babies by Charles Kingsley aims to teach young children to love truth, mercy and justice as well as other noble qualities.



B) The life and death of Caius Marcus Coriolanus, a confident commander who was driven out of Rome for ill-treating the people, is the subject of Shakespeare’s tragedy Coriolanus.



C) The Water Babies is by Charles Kingsley, and he wrote it to teach his youngest child about such noble qualities as truth, mercy and justice. D) Charles Kingsley wrote The Water Babies for his youngest child, hoping to teach him to love truth, mercy and justice and indeed all noble qualities. E) Truth, mercy and justice are just some of the noble qualities Charles Kingsley hoped to teach his youngest child through The Water Babies.



C) Shakespeare’s tragedy Coriolanus concerns the life and death of Caius Marcus Coriolanus, a proud commander driven from Rome for insulting the people. D) The tragedy, Coriolanus, by Shakespeare, is based on the life and death of the proud commander Caius Marcus Coriolanus forced by the people he had insulted there, to leave Rome. E) Shakespeare’s tragedy Coriolanus is about the arrogant commander Caius Marcus Coriolanus who so insulted the people of Rome that they drove him out of their city.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



48



40. Thomas Hardy daha çok bir romancõ olarak bilinir, ancak o, uzun yaşamõ boyunca şiir yazmõş ve bunu, romanlarõndan çok daha önemli görmüştür. A) It is as a novelist that most people think of Thomas Hardy, but he wrote poetry all through his long life and gave more importance to this than to his novels.



41. According to the passage, the most likely reason for the popularity of Pride and Prejudice is ----. A) the characters, who delight the reader with their vitality and life-like portrayal B) that the films made of it have been very well produced



B) Though Thomas Hardy is better known as a novelist, he regarded his poetry as more important than his novels, and continued to write it to the end of his long life.



C) that the bad characters get punished and the good ones rewarded



C) Thomas Hardy wrote poetry all through his long life and regarded it as more important than his novels, though these are what he is known for.



E) the simple style in which it is written



D) the comic attitude to life that it expresses



D) Thomas Hardy is largely known for his novels, but he himself gave more importance to his poetry and continued to write it until the end of his long life. E) Thomas Hardy is better known as a novelist, but he wrote poetry throughout his long life and regarded it as far more important than his novels.



42. The point is made in the passage that in real life ----. A) a person’s faults needn’t disturb us if we don’t get too intimate with that person B) a person’s faults are less noticeable than they are in a novel C) one usually forgives the faults of one’s own family D) a person’s faults may annoy us whereas in a novel the same faults may amuse us E) it’s best to ignore people’s faults but in a novel it’s best to enjoy them



41. – 43. sorularõ aşağõdaki parçaya göre cevaplayõnõz. Of all Jane Austen’s novels, Pride and Prejudice is probably the best-known and the most-loved. This may be partly because it has been filmed several times, but more important is the fact that the characters in it are so real and alive. They are also extremely attractive, in spite of their faults. Perhaps they are attractive because of their faults, for their faults make them amusing to the reader. It would not be at all pleasant to have a mother as lacking in sense as Mrs Bennet is, or an aunt as confident of herself and as insensitive to the feelings of others as Lady Catherine is. But, as they are at a safe distance from us, these and other “terrible” characters give the novel much colour and variety.



43. It is clear from the passage that Lady Catherine ----. A) and Mrs Bennet are extremely good friends B) has constantly hurt Mrs Bennet’s feelings C) cares for no one but herself D) is the main character in Pride and Prejudice E) is definitely the worst character in the novel



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



49



45. It’s clear from the passage that the steel structure supporting the Lovell Telescope ----.



44. – 46. sorularõ aşağõdaki parçaya göre cevaplayõnõz. The Lovell Telescope is the world’s oldest and most sensitive radio telescope. It consists of a giant white dish supported at a great height on a large and complicated structure of steel. The telescope can pick up signals in the universe that are 10 billion light years away. And so it is truly extraordinary. The steel structure that carries it, however, has the usual and very ordinary disadvantage of being liable to rust. This of course means that it has to be painted regularly. Painting this, however, is not an ordinary or a simple task. The men who do the painting are given a special training which includes rescue work. As they do the painting, the men work from ropes as this is the method which has been found to be the safest way of working at a height.



A) should have been given a less complicated design B) turned out to be more expensive than had been estimated C) has to be replaced completely at regular intervals D) presents a serious maintenance problem E) has to be painted at least once a year



46. It is clear from the passage that the work of painting the steel structure of this telescope ----.



44. It is pointed out in the passage that the Lovell Telescope ----.



A) requires special skills and is also comparatively dangerous



A) only picks up signals effectively when the angle of the dish is in line with them



B) is quite straightforward once the method has been learned



B) can pick up signals that are an immense distance away



C) requires the removal of the dish



C) is no longer the world’s most sensitive radio telescope



D) is relatively easy but extremely boring E) can be done by anyone who knows how to paint



D) does not need to be supported at a great height in order to function efficiently E) is old and so less efficient than it used to be



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



50



48. It is clear from the passage that the boy Nelson ----.



47. – 49. sorularõ aşağõdaki parçaya göre cevaplayõnõz.



A) is not at all interested in his school work Before leaving for school at noon, Nelson Carvalho, a seven-year child, living on a small island off West Africa, happily feeds and waters the pigs and goats, the cow and the donkey. He fetches drinking water from the source, a 20-minute walk down a sandy path and up a steep hill, carrying a 5-litre jar on his head. He might help his grandmother too. Afterwards, he will walk barefoot for nearly an hour among the rocky hills, under the blazing sun, before sitting down, tired out, at his desk at the school. A glass of milk and a dried pear gives him back his energy and gets him ready for lessons. Before leaving school in mid-afternoon, he will be given a bowl of rice and chicken, or a rich soup. Every school child on the island like Nelson Carvalho, is given a hot meal and a snack provided by the World Food Programme, every day, six days a week.



B) spends a great deal of time each day walking over difficult ground C) dislikes doing all the jobs they make him do on the farm D) lives with his grandmother who has no one but him to help her E) is only going to school because he wants to have a better life in the future



49. From the passage, it is clear that the boy Nelson constantly needs energy-giving foods ----.



47. From the passage we learn about ----. A) the education of poor children in West Africa



A) though the World Food Programme does not realize this



B) the working conditions of people on a poor African island



B) such as his grandmother provides for him



C) a typical day in the life of a child on an island off West Africa



C) in order to protect him from various diseases D) because of the hard physical life he leads



D) the interesting customs and activities of island children close to West Africa



E) though these are almost impossible to get on this poor island



E) the traditional food given to children on an African island



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



51



51. We understand from the passage that, in this nursery, baby elephants ----.



50. – 52. sorularõ aşağõdaki parçaya göre cevaplayõnõz. In one part of the Nairobi National Park there is a nursery for baby elephants whose mothers have been killed. There are at least two African keepers for each baby elephant, and a strong feeling of love soon develops between them. The keepers spend all day out in the park with the young elephants, helping them to learn which foods are best to eat and to become confident among the sounds and smells of nature just as their natural mothers would have done. Each evening they return to the nursery. And, after a feed of milk, the young elephants settle down beside their favourite keepers and presently fall asleep.



50. From the passage, it is quite obvious that the keepers described ----.



A) are not only fed but also helped to adapt themselves to the natural environment B) spend a good part of each day exploring the park by themselves C) are looked after by keepers because the mother elephants have deserted them D) take a very long time to get used to their keepers and trust them E) are rarely treated as well as they ought to be



52. One can conclude from the details given in the passage that the job the keepers do ----.



A) are responsible for all the nurseries throughout the Nairobi National Park



A) is largely concerned with feeding and physical exercising



B) are somewhat indifferent to the needs of the baby elephants



B) is an easy one, but extremely boring



C) are over-worked because they have to look after so many baby elephants



C) requires a period of thorough training in veterinary skills



D) actually know little about elephants and their environment



D) requires a deep understanding of the nature and needs of baby elephants



E) have taken over the role of mother elephants for the baby elephants



E) cannot compare at all with the way a mother elephant brings up her baby



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



52



54. It is clear from the passage that, even though Galileo was supposed to be studying medicine, ----.



53. – 55. sorularõ aşağõdaki parçaya göre cevaplayõnõz. Born in Pisa on 15 February 1564, Galileo was the son of a court musician to the Duke of Tuscany. At the age of 17, he entered the University of Pisa to study medicine, at his father’s insistence. But Galileo secretly attended lectures given by Ostilio Ricci, court mathematician, and heard of a revolutionary idea: that mathematics could explain natural phenomena like the movement of the planets. This hardly seems th surprising today, but back in the 16 century most academics insisted that all knowledge about the cosmos came from one source: the Greek philosopher Aristotle.



53. It is pointed out in the passage that in the age of Galileo, ----.



A) he followed his father’s advice and took courses in mathematics B) it was mathematics that really interested him C) he spent a great deal of time studying Aristotle’s philosophy D) he soon discovered that this was not well taught at the University of Pisa E) he would much rather have been a musician like his father



55. We understand from the passage that the ideas of Aristotle ----.



A) medicine was the most popular subject taught at the universities



A) were still usually accepted as completely true in th the 16 century



B) most Italian noblemen felt it was necessary to employ a musician



B) were still regarded as revolutionary in the 16 century



C) mathematics was, for the first time, regarded as the key to an understanding of nature



C) suddenly came back into favour in the 16 century



D) all physicists rejected the idea that the planets could move in orbits



D) regarding the cosmos, were surprisingly accurate



E) the Duke of Tuscany was by far the most influential nobleman in Italy



E) were all based on mathematical principles



th



th



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



53



57. According to the passage, one idea that is often found in Andersen’s stories is that ----.



56. – 58. sorularõ aşağõdaki parçaya göre cevaplayõnõz.



A) children should be taught how to protect wild life The fairy stories of the Danish writer Hans Christian Andersen were not written only to entertain; they all have a moral, or a message, or at least put forward a serious idea. These ideas, however, are always very simple, so even quite small children can understand them and enjoy them. Andersen often presents opposites such as good and evil, truth and falsehood, or appearance and reality. We see this last contrast in the story of The Ugly Duckling. To the ducks he appeared ugly. But the reality was he grew up to be a beautiful swan. This is another characteristic of the stories: they offer hope. The future may be so much better than the present. Most of the tales had been told to children before being written down, so they have a natural, easy, oral style which makes them very successful among children in all countries.



B) evil and falsehood will be punished C) one should not look for happiness and entertainment in life D) appearances are not important and should be disregarded E) one can always hope that good times will follow bad ones



58. We understand from the passage that the style of these stories ----.



56. It is clear from the passage that, though Andersen wrote his stories for children, ----. A) it is only the children of his own country, Denmark, who really enjoy them



A) is so heavy that very few children can enjoy them



B) they are mostly too complex for children to understand



B) is ideally suited to children



C) they all say something worth saying



C) is extremely simple, but most of the ideas are not



D) there is a great deal in them that children cannot understand or enjoy



D) is so complex that a majority of children find it very hard to follow them



E) they are only really popular among adults



E) changes so often that the stories become difficult to read



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



54



60. It is clear from the passage that there was plenty of water readily available for the chimpanzees to drink ----.



59. – 61. sorularõ aşağõdaki parçaya göre cevaplayõnõz. A group of biologists studying the habits of chimpanzees around the Koba National Park, made a surprising discovery. There was plenty of water available for them in the pools left in river beds, but these animals always liked to dig their own pools by hand or with the help of sticks. As a result the water they drank had been filtered through the sand and so contained none of the disease-carrying substances normally to be found in water that is not moving. In fact, they were drinking clear water.



59. As it is pointed out in the passage, water ----.



A) in the small pools formed in river beds B) in all areas of the Koba National Park C) but they preferred river water as it was always moving and so clean D) but sometimes this water made them ill E) though they had to be taught how to dig holes to get it



61. The research team of the passage was surprised to learn that the chimpanzees ----.



A) is responsible for more diseases than most people think



A) never allowed anyone near their water pools



B) must always be filtered through sand to make it drinkable



B) could dig a hole in any part of the Koba National Park



C) is hard to find at certain times of the year



C) were very careful not to waste water



D) that isn’t moving is likely to contain harmful substances



D) had found a way of getting clean water



E) is of no importance to chimpanzees



E) dug holes to get water if there was none left in the rivers



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



55



65. After the news, they’ll give us the latest football results.



62. – 68. sorularda, verilen cümleye anlamca en yakõn olan cümleyi bulunuz. 62. The rain continued for days and the basements of most houses were flooded. A) It rained continuously for days and the basements of nearly all the houses were filled with water.



A) After the last news programme the football results will be announced. B) At the latest, we’ll be able to learn the football results at the end of the news. C) We’ll get the latest football results once the news is over.



B) The rain lasted for days, and floods carried some of the houses away. C) The excessive rainfall caused flooding and damage to the houses for many days.



D) The latest football results always follow the news. E) The main news item is the football results.



D) Flood water poured into the basements of many houses a few days after the heavy rains started. E) Within days, the continuing rain caused flooding which damaged the basements of most houses. 66. Karen won’t take part in the end-of-term concert unless she really wants to. A) Karen cannot be persuaded to do anything at the end-of-term concert.



63. By modern standards, the first supermarkets were really quite small.



B) Karen will only do something at the end-of-term concert if she actually feels like it.



A) The early supermarkets and the present-day ones are quite different from each other, even in size.



C) Karen is eager to do something at the end-ofterm concert if they’ll let her do so.



B) Present-day supermarkets are on the whole larger than the early ones.



D) Karen will gladly perform at the end-of-term concert if only they’ll allow her to.



C) Supermarkets have grown in size since they were first introduced, but their standards remain the same.



E) Karen would give a performance at the end-ofterm concert if only they’d let her.



D) Except in size, modern supermarkets are quite unlike the original ones. E) Compared with what we have now, the early supermarkets weren’t actually very large at all. 67. I just can’t understand why so few people are interested in this camping holiday. A) I find it surprising that there aren’t fewer people interested in such a camping holiday.



64. We have missed the early morning train to Istanbul; when is the next one?



B) It’s hardly surprising that so few people are interested in this camping holiday.



A) If the early morning train to Istanbul has left, when is the next one?



C) Hardly anyone wants to go on this camping holiday, which I find strange.



B) We were too late for the early morning train; when does the next one leave for Istanbul?



D) To my surprise almost no one was interested in such a camping holiday.



C) Did the early morning train to Istanbul leave late? When did it leave?



E) Apparently, a camping holiday appeals to even fewer people.



D) If we had missed the early morning train to Istanbul, when could we have got another? E) As the early morning train to Istanbul has been delayed, can we go another way?



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



56



68. Brian is the most reliable person I know; if he said he’d help, he will.



70. It has been suggested that different kinds of singing may have developed for practical reasons. For instance, among coal miners singing is popular because it is a good way to get the coal dust out of their lungs. ----. Male choirs were thus formed and these have become a tradition.



A) I don’t know anyone one can depend on more than Brian; he’ll certainly help if he said he would. B) If Brian promised to help I suppose he will; he’s generally very dependable.



A) Heavy smoking also has an adverse effect upon the voice and makes it lower



C) Brian is more dependable than most people so I’m sure he’ll help if he offered to.



B) In the mining areas in Wales and Yorkshire this became a communal activity



D) Brian is always a dependable person and he is sure to help.



C) It has been established that “better” singing is in almost all cases the result of training, not of any physical condition



E) Brian is very dependable so I should ask him to help you.



D) There are “musical” families because children are brought up in a musical environment E) Another view is that some people have a natural ability to sing well



69. – 76. sorularda, parçada boş bõrakõlan yere uygun düşen cümleyi bulunuz. 71. The science of how fire spreads is simple. ----. This means that in a typical house fire, the flames and smoke move upwards until they reach the ceiling. Then they start to move sideways.



69. During World War II submarines played an important military role in the world’s oceans. ----. If this had continued Britain would almost certainly have been defeated. She was saved by the development of submarine-detecting radar.



A) Indeed, opening a window or door can sometimes be extremely dangerous



A) Actually America was the first country to recognize the submarine’s military value



B) To prevent this, fire-fighters make openings in buildings



B) Nuclear power is the ideal fuel for submarines as huge amounts of energy are present in a small space



C) Today fire-fighters begin their basic training with physics



C) German submarines attacked transatlantic shipping with great success, and this caused America to enter the war



D) When a fire occurs outdoors, it may burn even more fiercely as there are unlimited supplies of oxygen for it



D) In the Atlantic, for instance, German submarines began to sink British shipping far faster than it could be replaced



E) Once air is heated, it becomes lighter, rises and seeks escape through any openings that may be available



E) Early US-designed submarines were powered by a petrol engine when on the surface and by batteries when below the surface



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



57



72. In ancient times, long hair on fighting men was always regarded as a symbol of strength and power. ----. For instance, in the story of Samson and Delilah, Samson lost his legendary strength when Delilah cut his hair.



74. Jane Austen was born in 1775 at Steventon, a small country village in Hampshire. Her father was an Anglican clergyman who had been a fellow of St. John’s College, Oxford. ----. Nevertheless, the one who really gave Jane Austen her education was her own father.



A) The number of hairs on the head varies with colour, for reasons still unknown



A) When her father died, in 1805, the family moved first to Southampton and then to Chawton



B) What looks like grey hair is actually a mixture of white hair and the original colour



B) While still in her teens, she wrote a series of sketches and tales



C) Hence, most warriors used to let their hair grow long and refused to have it cut



C) Her first novel, Lady Susan, remained unpublished during her life time



D) Hair grows faster at night and in warm weather



D) Accompanied by Cassandra, her elder sister and life-long friend, she went to a school at Oxford and then to one at Reading



E) Most people spend more time and money on their hair than on any other part of the body



E) This is why Jane Austen knew so much about the lives of Anglican clergymen and their families



75. Many of the novels of H. G. Wells fall into the category of science fiction. Wells was very interested in the scientific advances of his age and looked ahead to imagine what the results might be in the future. ----. Even so he was conscious of the possible dangers, and many of his novels present a struggle between two ways of life, the human and the non-human.



73. Though I am a long-distance runner I have long believed that man is not evolutionarily designed to run. ----. But in Racing the Antelope, Heinrich argues just the opposite, and he does it so convincingly that I’m beginning to believe him when he says “we are all natural-born runners”. A) There is also much information on how to train for a race



A) These writers have tried to describe the world as it is about to end, almost completely destroyed



B) Compared with any four-legged creature of similar size, man is a hopeless runner



B) The stories of science fiction are based on developments in science or technology



C) Indeed, man and animals alike have amazing powers of endurance D) So, in the course of time, we developed into very efficient runners



C) Many of these stories carry the threat that if technological developments go further they may bring about the destruction of man D) The film industry soon realized that the subject matter of science fiction was ideal for films



E) Fat is burned to produce the energy to make long-distance running possible



E) On the whole, he was interested in the possibilities for good, not in the disadvantages



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



58



76. King Henry VIII of England enjoyed the love and admiration of his people at least during the early years of his reign. ----. Indeed, the young king had many advantages. He was young and handsome; he was a fine sportsman; he also had a first-class intellect. There was something to please everyone. A) This was partly because he came as a welcome change after his cold and calculating father, Henry VII



78. You are interviewing an elderly film star for a magazine and want to avoid the facts that everyone knows, and introduce a more personal and less well-known side to his character; so you say: A) You’ve been very successful; but you must have had some disappointments. Could you tell us about some of them? B) Since you know so much about the film industry, what is your advice to young people hoping to make a career in films?



B) The thing everyone knows about him is that he married six times



C) Do you think the future of the film industry is less promising?



C) He encouraged humanism, and his own children were educated by some of the great scholars of the Renaissance



D) Which of your films do you think is your best? E) In your opinion, what are some of the main characteristics of a good film?



D) His father had become the king of England after the Wars of the Roses E) He married Anne Boleyn after he had divorced his first wife



79. Now that your aunt has retired, she is planning to leave the town where she has lived all her life, and move to a small cottage out in the country where the nearest neighbour will be half a mile away. You think she’s going to feel very lonely and likely to regret the move. You say:



77. – 84. sorularda, verilen duruma uygun düşen cümleyi bulunuz.



A) I think I’d find life there a bit too lonely and quiet, but you’ve always lived in the country, so you know what it’s like.



77. You have promised to lend a book to a friend in the office, but have forgotten to bring it. When you realize this you apologize and then say:



B) I think it’s a splendid idea! You’ll have lots of relatives coming to visit you with their children.



A) I’m sure you’ll find this book very useful for its account of the historic cities of Anatolia.



C) Are you sure you aren’t making a mistake? Remember, you’re used to having people you know around you every day!



B) If you really need that book tonight, I’ll go home and get it for you in the lunch hour. C) I didn’t know you were even interested in history. D) I must take it back to the library and get it renewed.



D) I expect the garden will keep you pretty busy. Will you be growing vegetables as well as flowers? E) You’ll probably find you get lots of visitors! It really is a lovely part of the country.



E) Just come along with me and see what books might interest you.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



59



80. You are going into town to buy a new jacket for yourself. You know you are not very good at choosing the right clothes for yourself; in fact, you’ve made several very poor choices! Your sister never seems to make a mistake in the choice of clothes, so you want her to go with you and help. You say:



82. Your brother and his best friend have had a quarrel and have stopped speaking to each other. This state of affairs is making your brother most unhappy, but he refuses to be the first to make a move to end the disagreement. You think this is very foolish of him and decide to tell him so plainly. You say:



A) As long as it fits properly, that is all that matters. Don’t you agree?



A) What is the reason for your disagreement? I’m sure you are in the right!



B) I can’t even decide on the colour. What do you suggest?



B) This is a ridiculous state of affairs! Forget your stupid pride and go and start talking to him again!



C) Remember! This time I can afford an expensive one.



C) Would you like me to go and talk to him and find out what’s wrong?



D) I do wish you’d come with me to help choose a jacket. You know how hopeless I am in these matters!



D) Of course he’s to blame; I’m glad to see the friendship has ended.



E) When did you go shopping last? It must have been ages ago.



E) Forget him then. And start making new friends.



81. Your school puts on a play every year. You are no good at acting, but you enjoy sewing and would like to help with the costumes. So, when the organizer tries to give you a part in the play, you say:



83. Jane has been ill for some time and still can’t leave the house. Her little daughter is clearly getting bored. It’ll soon be her birthday, and she wants her to have a nice change. So she phones her sister and says:



A) I don’t want to act in the play but I’ll do anything else.



A) Most of the children have their birthday parties at the nursery school. Then all the children enjoy them.



B) Thank you so much; in fact, I’ve always been told I have a gift for acting. C) No. I couldn’t possibly act in the play, but I’d be very happy to make some of the costumes.



B) Don’t forget, it’s Mary’s birthday on Saturday so I’m expecting you round for tea. Don’t be late.



D) No, I can’t act. And I’m not interested in helping with the production.



C) Mary always expects you to make a chocolate cake for her on her birthday.



E) In the last year’s play the costumes were very poor, so you ought to let someone else make them this year.



D) This year I have arranged for Mary to have her birthday party at the nursery school. E) For Mary’s birthday I was wondering if you could take her out for the day; go to the zoo, perhaps.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



60



84. Your daughter with her husband and two children are moving house. You know how tiring a job this is and wish to help them in some way. You finally decide that the best way to help would be to see they all get something good to eat during the move. So you say: A) You’re all going to get very tired, so you must be sure to take some rest.



86. Brian : - Did you go to the gym last night? Danny : - Yes, I did. And I feel much better for it. Why don’t you join me? Brian - ----



B) Let the children stay with me for a few days and I’ll see they are well fed.



:



Danny : - Stop wondering and make it definite! Be ready at 8.15 on Friday!



C) I can go to the new house, and after I have organized the kitchen I can do the cooking. D) I can’t help with the actual remove, but I can give you all a good meal at my house for the next few evenings. Would you like that? E) Make sure there is plenty of food in the house because you’ll be working hard and there won’t be time to go out and get a meal.



A) I can’t help wondering where you get the energy for it! B) I’m wondering whether my doctor will agree. C) No thanks! I was just wondering what it was like. D) Actually, I have been wondering about doing so. E) I wish I could. I wonder how you find time for it.



87. Charles : - Have you heard from your brother recently?



85. – 92. sorularda, karşõlõklõ konuşmanõn boş bõrakõlan kõsmõnda söylenmiş olabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz.



Pat : - Yes, I have. He’s really enjoying himself at the Military Academy.



85. Liz : - Do you think books for children should avoid social problems and unpleasant subjects?



Charles - ----



Clare : - No, I don’t. Do you? Liz - ----



:



Pat : - That was only natural. It really meant a new start for him and he’d never even been away from home before.



:



A) He’ll do fine there. He’s a natural leader you know.



Clare : - In fact, they can often face it better than adults can!



B) I knew he would be. That’s why I encouraged him to go there.



A) Certainly not! The children I know are quite capable of facing reality. B) I’m not sure. I don’t like to read about unpleasant situations myself! C) No. But I think the best children’s books are the imaginative ones. D) You know I’m very fond of fairy tales, and there are a lot of problems and evil characters in them.



C) Of course he is! An active life like that is exactly right for him. D) I’m sure he will be very satisfied with the training offered. E) I’m glad to hear that. He seemed a bit worried about whether he would like it.



E) Yes I do. Let the children live in a good world for as long as possible.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



61



88. Andy : - Who were the Wright brothers?



90. Molly : - What do you know about Helen Keller?



Phil : - To start with, they were bicycle repairmen in Ohio.



Jane : - Not very much, really, except that she was a remarkable woman.



Andy - ----



Molly - ----



:



:



Phil : - Because they were the first men to design an aircraft.



Jane : - No. She could see and hear until she caught scarlet fever when she was 19 months old.



A) Aren’t they connected with the aircraft industry?



A) Was she born blind and deaf?



B) Surely that’s not why they are famous! Or is it?



B) Was she the only child?



C) But why are they so famous?



C) What made her so remarkable?



D) Is that why no one took them seriously?



D) She must have had a great deal of courage!



E) Wasn’t it the wing design that made their flying machines so successful?



E) When did she lose her eyesight?



89. Mary : - My train leaves at 8 o’clock, so when do you think I should leave the house?



91. Peter : - How are you planning to spend the summer?



Jenny : - You’ll be taking a taxi, I suppose?



Kevin : - I’ve got a job at the local petrol station.



Mary - ----



Peter - ----



:



:



Jenny : - Even so, you’d better leave by 7.30 as there’s a lot of traffic on the roads at that time.



Kevin : - I really don’t know. I’ll do anything so long as I can earn a little money.



A) How far is the train station? Do you know?



A) Be sure to let me know when you start.



B) Yes, of course. I’ve got a heavy suitcase.



B) Is it open overnight?



C) Yes. But how far away is the station?



C) I did that once and quite enjoyed it, but the hours were long.



D) Aren’t we in walking distance of the station?



D) What a good idea! I might do the same.



E) Yes. I’m calling a taxi right away.



E) What will you be doing there? Working in the shop?



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



62



94. (I) This book gives a history of man’s exploration of space. (II) It starts with the first observations of the ancient Greeks. (III) And so it makes us wonder about how our life began on earth. (IV) It then moves on to the invention of the telescope in 1608 and the new knowledge it made available. (V) It ends with the wonder of 15 January 1996 when the Hubble Space Telescope revealed many “new” galaxies.



92. Reg : - It says here that they’ve brought out a new ball ready for the next European Championships. Steve : - Really? And what’s special about it? Reg - ----



:



A) I



Steve : - Oh! The goalkeepers won’t like that!



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



A) It’s softer to kick, and so it will travel faster. B) The same firm produces the official match balls for the World Cup too. C) It passed all the tests without any problems. D) I don’t know. It looks like any other soccer ball to me. 95. (I) Robot toys, which have to be treated like living things, not like machines, are already being produced. (II) In Japan, for instance, robot cats will very soon be on the market. (III) In fact, robotics is the science mainly concerned with the design and construction of robots. (IV) These cats are very affectionate and they purr with pleasure when they are petted. (V) If they feel neglected, however, they let their owner know they are displeased.



E) It costs much less than the traditional balls to produce.



A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



93. – 100. sorularda, cümleler sõrasõyla okunduğunda anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. 93. (I) California is famous for crazy ideas. (II) Indeed, Californians value crazy ideas, and their inventive spirit has done much to change the world. (III) Television, the laser, and human insulin were all ideas developed in California. (IV) Sometimes one is surprised at what succeeds and indeed becomes popular. (V) And, indeed, so was the seedless watermelon. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



96. (I) Be sure to go to the new exhibition at the Naval Museum. (II) Personally, I’ve never been very interested in the sea and ships. (III) The exhibits range from primitive rafts to a submarine from World War II. (IV) There are lots of paintings of boats and ships, many of which are very old. (V) There are also beautifully made models of some of the most famous historic ships. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



E) V



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



63



97. (I) Louisa May Alcott wrote Little Women at the request of her publisher, Mr Niles. (II) Niles himself was not impressed by the story she wrote. (III) However, his niece and some other young girls were. (IV) So, with some doubt in his mind, he decided to publish it, and it was an immediate best seller. (V) However, Little Women is a children’s book about real life; it is not a fairy tale. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



B) II



C) III



D) IV



A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



E) V



98. (I) The problem with electric guitars is that, from the point of view of sound, they cannot be improved. (II) At schools children should be encouraged to play the guitar. (III) They can be decorated and made to look better. (IV) They can be made lighter and easier to play. (V) But they cannot be made to sound any better. A) I



99. (I) Kiev is one of the most historic cities of the Ukraine. (II) It is both a busy river port and a major railway junction. (III) Despite its rapid th growth during the 19 century, it still reveals many signs of its long and rich history. (IV) The old citadel still stands in the medieval centre of the city. (V) Nearby is also a famous cathedral that dates back to the Middle Ages.



100. (I) Originally, the Japanese learned how to paint from the Chinese. (II) However, over the centuries, Japanese painting soon developed characteristics of its own to suit its own environment and traditions. (III) Symbolism rather than realism became the most striking feature of this painting. (IV) Japanese and Chinese painters alike often choose to work in black and white only. (V) The typical Japanese representation of nature, for instance, was symbolic rather than realistic. A) I



E) V



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



TEST BİTTİ. CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



64



YABANCI DİL SINAVI 23 HAZİRAN 2002 İNGİLİZCE



1. A



26. B



51. A



76. A



2. C



27. E



52. D



77. B



3. B



28. C



53. C



78. A



4. D



29. A



54. B



79. C



5. E



30. E



55. A



80. D



6. B



31. A



56. C



81. C



7. C



32. C



57. E



82. B



8. A



33. B



58. B



83. E



9. E



34. C



59. D



84. D



10. D



35. A



60. A



85. A



11. A



36. B



61. D



86. D



12. D



37. D



62. A



87. E



13. E



38. E



63. E



88. C



14. C



39. C



64. B



89. B



15. B



40. E



65. C



90. A



16. E



41. A



66. B



91. E



17. C



42. D



67. C



92. A



18. B



43. C



68. A



93. D



19. D



44. B



69. D



94. C



20. A



45. D



70. B



95. C



21. C



46. A



71. E



96. B



22. B



47. C



72. C



97. E



23. D



48. B



73. B



98. B



24. E



49. D



74. D



99. B



25. A



50. E



75. E



100. D



YABANCI DİL TESTİ



İNGİLİZCE YABANCI DİL TESTLERİNİN CEVAP ANAHTARLARI BİRBİRİNDEN FARKLIDIR. YABANCI DİLİNİZİ CEVAP KÂĞIDINIZDA AYRILAN YERE İŞARETLEMEYİ UNUTMAYINIZ.



1. Cevap kâğõdõnda, sõnav yabancõ dilinizi (İNGİLİZCE) işaretlemeyi unutmayõnõz. 2. Bu testten alacağõnõz standart puan, Yabancõ Dil Ağõrlõklõ ÖSS Puanõnõzõn hesaplanmasõnda 1,4 katsayõsõ ile çarpõlacaktõr. 3. Bu testte 100 soru vardõr. 4. Cevaplamaya istediğiniz sorudan başlayabilirsiniz. 5. Sayfalar üzerindeki boş yerleri müsvedde için kullanabilirsiniz. 5. Australia, which is normally a grains exporting country, has started importing wheat and corn to meet a shortage resulting from a ---- drought.



1. – 22. sorularda, cümlede boş bõrakõlan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



A) widespread 1. All teenagers have ----; the problem is to teach them to exploit it to the best advantage. A) destiny



B) compulsion D) preference



B) hostile



D) secular



C) sustainable



E) restrictive



C) potential



E) significance 6. After decades of speculation astronomers now have fairly ---- information concerning the basic features of our universe. A) desperate



2. Have they come to a ---- yet on whether to move to Izmir or stay in Antalya? A) disturbance



B) suggestion



D) conflict



D) accurate



7. The meridians are ---- counted from the meridian of the observatory of Greenwich, in England, which is called the zero meridian. A) traditionally



C) placed



B) discovered



D) searched



B) suitably



D) notably



E) separated



C) previously



E) markedly



8. Finland, which is three times the size of Ohio, is ---- forested and contains thousands of lakes, numerous rivers and extensive areas of marshland.



4. Geologists have ---- that Africa was once warmer and wetter than it is today. A) explored



E) respective



E) decision



B) occupied



D) inhabited



C) reluctant



C) reversal



3. Ireland is in the Atlantic Ocean and ---- from Great Britain by the Irish Sea. A) established



B) preventive



C) surveyed



A) mutually



E) experimented



B) exactly



D) currently



C) heavily



E) profoundly



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



40



13. He ---- alive now if only he ---- to go back into the burning house for something.



9. He must have had some sound reasons for ---such a rigid timetable. A) setting out



B) drawing up



D) turning off



A) will be / wouldn’t have decided



C) running up



B) is / hasn’t decided



E) looking into



C) could be / wouldn’t decide D) would be / hadn’t decided E) should be / hasn’t decided



14. The first people ---- non-stop round the world ---captain James Gallagher and his crew.



10. It’s a delightful novel, and the reader soon gets ---- in the lives of the characters as the story progresses. A) caught up



B) found out



D) turned over



A) to have flown / have been



C) put out



B) being flown / are



E) fed up



C) to fly / were D) to be flying / had been E) having been flown / will be



11. Experts ---- that by 2010, robots ---- for many of the elderly people in the world.



15. The arctic is one of the few areas ---- earth still left unconquered ---- solo explorers, primarily because of the extremely harsh conditions.



A) will have believed / are caring



A) of / for



B) have believed / would be caring



B) over / from D) on / by



C) believed / had cared



C) in / with



E) for / to



D) will believe / will have been caring E) believe / will be caring 16. The main difference ---- the comedy of ideas and other forms ---- comedy is that it does not depend on a situation for its humour. A) about / in



B) through / for



C) between / of



D) over / from



12. Orphan elephants need ---- the same companionship as they ---- from their mothers in the wild.



E) with / at



A) to have given / had received 17. From a very early age it is clear that some people are ---- better at drawing and painting ---- the majority of us.



B) to be given / would have received C) having given / will be receiving D) to have been given / would receive



A) much / than



B) more / than



E) being given / are receiving



C) so / as



D) either / or E) even / such as



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



41



18. Many ordinary people don’t realize that fat is not digested in the stomach, ---- in the small intestine. A) although



B) but



D) unless



23. – 27. sorularda, aşağõdaki parçada numaralanmõş yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



C) because In 1912, a German called Wegener declared that all the continents of the world had once been joined together and were now drifting around like giant rafts. His (23) ---- attracted very little interest. In 1915, he published a book on continental drift. No one took it (24) ----. But (25) ---- the early 1960s, geologists (26) ---- to realize that molten rock was seeping up from under the oceans and pushing the continents further away from (27) ---- at around two and a half centimetres a year.



E) while



19. He adores his little granddaughter so he’ll do ---she wants him to do. A) all of them



B) however



D) most of all



23.



C) whatever



A) ability



E) the same



B) invention D) concern



20. His Collected Essays continues to reveal ---George Orwell understood the basic conflicts of the modern world. A) just as



B) so well D) how well



A) deliberately



C) if ever



D) moreover



B) sensibly



D) regrettably



E) even so



B) therefore



E) claim



24. C) fairly



E) seriously



25.



21. The name “Kõzõlõrmak” emphasizes the colour of this river, ---- the earlier name “Halys” stresses its saltiness. A) whereas



C) comprehension



A) under



B) by D) at



C) whereby



C) over E) from



E) indeed



26.



22. The film Casablanca, the story ---- is set in Morocco during World War II, stars Humphrey Bogart and Ingrid Bergman. A) whose



B) of which



C) by whom



D) whichever



A) are beginning



B) have begun



C) were beginning



D) begin



E) would begin



27.



E) what



A) another



B) each other D) one other



C) the others



E) any other



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



42



33. – 42. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.



28. – 32. sorularda, aşağõdaki parçada numaralanmõş yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



33. Campaigns to promote energy conservation have been around since the 1980s ----.



The Romantic Age in England was part of a movement that affected all the countries of the Western World. The forms of romanticism were (28) ---- many and varied that it is difficult to speak of the movement as a whole. It tended to align (29) ---with the humanitarian spirit of the democratic revolutionaries. (30) ----, romantics were not always democrats and democrats were not always revolutionaries. Perhaps the (31) ---- thing to say is that romanticism represented an attempt (32) ---- the wonder of the world.



A) so that there is still a long way to go before campaigners are satisfied B) because it is a problem that until now has been largely overlooked C) but it is only with the advent of global warming that the issue has really gained momentum D) just as the next step requires a great deal of detailed planning



28. A) so



B) as D) neither



E) even though most industrialized countries have been strongly in favour of these campaigns



C) both E) thus



29.



34. Some comets have such long orbits ----. A) others



B) them D) itself



C) each



A) while some asteroids may be burnt-up comets



E) themselves



B) in case they come from a region outside the Solar System C) since they are often visible from the Earth D) that they pass near the Earth only once every million years



30. A) Even so



B) Since



D) In case



E) just as their dust tails stretch up to 10 million kilometres across the sky



C) Accordingly E) On the contrary



31. A) safe



B) safest D) safely



35. Water softeners are particularly useful, ----.



C) safety



A) if you live in a hard-water area



E) safer



B) that they remove chemicals and improve the taste C) why London water is so hard 32. A) having rediscovered



B) rediscovering



D) since the water contained a greater concentration of calcium



C) to rediscover



D) to have rediscovered



E) though electrical appliances require soft water



E) on rediscovering



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



43



39. When the four-thousand-year-old tomb was finally opened, ----.



36. The personnel officer is looking for someone ----. A) that they are willing to do a great deal of travelling



A) the archaeologists had looked down into it in disbelief



B) who has a real talent for organization C) until he finds someone who really is suitable



B) there seems to be nothing in it of any interest at all



D) since at present several positions are available



C) they have all looked at each other in amazement



E) whether they have the right qualifications



D) the most exciting find was a set of surgical instruments E) it would be a moment of unbearable suspense



40. ---- which was characterized by supreme selfconfidence and great achievement.



37. This is actually a camera ----. A) though it is roughly the same size as a credit card



A) The bombing of Dresden was widely criticized B) Henry VIII was a typical Renaissance figure



B) if only I could afford to buy it



C) The Great Pyramids were built in an age



C) that unfortunately it doesn’t have a zoom D) since the shape was hardly recognizable



D) The moon-landing gave rise to strange, new emotions



E) as we have been wondering about which one to buy



E) This climbing expedition in the Taurus mountains was a complete failure



41. ---- because she has the ability to make her audience find wildlife as fascinating as she does herself.



38. By the time Turner was thirteen, ----. A) his father, to whom he was deeply attached, was a barber in London



A) Such a development for the conservation of wildlife had not been expected



B) his mother was a woman of violent temper who eventually went mad



B) The television offers a wide variety of career opportunities for people interested in wildlife



C) it was already agreed that he should become an artist



C) The children didn’t know what to expect



D) he was never an artist who relied on his genius



D) No one else could have presented the programme



E) he has been called “the father of impressionism”



E) A young television presenter of wildlife is rapidly becoming famous



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



44



45. “There’s one every half hour on weekdays.”



42. As the salaries are related to achievements, ----.



A) Do any of these buses go through the centre of the town?



A) few people were interested in working here B) research at this institute is highly competitive C) all the applicants would have been confident and ambitious D) no one will have foreseen such a problem



B) Do you often go by bus? C) Are the children old enough to go on their own by bus? D) When does the next bus leave, do you know?



E) standards continued to be impressively high



E) How often is there a bus into town?



43. – 46. sorularda, verilen cümlenin hangi sorunun cevabõ olduğunu bulunuz. 43. “I’m not sure; Sheila’s, probably.” A) Who did you go to the exhibition with? B) Whose paintings attracted most attention at the exhibition? 46. “Yes, in the secretary’s office.”



C) Have you seen her lately? D) Why were the paintings exhibited?



A) Where were you at the time?



E) There is an amazing variety of paintings on show, isn’t there?



B) Did you manage to find out where the meeting is to be held? C) Can he still not remember what he did with those files? D) Are the papers I passed on to him still missing? E) Why did he go into the secretary’s office?



44. “Yes, there are. Look on your desk.” A) Where are the books you promised to bring? B) Are those flowers for me? C) There aren’t any letters for me, are there? D) Are any of the reports you are writing ready? E) Are my glasses over there?



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



45



49. At the time Darwin was developing his theory, no hard evidence for genes existed.



47. – 50. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakõn Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz.



A) Darwin’in kendi kuramõnõ geliştirdiği dönemde, genlere yönelik hiçbir kanõt ortaya çõkmamõştõ.



47. In the early years of the fourteenth century, there began to develop in Italy an increasing interest in the manuscripts that had survived from ancient Greece and Rome.



B) Darwin, kuramõnõ geliştirmesine rağmen, genlerle ilgili güvenilir herhangi bir kanõt yoktu.



A) Eski Yunan ve Roma elyazmalarõna on dördüncü yüzyõlõn ilk yõllarõnda İtalya’da duyulmaya başlayan ilgi giderek yoğunlaştõ.



C) Genlerle ilgili kabul edilebilir herhangi bir kanõt elde edilememiş olmasõna rağmen, Darwin, kuramõnõ geliştirdi.



B) Eski Yunan ve Roma’dan kalma elyazmalarõna on dördüncü yüzyõl başlarõnda oluşan ilgi, İtalya’da giderek artmõştõr.



D) Darwin, kuramõnõ geliştirdiği sõrada, genler için sağlam hiçbir kanõt yoktu. E) Darwin’in kuramõ, genler hakkõnda hiçbir kanõtõn bulunmadõğõ bir dönemde geliştirilmişti.



C) İtalya’da on dördüncü yüzyõlõn başlarõnda eski Yunan ve Roma elyazmalarõna duyulan ilgi giderek artmaya başlamõştõr. D) On dördüncü yüzyõlõn ilk yõllarõnda, İtalya’da eski Yunan ve Roma’dan kalan elyazmalarõna giderek artan bir ilgi oluşmaya başladõ. E) İtalya’da eski Yunan ve Roma’dan kalma elyazmalarõna yoğun ilginin ortaya çõkmasõ, on dördüncü yüzyõlõn ilk yõllarõna rastlar.



50. When animals are used for research purposes, it is not the taking of life that people object to, but the suffering that is caused.



48. Although the legend of King Midas and his obsession with gold is well known throughout the world, historical records tell us very little about his life.



A) Hayvanlar araştõrma amacõyla kullanõldõğõnda insanlarõn karşõ çõktõğõ, can alõnmasõ değil, sebep olunan acõdõr.



A) Kral Midas’a ve onun aşõrõ altõn sevgisine ilişkin öykü tüm dünyada meşhur olsa da onun yaşamõ hakkõndaki tarihi kaynaklarõn bize söyledikleri çok yetersizdir.



B) İnsanlar, araştõrmalarda kullanõlan hayvanlarõn çektiği acõdan çok, onlarõn canõnõn alõnmasõna karşõ çõkarlar.



B) Kral Midas’õn öyküsü ve onun altõna düşkünlüğü dünyada çok iyi bilinmektedir, ancak onun yaşamõna ilişkin olarak tarihi belgelerin bize söylediği yeterli değildir.



C) Araştõrmalarda kullanõlan hayvanlarõn canlarõnõn alõnmasõndan çok, insanlarõ onlarõn acõ çekmesi üzer.



C) Kral Midas’õn öyküsü ve onun altõna aşõrõ ilgisi, tüm dünyada ne kadar iyi bilinirse bilinsin, tarihi kaynaklar bize onun yaşamõ hakkõnda hiçbir şey söylemez.



D) İnsanlarõn araştõrmalarda hayvanlarõn kullanõlmasõnda karşõ çõktõklarõ şey, onlarõn canõnõn acõ çektirilerek alõnmasõdõr.



D) Kral Midas ve onun altõna düşkünlüğü tüm dünyada bilinen bir efsanedir, ancak, onun hakkõnda tarihi belgeler bize çok az şey söyler.



E) İnsanlar, araştõrma amacõyla hayvanlar kullanõldõğõnda, hem onlarõn canlarõnõn alõnmasõna hem de acõ çekmelerine karşõ çõkarlar.



E) Kral Midas ve onun altõn tutkusu efsanesi tüm dünyada iyi bilinmesine rağmen, tarihi belgeler bize onun yaşamõ hakkõnda çok az şey söylemektedir.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



46



53. Şubat 2001’de Jüpiter’in ayõ İo’da meydana gelen volkanik patlama, güneş sisteminde bugüne kadar bu türde görülen en büyük olaydõ.



51. – 54. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakõn İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz.



A) The volcanic eruption which took place on Io, a moon of Jupiter, in February 2001, was the largest such event ever seen in the solar system.



51. Pek çok kişi nükleer enerjinin sanayi bakõmõndan gelişmekte olan ülkeler için uygun bir güç kaynağõ sağlayabileceğine inanmaktadõr. A) Many people regard nuclear energy as the best source of power for countries that are developing industrially. B) There are a lot of people who feel that the industrially developing countries would find nuclear energy a suitable source of power.



B) In February 2001, the volcanic eruption that occurred on Io, one of the moons of Jupiter, was the largest event of its kind ever recorded in the solar system. C) The largest volcanic eruption ever witnessed in the solar system occurred in February 2001 on Io, a moon of Jupiter.



C) Many people believe that nuclear energy could provide a suitable source of power for the industrially developing countries. D) These people believe that the industrially developing countries require an adequate source of power such as nuclear energy could supply. E) Many people consider that the developing countries need a suitable source of power, like nuclear energy, to support their industries.



D) The most violent volcanic activity of this kind ever to have been recorded took place on one of the moons of Jupiter, known as Io, in February 2001. E) It was on Io, one of the moons of Jupiter, that the most violent volcanic action ever to have been detected in the solar system actually took place, in February 2001.



54. Anglo-Saksonlar İngiltere’yi fethettiklerinde, beraberlerinde törelerine ve inançlarõna dayalõ zengin bir sözlü edebiyat geleneği getirmişlerdir.



52. Shakespeare’in döneminde, tiyatro, yaygõn bir eğlence biçimiydi ve 1649’da yasaklanõncaya kadar öyle kaldõ.



A) The Anglo-Saxon tradition of oral literature, rich in their customs and traditions, went with them to England when they conquered it.



A) The theatre was a popular form of entertainment starting in Shakespeare’s time and continuing to 1649 when it was banned. B) In Shakespeare’s time, the theatre was a popular form of entertainment and remained so until it was banned in 1649.



B) The Anglo-Saxons had a rich tradition of oral literature steeped in their customs and traditions which they took to England when they conquered it.



C) The theatre which enjoyed a great deal of popularity in Shakespeare’s time was banned in 1649.



C) When the Anglo-Saxons conquered England, they brought with them a rich tradition of oral literature steeped in their customs and beliefs.



D) In the time of Shakespeare, the theatre was one of the most popular forms of entertainment, but by 1649 it had fallen into disfavour.



D) The tradition of oral literature that the AngloSaxons took to England on conquering the country was rich in their customs and traditions.



E) By 1649 the theatre, which had enjoyed so much popularity in the time of Shakespeare, had fallen into disrepute.



E) On their arrival in England there was already a rich tradition of oral literature grounded in the customs and beliefs of the Anglo-Saxons.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



47



56. According to the passage, fiction has, from very early times, ----.



55. – 57. sorularõ aşağõdaki parçaya göre cevaplayõnõz.



A) always been regarded as superior to other kinds of writing



The first question to ask about fiction is: Why bother to read it? With life as short as it is, with so many pressing demands on our time, with books of information, instruction and discussion waiting to be read, why should we spend precious time on works of fiction? The eternal answers to this question are two: enjoyment and understanding. Since the invention of language, men have taken pleasure in following and participating in the imaginary adventures and imaginary experiences of imaginary people. Whatever serves to make life less tedious, to make the hours pass more quickly and pleasurably, surely needs nothing else to recommend it. Enjoyment is the first aim and justification of reading fiction.



B) usually been limited to the description of human adventures C) been regarded as harmful to the development of man D) been a reliable source for the instruction of man E) had a great appeal for man



55. One point emphasized in the passage is that ----. A) life, since it is short, shouldn’t be wasted in trivial reading B) informative books, as opposed to fiction, are what one should read



57. In the passage, books ----. A) that deal with imaginary situations are considered to be a waste of time B) that give us information are regarded as the best kind



C) non-fictional books are the only ones worth reading



C) are divided into two main kinds: fictional and non-fictional



D) the reading of fiction provides people with a great deal of enjoyment



D) that deal with human experiences are classed as books of instruction



E) through fiction our knowledge of other people is distorted



E) are regarded merely as a means to make time pass enjoyably



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



48



59. As it is pointed out in the passage ----.



58. – 60. sorularõ aşağõdaki parçaya göre cevaplayõnõz.



A) man’s knowledge of space grew immensely with the landing on the moon



Space camps are a response to the rapidly expanding discovery of space and to the fascination with the unknown which is such a deeply ingrained aspect of human nature. The birth of the space camp project, designed to educate young people about space, goes back to the year 1982. With the support of NASA, the camps aim to teach young people about the latest space technology and sciences in an entertaining atmosphere. They are America’s most popular educational centres. Dr Werner von Braun, the scientist celebrated as the father of the Saturn V rocket, which carried the first manned flight to the moon, was the first person to put forward the idea of space camps.



58. We understand from the passage that the main reason why space camps are set up is to ----.



B) space camps were set up as soon as space exploration began C) the exploration of space has revealed nearly all the secrets of the universe D) man has always felt attracted to the unfamiliar and the unexplored, such as space E) the Saturn V rocket has been used for various purposes in the exploration of space



60. As is pointed out in the passage, the person who first suggested the establishment of space camps ----.



A) help improve NASA’s injured public image B) promote the scientific activities undertaken by NASA



A) was also responsible for sending the first astronauts to the moon



C) encourage young people to consider making a career for themselves in space sciences



B) had himself always been fascinated by space C) was actually little known until the first moonlanding



D) spread among young people Dr Werner von Braun’s theories concerning space



D) had been working for NASA since the early 1980s



E) give youngsters an opportunity to enjoy learning about space and related scientific activities



E) had always stressed that the education of young people should have a practical approach



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



49



62. It’s clear from the passage that the Emperor Jihangir ----.



61. – 63. sorularõ aşağõdaki parçaya göre cevaplayõnõz. Roses are the oldest source of perfume. Ancient documents mention rose oil, which is the strongest form of this scent, and in The Iliad Homer relates how Aphrodite rubbed Hector’s dead body with rose oil. What was meant by rose oil in these texts was not what we mean by this term today, since we learn from Hippocrates that it was obtained by stirring rose petals into hot olive oil. The method of extracting essential oil of roses was not discovered until much later. The most delightful story told of the discovery of the essential oil relates to the Emperor Jihangir (1569-1627) who is said to have had distilled rose water poured into channels in the extensive garden of his palace so that the air was filled with this beautiful scent.



A) followed the method of Hippocrates in the making of rose oil B) helped to develop the process of distilling rose water C) extended his garden so that more roses could be grown D) learned about rose oil from his readings of Homer E) liked the luxury of filling his garden with rose scent



63. It is clear from the passage that the use of rose oil ----.



61. We learn from the passage that rose oil ----. A) as we know it today is the same as that mentioned in early texts



A) began with the Emperor Jihangir B) was first introduced by Aphrodite



B) was, according to Hippocrates, made by mixing rose petals into hot olive oil



C) was originally reserved for the dead



C) cannot be extracted with the use of olive oil



D) goes back to mythological times and stories of gods and goddesses



D) is now unimportant in the perfume industry



E) was restricted to the wealthy and the powerful



E) only became popular in the time of the Emperor Jihangir



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



50



65. As we learn from the passage, one of the drawbacks of computers for children is that ----.



64. – 66. sorularõ aşağõdaki parçaya göre cevaplayõnõz.



A) there is almost no difference between leisure time and school time



Laughter’s social role is definitely important. Today’s children may be heading for a whole lot of social ills because their play and leisure time is so isolated and they lose out on lots of chances for laughter. When children stare at computer screens, rather than laughing with each other,they get so involved that they forget to laugh at all; this is contrary to what’s natural for them. Natural social behaviour in children is playful behaviour, and in such situations laughter indicates that make-believe aggression is just fun, not serious. This is an important way in which children form positive emotional ties, gain new social skills and generally start to move from childhood to adulthood. Parents need to be very careful to ensure that their children play in groups and laugh more.



B) children get no pleasure out of their computers C) a great deal of time is wasted D) computers tend to make children isolated and less sociable E) they make the activities of children and adults too much alike



66. According to the passage, children need to laugh ----.



64. The passage emphasizes the point that ----. A) children need to take part in group activities



A) otherwise they will become ill-balanced adults and isolate themselves from others



B) children seem to have grown more aggressive since the computer entered their lives



B) especially when they are not involved in group activities



C) the computer helps speed up a child’s emotional development



C) and computer games can provide the opportunity



D) computer games have a beneficial effect on social behaviour



D) and usually manage to do so even when they are being really aggressive



E) laughter does not often have a social role



E) because this helps them to form relationships with others and grow up emotionally



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



51



68. We understand from the passage that there was a great deal of excitement everywhere ----.



67. – 69. sorularõ aşağõdaki parçaya göre cevaplayõnõz. On the third day of the new year newspapers began to report that strange things were starting to happen in the heavens, and everyone grew excited. “A Planetary Collision”, one London paper headed the news, and proclaimed that a strange new planet would probably collide with Neptune. The leader writers of various other newspapers enlarged upon the topic. As a result, in most of the capitals of the world, on January 3rd, there was an expectation, however vague, of some approaching phenomenon in the sky; and as the night followed the sunset round the globe, thousands of people turned their eyes skyward to see, contrary to what they had expected, nothing more exciting than the old familiar stars just as they had always been.



67. As it is clear from the passage, all that anyone saw on the night of January 3rd was ----.



A) because an unknown planet had been detected from various parts of the world B) as soon as the new planet approached Neptune C) even before the planetary collision took place D) when newspapers announced that a collision of two planets was to be expected E) as many phenomena had been observed in the skies on January 3rd



69. One can conclude from the passage that the whole affair of planets colliding ----.



A) the familiar stars shining with extraordinary brightness



A) aroused little interest among the people in the world



B) the collision of Neptune with a new planet



B) was based on scientific facts and observations



C) the usual night sky



C) was all imaginary, and made up by the newspapers



D) an unknown planet passing close to Neptune E) what they interpreted as the birth of a new planet



D) was apparently only of interest to the newspapers E) was the reason why so many people panicked



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



52



71. It is pointed out in the passage that Munro ----.



70. – 72. sorularõ aşağõdaki parçaya göre cevaplayõnõz.



A) commanded a unit of troops in World War I B) adapted himself well to the climatic conditions of Burma



Hector Hugh Munro was born in Burma, the son of a police inspector-general. His mother died when he was two, and he was sent home to Scotland to live with relatives. His formal education ended with grammar school, but his father tutored him on extensive travels. In 1893, his father got him a post with the Burma police, but his delicate health forced his return to Britain. There he took up a career in writing, and it was while doing political sketches for The Westminster Gazette that he adopted the penname of Saki. After serving for a time as a foreign correspondent for The Morning Post, he returned to London to devote himself to the writing of stories and novels. When World War I began, he enlisted as an ordinary soldier in the army and was unfortunately killed in action in 1916.



C) disappointed his father with his decision to return to England D) was not only a journalist but also a writer of fiction E) chose the name “Saki” because it was an easy name for his readers to remember



72. According to the passage, Munro, before he became a writer, ----.



70. We understand from the passage that Munro’s father ----.



A) worked as a journalist to cover events of World War I



A) contributed a great deal to his son’s education B) did not want his son to work in Burma



B) spent all his time in Scotland with relatives



C) was one of the founders of the Burmese police force



C) travelled very little, but read extensively



D) was a great traveller himself and encouraged his son to follow his example



D) enjoyed exceptionally good health E) served, for some time as a policeman



E) tried to persuade his son not to join the army in World War I



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



53



74. It is clear from the passage that for Eveline, staying at home ----.



73. – 75. sorularõ aşağõdaki parçaya göre cevaplayõnõz.



A) was now quite out of the question Eveline sat at the window watching the evening invade the avenue. Her head was leaned against the window curtains. She was tired. She had consented to go away, to leave her home. Was that wise? She tried to weigh each side of the question. In her home anyway she had shelter and food; she had those whom she had known all her life about her. Of course she had to work hard, both in the house and at business. What would they say of her in the shop when they found out that she had run away with a man? They would say she was a fool, perhaps; and her place would be filled up by an advertisement.



73. We understand from the passage that Eveline ----.



B) would be a nightmare C) would give her neither security nor love D) had absolutely no attractions at all E) had certain advantages and certain disadvantages



75. One thing that Eveline was concerned about if she went away was ----. A) whether or not her boyfriend would be good to her



A) was wondering whether she had made the right decision in deciding to run away with her boyfriend



B) whether her place in the shop would be taken



B) was waiting excitedly by the window for her boyfriend



C) what the gossip about her would be D) where she would be able to find a job



C) had already given up her job at the shop



E) how hard she would have to work to make a living



D) was looking forward to making a complete break with her past even though she had had a very happy childhood E) had known her boyfriend all her life



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



54



78. You can rely on Pat to give you any help you may need.



76. – 80. sorularda, verilen cümleye anlamca en yakõn olan cümleyi bulunuz.



A) Should you require any assistance, you can count on Pat for it.



76. In my opinion, this last novel by Paul Wright isn’t nearly as entertaining as his early ones were. A) I suppose the last novel by Paul Wright lacks the humour of the early ones.



B) If you need help of any kind, be sure to let Pat know. C) Pat could have given you all the help you need.



B) I much prefer Paul Wright’s amusing early novels to his later ones.



D) Let Pat know if you need any help with this.



C) To my way of thinking Paul Wright’s early novels were amusing but his last one isn’t.



E) Pat is the one to ask if you find you require any assistance.



D) Unlike his last novel, Paul Wright’s early novels, it seems to me, were all full of fun. E) I think Paul Wright’s early novels were far more enjoyable than his last one.



79. She finally agreed to go with her little sister, but was clearly reluctant to do so. A) She knew she had to take her young sister, but naturally she didn’t want to. B) It was obvious that she didn’t want to accompany her young sister but in the end agreed to. C) She couldn’t refuse to take her little sister but made it clear she didn’t want to. D) She would have preferred not to go with her little sister but at last agreed to. E) She couldn’t promise to accompany her small sister though actually she wanted to.



77. Let’s go shopping sometime mid-week, it gets so crowded at the weekends. A) I always like to shop mid-week as everywhere is so crowded at weekends. B) Why don’t we get this shopping done before the rush hour starts? C) I suggest we avoid the weekend and do our shopping in the middle of the week when it’s quieter.



80. Everyone will be extremely surprised if Mary doesn’t win the race.



D) I find it impossible to shop at weekends because there are so many people everywhere.



A) It is doubtful whether Mary will win the race.



E) The best time to go shopping is mid-week when it is usually reasonably quiet.



B) It’s hardly likely that Mary will win the race. C) After all, Mary could have won the race. D) It is almost certain that Mary will win the race. E) Mary thinks she is going to win the race.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



55



83. Stone sculpture is rare in Japan; there are some th fine 7 -century examples in bronze and clay, but bronze has never been very extensively used. ----. Hence, it is to be noticed that all the finest works of Japanese sculpture are made of wood. Even so, the Japanese are generally considered to be better painters than sculptors.



81. – 85. sorularda, boş bõrakõlan yere parçanõn anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz. 81. The great metropolis of New York City is the nerve centre of the nation. ----. Its John F. Kennedy International Airport is one of the busiest airports in the world. New York is also home to the New York Stock Exchange, the largest in the world. The convention and tourist business is an important source of the city’s income.



A) Actually, wood is the only material which has been used in Japanese sculpture throughout its history



A) New York Bay was first discovered in 1524 by an Italian-born navigator, Giovanni da Verrazano B) It is a leader in manufacturing, foreign trade, commerce and banking



B) There are a large number of relics of ancient Japan, such as baked earthen figures, which may be called primitive sculpture C) Some examples of 7th-century sculpture are preserved in the Japanese museums today D) Early Japanese sculpture is very reminiscent in style of the Chinese sculpture of the 5th and 6th centuries



C) Nearly all the state’s manufacturing is done on Long Island and along the Hudson River



E) There was a great change in the form of representation in Japanese sculpture after the th 10 century



D) For a short time, New York City was the capital of the United States E) Among its famous residents have been many artists, scientists and politicians



84. In Saudi Arabia oil was discovered in 1936, and commercial production began during World War II. Its wealth allowed the country to provide free health care and education while not collecting any taxes from its people. ----. However, falling demand and rising production in the 1980s reduced its oil income enormously. So in 2000, Saudi Arabia, along with other oilproducing countries, reduced production to raise oil prices.



82. Lamartine was a French poet who lived between 1790 and 1869. At school he learned Greek, Italian and English, and was strongly influenced by the classics. ----. From 1811 to 1819 he attempted to write an epic and several tragedies in the classical manner. Yet it was as a lyrical poet that he achieved fame. A) In general, the Romantic writers placed the individual, rather than society, at the centre of their vision



A) Saudi Arabia occupies most of the Arabian Peninsula



B) The term “Romantic Age” is used to describe life and literature in Europe in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries



B) Saudi Arabia has one-third of all known oil reserves in the world



C) He was a great admirer of Petrarch, Shakespeare and Byron



C) Saudi Arabia contains the world’s largest continuous sand desert



D) The French Revolution, which he strongly supported, gave great importance to liberty and equality



D) In World War II, Saudi Arabia was neutral E) Moreover, Saudi Arabia plays an important role in Middle Eastern politics



E) Like any Romantic, he believed in the possibility of progress and improvement for humanity



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



56



87. You and your brother have the TV on rather loud for a music programme. You suddenly remember that someone in the flat below is ill and shouldn’t be disturbed. So you say:



85. Scientists around the world are developing the technology to make space tourism affordable. The most important step is cheap and reusable spacecraft. Other plans are even more adventurous. ----. Japanese airlines, on the other hand, are working on plans for a space liner or a sightseeing spaceship. So, it seems that, in the near future, space tourism will be a new experience for ordinary people.



A) We’d better turn the volume down. The lady downstairs is very ill. B) The music is no louder than usual, is it? C) It’s really not very loud. I can’t think why they are complaining!



A) Powering a spacecraft still requires vast amounts of fuel, which would make space tourism far too expensive



D) It’s lucky for us that we live on the top floor.



B) The general public do not seem to be interested in space matters



E) The lady in the downstairs flat is deaf.



C) When tourists eventually start arriving in space, they will need somewhere to stay D) For instance, an American firm is planning to build seven space stations served by 100 space shuttles



88. You know there is a telephone bill that has to be paid. As you’ll be passing a post office on the way to a friend’s house, you offer to pay the bill. You say to your mother:



E) A spacecraft is still more than a flying bomb which can explode at any second



A) Isn’t today the last day for paying the telephone bill? B) You’d better pay that bill before the phone is cut off. C) I suppose I could call in at the Post Office; it’s a long way off my route. D) If you haven’t paid the phone bill, I can do so in my lunch hour. 86. – 90. sorularda, verilen duruma uygun düşen cümleyi bulunuz.



E) As l shall be passing the Post Office, I thought l might as well pay that telephone bill.



86. As your friend is going to the library and you have a book that needs returning, you decide to ask her to take it back for you. You say: A) If you’re going to the library you’d better be quick. They close early on Mondays. B) Let me know when you’re going to the library and I’ll come with you. C) Read this; you’ll enjoy it. And then take it back to the library.



89. You and a friend are going to Ordu. The bus isn’t due to leave for nearly an hour but you think it’s time to set off for the bus station as the roads can be very busy about this time in the evening, and you don’t want to risk missing the bus. You say: A) It won’t take more than 15 minutes so we can have another tea before we leave.



D) I wish you’d get a book out for me; something light, holiday reading in fact.



B) There’s often a lot of traffic at this hour, so let’s play safe and set off straight away.



E) As you’re going to the library anyway, could you take this book back for me?



C) We don’t need to phone for a taxi there are always plenty at the corner of the road. D) I hate to arrive at the bus station too early. E) It’s much more pleasant to wait at home than at the bus station.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



57



90. One of your friends, Fred, has started on quite a serious training programme for a big sporting event. He has been training by himself so at the end of the third week, he’s clearly not as enthusiastic as he was at the start. You want to give him some encouragement, so when you are with mutual friends you say:



92. Sandra: - Wasn’t that the door bell? Sue: - No, it was the parrot. Sandra: - ----



A) It can’t be much fun for Fred training on his own. Why don’t some of us join him at the training sessions?



Sue: - I know. It copies the sound so perfectly that even the dog is deceived and races to the door!



B) Fred won’t be able to come to the party so let’s not disappoint him by asking him.



A) You must be joking!



C) Fred really is training hard. I didn’t expect him to keep it up so well.



B) Are you sure? It sounded just like the doorbell to me.



D) We must plan a really good surprise for Fred for when the competition is over.



C) Well! Well! How long has this been going on for? D) How do you know: Do you ever answer the door?



E) I suppose Fred hasn’t got the time to join in with any of our usual activities as he’s training all the time.



E) Was it really? Well how does your dog react?



93. Betty: - I hardly know anything about the Hittites and the Phrygians. Who were they?



91. – 95. sorularda, karşõlõklõ konuşmanõn boş bõrakõlan kõsmõnõ tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz.



Mary: - All I can tell you is that the Hittites preceded the Phrygians in ancient Anatolia and were defeated by them.



91. Greg: - Why do you want to be a geologist? Are you hoping to find oil?



Betty: - ----



Tony: - No. I want to study volcanic activity. I’m sure one ought to be able to predict earthquakes pretty accurately.



Mary: - I can’t help you with these things. You’d better get a book on the subject.



Greg: - ----



A) Yes. I know that but what about their origins, cultures, religions and languages?



Tony: - I wouldn’t mind that at all. It would be far preferable to sitting in an office all day.



B) The Hittites had their capital in central Anatolia, didn’t they?



A) Are earthquakes as dangerous as volcanoes?



C) I know that Anatolia has always been a crossroads for many peoples in history.



B) I don’t know. Apparently, no one earthquake behaves like any other.



D) The Phrygian capital, Gordian, was originally situated on a hill close to Sakarya.



C) You would be doing a lot of field-work you know, in rather uncomfortable conditions.



E) You know, Egypt is the only country that I know anything about.



D) I don’t think you should make your mind up yet. E) It’s a career that might suit you very well. Good luck!



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



58



95. Tony: - Have you read Doris Lessing’s new novel?



94. Albert: - By the way, what do you think of John’s performance in the sales department?



Joan: - I’ve only read about it. Most critics rate it very highly.



Richard: - As the manager of the department, I find him most promising. All he needs is a bit of encouragement.



Tony: - ----



Albert: - ----



Joan: - Good. As a matter of fact, they almost always are.



Richard: - Don’t you worry! I’ll do my best for him.



A) I hardly ever agree with what they say.



A) Well, then, give him some whenever you have the opportunity. He’s a nice chap.



B) Even so, her first novel is still my favourite.



B) You seem to have a grudge against him; do you?



C) Some of the critics attach more importance to her style than to the other aspects of her novels.



C) He’s very well qualified.



D) So I see you are familiar with the novel’s literary quality.



D) How long has he been working in your department?



E) They are right; the style and characterization are unusually interesting.



E) His self-confidence is a valuable asset and should help him to succeed.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



59



99. (I) Large quantities of ice have been found on Mars. (II) This raises the prospect of a manned expedition to the Red Planet. (III) So far, manned expeditions to Mars have been prevented by the difficulty in carrying enough water to support a crew. (IV) But if melted, the ice on Mars may provide not just water but also oxygen, electricity and hydrogen for rocket fuel cells as well. (V) In fact, the surface of Mars is marked by what appears to be dried-up shorelines, canyons and lakes.



96. – 100. sorularda, cümleler sõrasõyla okunduğunda parçanõn anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. 96. (I) The cheetah is the fastest moving of all the land animals. (II) The cheetah usually prefers to hunt alone, but the males sometimes hunt in packs. (III) It is capable of reaching a speed of 70 kilometres an hour in just 2 seconds. (IV) When in pursuit of prey it can travel at a speed of 100-127 kilometres an hour. (V) Moreover, it can keep up this speed for between 200 and 600 metres. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



B) II



C) III



D) IV



B) II



C) III



D) IV



C) III



D) IV



E) V



100. (I) For the first time a parachute has saved a light aircraft from disaster. (II) The incident concerned a Cirrus SR 22 aircraft. (III) When one part of a wing fell off, the pilot released the single-prop plane’s novel built-in rescue parachute. (IV) However, the plane landed in a clump of trees near Houston. (V) With its aid he was able to achieve an injury-free crash landing. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



E) V



98. (I) Sir Walter Raleigh was an outstanding example of the versatile Renaissance man. (II) Though he was a famous seaman, his real importance lies in other accomplishments. (III) As the Renaissance developed in Italy and other European countries, it began to take on added dimensions. (IV) He was a poet, a musician, a scientist, a historian, an explorer and even a pirate. (V) He also took an active part in the colonization of America. A) I



B) II



E) V



97. (I) It is now nearly 40 years since President John F. Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas. (II) Yet the events of that fateful day remain the subject of much controversy. (III) Was the suspect, Lee Harvey Oswald, a lone assassin? (IV) Actually, Dallas is the most fascinating city of Texas. (V) Or was the murder the result of a major conspiracy? A) I



A) I



TEST BİTTİ. CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.



E) V



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



60



YABANCI DİL SINAVI 22 HAZİRAN 2003 İNGİLİZCE



1. C



26. C



51. C



76. E



2. E



27. B



52. B



77. C



3. E



28. A



53. A



78. A



4. B



29. D



54. C



79. B



5. A



30. A



55. D



80. D



6. D



31. B



56. E



81. B



7. A



32. C



57. C



82. C



8. C



33. C



58. E



83. A



9. B



34. D



59. D



84. B



10. A



35. A



60. A



85. D



11. E



36. B



61. B



86. E



12. B



37. A



62. E



87. A



13. D



38. C



63. D



88. E



14. C



39. D



64. A



89. B



15. D



40. C



65. D



90. A



16. C



41. E



66. E



91. C



17. A



42. B



67. C



92. B



18. B



43. B



68. D



93. A



19. C



44. C



69. C



94. A



20. D



45. E



70. A



95. E



21. A



46. B



71. D



96. B



22. B



47. D



72. E



97. D



23. E



48. E



73. A



98. C



24. E



49. D



74. E



99. E



25. B



50. A



75. C



100. D



YABANCI DİL TESTİ



İNGİLİZCE YABANCI DİL TESTLERİNİN CEVAP ANAHTARLARI BİRBİRİNDEN FARKLIDIR. YABANCI DİLİNİZİ CEVAP KÂĞIDINIZDA AYRILAN YERE İŞARETLEMEYİ UNUTMAYINIZ.



1. Cevap kâğõdõnda, sõnav yabancõ dilinizi (İNGİLİZCE) işaretlemeyi unutmayõnõz. 2. Bu testten alacağõnõz standart puan, Yabancõ Dil Ağõrlõklõ ÖSS Puanõnõzõn hesaplanmasõnda 1,4 katsayõsõ ile çarpõlacaktõr. 3. Bu testte 100 soru vardõr. 4. Cevaplamaya istediğiniz sorudan başlayabilirsiniz. 5. Sayfalar üzerindeki boş yerleri müsvedde için kullanabilirsiniz.



4. In spite of much research into the subject, we still only ---- know how and why tornadoes form.



1. – 22. sorularda, cümlede boş bõrakõlan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



A) likely



D) partially



1. The religion of the Hittites was based upon ---- of a sun goddess and a storm god. A) wonder



B) invention D) worship



B) truly



C) ideally E) fairly



C) survival



E) display



5. Ideally, museums should have lots of public money, ---- space to exhibit most of their treasures and enough staff to look after them.



2. The success of the classical record industry is largely due to the high quality of the ----. A) descriptions



B) audiences



C) sales



D) articles



A) grateful



B) sufficient D) portative



C) incredible



E) radiant



E) products



6. Volunteer fire brigades, unlike professional ones, ---- have the training to deal with big or complicated fires.



3. The first ---- of Australia were the Aborigines, who migrated there at least 40,000 years ago from Southeast Asia. A) inhabitants



B) guests



D) citizens



A) secretly



C) population



B) suddenly



D) reasonably



E) troops



C) rarely



E) convincingly



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



45



10. The French explorer M. Peisel was touring Tibet when he first ---- a series of tall, mysterious, starshaped stone towers along the Chinese border.



7. In his final years of office, President Clinton maintained a ---- low profile but took several major trips overseas. A) certainly



B) randomly



D) plainly



C) strongly



E) relatively



A) got through



B) came across



C) felt for



D) made up E) ran over



11. French lorry-drivers ---- on strike and now they ---- the roads, which is their usual way of showing their discontent.



8. Although it is dying out in the towns, folk dance is still a vibrant tradition in Turkish villages, as you may well see if you ---- a traditional wedding party. A) involve



B) attend D) consist



A) went / had blocked



C) demonstrate



B) will go / would block



E) relieve



C) have gone / are blocking D) were going / block E) would go / are going to block



12. Tofino, which ---- once a quiet fishing village in Canada, ---- a popular year-round resort now.



9. If your brother phones, be sure to ask him if he really has ---- smoking. A) given up



B) put away



D) opened up



A) is / is becoming



C) made out



B) had been / became



E) turned off



C) has been / had become D) was / has become E) would have been / will become



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



46



16. The Mississippi Valley, where she spent the greater part ---- her life provides the background ---- most of her stories.



13. The clock face which ---- in its present form since the seventeenth century is on its way out, ---- its place to the digital clock.



A) in / to



A) exists / has left



B) of / for D) from / over



B) existed / is leaving



C) with / in



E) through / of



C) had existed / was leaving D) was existing / had left E) has existed / leaving



17. She looked ---- the sea ---- the lighthouse and tried to remember all the details.



14. In southern California, half the region’s water needs ---- by rainfall, but most of its rain ---straight into the sea. A) are being met / would be channelled



A) across / towards



B) over / across



C) at / with



D) through / at



B) could be met / is channelled



E) to / near



C) could have been met / will be channelled D) had been met / is being channelled E) were being met / will have been channelled



15. Little is known of early Finnish history, but it ---that the ancestors of the modern Finns ---- in Finland about 9,000 years ago.



18. Emily Dickinson, ---- is a famous New England poet of the nineteenth century, published only seven poems in her lifetime.



A) is thought / arrived



A) whose



B) was thought / would arrive



B) whom D) about whom



C) which E) who



C) has been thought / were arriving D) had been thought / had been arriving E) would be thought / would have arrived



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



47



19. Temperature is difficult to define precisely, ---- we all have an idea of what we mean by it. A) whether



B) in case



D) but



C) just as



E) so far as



Japan has a large number of great artists. Of all the artists of Japan, the one Westerners probably like and (23) ---- best is Hokusai. He was a (24) ----, unpredictable man who lived in as many as a hundred different houses and changed his name (25) ---- 30 times. Hokusai never painted in one period or style (26) ---- very long at a time; he never seemed to stop (27) ---- after something new.



23.



20. New York is ---- important in the Spider-Man film ---- any actor is. A) an / than



B) so / as



D) more / which



23. – 27. sorularda, aşağõdaki parçada numaralanmõş yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



A) disturb



C) as / as



B) discover D) suspect



C) allow



E) understand



E) the / that



24. A) determined



B) restless



D) consistent



21. They are worried that if the decline in the number of the Siberian tigers continues at this high rate, ---- of the species will be left in a few years. A) many



B) none D) any



C) reliable



E) sensible



25. A) greatest



C) most



B) the least



D) mostly



C) at best



E) at least



E) least



26. A) through



B) at D) with



22. The price of space travel is still ---- high for most people, but there are some ---- cheaper alternatives. A) too / much



B) so / more



D) as / even



C) for E) over



27.



C) more / such



E) most / many



A) to have been chased



B) chasing



C) having chased



D) to chase E) being chased



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



48



33. – 42. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.



28. – 32. sorularda, aşağõdaki parçada numaralanmõş yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. The etymology of the word “chocolate” may remain (28) ---- and open to debate even today; but there can be no real doubt that the ancient Aztec civilization lies at the origin of chocolate. The god Quetzalcoatl, gardener of paradise, was respected (29) ---- guardian of the cacao tree, purveyor of both strength and wealth. The seeds, or beans, were used as a form of currency, valid (30) ---- for the purchase of everyday items and for the payment of tribute money to the king. It was the spectacle of monkeys sucking the refreshing juices around the beans that first (31) ---- men the idea of tasting them. From there, it was a short step to consuming the beans (32) ----.



33. As the manager won’t admit to being at fault himself, ----. A) he had been obliged to confess too B) the trial period wouldn’t have ended so suddenly C) others received the blame for it D) we would all have been equally to blame E) he’s trying to put the blame on his assistants



28. A) regular



B) indifferent D) uncertain



C) faithful



E) suitable



29. A) just



B) even D) for



C) like E) as



30. A) not only



B) either



D) as if



34. Although Italy was politically troubled for centuries, ----.



C) both E) more



A) the political and commercial rivalries between Genoa and Venice were intense B) it is a long peninsula shaped like a boot C) it was the cultural centre of Europe from the 13th to the 16th century



31. A) having given



B) gave



C) had given



D) to have given



D) the Romans had overthrown the Etruscans in the 3rd century B.C. E) Milan, Naples and Sardinia had been lost to Austria in the early 18th century



E) has given



32. A) themselves



B) as theirs



C) itself



D) by them E) for them



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



49



37. Because the public theatres in Renaissance England attracted large audiences from all levels of society, ----.



35. ----, where the cars are fast and highways crowded. A) The physics of traffic is rapidly gaining importance in Germany



A) Thomas Campion was one of the most popular songwriters of the period



B) There were actually relatively fewer car accidents during the summer months



B) other places of entertainment had also been built along the river Thames



C) Those roads weren’t in need of repair D) It’s possible to drive from London to Edinburgh in six hours E) A minimum speed limit was finally agreed on



C) pickpockets and other criminals were drawn there D) in fact native English drama had existed at least since medieval times E) William Shakespeare played a very important part in the development of English drama



38. Maintaining the environment isn’t simply protecting animals ----.



36. ---- that are big enough and strong enough to kill dogs and sometimes even people.



A) unless they had almost become extinct



A) These young lions had to learn how to kill their prey



B) that are rare and exotic



B) Size is not necessarily a sign of strength



C) which could have been done better by a zoo



C) The bigger the animals are



D) since many of them are indeed dangerous



D) Snakes can kill by poisoning



E) whether man is the planet’s most dangerous enemy



E) In New Guinea there are birds



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



50



39. A job interview is a chance for you to find out ----. A) since first impressions are of great importance



41. ----, she returned to Ireland to work in a hospital near Dublin. A) If there had been another war



B) as if you really were the one they were looking for



B) Soon after the war began C) Unless she can find suitable work in London



C) if you are going to prepare some relevant questions



D) As soon as she hears from you



D) whether you and the job are right for each other



E) Whenever she wrote to me about her problems



E) so long as you are able to relax



42. During the American Revolution, there was relatively little fighting actually in North Carolina, ----.



40. Holes in the sides of their new World Cup shirts create drafts ----.



A) but many North Carolinians were fighting elsewhere



A) when temperatures rose sharply in July B) if only they could get rid of excess moisture



B) while the region was established as a colony



C) while it has been designed for hot, wet climates



C) since it is the nation’s largest textile and furniture producer



D) whether the fit needs to be considered E) which help to keep the players cool



D) so long as it was one of the most densely populated regions of the country E) as the first settlements were established in the region in 1653



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



51



45. It’s not really necessary; but I’m sure they would be pleased if we did.



43. – 46. sorularda, verilen cümlenin hangi sorunun cevabõ olduğunu bulunuz.



A) Must we ask June and Peter to come too? 43. I’m not sure; Sheila’s probably.



B) Are you going to get a present for John?



A) Were there any landscapes at the exhibition?



C) Why are you making so many sandwiches?



B) Who did you go to the exhibition with? C) Where were the paintings exhibited?



D) Can we walk there, or will we have to take a bus?



D) Whose paintings attracted most attention at the exhibition?



E) Did you tell Pat how much we wanted her to come?



E) Did the portraits cover the 20th century only?



46. I didn’t know myself until two or three days ago.



44. It depends; on average, perhaps, a couple of times a month.



A) Have you ever thought of going on a skiing holiday instead of going to the seaside?



A) Who is going to organize the next class picnic?



B) Which of the cruises are you going to join?



B) Will the manager be calling another meeting this month? C) How often does your sister come to visit you?



C) Why didn’t you let me know earlier that you were going to be in Edinburgh in September?



D) Why are they so late with the examinations this year?



D) Who arranged all the details of the holiday for you and booked you in at this hotel?



E) When can we go to the cinema again?



E) Couldn’t you have got someone else to run the office for a week?



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



52



49. The development of computers has been amazingly rapid, and the future could be different from today’s forecasts.



47. – 50. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakõn Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz.



A) Bilgisayarlarda gelişimin şaşõrtõcõ derecede hõzlõ olmasõ, geleceğin öngörülenden farklõ olabileceğini gösteriyor.



47. We value all the arts because they enrich and diversify our emotional life. A) Duygu yaşamõmõzõn zengin olmasõnõ ve çeşitlilik kazanmasõnõ sağlayan tüm sanatlar bizim için değerlidir.



B) Bilgisayarlar şaşõrtõcõ derecede hõzlõ bir gelişim gösterdiği için gelecek bugünden farklõ olabilir.



B) Tüm sanatlara değer vererek duygu yaşamõmõzõn zengin ve çeşitli olmasõnõ sağlarõz.



C) Bilgisayarlarõn gelişimi şaşõrtõcõ derecede hõzlõ olmuştur ve gelecek, bugünün tahminlerinden farklõ olabilir.



C) Duygu yaşamõmõzõn zenginleşmesi ve farklõ olmasõ için tüm sanatlara değer veririz.



D) Şaşõrtõcõ derecede hõzlõ bir gelişim gösteren bilgisayarlar ile gelecek, bugünden farklõ olabilir.



D) Tüm sanatlara değer veririz çünkü duygu yaşamõmõzõ zenginleştirir ve çeşitlendirirler.



E) Bilgisayarlar şaşõrtõcõ derecede hõzlõ bir gelişim göstermiştir, fakat gelecek, bugün düşünülenlerden farklõ olabilir.



E) Bizim için değerli olan tüm sanatlar, duygu yaşamõmõzõ zenginleştirir ve çeşitlendirir.



48. Cutting down trees to build houses not only damages the environment, but also threatens human health.



50. So far, various theories have been put forward to explain the origin of Saturn’s rings. A) Satürn’ün halkalarõ farklõ zamanlarda öne sürülen değişik kuramlara temel oluşturmuştur.



A) Ev yapmak amacõyla ağaçlarõn kesilmesi çevreye zarar vermekle kalmaz, insan sağlõğõnõ da tehdit eder.



B) Satürn’ün halkalarõnõn oluşumunu açõklamak için sürekli olarak yeni kuramlar ortaya atõlmaktadõr.



B) Ev yaparken bazõ ağaçlarõn kesilmesi çevreye zarar verir, aynõ zamanda insan sağlõğõnõ tehdit eder.



C) Bugüne kadar ortaya atõlan çeşitli kuramlar, Satürn’ün halkalarõnõn kökenini açõklamaktadõr.



C) Ev yapmak amacõyla ağaçlarõn kesilmesi insan sağlõğõnõ tehdit etmese de çevreye zarar verir.



D) Satürn’ün halkalarõnõn oluşumu, sürekli olarak çeşitli kuramlarla açõklanmaya çalõşõlmaktadõr.



D) Ağaçlarõn ev yapmak için kesilmesi hem çevreyi hem de insan sağlõğõnõ kötü etkiler.



E) Satürn’ün halkalarõnõn kökenini açõklamak için bugüne kadar çeşitli kuramlar öne sürülmüştür.



E) Çevreye zarar veren ve insan sağlõğõnõ tehdit eden nedenlerden biri ağaçlarõn ev yapmak için kesilmesidir.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



53



53. Ankara’da M.Ö. 1200 öncesine uzanan Hitit kalõntõlarõ bulunmuş olmasõna karşõn, aslõnda kent, Frigler tarafõndan kurulmuştur.



51. – 54. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakõn İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz.



A) Ankara was really discovered by the Phrygians and Hittite remains dating back to 1200 B.C. have been found there.



51. Japonya’da, gelecek otuz yõlda nüfus azalõrken daha fazla robota gereksinim duyulacaktõr. A) More robots are going to be needed in Japan as the population decreases over the next thirty years.



B) Although Hittite remains dating back to before 1200 B.C. have been found in Ankara, the town was really founded by the Phrygians.



B) As the population of Japan is expected to decrease over the next thirty years robots will become even more necessary.



C) It was the Phrygians who actually founded Ankara, but Hittite remains dating back to 1200 B.C. have been found close to the town.



C) The decrease in the population of Japan over these thirty years has added to the importance of robots there. D) Since the population of Japan is likely to decrease over the coming thirty years the need for robots will increase.



D) There are Hittite remains in Ankara which seem to date back to 1200 B.C. but it was the Phrygians who actually founded the town. E) Ankara was founded by the Phrygians but prior to that around 1200 B.C. the Hittites had already been there.



E) The population of Japan may decrease over the next thirty years and so the need for robots will increase even more.



54. On yedinci yüzyõlõn sonunda, Osmanlõ İmparatorluğu hâlâ büyük ve güçlüydü, ancak ekonomik ve bilimsel ilerleme bakõmõndan hõzla Batõ’nõn gerisinde kalmaktaydõ.



52. Çocuklar her bir ebeveynden genlerinin % 50’sini aldõklarõ için aile bireyleri arasõndaki benzerlikler şaşõrtõcõ değildir.



A) In the Ottoman Empire, economic and scientific progress failed to keep up with that of the West during the seventeenth century, but the size and the power of the Empire remained unchanged.



A) Family likenesses are inevitable as children get 50% of their genes from each parent. B) Similarities between family members are to be expected since children get 50% of their genes from each parent. C) Because children inherit 50% of their genes from each parent, similarities between family members are not surprising. D) Family likenesses are the result of the genes children inherit, and 50% of them apparently come from each parent.



B) By the end of the seventeenth century, the Ottoman Empire was clearly dropping behind the West in terms of economic and scientific progress but not in terms of size and power. C) The Ottoman Empire continued to be huge and powerful to the very end of the seventeenth century, but economic and scientific progress was slow in comparison with the West. D) At the end of the seventeenth century, the Ottoman Empire was still vast and powerful, but was rapidly dropping behind the West in terms of economic and scientific progress.



E) Such similarities among family members should not surprise us since children get 50% of their genes from each parent.



E) The size and the strength of the Ottoman Empire changed little during the seventeenth century but it dropped rapidly behind the West in economic and scientific matters.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



54



56. The author points out in the passage that the chemicals we use to grow food ----.



55. – 57. sorularõ aşağõdaki parçaya göre cevaplayõnõz.



A) do not as a general rule pollute either the water or the air



Producing food costs the earth dearly. First of all, to grow food, we clear land which always incurs losses of native ecosystems and wildlife. Then we plant crops or graze animals on the land. The soil loses nutrients as each crop is taken from it, so fertilizer is applied. Some fertilizer runs off, polluting the waterways. Some plowed soil runs off, which clouds the waterways and interferes with the growth of aquatic plants and animals. To protect crops against weeds and pests, we apply herbicides and pesticides. These chemicals also pollute the water and, wherever the wind carries them, the air. Most herbicides and pesticides kill not only weeds and pests, but also native insects, and animals that eat those plants and insects.



B) ultimately cause serious soil loss C) are the same type of chemicals as herbicides and pesticides D) also support the wildlife in the region E) are both beneficial and harmful



57. It is pointed out in the passage that fertilizers are used ----.



55. The main point made in the passage is that ----. A) we damage land in various ways in our efforts to grow crops for food



A) only when the crops are overgrown by weeds B) since they help to restore ecosystems



B) it is possible to grow plenty of food without using any fertilizers



C) because they have almost no ill effect upon the environment



C) the pollution caused by herbicides and pesticides can easily be overcome



D) to replace the nutrients that crops have taken out of the soil



D) aquatic plants and animals are the ones that suffer most from the use of chemicals



E) to protect crops from pests



E) ecosystems worldwide are being seriously threatened with extinction



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



55



59. It is pointed out in the passage that, during the Renaissance, more and more people ----.



58. – 60. sorularõ aşağõdaki parçaya göre cevaplayõnõz. The invention of the printing press during the Renaissance, together with improved methods of manufacturing paper, made possible the rapid spread of knowledge. In 1476, William Caxton set up England’s first printing press at Westminster, a part of London. By 1640, that press and others had printed more than 26,000 different works and editions. With the printing press and the increased availability of books, literacy increased. It is estimated that by 1530 more than half the population of England was literate.



58. We understand from the passage that paper production methods ----.



A) began to settle in London, particularly in the neighbourhood of Westminster B) were setting up printing presses C) began to collect the early editions of the books printed by Caxton D) realized the need to improve methods of paper production E) began to read and write as more books were printed and easy to obtain



60. It is clear from the passage that from the time of Caxton to the mid-17th century ----.



A) had, prior to the introduction of the printing press, been relatively poor



A) there was no progress whatsoever in the techniques of printing



B) had, for many years, been a serious concern for Caxton



B) most books were only popular for a few months



C) improved rapidly around the year 1640



C) a remarkable variety of books became available in England



D) contributed to the reduction in the printing costs of books



D) England’s population nearly doubled



E) in Renaissance England were far ahead of those in other countries



E) the number of literate people remained the same



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



56



62. In the passage the writer ----.



61. – 63. sorularõ aşağõdaki parçaya göre cevaplayõnõz.



A) points out that everyday life presents many challenges that even the very fit cannot cope with



Narrowly defined, fitness refers to the characteristics that enable the body to perform physical activity. These characteristics include flexibility of the joints, strength and endurance of the muscles, including the heart muscle, and a healthy body composition. A broader definition of fitness is the ability to meet routine physical demands with enough reserve energy to rise to a sudden challenge. This definition shows how fitness relates to everyday life. Ordinary tasks such as carrying heavy suitcases, opening a stuck window, or climbing four flights of stairs, which might strain an unfit person, are easy for a fit person. Still another definition is the body’s ability to withstand stress, meaning both physical and psychological stresses. These definitions do not contradict each other; all three describe the same wonderful condition of the body.



B) attaches more importance to physical flexibility than to physical endurance C) gives three definitions of fitness that do not conflict with each other D) suggests that people routinely perform various tasks to maintain their fitness E) claims that physical fitness can easily be maintained



61. According to the passage, for people who are not fit, ----.



63. The idea of fitness put forward in the passage ----. A) seems rather outdated and controversial B) is complicated and contradictory



A) psychological depression is more or less inevitable



C) seems to ignore the ability to withstand stress



B) the carrying out of various apparently ordinary tasks can be rather difficult



D) relates more to the sports enthusiasts than to ordinary people



C) the first thing to consider is a better diet



E) includes not only physical fitness, but also the psychological one



D) recommendations on how to achieve fitness invariably have no appeal E) exercise is tiring and should be avoided



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



57



65. The cave which the narrator describes in the passage ----.



64. – 66. sorularõ aşağõdaki parçaya göre cevaplayõnõz.



A) had not yet become a tourist attraction I will never forget my first visit to Lascaux. It was a terribly hot July day in 1949, and I was 11 years old. My parents had decided to show me this prehistoric painted cave that had been discovered nine years earlier, and about which there was still so much talk. A newly built road let to the cave near Montignac in southwest France, and there we found a country fair atmosphere. There were buses, hundreds of visitors and people selling ice cream and postcards. There were long lines to buy tickets, long lines to enter the cave. I recall the smell of the pine trees and how many visitors suffered from the heat. After a long wait my parents and I passed through a monumental bronze door and into the semidarkness. We went down the stairs into the large chamber called the Hall of the Bulls, which was 17 meters long, 7 meters wide and 6 meters high. The guide’s flashlight lit the walls. Suddenly all around was a great parade of animals: the big bulls, the black horses, and red and black deer.



64. One point made by the narrator in this passage is that ----. A) despite its fame the cave itself was rather disappointing



B) was largely visited by local people C) presents a vivid picture of what life was like in prehistoric times D) had been open to the public for several decades E) contained a great many wall paintings dating back to very ancient times



66. It is understood from the passage that the visit to the cave ----. A) was originally the narrator’s own idea B) was arranged for the narrator by his parents



B) he was well-informed about the cave before he visited it



C) was not very enjoyable for the narrator as he felt frightened when he was in the cave



C) the cave was in a remote part of France, and difficult to get to



D) turned out to be a great disappointment



D) a lot of time passed before the narrator and his parents could get into the cave



E) took place on a delightfully fresh warm summer’s day



E) one could explore the cave easily on one’s own



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



58



68. We understand from the passage that the job advertisements in the newspapers ----.



67. – 69. sorularõ aşağõdaki parçaya göre cevaplayõnõz.



A) interested the women far more than the men At the doors of the City Library waited a dozen men and half as many women; the lucky ones, by squeezing very close, partly sheltered themselves from the cold rain; not a word of conversation passed among them, and time passed very slowly. Then the clock struck, and the doors opened. There was a great rush down the stairs to the newspaper room, and the first sight of this or that morning paper. All the women, but only a few of the men, were genuinely eager to search columns of advertisements, on the chance of finding employment; the rest came for horse-racing news, or a murder trial, or some such matter of popular interest. In a very short time each of the favourite journals had its little crowd, waiting with impatience behind the two or three persons who managed to read simultaneously. The only sound was that of rustling papers.



B) were the main attraction for men and women alike C) attracted fewer readers than did the horse-racing columns D) soon became the topic of friendly conversations among the readers E) invariably failed to meet the expectations of the readers



69. It is clear from the passage that people came to the library early in the morning in order to ----.



67. This passage describes a scene at a public library early one morning, and ----.



A) read a newspaper before going to work



A) argues for the need to open more public libraries



B) find out primarily, about the horse-racing results



B) stresses the problems of public libraries and how to overcome them



C) get a warm place in which to shelter



C) is full of details about the people there



D) meet their friends and do a bit of reading



D) could be part of a political speech on the lives of working people



E) get information about things that interested them



E) all the people described have the same interests



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



59



71. It is clear from the passage that, in the Victorian age, leading writers ----.



70. – 72. sorularõ aşağõdaki parçaya göre cevaplayõnõz. The tension between financial growth and social th instability in 19 -century Victorian England influenced its literature. Prosperity brought a great number of new readers, with money to spend on books and periodicals. In this period, when few people went to the theatre or concerts, literature functioned as a primary source of entertainment. Writers had available an audience eager to read and willing to pay. In addition, writers were respected more than at any time in English literary history. The masses knew and loved the works of the most famous, while the wealthy sought their friendship. Major Victorian writers had the attention of political and social leaders, and when they spoke, they were listened to.



A) mainly concerned themselves with the problems of the masses B) were much respected by politicians and could influence them C) often made a career for themselves in politics as they grew older D) aimed to entertain rather than to instruct and guide E) were eager to make theatre-going more popular



72. We understand from the passage that Victorian literature ----.



70. It is pointed out in the passage that, in Victorian England, ----.



A) was affected by the economic and social issues of the age



A) it was the masses, rather than the wealthy, who were hit hard by the economic decline



B) was primarily written about and for the wealthy



B) theatres were popular places of entertainment and attracted large audiences



C) deliberately avoided political and social issues



C) politicians virtually ignored the opinions expressed by the writers of the period



D) is not generally regarded as a significant part of English literary history



D) reading was a popular pastime for everyone



E) has never been of much interest to the masses



E) there was a remarkable degree of social harmony between the classes



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



60



74. We understand from the passage that the kind of films that please John Lasseter most ----.



73. – 75. sorularõ aşağõdaki parçaya göre cevaplayõnõz.



A) are the ones that are the result of the joint efforts of many people working under pressure



When Toy Story I was released in 1995, it became an international sensation. It was the first feature film to be entirely constructed from computer animation and its considerable technical achievements were the result of four years of hard work by a large team of computer animators. The results have been greatly appreciated. The question now is: will Toy Story II continue to impress? Judging by the enthusiastic reception at a recent press screening from an audience made up largely of adults, the answer is a definite “yes”. “The movies that I’m most affected by are the ones that make me laugh hysterically but also have an effect on my emotions”, says the film’s director John Lasseter. Toy Story II does just that.



B) are the ones with a large proportion of computer animation C) are the ones that are both extremely funny and also appeal to the feelings D) deal with sad events that leave people feeling upset E) are films about children and for children



73. We learn from the passage that Toy Story I ----. A) was so amusing that many people wanted to see it again and again B) appealed more to adults than it did to children



75. It is clear from the passage that the making of Toy Story I ----. A) brought great fame to director John Lasseter, though he didn’t actually deserve it B) involved a great many people and called for a lot of effort and collaboration



C) received poor reviews from the press when it was first screened for journalists



C) was a costly production, and this upset the director



D) has been surpassed by Toy Story II in every respect



D) included both computer animation and live acting



E) was greatly admired throughout the world when it first came out



E) was so tiring that Lasseter was reluctant to start work on Toy Story II



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



61



78. Mary felt quite certain that her sister would stand by her, but in the end she didn’t.



76. – 80. sorularda, verilen cümleye anlamca en yakõn olan cümleyi bulunuz.



A) Mary had hoped that her sister would come to her aid, but she never did.



76. One of them must be lying, and I suspect it’s Emma. A) It’s probably Emma who is lying, it can’t be one of the others.



B) Mary was confident that she would have her sister’s support, but as it turned out she let her down.



B) Emma is the one who is lying; it’s clearly not one of the others.



C) Mary didn’t expect her own sister to let her down like that.



C) Clearly it’s Emma who is lying and the others are not.



D) It was unrealistic of Mary to rely on getting help from her sister.



D) If anyone is lying, it’s got to be Emma.



E) It came as a horrible shock to Mary when her own sister turned against her like that.



E) I have a feeling that it’s Emma who is lying; one of them certainly is.



79. Our system is that the losing side pays for the hire of the basketball court.



77. It’s the best film I’ve seen in ages. A) It’s not often one has the chance to see such an excellent film.



A) If our side loses, then we will have to pay for the hire of the basketball court.



B) It’s quite the best film I have ever seen.



B) I don’t see why the losers should have to pay for the hire of the basketball court.



C) That was a terrific film, quite unlike anything I have ever seen. D) It’s a long time since I saw such a wonderful film.



C) The way we do it is, whichever side loses, that side pays for the hire of the basketball court. D) With us it’s the winners, not the losers who have to pay for the hire of the basketball court.



E) It’s an excellent film; I saw it years ago.



E) The losers obviously expect the winning side to pay for the hire of the basketball court.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



62



80. If only you’d told me you were planning to spend the summer in Alanya, I would have joined you there. A) I’m planning to come to Alanya in the summer as I hear you’ll be there then.



82. Most successful short stories are characterized by compression. The writer’s aim is to say as much as possible as briefly as possible. ----. It means only that nothing is wasted and that all the words and details are chosen for maximum effectiveness.



B) You should have let me know that you’d be in Alanya during the summer and I’d have come too.



A) Background and time are both chosen carefully



C) I will be spending all the summer in Alanya, and hope you’ll be able to join me there.



C) In other words, much emphasis must be put on the portrayal of the main character



D) Let me know if you can manage to get to Alanya next summer so that I can arrange to join you there.



D) Some writers make even more use of symbolism



B) Such details will obviously be omitted



E) This does not mean that in order to be good a story has to be short



E) Be sure to let me know what your plans are for the summer, as I’m hoping we can meet up in Alanya.



81. – 85. sorularda, boş bõrakõlan yere, parçanõn anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz. 81. Poetry is one of the oldest forms of literature. ----. They used rhythm and rhyme to help them remember the stories better. Ballads are a good example of this, for they are stories in poetic form that were sung. A) Before literature was written down, people told stories



83. A biography is an account of a person’s life. It will often concentrate on that person’s achievements and on the difficulties that had to be overcome before success was possible. ----. But at the same time he must keep to the known facts about the person. A) The background is sometimes equally important B) Most biographies are about people who have done something significant C) In an autobiography, the author is writing about himself



B) Each word and phrase in this poem is chosen with great care



D) The biographer must create living, believable characters



C) In poems, language is used in unusual and creative ways



E) For instance, many people have written biographies of Queen Victoria



D) Prose is the language used in everyday life E) Even so, there are certain basic similarities between present-day poetry and that of the past



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



63



84. The word “panic”, meaning fear, comes from the name of the Greek god Pan, a noisy musician who was thought to play his pipes day and night in the woods. Long ago people thought Pan made the sounds that frightened travellers in the wilderness at night. ----. A) The word “panic” soon came to describe their fear



86. – 90. sorularda, verilen durumda söylenmiş olabilecek sözü bulunuz. 86. A classmate, Barry, has fallen off his bicycle and injured himself but not too seriously. You get hold of another classmate and suggest you go together and visit him to cheer him up: A) Barry’s feeling rather miserable after the bicycle accident and wants us to visit him, shall we?



B) Sometimes an author does not state directly everything that is happening



B) Have you been to visit Barry yet? You do know, don’t you, that he’s fallen off his bike?



C) One way to find the meaning of unfamiliar words is to use the context



C) Did you know that poor Barry has hurt himself falling off a bike? Let’s go and amuse him a bit.



D) A synonym is a word that has almost the same meaning as another word



D) My mother thinks we ought to visit Barry as he’s hurt himself a bit. What do you say?



E) When we look up an unfamiliar word in a dictionary, we may find more than one definition



E) Do we really have to go and visit this Barry? He’s not badly hurt.



85. Most of our misconceptions of art arise from a lack of consistency in the use of the words “art” and “beauty”. ----. This identification of art and beauty is at the bottom of all our difficulties in the appreciation of art. For art is not necessarily beauty. Whether we look at the problem historically or sociologically, we find that art has often been a thing of no beauty.



87. A friend of yours has a spare ticket for a special pop concert, and has asked if you’d like to join him and some others at the concert. Obviously you are delighted and accept straight away, saying: A) It’s a marvellous chance for me to get to this pop concert! Of course, I’d love to come with you.



A) There are certain characteristics common to all the arts



B) I’ve always been fond of pop concerts, haven’t you?



B) We always assume that art and beauty go together and that ugliness is the opposite of art



C) Do you know who is organizing these pop concerts? It must be hard work.



C) Such a theory of art is as inclusive as any theory of art needs to be



D) Why is it you’re so interested in this concert? Because of your friends?



D) For the ancient Greeks, art was an idealization of nature, and especially of man



E) I’ll have to think about it. What’s the date of it? I’ve rather a lot on at the moment.



E) In this sense it is true to say that art is expression – nothing more, and nothing less



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



64



90. Your mother finds you looking through several travel magazines. She knows you’re longing to go to some exotic place for a holiday and wishes you could. So, as a way of sharing your feelings, she leans over your shoulder and says quietly:



88. Your brother is supposed to be taking part in a cross-country running competition. He feels he has no chance of winning and so is wondering about withdrawing from the race. To encourage him to run the race, you say: A) This cross-country competition is putting too much stress on you. Forget it!



A) I wish you were a bit more adventurous. When I was your age, we used to go camping!



B) What’s the matter with you? If you don’t want to run, don’t.



B) All these holiday resorts in faraway countries are quite beyond anything we can afford.



C) It’s not like you to keep changing your mind. Come on, make a definite decision and keep to it.



C) You are wasting your time with these magazines. It’s time you grew up and became realistic.



D) By the way, I hear John’s not running. What have you decided to do?



D) If we really had plenty of money, where would you go for your dream holiday?



E) Come on! It’s not the end of the world if you don’t win. And you’ve a good chance of winning.



E) I don’t think these places are nearly as exotic as the magazines suggest.



91. – 95. sorularda, karşõlõklõ konuşmanõn boş bõrakõlan kõsmõnõ tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz. 91. Molly : - What are you doing on Saturday? 89. You are doing some research for a geography homework on Norway’s fjords. So you go to the library and ask the librarian there for assistance:



Agnes : - ----



A) I’ve found two books on Norway’s fjords, but they are very out-of-date.



Molly : - Do you need any help?



B) There is not a single book on Norway’s fjords in this library!



Agnes : - I certainly do! You can use a sewing machine, can’t you?



C) Can you help me to find some material on the coastline of Norway?



A) I’ve still not finished the costumes for the end-ofterm play. So I’ll be busy with them.



D) I’m rather disappointed to find you have so little material on Norway and its fjords.



B) I promised to help mother in the garden. There really is a lot to do there.



E) If you’d given me a little assistance when I came in, I would easily have found these books on the fjords of Norway.



C) My little brother is having a birthday party and I’m on duty; organizing the games I suppose. D) Nothing at all. I’ve been terribly busy all week and I’m determined to do nothing at all on Saturday. E) Nothing much. Have you any suggestions?



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



65



94. Jenny : - How’s your brother getting on? He’s at Leeds University, isn’t he?



92. John : - You’re looking worried. What’s the matter? Martin : - ----



Roger : - That’s right. He’s studying medicine there.



John : - Then don’t listen to them. Keep it simple and include only what you think is necessary.



Jenny : - ---Roger : - No. He’s in his final year. He’ll soon be a fully qualified doctor.



Martin : - Yes; I’m sure that will be best. A) I wish I hadn’t agreed to play table tennis with them this evening.



A) The first two years are the hardest. B) What year is he in? Third?



B) I really want to apologize for breaking that window, but don’t know what to say.



C) When does he expect to finish?



C) They keep trying to persuade me to go on that bicycle trip with them, but I don’t want to.



D) He always wanted to be a doctor, didn’t he?



D) It’s that letter of application. Everyone is trying to advise me; and they are all saying different things!



E) Leeds has a good medical school.



E) I know I didn’t do at all well at that interview, so I won’t be offered the job. What can I do to improve myself?



95. Pat : - If there’s a good film on the TV tonight, let’s watch it.



93. Ken : - I plan to spend two to three months in France when I finish school, and get fluent in French.



Nancy : - There’s Trial by Jury but we’ve both seen that.



Paul : - ----



Pat : - ----



Ken : - Not necessarily. And, besides, I’m earning quite a bit of money now with a part-time job as a waiter. Paul : - Good for you! You really are very enterprising.



Nancy : - That’s true. So sit down; it’s about to start. A) Then how about going to the cinema down the road? B) I can’t remember much about it, can you?



A) I’d come with you if only I had the money.



C) Yes; and I certainly don’t want to see it again!



B) I’d like to go to Germany for the same reason.



D) Well, I can’t remember anything about it.



C) That’s a good idea. But won’t it be expensive?



E) Yes; but it was a terrific film, and well-worth seeing again.



D) Lucky you! Where’s the money coming from? E) Will you be in Paris most of the time?



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



66



99. (I) Cameroon has begun to make one of its deadly lakes safe at last. (II) With the increase in oil, timber and coffee exports, Cameroon’s economy has improved remarkably over recent years. (III) Engineers have started installing pipes to remove carbon dioxide building up in the depths of Lake Monoun, which could erupt at any time and suffocate people nearby. (IV) The pipes will begin pumping out the gas by the end of the year. (V) This should make Lake Monoun safe within a year and a half.



96. – 100. sorularda, cümleler sõrasõyla okunduğunda parçanõn anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. 96. (I) Modern Trabzon is built on a mountainside. (II) It is a bright, busy town with cafés and bookshops and restaurants. (III) Most visitors, however, go there in order to see the dramatic Byzantine monastery at Sumela. (IV) Trabzon is the largest port along Eastern Turkey’s Black Sea coast. (V) This has been carved out of a steep rock cliff and is well-worth a visit. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



B) II



C) III



D) IV



D) IV



E) V



100. (I) Jean Piaget is the psychologist whose work has had the greatest influence on the study of child development. (II) Among the first to accept Piaget’s theories were educators, who began to develop school curricula based on his ideas. (III) During the 1940s and 1950s American child psychology turned toward environmental and conditioning methods. (IV) He’s different from any other psychologist in that his theoretical views are still widely accepted in some form by many of today’s developmental psychologists. (V) Further Piaget’s many books on child psychology remain the greatest contribution to the field by a single scholar.



E) V



A) I



98. (I) Contemporary rock and pop music has come about due to vast advances in technology. (II) In this respect the impact of the microphone should not be underestimated. (III) Further, certain environmental forces may influence how they sing. (IV) It has enabled quiet, intimate sounds to be magnified. (V) In turn, this has allowed the singer to experiment with the emphasis on mood rather than strict adherence to proper breathing. A) I



C) III



E) V



97. (I) At this time the writer was living in a tiny flat in Edinburgh with her baby daughter. (II) The latest Harry Potter book has had an unexpected effect on young fans. (III) Some paediatricians have reported an outbreak of headaches among children reading Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. (IV) They attributed this problem to the 8-hour reading sessions the young enthusiasts put in as they worked their way through the 870-page volume. (V) Fortunately, the problem clears up of its own accord a day or two after the reader finishes the book. A) I



B) II



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



TEST BİTTİ. CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.



E) V



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



67



27 HAZİRAN 2004 YABANCI DİL SINAVI (YDS) İNGİLİZCE BASIN KOPYASI CEVAP ANAHTARI



1. D



26. C



51. A



76. E



2. E



27. B



52. C



77. D



3. A



28. D



53. B



78. B



4. D



29. E



54. D



79. C



5. B



30. C



55. A



80. B



6. C



31. B



56. E



81. A



7. E



32. A



57. D



82. E



8. B



33. E



58. A



83. D



9. A



34. C



59. E



84. A



10. B



35. A



60. C



85. B



11. C



36. E



61. B



86. C



12. D



37. C



62. C



87. A



13. E



38. B



63. E



88. E



14. B



39. D



64. D



89. C



15. A



40. E



65. E



90. D



16. B



41. B



66. B



91. A



17. A



42. A



67. C



92. D



18. E



43. D



68. A



93. C



19. D



44. C



69. E



94. B



20. C



45. A



70. D



95. E



21. B



46. C



71. B



96. D



22. A



47. D



72. A



97. A



23. E



48. A



73. E



98. C



24. B



49. C



74. C



99. B



25. E



50. E



75. B



100. C



ÖSYM



2005 YDS BASIN KOPYASI



YABANCI DİL TESTİ



İNGİLİZCE YABANCI DİL TESTLERİNİN CEVAP ANAHTARLARI BİRBİRİNDEN FARKLIDIR. YABANCI DİLİNİZİ CEVAP KÂĞIDINIZDA AYRILAN YERE İŞARETLEMEYİ UNUTMAYINIZ.



1. Cevap kâğıdında, sınav yabancı dilinizi (İNGİLİZCE) işaretlemeyi unutmayınız. 2. Bu testten alacağınız standart puan, Yabancı Dil Ağırlıklı ÖSS Puanınızın hesaplanmasında 1,4 katsayısı ile çarpılacaktır. 3. Bu testte 100 soru vardır. 4. Cevaplamaya istediğiniz sorudan başlayabilirsiniz. 5. Sayfalar üzerindeki boş yerleri müsvedde için kullanabilirsiniz.



4. Queen Elizabeth I established a strong central government that received the ---- support of her people.



1. – 22. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



A) loyal 1. The new version of the Night Sky programme has various ---- that make it much more enjoyable than the first version. A) extracts



B) totals



D) needs



B) favourite D) sensitive



C) capable



E) fluent



C) additions E) disappointments



5. Stewart, a young and ---- talented British historian, has written a book on the impact of World War II on British politics.



2. It was the only school for miles around and so all the children in the ---- went to the same school. A) situation



B) property



C) department



D) neighbourhood



A) convincingly



B) remarkably



D) continually



C) directly



E) crucially



E) circumstance



6. Fire-fighting and the training methods employed are becoming ---- complex.



3. I was a ---- child and so I used to make up stories and hold conversations with imaginary people. A) painful



B) selfish D) charming



A) previously



C) consistent



B) plainly



D) courageously



E) lonely



C) partly E) extremely



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



45



ÖSYM



2005 YDS BASIN KOPYASI



10. Virginia was a brilliant young woman who ---- in a literary atmosphere.



7. Films quite often focus on journalism, and from time to time they have critically examined and ---this profession. A) succeeded



B) deserved



D) influenced



A) took over



C) denied



D) grew up



B) reduce D) combine



C) held on



E) showed up



E) suspected



8. Marathon-training schedules range from four to six months and they all ---- considerable discipline. A) require



B) put up



11. The “Concorde” was a business failure and fewer aircraft of this type ---- than ----. A) are sold / would be expected



C) imply



B) were sold / had been expected



E) improve



C) would be sold / are expected D) had been sold / were expected E) were being sold / have been expected



12. Since everyone ---- different, it ---- a good idea to draw up a realistic career plan based on one’s own limits.



9. Every time we turn on our lights, cook a meal or heat our homes, we are ---- some form of fuel to make it happen. A) sending for



B) waiting on



A) can be / had been



C) relying on



D) making out



B) had been / would be C) was / must be



E) pulling through



D) will be / has been E) is / is



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



46



ÖSYM



2005 YDS BASIN KOPYASI



13. The book ---- a surprisingly interesting account of the geography of Great Britain and there ---- a need for such a book for a long time now. A) would give / had been



B) had given / was



C) has given / is



D) gives / has been



16. Chaucer was successful as a poet because he could combine his great learning ---- an enthusiastic love ---- the everyday lives of ordinary people. A) at / to



B) to / from D) through / of



E) is giving / was



C) with / for



E) by / into



17. He is ---- many ways a typical teenager, sceptical ---- all authority.



14. If I ---- just how cold it was going to be, I ---- some warmer clothes with me.



A) on / to



A) realized / took



B) with / through D) in / of



B) had realized / would have taken



C) by / from



E) at / about



C) would realize / will take D) have realized / had taken E) used to realize / would take



18. Julius Caesar expected to rule for life, ---- he was assassinated by conspirators on 15 March in the year 44 B.C.



15. At that time, since her aunt ---- in the same neighbourhood she ---- her at least once a week. A) is living / would visit



A) although



B) has lived / has visited



D) if



B) because



C) as



E) but



C) lived / visits D) was living / used to visit E) lives / was visiting



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



47



ÖSYM



2005 YDS BASIN KOPYASI



19. Jane is a wonderful person, but ---- I am with her I feel useless and pathetic. A) whenever



B) even so



D) however



C) so that



E) the sooner



Two years ago China joined the World Trade Organization and tariffs began to drop and the country began to grow richer. (23) ---- Beijing hosts the 2008 Olympic Games, the people of the world (24) ---- a city and a country that has been transformed. China is now (25) ---- the largest economies in the world and it is becoming a (26) ---trading partner (27) ---- the US.



23.



20. “Hacking” is unauthorized access to a computer, ---- for fun or for harmful or fraudulent purposes. A) since



B) both D) whether



23. – 27. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



A) Until



C) more



B) When D) As if



C) Unless E) Once



E) such



24. A) would find



B) has found



D) is finding



21. Next generation space suits will be ---- less rigid ---- those now in use. A) too / with



B) neither / nor



C) as / as



D) so / to



C) will find



E) finds



25. A) one of



B) almost D) either



C) any of



E) even



E) much / than



26. A) particular



B) significant



C) narrow-minded



D) persuasive



E) self-conscious



22. I’ve promised to help my mother on Tuesday; can’t we visit Jane ---- day? A) each



B) any D) another



27.



C) other



A) to



E) some



B) by D) from



C) of E) against



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



48



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33. – 42. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.



28. – 32. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



33. If you move slowly and quietly, ----. The authors of Goodbye are two sisters and they are Korean Americans. The book tells the story of a young Korean girl who (28) ---- to say “goodbye” to the neighbourhood (29) ---- she has grown up. The family has decided to move to the US in search of (30) ---- life. But the girl feels (31) ---- to leave and has almost no desire to start a new life. It’s a perfect cross-cultural story for an (32) ---- globalized world.



A) some birds actually liked being admired B) it’s usually quite easy to observe wildlife C) it was very hard to get close to them D) other animals carried on as if nothing had happened E) it is not only the small ones that are easily frightened



28. A) would struggle



B) was struggling



C) had struggled



D) struggled



E) is struggling



29. A) that



B) in which D) from which



C) how



E) there



30. A) best



B) as good a D) a better



C) better 34. ---- not to change the time of the match at such short notice.



E) a best



A) Many of the problems were about B) Don’t tell the others 31.



C) He shouldn’t have worried A) peaceful



B) eager



D) liable



C) reluctant



D) I warned him



E) decisive



E) I was surprised by him



32. A) increasingly



B) indifferently



D) improbably



C) enduringly



E) unlikely



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



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37. ----, which suggests there may be life there.



35. ---- so he agreed to write the foreword for it. A) I shall do my best to persuade him



A) Researchers have almost given up hope



B) This won’t be one of my best books



B) There is no need to look any farther



C) He still hasn’t read the book



C) New discoveries are actually very rare



D) I wish you’d recommended the book to him



D) Water has been found on Mars



E) He thought the idea behind the book was brilliant



E) The scheme was still being developed



38. Mary phoned to give me the good news ----.



36. ---- that their primary function is to expose corruption.



A) however unlikely it would have been



A) Many of the people present questioned



B) which none of us are expecting



B) Quite a lot of journalists believe



C) just as I was leaving the house



C) Worrying won’t help D) The votes are still being counted



D) even if her sisters are going to be unreasonably jealous



E) I would certainly not be right



E) until the whole family knew every detail



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



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41. James Hutton, the “father of geology”, was an 18th century farmer, ----.



39. In the new musical, the songs are pleasant enough, ----. A) but it is the comic scenes which really capture the audience



A) since there were many who opposed him B) that many of his theories were published



B) unless the production is planned in advance far more efficiently



C) as the process of erosion seemed inevitable



C) as far as the setting was concerned



D) who was full of curiosity about the world



D) while the director focused on the story itself



E) until the criticism began to be unpleasant



E) although the audience was carried away by the quality of performance



42. The boat continued down the river ---- and she saw it no more.



40. It is more important to look at character than at beliefs or knowledge ----.



A) that there were trees on either side



A) whichever was felt to be the more important



B) until it passed round one of the many turnings



B) if they were the right people for the jobs



C) whether the sun shines or not



C) as if they could have given any help



D) as if only the birds are watching it



D) that they had to return both of them



E) while all the time leaves are falling



E) when people are being chosen for high office



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



51



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45. Even if we had, she wouldn’t have come.



43. – 46. sorularda, verilen cümlenin hangi sorunun cevabı olduğunu bulunuz.



A) Why don’t you get her to come with us to the exhibition?



43. I’ve no idea. Perhaps she never even received it.



B) Do you think they would have helped us if we’d asked them to?



A) Why hasn’t she answered my e-mail?



C) Didn’t she enjoy going with us to the internet café last week?



B) Why does she always complain so much? C) What does she do with her old books?



D) Should we have asked Jane to come with us to the concert?



D) Do you think she’ll give a party to celebrate winning the race?



E) Why doesn’t she ever go to a concert with us?



E) Has everyone received an invitation?



46. I don’t really know; but a lot more than half of them.



44. No I don’t; it doesn’t belong to anyone in my family.



A) Do the students there enjoy the courses?



A) Who can I borrow a bicycle from?



B) Were there many people at the match?



B) This scarf isn’t mine; is it yours by any chance?



C) How often do they have concerts there?



C) Don’t you need to phone your sister about her appointment with the dentist?



D) Did everyone seem to enjoy the concert?



D) Do you know why he was late? Did the car break down?



E) How many votes did he get?



E) There’s a car parked right in front of mine; do you know who owns it?



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



52



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49. No matter how much our level of technology develops, the human race will always be at the mercy of the forces of nature.



47. – 50. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz.



A) İnsan ırkı, sürekli doğa güçlerinin insafına kaldığı için teknoloji düzeyini sürekli geliştirmeye çalışmaktadır.



47. The great Wall of China, which was designed specifically as a defence against nomadic tribes, was built mainly of earth and stone. A) Göçebe kabilelere karşı bir önlem olarak tasarlanan Çin Seddi, büyük bir bölümü toprak ve taştan inşa edilmiş bir savunma hattıdır.



B) Teknoloji düzeyimiz büyük ölçüde gelişse de, insan ırkı çoğu zaman doğa güçlerinin insafına kalacaktır.



B) Göçebe kabilelere karşı özellikle bir savunma olarak tasarlanmış olan Çin Seddi, esas olarak toprak ve taştan inşa edilmiştir.



C) Teknoloji düzeyimiz ne kadar gelişirse gelişsin, insan ırkı daima doğa güçlerinin insafına kalacaktır.



C) Tamamen toprak ve taştan inşa edilmiş olan Çin Seddi, göçebe kabilelere karşı bir savunma hattı olarak kullanılmıştır.



D) İnsan ırkı daima doğa güçlerinin insafına kalacağından, teknoloji düzeyimizin sürekli gelişmekte olması bir anlam taşımaz.



D) Öncelikle göçebe kabilelere karşı bir savunma hattı olarak tasarlanmış olan Çin Seddi’ni inşa edenler, çoğunlukla toprak ve taş kullanmışlardır.



E) Teknoloji düzeyimiz ne kadar gelişirse gelişsin, doğa güçleri insan ırkına hiçbir zaman insaf etmeyecektir.



E) Çin Seddi, öncelikle göçebe kabilelere karşı bir savunma olarak düşünülmüş ve çoğunlukla toprak ve taştan yapılmıştır.



48. Most of the old calendars were lunar calendars, based on the time interval from one new moon to the next.



50. When gold was discovered in California in 1848, the population of San Francisco, one of the major cities in the area, jumped to 10,000.



A) Eski takvimlerin bazılarının, bir yeni aydan bir sonrakine kadar olan zaman aralığına dayanan ay takvimleri olduğu bilinmektedir.



A) 1848’de Kaliforniya’da altın keşfedilince, bölgedeki önemli şehirlerden biri olan San Francisco’nun nüfusu 10.000’e fırladı.



B) Bir yeni ay ile bir sonraki arasındaki zaman aralığına göre düzenlenmiş ay takvimlerinin pek çoğu, oldukça eski takvimlerdir.



B) 1848’de Kaliforniya’da altının keşfedilmesi üzerine, bölgenin en önemli şehri olan San Francisco’nun nüfusu birden 10.000’e çıkmıştır.



C) Bir yeni ay ile bir sonraki arasında geçen zamana göre düzenlenmiş ay takvimleri, en eski takvimler arasında yer almaktadır. D) Eski takvimlerin pek çoğu, bir yeni aydan bir sonrakine kadarki zaman aralığına dayalı ay takvimleriydi. E) Ay takvimlerinin pek çoğu oldukça eski takvimlerdir ve bunlar, bir yeni aydan bir sonrakine kadar olan zaman aralığına göre düzenlenmiştir.



C) 1848’de bölgedeki önemli şehirlerden biri olan San Francisco’nun nüfusunun 10.000’e fırlamasının nedeni Kaliforniya’da altının keşfedilmesidir. D) Kaliforniya’da altının keşfedilmesi sonucu, bölgedeki önemli şehirlerden biri olan San Francisco’nun nüfusu 1848’de yaklaşık 10.000’e yükselmiştir. E) 1848’de Kaliforniya yakınlarında altının keşfedilmesi ile bölgenin en önemli şehri olan San Francisco’nun nüfusu birden 10.000’e fırlamıştır.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



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53. Yaşamın yer üstünde değil, deniz tabanında başladığını ileri süren yeni bir kuram ortaya atılmıştır.



51. – 54. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz.



A) According to a recent theory, life started at the bottom of the sea, not above ground.



51. Glenn H. Curtiss, uçağın icadını izleyen yıllarda, en başarılı Amerikan uçak yapımcılarından biri oldu.



B) A new theory has been put forward, suggesting that life started not above ground but at the bottom of the sea.



A) The aircraft Glenn H. Curtiss built, soon after the aeroplane had been invented, were among the best ones of the early years in America.



C) If the new theory is correct, life started at the bottom of the sea, not on dry land.



B) Once the aeroplane had been invented, the American who designed the best aircraft was Glenn H. Curtiss.



D) The theory that life started at the bottom of the sea, not on land, has only recently been put forward.



C) Glenn H. Curtiss was soon producing the best aircraft designs for America though he did not invent the aeroplane.



E) The theory that life began, not on land, but at the bottom of the sea, has only recently been questioned.



D) Glenn H. Curtiss became one of the most successful American aircraft builders in the years following the invention of the aeroplane. E) American-born Glenn H. Curtiss was to become the best designer of aeroplanes in the years immediately following their invention.



54. Bilim adamları insan vücudunun nasıl çalıştığına ilişkin daha fazla bilgi edinmek için çeşitli deniz yaratıklarından yararlanmaktadır.



52. Güney Amerika’nın neredeyse yarısını kaplayan Brezilya, dilini ve kültürünü Portekiz’den alan tek Latin Amerika ülkesidir.



A) According to some scientists, the study of sea creatures can lead to a better understanding of the human body.



A) Portugal and Brazil share the same language and culture, though Brazil is Latin American and half the size of South America. B) The only Latin American country to derive its language and culture from Portugal, is Brazil, the largest country in South America.



B) Several scientists are now making use of sea creatures to help them understand how the human body works. C) Scientists are making use of various sea creatures to learn more about how the human body works.



C) Brazil, like the other Latin American countries of South America, takes its language and culture from Portugal.



D) Scientists have now begun to study various sea creatures and are learning more about how the human body works.



D) Brazil, which covers nearly half of South America, and is a Latin American country, has the same language and culture as Portugal.



E) Through the study of various sea creatures scientists hope to get a better understanding of how the human body works.



E) Brazil, which covers nearly half of South America, is the only Latin American country that derives its language and culture from Portugal.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



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56. As we understand from the passage, the success of Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay ----.



55. – 57. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Edmund Hillary and the porter, Tenzing Norgay, got the glory for conquering Everest, but it was John Hunt who made their success possible. John Hunt was an excellent manager and paid great attention to detail. For instance, he specified that each box of rations contained 29 tins of sardines. His strategy, which was soon to become standard in mountaineering, called for an army of climbers, especially porters who would methodically move up the mountain, carrying supplies to ever higher camps. Hunt gave the human element systematic attention as well. Everest demands an “unusual degree of selflessness and patience”, he later wrote. “Failure, whether moral or physical, by even one or two people would add immensely to its difficulties.” The desire to reach the top, he added, “must be both individual and collective.” That last point was important: the goal of this huge effort was to deliver just two climbers to the summit.



A) aroused a great deal of envy among the other team members B) gave rise to a lot of talk about how selfish they both were and how undeserving of the fame they achieved C) added to the fame that Hunt already enjoyed D) depended, to a very large extent, on the preparations planned and carried out by John Hunt E) turned mountaineering into a fashionable sport worldwide



57. As it is pointed out in the passage, in the opinion of John Hunt, ----.



55. It is clear from the passage that John Hunt ----. A) regarded the conquest of Everest as a team success



A) the use of porters would contribute very little to the success of the expedition



B) was a good mountaineer, but not a good organizer



B) the food for the climbers was only of minor importance



C) wanted to get to the top of Everest himself



C) climbing Everest requires not only physical strength but also certain moral qualities



D) was involved in several disputes with various team members



D) Hillary and Tenzing did not deserve the fame they had



E) was largely concerned with the training of the porters



E) in mountaineering, the height of a mountain is of little importance



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



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59. It is pointed out in the passage that medieval Chinese sailors ----.



58. – 60. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) came to America by mere chance Certain records have come to light recently, which suggest that it was the Chinese who discovered America. And they found it nearly three quarters of a century before Columbus did. It’s a sad fact of life, and of our rather poor historical education, that Europeans tend to have a Eurocentric view of history. Unfortunately, it’s not usually realized that China had an empire and a civilization that put medieval Europe to shame. Culturally, politically and even scientifically, China’s home-grown experiments and experiences could not be matched for a long time. In the meantime, the Chinese were enthusiastic travellers and explorers. Indeed, Chinese navigators were also far more advanced than any in the West.



58. It is clear from the passage that, in the Middle Ages, ----.



B) knew much less than Columbus about other lands C) were only interested in trading activities D) greatly admired the European explorers including Columbus E) were far more experienced and skilful than the European ones



60. We understand from the passage that the writer ----.



A) China was far ahead of Europe in several respects



A) seems fully convinced that America was first discovered by the Europeans



B) the European civilization was the best in the world



B) criticizes the Europeans for their narrow understanding of history



C) the Chinese empire was rapidly getting smaller



C) is not really interested in Chinese culture and achievements



D) scientific experiments were banned in both Europe and China



D) has no documentary evidence of any kind to support his ideas



E) history was a major part of European education



E) is very biased in favour of Europe



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



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62. It is clear that the writer of the passage ----.



61. – 63. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) knows a lot more about primitive story-telling than about modern fiction



The primitive story-teller, free from all considerations of form, simply told a tale. “Once upon a time”, he began, and proceeded to narrate the story to his listeners, describing the characters when necessary, telling what they thought and felt as well as what they did, and adding comments and ideas of his own. The modern fiction writer is artistically more selfconscious. He realizes that there are many ways of telling a story; he decides upon a method before he begins, and may even set up rules for himself. Instead of telling the story himself, he may let one of his characters tell it for him; he may tell it by means of letters or diaries; he may confine himself to recording the thoughts of just one of his characters.



61. We understand from the passage that the modern fiction writer ----. A) differs from the primitive storyteller because of his methods of narration



B) finds the primitive story-teller very uninteresting C) would very much like to be a novelist himself D) is interested in the various writing techniques of modern authors E) feels strongly that modern writers have suddenly become too interested in the techniques of writing



63. One important point made in the passage is that a modern writer, before he starts to write, ----. A) rarely thinks about the background of his story



B) admires the narrative techniques of primitive story-tellers



B) chooses the main characters for his story



C) uses even fewer narrative techniques than the primitive story-tellers did



C) often decides exactly how he is going to tell his story



D) never makes use of either letters or diaries in his novels



D) must make himself familiar with the period he is writing about



E) is often criticized for writing in a self-conscious manner



E) must decide which character can best tell the story



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



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65. It is pointed out in the passage that the subject matter of any type of nonfiction ----.



64. – 66. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) is never imaginary Do you enjoy reading newspaper articles on sporting events? Do you take pleasure in reviews of performances you have seen? Do you particularly like stories of the lives of real people, both from the past and the present? Many people do. Newspaper articles, reviews, autobiographies, biographies – all are types of nonfiction. Nonfiction deals with actual people, places, events and topics based on real life. Autobiographies and biographies deal with the lives of real people while essays provide a writer with room to express his or her thoughts and feelings on a particular subject. Nonfiction may inform, describe, persuade, or it may simply amuse.



B) is often unpleasant C) has very little variety D) is always emotional E) rarely has any wide appeal



66. It is clear from the passage that one of the functions of nonfiction may be to ----.



64. According to the passage, nonfiction ----. A) has gained in popularity in recent times



A) encourage people to write their autobiographies



B) is not appreciated by a majority of people



B) promote sporting activities



C) is only concerned with everyday events



C) enable the reader to understand newspaper articles better



D) is the easiest form of writing E) covers quite a wide range of writing



D) make the reader change his/her mind about something E) contribute to the improvement of essay-writing



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



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68. As we understand from the passage, a play ----.



67. – 69. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) is most effective when the emphasis is on character



A play is written to be performed. Therefore, when you read a play, you must try to imagine how it would appear and sound to an audience. By using your imagination, you can build a theatre in your mind. Because a play is written to be performed, it uses certain conventions you do not encounter in short stories. It contains stage directions that tell the actors how to speak and how to move upon the stage. Most of the story is presented through dialogue, the words the characters speak. In addition it is divided into short units of action called “scenes” and larger ones called “acts”.



B) differs very little from a short story C) needs to be seen on the stage before it can be enjoyed D) is very often spoilt by too many stage directions E) has certain features that are only found in plays



69. This passage is mainly concerned with ----. 67. In the passage it is suggested that, when we read a play, ----.



A) the elements that are to be found in a play B) how a play should be performed



A) the division into acts can be ignored B) it is best to ignore the stage directions



C) the relationship between the audience and the actors



C) we should try to imagine it being performed



D) how a play should be constructed



D) we should try to focus on the story



E) how a play should be staged



E) we need to know a lot about the conventions of play-writing



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



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71. As we understand from the passage, the boy ----.



70. – 72. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) was the only child on the island who could recognize every boat in the fishing fleet



The wind that day was light and fresh and came from the west, and with it at noon a little boat came quickly, over the bright waves, into Sattins Harbour. While it was still quite a distance away, a sharp-eyed boy spotted it and, since he knew, just as every child on the island knew, every sail of the forty boats of the island fishing fleet, he ran down the street calling out, “A foreign boat, a foreign boat!” The lonely island was rarely visited by a foreign boat, so, by the time the boat had arrived half the village was there to greet it. Fishermen were following it homewards, and those who happened to be inland, were climbing up and down the rocky hills, and hurrying towards the harbour.



B) wanted to be the first to see the boat at close quarters C) was particularly interested in foreign boats D) knew that the boat that was coming in was foreign, because he didn’t recognize the sail E) didn’t see the foreign boat until after it had entered the harbour



72. It is clear from the passage that the arrival of the foreign boat ----.



70. Clearly, the island described in the passage ----.



A) upset the islanders as they didn’t expect it so early



A) is extremely fertile and can support a large population B) is an isolated one, inhabited largely by fishermen and their families



B) caused a great deal of uneasiness, especially among the fishermen C) aroused a great deal of excitement among the islanders



C) is frequently visited by foreign boats D) has a community that is hostile to foreigners



D) surprised people since these were dangerous waters for sailors



E) is better suited to farming than to fishing



E) aroused the curiosity of the children but was ignored by everyone else



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



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74. Much of the passage is devoted to ----.



73. – 75. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) a description of the two small girls B) the quarrel between the aunt and the children



It was a hot afternoon, and the railway carriage was equally hot, and the next stop was at Templecombe, nearly an hour ahead. The occupants of the carriage were a small girl, and a smaller girl, and a small boy. The aunt who was with the children occupied one corner seat, and the further corner seat on the opposite side was occupied by a man who was a stranger to their party, but the small girls and the small boy were the ones who really occupied the compartment. The aunt and the children talked from time to time but in a very limited way. Most of the aunt’s remarks seemed to begin with “Don’t”, and nearly all of the children’s remarks began with “Why?” The man said nothing out loud, but probably wished he were somewhere else.



C) a description of the stranger’s thoughts and feelings D) a detailed description of the carriage E) a description of the occupants of the railway carriage



75. It is clear from the passage that the man ----. 73. We understand from the passage that ----.



A) felt sorry for the children, not the aunt



A) the aunt and the children have constant disagreements



B) did not, apparently, find this train journey enjoyable



B) the children seem to have known the man for a long time



C) tried hard to make the children behave better



C) the children’s good behaviour pleased the aunt



D) answered a lot of the children’s questions



D) the aunt is taking the children back to Templecombe



E) told the aunt to keep the children quiet



E) the man was interested in the games the children were playing



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78. If there hadn’t been such a strong wind, it would not have been so difficult to put out the fire.



76. – 80. sorularda, verilen cümleye anlamca en yakın olan cümleyi bulunuz.



A) If the wind hadn’t been so strong, it would have been much easier to put out the fire.



76. Even though it had been snowing all day, a great many people managed to get to the end-of-term concert.



B) When a strong wind began to blow it was even more difficult to control the fire.



A) A lot of people did get to the end-of-term concert in spite of the snow that fell all day.



C) It was the strong wind which made it difficult for us to put out the fire.



B) Since there had been snow all day long it wasn’t easy for people to get to the end-of-term concert. C) As it had been snowing heavily all day, a great many people just could not get to the end-ofterm concert.



D) As the wind was really very strong, it took them a long time to put out the fire. E) It’s always difficult to put out a fire when there is a strong wind blowing.



D) Even though it had never stopped snowing all day, the hall where we gave the end-of-term concert was full of people. E) Very few people indeed were prevented from getting to the end-of-term concert by the heavy snow.



79. Emily was perhaps the quietest of the three Brontë sisters, but she was, nevertheless, the most passionate.



77. He probably walked off with your dictionary, thinking it was his own. A) He wouldn’t have taken the dictionary if he had known it was yours.



A) All three Brontë sisters were quiet and emotional, but this was especially true of Emily.



B) There must be some mistake! He wouldn’t take your dictionary without asking!



B) Of all the Brontë sisters, Emily was certainly the most passionate but she rarely talked to anyone.



C) The dictionaries are all alike; he took yours thinking it was his.



C) The quietest of the three Brontë sisters was certainly Emily, though she wasn’t the one with deepest emotions.



D) He must have mistaken your dictionary for his, and that’s not surprising.



D) The least talkative of the three Brontë sisters may have been Emily, but even so she was the one with the strongest emotions.



E) It seems he went off with your dictionary, mistaking it for his own.



E) Emily Brontë wasn’t as talkative as either of her sisters, and was also less passionate.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



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2005 YDS BASIN KOPYASI



80. When the Spaniards first brought chocolate to Europe only the very wealthy could afford to buy it. A) Though chocolate was expensive, the Spaniards soon brought it to Europe and the wealthy everywhere were keen to buy it. B) As chocolate was too expensive for all but the very rich it didn’t become popular when the Spaniards first brought it to Europe.



82. The Titanic exhibition presents the story of the Titanic, starting with the early design, and then going on to its construction and launch and finally to how it sank. ----. These feature furnishings made by the original manufacturers. There is also a passenger gallery that recreates life onboard. A) The names of the 2,228 passengers are to be found in the memorial gallery B) There are reconstructions of first and third class cabins



C) Chocolate, when it was introduced to Europe by the Spaniards, was so expensive that none but the very rich could buy it.



C) However some of the items that were recovered from the bottom of the sea are still on display



D) The Spaniards brought chocolate to Europe where there were more wealthy people to buy it.



D) Among the other items recovered are clothes and jewellery



E) The Spaniards brought chocolate to Europe but for a long time there were very few people who could afford to buy it.



E) A large piece of the ship is also on show



81. – 85. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz. 81. There are more than 20,000 documented ship wrecks off the coast of Britain. ----. And they offer the scuba diver a fantastic world that is just asking to be explored. A) They range from majestic passenger ships to historical war vessels



83. As a singer, Johnny Cash took on a very great variety of roles. ----. He could be a respectable family man or a condemned criminal. He felt sympathy for them all and made them all credible. A) Sometimes he was a cowboy, sometimes he was a white outcast who rode with Indians



B) There are several underwater skills to be learned before one can become a scuba diver C) Others among them sank after being torpedoed



B) Sometimes he has been likened to John Wayne, but the resemblance is superficial only



D) Another battleship lies on its side on the seabed



C) It is generally agreed that his anti-war songs are not among his best numbers



E) Moreover, wrecks can contain dangerous materials



D) On the whole, deep voices like his are not valued as much as they deserve to be E) Sadly, people seem to forget that he was also a great folk singer



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



63



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2005 YDS BASIN KOPYASI



84. Humans have the largest brains in relation to body weight. ----. The brain of a blue whale is even larger, it is five times the size of a human brain.



86. – 90. sorularda, verilen durumda söylenmiş olabilecek sözü bulunuz.



A) The left part of the brain is for logical thought B) The brain uses about a fifth of our oxygen supply C) In fact, the brain is nearly 80 per cent water D) When a child is born, the brain weighs only 400 grams



86. Some of your friends are planning to go to the cinema. They are planning to meet outside the cinema at around 5 o’clock and go in together. You would like to join them but there is a possibility that you won’t be able to go and you don’t want the others to wait for you if this is the case. So, you say: A) I really don’t think I’ll be able to come; but I’ll try.



E) As regards actual size, however, the brain of an elephant is four times larger



B) I probably can’t get there until well after 5 o’clock. But do wait for me. C) If I’m not there by 5 o’clock it will mean I’m not coming, so you go on in. D) We really don’t need to meet at 5 o’clock. The film doesn’t start till half-past. E) We will meet promptly at 5 o’clock and not wait for late-comers.



87. The father of a friend of yours is seriously ill in hospital and, because of this, your friend is very upset. You wish to give him some support, and not leave him to keep on going to the hospital alone. So, you say:



85. Politicians have traditionally sought out actors and musicians as a way of attracting the youth vote. ----. But they know very well that they must do so. A) Celebrities do at least generate enthusiasm



A) Some time, when you visit your father I’d like to come with you.



B) Celebrities naturally attract attention, and this is what every election campaign needs



B) How long is he likely to be in hospital?



C) Public interest in celebrities has increased, but its interest in politics has decreased



C) Are you satisfied with the treatment he’s getting?



D) Indeed, politicians seem to know of no other way of attracting the attention of the youth



D) Let me know the visiting hours and I’ll try to go. E) Isn’t there any improvement to be seen yet?



E) The cost of an election campaign cannot be disregarded



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



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88. In a shop, you’ve found a pair of jeans you really like. But they cost more than you can afford. You decide to try your luck and ask the shopkeeper quite plainly to bring the price down. So, you say:



90. You feel sorry for a neighbour’s daughter, Jane, because her mother is frequently away on business. You want your daughter to invite her to your house from time to time, and so you say:



A) They’re nice, and actually they are not really too expensive.



A) I wish you’d go and see how Jane is; I haven’t seen her all week.



B) Can’t you sell them to me for less?



B) There must be something we can do to help Jane.



C) I’ll take them but they are certainly not worth the price you’re asking.



C) I saw Jane today and asked her to come round for tea. I’m going to make a cake.



D) There can’t be many people prepared to pay so much!



D) If we ask Jane to stay with us for a week, that might help.



E) Do you always charge so much?



E) Why don’t you ask Jane to come round here from time to time? She’s alone too much.



91. – 95. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz.



89. Your British pen-friend has written inviting you to spend a few weeks with her family in England. Obviously, you want to go but first you must persuade your parents to let you go. You feel that they are somewhat uneasy about you going there alone. So, you say: A) Shall we ask her to come here instead?



91. Norman : - They are asking here for volunteers to help with a research project in the Philippines. Dan : - Yes; I read that. Sounds interesting. Norman : - ---Dan : - No; but they may help with the airfare out there. Let’s ask for more details!



B) You’re quite right. It is a long journey. C) Don’t worry! I’ll be safe and well-looked after.



A) I’ve never done anything like that but would love to!



D) I won’t be on my own, you know; there will be others going.



B) It certainly does! Let’s go!



E) I knew you’d agree in the end!



C) It would be a grand way to spend the summer holiday. D) I presume no one will get paid! E) If we could go together, we’d have a grand time.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



65



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2005 YDS BASIN KOPYASI



94. David : - Now, this is good news!



92. Alice : - It has to be very cold before a sea can freeze. James : - ----



Peter : - Tell me about it.



Alice : - I know. During World War II, for instance, the Baltic Sea froze to such a depth that the Russians were able to drive their tanks over it.



David : - ---Peter : - Well, I find it hard to believe but it’s certainly worth a try.



James : - Then it must have been terribly cold.



A) I thought you’d read the article yourself!



A) Icebergs, like glaciers, are salt-free.



B) It says here that chocolate is the best way of preventing coughs.



B) Perhaps only inland seas can freeze.



C) They’ve found a new way of preventing coughing.



C) Moving water doesn’t freeze easily. D) But there can be icebergs in the sea.



D) Actually, it probably isn’t true at all; forget about it.



E) But it does happen sometimes.



E) There are no cheaper ways to manufacture chocolate.



93. Penny : - Is that a travel book you’re reading?



95. Amy : - Whose books are these?



Jo : - Yes, it is. Why do you ask?



Terry : - ----



Penny : - ----



Amy : - Could they be Jane’s?



Jo : - Some aren’t, of course. But many of them are. This one, for instance, which is about Sri Lanka, is absolutely fascinating.



Terry : - They could be. In fact, they probably are hers. A) They’re yours, surely; aren’t they?



A) Well, I’ve never read one. I never thought they’d be interesting.



B) I thought they were yours!



B) I’d like to borrow it when you’ve finished with it.



C) I don’t know. They’re certainly not mine.



C) I’m thinking of writing one myself.



D) They must be Jane’s.



D) I’d like to do the travelling myself!



E) Well, they aren’t mine and they aren’t Jane’s.



E) They might be interesting if they are about places you’ve never been to.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



66



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2005 YDS BASIN KOPYASI



99. (I) The Industrial Revolution means the sudden acceleration of technical and economic development that began in Britain. (II) Birmingham is an industrial city and the administrative headquarters of central England. (III) It is a major manufacturing, engineering, commercial and service centre. (IV) The city’s concert halls, theatres and three universities also make it an important cultural and educational centre. (V) Its main products are cars, machine tools and electrical equipment.



96. – 100. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. 96. (I) Yeats was not simply a writer. (II) He was involved in many different kinds of activity. (III) In particular he worked to help Ireland get its independence. (IV) Indeed, Maud Gonne, a very beautiful woman, was to influence him greatly. (V) And all the various things he did and all his experience are brought together and unified in his art. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



B) II



C) III



D) IV



B) II



C) III



D) IV



C) III



D) IV



E) V



100. (I) Try to imagine what would happen to the bones of astronauts going to Mars. (II) They would probably come back hardly able to walk at all. (III) This is because, on Earth, bones are renewed by walking. (IV) But on Mars this does not happen. (V) This new device simulates the low-intensity interactions between bone and muscle. A) I



E) V



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



TEST BİTTİ.



98. (I) It is well worth visiting this bird sanctuary to see the swans feed. (II) When we went there the weather was gorgeous. (III) Visit at 8.30 am and be there as the swans come out for breakfast. (IV) Or arrive around 6.30 pm as they gather for their dinner. (V) Either way you’ll enjoy watching the way they fight over their food. A) I



B) II



E) V



97. (I) The horse’s eye is a remarkable organ. (II) It is at least twice as large as the human eye. (III) It also has a special property which enables it to see much better than its rider. (IV) This is true, both when the light is poor and when there is full daylight. (V) As many horse owners have observed, some horses are much more excitable than others. A) I



A) I



CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.



E) V



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



67



26 HAZİRAN 2005 YABANCI DİL SINAVI (YDS) BASIN KOPYASI CEVAP ANAHTARI İNGİLİZCE



1. C



26. B



51. D



76. A



2. D



27. C



52. E



77. E



3. E



28. E



53. B



78. A



4. A



29. B



54. C



79. D



5. B



30. D



55. A



80. C



6. E



31. C



56. D



81. A



7. D



32. A



57. C



82. B



8. A



33. B



58. A



83. A



9. C



34. D



59. E



84. E



10. D



35. E



60. B



85. D



11. B



36. B



61. A



86. C



12. E



37. D



62. D



87. A



13. D



38. C



63. C



88. B



14. B



39. A



64. E



89. C



15. D



40. E



65. A



90. E



16. C



41. D



66. D



91. D



17. D



42. B



67. C



92. E



18. E



43. A



68. E



93. A



19. A



44. E



69. A



94. B



20. D



45. D



70. B



95. C



21. E



46. E



71. D



96. D



22. D



47. B



72. C



97. E



23. B



48. D



73. A



98. B



24. C



49. C



74. E



99. A



25. A



50. A



75. B



100. E



A İNGİLİZCE 5. Solar heating never ---- in the US because of the cost and limited winter sunlight in most areas.



1. – 15. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



A) caught on



D) waited on



1. The laws concerning the breeding of animals for research could turn out to be to the ---- of medical research. A) admission



B) detriment



D) preference



B) played up



C) turned over



E) looked back



C) exclusion



E) cohesion



6. Having read so many contemporary American writers, I ---- to feel impatient with the kind of fiction that ---- in England.



2. At present, interest rates are comparatively ----; let’s hope they remain that way. A) frequent



B) uneasy



C) consecutive



D) comprehensive



A) was beginning / will have been written B) had begun / has been written C) have begun / would have been written



E) steady



D) would begin / is being written E) began / was being written



3. In some parts of Western Europe, ---- in France, Denmark and Sweden, cohabitation has become almost as common as marriage. A) completely



B) deceptively



D) voluntarily



C) notably



E) relatively 7. Cross-border shopping is a fundamental right under EU law and ---- as a form of tax evasion. A) must not have been regarded B) had not been regarded C) should not be regarded



4. What are some of the things that differentially affect siblings and help ---- their success or failure? A) pursue



B) recognize D) determine



D) would not have been regarded E) was not being regarded



C) recreate



E) reinstate



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



1



A İNGİLİZCE 12. ---- little respect the British people may feel for the monarchy, they are still not likely to change to a republic.



8. He certainly ---- party members last weekend when he announced that he ---- to regain his party chairmanship.



A) As far as



A) has shocked / had not sought



B) Whatever



D) However



B) would have shocked / will not seek



C) Such a



E) Just as



C) had shocked / would not have sought D) was to shock / is not seeking E) shocked / would not seek



13. All of the world’s major national parks are included on the map, ---- are most of the important reserves of lesser status.



9. The 1980s ---- a surge of new interest ---- the definition of intelligence. A) have brought / to be expanding



A) as



B) had brought / having expanded



B) as well D) which



C) were bringing / to have expanded



C) such



E) that



D) brought / in expanding E) would have brought / to expand



14. His latest novel is about people who take their work seriously, ---- that’s being a mother, a nurse or a soldier.



10. For decades presidents have been coming ---plans to deal with the fact that one day the world will run ---- its key source of energy: oil. A) up with / out of



B) out of / up against



C) down to / away from



D) up for / through



A) even so



B) as if



D) besides



C) unless E) whether



E) over to / into



15. Héviz is Europe’s largest warm-water lake and visitors can swim there even in winter, ---- helps extend the tourist season.



11. Philosophers have debated the relation ---thought and emotions ---- at least two millennia. A) from / over



B) over / in



C) between / for



D) in / by



A) thus



B) which D) too



C) nor E) so



E) through / to



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



2



A İNGİLİZCE 16. – 20. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



21. – 25. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



The term “emotional intelligence” was probably first used in an unpublished dissertation in 1986. In 1990 it (16) ---- into the field of scientific psychology, defined as “the ability to monitor (17) ---- and others’ feelings, to (18) ---- among them and to use this information to guide one’s thinking and action.” The concept developed (19) ---- a growing emphasis on research into the (20) ---- of emotion and thought.



Should a vote in Los Angeles count more than a vote in Montana? That’s one question raised (21) ---- an analysis of Census Bureau data conducted by researchers at the Centre for Immigration Studies (22) ---- found that nine congressional seats (23) ---to different states in 2000, if noncitizens, (24) ---illegal aliens, had been excluded from the counts Congress uses to (25) ---- seats.



16.



21. A) was being introduced



B) had been introduced



C) would be introduced



D) has been introduced



A) by



B) to



C) at



D) onto



E) off



E) was introduced 22. A) whose 17.



B) which D) thus



A) one’s own



B) one another’s



D) the self



C) what E) whether



C) oneself



E) each other’s 23. A) would be allotted



18.



B) have been allotted A) identify



B) distribute D) discredit



C) justify



C) will have been allotted



E) discriminate



D) would have been allotted E) were being allotted



19. A) off



B) against D) out of



24.



C) without



A) regardless of



E) under



B) concerning



D) excelling



C) pertaining to



E) including



20. A) alternation



B) participation



D) obstruction



25.



C) interaction



A) select



E) complication



B) exchange D) circulate



C) allocate



E) classify



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



3



A İNGİLİZCE 29. The Bermuda Triangle, ----, is noted for a high incidence of unexplained losses of ships, small boats and aircraft.



26. – 35. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.



A) that an entire squadron of planes vanished shortly after takeoff



26. There is a general agreement among car manufacturing companies that, ----, hydrogen is likely to be the fuel of choice. A) if sulphur emissions had been checked



B) as local environmental conditions could be the cause



B) when oil runs out



C) since the sea here is particularly fast moving



C) as it could have been stored as a gas



D) when there is an almost unique magnetic effect on compasses



D) as if no mechanical energy was required



E) which is off the southeastern Atlantic coast of the US



E) unless there were giant fuel cells



27. He has focused on moving the complexity of computing from the desktop to the network, ----.



30. The stereotype of woman as the more “emotional” sex is the one ----.



A) where it can be managed more easily



A) that still persists today



B) if computers could communicate more easily with one another



B) as emotions are so unpredictable



C) that his improvements actually caught the eye of the Pentagon



C) but it had been encouraged by the Stoics D) until overruled by 20th century psychology



D) though it became the most widely used operating system of its day



E) which a more sophisticated mode of thinking will have denied



E) which would have been the greatest challenge of his career



28. Salmon farms are prohibited in Alaska ----.



31. ---- who will become schizophrenic.



A) unless salmon actually does protect against cancer



A) There seems to be a genetic predisposition B) A cure is nowhere in sight



B) because fishermen blame the farms for undercutting their price



C) Neither doctors nor scientists can accurately predict



C) since farmed salmon used to be fattier than wild salmon



D) They confuse the real and the imaginary



D) but they say salmon farms are bad for the environment



E) Treatment of the disorder is improving



E) once the industry begins to attack some of the problems Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



4



A İNGİLİZCE 34. ---- that engineers do not restrict themselves to technical matters.



32. In general, when credit demand is low, ----. A) it is not sensible to take out loans during deflation



A) The engineering curriculum has long required B) Many potential leaders were of the opinion



B) following the wrong guideline could have been catastrophic



C) The courses involved substantial reading and writing assignments



C) interest rates measure the cost of credit, not the price of money



D) The aim was to attract a wider audience



D) interest rates are correspondingly low



E) He acquired a sophisticated knowledge of scientific and technical matters



E) precautionary savings were rising at this time



35. ---- even though she’s still not prepared to forgive herself.



33. ---- since it has been described as among the most terrifying works of history ever penned.



A) The wrong person got blamed B) After all, she committed an error, not a crime



A) The story focuses on Hitler’s end in his underground banker



C) Others were also involved in the affair



B) I want to get hold of this new account of World War II



D) A lot of people have forgiven her E) She was wrongly accused



C) The story is well told by one of Germany’s renowned historians D) I’ve read all I want to read about World War II E) In particular the bombing of Dresden is objectively presented



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



5



A İNGİLİZCE 38. The Pentagon has estimated that about 25 per cent of the military facilities in the country are unnecessary.



36. – 40. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz.



A) Pentagon’a göre, ülke içinde bulunan askeri tesislerin yüzde 25’i gereksizdir.



36. Last fall, Tony Blair announced that he would serve a full five-year term if the Labour Party won.



B) Pentagon, ülke içindeki askeri tesislerin hemen hemen yüzde 25’ine gereksinim duymadığını belirtmiştir.



A) Geçen sonbaharda, Tony Blair, İşçi Partisi kazandığı takdirde, beş yıl tam dönem hizmet edeceğini ilan etti.



C) Pentagon’un hesaplarına göre, ülkedeki askeri tesislerin yüzde 25’ine hiç gereksinim yoktur.



B) Tony Blair, eğer İşçi Partisi kazanırsa, beş yıl daha hizmet edeceğini geçen sonbaharda açıklamıştı.



D) Pentagon, ülkedeki askeri tesislerin yaklaşık yüzde 25’inin gereksiz olduğunu hesaplamıştır.



C) Geçen sonbaharda İşçi Partisi’nin kazanması üzerine, Tony Blair görevini beş yıl daha sürdüreceğini ifade etti.



E) Ülkedeki askeri tesislerin aşağı yukarı yüzde 25’ine gereksinim olmadığı konusunda Pentagon kararlıdır.



D) Tony Blair, İşçi Partisi’nin kazanmasının kendisine beş yıl tam dönem hizmet olanağı sağlayacağı yolundaki açıklamasını geçen sonbaharda yaptı. E) Geçen sonbaharda Tony Blair, eğer İşçi Partisi kazanırsa, bir beş yıl daha hizmet etmek istediğini söyledi.



39. Germany’s far-right National Democratic Party upset the other parties by winning nearly 10 per cent of the votes in the economically depressed state of Saxony last year. 37. Minority representatives in any political establishment must be made to feel that their interests are sufficiently protected.



A) Almanya’nın aşırı sağ Ulusal Demokratik Partisi, geçen yıl, ekonomik olarak geri kalmış Saksonya eyaletinde, oyların hemen hemen yüzde onunu kazanarak diğer partilerin canını sıktı.



A) Herhangi bir siyasal kuruluşta, azınlık temsilcileri, çıkarlarının tam olarak korunduğunu hissetmelidirler.



B) Geçen yıl, daha büyük ekonomik sıkıntılar içinde olan Saksonya eyaletinde, oyların yüzde onunu alan aşırı sağ Ulusal Demokratik Partisi, Almanya’daki diğer partileri telaşlandırmıştır.



B) Herhangi bir siyasal kuruluştaki azınlık temsilcilerine, çıkarlarının yeterince korunduğu hissettirilmelidir.



C) Almanya’nın aşırı sağ Ulusal Demokratik Partisi, geçen yıl, ekonomik sıkıntılar içinde olan Saksonya eyaletinde oyların aşağı yukarı yüzde onunu kazanmış ve diğer partilerin çoğunu sıkıntıya sokmuştur.



C) Herhangi bir siyasal kuruluşun azınlık temsilcileri, çıkarlarının olabildiğince korunduğunu hissedebilmelidirler. D) Azınlık temsilcileri, bir siyasal kuruluştaki çıkarlarının tamamen korunduğunu hissetmelidirler.



D) Almanya’daki diğer partilerin canını sıkan aşırı sağ Ulusal Demokratik Partisi, geçen yıl, ekonomik durgunluk içinde olan Saksonya eyaletindeki oyların yüzde onunu kazanmıştır.



E) Bir siyasal kuruluş, azınlık temsilcilerine, çıkarlarının tamamen korunduğunu hissettirmelidir.



E) Almanya’nın aşırı sağ Ulusal Demokratik Partisi, geçen yıl, ekonomik sıkıntı içindeki Saksonya eyaletindeki oyların yüzde onunu alınca, diğer partiler telaşa kapılmıştır.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



6



A İNGİLİZCE 42. Ortaçağ haritaları Hollanda’nın neredeyse yarısını su altında gösterir, ama o zamandan beri denizden geniş alanlar kazanılmıştır.



40. The European Union is engaged in a variety of programmes all around the world to promote and protect the rights of children, particularly in countries where children are affected by war.



A) In medieval maps nearly half of the Netherlands is under water, but since then the sea has withdrawn from large areas.



A) Tüm dünyada özellikle savaşan ülkelerdeki çocuklar için çocuk haklarını desteklemek ve korumak için Avrupa Birliği birçok programa izin veriyor.



B) Large areas of what is now the Netherlands have often been claimed from the sea, but in medieval maps they were under water.



B) Avrupa Birliği dünyada savaşan ülkelerin çocuklarının haklarını desteklemek ve korumak için çeşitli programları destekliyor.



C) Nearly half of the Netherlands does not exist on medieval maps but later large areas were recovered from the sea.



C) Avrupa Birliği tüm dünyada, özellikle çocukların savaştan etkilendiği ülkelerde, çocuk haklarını desteklemek ve korumak için çeşitli programlarla ilgileniyor.



D) Medieval maps show that large areas of the Netherlands used to be under the sea, but they have since been reclaimed.



D) Avrupa Birliği özellikle savaştan etkilenen ülkelerin çocuklarını desteklemek ve korumak için tüm dünyada çeşitli programlar düzenliyor.



E) Medieval maps show nearly half of the Netherlands under water, but since then large areas have been claimed from the sea.



E) Özellikle çocukların savaştan etkilendiği ülkelerdeki çocuk haklarını destekleyen ve koruyan Avrupa Birliği tüm dünyada çeşitli programlarla ilgilidir.



43. Geçen yüzyılın başlarında, önyargıyı, bazı ırklara karşı doğuştan ve içgüdüsel bir tepki olarak düşünmek yaygındı. A) At the turn of the last century, prejudice was generally regarded more as an innate or instinctive reaction to certain races.



41. – 45. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz.



B) At the turn of the last century, it was common to consider prejudice to be an innate and instinctive reaction to certain races.



41. Yaklaşık olarak M.Ö. 8. yüzyılda Homer tarafından kaleme alınan Truva Savaşı hakkındaki destanlar, birkaç yüzyıl boyunca sözlü olarak korunmuş olabilir.



C) By the turn of the last century people were prejudiced against certain races and this was regarded as an innate and instinctive reaction.



A) Homer’s epics about the Trojan War were written down, probably in the 8th century B.C., but may have been around for centuries in oral form.



D) By the turn of the last century this innate and instinctive reaction against race was commonly seen as prejudice.



B) Homer apparently wrote down the epics of the Trojan War sometime in the 8th century B.C., but they had already existed in oral form for centuries.



E) With the turn of the last century people grew more prejudiced against certain races and this was regarded as an innate and instinctive reaction.



C) The Trojan War epics had probably existed for centuries in oral form before they were finally transcribed by Homer sometime in the 8th century B.C. D) The epics about the Trojan War written down by Homer in about the 8th century B.C. may have been preserved orally for several centuries. E) Homer transcribed the Trojan War epics sometime during the 8th century B.C., but their origins go back to an earlier oral tradition.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



7



A İNGİLİZCE 44. Çocuklar daha fazla bağımsızlık kazandıkça, onların genleri kendilerine uyan çevreler yaratmak için daha aktif bir tarzda işleyebilir.



46. – 51. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz.



A) Once children start to grow more independent, their genes operate in a more positive manner to create environments that suit them better.



46. Mollusks can be found in virtually every habitat on Earth and range in size from microscopic to more than 10 m long. ----. But others, the octopus for instance, are considered to be delicacies.



B) As children get more independence their genes start to operate more forcefully to create what is for them a more congenial environment.



A) They are indeed an extremely fascinating group of creatures



C) As children gain more independence, their genes can operate in a more active manner to produce environments that suit them.



B) Not all of them, however, are encased in a shell C) All the mollusks are invertebrate animals



D) When they attain more independence, children start to desire a more congenial environment and their genes work with them to attain it.



D) Some, like the snails in our gardens, are regarded as pests



E) Once children have attained a greater degree of independence, their genes prompt them to desire a more congenial environment.



E) The octopus even has problem-solving abilities



47. Archaeologists have a duty, both to colleagues and to the general public, to explain what they are doing and why. ----. Further, their work can also be enjoyed by the wider public which, after all, has usually paid the bill for the work, however indirectly.



45. Katherine Mansfield, özellikle Rus yazar Chekhov’un kısa hikâyelerinden etkilenmiş ve onun gibi, konudan çok çevre ve karaktere dayalı hikâyeler yazmıştır. A) The Russian writer Chekhov’s short stories depend more on atmosphere and character than on plot, and this impressed Katherine Mansfield and influenced the way she wrote.



A) Up to 60 per cent of modern excavations apparently remain unpublished B) Archaeologists often prefer to dig new sites rather than devote time to laborious postexcavation analysis



B) Katherine Mansfield was a great admirer of the Russian writer Chekhov, and her short stories, like his, are centred around character and atmosphere rather than action.



C) Many projects depend upon the willing hands of amateur enthusiasts



C) Like the Russian short-story writer, Chekhov, Katherine Mansfield wrote short stories that depend for their effect more on character and atmosphere than upon action.



D) Unfortunately, some archaeologists hoard their finds and prevent colleagues from gaining access to them E) Basically, this means publishing the discoveries so that the results are available to other scholars



D) Katherine Mansfield greatly admired the style of Chekhov in his short stories and, like him, wrote short stories in which character and atmosphere, not action, come to the fore. E) Katherine Mansfield was particularly impressed by the short stories of the Russian writer Chekhov, and, like him, she wrote stories which depend more on atmosphere and character than on plot.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



8



A İNGİLİZCE 50. Most Western industrialized nations have an individualistic orientation, which values independence and self-assertiveness. ----. They stress the interdependence of people within the community.



48. Well into the 1860s the American West remained divided from the East by the harsh nature of the country’s interior. ----. Their aim was to build a railroad across the formidable mountainous lands of the Sierra Nevada. They were ridiculed on all sides, but the ambitious enterprise eventually succeeded.



A) There is no internal evidence to suggest this



A) Their high-flying goal comes with similarly steep challenges



B) Individuals in collectivist Asian cultures are even less likely to commit such errors



B) Top engineers had agreed that the Sierra Nevada could not be crossed by road or rail



C) In contrast, many non-Western cultures have a more collectivist orientation



C) Naturally, politicians were not in favour of uniting East and West



D) This is why Americans tend to use psychological traits to describe themselves



D) Then four merchants began raising money to fund a seemingly impossible project



E) Actually, situational factors also play quite an important role



E) The high peaks of the Sierra Nevada were acknowledged as being impassable



51. How common are other civilizations in the universe? This question has fascinated humanity for centuries, but so far no definitive answer has been found. ----. Chief among these is the confirmation, after a long wait and several false starts, that planets exist outside our solar system.



49. In the annals of computing, nothing has caused as much disappointment as putting ideas on paper. ----. However, with the coming of the inkjet printer it was soon possible to print really highquality images. A) For decades, printing computer files was a thankless task for users seeking to reproduce precisely what they saw on their screens



A) Most surprising of all is the speed with which life was established on this planet B) A number of recent developments have brought the question once again to the fore



B) To start with, thermal inkjets were no match for the costlier laser printers that had just been introduced C) For all its originality the idea behind the inkjet is far from new



C) So far, astronomers have found no Earth-like planets, but we can be fairly confident that they will do so



D) The first inkjet printers were slow, messy machines, but they gradually got better and better



D) In spite of all this activity, researchers have made no positive detections of extraterrestrial signals



E) Designers of printers grew more ambitious and they started to want colour, speed and low costs



E) The lack of success to date cannot be used to infer that Earth is the only planet with life



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



9



A İNGİLİZCE 54. A friend hates to say “no” when asked to do something. As a result she often agrees to help or join in, even when she knows she probably won’t be able to do so. This morning she has announced that she won’t be able to help at the afternoon’s fund-raising tea, though last week she said she would. You are very angry and say:



52. – 57. sorularda, verilen durumda söylenmiş olabilecek sözü bulunuz. 52. A colleague is going to check someone out on the Internet for you. It’s his life that you are interested in, not his works, so you say: A) He’s rather an obscure person. I’m not surprised you couldn’t find out anything about him.



A) Can’t you change your mind? It will be difficult to find someone to take your place.



B) Get me something about his life and check who has written his biography.



B) You’re always letting us down like this. Learn to say “no” from the start!



C) I believe he’s written an autobiography; can you check if that’s so? But it’s other publications that I’m really interested in.



C) Why didn’t you say so before? Can you find someone to take your place? D) Can’t you come even for a short time?



D) He’s rather a controversial figure, and that interests me.



E) We counted on you. You’re always so reliable.



E) I know so little about him; I can’t tell you what to look for.



55. You are being interviewed by a rather aggressive reporter, who seems intent on stirring up trouble. You are determined to be as non-committal as possible in your answers. So, when asked for your opinion of a highly controversial law that has recently been enforced, you say:



53. You are planning to retire at the end of the month. This means closing your office which means that the secretary will be unemployed. You’d like to know that this secretary has a good job to go to as she has given you good service. So when you run into a friend you say:



A) It’s sure to be revoked before long.



A) It’s not easy to get a good secretary these days. How did you find yours?



B) I refuse to answer your question.



B) I’ve had my secretary for 10 years now and I’ll be sorry to see her go.



C) Don’t misunderstand me; but I’m all in favour of it. You’ll see. It will work out fine.



C) She’s quite the best secretary I’ve ever had; so she won’t be out-of-work for long.



D) Circumstances being as they are it was probably necessary.



D) Some secretaries are too efficient for my liking. They make you feel they’re the boss!



E) It’s too early to say. There’s a lot to be said on both sides. Let’s just wait a while.



E) I’m job-hunting for my secretary! Do you happen to need a really reliable one?



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



10



A İNGİLİZCE 56. A friend has been having a really tough time for several weeks. Everything has been going wrong for her and she’s really very depressed. There’s nothing anyone can do to help except offer a little understanding and sympathy. You say:



58. – 63. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. 58. (I) It used to be argued that, once there were just two major companies involved in civil-aircraft manufacturing, aircraft prices would rise. (II) There are few engineering tricks left that could give one or other a technological edge. (III) That theory has been thoroughly discredited. (IV) The best indicator of new-aircraft prices – the average price per seat on flights – has been declining for several years. (V) This is due, of course, to the brutal competition between the two rivals.



A) Try to keep smiling. It’ll pass. We all have to go through these hard times. B) Stop worrying and stop complaining. C) We’re all here to help you. Just let us know what you want us to do. D) It’s time to forget all about it and make a new start.



A) I



E) Take a firm stand and don’t let things upset you like this.



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



59. (I) The most popular talk show on Arab TV is The Opposite Direction. (II) The show is hosted by Faisal al-Kasim, a forty-two-year-old with glasses. (III) The chance to take part in the region’s first experiment with free journalism was one that could not be missed. (IV) Al-Kasim moderates while two guests debate a topic of his choosing; viewers join in by telephone, fax and e-mail. (V) No other Arab television personality is as controversial, as despised or as revered as al-Kasim.



57. A colleague has just had an article accepted for publication. You are as pleased as he is about this as it has been unfairly turned down by several editors. You congratulate him very warmly and say:



A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



A) Good for you! It’s not too good a magazine, but at least it’s getting published. B) I told you to keep on trying. In the end one usually finds a publisher! C) Now get on with the next article and, mind you, don’t make the same mistakes!



60. (I) In the past century US life-expectancy climbed from forty-seven to seventy-seven. (II) Similar rises happened in almost every country. (III) And this process shows no sign of stopping. (IV) Such a pill could give us an extra twenty years of life. (V) According to the United Nations, by 2050 global life expectancy will have increased by another ten years.



D) That’s great news! Congratulations. I’m so pleased someone has finally recognized its worth. E) I suppose the subject of the article isn’t a very popular one.



A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



11



A İNGİLİZCE 61. (I) Beginning about age 5, the child develops a sense of obligation to follow rules. (II) Indeed, young children change the rules frequently and arbitrarily. (III) He treats them as absolute moral imperatives handed down by some powerful authority. (IV) For him, rules are permanent, sacred and not subject to modification. (V) Obeying them to the letter is more important than any human reason for changing them. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



64. – 69. sorularda, verilen cümleye anlamca en yakın olan cümleyi bulunuz. 64. I find the way he habitually orders people about quite objectionable. A) If he persists in giving orders in this manner, I will be forced to show my resentment. B) If he ordered me about like that, I’d certainly object on every occasion. C) I’m always on the offensive when he starts giving orders to everyone. D) He persistently orders people around which I find really offensive. E) I always get upset when he starts giving orders to the people around him.



62. (I) The eruption of Nevada del Ruiz in Columbia in 1985 illustrates how a lack of monitoring and poor evacuation can lead to loss of life. (II) The eruption itself was a small one and didn’t kill anyone. (III) Disaster came later when molten rock melted the ice cap. (IV) This caused mudflows which wiped out 230,000 people. (V) Sometimes there are early signs that an eruption is imminent. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



65. At first glance, Chinese students appear as eager as ever to study in the US.



E) V



A) On the surface it seems that there is no decline in the desire of Chinese students to get educated in the US. B) Apparently, Chinese students are increasingly keen to continue their studies in the US. C) To all outward appearances, Chinese students are no less eager than they used to be to go to the US. D) Apparently, as long as Chinese students are eager to study in the US, they’ll do so.



63. (I) Teachers naturally welcome information about their students that might help them to teach more effectively. (II) For many, results from standardized assessment tests, such as IQ and academic achievement measures, are one useful source of information. (III) Teachers, however, often interpret a child’s quick responses as rude interruptions. (IV) Normally, of course, such tests are designed to be as accurate as possible. (V) There is one famous one, however, that was built around deliberately inaccurate information. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) It seems as if Chinese students are still equally keen to study in the US.



E) V



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



12



A İNGİLİZCE 68. Great or notorious leaders seem to have unusual and distinctive capabilities that mark them off from the rest of us.



66. Getting a law passed is one thing but getting it enforced is quite another thing. A) The law has already been passed, but I suspect it won’t be easy to implement it.



A) Leaders, whether they are remarkable for good or evil, are different from the rest of the world on account of their rare potential.



B) Once the law has been passed, it will be easy enough to put it into effect. C) If the law has been passed, it will soon come into effect. D) The law has been passed and will soon be enforced.



B) It is the distinctive quality of uniqueness that marks the great and the notorious leaders alike, and that sets them off from the rest of us. C) Leaders, both illustrious and infamous ones, are apparently endowed with rare and remarkable capacities that distinguish them from other people.



E) The passing of a law and the implementing of it are two very different things.



D) Both the eminent and the notorious leaders of the world are set apart from the rest of mankind on account of their rare abilities. E) It is on account of their remarkable capabilities that the great and the disreputable leaders alike, are so different from the rest of mankind.



67. An enduring illusion of the Americans is that every social imperfection can be corrected simply by passing a law.



69. Of all the decisions a free people must face, the question of war or peace is the most crucial.



A) Americans can still be deluded into thinking that social problems can be effectively overcome by passing laws.



A) A free people is never confronted by a more momentous choice than that of war or peace. B) The choice of war or peace is a critical one, but all free people do, on occasion, have to face it.



B) A continuing misconception of the Americans is that all it takes to rectify a social shortcoming is the passing of a law.



C) The issue of war or peace is a vital one but free people sometimes have to come up against it.



C) Among the recurring delusions of Americans is the idea that, by passing laws, a remedy can be found for all social grievances.



D) When confronted with the choice of war or peace free people realize it is the most momentous of all issues.



D) Americans can easily be tricked into believing that all social wrongs can be righted by the passing of laws.



E) The most critical choice that a free people is ever called upon to make concerns the issue of war or peace.



E) The erroneous belief that social defects can easily be overcome by the passing of laws still persists among the people of America.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



13



A İNGİLİZCE 72. Reg : - Have you put your house up for sale yet?



70. – 75. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz.



Dave : - Oh, yes. And I’ve had several offers. The estate agent is urging me to accept the last one.



70. Helen : - How long have the TV’s nature documentaries been going?



Reg : - ----



Beth : - For at least 40 years, I should think. ----



Dave : - I’ve noticed that. Mine actually wanted me to accept the initial offer, and that was really low.



Helen : - Indeed they have. In one of the latest they actually show a penguin chick developing inside its egg!



A) That’s typical. They like to get the sale over as soon as possible. B) Why is that?



A) The series explores the limits of animal endurance in hostile environments.



C) And why is that? Are they really offering a very good price?



B) And over that time they’ve been transformed beyond recognition.



D) It’s not a buyer’s market at the moment.



C) Moreover, the films grow even more spectacular and sophisticated.



E) Don’t let him push you into a sale.



D) Some of the world’s leading wildlife camera teams are with the BBC’s national history unit. E) Some remarkable footage has been shot.



71. Brian : - The aim of this article, apparently, is to show that Shakespeare isn’t as special as he’s made out to be! Fred : - ---Brian : - Well; it points out that Shakespeare’s King Lear and Cervantes’ Don Quixote were written in the same year, and then asks which is the best? Fred : - Yes. A tricky question. Thought-provoking, too. A) I don’t want to hear any more! B) I shan’t bother to read it! C) How does it manage to do that? D) That’s the fashionable approach at the moment! E) Didn’t Marlowe write his plays?



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



14



A İNGİLİZCE 75. Sue : - Is your computer reasonably modern?



73. Matthew : - I’ve been looking at this map of the world’s oil.



Wendy : - ----



George : - Yes. I took a look at that, too. What surprised you most?



Sue : - Then it’s terribly out of date! With computers there are new things happening all the time.



Matthew : - ----



Wendy : - That may be. But I’m comfortable with mine and have no intention of changing it.



George : - Yes. I hadn’t realized that either. A) I don’t think anything did.



A) I suppose so. I’ve never really thought about it.



B) I don’t know. But production costs for North Sea Oil are going up.



B) Are you trying to sell me a new one?



C) The newly discovered oil reserves in West Africa could have proved useful.



C) Probably not. It’s a bit slow, though, and that can be annoying.



D) Nothing really.



D) Oh, yes. I’ve had it about six years, that’s all.



E) The fact that central and South America come second, after the Middle East, for oil reserves.



E) I don’t know. But it’s been giving me a lot of trouble lately.



74. Sam : - Don’t forget, “clean coal” means different things to different people. Charles : - I know it does. But at least people are beginning to realize that coal can be cleaned and, indeed, should be. Sam : - ---Charles : - It used to be. But there are now new systems that are far more efficient and far less expensive. A) What’s the big problem, sulpher dioxide? B) Clean coal technologies fall into three categories. C) But isn’t the cleaning of coal an extremely expensive process? D) Coal that has been “aged” gives out more heat and fewer gases. E) Is it really possible to “clean” coal?



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



15



A İNGİLİZCE 78. The point is made in the passage that aesthetic principles ----.



76. – 80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) have no place in an engineer’s design Engineering is akin to writing or painting in that it is a creative endeavor that begins in the mind’s eye and proceeds into new frontiers of thought and action, where it does not so much find as make new things. Just as the poet starts with a blank sheet of paper and the artist with a blank canvas, so the engineer today begins with a blank computer screen. Until the outlines of a design are set down, however tentatively, there can be no appeal to science or to critical analysis to judge or test the design. Scientific, rhetorical or aesthetic principles may be called on to inspire, refine and finish a design, but creative things do not come of applying the principles alone. Without the sketch of a thing or a diagram of a process, scientific facts and laws are of little use to engineers. Science may be the theater, but engineering is the action on the stage.



B) are central to the very best works of art C) and creativity are two very different things D) cannot be taught or learnt E) can infuse life into an ill-conceived poem



79. It can be inferred from the passage that, once a poet has achieved the basic core of his poem, ----. A) the creative process is complete B) he tends to lose interest in it



76. The writer’s main aim in this passage is to ----. A) show how many different types of creativity there are



C) he should wait a while before transcribing it onto a blank sheet of paper



B) stress the creative and constructive aspects of an engineer’s work



D) aesthetic principles may help him to intensify and complete it



C) compare and contrast the way poets and painters work



E) he must start to examine it for flaws and then remove them



D) show that literary creativity is superior to the painter’s creativity E) establish the fact that it is the engineers’ scientific knowledge that makes him creative



80. According to the writer of the passage, each act of creativity ----.



77. We understand from the passage that, for the engineer, scientific laws ----. A) only have a role to play after a design has taken some sort of form



A) necessitates the crossing of frontiers and entry into unknown regions



B) are only relevant in details concerning safety



B) is dependent upon a storehouse of closely related knowledge



C) are a constant factor all through the creative process of design



C) arises almost equally out of thought and inspiration and knowledge



D) play an important role only when it comes to finalizing certain details



D) has some bearing on other acts of creativity



E) are rarely applicable at any stage in his projects



E) in one sphere of endeavour has its counterpart in another



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



16



A İNGİLİZCE 83. The term “Gilded Age” as it is used in the passage means ----.



81. – 85. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Just as every teenager thinks he is brighter than his parents, every decade considers itself superior to the one that came before. Over the past few months, we of the 2000 decade have made it quite clear that we are morally heads above those who lived in the 1990s. We’ve done it first by establishing a reigning cliché for that period. Just as the 1960s are known for student unrest, the 1980s for Reagan, Thatcher and the Yuppies, the 1990s will henceforth be known as the second Gilded Age. They will be known as the age when the real problems in the world were ignored while the illusions of the dotcom types were celebrated. It was the age of effortless abundance, cell phones on every ear, stock markets that only went up and Mercedes sport utility vehicles. Never before had business leaders enjoyed so much prestige, and never before had capitalism had fewer mortal enemies. Bill Gates couldn’t be on enough business-magazine covers; tycoons like him felt free to assume the role of global sages, writing books with such weighty titles as “The Road Ahead.”



A) to be admired



B) golden age



C) with moral principles



D) with surface shine



E) in bad taste



84. We understand from the passage that, during the 1990s, ----. A) there was a great deal of student unrest B) capitalism again fell into disrepute C) technological advance took the form of useful gadgets D) teenagers grew very critical of their parents



81. According to the passage, the decade of the 1990s was characterized by ----.



E) business tycoons received undue respect and were indeed almost idolized



A) capitalism, blindness and possessions B) hard-work, greed and the need to communicate C) indifference, immorality and selfishness D) generosity, spontaneity and individuality E) disagreements, competition and prejudice



85. One point made in the passage is that ----.



82. In the opinion of the author of the passage, the 2000 decade ----.



A) with each passing decade life gets easier and more comfortable



A) differs very little from the decade of Reagan, Thatcher and the Yuppies



B) any hopes of the 2000 decade are not likely to survive the decade



B) inherited a failing global economy from the previous decade C) is far more moral than the preceding one



C) the business magazines of this decade differ very little from those of earlier decades



D) still admires the values of the business leaders of the 1990s and the books they wrote



D) each new decade regards itself as superior to the previous one



E) is fast losing its idealism and growing more and more like previous decades



E) the real problems of each decade are essentially the same



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



17



A İNGİLİZCE 88. Before he took over the running of BBC4, Roly Keating ----.



86. – 90. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) was involved in commercial TV enterprises BBC4, a comparatively new TV channel, has a character of its own. From the start it aimed to be “a place to think”, and it was always designed as something “that the commercial market would never do”, says Roly Keating, its controller and formerly head of arts at the BBC. Its first week’s schedule indeed verged on a parody of non-commercial TV, with township opera from South Africa and a performance by a Senegalese singer in a London church hall. A top-rated show will typically draw some 50,000 viewers – almost negligible in television terms. Yet that narrow appeal makes BBC4 a model of what a publicly financed broadcaster ought to do. It has roamed into territory where its ratings-driven sister channel, BBC1, seldom dares to tread. Despite a tiny 35m budget, it boasts an intelligent prime-time talk show and a world news programme so internationally minded that its London provenance is barely visible. BBC4 may wear its gravity a little too heavily at times, but it supplies a variety and thoughtfulness unavailable on prime time BBC1. The more the other BBC channels chase the ratings, and the more that BBC4 refuses to be dictated to by them, the more the channel looks like a model for what BBC television could look like.



B) was criticized because his programmes were too intellectual and too serious C) was a severe critic of the BBC1 channel D) had taken a firm stand against the trend to let ratings dictate programming E) was arts director at the BBC



89. According to the passage, the programmes BBC4 has to offer ----. A) rarely come up to expectations B) are varied, unusual and thought-provoking C) are mostly news programmes and Londonorientated



86. It is clear from the passage that, since BBC4 is publicly financed, it ----.



D) are attracting very large numbers of viewers



A) has to give viewers the kind of programmes they want



E) constitute a close rival for BBC1 as regards ratings



B) has a large budget with which to work C) is under no pressure to attract large numbers of viewers D) is under an obligation to offer a great variety of programme E) is often severely criticized for the subjectivity of its news programmes 90. It is clear that the writer of the passage ----. A) feels BBC4 has not lived up to its aim to be “a place to think”



87. In the passage, BBC1 is described as being “ratings-driven”; this means ----.



B) regards BBC4’s budget of £35m as excessive



A) it is obliged to put on popular programmes



C) would like to see the BBC1 channel closed down



B) its appeal is a very narrow one



D) is very impressed by the performance of the BBC4 channel



C) it sees BBC4 as its greatest rival D) it feels very secure and can take risks



E) was full of admiration for BBC4’s choice of programme for the first week



E) it never experiments or tries out a new type of programme



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



18



A İNGİLİZCE 93. According to the passage, Lewis Island ----.



91. – 95. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) has the climate and conditions favourable to agriculture



The natives of the Lewis Island know wind – sometimes too well. Every winter the Atlantic gales come blasting across the northern tip of Scotland’s Outer Hebrides. The wind hardly slows down even after striking land; in the island’s marshy interior, gusts regularly exceed 160kph. Everyone stays indoors but the sheep. Tourists arrive in summer, lured by mild temperatures and unspoiled countryside; even so, there’s rarely a calm day. “The weather here is changeable”, says Nigel Scott, spokesman for the local government. “But the wind is constant”. The brutal climate could finally be Lewis’s salvation. The place has been growing poorer and more desolate for generations, as young people seek sunnier prospects elsewhere. But now the energy industry has discovered the storm-swept island. The multinationals AMEC and British Energy are talking about plans to erect some 300 outsize wind turbines across a few thousand hectares of moorland. If the 500 million-pound project goes through, the array will be Europe’s largest wind farm, capable of churning out roughly 1 per cent of Britain’s total electrical needs – and generating some badly needed jobs and cash for the people of Lewis.



B) suffers more than any other island in Scotland’s Outer Hebrides from Atlantic gales C) will undergo many important changes unless a wind farm is established there D) may one day be home to Europe’s largest wind farm E) has an aging population that regards the windfarm scheme with distrust



94. If the energy industry carries out the project described in the passage and sets up 300 wind turbines on Lewis, ----. A) maintenance costs due to the gale force winds could cause financial failure B) the young people will want to leave their much loved island



91. We understand from the passage that, in summer, the island of Lewis ----.



C) there will be a shortage of land for the sheep to graze on



A) attracts visitors as nature there has remained unspoiled



D) other windswept coastlines throughout Europe will probably follow suit



B) enjoys a warm, wind-free climate



E) these will provide Britain with roughly of 1 per cent of her total electrical needs



C) is one of the most attractive of the islands that make up the Outer Hebrides D) has little to offer its inhabitants by way of a living other than fishing E) can offer its inhabitants even less in the way of a livelihood than it can in the winter



95. According to the passage, if the proposed wind farm is set up on Lewis, ----. A) this could make the island unattractive to summer visitors



92. It’s clear from the passage that for a long time now the young people of Lewis ----. A) have been looking forward to the establishment of a wind farm on their island



B) the idea could spread rapidly to neighbouring islands



B) have been leaving the island intent on finding a better way of life elsewhere



C) this will open up much needed employment opportunities for the islanders



C) have realized that the island’s most valuable asset is its climate



D) it will only function efficiently in the winter months



D) have been reluctant to leave the island on a permanent basis



E) the costs will be shared equally by AMEC and British Energy



E) feel no sympathy for the old traditions and ways of life of the island Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



19



A İNGİLİZCE 98. It is clear from the passage that science and the application of science ----.



96. – 100. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) will not help to further global awareness In this century, the wealth and success of nations will depend like never before on the ability to produce and use knowledge. Universities have long been instrumental in generating knowledge and ideas. But in an increasingly globalized world, and in the face of rapid scientific change, they will need to think about a set of new challenges and how best to prepare their students for the coming decades. Universities will need to teach a new kind of literacy, in which global awareness will play an important role. They also need to deal with the dilemmas posed by the accelerating pace of change brought on by scientific and technological advances. We are on the brink of once-in-human-history progress in combating disease through the application of modern science. Doctors will have at their disposal blood tests that will tell you with substantial predictive power how long you will live and from what diseases you are likely to suffer. The Internet and the application of information technology may well represent the most profound change in the way knowledge is disseminated since the printing press. We are close to understanding the first second of the history of the cosmos.



B) is largely confined within the universities C) has grown so complex that it is beyond the understanding of all but a very few D) cannot go on advancing at this rate E) is opening up startling new possibilities



99. The writer of the passage seems convinced that the current rapid developments in science and technology ----. A) will be accompanied by new problems B) cannot go on much longer C) will bring more harm than good D) are largely concentrated in the field of medicine E) are beyond the grasp of most people in most countries



96. According to the passage, universities are under an obligation to ensure that their students ----. A) have the chance to work alongside foreign students B) are equipped to deal with the changing conditions of the coming decades C) are introduced to international perspectives in every area of study



100. The phrase, “once-in-human-history progress” is saying ----. A) we cannot expect or, indeed, hope for such progress ever to happen again



D) are taught not specific facts as much as broad ways of thinking



B) this is only the first of many spurts of progress



E) all have a good grounding in science and technology



C) this is the first instance of a widespread application of science D) there has never been such progress ever before and there may not be again



97. One point that is given considerable emphasis in the passage is ----.



E) this is the highest possible peak of progress



A) the need of all students to get acquainted with foreign cultures and global issues B) that the universities have a commitment to the pursuit of truth for its own sake



TEST BİTTİ.



C) that the universities are in a position to further greater global integration



CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.



D) the incredible speed with which knowledge is increasing E) that universities must stick to the values that have made them successful in the past Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



20



A İNGİLİZCE 5. There has been increasing pressure in the US to ---- the amount of funding allocated to foreign aid, and instead, use the funds to improve the domestic economy.



1. – 15. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



A) make up for



1. A strong ---- exists between a country’s wealth and the freedom afforded its citizens. A) coincidence



B) correlation



C) consideration



D) determination



B) point out to



D) cut down on



E) interpretation



C) keep up with



E) take up with



6. Many parts of rural America ---- to reflect the values and traditions of the European immigrants who ---- in the country during the nineteenth century. A) continued / have arrived



2. Satellite television transmission now makes it ---for us to watch events as they unfold in other countries.



B) have continued / would have arrived C) continue / arrived



A) worldwide



B) substantial



D) would have continued / were arriving



C) aware



D) commonplace



E) will continue / would arrive



E) liable



7. With few exceptions, most totalitarian governments ---- more liberal since 1989 when the Berlin Wall ----.



3. Latin American countries on average export only about 10 per cent of their products to other Latin American countries but ---- 20 per cent of them to the US. A) almost



B) fairly



C) respectively



D) initially



A) became / falls B) are becoming / would fall C) were becoming / has fallen D) had become / was falling



E) extensively



E) have become / fell



8. Of all the arts it ---- to classical music that Germany ---- the greatest contribution.



4. Until the sixteenth century, when the first international postal agreement was ----, there was no postal system as we know it today. A) assigned



B) maintained



D) seized



A) had been / made B) is / has made



C) enacted



C) has been / had made



E) conducted



D) was / will have made E) might be / would have made



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



1



A İNGİLİZCE 13. ---- by making an internal analysis can a company set the overall rationale for its international activities.



9. Severity of autism ranges ---- those who are mute and have no functional behaviour ---- individuals with high IQ scores. A) into / among



B) in / about



C) between / of



D) through / for



A) Still



B) While D) Until



C) Only E) Just as



E) from / to



10. Most companies would prefer to concentrate ---domestic rather than foreign markets because of their greater familiarity ---- their own environments. A) in / of



B) on / with D) at / from



14. ---- an organization depends on collaborative arrangements, ---- likely it is to lose control over decisions.



C) over / by



E) for / to



A) Not only / but also



B) Neither / nor



C) Either / or



D) When / then E) The more / the more



11. Management must learn to determine market conditions in the countries ---- it is doing business. A) where



B) what D) of which



C) as for E) so that



15. A corporation’s formulation of its international strategy will greatly determine ---- it will benefit more from protectionism or from some other means for countering international competition.



12. ---- the growth in e-mail and fax transmissions, many communications are still best handled by face-to-face or voice-to-voice contact. A) Contrary to



B) In spite of



C) By means of



D) Since



A) so



B) as D) whether



C) unless E) whereby



E) As regards



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



2



A İNGİLİZCE 16. – 20. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



21. – 25. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



All hay fever sufferers will be aware of the pollen “rain” that (16) ---- them in the spring and summer. Pollen grains – the tiny male reproductive bodies of flowering plants – have an almost (17) ---- outer shell (exine) that can survive in certain sediments for tens of thousands of years. In pollen analysis the exines are extracted from the soil, studied under a microscope, and identified (18) ---- the distinctive exine shape and surface ornamentation of different families and genera of plants. (19) ---- quantified, these identifications are then plotted as curves on a pollen diagram. Fluctuations in the curve (20) ---each plant category may then be studied for signs of climatic fluctuation, or forest clearance and cropplanting by humans.



Underwater archaeology is beginning to yield a detailed picture of whaling undertaken by Basque fishermen at Red Bay, Labrador, in the 16th century. The Basques were at this time the largest suppliers to Europe of whale oil – an important (21) ---- used for lighting and in products such as soap. In 1977, prompted by the discovery in Spanish archives that Red Bay (22) ---- a prominent whaling centre, Canadian archaeologist James A. Tuck began an excavation on the island at the mouth of Red Bay Harbour. Here he found remains of structures for turning blubber (23) ---- whale oil. (24) ----, in 1978, the nautical archaeologist Robert Grenier led a Parks Canada team in search of the Basque galleon San Juan, (25) ---- the archives said had sunk in the harbour in 1565.



16. 21.



A) should afflict



B) can afflict



C) had afflicted



D) would afflict



A) commodity



B) refinement



D) hardship



E) afflicted



C) artifact



E) settlement



22.



17. A) intense



B) approachable



C) indestructible



D) abundant



A) would have been



B) is



C) was going to be



D) had been



E) will be



E) unsteady 23. A) by



18.



D) upon



A) according to



B) ahead of



C) with a view to



D) on behalf of



19. B) Whenever D) Until



B) Frequently



C) Otherwise



D) Subsequently E) Conclusively



E) Once



25. A) whose



B) on D) about



E) into



A) On the contrary



C) While



20. A) across



C) next to



24.



E) in place of



A) Before



B) about



B) when D) who



C) for



C) whom E) which



E) at Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



3



A İNGİLİZCE 29. ---- but cannot be proved and is difficult to assess.



26. – 35. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.



A) The influence of Samuel Johnson’s Dictionary of the English Language on the development of the language has been widely assumed



26. Because energy production expends resources and causes pollution, ----.



B) Samuel Johnson’s Dictionary of the English Language played a role in propagating a standard spelling among the less literate



A) we depend upon nature to provide the basics of life, such as food and oxygen B) many resources are used once and then thrown away



C) Samuel Johnson was an enthusiastic reader of classical and English literature from his earliest years



C) modern technical challenges are seldom met by scientists



D) It took Samuel Johnson eight or nine years to complete work on his Dictionary of the English Language



D) scientists and engineers must work to develop energy-efficient processes



E) With his Dictionary of the English Language, Samuel Johnson provided a powerful but conservative model of language usage



E) engineers must solve problems without even understanding the underlying theory



27. If only she had come up with some positive suggestions, ----. A) the scheme certainly had very many drawbacks B) nobody else is likely to complain C) so far this is the best thesis to be submitted D) the others will already have been rejected E) I wouldn’t have minded her criticism of the project 30. Before the 21st century has run its course, ----. A) the powers of computers have expanded vastly due to advanced research B) countless technologies not envisioned yet will be available to us 28. ---- while such African languages as Hausa and Swahili continued to serve the everyday needs of the masses.



C) a great deal of scientific effort is being made to find solutions to complex problems D) most people in developed countries enjoy a state of true health throughout their lives



A) During the colonial era in Africa, English became the shared language of the administration and a Western-educated élite,



E) our knowledge of the world around us has improved to a great extent



B) In colonial Africa, the teaching of English literature is no longer popular C) Modern African writers have found it necessary to adapt certain aspects of English, D) Today, English is the official language of sixteen countries in Africa, E) English as a second language has been taught in Africa for nearly four hundred years,



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



4



A İNGİLİZCE 31. Smallpox was once a dreaded human disease, ----.



34. By 1809, Sweden’s military power had waned to such an extent ----.



A) while genetic engineering can be used in several ways to make vaccines



A) as a new constitution transferred power from the king to Parliament



B) although today DNA technology is helping medical researchers develop vaccines



B) so that it could no longer continue as a great power



C) even if artificial-mutant vaccines may cause fewer side effects than natural mutants



C) that the country was forced to surrender part of its territory to Russia



D) but it was eradicated worldwide in the 1970s by widespread vaccination



D) in that nearly one million Swedes migrated, mostly to America



E) since there has been no effective drug treatment for many viral diseases



E) even though the Swedes had contributed to Europe’s Age of Enlightenment with advances in science



32. Neanderthals were a recent evolutionary human relative ----. A) who lived in Europe and became extinct 30,00040,000 years ago B) as researchers studying human origins debated this question for decades C) which are muscular and robust, with a brain similar to ours in size D) while the relationship between humans and Neanderthals may best be described as sister species



35. Road and rail connections in Italy are generally better in the north, ----.



E) despite the fact that they had hands as nimble as those of present-day humans, with a thumb and fingers



A) because between the snowy peaks of the Alps and the rugged shores of Sicily lies a whole series of regions, each with its distinctive culture B) but there are many other attractive historic towns and cities



33. The Welsh language has changed so little through the centuries ----.



C) but people speak of two Italies: the rich industrial North and the poorer agricultural South



A) whose annual Eisteddfod celebration honours its best poets and writers



D) just as the government has allocated extra funds for road repairs



B) that an educated Welshman can still read the Welsh of the Middle Ages



E) where Milan, Bologna and Verona are the key transport centres



C) as more and more English families settle in Wales, bringing their habits with them D) although Wales recently formed its own national assembly E) unless it embodies the kind, unambitious nature of the Welsh people



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



5



A İNGİLİZCE 37. As we learn from the works of many biologists in the past, since sponges did not move from one place to another, they were thought to be plants.



36. – 40. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz.



A) Geçmişteki pek çok biyoloğun, eserlerinde, süngerlerden bitki olarak söz etmesinin nedeni, bu canlıların bir yerden bir yere hareket etmemesidir.



36. A person’s health history may reveal a disease that interferes with the body’s use of nutrients or that affects the person’s eating habits. A) Kişinin sağlık öyküsü, yemek yemesini engelleyen veya bedeninin besinlerden yararlanma sürecini etkileyen bir hastalığı açığa çıkarmada kullanılabilir.



B) Geçmişteki biyologların eserlerinden öğrendiğimiz kadarıyla, süngerler bir yerden bir yere hareket etmemeleri dolayısıyla bitkilerle aynı grupta ele alınıyordu.



B) Kişinin sağlık öyküsü, bedenin besinlerden yararlanmasını engelleyen veya kişinin yemek yeme alışkanlıklarını etkileyen bir hastalığı açığa çıkarabilir.



C) Geçmişteki pek çok biyoloğun eserlerinden öğrendiğimiz kadarıyla, süngerler bir yerden bir yere hareket etmediği için onların bitki olduğu sanılıyordu.



C) İnsanın yemek yemesini engelleyen veya bedenin besinlerden yararlanma sürecini etkileyen hastalıklar, kişinin sağlık öyküsünden yararlanılarak ortaya çıkarılabilir.



D) Geçmişte, süngerler, bir yerden bir yere hareket etmedikleri için bitki olarak kabul edildiği halde, pek çok biyolog bu görüşe eserlerinde yer vermemiştir.



D) Bir kişinin sağlık öyküsünden, hem onun yemek yeme alışkanlıklarını etkileyen hem de bedenin besinlerden yararlanmasını engelleyen hastalıklar kolaylıkla anlaşılabilir.



E) Süngerler, bir yerden bir yere hareket etmedikleri için, geçmişte bitki olarak sınıflanıyordu; fakat birçok biyolog, eserlerinde bunun yanlış olduğunu belirtmektedir.



E) Bedenin besinlerden yararlanma sürecini etkileyen veya kişinin yemek yemesini engelleyen hastalıkların çoğu, kişinin sağlık öyküsünden anlaşılmaktadır.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



6



A İNGİLİZCE 40. When the Sirkeci train station went into service on November 3, 1890, the waiting room was heated with stoves brought from Austria and lit by coal-gas lamps.



38. Overrun by the Austro-German armies in World War I, Poland declared its independence on November 11, 1918, and on June 20, 1919, was recognized as an independent state by the Treaty of Versailles.



A) 3 Kasım 1890’da hizmete giren Sirkeci tren istasyonunun hava gazı lambalarıyla aydınlatılan bekleme salonu, çoğu Avusturya’dan ithal edilen sobalarla ısıtılıyordu.



A) I. Dünya Savaşı’nda Avusturya-Alman orduları tarafından işgal edilmiş olan Polonya, bağımsızlığını 11 Kasım 1918’de ilân etmiş olsa da bağımsız bir devlet olarak tanınması, 20 Haziran 1919’da imzalanan Versailles Antlaşması’yla gerçekleşmiştir.



B) Sirkeci tren istasyonu 3 Kasım 1890’da hizmete girdiğinde, bekleme salonu Avusturya’dan getirtilen sobalarla ısıtılıyor ve hava gazı lambalarıyla aydınlatılıyordu.



B) Avusturya-Alman ordularınca I. Dünya Savaşı’nda işgal edilmiş olan Polonya, 11 Kasım 1918’de bağımsızlığını ilân etmiştir; ancak bir devlet olarak bağımsızlığı Versailles Antlaşması’yla 20 Haziran 1919’da kesinleşmiştir.



C) 3 Kasım 1890’da, bekleme salonu hava gazı lambalarıyla aydınlatılan ve Avusturya’dan ithal edilen sobalarla ısıtılan Sirkeci tren istasyonu hizmete girdi.



C) Polonya, I. Dünya Savaşı’nda Avusturya-Alman ordularının işgaline uğrasa da 11 Kasım 1918’de bağımsızlığını ilân etmiş ve bir devlet olarak bağımsızlığı, 20 Haziran 1919’da Versailles Antlaşması’yla kesinleşmiştir.



D) Sirkeci tren istasyonu 3 Kasım 1890’da hizmete girdiğinde, hava gazı lambalarıyla aydınlatılan bekleme salonunu ısıtmak için Avusturya’dan soba ithal edilmişti. E) Sirkeci tren istasyonunun Avusturya sobalarıyla ısıtılan ve hava gazı lambalarıyla aydınlatılan bekleme salonu, 3 Kasım 1890’da hizmete girmişti.



D) I. Dünya Savaşı sırasında Avusturya-Alman ordularının işgaline uğrayan Polonya, Versailles Antlaşması’na göre, bağımsızlığını 11 Kasım 1918’de ilân etmiş ve 20 Haziran 1919’da da bağımsız bir devlet olarak tanınmıştır. E) Avusturya-Alman ordularınca I. Dünya Savaşı’nda işgal edilmiş olan Polonya, 11 Kasım 1918’de bağımsızlığını ilân etmiş ve Versailles Antlaşması’yla 20 Haziran 1919’da bağımsız bir devlet olarak tanınmıştır.



41. – 45. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz. 41. Kuzey İrlanda, Birleşik Krallığın ayrılmaz bir parçasıdır; ancak, 1920’de İrlanda’nın Yönetimi Yasası’na konmuş olan hükümlere göre, yarı özerk bir yönetime sahiptir. A) Northern Ireland constitutes a major part of the United Kingdom even though, according to the Government of Ireland Act of 1920, it is governed semi-autonomously.



39. James Joyce, whom Samuel Beckett knew in Paris in the 1920s, had a great impact on Beckett’s thinking regarding the art of writing. A) Samuel Beckett’in 1920’lerde Paris’te tanıdığı James Joyce’un, Beckett’in yazma sanatıyla ilgili düşünceleri üzerinde büyük bir etkisi oldu.



B) According to the terms of the Government of Ireland Act of 1920, Northern Ireland makes up a significant part of the United Kingdom despite the fact that its government is semi-autonomous.



B) James Joyce’un yazma sanatı konusundaki düşüncelerinden çok etkilenen Samuel Beckett, onu 1920’lerde Paris’te tanımıştı.



C) Northern Ireland is an integral part of the United Kingdom, but, in accordance with the provisions made in 1920 in the Government of Ireland Act, it has a semi-autonomous government.



C) Samuel Beckett 1920’lerde James Joyce’la Paris’te tanıştıktan sonra, yazma sanatı konusundaki düşünceleri bir ölçüde değişti.



D) Northern Ireland is regarded as an essential part of the United Kingdom and, under the terms of the Government of Ireland Act of 1920, is administered by a semi-autonomous government.



D) James Joyce 1920’lerde Paris’te tanıdığı Samuel Beckett’in yazma sanatı konusundaki düşüncelerini büyük ölçüde etkiledi. E) 1920’lerde Paris’te yaşayan Samuel Beckett’in yazma sanatı konusundaki düşünceleri James Joyce sayesinde tamamıyla değişti.



E) According to the provisions made in the 1920 Government of Ireland Act, Northern Ireland, which is an inseparable part of the United Kingdom, has a semi-autonomous administration. Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



7



A İNGİLİZCE 42. Patara’da pek çok pansiyon ve birkaç görkemli otel olmasına rağmen, geleneksel köy yaşamı hâlâ devam etmektedir.



44. On dokuzuncu yüzyılın sonlarında X ışınları keşfedildiğinde, bilim adamları benzer tür başka ışınlar bulmak için hemen yoğun araştırmalara giriştiler.



A) Patara boasts various pensions and a number of magnificent hotels even though village life continues here in a traditional way.



A) It was in the late nineteenth century that, following the discovery of X-rays, scientists suddenly embarked on a serious research programme to trace various other similar rays.



B) Despite a number of pensions and some excellent hotels, Patara is still a village which has a traditional way of life.



B) Following the discovery of X-rays in the nineteenth century, comprehensive research was soon undertaken by scientists in order to detect other rays of the same kind.



C) Though a village where traditional life still goes on, Patara has a great number of pensions and several luxurious hotels.



C) Towards the end of the nineteenth century, when X-rays were discovered, scientists were already involved in extensive research in order to study other kinds of rays.



D) Although in Patara there are many pensions and a few splendid hotels, traditional village life still continues. E) Patara, which has several pensions but few nice hotels, is just a village where life goes on in a traditional manner.



D) The discovery of X-rays in the late nineteenth century motivated scientists to carry out exhaustive research in order to detect other types of rays. E) When X-rays were discovered in the late nineteenth century, scientists immediately set out on intensive research to find other similar types of rays.



43. On altıncı yüzyılın ilk yarısında Fransa kralı olan I. François, ülkesini Avrupa’da önde gelen bir güç yapmayı düşlemiş, ancak Avusturya imparatoru V. Charles tarafından engellenmiştir.



45. Roma İmparatorluğu’nun yıkılışından sonra, İmparatorluğun bir parçası olan Avusturya, Slav kökenli çeşitli milletlerce istila edilmiştir.



A) The French king François I, who had the dream of making his country Europe’s dominant power in the first half of the sixteenth century, was opposed by the Austrian emperor Charles V.



A) Following the fall of the Roman Empire, Austria, which had constituted part of the Empire, was settled by different peoples of Slavic origin.



B) François I, the king of France in the first half of the sixteenth century, dreamt of making his country a leading power in Europe but was prevented by Charles V, emperor of Austria.



B) In the aftermath of the fall of the Roman Empire, Austria, which had been one of the regions of the Empire, was overrun by a number of originally Slavic peoples.



C) Charles V, the emperor of Austria, stood up against François I, the king of France, who dreamt of making his country a major European power in the first half of the sixteenth century.



C) Soon after the fall of the Roman Empire, Austria, which had been a region of the Empire, was conquered by various nations, mostly of Slavic origin.



D) François I, the king of France, had the dream of turning his country into the chief European power in the first half of the sixteenth century although he was opposed by Charles V, emperor of Austria.



D) After the fall of the Roman Empire, Austria, which had been a part of the Empire, was invaded by various nations of Slavic origin. E) When the Roman Empire fell, a number of nations of Slavic origin had already invaded Austria, which was part of the Empire.



E) The king of France in the first half of the sixteenth century, François I, dreamt of making his country one of the major powers in Europe but was dissuaded by the Austrian emperor Charles V.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



8



A İNGİLİZCE 48. Headaches are among the most common medical problems. Some people have headaches often, while others hardly ever have them. ---- However, a change in the pattern or nature of headaches could signal a serious problem and calls for prompt medical attention.



46. – 51. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz. 46. Many professions, such as law, rely almost exclusively on the written and oral word. Although engineers also must write and speak well, this alone is insufficient to convey complex engineering information. For this, graphical or visual communication is required. ---- In addition, it can provide readers with insight they can obtain through no other means.



A) In addition to drugs, which are enormously beneficial in treating diseases, many other treatments can help relieve pain. B) In general, though headaches may be painful and distressing, they rarely reflect a serious medical condition.



A) On the contrary, tables are useful for presenting technical information.



C) Pain is an unpleasant sensation signalling that the body is damaged or threatened with an injury.



B) As a matter of fact, graphs are prepared from tabulated data.



D) On the contrary, high blood pressure may produce a throbbing sensation in the head.



C) A well-prepared graph can accurately communicate a great deal of information in just a few seconds.



E) Actually, pain begins in and around the eyes and begins to affect the whole head.



D) However, a wide variety of graphs are available to help visualize data. E) Nevertheless, graphs should have a descriptive title. 49. Elizabeth Barrett Browning, who was to become Victorian England’s most famous woman poet in the nineteenth century, received an unusual education for a woman of her time. Availing herself of her brother’s tutor, she studied Latin and Greek. ---- But as her intellectual and literary powers matured, her personal life became increasingly undermined by ill health. Although, by the age of thirty-nine, she was a prominent woman of letters, she continued to live in semiseclusion as an invalid in her father’s house, where she occasionally received visitors.



47. Compared to its Balkan neighbours, Greece is a wealthy country, but it remains one of the poorer members of the European Union. ---Nevertheless, with a nominally capitalist orientation, it has overcome its resemblance to pre-1989 Eastern Europe. Loss-making state enterprises have been sold off, and inflation and interest rates have fallen. However, unemployment remains high.



A) In her later poems, in which she took up the cause of Italian nationalism, she was mostly concerned with the political issues of her time.



A) It is still a developing economy, with the agriculture and service sectors accounting for two-thirds of its GNP.



B) Once in Italy, she regained much health and strength, bearing and raising a son, to whom she was ardently devoted.



B) Still, the Greek islands attract thousands of tourists, many of whom come simply to enjoy the sun and sand and the relaxed pace of life.



C) Hence, in her early work, she tended to use the visionary modes of Romantic narrative poetry.



C) Accordingly, it now seems poised to become a significant regional power.



D) Moreover, she read voraciously in history, philosophy and literature and began to write poetry from an early age.



D) Furthermore, it has one of the lowest birth rates in Europe.



E) However, her work fell into disrepute with the modernist reaction against the didacticism and rhetorical excess of Victorian poetry.



E) Yet family life and social life are usually one and the same, and tend to revolve around eating out.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



9



A İNGİLİZCE 50. The human body changes in many noticeable ways with age. Perhaps the first sign of aging occurs when the eye cannot focus easily on close objects. Often by age 40 or so, many people find it difficult to read without using glasses. ---- People tend to lose some ability to hear the highest pitched tones. Therefore, older people may find that violin music no longer sounds as exciting as it did when they were young.



52. – 57. sorularda, verilen durumda söylenmiş olabilecek sözü bulunuz. 52. You are interviewing someone for a job. You don’t think the applicant has the right qualifications or even the right character for the position. However, you decide to give him the chance to further explain his talents. You say: A) If you would like to ask any questions you may do so.



A) Hearing loss may be caused by a mechanical problem in the ear canal or middle ear that blocks the conduction of sound.



B) This job starts at a low salary, but there is the possibility of promotion.



B) Some hearing tests can detect disorders in the auditory processing areas of the brain.



C) You do realize, don’t you, that you will sometimes be required to work at weekends?



C) Neural hearing loss may be caused by brain tumours that also damage nearby nerves and the brain stem.



D) What makes you think you are the best candidate for this job?



D) People who can’t hear well enough may need hearing aids that keep the volume of sound at a suitable level.



E) Have you applied elsewhere for a job?



E) Hearing also changes with age.



51. At the beginning of the 1990s, it seemed to all appearances that the US comprehensively dominated global affairs. ---- Thus, it was described as “the lonely superpower”. However, that said, the 1990s proved to be a decade of uncertainty and questioning for many Americans. In broad terms, the challenges of the post-Cold War era were as demanding for the US as they were for other countries.



53. You are at the airport in a foreign city. You want to hire a taxi to take you to your hotel, but first you want to find out the fare so that the taxi driver can’t overcharge you. You say to the taxistand attendant: A) It’s very expensive to take a taxi these days, isn’t it?



A) In many respects, the ending of the Cold War was expected to usher in a period of profound uncertainty.



B) I’m sorry to disturb you, but is there a taxi available to take me to the Smith Hotel?



B) The debates about US foreign policy in the postCold War period have been shaped by the impact of world events.



C) Excuse me, could you please tell me approximately how much it will cost me to go to the Smith Hotel?



C) One of the most frequently used images of US foreign-policy making has been that of contest and struggle.



D) Why aren’t there any taxis waiting? E) I think I’ll rent a car instead of taking a taxi. Where are the rental offices?



D) Indeed, the US has always found it difficult to reconcile the issue of world order with national perspectives. E) It occupied a pre-eminent position in terms of military power, technology and global economic reach.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



10



A İNGİLİZCE 56. You turn on the television to watch your favourite programme, only to discover that it had been rescheduled and shown the previous evening. Since you have missed the programme, you are angry and say:



54. Your director at work has offered you a promotion. You don’t want to take the position even though there would be a large pay increase, because it would involve moving your family to another city. You go to the director and say: A) What do you think I should do?



A) Let me see what programmes they have tonight.



B) Thank you for considering me for this position, but I’ve decided I’d rather stay where I am for now.



B) So at what time will the programme be on next week?



C) Could you give me a week to think it over?



C) Oh well, now I have extra time to get caught up on my e-mail.



D) How much would my salary increase were I to take this promotion?



D) They’ve no right to make changes without first announcing them!



E) I’ll take the position only if I can find a good job for my wife and good schools for my children.



E) I’m thinking of buying a new television.



57. You are in a subway train on your way to visit a friend who is in hospital. You aren’t sure which stop to get off at, so you say to another passenger:



55. You are hosting a dinner party in your home and want to offer your guests a chance to sit and talk before they come to the table to eat. As your guests arrive, you say:



A) Which stop are you getting off at?



A) Won’t you come into the living room to have something to drink and chat before we eat?



B) Is it far to walk to Central Hospital after I get off?



B) I hope that you like lamb – it’s the main dish tonight.



C) Do you know which stop is the closest to Central Hospital?



C) Welcome! Thank you so much for coming.



D) This train runs very deep underground, doesn’t it?



D) Let’s sit down to eat right away. The food’s getting cold!



E) You need the train going in the opposite direction, don’t you?



E) Can I take your coats for you?



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



11



A İNGİLİZCE 58. – 63. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. 58. (I) Science is systematic because of the attention it gives to organizing knowledge and making it readily accessible to all who wish to build on its foundation. (II) If the results support the hypothesis, the scientist may use them to generate related hypotheses. (III) In this way science is both a personal and a social endeavour. (IV) In other words, it is beneficial both to the individual and to society at large. (V) Moreover, science contributes a great deal to the improvement and the quality of human life. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



B) II



C) III



D) IV



B) II



C) III



D) IV



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



62. (I) Seismic waves are the vibrations from earthquakes that travel through Earth. (II) The Richter magnitude scale was developed in 1935 by Charles F. Richter of the California Institute of Technology to compare the intensity of earthquakes. (III) They are recorded on instruments called seismographs. (IV) Seismographs record a zigzag trace that shows the varying amplitude of ground oscillations beneath the instrument. (V) Sensitive seismographs, which greatly magnify these ground movements, can detect strong earthquakes from sources anywhere in the world. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



E) V



60. (I) Many Romantic writers in Europe were preoccupied with the fact and idea of revolution. (II) For instance, in the early period of the French Revolution, all the leading English Romantics were in sympathy with it. (III) In fact, they were among its most fervent adherents. (IV) Through the greater part of the eighteenth century, man had been viewed as a limited being in a strictly ordered and essentially unchanging world. (V) Later, even after the first enthusiastic expectations had been disappointed by the events in France, the younger writers felt that its example still constituted humanity’s best hope. A) I



A) I



E) V



59. (I) As people age, the amount of water in the body decreases. (II) Since many drugs dissolve in water, and since less water is available to dilute them, these drugs reach higher levels of concentration in the elderly. (III) Also, the kidneys are less able to excrete drugs into the urine, and the liver is less able to metabolize many drugs. (IV) For these reasons, many drugs tend to stay in an elderly person’s body much longer than they would in a younger person’s body. (V) People in every civilization in recorded history have used drugs of plant and animal origin to prevent and treat disease. A) I



61. (I) Modern Bergama is a sleepy agricultural market town in the midst of a well-watered plain. (II) There has been a town here since Trojan times. (III) Of Bergama’s four main tourist attractions, only the museum is in the centre of the town. (IV) However, it was during the period between Alexander the Great and the Roman domination that Bergama, then called Pergamum, enjoyed its greatest prosperity. (V) At that time, it became one of the Middle East’s richest and most powerful small kingdoms.



63. (I) In the fall of 2000 and the winter of 2001, Britain was beset by a series of problems. (II) In September 2000, rising oil prices prompted protests by truck drivers and farmers who demanded a reduction in the fuel tax. (III) In November 2000, a series of unusually severe rainstorms and tornadoes caused high flooding and killed 12 people. (IV) In June 2001, Blair won a second landslide victory, with the Labour Party capturing 413 seats in Parliament. (V) In February 2001, foot-and-mouth disease broke out among British livestock, prompting other countries to ban British meat import and forcing the slaughter of thousands of cattle, pigs and sheep. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



E) V



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



12



A İNGİLİZCE 66. On seeing the new shopping centre for the first time I wondered whether it would succeed, with all the other shops already in the neighbourhood.



64. – 69. sorularda, verilen cümleye anlamca en yakın olan cümleyi bulunuz.



A) I’m sure the new shopping centre will make a profit, because it is much nicer than the other shops nearby.



64. Visitors to the country are often struck by the warmth and hospitality of its people. A) The inhabitants of the country are quite courteous and kind, which is why so many people want to visit there.



B) Because there were already many shops in the area, when I first noticed it I wasn’t sure if the new shopping centre would do well.



B) What always amazes the natives of the country is the graciousness and geniality of the travellers there. C) The thing about the people visiting the country is that they dislike being surprised.



C) Due to the lack of shops in the area, I couldn’t understand why the new shopping centre wasn’t successful from the beginning. D) There are quite a few shops in the neighbourhood, so the new shopping centre will face stiff competition.



D) The friendliness and generosity of the country’s inhabitants frequently impress tourists.



E) I don’t know why they built a new shopping centre in our neighbourhood; there was certainly no need for one.



E) The country’s natives are especially friendly and helpful to tourists, which greatly surprised us all.



67. A recent survey regarding new engineering graduates revealed that these graduates lack communication skills.



65. Today we are more prosperous and have better relationships across the generations than ever before. A) I think people today have more money than they used to, but inter-generational relationships have suffered as a consequence.



A) New engineering graduates are not as good at communicating as their predecessors, according to the results of a recent survey.



B) In the past there used to be more prosperity and better inter-generational communication.



B) A deficiency in communicative skills was the most common complaint about new engineering graduates, according to a recent survey.



C) People these days are better off financially and there is better communication between different age groups than at any time in the past.



C) The fact that recent engineering graduates do not have the ability to make themselves understood was made clear by a new survey.



D) These days we are better at establishing trust between people than we used to be, although we may lack financial resources.



D) The results of a new survey on engineering graduates suggest that the most recent of these graduates are only average communicators.



E) Nowadays people think that relationships and trust between generations are more important than wealth.



E) Good communication skills were rated in a recent survey as the most sought-after quality in new engineering graduates.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



13



A İNGİLİZCE 68. Until recently people felt that Nigerian ministers were being too optimistic, but there is now no question that the country’s financial position is growing steadily stronger.



70. – 75. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz.



A) It is now clear that Nigeria’s economy is in a strong upward cycle but previously people doubted the hopeful attitude of Nigerian ministers.



70. Cheryl : - Did Michelle tell you what happened to her on her vacation in Thailand?



B) Nigerian ministers today have no apprehensions about their country’s financial status, as it is plain that it is constantly getting better. C) In the past, even though Nigeria’s economic status was constantly improving, people were often mistrustful of its ministers’ confident views. D) Though Nigerian ministers were previously sceptical of positive ideas about their country’s financial status, it has become obvious that its economy is advancing day by day.



Mike : - ---Cheryl : - Yes, that’s it. She’d booked a hotel room online, and when she arrived the hotel was full. She had to spend four hours in the rain trying to find another place to stay. A) When did she return from her trip? B) She told me all about it.



E) Today we see that Nigeria is progressing economically, but in the recent past, this was not the case and economists were wary of the optimistic views of its leaders.



C) No; what happened? D) Thailand? I thought she went to Indonesia for her vacation. E) Wasn’t it something to do with her hotel reservation?



71. Jeff : - Are there considerable cultural differences in the way business is conducted between China and Western countries? Neal : - Oh yes, there are many differences and you have to be aware of these if you want to succeed in China. 69. It’s only now that she understands how unhappy she was during her twenties.



Jeff : - ----



A) Despite the fact that her twenties were not a happy time for her, she now understands how to be happy. B) What makes her regretful is that, in her twenties, she could not be happy at all. C) Having been unhappy during her twenties, she is now a very understanding person.



Neal : - Well, in Western-style business, we focus on the deal, the possibilities and the risks. In China, top businessmen spend a good deal of time exploring what sort of person you are. Your character is more important than what you do. A) What sort of differences?



D) She was terribly unhappy during her twenties, but she has only just realized it.



B) Have you ever done business in China?



E) She now realizes that she must come to terms with the unhappiness she faced in her twenties.



C) How does one go about making business contacts there? D) What are the advantages of doing business in China? E) Which regions of China are the best for making high profits? Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



14



A İNGİLİZCE 72. Carol : - People appreciate the extraordinary beauty of butterflies, but their colours and shapes might also be functional, mightn’t they?



74. Meghan : - Did you know that the government will reduce the amount of taxes you have to pay this year if your baby is born on or before December 31st?



Paul : - I’ve really no idea. In what way?



Anna : th - Well, mine’s due on December 27 .



Carol : - ----



Meghan : - ----



Paul : - Really? That’s interesting.



Anna : - Me too. I could really use a bit of extra money for the baby’s things.



A) This specific chapter is on the evolution of patterns on the wings of butterflies.



A) Well, I hope it’s not born after the deadline.



B) For instance, the markings that resemble eyes on butterflies may help them startle predators and then escape from them.



B) Oh no, you might miss the deadline if it’s overdue! C) How nice to have a baby born around the New Year.



C) This has to do with genetics. One should try to learn more about it. D) This book gives examples of all of this and more. E) Some dark forms of swallowtail butterflies mimic unrelated inedible species. Is that what you are referring to?



D) What does your daughter think about having a new little brother or sister? E) Well, that’s all right, then.



75. James : - Are you planning to attend any of the plays at the Shakespeare festival this year?



73. Helen : - I think forensics programmes on TV are giving a distorted view of what forensic science can or cannot do. Mark : - ----



Allie : - ---James : - One critic, Harold Bloom, says that it’s because he teaches us more about ourselves than any other writer. Allie : - That could be the reason.



Helen : - But they do. Some attorneys think that these forensics programmes can affect the jurors’ demands and decisions.



A) I’d like to, but I’m not sure I’ll have time. Why do you ask? B) No, but did you know that he wasn’t really respected by the public during his own lifetime? It was only a hundred years later that he was taken seriously.



A) I think most people are responsible enough not to be affected. B) You do? In what way? C) Do you actually watch those programmes?



C) I’m planning to see all of them. In fact, I’ve already bought a season ticket.



D) Oh, come on. People don’t take those programmes seriously!



D) Do you know, Shakespeare’s really not my favourite thing.



E) What’s on TV this evening?



E) Yes, of course. I wonder what it is that makes his plays so popular, year after year.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



15



A İNGİLİZCE 78. As we learn from the passage, occult practices in our time ----.



76. – 80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Unlike the older forms of occultism, such as magic and astrology, organized occultism is a modern phenomenon. Few of the various organized occult movements have existed for more than 150 years; some were formed as a belated countermovement to the Enlightenment, when people began to follow rational schools of thought. Today’s occult views are based on the idea that there are events within nature, as well as within one’s spiritual life, which seem mysterious and cannot be explained by science. Examples include extrasensory perceptions such as telepathy and telekinesis, and haunted places or people. Believers maintain that these phenomena stem from unknown powers that can often be accessed only by some people with special abilities.



A) are particularly widespread among people who follow rational schools of thought B) have mostly focused on the mysteries of telepathy and telekinesis C) essentially stem from the occult movements of the past D) are concerned with phenomena which are thought to be scientifically inexplicable E) seem to benefit from science in explaining natural phenomena



79. It is implied in the passage that magic and astrology ----.



76. We understand from the passage that adherents of occultism claim that certain people ----. A) have extraordinary talents that allow them to have contact with the unknown



A) have failed as occult practices in explaining extrasensory perceptions



B) practise magic and explain events by means of astrological signs



B) are forms of occultism which can be traced back into the past



C) were the pioneers of the anti-Enlightenment movements in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries



C) lost their significance with the rise of rationalism during the Enlightenment



D) can tell us what places are haunted and why



D) did not exist as occult practices prior to the Enlightenment



E) can teach others what extrasensory perceptions are



E) have always been used in order to communicate with unknown powers



77. According to the passage, some of the organized occult movements in the past came into being ----.



80. It is obvious from the passage that occultism ----. A) contributes enormously to a more comprehensive understanding of nature



A) as a result of various magical and astrological practices



B) has gained far more popularity in modern times than in the past



B) since people in the past were seriously concerned about their extrasensory perceptions



C) is an unscientific practice that doesn’t rely on rationality



C) because the public was not satisfied with scientific explanations of events in nature



D) can fully explain the spiritual side of humanity



D) due to the assumption that many phenomena in nature were related to man’s spiritual life



E) derives a great deal from magic and astrology



E) in reaction to the rational thinking style that characterized the Enlightenment



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



16



A İNGİLİZCE 83. It is pointed out in the passage that, during their travels, the professor and the Chinese couple ----.



81. – 85. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) were often harassed by the proprietors The assumption that a person’s attitudes determine his or her behaviour is deeply ingrained in Western thinking, and in many instances the assumption holds. However, research has shown that the relationship between attitudes and behaviour is complex. A classic study conducted during the 1930s was the first to question the link. A white professor travelled across the US with a young Chinese couple. At that time, there was quite strong prejudice against Asians, and there were no laws against racial discrimination. The three travellers stopped at over 200 hotels, motels and restaurants, and were served at all the restaurants and all but one of the hotels and motels without problem. Later, a letter was sent to all of the establishments visited, asking them whether or not they would accept a Chinese couple as guests. Of the 128 replies received, 92 per cent said they would not. In other words, these proprietors expressed attitudes that were much more prejudiced than their behaviour.



B) were doing research to find out whether a person’s behaviour affects his or her attitudes C) encountered discriminatory behaviour only on one occasion D) were not upset at all by the proprietors’ racist attitudes E) were extremely surprised by the proprietors’ prejudice against them



84. The point has been made in the passage that the American people ----. A) have always been remarkably hospitable to Asians visiting America



81. One understands from the passage that the link between attitudes and behaviour ----.



B) in the 1930s really did dislike Asians



A) had already been established before the 1930s



C) have waged war against racial discrimination since the 1930s



B) has always been a major topic of psychological research



D) and the Asians have always discriminated against each other



C) has aroused a great deal of controversy in the US



E) always do their best to provide comfort for their guests, no matter what their racial background



D) is an area which has been neglected and, indeed, deserves fresh study E) is not so definite as has been generally assumed 85. It is clear from the passage that the replies the professor received from the proprietors to whom he sent letters ----. 82. As one concludes from the passage, racial discrimination ----.



A) revealed a strong attitude of racial discrimination against the Chinese



A) is the way whereby the relationship between attitudes and behaviour can best be assessed



B) could not be regarded as an indication of prevalent racism in the US



B) has always been a major issue in the US and cannot be eradicated



C) were not concerned with the interrelationship between one’s attitudes and behaviour



C) was a problem of the 1930s in the US, but has now disappeared altogether



D) were confined only to a very small part of the US



D) in the US and the rest of the world can be fought most effectively through legislation



E) clearly showed why one’s attitudes determine one’s behaviour



E) was not practised by a great majority of the proprietors visited by the professor and his Chinese companions



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



17



A İNGİLİZCE 88. According to the passage, while the narrator was in New Zealand, he ----.



86. – 90. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. When you stay as a guest in someone’s house, you give up your anonymity. This becomes quite a challenge if you are the kind of person who cherishes independence. However, when you and your host are on the same wavelength, you can have a trip more special than money can buy. Some years ago when I went to Auckland, New Zealand, for the first time, my hosts were a couple, about my age, whom I had met while travelling in Europe. They had a full programme lined up for me. They drove me around and showed me their favourite hot springs and also the beach where a popular TV series had once been filmed. At mealtimes, they introduced me to their favourite restaurants, where I sampled cheeses from south New Zealand that don’t get exported, and fruits grown locally. Normally such a tight schedule would make me nervous, but I found myself happily relinquishing control to my hosts, who truly understood the pleasures of their native country and enjoyed sharing them. I couldn’t have encountered this New Zealand on my own.



A) tried to find ways whereby he could travel independently B) had the opportunity to taste the native produce unique to the country C) was frustrated with the programme prepared for him by his hosts D) was particularly attracted by the location of a popular TV series E) did not have enough money to see the other parts of the country outside Auckland



89. It is pointed out in the passage that the narrator and his hosts ----. A) knew each other before he travelled to New Zealand B) had made a long journey together across many European countries



86. As we understand from the passage, the narrator ----. A) was a person who shamelessly exploited the couple’s hospitality



C) spent a fortune to experience the pleasures of New Zealand



B) expected his hosts to meet all the expenses of his sightseeing in and around Auckland



D) were genuinely interested in sampling a large variety of New Zealand’s food and drinks



C) and his hosts had similar tastes and interests, which made his trip most enjoyable



E) were independent people who preferred to be on their own



D) was more interested in eating than visiting places E) enjoyed the beginning of the holiday but not the latter part



90. It is implied in the passage that the narrator usually likes ----.



87. It is suggested in the passage that a person with a sense of independence ----.



A) local food more than nationally popular food



A) enjoys travelling together with other people B) can make friends easily while travelling



B) to be in New Zealand rather than in Europe or anywhere else



C) soon mixes with other people



C) to follow a full programme on his travels



D) wants to be led around by friends who know the territory



D) to see his travels as a challenge



E) usually prefers to be anonymous when he or she travels



E) to travel in a relaxed and leisurely way



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



18



A İNGİLİZCE 93. We understand from the passage that Finland’s population ----.



91. – 95. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) resents outside interference in its economy In Finland now, everything is all right. Fifteen years after one of the worst recessions any European country has seen, triggered by the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Finns feel very content. Their small country of a population of 5 million is the first in the World Economic Forum’s list of the world’s most competitive countries, and the second in its business-competitiveness index. It is also the first in the OECD’s world ranking of educational performance and has the second-highest share of research-and-development spending in the European Union. Moreover, the country is reversing its demographic decline and, hence, its fertility rate is one of the highest in Europe. Perhaps best of all the Finns are facing globalization without paranoia. Theirs is one of the few European countries to have succeeded in businesses in which international prices are falling because of global competition and technological change. In most of Europe public opinion and even business élites seem gloomily resigned to being overwhelmed by India and China. Finland suggests that this fate is not inevitable.



B) is becoming one of the highest in Europe C) is an extremely competitive one when it comes to internal trade D) is now increasing due to a higher birth rate E) is not well-educated by European standards



94. We see from the passage that Finland’s economy ----. A) is by far the strongest in the world B) remains unaffected by technological change C) is still undergoing the effects of the fall of the Soviet Union D) has had a direct effect on its fertility rate



91. We learn from the passage that, in addition to Finland’s recent economic success, ----.



E) hasn’t always been stable



A) it is also a popular tourist destination B) it is resigned to being overwhelmed by India C) it also ranks very high in education D) it remains in a deep recession E) its businesses are not globally competitive 95. According to the passage, one indicator of Finland’s economic success is its ----. 92. It is clear from the passage that Finland’s previously weak economy ----.



A) experience with recession



A) was caused by the collapse of the Soviet Union



B) high ranking within the World Economic Forum



B) had no effect on the country’s standing in the World Economic Forum



C) paranoia regarding globalization D) small population



C) caused the country to spend more on research and development



E) public opinion regarding China



D) improved dramatically fifteen years ago E) became stronger after it began to reverse its demographic decline



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



19



A İNGİLİZCE 98. We understand from the passage that, when Kenneth Lay was a child, he ----.



96. – 100. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) worked as a part-time salesman together with his father



Until the giant American energy company Enron collapsed, and its director Kenneth Lay was imprisoned, his life had been a model of the American dream of rising from rags to riches on the strength of merit and hard work. His beginnings were socially and financially very modest. He was born in Tyrone, Missouri, in 1942, as the son of a preacher who was also a part-time salesman. He helped his father make ends meet by cutting grass and delivering papers. His start in the energy industry seemed similarly modest. After obtaining a doctoral degree in economics from the University of Houston, he got his start in the booming Texan oil industry. In 1985 he merged Houston Natural Gas with InterNorth of Nebraska in order to form Enron. As Enron became stronger, Mr Lay turned increasingly to politics and was one of the biggest donors to the Bush-Cheney campaign. After Mr Bush entered the White House, Mr Lay had hopes of a seat in the cabinet, perhaps as energy secretary or even at the Treasury. However, for reasons that remain unclear, Mr Bush overlooked him, so his professional life ended in frustration.



B) wanted to become a preacher like his father C) moved with his family from Tyrone, Missouri, to Houston, Texas D) contributed to his family’s income by working at part-time jobs E) dreamed of becoming an oil tycoon



99. We can infer from the passage that Kenneth Lay expected Mr Bush to offer him a high position in his administration because Mr Lay ----. A) had contributed a very large amount of money to Mr Bush’s presidential campaign B) was an important player in the Texan oil industry C) was frustrated with his political life



96. According to the passage, after Mr Bush was elected president of the US, Kenneth Lay ----.



D) had obtained a high level of education, and was therefore quite knowledgeable



A) turned increasingly to politics



E) had become very rich through his hard work



B) became involved in the Texan oil industry C) was not offered a cabinet seat D) obtained a doctoral degree from the University of Houston



100. We see from the passage that Kenneth Lay’s imprisonment was ----. A) the result of his involvement in the Bush-Cheney campaign



E) dissolved Enron, the company he had created



B) a miscarriage of justice C) due to a crime he had committed while studying at the University of Houston



97. It is clear from the passage that the giant American energy company Enron was founded through ----. A) Kenneth Lay’s increasing interest in politics



D) carried out despite the fact that he was a good friend of President Bush



B) Kenneth Lay’s dream of rising from rags to riches



E) implemented at around the same time that Enron, the company he had founded, collapsed



C) the fact that Kenneth Lay had been imprisoned D) Kenneth Lay’s modest beginnings as the son of a preacher and part-time salesman



TEST BİTTİ.



E) the merging of two companies: Houston Natural Gas and InterNorth



CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



20



KAMU PERSONELİ YABANCI DİL BİLGİSİ SEVİYE TESPİT SINAVI (KPDS) 07 MAYIS 2006



İNGİLİZCE A KİTAPÇIĞI 1.



B



26.



B



51.



B



76.



B



2.



E



27.



A



52.



B



77.



A



3.



C



28.



B



53.



E



78.



C



4.



D



29.



E



54.



B



79.



D



5.



A



30.



A



55.



E



80.



A



6.



E



31.



C



56.



A



81.



A



7.



C



32.



D



57.



D



82.



C



8.



E



33.



B



58.



B



83.



D



9.



D



34.



A



59.



C



84.



E



10.



A



35.



D



60.



D



85.



D



11.



C



36.



A



61.



B



86.



C



12.



D



37.



B



62.



E



87.



A



13.



A



38.



D



63.



C



88.



E



14.



E



39.



A



64.



D



89.



B



15.



B



40.



C



65.



A



90.



D



16.



E



41.



D



66.



E



91.



A



17.



A



42.



E



67.



B



92.



B



18.



E



43.



B



68.



C



93.



D



19.



D



44.



C



69.



E



94.



E



20.



C



45.



E



70.



B



95.



C



21.



A



46.



D



71.



C



96.



B



22.



B



47.



E



72.



A



97.



D



23.



D



48.



D



73.



E



98.



E



24.



E



49.



A



74.



C



99.



A



25.



C



50.



C



75.



D



100.



D



KAMU PERSONELİ YABANCI DİL BİLGİSİ SEVİYE TESPİT SINAVI (KPDS) 12 KASIM 2006



İNGİLİZCE A KİTAPÇIĞI 1. B



26. D



51. E



76. A



2. D



27. E



52. D



77. E



3. A



28. A



53. C



78. D



4. C



29. A



54. B



79. B



5. D



30. B



55. A



80. C



6. C



31. D



56. D



81. E



7. E



32. A



57. C



82. E



8. B



33. B



58. B



83. C



9. E



34. C



59. E



84. B



10. B



35. E



60. D



85. A



11. A



36. B



61. C



86. C



12. B



37. C



62. B



87. E



13. C



38. E



63. D



88. B



14. E



39. A



64. D



89. A



15. D



40. B



65. C



90. E



16. B



41. C



66. B



91. C



17. C



42. D



67. C



92. A



18. A



43. B



68. A



93. D



19. E



44. E



69. D



94. E



20. C



45. D



70. E



95. B



21. A



46. C



71. A



96. C



22. D



47. A



72. B



97. E



23. E



48. B



73. D



98. D



24. D



49. D



74. A



99. A



25. E



50. E



75. E



100. E



A İNGİLİZCE KPSS/1-YD-CS/2006 5. At airports, planes waste a lot of fuel and ---large amounts of exhaust as they taxi to the runway.



1. – 13. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



A) give off 1. The river Loire runs through the heart of France, and this region embodies the ---- of the French way of life. A) essence



B) approval



D) explanation



D) put away



E) take off



E) decision



B) rigid D) pleasant



C) turn on



C) conscience



6. The country’s Minister for Development couldn’t get much work done today because there were so many visitors to ----.



2. China went through a long period of ---population growth. A) delicate



B) leave off



A) come across



C) rapid



B) find out



D) leave out



E) comfortable



C) lead on



E) show around



3. Scientists and various organizations are ---working to develop vaccines for the top three killer diseases: AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis. A) socially



B) suddenly D) currently



C) recently 7. When I ---- one book I usually go straight on to the next but, with this one, I ---- time to think it over.



E) nearly



A) finish / would have needed B) had finished / would need C) have finished / needed D) will finish / need E) was finishing / had needed



4. The Central Asian region ---- buried in poverty and plagued by corruption and social inequality. A) belongs



B) remains



D) depends



C) prospers



E) maintains



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



30



A KPSS/1-YD-CS/2006 11. The children knew, only too ----, that their father was fighting overseas, and would be gone for a long time.



8. If natural selection ---- running, we ---- a lot more like apes now. A) would not have favoured / had looked



A) better



B) has not favoured / will look



B) much D) more



C) did not favour / looked



C) many E) well



D) had not favoured / would look E) does not favour / have looked



9. It ---- that, by 2050, global life expectancy ---- by another ten years.



12. Sometimes a snap decision can be ---- effective ---- one made deliberately and cautiously.



A) seemed / would have been increasing



A) more / than



B) seems / will have increased



B) either / or



D) much / as



C) has seemed / will be increasing



C) so / too



E) most / for



D) would seem / has increased E) will seem / would increase



13. You wouldn’t mind if I opened the window a little, ----?



10. New parents may be amazed when their baby, even ---- the first moments of life, lies ---- eyes wide open, seemingly examining them and other objects in the room. A) from / across



B) at / for



C) on / by



D) in / with



A) didn’t I



B) did you D) had I



C) would you



E) don’t you



E) through / of



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



31



A KPSS/1-YD-CS/2006 19. – 24. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.



14. – 18. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



19. If one end of an electrical conductor is heated while the other is kept cool, ----.



Scientists have been researching viable alternatives to petroleum ever since the “energy crisis” of the 1970s. As a result, in recent years, the world market for wind turbines (14) ---- by an average of 40 per cent annually. Last year alone, wind-power production worldwide (15) ---- by almost a third. (16) ---- wind plants you build, the cheaper and more powerful you can make them. Turbine makers now (17) ---- giant machines that once existed only in theory. Today one standard turbine can (18) ---- at least 1 megawatt of power, more than double the amount produced 20 years ago. This is enough power for as many as 800 modern households.



A) the group of scientists is developing new methods for recycling energy B) the electricity saved would be especially useful C) attaching thermoelectric devices to power plants could generate more useful power D) a small voltage is created between the two E) these thermoelectric devices will also be used alongside solar cells and in geothermal and nuclear power plants



14. A) would have grown



B) will grow



C) will have grown



D) has grown



E) would grow



15. A) decided



B) remained



D) produced



C) fluctuated



E) increased



16. A) The more



B) As much



D) As few



C) How much 20. As soon as he saw the picture ----.



E) The little



A) the trees and the flowers are so lovely B) he is impressed by the depiction of light and shade 17.



C) he realized it was a fake A) had produced



B) are producing



C) would produce



D) having produced



D) it is the portrait of a girl E) the technique couldn’t have been worse



E) would have to produce



18. A) subtract



B) allow



D) repeat



C) provide E) respect



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



32



A KPSS/1-YD-CS/2006 23. The EU has been struggling with a range of problems ----.



21. Although the new underwater glider has military uses, ----.



A) which threaten to divide its members as never before



A) there are hydraulic pumps to release water B) it could run for months without human interference



B) that no country would run a budget deficit of more than 3% of its GDP



C) it actually uses very little electricity indeed D) it will mainly be used for environmental purposes E) the buoyant design helps to make it mobile



C) since the old members will patronize and antagonize the newer, poorer ones D) even though the Dutch have traditionally been sceptical of European unity E) that the Netherlands and Spain have made significant efforts to keep within the rules



22. Conservationists are still criticizing the government of India ----.



24. ----, the cost of petrol is unlikely to fall dramatically in the near future.



A) that the tiger has become an endangered species there



A) Since house prices were falling B) While consumers will be paying much more for heating



B) if the tiger population has dropped from 40,000 to 3,700 in the course of a century



C) If the budget deficit were to increase



C) because it is not giving the tiger population sufficient protection



D) As global supplies of refined petroleum are limited



D) where there would have been a census of all the endangered species



E) Although there has been an increase in consumer spending



E) until everyone realized how accurate the census was



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



33



A KPSS/1-YD-CS/2006 27. China and India have banned the use of prenatal diagnostic techniques to learn the sex of an unborn child.



25. – 28. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz.



A) Çin ve Hindistan’da, doğum öncesi bazı tanı tekniklerinin kullanımı yasaklanınca, doğmamış çocukların cinsiyeti artık öğrenilemiyor.



25. A research report prepared by a financial firm suggests that the private sector in China accounts for no more than 30 per cent of the economy. A) Bir finans şirketinin son araştırma raporuna göre, Çin’de özel sektörün ekonomideki payı % 30’dan fazla değildir. B) Bir finans kuruluşunun raporunda belirtildiği gibi, Çin’de özel sektör, ekonominin % 30’undan fazlasını oluşturmamaktadır.



B) Çin’de ve Hindistan’da doğum öncesi tanı tekniklerini kullanmak yasak olduğundan, çocukların cinsiyeti doğumdan önce öğrenilemiyor. C) Hindistan gibi Çin’de de, çocukların cinsiyetini doğumdan önce öğrenmek için kullanılan tanı teknikleri yasaklandı. D) Çin ve Hindistan, doğmamış çocuğun cinsiyetini öğrenmek için doğum öncesi tanı tekniklerinin kullanımını yasaklamıştır.



C) Bir finans şirketinin hazırladığı araştırma raporuna göre, Çin ekonomisinin % 30’unu özel sektör oluşturuyor. D) Bir finans şirketinin yaptığı araştırma, Çin’de özel sektörün ekonomide yaklaşık % 30 payı olduğunu iddia ediyor.



E) Çin ve Hindistan, doğum öncesi tanı tekniklerini, bunların çocukların cinsiyetini öğrenmek için kullanılması nedeniyle yasakladığını ilan etti.



E) Bir finans şirketi tarafından hazırlanan araştırma raporu, Çin’de özel sektörün ekonominin % 30’undan daha fazlasını oluşturmadığını ileri sürüyor.



28. New research has revealed why the efforts to create an effective vaccine for malaria have so far failed.



26. The European Union believes that torture and illtreatment are among the most abhorrent violations of human rights and that all countries have an obligation to prohibit them unconditionally. A) Avrupa Birliği, işkence ve kötü muamelenin insan hakları ihlallerinin en nefret uyandıranları arasında yer aldığına ve tüm ülkelerin bunları kayıtsız şartsız yasaklama zorunluluğu olduğuna inanıyor. B) Avrupa Birliği’ne göre, insan hakları ihlallerinin en nefret uyandıranları işkence ve kötü muamele olduğundan, tüm ülkeler bunları kayıtsız şartsız yasaklamalıdır. C) Avrupa Birliği, insan hakları ihlallerinin en kötülerinden olan işkence ve kötü muamelenin, tüm ülkelerde kayıtsız şartsız yasaklandığına inanıyor.



A) Sıtma için etkili bir aşının neden bulunamadığı konusundaki yeni araştırmalar bugüne kadar sonuç vermemiştir. B) Yeni araştırmalar, sıtma için etkili bir aşı bulunması çabalarının neden bugüne kadar başarısız olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. C) Sıtma için etkili bir aşının bulunması amacıyla yeni araştırmalar yapılması için bugüne kadar yeterli çaba gösterilmemiştir. D) Bugüne kadarki araştırmalar, sıtma için yeni bir aşı bulunmasına yönelik çabaların etkili olmadığını ortaya koymuştur. E) Sıtma için bugüne kadar neden etkili bir aşı bulunmadığını ortaya koymak için yeni araştırmalar yapılıyor.



D) Tüm ülkelerde insan hakları ihlallerinin en nefret uyandıranları olduğuna inanılan işkence ve kötü muamele, Avrupa Birliği’ne göre kayıtsız şartsız yasaklanmalıdır. E) Avrupa Birliği, tüm ülkelerde insan hakları ihlallerinin en kötüsü olduğuna inandığı işkence ve kötü muamelenin kayıtsız şartsız yasaklanması gerektiğini açıkladı.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



34



A KPSS/1-YD-CS/2006 31. Bazı psikolojik çalışmalar, okula ilk başlayan çocukların, bir arkadaşlarıyla beraber giderlerse daha iyi uyum sağlayacaklarını öne sürmektedir.



29. – 32. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz. 29. Ortadoğu ülkeleri yeni işçileri istihdam etmek için, gelecek 20 yılda, şu andaki sayıyı ikiye katlayarak 77 milyon yeni iş yaratmak zorunda kalacak.



A) The psychological study has established that, when children start school they should go with a friend, otherwise they will have trouble in adjusting.



A) To accommodate 77 million new workers the Middle Eastern countries plan to create twice as many job openings as there are at present.



B) According to several psychological studies, children entering school for the first time need to go with a friend, then they adjust easily.



B) During the next 20 years, 77 million new jobs – twice the present number – will have to be created in the Middle Eastern countries to accommodate new workers.



C) Some psychological studies suggest that children entering school for the first time adjust better if they go with a friend.



C) The creation of 77 million jobs in the Middle East over the next 20 years, which is twice the present number, should be enough to accommodate the new workers. D) As there are going to be 77 million new workers, the Middle Eastern countries plan to double the number of job openings over the next 20 years.



D) The psychologist’s report explains why children should have a friend with them when they start school so they can settle in more easily. E) These psychological studies all demonstrate that children starting school need to have a friend with them or they have trouble settling in.



E) Middle Eastern countries will have to create 77 million new jobs – doubling the present number – over the next 20 years to accommodate new workers.



30. 2005’teki Asya tsunamisi, uluslararası yardım çabuk ve cömert olduğunda, Birleşmiş Milletler’in son derece değerli bir koordinasyon rolü oynayabileceğini gösterdi.



32. Bilimadamları, Hiroşima’ya bomba atan uçağın yok olmaktan kurtulmak için, patlamadan en az 14 km uzakta olmuş olması gerektiğini hesapladılar.



A) It was the United Nations that assumed the vital role of coordinator for the distribution of international aid that poured into Asia following the tsunami of 2005.



A) Since the aircraft that dropped the bomb on Hiroshima was unharmed by the blast it must, in the opinion of various scientists, have been more than 14 km away.



B) With the Asian tsunami of 2005 it became clear that the United Nations has an important role to play in coordinating international aid when it is speedy and generous.



B) Scientists wanted the aircraft that dropped the bomb on Hiroshima to be at a distance of at least 14 km from the explosion and so be out of danger.



C) Following the Asian tsunami of 2005, the important role of coordinating international aid which came promptly and abundantly, fell to the United Nations.



C) Scientists are of the opinion that the aircraft that dropped the bomb on Hiroshima would have been destroyed in the blast if it had been less than 14 km away.



D) The Asian tsunami of 2005 showed that the United Nations can play an invaluable coordinating role when the international aid is prompt and generous.



D) Scientists calculated that the aircraft that dropped the bomb on Hiroshima must have been at least 14 km away from the blast so as not to be destroyed.



E) The United Nations excelled in the role of coordinator for the distribution of the international aid that soon poured into Asia after the 2005 tsunami.



E) Scientists have established the fact that the aircraft that dropped the bomb on Hiroshima escaped destruction because it got a full 14 km away before the explosion occurred.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



35



A KPSS/1-YD-CS/2006 35. When the word “cyborg”, meaning part machine, part human, first appeared in the middle of the 20th century, it was only in the context of sciencefiction novels and films. Everybody knew that humans couldn’t be put under mechanical or electronic control. ----. This possibility presents some interesting questions. It also suggests some rather horrifying possibilities.



33. – 36. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz. 33. Heavily armoured and trained to advance as one giant machine, Roman legionary troops would cut to pieces any enemy not wise enough to flee. They were unstoppable in open ground even if greatly outnumbered, and no cavalry charge could break their unbroken wall of shields. ----. This was because the tactics of these enemies were the tactics of the guerrilla, for they knew that to confront the Roman legions head-on could only lead to defeat.



A) Today, however, some researchers believe that cyborgs will be possible within 50 years B) In fact, scientists have recently proved that the creation of a cyborg will remain impossible in the foreseeable future



A) War has always been asymmetrical whenever there has been a power with clear superiority



C) On the contrary, cyborgs will certainly continue to be a favourite subject of science-fiction writers



B) However, even in the best days of the empire, the Roman legions suffered defeats at the hands of much less accomplished enemies



D) In fact, humans will always remain firmly in control of their machines



C) The Romans had had the advantages of superior organization, doctrine, training and equipment for centuries



E) One example of fictional artificial intelligence is HAL, the self-determining computer in Stanley Kubrick’s film 2001: A Space Odyssey



D) The Romans tended to fight symmetrical battles only in the first encounter with each new enemy E) As they had to fight ordinary wars from time to time with the Parthians and Persians, the Romans knew both kinds of war



34. According to conventional economic thinking, Sweden is doing everything wrong. Its government consumes nearly 60 per cent of GDP, its taxes are among the highest in the world, and its labour market is deeply inflexible. ----. And yet, far from being punished for these economic “mistakes”, Sweden’s economy is booming.



36. The Spanish are known for their natural sociability and zest for living. ----. Sometimes it even seems as if they fit their work around the demands of their social life and not the other way round, as most people do. A) It is not uncommon for three generations to live together under one roof



A) Similarly, countries like Britain, Sweden and Denmark were warned that opting out of the euro would be an expensive expression of national sovereignty



B) Eating out with friends and family is an important social activity



B) Much of this suggests a new approach to globalization



C) They commonly put as much energy into enjoying life as they do into their work



C) However, the differences in efficiency between Europe and America are not immense



D) A popular saying with them is “leave it until tomorrow”



D) Over the last decade, most European countries have begun to reform their economies



E) In a crisis, it is always the family that provides assistance



E) Moreover, it provides very extensive social services



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



36



A KPSS/1-YD-CS/2006 37. – 40. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. 37. (I) In many parts of Asia, cranes are held sacred as symbols of happiness, good luck, long life and peace. (II) Although these birds are held in such esteem, they are also being destroyed. (III) In fact, cranes are among the most endangered families of birds. (IV) As many as nine of the planet’s 15 crane species are threatened with extinction because of habitat loss. (V) The image of cranes can be seen in prehistoric art, on Egyptian tombs, and on the totems of Native Americans. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



B) II



C) III



D) IV



A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



E) V



38. (I) There are a great many more senior citizens today than in the past. (II) There are also far fewer young people to support them. (III) Most people view the aging of our planet’s population negatively, believing that it could cause economic problems and social unrest. (IV) Much research is being carried on to find ways of helping people to live longer. (V) It is, however, a fact that has to be faced, and one should try to approach it in a positive way. A) I



39. (I) Wealth began to pour into Istanbul as the Ottoman State spread westwards. (II) Further, the city had an influx of skilled craftsmen from the new territories of the empire. (III) Towards the end of the 17th century the Ottomans began to lose their technological advantage over Europe. (IV) Thus, the city, which had begun to fall into disrepair with the slow decline of the Byzantine Empire, began to return to its former glory. (V) This was helped by the works of the great architect Sinan.



E) V



40. (I) In a competitive global market, all that employers can afford to care about is profit and cost. (II) Male participation in the American work force fell from 80 per cent in 1970 to 75 per cent in 2000, while female participation rose from 43 to 60 per cent. (III) One result of this is that record numbers of men are moving back in with their parents. (IV) It seems they would rather remain unemployed than pursue traditionally female jobs such as nursing or teaching, despite severe shortages in these professions. (V) The trend is much the same in Europe, where many unemployed men sit and wait for the labour market of their fathers’ and grandfathers’ time to return. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



37



A KPSS/1-YD-CS/2006 41. – 44. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz.



42. Peter : - Have you read this article? It says that two thirds of all the senior citizens who have ever lived are alive today.



41. John : - Have you heard about the apart-hotel in the Netherlands that has moveable cloth walls in the rooms?



Katie : - Yes. With the world’s large aging population, I’m surprised that so many companies still market their products to the younger generation.



Anne : - ----



Peter : - ----



John : - What a good idea.



Katie : - That’s right. In addition to being the largest market, seniors are also the richest market today.



Anne : - Yes, it really allows for a lot of flexibility. A) No, I haven’t. What do you mean by cloth walls?



A) What about the grown children of seniors? Aren’t they a large market?



B) Yes, since the walls are made of cloth, the rooms can be made larger or smaller to suit the needs.



B) I’m not. You know what a “youth culture” we have in the world these days.



C) Yes, but since the walls are made of cloth, wouldn’t that be a fire hazard?



C) But aren’t there an awful lot of rich young people around?



D) I think it’s a terrible idea. You’d be able to hear everything through the cloth walls.



D) You’re right. There’s a lot of money to be made in products tailored for older people.



E) Why do they need moveable walls in the room? You’d have to rearrange the furniture every time you moved the walls!



E) I don’t think the senior market is as large as is often suggested.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



38



A KPSS/1-YD-CS/2006 44. Amy : - There’s a saying that goes: “There’s no time like the present.” What does it mean?



43. Hannah : - ---Bob : - Yes; it also seems that if women continue to have a larger share of the labour market, it will create social problems.



Cindi : - ---Amy : - Something like: “Do it now!” or “Don’t put it off till tomorrow.”



Hannah : - Really? Like what? Bob : - Well, it says in this article that male unemployment and crime will rise, leading to over-crowded prisons and difficult family life.



Cindi : - That’s exactly right.



A) Women today are receiving a better education than they used to.



B) I’ve no idea. Forget it.



A) I presume it means the present time.



C) Don’t ask me. I never can understand proverbs.



B) It seems that women are now working outside the home more than ever before.



D) How should I know? Do your own homework. E) I’d have thought it was obvious. Make a guess.



C) It says here that in secondary schools, girls do better than boys on standardized tests in all subjects, even in maths and science. D) Women shouldn’t be willing to work for less money than men. E) I think it’s wonderful that more and more women are working in managerial positions.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



39



A KPSS/1-YD-CS/2006 46. It is clear from the passage that the writer ----.



45. – 48. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) believes that individuals with access to the new technologies must use them responsibly



Unlike 20th-century technologies like nuclear weapons, which were self-limiting because they depended on rare and expensive materials, new technologies such as genetic engineering, nanotechnology and robotics are easily within the reach of individuals or small groups. With each of these new technologies, a sequence of small, harmless advances leads to an accumulation of great power, and at the same time, great danger. Individuals with knowledge of the technologies could use them to cause great damage to the human race or to the earth. Nanotechnology, for example, could create viruses that reproduce uncontrollably and cover the planet. Intelligent robots could make copies of themselves and eventually control our civilization. Accordingly, with new technology comes the new responsibility to use it to help, rather than harm, the human race and the planet.



B) is sure that only responsible individuals have so far been allowed access to the new technologies C) is confident that individuals with access to the new technologies will definitely use them to help, rather than harm, the human race and the planet D) fears that all the individuals with access to the new technologies wish to harm the human race and the planet E) is extremely optimistic about how the new technologies will be used



47. It can be understood from the passage that 20thcentury technologies such as nuclear weapons ----. A) could easily have been controlled by a few individuals B) were easy to control due to their reliance on costly resources that are difficult to obtain C) were easy to control since only the national governments had access to them D) were controlled by the national governments of a very few countries, and thus, were unlikely to prove dangerous E) were far more likely to prove beneficial than harmful



48. It is made clear in the passage that new technologies such as genetic engineering, nanotechnology and robotics could prove dangerous ----.



45. We understand from the passage that the new technologies of the present century ----. A) are not likely to bring any benefits, not even of a temporary nature



A) even though those working on them are all fully aware of their responsibilities



B) will certainly put an end to life on the planet



B) since they are designed to harm not to help life on earth



C) pose a possible threat to society and the planet D) are largely controlled by individuals and groups that want to destroy the planet



C) as they are already showing signs of getting out of control



E) are already showing signs of controlling our civilization



D) due to their easy accessibility by individuals or small groups E) but nobody expects them to do so



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



40



A KPSS/1-YD-CS/2006 50. It is pointed out in the passage that the orangutans weren’t able to replace those that had died or been stolen because ----.



49. – 52. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) the government gave its support to the destruction of the forests



For thousands of years the wild orangutan lived in rich tropical forests. The species has no natural enemy, but in the last three decades it has been driven to extinction. The main causes for this are miners, peasants and illegal loggers who have destroyed the orangutan’s habitat on the Indonesian islands of Sumatra and Borneo. More than half of these lowland forests were cut down during President Suharto’s autocratic reign, but the change to democracy in Indonesia in the late 1990s did nothing to stop the forest clearing. In addition, illegal hunters have killed more than 1,000 orangutan mothers per year, stealing their babies to sell on the black market. Because orangutans breed slowly, they could not reproduce quickly enough to counter these threats to their existence and so they died out.



B) they could only reproduce very slowly C) the black market price for young orangutans was rising rapidly D) no one, anywhere, showed any interest in the fate of the orangutans E) illegal hunters had carried out their plan to kill all the orangutan females



51. This passage is mainly concerned with ----. A) how the wild orangutan has become extinct B) the difficult life of the miners and loggers on Sumatra and Borneo C) how the lowland forests of Sumatra and Borneo are disappearing D) former Indonesian president Suharto’s autocratic reign E) the change to democracy in Indonesia in the late 1990s



49. It is clear from the passage that despite the shift to a democratic government in Indonesia, ----. A) the practice of selling baby orangutans on the black market increased B) the orangutans there began to have a better life



52. We can understand from the passage that the primary reason for the disappearance of the orangutans is ----.



C) the illegal hunting practices of the loggers were stopped



A) illegal hunting by miners



D) the orangutans were moved to safety



B) the dictatorship of former President Suharto



E) the forests there continued to be cut down



C) the destruction of their forest habitat D) the start of democracy in Indonesia E) the fact that they have no natural enemy



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



41



A KPSS/1-YD-CS/2006 54. We understand from the passage that Branagh is of the opinion that films of Shakespeare’s plays have the advantage over stage productions ----.



53. – 56. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) because they are in a medium audiences are familiar with



If Shakespeare were alive today, he’d probably be writing movies. And Kenneth Branagh would probably direct them. Branagh is a celebrated stage actor who took his love of Shakespeare into filmmaking. Altogether, he has made six of the plays into films, starting with the award-winning Henry V in 1989. “The stories that Shakespeare writes, about kings and queens, the fates of nations and very powerful domestic dramas, are written at an intensity that can be presented in a bold and heightened way through film”, he says. “In the theatre, the words and the performances are the same, but film does it in a language people are more familiar with”. In As You Like It, the film he is working on now, Branagh transfers the action to 19th century Japan, where romance blossoms against the country’s tranquil landscapes. This new setting speaks to modern audiences because, Branagh says, the play is partly about “the idea of the simple life, that feeling of getting out of the terrible competition of city life and being somewhere quiet, meditative and transformative.”



B) since they can add more power and excitement to the background C) as the plays have constant scene changes D) but the writer of the passage disagrees with him E) especially when the aim is to modernize them



55. According to the passage, Shakespeare’s play As You Like It ----. A) established Branagh as a famous actor B) is the only Shakespearean play to be set in Japan C) is Branagh’s first attempt at filming a Shakespearean play D) is the one Branagh is presently making into a film E) is one of the less popular of Shakespeare’s comedies



56. It is clear from the passage that Branagh feels that the Japanese setting he uses for As You Like It ----.



53. It is clear that the writer of the article thinks that ----.



A) is the best of several startling innovations aimed at shocking audiences and instilling new life into a tired play



A) Shakespeare’s best play is Henry V B) Shakespeare would probably be in the film industry if he were living now



B) will not meet with much approval



C) modern audiences prefer stage productions of Shakespeare’s plays to films of them



C) would not have pleased Shakespeare at all D) adds a valuable new dimension to Shakespeare’s play



D) Branagh’s films are far too experimental E) Japan is an ideal country for filming Shakespeare’s plays



E) reflects the desire expressed in the play to escape town pressures and escape to the tranquillity of the country



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



42



A KPSS/1-YD-CS/2006 59. In the passage, several alternatives that could be used to replace fossil fuels are discussed but ----.



57. – 60. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) all of them pose health problems In recent years, scientists have come to an agreement that the Earth is warming mostly due to the emission of carbon dioxide from electrical power plants that burn coal, oil and natural gas. Discussions of alternatives to these fossil fuels generally include windmills, photovoltaics (panels which convert sunlight to electricity) and even hydrogen fuel. Although these technologies hold a great deal of promise for the long term, none of them provides an immediate solution to the problem of global warming. Even if these new technologies fulfill their potential at some time in the future, it is unclear whether they will meet the world’s energy needs. For this reason, nuclear power still remains the only really attractive alternative to fossil fuels.



B) all are rejected for one reason or another C) fossil fuels remain the best choice D) with one exception, it is not likely that they will ever be able to supply enough energy E) they all present insurmountable technological problems



57. According to the passage, nuclear power ----. A) is seen as a good alternative to fossil fuels because it could supply the world’s energy needs B) is less attractive than fossil fuels as it is the main cause of global warming C) has a great future potential for clean energy production, but is not a practical solution at present



60. We learn from the passage that one important cause of global warming is ----.



D) presently supplies the world with more than half its energy



A) the sudden growth in the world’s energy needs



E) enjoys very little favour as it is so dangerous



B) the increasing use of photovoltaics to produce electricity C) the production of electrical power from coal, oil and natural gas D) related to the closure of so many nuclear power plants



58. It is pointed out in the passage that although fossil fuels could be replaced by cleaner, safer alternatives to produce electricity ----.



E) the failure to recognize the potential of windpower



A) the price of electricity would soar B) this cannot be achieved in a short space of time C) these will certainly never be sufficient to meet the world’s energy needs D) all known possible alternatives are potentially dangerous



TEST BİTTİ.



E) none of these alternatives has as yet been tested



CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



43



KAMU PERSONEL SEÇME SINAVI/1(KPSS/1) 01 TEMMUZ 2006



İNGİLİZCE A KİTAPÇIĞI 1. A



21. D



41. B



2. C



22. C



42. D



3. D



23. A



43. B



4. B



24. D



44. E



5. A



25. E



45. C



6. E



26. A



46. A



7. C



27. D



47. B



8. D



28. B



48. D



9. B



29. E



49. E



10. D



30. D



50. B



11. E



31. C



51. A



12. A



32. D



52. C



13. C



33. B



53. B



14. D



34. E



54. A



15. E



35. A



55. D



16. A



36. C



56. E



17. B



37. E



57. A



18. C



38. D



58. B



19. D



39. C



59. D



20. C



40. A



60. C



A İNGİLİZCE 3. Parçaya göre BT-A’nın kozmetik amaçlı kullanımı nasıl başlamıştır?



1. – 5. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Deneme-yanılma yoluyla Botulinum toxin type A (BT-A) is a potent inhibitor of the neuron end plate. After intramuscular injection, BT-A is taken up selectively by neuronal cells via specific membrane-bound acceptor molecules. Intracellularly, a proteolytic subunit is cleaved off, which interferes with neuronal acetylcholine release. This results in a flaccid paralysis of the corresponding muscles that may last for several months until acetylcholine release is restored by sprouting of new nerve endings and finally regeneration of the original end plate. On the basis of this unique mechanism, BT-A has become a precise and highly effective tool for many types of therapeutic muscle denervations. Reduction of facial expression lines, originally observed as an anecdotal event after BT-A injections for blepharospasm, has opened doors to a rampantly expanding use of BT-A among dermatologists to treat wrinkles, which were formed as hyperkinetic mimic expression lines.



B) In vitro araştırmalarla C) Klinik araştırmalarla D) Anektodal olarak E) Tarihi bilgilerle



4. Parçada cilt kırışıklıkları neye bağlanmaktadır? A) Hiperkinetik ifade çizgileri B) Kaslarda asetilkolin eksikliği C) Sinirlerde asetilkolin fazlalığı D) Ciltaltı yağ dokusunun azlığı



1. Parçaya göre BT-A aşağıdakilerden hangisi üzerinde etkilidir?



E) Kasların denervasyonu



A) Nöron membranı B) Nöron aksoplazması C) Nöron uç plağı D) Kas membranı E) Kas hücre çekirdeği



5. Parçanın beşinci cümlesinde geçen “unique” sözcüğünün Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



2. Parçaya göre BT-A etki mekanizması aşağıdakilerden hangisinin engellenmesiyle gerçekleşir? A) Asetilkolinin hücre içine girmesi



A)



Farklı



B) Proteolizin başlaması



B)



Karmaşık



C) Kas membranının aktivasyonu



C)



Ayrıntılı



D) Nöronlarda elektrik deşarjı



D)



Ortak



E) Asetil kolinin salıverilmesi



E)



Kendine özgü



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



1



A İNGİLİZCE 8. Aşağıdakilerden hangisi parçada sözü edilen çalışmada incelenen değişkenlerden biridir?



6. – 10. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Babanın memnuniyet durumu Short postpartum stays are common. Current guidelines provide scant guidance on how routine follow-up of newly discharged mother-infant pairs should be performed. The aim of this study is to compare 2 short-term (within 72 hours of discharge) follow-up strategies for low-risk mother-infant pairs with postpartum length of stay (LOS) of37.5 ºC, due to resettings of the thermoregulatory center in the medulla. To detect fever, oral, rectal, tympanic membrane, and pulmonary artery measurements are more reliable than axillary temperatures. Fever is a useful marker of inflammation; usually the height of the fever reflects the severity of the inflammatory process. Anorexia, malaise, myalgias, headache, and other constitutional symptoms often occur concomitantly. When the body temperature changes rapidly, chills and sweats are also observed. Fever with night sweats is a feature of many chronic inflammatory conditions. Hyperthermia is a term for fever due to a disturbance of thermal regulatory control: excessive heat production (e.g., with vigorous exercise or as a reaction to some anesthetics), decreased dissipation (e.g., with dehydration), or loss of regulation (e.g., due to injury to the hypothalmic regulatory center). Most febrile patients have tenderness, redness, and swelling at the site of inflammation, and in this case, the cause of the fever is readily identified. In otherwise healthy individuals, fever alone is not a cause for hospitalization unless it is quite high (>39 ºC) or accompanied by shaking, chills, hypotension, a change in the sensorium, or other symptoms suggesting bacteremia.



A) Halsizlik



B) Başağrısı



C) İştahsızlık



D) Kusma E) Kas ağrısı



63. Parçada aşağıdaki ölçüm yollarından hangisinin daha az güvenilir olduğundan söz edilmektedir? A) Pulmoner



B) Rektal



C) Oral



D) Timpanik membran E) Aksiller



64. Parçaya göre, inflamasyon bölgesinde aşağıdakilerden hangisi olduğunda ateşin nedeni kolaylıkla bulunur? A) Ağrı



B) Kaşıntı



C) Solukluk



D) Kızarıklık E) Kabuklanma



61. Parçada ateş yükselmesine neden olan durumlar arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisinden söz edilmemektedir?



65. Parçada ateşin tek başına hastane bakımı gerektireceği durumlar arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi sayılmamıştır?



A) Su kaybı B) İshal



A) Tansiyonun yükselmesi



C) Ağır egzersiz



B) Ateşin 39 ºC’den yüksek olması



D) Anestetiklere tepki



C) Titreme



E) Hipotalamusta düzenleyici merkezde hasar



D) Ürperme E) Duyu değişimleri



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



13



A İNGİLİZCE 68. Parçaya göre mastositozun en nadir şekli aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



66. – 70. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Mast hücre lösemisi Mastocytosis is a interesting disease characterized by an abnormal increase in mast cells in the bone marrow, liver, spleen, lymph nodes, gastrointestinal tract, and skin. Mastocytosis may present in any age group and demonstrates a slight male predominance. The prevalence of the disease is unknown. Familial occurrence is unusual. The disease is divided into four categories on the basis of clinical presentation, pathologic findings, and prognosis. Patients in the first category have a good prognosis, whereas patients in the other three groups do poorly. Indolent mastocytosis is divided into two subgroups: those with isolated skin involvement and those with systemic disease. In most cases such patients gradually accrue more mast cells with progression of symptoms but can be managed successfully for decades using medications that provide symptomatic relief. The second most common form of mastacytosis is that associated with a hematologic disorder, in which examination of the bone marrow and peripheral blood reveals the hematologic abnormality. The prognosis in these patients is determined by the associated hematologic disorder. The third category of mast cell disease is mast cell leukemia; it is the rarest form and has the most fulminant behavior. Mast cell leukemia is distinguished by its unique pathologic and clinical picture. The peripheral blood smear shows immature mast cells.



B) Kan yapımına bağlı C) Deri ile ilişkili D) Prognozu düşük E) Birinci kategorideki



69. Parçada, mast hücreli lösemide periferik kanın incelenmesi ile gözlenen mast hücrelerinin hangi özellikte olduğundan söz edilmektedir? A) Koloni şeklinde B) Çok sayıda C) Olgunlaşmamış D) Parçalanmış



66. Parçada mastositoz ile ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmemektedir?



E) Çok büyük



A) Sıklığı bilinmiyor. B) Ailevi geçiş azdır. C) Mast hücrelerinin anormal çoğalmasıdır. D) Herhangi bir yaşta görülebilir. E) Erkeklerde nadir görülür.



70. Parçanın sekizinci cümlesinde geçen “gradually” sözcüğünün Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



67. Parçaya göre uzun zamandır kullanılan ilaçların hastalığa etkisi hangi şekildedir?



A) Belirsiz bir şekilde



A) Tedaviyi tümüyle sağlama



B) Aşamalı olarak



B) Hücre çoğalmasını durdurma



C) Zaman zaman



C) Sadece belirtilerde iyileşme



D) Azalarak



D) Erken dönemde yararlı olma



E) Kolayca



E) Yüksek dozda etkili olma



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



14



A İNGİLİZCE 72. Parçada aşağıdakilerden hangisinin septik kızılda görüldüğünden söz edilmemektedir?



71. – 75. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Üst solunum yolu tıkanıklığı During the last 30 to 40 years, outbreaks of scarlet fever in the Western world have been notably mild, and the illness has been referred to as “pharyngitis with a rash” or “benign scarlet fever”. The fatal or malignant forms of scarlet fever have been described as either septic or toxic. “Septic scarlet fever” refers to patients who develop local invasion of the soft tissues of the neck and complications such as upper airway obstruction, otitis media with perforation, meningitis, mastoiditis, invasion of the jugular vein or carotid artery, and bronchopneumonia. “Toxic scarlet fever” is rare today, but historically patients initially developed severe sore throat, marked fever, delirium, skin rash, and painful cervical lymph nodes. In severe toxic cases, fevers of 41ºC, pulses of 130 to 160 beats per minute, severe headache, delirium convulsions, little if any skin rash, and death within 24 hours were common. These cases occurred before the advent of antibiotics, antipyretics, and anticonvulsants, and sudden deaths were the result of uncontrolled seizures and hyperpyrexia. In contrast, children with septic scarlet fever had prolonged courses and ceased 2 to 3 weeks after the onset of pharyngitis. Complications of streptococcal pharyngitis and malignant forms of scarlet fever have been less common in the antibiotic era. Even before antibiotics became available, necrotizing fasciitis and myositis were not described in association with scarlet fever.



B) Ağrılı lenf düğümü C) Orta kulak iltihabı ve delinme D) Bronkopnemoni E) Menenjit



73. Parçaya göre ciddi toksik olgularda daha az görülen belirti aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Bir günde ölüm B) Boğaz ağrısı C) Taşikardi D) Belirgin ateş E) Deride kızarıklık



74. Parçaya göre, ilaç tedavilerinin bilinmediği dönemlerde septik kızıl hastalıklı çocuklarda faranjiti takiben 2-3 hafta sonra görülen durum aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



71. Parçada son yıllardaki kızıl salgınları için aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmektedir? A) Yavaş seyreden



A) Ölüm



B) Baygınlıklar



C) Hiperpreksi



D) Aşırı titreme



B) Belirgin biçimde çok



E) Kasılma



C) Oldukça zararsız D) Dikkati çekecek şekilde hafif E) Önemli oranda değişken 75. Parçanın üçüncü cümlesinde geçen “have been described” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Ayırt edilmiştir



B) Görülmüştür



C) Anlaşılmıştır



D) Bilinmiştir E) Tanımlanmıştır



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



15



A İNGİLİZCE 78. Parçaya göre, frenginin günümüzdeki durumu geçmişteki durumuyla karşılaştırıldığında aşağıdakilerden hangisi doğrudur?



76. – 80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Syphilis is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. It is usually acquired by sexual contact with another infected individual. Syphilis is remarkable among infectious diseases in its large variety of clinical presentations. It progresses, if untreated through primary, secondary, and tertiary stages. The early stages (primary and secondary) are infectious. Spontaneous healing of early lesions occurs, followed by a long latent period. In about 30 % of untreated patients, late disease of the heart, central nervous system, or other organs ultimately develops. At one time this disease was termed “the great imitator.” Although the disease is less common now than previously, it remains a great challenge to the clinician because of its protean manifestations and is of great interest to biologists as well because of the long and tenuous balance between the host and the invading spirochete.



A) Tanısı daha kolaydır. B) Daha geniş bir yaş aralığında görülür. C) Daha seyrek rastlanır. D) Daha kolay tedavi edilir. E) Klinisyen için artık güçlük oluşturmaz.



79. Parçaya göre, biyologların spirokette ilgisini çeken aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? 76. Parçada frengi, bulaşıcı hastalıklar arasında hangi yönüyle dikkate değer bulunmaktadır?



A) Konakçıyla kurduğu denge



A) Merkezi sinir sistemini etkilemesiyle



B) Çoğalma biçimi



B) Cinsel yolla bulaşmasıyla



C) Proteinlerinin çeşitliliği



C) Çok çeşitli klinik belirtileriyle



D) Tiplerinin çokluğu



D) Hızlı ilerlemesiyle



E) Yaşam döngüsü



E) Geç dönemde görülen yaralarıyla



80. Parçanın yedinci cümlesinde geçen “ultimately develops” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Birlikte görülür



77. Parçaya göre, hastalık için bir zamanlar yapılan tanımlama aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



B) Yavaşça ilerler



A) Bulaşıcı yara



C) Mutlaka oluşur



B) Gizli düşman



D) Sonunda gelişir



C) Sinsi hastalık



E) Hızla etkiler



D) Büyük darbe E) Büyük taklitçi



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



16



A İNGİLİZCE 83. Parçada, sistemik bozuklukların dil ve koku epitelindeki duyu hücre reseptörlerinin hangi özelliğini etkiliyor olabileceği söylenmektedir?



81. – 85. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. The most frequently encountered causes of loss of smell are congenital abnormalities, viral infections, head injuries that sever the neurons crossing through the cribriform plate, and normal aging. Patients can lose their sense of smell not only from chronic allergies and sinusitis but also from the nasal sprays and drops that they use to treat these conditions. The most common causes of loss of the sense of taste are viral infections and drug ingestion, particularly antirheumatic and antiproliferative drugs. Many of the systemic disorders probably have their effect by decreasing the rate of turnover of sensory receptors on the tongue and olfactory epithelia. Disturbances of smell and taste in malnourished patients may be due to specific deficiencies in vitamins and minerals, such as zinc. Viral illnesses such as influenza and viral hepatitis produce disorders of both taste and smell. Multifocal neurologic disorders such as multiple sclerosis can affect the central olfactory and gustatory pathways at multiple levels, and therefore abnormalities of taste and smell are common in such patients. Treatment of olfactory dysfunction due to nasal disease is aimed at opening the air passageways while preserving the olfactory epithelium. Intranasal steriods, antibiotics, and allergic therapies are useful in selected cases. Drugs known to affect taste or smell should be removed for a trial. Vitamin and mineral therapies are of unproven benefit.



A) Dönüşüm hızını



B) Değişim hızını



C) Sayısal oranını



D) Kimyasal yapısını



E) Duyarlılık oranını



84. Parçada vitamin ve mineral tedavisi hakkında aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmektedir? A) Kötü beslenmenin etkisini düzeltir. B) Yararı kanıtlanmamıştır. C) Deneme amacıyla uygulanmaktadır.



81. Parçada aşağıdakilerden hangisi koku duyusu kaybının en sık nedenleri arasında sayılmamıştır?



D) Aralıklı olarak uygulanmalıdır. E) Bazı durumlarda uygulanabilir.



A) Sinüzit B) Viral enfeksiyonlar C) Kafa travmaları D) Yaşlanma E) Doğuştan anomaliler



82. Parçada aşağıdakilerden hangisi hem tat hem de koku duyusunu bozacağından söz edilen etkenlerden biri değildir?



85. Parçanın sekizinci cümlesinde geçen “while preserving” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



A) Multiple skleroz



A) Sunarken



B) Açarken



B) Viral hepatit



C) Korurken



D) Düzeltirken



C) Vitamin ve mineral eksikliği



E) Etkilerken



D) Zatürre E) Kronik alerji



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



17



A İNGİLİZCE 88. Parçaya göre. radyoterapi planlandığında yeterli beslenme için ilk önce hangi yöntem kullanılır?



86. – 90. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Psikoterapi A recent unintended weight loss of 5 kg or more than 5 % of usual weight should prompt efforts to diagnose the underlying disorder or social circumstance. Weight loss alone does not distinguish the composition of tissue loss, which can range from 25 to 30 % lean tissue in semistarvation to 50 % lean tissue loss following starvation plus injury. Therefore, unintentional weight loss of more than 5 kg indicates a need for thorough nutritional assessment. Weight loss in excess of 10 % of usual weight should be considered to represent protein-energy malnutrition that will impair physiologic function, particularly muscle strength and endurance. Weight loss in excess of 20 % should be considered severe proteinenergy malnutrition that will substantially impair most organ systems. If major elective surgery is planned, such individuals would benefit from adequate feeding preoperatively. If radiotherapy is planned, adequate feeding during therapy with the use of supplemental formulas, tube feeding, or parenteral nutrition (in that order) is indicated.



B) Tüple beslenme C) Parental beslenme D) İştah açıcılar E) Ek beslenme formülleri



89. Parçanın beşinci cümlesinde geçen “will substantially impair” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Ciddi biçimde bozacak B) Sonunda etkileyecek C) Kesinlikle ulaşacak D) İlişkili bulunacak



86. Parçaya göre, istemdışı kilo kaybının altında yatan hastalığın teşhisi aşağıdakilerden hangisini gerektirir?



E) Temelden sarsacak



A) İlginin yoğunlaştırılmasını B) Çalışmaların yapılmasını C) Dikkatlice yaklaşılmasını D) Çabaların başlatılmasını E) Cevaplara ulaşılmasını



90. Parçanın altıncı cümlesindeki “such individuals” ifadesi aşağıdaki gruplardan hangisi için kullanılmıştır?



87. Parçaya göre, kas gücünü etkileyecek düzeydeki kilo kaybı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) % 5 oranında



A) Hızla kilo veren sağlıklı kişiler



B) % 10 dan çok



B) Damardan beslenmek zorunda olanlar



C) % 20 den çok



C) % 20’den fazla kilo kaybı olanlar



D) % 25-30 civarında



D) Yeterli protein alamayanlar



E) % 50 kadar



E) Beslenme bozukluğu dışındaki nedenlere bağlı olarak kilo kaybedenler



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



18



A İNGİLİZCE 93. Parçada, hastalığın tedavisiyle ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmektedir?



91. – 95. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Sadece belirtilerin düzeltilmesi, başarı olarak kabul edilmemelidir.



Alzheimer’s disease, the leading cause of senile dementia, is characterized by a selective neuronal degeneration affecting the hippocampus resulting in progressive memory loss, impairments in behavior, language and visual-spatial skills, and ultimately, death. Despite a multitude of studies aimed at forestalling the progression and onset of Alzheimer’s disease, current therapeutic management strategies for patients with Alzheimer’s disease have been limited to palliative treatment of symptoms. Unfortunately, this approach has only met with minimal success and, even with state of the art pharmaceutical intervention, continued and progressive cognitive decline in patients is inevitable. To date, the major obstacle in managing the disease and designing a rationale for therapeutic targets is our incomplete understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease.



B) Tedaviyle, sınırlı da olsa hastalığın iyileşmesi olanaklıdır. C) Mevcut tedavi yaklaşımları, belirtilerin hafifletilmesi ile sınırlıdır. D) Uygulanan tedavi yaklaşımları, eczacılığın sanatsal yönüne bir örnektir. E) Önemli olan, tedavi hedeflerini iyi saptayabilmektir.



94. Parçaya göre, çalışmaların çoğunluğunda aşağıdakilerden hangisinin amaçlandığı ileri sürülmektedir?



91. Parçada, Alzheimer hastalığıyla ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmemektedir?



A) Hastalığın başlamasının ve ilerlemesinin önlenmesi B) Patogenezin aydınlatılması



A) Yaşlılık bunamasının önde gelen nedenidir.



C) Tedavi yaklaşım stratejilerinin belirlenmesi



B) Hipokampus dışındaki diğer kortikal beyin kısımlarını etkiler.



D) Mortalite ve morbiditenin azaltılması



C) Sinir hücrelerinin dejenerasyonu ile karakterizedir.



E) Bilişsel bozukluklar arasında Alzheimer hastalığının görülme sıklığının azaltılması



D) Bilişsel bozulma ilerleyicidir. E) Konuşma yetisinin bozulmasına sebep olur.



95. Parçaya göre, bugüne kadar hastalığın yönetimindeki en önemli engel aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) İlaç çeşitliliğinin yetersiz olması



92. Parçada, Alzheimer hastalığının aşağıdakilerden hangisine yol açtığı söylenmemektedir?



B) Akla yatkın bir temel hedefin belirlenememesi



A) Ölüm



C) Tedavi etkinliğinin kanıtlanamamış olması



B) İlerleyici hafıza kaybı



D) Patogenezin tam anlaşılamamış olması



C) Görsel-uzaysal yetilerde bozulma



E) Tanı ve tedavi yöntemlerinin çok pahalı olmaları



D) İşitsel işlev kaybı E) Davranış bozukluğu



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



19



A İNGİLİZCE 98. Parçaya göre, rozeola infantumda kızamıkçıktan farklı olarak aşağıdaki özelliklerden hangisi bulunur?



96. – 100. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Laboratuarda kan bulguları farklıdır.



Because similar symptoms and rashes can occur with many other viral infections, rubella is a difficult disease to diagnose clinically except when the patient is seen during an epidemic. A history of having had rubella or rubella vaccine is unreliable; immunity should be determined by antibody testing. Particularly in its more severe forms, rubella may be confused with the mild types of scarlet fever and rubeola. Roseola infantum is distinguished by a higher fever and the appearance of the rash at the end of the febrile episode rather than at the height of the signs and symptoms. Infectious mononucleosis may have a rash but is associated with generalized lymphadenopathy and characteristic atypical lymphocytosis. Enteroviral infections accompanied by a rash can be differentiated in some instances by accompanying respiratory or gastrointestinal manifestations and the absence of retroauricular lymphadenopathy. Drug rashes may be extremely difficult to differentiate from the rash of rubella, but the characteristic enlargement of the lymph nodes strongly supports a diagnosis of rubella.



B) Döküntüler ateşli dönemden önce oluşur. C) Döküntüler bulgu ve belirtilerin en şiddetli olduğu dönemle eş zamanlıdır. D) Döküntülerin vücuttaki dağılımları farklıdır. E) Vücut sıcaklığı daha yüksektir.



99. Parçada lenf nodları ile ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmemektedir? A) İlaca bağlı döküntülerde lenf nodları büyümez. B) Döküntülü hastalıklarda lenfadenopati daima ilk bulgudur. C) Kızamıkçıkta karakteristik olarak lenf nodları büyümüştür. D) Enteroviral enfeksiyonlarda kulak arkasında lenfadenopati görülmez.



96. Parçaya göre, aşağıdaki hangi durum dışında, kızamıkçığı diğer viral hastalıklardan klinik olarak ayırt etmek zordur?



E) İnfeksiyöz mononükleozda yaygın lenfadenopati vardır.



A) Döküntü yüksek ateşe eşlik ediyorsa B) Öyküde kızamıkçık geçirildiği belirtilmişse C) Daha önce aşı yaptırılmışsa D) Çok ağır klinik tablo varlığında E) Kızamıkçık epidemisi durumunda



100. Parçada, kızamıkçık için antikor testi aşağıdaki durumlardan hangisinde önerilmektedir? A) Kızamıkçık geçirmiş olana aşı uygulandığında 97. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisi kızamıkçığın karışabileceği hastalıklar arasında sayılmamıştır? A) Kızamık



B) Önceden kızamıkçık geçirme öyküsü olmadığında C) Hamilelerde her çeşit döküntülü hastalıkta D) Hastalığa karşı bağışıklığın araştırılmasında



B) Kızıl



E) Yapılan aşının etkinliği konusunda şüpheler olduğunda



C) Su çiçeği D) İlaç döküntüleri



TEST BİTTİ.



E) İnfeksiyöz mononükleoz



CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



20



A İNGİLİZCE 3. Parçaya göre, özellikle aşağıdakilerden hangisini kapsayan teknolojilerin daha yaygın kullanımıyla, kanserlerin görülme sıklıkları daha da azaltılabilecektir?



1. – 5. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Decades of biomedical research in developed nations have resulted in many effective interventions that affect cancer incidence and mortality. Examples include hepatitis B vaccine for liver cancer, screening methods for cervical cancer, foecal occult blood test for colorectal cancer, mammography for breast cancer, and surgical prevention for those at high risk of colorectal cancers. Undoubtedly, increased coverage of the above technologies, especially those that involve early detection, would help reduce further the burden of cancers. There has, however, been less success with respect to other cancers: sputum cytology and chest radiographs for lung cancer have not been promising, and multiple chest radiographs might even be harmful; and vaccines for H.Pylori and HPV are still under investigation. The efficacy of chemotherapy and radiotherapy varies from cancer to cancer and depends on multiple technical and biological factors, such as stage of cancer.



A) Koruyucu aşıları B) Tarama programlarını C) Erken tanıyı D) Kemoterapi yöntemlerini E) Radyoterapi yöntemlerini



4. Parçada aşağıdakilerden hangisi daha az başarı nedeniyle, ümit vadetmeyen yöntemlere örnek gösterilmiştir? A) Mamografi



1. Parçaya göre, yıllardır yapılmakta olan biyomedikal araştırmalar aşağıdakilerden hangisinde gerçekleştirilmiştir?



B) Dışkıda gizli kan C) Serviks kanseri taraması



A) Gelişmekte olan ülkelerde



D) Balgam sitolojisi



B) Kanserlerin daha sık görüldüğü yaş ortalaması yüksek toplumlarda



E) Hepatit B aşısı



C) Koruyucu hekimliğin ön planda tutulduğu yerlerde D) Kanser sıklıklarının yüksek olduğu sanayileşmiş ülkelerde E) Gelişmiş milletlerde



5. Parçada aşağıdakilerden hangisinin ümit vadetmediği, hattâ zararlı olabileceği belirtilmiştir? 2. Parçaya göre, aşağıdakilerden hangisi etkili girişimlerle sıklık ve mortalite hızları değiştirilebilmiş kanser tiplerinden biri değildir?



A) Çok sayıda akciğer grafisi B) İlaç sektörünün yönlendirdiği biyomedikal araştırmalar



A) Akciğer kanseri



C) Kaynakların taramalardan çok, tedavilere yönlendirilmesi



B) Karaciğer kanseri



D) Mamografilerde yüksek doz radyasyon kullanılması



C) Serviks kanseri D) Kalın barsak, rektum kanseri



E) Radyoterapinin giderek daha yaygın kullanılması



E) Meme kanseri



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



1



A İNGİLİZCE 8. Parçaya göre, aşağıdakilerden hangisinin kadınlarda görülme sıklığı erkeklerdekinden daha azdır?



6. – 10. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Enfarktüsü takip eden ilk yılda ölüm



Research has shown that gender differences in health and disease are significant. Coronary heart disease presents in women 10 to 15 years later than it does in men. Men are more likely to present with myocardial infarction as a manifestation of the disease, but women are more likely to die within 1 year of having an initial recognized myocardial infarction. Women are more likely to have comorbidities such as congestive heart failure, hypertension and diabetes. Blood pressure is higher in men than in women of comparable ages until menopause. Then blood pressure in women increases to levels higher than those in men. Women live significantly longer after colon cancer resection than men with comparable disease. Women smokers are more likely to develop lung cancer than men, taking into account baseline exposure, body weight, and body mass index. Men and women respond differently to medications.



B) Konjestif kalp yetmezliği C) Diabetes mellitus D) Hipertansiyon E) Miyokard enfarktüsü



9. Parçaya göre, aşağıdakilerden hangisi kadınlarda menopozdan sonra erkeklere kıyasla daha yüksek düzeylere çıkar?



6. Parçaya göre, araştırmalar aşağıdaki konuların hangisindeki cinsiyet farklılıklarının önemli olduğunu ortaya koymuştur? A) Ölüm oranlarında B) İlaçların yan etkilerinde



A) Vücut kitle indeksi



B) Kan basıncı



C) Vücut ağırlığı



D) Nabız hızı



E) Solunum sıklığı



C) Belirtilerin şiddetinde D) Bağışıklık cevabında E) Hastalık ve sağlıkta



10. Parçanın yedinci cümlesinde geçen “comparable disease” ifadesi aşağıdakilerin hangisini belirtmektedir?



7. Parçaya göre, aşağıdakilerden hangisi erkeklerde kadınlardan daha erken yaşlarda görülmektedir?



A) Kolon kanseri



A) Koroner kalp hastalığı



B) Kolon kanseri



B) Hipertansiyon



C) Akciğer kanseri



D) Obezite



C) Koroner kalp hastalığı



E) Tromboembolik olaylar



D) Akciğer kanseri E) Miyokard enfarktüsü



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



2



A İNGİLİZCE 13. Parçada, rubellaya mâruz kalındığında uygulanan serolojik testlerle ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmemiştir?



11. – 15. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Kadın bağışık ise onun güvende olduğu söylenebilir.



If a pregnant woman whose immune status is unknown is exposed to rubella, an antibody test should be performed immediately. Immune women should be reassured. Susceptible pregnant women exposed to rubella should not receive vaccine because of the potential risk of transmission of vaccine virus to the foetus. Susceptible women should undergo repeat serologic testing 3-4 weeks after exposure, and, if they are still seronegative, again 6 weeks after exposure. Seroconversion on either specimen indicates infection, and the mother should be counseled about the risk of transmission to the foetus and the resulting anomalies. For the susceptible pregnant woman exposed to rubella for whom termination of pregnancy is a viable option and for whom timing permits documentation of seroconversion within the period of time when abortion is possible, immune globulin is not recommended, since it may provide an unjustified sense of security, and precludes a positive serologic diagnosis as the basis for termination of pregnancy. However, for the susceptible pregnant woman exposed to rubella for whom abortion is not an option, immunoglobulin should be administered, which reduces the attack rate but does not eliminate the risk of foetal infection. Foetal infection may occur even in the absence of clinical signs in the mother.



B) İlk test negatif ise 3-4 hafta sonra test tekrarlanmalıdır. C) Test 3.-4. haftada hâlâ negatif ise, 6. haftada bir daha tekrarlanmalıdır. D) Testlerden herhangi biri pozitif çıkarsa fetus mutlaka etkilenecek demektir. E) Serolojinin negatiften pozitife dönmesi enfeksiyona işaret eder.



14. Parçada aşağıdakilerden hangisinin gebe kadını, fetusun etkilenmeyeceği konusunda, yersiz bir güven duygusu içine sokabileceği belirtilmektedir? A) Önceden aşılanmış olmanın



11. Parçaya göre, aşağıdakilerin hangisinde derhal antikor testi yapılmalıdır?



B) Önceden hastalığı geçirmiş olduğunu hatırlamanın



A) Bağışıklık durumuna bakılmaksızın tüm erken gebeliklerde



C) İmmün globülin uygulamasının



B) Haftasına bakılmaksızın tüm gebeliklerde



D) Serolojik testlerin pozitif olmasının



C) Rubellaya mâruz kalan tüm kadınlarda



E) Serolojik testlerin negatif olmasının



D) Rubellaya mâruz kalsın ya da kalmasın gebelik öncesi tüm kadınlarda E) Bağışıklık durumu bilinmeyen ve rubellaya mâruz kalan tüm gebelerde



12. Parçada gebelere rubella aşısı uygulanması konusunda aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmiştir?



15. Parçada immün globülin uygulamasıyla ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmiştir?



A) Zaten bağışık iseler, aşı boş yere yapılmış olur.



A) Gebeliğin sonlandırılmasına gerek bırakmaz.



B) Bağışık olmayan gebelere rubella aşısı yapılırsa, potansiyel olarak virüsün fetusa geçme riski vardır.



B) Gebelik sürdürülecekse gerek yoktur.



C) Gebelikte uygulanan rubella aşısı potansiyel olarak fetusta yan etkilere yol açabilir.



D) Fetusa karşı olası virüs saldırı oranını azaltmaz.



C) Annede klinik belirtileri etkili biçimde önler.



E) Fetal enfeksiyon riskini ortadan kaldırmaz.



D) Bağışık olan gebelere uygulanan rubella aşısı hastalığın tekrar geçirilmesine yol açabilir. E) Rubellaya mâruz kalındıktan hemen sonra aşı yapılabilirse, fetusa virüs geçişi engellenebilir.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



3



A İNGİLİZCE 17. Parçaya göre, bazıları, erkeklerin vazektomiyi hangi nedenle kabul etmeyeceklerini öngörmüştür?



16. – 20. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Erkekliklerini kaybedecekleri korkusu



Vasectomy is now well-recognized worldwide as one of the safest and most effective contraceptive methods. It is estimated that more than 42 million men are currently vasectomized. Although most are concentrated in a small number of countries, the distribution of users is becoming increasingly widespread. In comparison, an estimated 150 million women have been sterilized worldwide; however, in several countries, vasectomy incidence approaches that of female sterilization. Some predicted that men would not accept the vasectomy procedure because they fear loss of masculinity or because they mistakenly equate vasectomy with castration. Men’s desire to limit family size and their concern for economic and educational advancement must outweigh their desire for more children, and their concerns about maternal morbidity and the failure of female contraceptive methods must be an overriding consideration. Most couples seeking vasectomy are dissatisfied users of other forms of contraception. To some men, condoms attenuate glans sensitivity and inhibit erection. Women using hormonal methods may have suffered from related side-effects or experienced user difficulties such as limited access to pill supplies or trained providers for implants. The risk of infection with intra-uterine devices has been a concern. Long-term complications following vasectomy, including increased risk for heart disease, testicular cancer, immune complex disorders, and erection disorders (except little evidence for a causal association between vasectomy and prostate cancer) have not been supported by long-term epidemiologic studies.



B) İşlem sırasında yanlışlıkla kastre edilecekleri korkusu C) Kadınların vazektomi ile kastrasyonun eş anlamlı olduğu yönündeki yanlış kanısı D) Vazektomi yapılanların bazılarında erkeklik kaybının görülmesi E) Üreme yetilerini geri dönüşsüz şekilde kaybedecekleri korkusu



18. Parçada, erkeklerin vazektomi lehine karar vermeleri için baskın olması gereken etkenler arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi sayılmamıştır? A) Ailenin büyüklüğünün sınırlandırılması isteği B) Ekonomik durumun ve eğitimin iyileştirilmesi kaygısı C) Çok sayıda çocuğun, aile bütçesine katkı sağlayamayacağı gerçeği D) Maternal morbidite kaygısı E) Kadınların kullandıkları kontraseptif yöntemlerin başarısız olması



19. Parçada, farklı kontraseptif yöntemlerin istenmeyen etkileri göz önüne alındığında, vazektominin seçilme nedenleri arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi belirtilmemiştir? A) Kontraseptif hapların unutulmadan kullanımındaki zorluklar B) Hormonal yöntemlerin yan etkileri



16. Parçada vazektomi ile ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmemiştir?



C) Kondomun penis duyarlılığını azaltıcı etkisi



A) Şimdilerde en güvenli ve etkili kontraseptif yöntemlerinden biridir.



D) İmplantları yerleştirecek eğitimli uygulayıcılara ulaşılamaması



B) Kullananların çoğunluğu az sayıdaki belirli ülkelerde yoğunlaşmıştır.



E) Rahim içi araç kullanımında enfeksiyon riski kaygısı



C) Kullananların dağılımı çoğalarak yaygınlaşmaktadır.



20. Parçaya göre, epidemiyolojik çalışmalar, vazektomi ile aşağıdakilerden hangisi arasında zayıf da olsa bir ilişkiyi desteklemektedir?



D) Birkaç ülkede vazektomi insidansı, kadında sterilizasyon sıklığının bile üzerine çıkmıştır.



A) Kalp hastalığı B) Prostat kanseri



E) Vazektomi yapılmış erkek sayısının 42 milyonun üzerinde olduğu tahmin edilmektedir.



C) Testis kanseri D) İmmün kompleks bozuklukları E) Sertleşme sorunları Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



4



A İNGİLİZCE 22. Parçada koruyucu antibiyotiklerle ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmemiştir?



21. – 25. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Cerrahi bölgesinde yerleşmiş bakteri sayısını azaltır.



Several interventions are of proven effectiveness in decreasing the frequency of infection after major pelvic surgery. Patients who have preexisting medical illnesses should be stabilized before surgery. Prolonged preoperative hospitalization should be avoided, so that the patient’s risk of being colonized with hospital-acquired bacteria is reduced. Compared with the patient’s endogenous bacterial flora, such organisms are more likely to be resistant to commonly used antibiotics. The physician should pay strict attention to those surgical techniques that clearly have been proven to reduce the rate of postoperative infection. Finally, patients undergoing most major pelvic surgery procedures should receive prophylactic antibiotics. Prophylactic antibiotics have three major mechanisms of action. They decrease the size of the bacterial inoculum at the surgical site. They alter the environment at the operative site to make it less hospitable to the growth of bacteria. Finally, by concentrating in white blood cells, the antibiotics also enhance the phagocytosis of pathogenic bacteria. Selected antibiotic should not be a drug used as the primary treatment for an established infection. For most patients, a single dose of antibiotics is sufficient to attain the desired therapeutic effect. In indigent patient populations with a high baseline rate of wound infection, the frequency of wound infection also is reduced. Prophylaxis usually does not influence the frequency of urinary tract infection.



B) Cerrahi bölge ortamını bakteri gelişmesine uygun olmayacak şekilde değiştirir. C) Beyaz kürelerde yoğunlaşarak bakteri fagositozunu hızlandırır. D) Tek doz kullanımı hastaların sadece bir kısmında arzu edilen etkiyi sağlar. E) Mevcut enfeksiyonun primer tedavisinde verilen antibiyotikler, profilaktik olarak kullanılmamalıdır.



23. Parçada, hangi özellikteki hasta gruplarında koruyucu antibiyotiklerin yüksek yara enfeksiyon oranlarını da azalttığı söylenmektedir? A) Yoksul B) Yaşlı C) Bağışıklık sistemleri baskılanmış D) Şişman E) Boşaltım sistemi cerrahisi geçiren



24. Parçaya göre, profilaksi genellikle aşağıdakilerden hangisinin enfeksiyonlarının önlenmesinde etkisizdir?



21. Parçada, majör pelvik cerrahi sonrası enfeksiyon sıklığını azaltan girişimler sayılırken aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmemektedir?



A) Alt solunum yolu



B) Barsaklar



C) İdrar yolları



D) Perihepatik E) Vasküler sistem



A) Mevcut tıbbî hastalıklar cerrahi öncesi dönemde kontrol altına alınmalıdır. B) Cerrahi öncesi hastanede kalış süresinin uzamasından kaçınılmalıdır.



25. Parçanın dördüncü cümlesinde geçen “such organisms” ifadesi aşağıdakilerden hangisine işaret etmektedir?



C) Cerrahi sonrası enfeksiyon hızını düşürdüğü kanıtlanmış cerrahi tekniklere bağlı kalınmalıdır.



A) Sıklıkla kullanılan antibiyotiklere dirençli bakteriler



D) Koruyucu amaçlı antibiyotik verilmelidir. E) Seçilen antibiyotiğin geniş spektrumlu olmasına dikkat edilmelidir.



B) Hastanın endojen bakteriyel florası C) Kesi yerinde yerleşmiş mikroorganizmalar D) Hastanede kazanılmış bakteriler E) Patojenik bakteriler



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



5



A İNGİLİZCE 28. Parçada, sorun çıkaran tipik ilaçlar arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi sayılmamıştır?



26. – 30. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Antihipertansifler Polypharmacy is an iatrogenic problem that affects many of the elderly. Adverse drug reactions are responsible for many of this group’s hospital admissions, and the more medications the patient is taking, the more likely is an adverse reaction. The annual check-up can be an opportunity to review continuing need for all prescription drugs, and also to ask about over-the-counter and herbal remedies that the patient may ignore mentioning. Typical problem medications are psychotropics, antihypertensives, digoxin, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and steroid preparations. The elderly woman’s diet can significantly affect her health. Nutritional status can be affected by slowing metabolic rate, loss of dentition, loss of smell and taste receptors, and the effects of poverty, isolation, and depression. The practitioner should encourage physical activity tailored to the patient’s medical problems and level of fitness. Exercise has been shown to improve cardiopulmonary and muscular fitness in the elderly and preserve functional capacity.



B) Antiinflamatuvarlar C) Psikotroplar D) Steroidler E) Antibiyotikler



29. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisi yaşlı kadınların beslenme durumlarını etkileyen faktörler arasında sayılmamıştır? A) Diş kayıpları B) Koku duyusu kaybı



26. Parçada polifarmasi ile ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmemiştir?



C) Yoksulluk



A) Çoğu hastanın hastaneye başvuru nedeni ilaç yan etkileridir.



D) Aşağılanma duygusu E) Depresyon



B) Hekimlerin sebep olduğu problemlerdir. C) Yaşlıların çoğunu etkiler. D) Ne kadar çok ilaç alınırsa, yan etki olasılığı o kadar yüksektir. E) Temel sorun yaşlıların hastaneye sık başvurmasıdır.



30. Parçada, hekimlere teşvik etmeleri önerilen fiziksel aktiviteler konusunda aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmemiştir?



27. Parçaya göre, hastanın yıllık tıbbî muayenelerde bahsetmeyi ihmal etmiş olabileceği konu aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



A) Tıbbî durumlarına uygun şekilde planlanmalıdır.



A) Kullandığı bitkisel deva yöntemleri



B) Kalp ve akciğer işlevlerini iyileştirir.



B) Kullandığı reçeteli ilaçlar



C) İşlevsel kapasiteyi korur.



C) Kullandığı ilaçların yan etkileri



D) Kasların formda kalmasını sağlar.



D) Eczaneden almayı unuttuğu reçeteli ilaçlar



E) Aşırı yapıldığında yorgunluğa yol açar.



E) Önceki muayeneden bu yana yeni ortaya çıkan şikayetleri



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



6



A İNGİLİZCE 33. Parçaya göre, glikoprotein uzantılar aşağıdakilerin hangisinden çıkmaktadır?



31. – 35. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Mumps is an acute systemic viral infection that is usually self-limited, occurs most commonly in schoolaged children, and is clinically characterized by nonsuppurative parotitis. Mumps virus is classified as a member of the Paramyxovirus family. Mumps virions are pleomorphic, roughly spherical, enveloped particles with an average diametre of 200 nm. Glycoprotein spikes project from the surface of the envelope, which encloses a helical nucleocapsid composed of nucleoproteins and linear, nonsegmented, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA. Humans are the only natural hosts for mumps virus, although infection can be induced experimentally in a variety of mammalian species. In vitro, mumps virus can be cultured in many mammalian cell lines and in embryonated hens’ eggs. In unvaccinated urban populations, mumps is a disease of school-aged children, and >90% will have mumps antibodies by age 15.



A) Zarfsız bölgeler



B) Nukleusun yüzeyi



C) Nukleusun içi



D) Zarfın yüzeyi



E) RNA



34. Parçaya göre, kabakulak virüsünün doğal konağı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



31. Parçada kabakulak hastalığının özellikleri arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi sayılmamıştır? A) Akut



A) Memeli hayvanlar



B) Bebeklerde görülen



B) İnsanlar



C) Viral



C) Otobur hayvanlar



D) Sistemik



D) Etobur hayvanlar



E) Genellikle kendi kendini sınırlayan



E) Yumurta ile üreyen hayvanlar



35. Parçaya göre, % 90’ından fazlasında antikor bulunan grup aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



32. Parçaya göre, aşağıdakilerden hangisi kabakulak virüsünün bir özelliğidir? A) Kapsülsüz



A) Evde büyümüş olan ilkokul çocukları



B) Çubuksu



B) Aşılanmamış erişkinler



C) Değişik şekillerde görünen



C) 15 yaşa kadar olan aşılanmamış kişiler



D) Kıvrımsız



D) Hastalık geçirmiş erişkinler



E) Hızla çoğalan



E) Hastalık geçirmemiş toplumun tümü



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



7



A İNGİLİZCE 38. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisinin kan damarı içerdiği belirtilmektedir?



36. – 40. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Derinin The subcutaneous tissue is a fibrofatty layer spread between skin and muscles. It functions not only as a thermal and mechanical insulator but also as an active metabolic organ. The characteristic “signet ring” lipocytes are organized into lobules by fibrous septa, which are continuous with the dermis and contain the blood and lymph vessels and reticuloendothelial cells. The diagnosis of panniculitis frequently requires deep skin biopsy. The most important histologic characteristic is the location of the inflammatory process. Inflammation primarily in the septa is designated septal panniculitis, whereas inflammation primarily of the fat lobules is called lobular panniculitis. The presence or absence of vasculitis further differentiates panniculitis into four major groups.



B) Lenfatik sistemin C) Retiküloendotelyal hücrelerin D) Fibröz septaların E) Kasların



39. Parçaya göre, panikülit tanısı genellikle aşağıdakilerden hangisiyle konur?



36. Parçada “fibröz yağlı tabaka” olarak nitelenen aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Yağ hücreleri



B) Deri



C) Kas



D) Damar duvarı



A) Ciltten sürüntü alınmasıyla B) Ciltten parça alınmasıyla C) Cilt kültürüyle



E) Cilt altı dokusu



D) Palpasyonla E) Aspirasyonla



37. Parçaya göre, aşağıdakilerden hangisi cilt altı yağ dokusunun görevlerinden biridir?



40. Parçaya göre, panikülit tiplerinin ayrımını sağlayan bulgu aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



A) Rahat hareket etmeyi sağlaması



A) Yağ dokusunda artış



B) Terlemeyi önlemesi



B) Septal tutulum



C) Çarpmalara karşı koruması



C) Lobüler tutulum



D) Kan dolaşımını sağlaması



D) Damar iltihabı



E) Hastalıklara karşı koruması



E) Yağ dokusunda sertleşme



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



8



A İNGİLİZCE 43. Parçaya göre, aşağıdakilerden hangisi sözü edilen hastalığa “iyi huylu” denmesiyle çelişen durumlardan biridir?



41. – 45. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Hastaların yazı yazmalarına engel olması



Essential tremor is the most common type of tremor encountered in developed countries. The tremor is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern with high penetrance. Affected patients lack the hypokinetic features and rigidity of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Essential tremor typically produces flexion-extension oscillation of the hands at the wrists or adductionabduction movements of the fingers when arms are outstretched in front of the body. Although frequently referred to as “benign essential tremor”, it may be partially disabling, often causing spilling of liquids and interfering with handwriting. Essential tremor also frequently involves the head and voice, which helps to differentiate it from parkinsonian tremor. Another useful distinguishing feature is the occurrence of essential tremor during maintenance of posture; parkinsonian tremor is usually present when the affected body part is at relative rest. Parkinsonian patients, however, often exhibit postural tremor, and patients with essential tremor may have tremor at rest, suggesting an overlap between PD and essential tremor. Nearly half of all patients with essential tremor show evidence of an associated dystonia.



B) Hastaların uzun süre ayakta kalmalarına engel olması C) Baş hareketlerini de etkilemesi D) Konuşmayı etkilemesi E) Parkinsona dönüşmesi



44. Parçaya göre, esansiyel tremorun parkinsondan ayırt edici özelliği aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Postürün sabit tutulması hâlinde tremorun durması B) Sıklıkla başı ve sesi etkilemesi C) Tremorun heyecanla artması



41. Parçaya göre, tremor hangi tip kalıtım gösterir?



D) Dikkat edilirse tremorun azalması



A) Otozomal resesif



E) Yorgunlukla tremorun artması



B) Otozomal dominant C) X’e bağlı resesif D) X’e bağlı dominant E) Mendelyan



42. Parçada esansiyel tremorun özellikleri arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi sayılmamıştır?



45. Parçaya göre, hastaların yaklaşık yarısında olan ek durum aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



A) Fleksiyon-ekstansiyon osilasyonun olması B) Hipokinetik becerilerin olmaması C) Kolların öne uzatılamaması



A) Duruş bozukluğu



B) Ses kısıklığı



C) Tonus bozukluğu



D) Parkinson hastalığı



E) Titreme



D) Addüksiyon-abdüksiyon hareketlerin olması E) Parkinson tipi rijiditenin olmaması



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



9



A İNGİLİZCE 48. Parçada sözü edilen on olgunun incelendiği çalışmada en fazla görülen tümör tipi aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



46. – 50. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Hodgkin



Neuroendocrine tumours of the thymus are rare, histologically diverse neoplasms with an unpredictable clinical behaviour. Ten neuroendocrine tumours of the thymus were analyzed in a study for specific clinical and pathological features. Prognostic factors of these cases and 71 previously published cases were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox multivariate hazard model. There were 7 males and 3 females, with ages ranging from 26 to 77 years. Cases were classified as carcinoid tumour (2), atypical carcinoid tumour (6), and small cell carcinoma (2). An advanced clinical stage was evident in all instances with frequent recurrence (4) and metastases (8), and a short disease-free survival. Overall mortality was 60%. Statistical analysis of current and previously published cases revealed that unresectability, extent of surgical resection, and advanced clinical stage at presentation were associated with higher mortality. By multivariate Cox regression analysis, advanced clinical stage was associated with decreased survival.



B) Sarkoma C) Lenfoma D) Atipik karsinoid tümör E) Miyelom



49. Parçaya göre, aşağıdakilerden hangisi timusun nöro-endokrin tümörlerinin mortalitesinin yüksek olmasıyla ilişkilidir? A) Damarlı olması B) Çevreye yapışık olması



46. Parçaya göre, aşağıdakilerden hangisi timusun nöro-endokrin tümörlerinin özelliklerinden biridir?



C) Geniş rezeksiyon gerektirmesi



A) Genellikle iyi huylu olması



D) Metastatik olması



B) Histolojik yapılarının iyi bilinmemesi



E) Hızlı ilerlemesi



C) Giderek daha sık görülmesi D) Her zaman kötü huylu olması E) Klinik davranışının öngörülememesi



50. Parçaya göre, timusun nöro-endokrin tümörlerinde, hayatta kalmadaki azalma aşağıdakilerden hangisiyle ilişkili bulunmuştur? A) Hızlı metastaz yapmış olması



47. Parçada sözü edilen çalışmada önceden yayımlanmış olanlar dahil toplam kaç olgu prognoz açısından değerlendirilmiştir? A) 81



B) 77



C) 71



D) 61



B) İlerlemiş klinik evrede olması C) Uzak metastaz yapmış olması



E) 10



D) Tekrarlama riskinin yüksekliği E) Kötü huylu olması



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



10



A İNGİLİZCE 53. Parçaya göre, deney yapılan hayvanlara kontrol amacıyla verilen madde aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



51. – 55. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Ischemia-reperfusion injury of the lung frequently occurs after cardiopulmonary bypass, after pulmonary thromboendarterectomy, and especially after lung transplantation. Heparin is known to be protective in ischemia-reperfusion injury, but the risk for bleeding disorders may restrict its use in a variety of diseased conditions. Therefore, researchers tested the efficiency of nonanticoagulant N-acetyl heparin to protect from post-ischemic reperfusion injury of the lung. Pentobarbital-aneshetized, mechanically ventilated Lewis rats were heparinized (100IU/kg) before insertion of catheters. Additionally, animals received either heparin, NA heparin; or saline (control) before ischemia.



51. Parçaya göre, akciğerin iskemi-reperfüzyon hasarı özellikle aşağıdakilerden hangisini takiben olmaktadır? A) Karotis endarterektomi



A) N-asetil heparin



B) Heparin



C) Tuzlu su



D) Pentobarbital E) Oksijen



54. Parçanın ikinci cümlesinde geçen “its” adılı aşağıdakilerden hangisinin yerine kullanılmıştır? A) Hastalık durumları B) İskemi-perfüzyon süreci



B) Kardiopulmoner bypass



C) Kanama bozukluğu



C) Pulmoner trombo endarterektomi



D) Heparin



D) Ventriküler bypass



E) Akciğer



E) Akciğer nakli



52. Parçaya göre, heparinin özelliklerinden biri aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



55. Parçanın üçüncü cümlesinde geçen “Therefore” sözcüğünün Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



A) Kanama bozukluğuna yol açabilmesi



A) Neyse ki



B) Bu yüzden



B) Kasa verilebilmesi



C) Zaten



D) Oysa E) Buna rağmen



C) Ağızdan kullanılması D) Vücut dokularında birikmesi E) Kan basıncını yükseltmesi



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



11



A İNGİLİZCE 58. Parçaya göre, yapılan çalışmada kitlenin hangi özelliği ek olarak değerlendirilmiştir?



56. – 60. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. The purpose of this study was to assess whether the descriptive terminology and final assessment categories of the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) lexicon can be used for breast carcinomas detected on MR imaging and to assess the inter- and intraobserver variabilities in the use of the descriptors and final assessment categories. In 82 patients, 101 masses, including 68 infiltrating carcinomas and 33 benign lesions, were interpreted independently by four radiologists and described by BI-RADS terminology with respect to mass shape and margin and BI-RADS final assesment categories. The enhancement pattern of the mass was also reported. In addition, two radiologists interpreted each case twice to evaluate interobserver variability. The final case set for analysis was the 68 infiltrating carcinomas. Most of the infiltrating carcinomas were described as irregular, speculated, and heterogeneously enhancing masses. The final impression of the 68 carcinomas was BI-RADS category 5 (highly suggestive of malignancy) in 41 (61%), category 4 (suspicious abnormality) in 24 (35%), and category 3 (probably benign) in three (4%).



A) İlaçla yoğunluk biçimi



B) Damarlanma tarzı



C) Yoğunluk biçimi



D) Boyanma tarzı



E) Boyanma süresi



59. Parçada sözü edilen çalışmada gözlemciler arası farklılık hangi yöntemle değerlendirilmiştir? A) Her olgu iki radyolog tarafından bir defa değerlendirilmiştir. B) Dört radyolog her olguyu iki kez değerlendirmiştir. C) İki radyolog her olguyu dört kez değerlendirmiştir. D) Her radyolog her olguyu bir kez değerlendirmiştir. E) İki radyolog her olguyu iki kez değerlendirmiştir.



56. Parçada sözü edilen çalışmaya kaç iyi huylu lezyon alınmıştır? A) 33



B) 68



C) 82



D) 101



E) 169



57. Parçada sözü edilen çalışmada, meme dokusunda kitle hangi açılardan değerlendirilmiştir?



60. Parçaya göre, BI-RADS sınıflamasına göre, kaç numaralı kategori en sık görülmüştür?



A) Büyüklük ve şekil



A) 5



B) 4



C) 3



D) 2



E) 1



B) Şekil ve sınır C) Yapı ve sınır D) Yapı ve büyüklük E) Sınır ve büyüklük



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



12



A İNGİLİZCE 63. Parçaya göre, virüsler hangi yolla enfeksiyon yaratmaktadır?



61. – 65. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Yetersiz diyetle aktive olarak The common cold, also known as upper respiratory infection (URI) or acute coryza, is an acute, selflimited illness caused by a virus. Nasal symptoms including rhinorrhea is invariably present; sore/scratchy throat and/or cough may be present. Many myths surround the source of the virus causing colds. There are no normal viral flora of the respiratory tract in humans (one possible exception is human herpesvirus type 6 in saliva). In sharp contrast, luxuriant normal bacterial flora occur in the upper respiratory tract and mouth. Because viruses are not part of normal flora, the viruses that cause colds are not present in the host ready to be activated because “resistance” has been lowered by chilling, loss of sleep, or bad diet. Instead, the virus must be passed from another human in order to produce the cold. Colds are common because the viruses with few serotypes reinfect many times, and the viruses that infect an individual only once have multiple serotypes. Rhinoviruses cause 30 to 50% of colds in adults, and coronaviruses are responsible for 10 to 15%. Each of the other virus groups cause 50% of the gland. The development of pancreatic necrosis is associated with infection, organ failure and death. Although the exact mechanisms that trigger the inflammatory aspect of pancreatitis are not completely understood, activation of neutrophils and lymphocytes has been recognized as an important pathogenic factor. Several methods for estimating the prognosis of acute pancreatitis and its complications are in widespread clinical use today and include the Atlanta classification, Imrie and Ranson scores, the Balthazar computed tomographic scoring system, and C-reactive protein. However, these methods have little value in predicting which patients will develop pancreatic infection. Currently, guided fine needle aspiration is the only invasive means of early and accurate diagnosis of infected necrosis. As with sepsis, evidence is mounting that local production of the proinflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 may play a central role in acute pancreatitis and may mediate the systemic response with increased soluble IL-2 receptor antagonist and neopterin seen in clinical studies.



B) Tomografi C) C-reaktif protein D) Atlanta sınıflandırması E) Derecelendirme sistemleri



54. Parçada aşağıdakilerden hangisinin akut pankreatitte merkezi rolü olduğundan söz edilmektedir? A) Lenfositlerin B) IL-2 reseptör antagonistinin C) Neopterinin D) Nötrofillerin



51. Parçada tümüyle anlaşılamadığından söz edilen tetikleyici mekanizmalar pankreatitin hangi özelliğiyle ilgilidir?



E) Yangı öncesi sitokinlerin



A) Patojenik B) Organ yetmezliklerine yol açan C) Bağışıklıkla ilişkili D) Prognozu etkileyen E) Yangı ile ilişkili 55. Parçanın son cümlesinde geçen “evidence is mounting” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? 52. Parçada sözü edilen yöntemlerin değerinin hangi açıdan az olduğu söylenmektedir?



A) Nedenler ortaya çıkıyor B) Bulgular belirmeye başlıyor



A) Sepsisi engelleme B) Pankreasın nekrotik bölümünün oranını saptama



C) Kanıtlar artıyor D) Belirtiler saptanıyor



C) Pankreatite yol açan etkenleri gösterme



E) Etkenler belirginleşiyor



D) Pankreatik enfeksiyon geliştirecek hastaları belirleme E) Pankreatitte prognozu öngörme



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



11



A İNGİLİZCE 58. Parçada, sözü edilen çalışma nasıl nitelendirilmektedir?



56. – 60. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Kapsamlı Streptococci are gram-positive globular or coccoid bacteria that grow in chains. Streptococci colonize the mucous membranes of animals, produce catalase, and may be aerobic, anaerobic or facultative. Streptococci require complex media containing blood products for optimal growth. On blood agar plates, streptococci may cause complete (β), incomplete (α) or no hemolysis (γ). The comprehensive work of Rebecca Lancefield has allowed hemolytic streptococci to be classified into types A through O based on acid-extractable antigens of cell wall material. Availability of rapid latex agglutination kits provides even small clinical laboratories with the means to identify streptococci according to Lancefield group. Bacitracin susceptibility, bile esculin hydrolysis, and the CAMP test are useful presumptive tests for classifying groups A, D or B streptococci, respectively. Modern schemes of classification of hemolytic and nonhemolytic streptococci use complex biochemical and genetic techniques.



B) Farklı



D) Başarılı



C) Karmaşık E) Yararlı



59. Parçada hemolitik streptokokların aşağıdakilerden hangisindeki antijenlerine göre sınıflandırıldıklarından söz edilmektedir? A) Ortamdaki



B) Hücre zarındaki



C) Salgıdaki



D) Hücre duvarındaki E) Stoplazmadaki



56. Parçada streptokoklar ile ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmemektedir? A) Oksijensiz ortamda yaşayamazlar. B) Gram pozitiftirler. C) Kataloz üretirler. D) Agarda hemoliz oluşturmalarına göre üç tiptirler. E) Kan ürünleri içeren ortamlarda daha iyi ürerler.



60. Parçaya göre, karmaşık biyokimyasal ve genetik teknikler streptokokların aşağıdaki hangi özelliğine göre sınıflanmasında kullanılmaktadır? A) Gram pozitif/negatif B) Aerobik/anaerobik



57. Parçaya göre, streptokoklar nasıl çoğalmaktadır?



C) Aglutine olan/olmayan



A) Küreler oluşturarak



D) Tip A/D/B



B) Zincir şeklinde



E) Hemolitik/nonhemolitik



C) Çembersel koloniler geliştirerek D) Asit üreterek E) Oksijen kullanarak



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



12



A İNGİLİZCE 62. Parçaya göre, primer genital herpes hastalarından ne kadarı menenjit belirtisi göstermektdir?



61. – 65. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Genital herpes, most often caused by HSV-2, may be complicated by local or radicular pain, aseptic meningitis, autonomic (bowel, bladder and sexual) dysfunction, and, rarely, myelitis. These complications are more common in association with primary genital herpes but may occur with recurrent disease as well. Prodromal neuritic symptoms commonly precede recurrences and may involve the buttock, the groin, or, less commonly, the lower extremities. Aseptic meningitis and autonomic dysfunction may occur either independently or together. Meningitic symptoms are associated with primary genital herpes in about one fourth of patients, but only a minority require hospitalization. Its course is benign, usually clearing in 4 to 10 days without residua. The CSF profile is typical of an aseptic meningitis, with a mononuclear pleocytosis, mild protein elevation, and normal, or occasionally reduced, glucose level. When the history clearly implicates an epidemiologic and temporal relationship with genital herpes and the CSF findings are those of a typical mononuclear profile, a clinical diagnosis can usually be made. Specific diagnosis can often be established by isolation of HSV-2 at lumbar puncture. Urinary retention, constipation and sexual impotence in association with genital herpes are less common than meningitis. Symptoms and signs of a sacral sensory radiculopathy sometimes accompany the autonomic changes. The pathophysiology of this disorder is uncertain, but direct herpetic infection of nervous system structures is likely. Fortunately, autonomic dysfunction is reversible, and patients can be assured that their symptoms will probably clear.



A) Çok azı



B) Yarısı



C) Yüzde dördü



D) Dörtte biri E) Çoğu



63. Parçada beyin omurilik sıvısıyla ilgili aşağıdaki bulgulardan hangisinin ara sıra görüldüğünden söz edilmektedir? A) Mononükleer hücre artışı B) Protein artışı C) Glukoz azalması D) Normal glukoz düzeyi E) HSV-2



64. Parçada hastaların hangi konuda rahat olmaları gerektiği söylenmektedir? A) Enfeksiyonların kısa süreli olduğu B) Belirtilerin büyük bir olasılıkla yok olacağı C) Herpetik lezyonların yok olacağı D) Genital herpesin sinir sistemini etkilemeyeceği E) Menenjit belirtilerinin her zaman çıkmayabileceği



61. Parçada genital herpesin aşağıdaki komplikasyonlarından hangisinin nadir olarak görüldüğü belirtilmektedir? A) Aseptik menenjit B) Miyelit C) Bölgesel ağrı



65. Parçanın sekizinci cümlesinde geçen “clearly” sözcüğünün Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



D) Sempatik sistem bozukluğu E) Cinsel işlev bozukluğu



A) Açıkça



B) Kısaca



D) Tam olarak



C) Özellikle



E) Kesin olarak



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



13



A İNGİLİZCE 68. Aşağıdakilerden hangisi, parçada sözü edilen hastanın ekokardiyografisinde saptandığı belirtilen durumlardan birisidir?



66. – 70. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Absence of one papillary muscle for the mitral valve is rare. In patients with this condition, all of the chordae tendineae are usually inserted into a single papillary muscle, i.e., the so-called parachute mitral valve. The absence of one papillary muscle with normal positioning of the other is a different, but rare, mitral deformity. A 21-year-old woman had a ventricular septal defect (with spontaneous closure) and mitral regurgitation as a child. She was referred to hospital for detailed examination. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography showed massive anterolateral mitral regurgitation. The posteromedial papillary muscle was positioned normally and controlled the posteromedial half of both leaflets. Protrusions on the anterolateral ventricular wall were not a papillary muscle and became indistinct during scanning, particularly during diastole. The corresponding half of the anterior leaflet prolapsed heavily, and no chordae were visible. Cardiac catheterization showed severe grade 4 mitral regurgitation with normal left ventricular function. Although the patient was asymptomatic, she had an operation because of the severity of regurgitation and because she hoped to become pregnant later.



A) Anterolateral mitral regürjitasyon B) Anormal yerleşimli posteromedial papiller adale C) Posteromedial kontrollü papiller adale kısalığı D) Anterolateral ventriküler duvar inceliği E) Papiller adalelerde gevşeklik



69. Parçaya göre, kardiak kateterizasyonda “normal” olarak saptanan durum aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Diastolde mitral kapak hareketi B) Sol ventrikül ön duvar kalınlığı C) Ventriküler septum işlevi D) Sol ventrikül işlevi E) Sistolde mitral kapak işlevi



66. Parçaya göre, aşağıdaki durumlardan hangisi “paraşüt mitral kapak” olarak adlandırılmaktadır? A) Papiller kas zayıflığı B) Korda tendinea eksikliği C) Papiller kas hipertrofisi D) Normal bağlanımlı korda tendinea fazlalığı E) Anormal bağlanımlı papiller kas eksikliği



70. Parçada sözü edilen hastanın ameliyata alınmasının bir nedeni aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) İleride belirtilerinin başlayacak olması 67. Parçada sözü edilen kadın hastanın kendiliğinden düzelmiş olan sorunu aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Posteromedial papiller kasın yerleşimi



B) Hamile kalmayı planlaması C) Ventriküler septal defektinin olması D) Genç olması



B) Anterolateral mitral regürjitasyon



E) Çocukluğundan beri kalp hastalığının olması



C) Ventriküler septal defekt D) Mitral kapak yetmezliği E) Mitral kord defekti



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



14



A İNGİLİZCE 73. Parçada sözü edilen hastada yumuşak devamlı üfürümün nerede işitildiği belirtilmiştir?



71. – 75. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Sağ kolda Coarctation of the aorta typically occurs in the area distal to the left subclavian artery near the insertion of the ligamentum arteriosum. However, researchers have observed an unusual form of coarctation of the distal thoracic aorta just above the diaphragm in an infant. The unique challenges of this complex vascular anatomy are discussed. A 6-week-old female infant underwent evaluation due to the presence of a heart murmur, hypertension, and signs of congestive failure. On examination the blood pressure in the right arm was 105/43 mm Hg and 66/23 mm Hg in the right leg. Femoral pulses were present but weak. There was a grade III/VI blowing systolic murmur of mitral regurgitation at the apex and a soft continuous murmur over the back. Echocardiography demonstrated a large patent ductus arteriosus and a discrete juxta-ductal infolding suggestive of coarctation of the aorta. A 36 mm Hg peak instantaneous pressure gradient was predicted. The distal thoracic aorta was not visualized. The abdominal aorta was fully delineated and revealed a low velocity, poorly pulsatile flow pattern.



B) Apekste



D) Sırtta



C) Femoral arterde



E) Karında



74. Parçada sözü edilen hastada aort koarktasyon düşündüren bulgu aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Zayıf ama mevcut femoral nabız B) Belirsiz jukstaduktal içe katlanma ve geniş patent duktus arteriozus C) III/VI derecesinde sistolik üfürüm



71. Parçaya göre, aort koarktasyonu tipik olarak nerede meydana gelmektedir?



D) Kan basıncının sağ kolda 105/43 mmHg olması E) Kan basıncının sağ bacakta 66/23 mmHg olması



A) İki subklaviyan arterin ortasında B) Ligamentum arteriozumun distalinde C) Sol subklaviyan arterin distalinde D) Sol karotis arterin yakınında E) Sol ventrikülerin yakınında



75. Parçada sözü edilen hastanın ekokardiyografisinde görülmediği belirtilen bulgu aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Distal torasik aorta



72. Parçada sözü edilen hastanın özellikleri arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi sayılmamıştır?



B) Abdominal aorta



A) Altı haftalıktır.



C) Patent duktus arteriozus



B) Taşikardisi vardır.



D) Mitral yetmezlik



C) Cinsiyeti kızdır.



E) Ventriküler septal defekt



D) Hipertansiyonu vardır. E) Konjestif kalp yetmezliği vardır.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



15



A İNGİLİZCE 78. Parçada eritrazmanın başlangıçta oluşturduğu lezyon nasıl tanımlanmaktadır?



76. – 80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Erythrasma is infection of the top layers of the skin caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium minutissimum. Erythrasma affects mostly adults, especially those with diabetes; it is rarely seen in the tropics. Erythrasma often appears in areas where skin touches skin, such as under the breasts and in the armpits, webs of the toes, and genital area – especially in men, where the thighs touch the scrotum. The infection can produce irregularly shaped pink patches that may later turn into fine brown scales. In some people, the infection spreads to the torso and anal area. Although erythrasma may be confused with a fungal infection, doctors can easily diagnose erythrasma because skin infected with Corynebacterium glows coral red under an ultraviolet light. An oral antibiotic, such as erythromycin or tetracycline, can eliminate the infection. Antibacterial soaps, such as chlorhexidine, may also help. Topical drugs such as clindamycin and miconazole cream are also effective. Erythrasma may recur in 6 to 12 months, necessitating a second treatment.



A) Kırmızı, düzenli



B) Kahverengi, düzensiz



C) Kahverengi, kabarık



D) Kırmızı, çukur



E) Pembe, düzensiz



79. Parçada eritrazmanın ayırıcı tanısıyla ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmektedir? A) Lokalizasyonu ile ultraviyole yanığından ayrılır. B) Viral enfeksiyonlardan ayırt etmek için ultraviyole ışığı kullanılır. C) Bakteriyel enfeksiyonlardan mercan kırmızısı rengi ile ayrılır.



76. Parçaya göre, eritrazma özellikle aşağıdaki gruplardan hangisini etkilemektedir? A) Diyabetli erişkinler



D) Mantar enfeksiyonlarından ayırt etmek için ultraviyole ışığı kullanılır.



B) Tropikal bölgelerde yaşayanlar



E) Alerjik lezyonlardan kolayca ayırt edilebilir.



C) Ciltleri hassas çocuklar D) Cildinde hastalık olanlar E) Beslenme bozukluğu olan çocuklar



80. Parçada eritrazmanın tedavisiyle ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmektedir? 77. Parçada eritrazmanın sık görüldüğü vücut bölgeleri arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi sayılmamıştır?



A) Nüks ederse tedavi değiştirilmelidir. B) Antibakteriyel sabunlar nüksü önler.



A) Ayak parmak araları



C) Bölgesel ilaçlar nükse yol açar.



B) Memelerin altı C) Koltuk altları



D) Nüksü önlemek için tedaviyi 6-12 ay sürdürmek gerekir.



D) Kulak arkası



E) Ağızdan antibiyotikler etkilidir.



E) Skrotumun bacaklara değdiği yer



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



16



A İNGİLİZCE 83. Parçaya göre, korneanın bankalarda en az 10-12 gün geçirmesi aşağıdakilerden hangisi için gerekmektedir?



81. – 85. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Corneal storage in organ culture is the most common preservation technique in Europe. Compared with storage at +4ºC, it allows better detection of pregraft microbiological contaminations, as well extended storage time. Organ culture was originally introduced in order to extend cornea storage time to more than 10-14 days, a duration beyond which +4ºC techniques no longer ensure the viability of endothelial cells. However, owing to the high temperature involved, organ culture presents a greater risk of micro-organism development. So although it is well known that reducing storage time increases endothelial viability, corneas are not usually delivered by the banks until they have spent at least 10-12 days in organ culture, the period required to reveal any bacterial or fungal contamination using conventional bacteriological techniques and/or to observe any macroscopic changes in the storage medium. Microbiological controls are typically performed using standard bacteriological media in aerobic and anaerobic atmospheres, and Sabouraud broth. Micro-organism development is monitored by daily visual inspections of the inoculated media.



A) Vericinin kesin ölüm nedeninin saptanması B) Endotelin mikroskobik incelemesinin yapılması C) Vericinin ailesinden izin alınması D) Korneanın mikrobik kontrolünün yapılması E) Uygun alıcının beklenmesi



84. Parçada sözü edilen mikrobiyolojik denetimlerde kullanılan yöntemler arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi sayılmamıştır? A) Anaerobik bakteriyolojik inceleme B) Aerobik bakteriyolojik inceleme C) Işık mikroskobisiyle günlük inceleme



81. Parçaya göre, korneanın organ kültüründe saklanmasının en yaygın teknik olmasının nedeni aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



D) Sabouroud besiyerinde inceleme E) Kültür ortamının günlük gözlenmesi



A) +4ºC’de saklanabilmesi B) Mikrop bulaşının engellenmesi C) Mikrop bulaşının saptanabilmesi D) Kısa sürede kullanılabilmesi E) Organ kültürünün kolay hazırlanabilmesi



85. Parçanın beşinci cümlesinde geçen “although it is well known” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



82. Parçaya göre, korneanın +4ºC’de saklanmasının dezavantajı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



A) İyi bilindiği varsayılan



A) Ortamın yeterince soğuk olmaması



B) Pek iyi bilinmemekle beraber



B) Endotel hücrelerinin 10-14 günden daha uzun süre canlı kalamaması



C) İyi bilinmesi nedeniyle D) Öylesine iyi bilinen



C) Sıcak ortamda hücrelerin hemen bozulması



E) İyi bilinmesine rağmen



D) 10-14 günden daha uzun sürede mikropların harekete geçmesi E) Pratik bir yöntem olmaması



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



17



A İNGİLİZCE 88. Parçaya göre, daha önce ameliyat yapılmış olan bazı hastalarda en sık ameliyat nedeni aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



86. – 90. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Severe tricuspid valve regurgitation (TR) occurs with other congenital heart defects, typically after repair of right-sided obstructive lesions. Forty-one children, aged 5 months to 22 years (mean, 10 years) underwent 42 De Vega tricuspid annuloplasties for moderate or severe TR during correction of other heart defects. Some patients had prior repair of tetralogy of Fallot or pulmonary atresia, or both (19 patients), double-outlet right ventricle (6 patients), pulmonary stenosis (4 patients), pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum (3 patients), complete atrioventricular septal defect (3 patients), and other diagnoses (6 patients). At the time of the De Vega, 37 patients (88%) had pulmonary valve replacement or right ventricular to pulmonary artery conduit replacement. Other procedures included aortic or mitral repair or replacement (6 patients), atrial septal defect and ventricular septal defect closure (5 patients), pulmonary arterioplasty (6 patients) and, tracheoplasty (1 patient). Early post repair echocardiography quantified TR as absent or mild (34 patients; 81%) mild-to-moderate (4 patients), moderate (3 patients), and severe (1 patient).



A) Sadece Fallot tetralojisi B) Çift çıkışlı sağ karıncık C) Pulmoner stenoz D) Fallot ve pulmoner atrezi beraber E) Pulmoner atrezi ve sağlam karıncık septumu



89. Parçaya göre, De Vega tekniği uygulaması sırasında aşağıdaki işlemlerden hangisi en sık yapılmıştır? A) Mitral replasman B) Aort düzelmesi C) Pulmoner kapak replasmanı D) Atrial septal defek kapatılması E) Trakeoplasti



86. Parçaya göre, ciddi TR aşağıdaki durumlardan hangisiyle ilişkili olarak görülür? A) Her türlü regürjitasyon ile B) Travmalardan sonra C) Onarılmamış tıkayıcı lezyonlarıyla D) Sağ tarafta tıkayıcı lezyon onarımından sonra E) Aort kapakçığı işlev bozukluğuyla 90. Parçaya göre, erken post ekokardiyografi bulgularından en sık görüleni aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



B) 10



C) 22



D) 37



B) TR hafif–orta



C) TR orta



D) TR ağır E) TR ve ek bulgu



87. Parçada kaç hastaya De Vega tekniğinin uygulandığı söylenmektedir? A) 5



A) TR yok veya hafif



E) 41



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



18



A İNGİLİZCE 93. Parçaya göre, kan damarlarının genişlemesi aşağıdakilerden hangisine yol açmaktadır?



91. – 95. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Anaphylaxis is a sudden, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction. Allergic reactions can be triggered by foods, medications, latex, or insect stings. The severity of anaphylactic reactions can be minimized by recognizing the symptoms early, having the proper medications available for self-treatment, and seeking emergency medical care promptly. It is also important to try to identify the specific trigger for each person, although this is not always possible. Anaphylaxis occurs when a trigger activates immune cells, which then release large amounts of multiple substances, including histamine, into the blood stream. This sets off a number of reactions, including itching, dilated blood vessels (leading to low blood pressure and rapid heart rate), mucus secretion, stimulation of the nervous system, and activation of other cells of the immune system. Children are more likely than adults to have anaphylactic reactions to foods. Adults are more likely to have anaphylactic reactions to antibiotics, radiocontrast media, insect stings, anaesthetic drugs, and certain intravenous medicines.



A) Yavaş kalp atımı



B) Ciltte kızarıklık



C) Hızlı solunum



D) Düşük kan basıncı



E) Düzensiz nabız



94. Parçada immün hücrelerin uyarılmasına bağlı olarak gelişen reaksiyonlar arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi sayılmamıştır? A) Sinir sisteminin uyarılması B) Baygınlık C) Mukus salgısı



91. Parçada alerjiyi tetikleyen etkenler arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi sayılmamıştır? A) Böcek sokması



B) Gıda



C) İlaç



D) Lateks



D) Kaşıntı E) İmmün sistemin diğer hücrelerinde uyarım



E) Polen



95. Parçada anaflaktik reaksiyonların çocuklarda en sık aşağıdakilerden hangisine bağlı olarak meydana geldiği söylenmektedir?



92. Parçaya göre, anaflaktik reaksiyonların ağırlığı aşağıdakilerden hangisiyle azaltılabilir? A) Etkenin saptanması B) Sürekli tedavi C) Erken tanı



A) Anestetik ilaçlar



B) Antibiyotikler



C) Radyokontrast madde



D) Böcek sokması



E) Gıdalar



D) Ailevi yatkınlığın saptanması E) Kişinin yatkınlığının saptanması



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



19



A İNGİLİZCE 98. Parçaya göre, çalışmaya alınan hastalarda PPl’lar nasıl bırakılmıştır?



96. – 100. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. As the economic burden of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is largely weighted to maintenance as opposed to initial therapy, switching from more potent to less expensive medication once symptoms are alleviated (step-down therapy) may prove to be most cost-effective. In a recent study, it is aimed to prospectively evaluate the feasibility of step-down therapy in a cohort of patients with symptoms of uncomplicated GERD. Patients whose GERD symptoms were alleviated by proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) were recruited from outpatient general medicine clinics. After baseline demographic and quality of life information were obtained, PPls were withdrawn from subjects in a stepwise fashion. Primary outcome was recurrence of symptoms during follow-up that required reinstitution of PPls. Secondary outcomes included changes in quality of life and overall cost of management.



A) Basamaklı olarak



B) İsteğe bağlı olarak



C) Hızla



D) Kurayla E) Plaseboyla



99. Parçaya göre, yapılan çalışmanın ikincil sonucu aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Ailelerin yaklaşımında değişiklik B) Belirtilerin artması C) Yaşam kalitesinde ve toplam giderdeki değişiklikler D) Yeni yakınmalar



96. Parçaya göre, reflünün yol açtığı en önemli ekonomik sıkıntı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



E) İş ve güç kaybı



A) Hastanın çalışma yaşamını aksatması B) Tedavide kullanılacak ilaç sayısının fazla oluşu C) Tanının pahalı oluşu D) Sürekli tedavinin pahalı oluşu E) Hastanın acil bakım gerektirmesi



100. Parçanın beşinci cümlesinde geçen “required” sözcüğünün Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



97. Parçada sözü edilen çalışmaya alınan hastalar kimler arasından seçilmiştir?



A) Önleyen



B) Tanımlayan



C) Saptayan



D) Değerlendiren E) Gerektiren



A) Yatan hastalar B) Genel kliniklerde ayakta tedavi edilenler C) Bakım evlerinde kalanlar



TEST BİTTİ.



D) Gastroenteroloji kliniklerine başvuranlar



CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.



E) Gazete ilanıyla ulaşılanlar



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



20



A İNGİLİZCE 3. Parçada kemik mineral yoğunluğunun ölçüldüğü belirtilen bölgeler arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi sayılmamıştır?



1. – 5. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Ön kol



To examine the effect of gynaecologic factors alongside anthropometric factors as determinants of bone mineral density (BMD), a group of investigators performed dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in 422 healthy women aged over 40 years (average 57.2 years). The women had an average number of parities of 4.42. Osteoporosis was diagnosed in 32.2 per cent of the women. After taking into account age, increased parity number was linked to higher body mass index (BMI) and lower BMD in the hips, spine, radius, phalanx and heel. However, age at menarche, age at menopause, and the period of fertility were not associated with BMD. BMD at the lumbar spine and hips negatively correlated with age, years since menopause, history of fragility fracture and parity, whereas it was positively associated with BMI.



B) Vertebra D) Topuk



C) Ayak bileği



E) Kalça



4. Parçada sözü edilen araştırmanın sonuçları aşağıdaki faktörlerden hangisinin kemik mineral yoğunluğu ölçümlerini olumlu yönde etkilediğini göstermektedir?



1. Parçada sözü edilen çalışmada, aşağıdaki etkenlerden hangisinin kadınlarda kemik mineral yoğunluğuna etkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır?



A) Parite B) Yaş



A) Obstetrik



C) Menopoz süresi



B) Endokronolojik



D) Kırık öyküsü



C) Epidemiyolojik



E) Vücut kitle indeksi



D) Jinekolojik E) Anatomik



2. Aşağıdakilerden hangisi parçada sözü edilen epidemiyolojik veriler arasında yer almamaktadır?



5. Parçanın ilk cümlesinde geçen “alongside” sözcüğünün Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



A) Kadınların tümü postmenopozaldir. B) 422 sağlıklı kadın araştırılmıştır. C) Kadınların % 32.2’sine osteoporoz tanısı konulmuştur.



A) Tek başına



B) Yanı sıra



C) Farklı olarak



D) Ayrı ayrı



E) Diğerinin arkasından



D) Kadınların ortalama doğum sayıları 4.42’dir. E) Kadınların ortalama yaşı 57.2’dir.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



1



A İNGİLİZCE 8. Parçada, aşağıdakilerin hangisinde verilenler arasındaki ilişkinin tartışmalı olduğu belirtilmektedir?



6. – 10. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Tedavi yaşı-kanser riski



Undescended testis, which occurs in 2-5% of boys born at term, is one of the most common congenital abnormalities. It is a risk factor for infertility and testicular cancer. Testes that are undescended at birth may descend spontaneously during early life, but seldom thereafter. By 12 months of age, 1% of all boys have cryptorchidism. There is evidence that postnatal germ-cell development deteriorates in the undescended testis after the first year, and perhaps for this reason, the risk of infertility increases with age. The recommended age for orchiopexy has therefore been successively lowered, and the procedure is now recommended for patients even as young as 6 months old. The question of whether the age at treatment has any effect on the risk of testicular cancer is controversial. According to the predominant view, the mechanism leading to testicular cancer is present before birth and the risk of cancer is largely determined in utero or early in life. Some studies suggest, however, that orchiopexy at an early age decreases the risk of testicular cancer. Even so, most of these studies used retrospectively collected data, and all of them were too small to produce conclusive results.



B) Tedavi yaşı-infertilite C) İnfertilite-kanser riski D) Kanser riski-inmemiş testis E) İnfertilite-inmemiş testis



9. Parçada, hâkim görüşe göre kansere yol açan mekanizmanın hangi dönemde mevcut olduğu iddia edilmektedir?



6. İnmemiş testis ile ilişkili olarak parçada sözü edilen epidemiyolojik veriler arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi yer almamaktadır? A) Bir yaşındaki erkek çocukların % 1’inde görülür. B) En sık görülen doğumsal anormalliklerden biridir.



A) Erken çocukluk



B) Doğum öncesi



C) Geç çocukluk



D) Adolesans



E) Erişkinlik



C) Gününde doğan tüm erkek çocukların % 2-5’inde görülür. D) Testis kanseri için bir risk faktörüdür. E) Doğumdan hemen sonra testislerin kendiliğinden skrotuma inmesi, nadiren olur.



10. Parçaya göre, geriye dönük verilere dayanan küçük çaplı bazı çalışmaların iddiası aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



7. Parçada, inmemiş testis ile ilişkili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi hakkında kanıt olduğu belirtilmiştir? A) Tedavinin 6 aylıktan sonra yapılması gerektiği



A) Kendiliğinden düzelme olabileceğinden, cerrahi için acele edilmemesi gerektiği



B) Yaş ilerledikçe skrotuma inme olasılığının arttığı



B) Erken yaşta cerrahinin infertiliteden koruyacağı



C) Doğumun birinci yılından sonra tohum hücrelerinin gelişiminin bozulduğu



C) Testislerin konumu ile kanser riskinin ilişkili olmadığı



D) Tedavi yöntemi ile testis kanseri riski arasında ilişki olduğu



D) Erken yaşta cerrahinin kanser riskini azaltacağı E) Kanser ile infertilitenin birbirinden bağımsız olduğu



E) Testis kanseri riskinin skrotuma inme yaşı ile bağlantısız olduğu



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



2



A İNGİLİZCE 13. Parçaya göre, venöz tromboemboli ile ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenemez?



11. – 15. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Olguların % 70’inden fazlası sürekli yatan hastalardır.



Venous thromboembolism is a frequent cause of preventable illness and death in hospitalized patients. About 25% of all cases of venous thromboembolism are associated with hospitalization, and 75% of cases of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients occur in those on the internal medicine ward. In prospective studies of hospitalized patients at high risk, deep-vein thrombosis was found by means of venography in 14.9% of patients and by means of ultrasonography in 5.0% of patients. In these studies, pulmonary embolism occurred in 1.5% of cases, and proximal deep-vein thrombosis in 4.9% of cases. Thrombosis was asymptomatic in over 70% of cases, probably because most patients spent much of the day in bed, with little ambulation. Pulmonary embolism is thought to be associated with 5% of deaths of hospitalized patients, but this diagnosis is not suspected clinically in the vast majority of cases.



B) Ultrasona kıyasla venografi ile daha yüksek oranda tanı konulabilir. C) Akciğer embolisine kıyasla derin ven trombozu daha sık görülür. D) Olguların çoğunluğu dahiliye servisinde görülür. E) Asemptomatik olma olasılığı daha yüksektir.



14. Parçada akciğer embolisiyle ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmektedir? 11. Parçada tromboembolinin özellikleri arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi sayılmamıştır?



A) Toplumda görülme sıklığı % 1,5’tir. B) Hastane ölümlerinin % 5’i ile ilişkili olduğu düşünülmektedir.



A) Hastanede yatan hastalarda görülebilir. B) Venöz ya da arteryel olabilir.



C) Çoğu kez klinik olarak tanınabilir.



C) Hastanede yatan hastalarda önlenebilir bir ölüm nedenidir.



D) Her zaman venöz tromboemboliyi izler.



D) Hastanede yatan hastalarda önlenebilir bir hastalık nedenidir.



E) Yatan hastaların mobilize edilmesiyle önlenebilir.



E) Akciğer embolisine yol açabilir.



15. Parçanın son cümlesinde geçen “the vast majority of cases” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



12. Parçaya göre, aşağıdakilerden hangisi venöz tromboemboli olgularının dörtte biri ile ilgili olarak söylenebilir?



A) Sonuçların tamamına yakını



A) Hastalıklarının tanısı kolaydır.



B) Belirtilerin önemli bir bölümü



B) Hastalıkları profilaksi ile önlenebilir.



C) Çarpıcı özellikteki kişiler



C) Hastalıkları pulmoner emboliye yol açar.



D) Etkenlerin en belirgin olanları



D) Hastalıkları özellikle derin venleri tutar.



E) Olguların büyük çoğunluğu



E) Hastanede yatan hastalardır.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



3



A İNGİLİZCE 18. Parçaya göre, kansızlığı ve kardiyovasküler hastalığı olduğu halde kan nakli yapılmayan olgularda, kansızlığı olup kardiyovasküler hastalığı olmayanlara kıyasla, aşağıdakilerden hangisinin olasılığı daha yüksektir?



16. – 20. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Red-cell transfusions can be lifesaving in the setting of acute bleeding, but most transfusions in critically ill patients are not given for acute bleeding. A large body of experimental and clinical evidence suggests that patients with cardiovascular disease do not tolerate anaemia well. Among patients who decline to undergo blood transfusion, the odds of death are greater in patients with anaemia who have cardiovascular disease than in such patients without cardiovascular disease. But results from observational studies of transfusion in patients with acute coronary syndromes or underlying cardiovascular disease are conflicting. Red-cell transfusion has always made sense to physicians when the haemoglobin concentration is low, particularly in a sick patient. The weight of evidence, however, does not support the unrestricted use of red-cell transfusion in critically ill patients. Instead, a transfusion trigger of 7.0 g per decilitre for most critically ill adults and children appears to be appropriate.



A) Enfeksiyon B) Böbrek yetmezliği C) İnme D) Akut koroner sendrom E) Ölüm



19. Parçaya göre, ağır hastaların çoğunda kırmızı küre nakli için uygun endikasyon aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



16. Parçaya göre, kırmızı küre nakli kansızlığa eşlik eden aşağıdaki durumlardan hangisinde hayat kurtarıcıdır?



A) Çok yaşlı olmak



A) Akut kanama



B) Sınır değerin 7 g/dl olması



B) Miyokard enfarktüsü



C) Çocuk yaşta olmak



C) Yaygın enfeksiyon



D) Erişkinlerin klinik olarak düşkün olmaları



D) Koroner sendrom



E) Ayırt etmeden hemoglobin düşüklüğü



E) Erişkinlerin ve çocukların ağır hastalıkları



17. Parçada sözü edilen çok sayıda deneysel ve klinik kanıt, aşağıdakilerden hangisinde kansızlığın iyi tolere edilemediğini düşündürmektedir?



20. Parçanın dördüncü cümlesinde geçen “conflicting” sözcüğünün Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



A) İleri yaştakilerde



A) Çelişkili



B) Yanıltıcı



B) Genel durumu bozuk olanlarda



C) Belirsiz



D) Kanıtlanmamış E) Yetersiz



C) Kalp ve damar hastalığı olanlarda D) Uzun süredir anemisi bulunanlarda E) Önceden transfüzyon almış olanlarda



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



4



A İNGİLİZCE 23. Parçaya göre, diğer çalışmaların aksine, verilerinin sınırlılığı nedeniyle, diyetteki tuz tüketiminin aşağıdaki parametrelerden hangisi üzerindeki etkisi kesin olarak gösterilememiştir?



21. – 25. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Observational data indicate a strong positive association between sodium intake and blood pressure within and between populations. “The dietary approaches to stop hypertension” study offers strong evidence of short term effects on blood pressure in a dose-response fashion, and five large randomized trials that lasted at least one year have confirmed a modest effect of sodium reduction on blood pressure in those with high normal blood pressure. In contrast, data on the effect of dietary sodium intake on subsequent morbidity and mortality are limited and inconclusive. Several ecological studies support a direct association between higher sodium intake or urinary sodium excretion and mortality from stroke. Analyses of the national health and nutrition examination follow-up study (NHEFS) found that dietary sodium intake was either inversely or directly associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. In Scottish, Finnish and Japanese studies, a single measure of urinary excretion was directly correlated with increased risk of coronary heart disease or stroke, although this direct relation has been disputed by some.



A) Hipertansiyonun şiddeti B) Koroner arter hastalığı sıklığı C) Morbidite ve mortalite D) İnme riski E) İdrarla atılan tuz miktarı



24. Parçada yüksek tuz alımı veya idrardan tuz atılımı ile inmeye bağlı mortalite arasındaki doğrudan ilişkiyi desteklediği belirtilen bazı araştırmaların türü aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Ekolojik



21. Parçada sözü edilen gözlemsel veriler, aşağıdakilerden hangisinde verilenler arasında güçlü bir pozitif ilişki olduğuna işaret etmektedir?



B) Gözlemsel



D) Retrospektif



C) Prospektif



E) Vaka kontrol



A) Koroner kalp hastalığı ve inme B) İdrardan tuz atılımı ve kardiyovasküler hastalık C) Yüksek kan basıncı ve genel mortalite D) Tuz alımı ve inmeye bağlı mortalite E) Tuz alımı ve kan basıncı



22. Parçaya göre, “hipertansiyonu durdurmak için diyet yaklaşımı” çalışmasında aşağıdakilerden hangisiyle ilgili olarak güçlü kanıtlara ulaşılmıştır?



25. Parçanın son cümlesinde geçen “has been disputed” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



A) Yüksek normal kan basıncı olanlarda ılımlı düzeyde etki B) Doza bağlı olarak kan basıncı üzerinde kısa dönem etkiler



A) Değerlendirilmiştir



B) Önemsiz bulunmuştur



C) Rapor edilmiştir



D) Karşı çıkılmıştır



E) Araştırılmıştır



C) Tuzsuz diyetin mortaliteye etkisi D) İdrar tuz düzeyinin morbiditeye etkisi E) Diyetin inme sıklığına etkisi



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



5



A İNGİLİZCE 28. Parçaya göre, klinisyenlerin topluma önereceği testler yüksek over kanseri riski taşıyan kadınlarda aşağıdakilerden hangisininin gereksinimi konusunda uyarı oluşturabilecek niteliktedir?



26. – 30. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Although the lifetime risk of ovarian cancer is very low, the mortality rate is high, and the 5-year survival rate is less than 50%. Life expectancy with ovarian cancer has been slow to improve because the prognosis for this disease is largely dependent on early diagnosis, and there are at the present time no reliable methods to identify ovarian cancer at an early stage. However, identifying women at risk for ovarian cancer enables clinicians to offer 2 tests that might signal the need for further diagnostic testing in a specific population. The single greatest indicator of risk is family history of ovarian cancer, in either the maternal or paternal line. There is also an increased risk of ovarian cancer in families with nonpolyposis colorectal cancer.



A) Soy ağacına odaklanılması B) Yaşam tarzlarının gözden geçirilmesi C) İleri tanısal testlerin yapılması D) Toplumun hastalık konusunda bilinçlendirilmesi E) Genetik tarama yapılması



29. Parçada risk öngörüsündeki tek ve en önemli göstergenin aşağıdakilerden hangisi olduğu belirtilmiştir?



26. Parçada, over kanserinin epidemiyolojik özellikleri arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi sayılmamıştır? A) Prognoz büyük oranda erken tanıya bağlıdır.



A) Ailede over kanseri öyküsü



B) İyileşme süreci yavaştır.



B) Babanın hücre hattında mutasyon



C) 5 yıl yaşayanların oranı yarıdan azdır.



C) Kolon kanseri öyküsü



D) Yaşam boyu hastalığa yakalanma riski çok düşüktür.



D) Annenin hücre hattında mutasyon E) Ailede hem meme hem de kolon kanseri öyküsü



E) Öldürücülüğü yüksektir.



27. Parçada, over kanserinin erken evrede belirlenmesine yönelik gereken tanı yöntemleri ile ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmektedir?



30. Parçanın üçüncü cümlesinde geçen “enables” sözcüğünün Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



A) Özgünlükleri orta derecededir. B) Gelecek vaat etmektedir. C) Yaygın kullanılamayacak kadar pahalıdır.



A) Uyarır



B) Yönlendirir



C) Zorunda bırakır



D) İmkân tanır



E) Hizmet sağlar



D) Toplum tarafından geniş oranda kabul görmemiştir. E) Şu anda güvenilir yöntem yoktur.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



6



A İNGİLİZCE 32. Parçaya göre, enfeksiyöz enterit olgularında, apandisitten farklı olarak ilk görülen belirti aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



31. – 35. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. The clinical signs and symptoms depend on the pathologic phase of appendicitis at examination. The classic triad consists of pain, vomiting and fever. In the initial stage of appendiceal obstruction, the pain is periumbilical. Emesis usually follows the onset of pain and is infrequent. Anorexia is more common. Fever is low grade unless perforation with peritonitis has occurred. The sequence of symptoms with pain preceding emesis and fever is important in distinguishing appendicitis from infectious enteritis, which usually begins with vomiting followed by the crampy pain of hyperperistalsis. Diarrhea, if it occurs, is infrequent. As the inflammation progresses to involve the serosa and overlying peritoneum, the pain migrates to the area of peritoneal irritation, usually the right lower quadrant. If the appendix is retrocecal, the pain will be lateral or posterior and may mimic the symptoms associated with septic arthritis of the hip or psoas abscess. With perforation, the pain becomes generalized unless the contamination is well localized to produce a discrete abscess, usually of the right lower quadrant. Palpation of an abdominal or rectal mass indicates abscess formation.



A) Diare



B) Ateş



C) Kusma



D) Kramp tarzı ağrı E) Bulantı



33. Parçaya göre, apendiks çekumun arkasında lokalize ise, belirtiler aşağıdaki hastalıklardan hangisini taklit edebilir? A) Psoas apsesi



B) Enterit



C) Peritonit



D) Romatoid artrit E) Barsak obstrüksiyonu



34. Parçaya göre, perforasyon durumunda ağrının nasıl olması beklenir? A) Kramp tarzında B) Sağ üst kadranda C) Yaygın D) Arkada E) Kalça bölgesinde 31. Parçada apandisitin klinik işaretleri ve belirtileriyle ilişkili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmemiştir? A) Ağrı ve kusma görülür. B) Hastalığın evresine göre değişir. 35. Parçanın dördüncü cümlesinde geçen “infrequent” sözcüğünün Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



C) Başlangıçta ağrı göbek etrafındadır. D) Ateş eşlik eder.



A) Zararlı



E) Muayene bulguları çok tipik ve tanısaldır.



B) Sürekli D) Seyrek



C) Değişken



E) Yoğun



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



7



A İNGİLİZCE 38. Parçada aşağıdakilerden hangisine ek önlem olarak her yıl pelvik muayene önerilmektedir?



36. – 40. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Normal karyotipi olsa da over yetmezlikli olguların tümüne



All patients under the age of 30 who have been assigned the diagnosis of ovarian failure on the basis of elevated gonadotropins must have a karyotype determination. The presence of mosaicism with a Y chromosome requires excision of the gonadal areas because the presence of any testicular component within the gonad carries with it a significant chance of malignant tumour formation. Approximately 30% of patients with a Y chromosome will not develop signs of virilization. Therefore, even the normal-appearing adult woman with elevated gonadotropin levels must be karyotyped. Even if the karyotype is normal, as an added precaution all patients with ovarian failure should have an annual pelvic examination. Over the age of 30, amenorrhea with high gonadotropins is best labeled premature menopause. Genetic evaluation is unnecessary because it is essentially unheard of to have a gonadal tumour appear in these patients after the age of 30. Deletions of the X chromosome can be responsible for premature ovarian failure. Accurate diagnosis of these deletions is not essential for decision making regarding the patient; however, the presence of such abnormalities within a family is associated with infertility due to premature ovarian failure. Having this information can influence the family planning decisions of family members. Researchers also recommend that women with premature ovarian failure who are less than 160 centimetres tall be karyotyped because of the close conjunction of the genes responsible for stature and normal ovarian function.



B) Gonadotropinleri yüksek olguların tümüne C) Y kromozomu olan gonadal yetmezlikli olgulara D) Adet görmeyen olguların tümüne E) Boyu 160 cm. nin altında olan olgulara



39. Parçada prematür menopoz olarak nitelendirilen 30 yaş üzeri kadınlar aşağıdaki özelliklerden hangisini taşımaktadır? A) Kromozom bozukluğu gösteren amenore olguları B) Erken menopoz aile öyküsü veren amenore olguları C) Normal görünümlü, normal karyotipli erişkin olgular D) Gonadotropinleri yüksek, amenore olguları



36. Parçaya göre, hangi özellikteki olgular için genetik inceleme gereksizdir?



E) Gonadotropinleri normal, amenore olguları



A) Over yetmezliği olan 30 yaş altı B) Prematür menopoz olan C) Gonadotropin düzeyleri yüksek olup normal görünen erişkin D) Aile bireylerinde kromozom delesyonu olan E) Boyu 160 cm. nin altında prematür over yetmezliği olan



40. Parçada X kromozom delesyonları ile ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmemiştir? A) Kesin tanısı, hastayla ilgili karar vermek için gerekli değildir.



37. Parçada Y kromozomu taşıyan kadınlarla ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmemiştir?



B) Ailedeki çocukların erişkinlikteki boyları açısından önem taşıyabilir.



A) Gonadları kötü huylu tümöre dönüşüm riski taşır.



C) Aile bireylerinde infertilite ile ilişki gösterebilir.



B) Gonadlarında testiküler yapı taşıyabilirler. C) Gonadal bölgenin eksizyonu gerekir.



D) Aile bireylerinin aile planlaması kararlarını etkileyebilir.



D) Olguların yarısından çoğu virilizm gösterir.



E) Prematür over yetmezliğinin sebebi olabilir.



E) Olguların tümünde mozaisizm durumu vardır.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



8



A İNGİLİZCE 42. Parçada tüpü sağarak dış gebeliğin fimbrial uçtan dışarı itilmesi tekniğiyle ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi belirtilmemektedir?



41. – 45. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) İşlem sonrası ileride tekrar dış gebelik görülme sıklığı daha yüksektir.



With earlier diagnosis, conservative surgery to preserve fertility has replaced the life-saving procedure of salpingectomy. Ectopic pregnancies in the ampulla are usually located between the lumen and the serosa, and thus these are ideal candidates for linear salpingostomy. Segmental excision with microsurgical anastomosis is the preferred procedure for isthmic pregnancies. Occasionally, an ampullary pregnancy can be expressed through the fimbrial end of the tube (milking the tube), but this procedure is associated with a higher incidence of persistent and recurrent ectopic pregnancy, undoubtedly due to invasion of the tube by the trophoblastic tissue. Interstitial pregnancy at the utero-tubal junction usually requires surgical excision, and even hysterectomy if bleeding cannot be controlled. The first unruptured ectopic pregnancy treated with methotrexate was an interstitial pregnancy, and this is now the treatment of choice if diagnosis is achieved early enough. In patients with a history positive for previous tubal disease, the risk of a recurrent ectopic pregnancy in the same tube is very much higher after salphingostomy, and in this case, some clinicians argue in favour of salpingectomy. When performing a salpingectomy, a cornual wedge excision as prophylaxis against recannulation and a subsequent ectopic pregnancy is no longer considered to be necessary.



B) Ampuller bölgedeki gebeliklerde uygulanabilir. C) İşlem nedeniyle trofoblast dokusu tüp duvarını invazyona uğratabilir. D) İşleme rağmen dış gebeliğin tüpte devam etmesi durumuna daha sık rastlanır. E) Ara sıra başvurulan bir yöntemdir.



43. Parçada interstisyel gebelikle ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisinden söz edilmemiştir? A) Yalnızca rüptüre olmamış olgular tedavi edilmeksizin sadece gözlenebilir. B) Genellikle cerrahi eksizyon gerektirir. C) Kanama durdurulamazsa histerektomi gerektirebilir. D) Uterus ile tüplerin birleşme yerinde lokalizedir. E) Yeterince erken yakalanırsa, ilk seçenek methotrexate tedavisidir.



44. Parçaya göre, bazı klinisyenler önceden tübal hastalık geçirme öyküsü olanlar için aşağıdaki tedavilerden hangisini önermektedir? A) Histerektomi B) Salpinjektomi 41. Parçaya göre, salpinjektomi yapmadan fertilite koruyucu cerrahi aşağıdakilerden hangisi sayesinde gerçekleşebilmiştir?



C) Salpingostomi D) Methotrexate



A) Hastaların sınırlı cerrahiyi ya da tıbbi tedaviyi giderek daha fazla seçmeleri



E) Kornual bölgenin eksizyonu



B) Yeni tıbbi tedavilerin ve cerrahi tekniklerin geliştirilmesi



45. Parçada, aşağıdaki yöntemlerden hangisinin dış gebelik durumunun tekrarlamasını önlemek için gerekli olmadığı öne sürülmektedir?



C) İn vitro fertilizasyon tekniklerinin bulunması D) Tübal mikrocerrahi tekniklerinin bulunması



A) Salpingostomi



E) Erken dönemde tanı konulabilmesi



B) Salpinjektomi C) Methotrexate D) Kornual bölgenin eksizyonu E) Histerektomi



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



9



A İNGİLİZCE 46. – 50. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. According to the 2001 guidelines of the American College of Physicians for the treatment of uncomplicated acute bronchitis, antibiotic treatment is not recommended, regardless of duration of cough. According to the 2006 guidelines of the American College of Chest Physicians for treating acute bronchitis, routine treatment with antibiotics is not justified, antitussive agents are only occasionally useful, and there is no routine role for inhaled bronchodilators or mucolytic agents. Inhaled anticholinergic agents are not recommended. However, these guidelines note that subgroups of patients with chronic airflow obstruction at baseline or wheezing at the onset of illness do have a benefit from β2-agonists. These guidelines have been criticized on the grounds that many of the recommendations were based more on opinion than on evidence. Distinguishing the minority of cases of acute bronchitis due to a treatable cause from those due to currently nontreatable viruses is often challenging. Recently, the measurement of serum levels of procalcitonin, which is typically elevated in bacterial infections, has been proposed as a means of identifying patients in whom treatment with antibiotics is warranted. Previous studies involving volunteers exposed to rhinovirus showed that nonsteroidal drugs alone or in combination with antihistamines reduced the severity of symptoms, including cough.



47. Parçaya göre, 2001 ile 2006 yıllarına ait kaynaklarda, kronik havayolu obstrüksiyonu olanlar veya hastalığın başlangıcında hırıltısı olanlarda aşağıdaki ajanlardan hangisinin yararlı olabileceği belirtilmiştir? A) Antibiyotiklerin



B) Bronkodilatörlerin



C) Balgam söktürücülerin



D) Antikolinerjiklerin



E) β2 agonistlerinin



48. Parçaya göre, sözü edilen kaynaklardaki önerilere yöneltilen eleştiri aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Kanıtlar tamamen göz ardı edilmiştir. B) Destekleyici verilerden yoksundur. C) Kanıttan çok görüşlere dayalıdır. D) Birbirleriyle çelişen kanıtlara dayalıdır. E) Aksi görüşler karşısında, uzlaşma yerine kanıtlar geçerli sayılmıştır.



49. Parçada prokalsitonin ölçümü aşağıdaki amaçlardan hangisi için önerilmektedir? A) Öksürük nedenlerinin ayırıcı tanısı B) Yüksekliği durumunda bakteriyel enfeksiyonların dışlanması C) Bakteriyel enfeksiyon etkenlerinin saptanması D) Antibiyotik tedavisi gereken olguların belirlenmesi E) Tedavi edilemeyen virütik etkenlerin tanınması



50. Parçaya göre, rhinovirüs’e mâruz kalan gönüllüleri de içine alan önceki çalışmalar aşağıdakilerden hangisini göstermiştir?



46. Parçaya göre, 2001 ile 2006 yıllarına ait kaynaklarda akut bronşitin rutin tedavisiyle ilgili olarak öne sürülenler arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi yer almamaktadır?



A) Tek başına antihistaminik ilaçların belirtileri azaltıcı etki gösterdiğini



A) Sadece uzun süreli öksürük varsa antibiyotikler verilebilir.



B) Nonsteroidal ilaçların belirti şiddetini azalttığını



B) Öksürüğü kesen ajanlar ancak nadiren yararlıdır. C) Rutin tedavide bronkodilatör inhalasyonunun rolü yoktur. D) Balgam söktürücülerin rutin tedavide yeri yoktur.



C) Kombinasyon tedavisinin iyileşme hızını daha da arttırdığını D) Olguların nonsteroidal ilaçlara aşırı duyarlı olduklarını E) Öksürük ve diğer belirtilerin tedaviye kesinlikle cevap vermediğini



E) Tedavide antikolinerjik ajan inhalasyonu önerilmemektedir.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



10



A İNGİLİZCE 53. Parçaya göre, aşağıdaki hastalıklardan hangisine bağlı ölümlerde artma olmuştur?



51. – 55. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Kızamık In the wealthier parts of the world, the death of a child from an infectious disease is a rare tragedy. In poor countries, it is commonplace. In rural subSaharan Africa, the majority of families have lost at least one child to a treatable infectious disease. Fortunately, with improvements in immunization coverage and public health in recent years, the death toll from killers such as pneumonia, diarrheal disease, measles and tetanus has fallen. But deaths from AIDS and malaria have increased. It is estimated that 1 million children die each year from falciparum malaria, yet malaria is both preventable and treatable. The main reason why malaria-related mortality has increased while mortality associated with most other treatable and preventable infections has decreased is the continued deployment of ineffective antimalarial drugs in the face of increasing resistance.



B) Zatürre



D) AIDS



C) İshal



E) Tetanoz



54. Parçada sıtmaya bağlı ölümlerin artmasındaki asıl nedenin aşağıdakilerden hangisi olduğu söylenmiştir? A) Etkili ilaçlara ulaşılamaması B) Etkili olmayan sıtma ilaçlarının dağıtımının sürdürülmesi C) Diğer enfeksiyonların hasta direncini düşürmesi



51. Parçada enfeksiyon hastalıklarına bağlı çocuk ölümleriyle ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmemektedir?



D) Hastalığın giderek yaygınlaşması E) Diğer enfeksiyon tedavilerinde kullanılan ilaçların dirence yol açması



A) Fakir ülkelerde olağandır. B) Dünyanın daha zengin bölgelerinde nadir rastlanan bir felakettir. C) Son yıllarda aşılama ve toplum sağlığı politikalarındaki iyileşme, ölümleri azaltmıştır. D) Nedenlerinden birisi olan sıtma önlenebilir ve tedavi edilebilir bir hastalıktır. E) Tedavi ile her yıl 1 milyon çocuk ölmekten kurtarılmaktadır.



52. Parçada, Afrika’nın kırsal bölgelerinde ailelerin çoğunluğunun aşağıdaki durumların hangisiyle karşılaştığı belirtilmektedir?



55. Parçanın yedinci cümlesinde geçen “main” sözcüğünün Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



A) Çocuklarının en az birinin tedavi edilebilir bir enfeksiyondan ölmesi B) Aile bireylerinin en az birinde enfeksiyon görülmesi



A) Belirgin



B) Dolaylı



C) Temel



D) Diğer E) Olağan



C) Çocuklarında enfeksiyon hastalıklarından en az birinin görülmesi D) Çocuklarının en az birinde enfeksiyon görülmesi E) Ölen her çocukla birlikte en az bir erişkinin de enfekte olması



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



11



A İNGİLİZCE 58. Parçada derin hemanjiyomların aşağıdaki iç organların hangisinde bazen meydana geldiğinden söz edilmektedir?



56. – 60. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Deep hemangiomas grow within the skin and deep beneath it. They cause the skin to bulge and may be purple or, if they are very deep, flesh-coloured. Most deep hemangiomas grow between ¼ inch and 2 inches across, although sometimes they grow much larger. More than half occur on the head and neck. Sometimes, hemangiomas develop in organs, such as the liver. Superficial and deep hemangiomas do not cause pain but occasionally break open (ulcerate) and bleed, which can be difficult to stop. Hemangiomas around the eye may grow large enough to block vision, which can lead to permanent vision loss if uncorrected. Hemangiomas may also block the nose or throat, which can obstruct breathing. Because hemangiomas often go away on their own, doctors do not treat them when they first appear unless they grow rapidly, obstruct vision or breathing, ulcerate, or are cosmetically distressing.



A) Akciğer



B) Kalp D) Karaciğer



C) Dalak E) Mide



59. Parçaya göre, doktorların hemanjiyomları, belirli sorunlara yol açmadığı sürece, başlangıçta tedavi etmeme nedeni aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Genellikle kendiliğinden yok olmaları B) Büyümelerinin beklenmesi C) Sayılarının çok fazla olması



56. Parçada hemanjiyomların deride aşağıdakilerden hangisine neden olduklarından söz edilmektedir? A) Yırtılma



B) Kanama D) Kuruma



D) Kanamanın durdurulmasının güçlüğü



C) Kaşıntı



E) Göze çok yakın olabilmeleri



E) Kabarma



57. Parçada hemanjiyomlarla ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerin hangisi söylenmemektedir?



60. Parçanın altıncı cümlesinde geçen “occasionally” sözcüğünün Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



A) Görmeyi engelleyebilir. B) Ağrılı olabilir.



A) Aniden



B) Yerine göre



C) Nefes almaya engel olabilir.



C) Ara sıra



D) Kendiliğinden E) Benzer biçimde



D) Yarısından çoğu kafa ve boyunda oluşur. E) Mor renkli olabilir.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



12



A İNGİLİZCE 62. Parçada sistein tellurit kanlı agar ile ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmemektedir?



61. – 65. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Corynebacterium is an aerobic, nonencapsulated, nonspore-forming, mostly nonmotile, pleomorphic, gram-positive bacillus. Not fastidious in growth requirements, its isolation is enhanced by use of a selective medium (i.e. cystine-tellurite blood agar) that inhibits growth of competing organisms and, when reduced by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, renders colonies gray-black. Three biotypes (i.e. mitis, gravis, and intermedius), each capable of causing diphtheria, are differentiated by colonial morphology, haemolysis, and fermentation reactions. A lysogenic bacteriophage carrying the gene that encodes for production of exotoxin confers diphtheria-producing potential to strains of C. diphtheriae, but it provides no essential protein to the bacterium. Indigenous nontoxigenic C. diphtheriae can be rendered toxigenic and disease-producing after importation of toxigenic. C. diphtheriae Diphtheritic toxin can be demonstrated in vitro by the agar immunoprecipitin technique (Elek test) by polymerase chain reaction, or by the in vivo toxin neutralization test in guinea pigs. Toxigenic and nontoxigenic strains are indistinguishable by colony type, microscopy, or biochemical tests.



A) Bazı durumlarda gri-siyah kolonilerin oluşmasını sağlar. B) Seçici bir ortamdır. C) Yarışan bakterilerin çoğalmasını baskılar. D) Katı bir besiyeridir. E) Bakteri tarafından indirgenir.



63. Parçada, bakteri toksininin saptanması ile ilgili olarak sözü edilen testlerden hangisinin kobaya uygulandığı söylenmektedir? A) Mikroskopi B) Biyokimyasal testler C) Polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu D) Agar immunpresipitasyonu E) Toksin nötralizasyonu



64. Parçanın ikinci cümlesinde geçen “requirements” sözcüğünün Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Alışkanlıklar



B) Olasılıklar



C) Gereksinimler



D) Düzensizlikler



E) Düzeyler



65. Parçanın son cümlesinde geçen “indistinguishable” sözcüğünün Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



61. Parçaya göre, aşağıdakilerden hangisi corynebakterilerin özelliklerinden biri değildir? A) Çoğunlukla hareketli



B) Kapsülsüz



C) Spor oluşturmayan



D) Şekil değiştiren



E) Oksijene ihtiyaç duyan



A) Vazgeçilmez



B) Ayırt edilemez



C) Sınırlandırılamaz



D) Karşılaştırılamaz



E) Açıklanamaz



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



13



A İNGİLİZCE 68. Parçaya göre, serum magnezyum miktarı ile geri emilimi arasında nasıl bir ilişki vardır?



66. – 70. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Magnesium is the second most common intracellular cation, with only three other cations – potassium, calcium and sodium – occurring with greater abundance in the body. It plays a crucial role in storing and using energy inasmuch as all enzymatic reactions involving adenosine triphosphate frequently require magnesium. Because magnesium is also an essential element for plants in that it is a constituent of chlorophyll, it is present in virtually all vegetable food sources. Despite this wide distribution, the average diatary intake of magnesium is about 25 mEq/day, which only marginally meets the recommended daily requirements for this element. Fractional absorption of magnesium varies from 80% on a magnesium-restricted diet to less than 10% when large oral loads of magnesium are consumed. Renal magnesium reabsorption occurs in multiple nephron segments, and a tubular maximum (TMMg) may be described for the whole kidney. Normal tubular reabsorption for magnesium is very close to the TMMg. Therefore, small changes in serum magnesium levels are accompanied by rather rapid increases or decreases in urinary magnesium excretion. This intrinsic TMMg phenomenon, which is not directly controlled hormonally, allows the kidney to be the major determinant of plasma magnesium levels.



A) Serumdaki magnezyumun % 10’undan azı geri emilir. B) Serumdaki azalma geri emilimi azaltır. C) Serumdaki miktar artsa bile atılan miktar uzun süre değişmez. D) İdrarla atılan miktar ile geri emilen miktar serumdakine göre azdır. E) Serumdaki değişimlere, idrarla atılan miktarda hızlı artma ve azalmalar eşlik eder.



69. Parçaya göre, aşağıdakilerden hangisi plazmadaki magnezyum miktarının en önemli belirleyicisidir? A) Barsak



B) İdrar miktarı D) Enzimler



66. Parçada magnezyum ile ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmemektedir?



C) Böbrek



E) Enerji kullanımı



A) Enerji depolanmasında önemli rol oynar. B) İkinci en sık hücre içi katyondur. C) Adenozin trifosfat ile ilgili tepkimeler için sıklıkla gerekir. D) Bitkilerin çok azında bulunur. E) Enerji kullanımında önemli rolü vardır. 70. Parçanın dördüncü cümlesinde geçen “Despite this wide distribution” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



67. Parçada, besinlerden magnezyum alınmasıyla ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmektedir?



A) Bu yaygın dağılıma rağmen



A) Emilimi böbrekte nefronun ilk bölümünde gerçekleşir.



B) Söz konusu tüm bulgulara rağmen



B) Önerilen günlük gereksinimi güçlükle karşılar.



C) Dağılımıyla doğrudan ilişkili olarak



C) Barsak emilimi hızlıdır.



D) Geniş çapta etkili olsa bile



D) Hayvansal gıdalarda bol bulunur.



E) Bazı bulguları yaygın olsa da



E) Hormonlar ile idrar atılımı kontrol edilir.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



14



A İNGİLİZCE 73. Parçada sözü geçen kireçlenmeler sağlam fetusların yüzde kaçında görülmüştür?



71. – 75. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) 1 Over the past two decades, a variety of ultrasound findings have been associated with Down syndrome. These have ranged from relatively sensitive and specific findings (such as nuchal translucency) to softer findings with less sensitivity and specificity (such as renal pyelectasis and echogenic bowel). Among these softer findings is the echogenic intracardiac focus (EIF). The sonographic finding of EIF was first described in 1987 in a study in which 1 foetus among 26 with EIF had Down syndrome. Since then, numerous studies have associated EIF with an increased risk of Down syndrome, particularly in high-risk populations that undergo level II ultrasound examination or amniocentesis. Alternatively, there have been several studies that show no increased risk of Down syndrome in the setting of isolated EIF. In the pathology literature, it has been reported that calcifications of the foetal papillary muscle are correlated with the sonographic finding of EIF. Such calcifications were present in 17% of Down syndrome foetuses and 5% of normal foetuses. A recent study showed that the visualization of the EIF may also be influenced by a variety of technical factors that include the technologist, ultrasound equipment and settings, and foetal position.



B) 5



C) 9,1



D) 17



E) 26



74. Parçada sözü edilen yeni çalışma EIF’nin görüntülenmesiyle ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisini göstermiştir? A) Çeşitli teknik etkenlerden etkilenebilir. B) Ultrason cihazları daha fazla geliştirilmelidir. C) Bebeğin anne karnındaki konumu izlenebilir. D) Teknik elemanlar oldukça bilinçlidir. E) Görüntüleme merkezlerinin uzmanlaşması gereklidir.



71. Parçaya göre, aşağıdaki ultrasonografik bulgulardan hangisi Down sendromu tanısında hassas ve özgün olanıdır? A)



Renal pyelektazi



B) Nazal kemik oluşumu C) Barsak ekojenisitesi D) Kalsifiye kalp içi odak E)



Ense saydamlığında artış



75. Parçanın beşinci cümlesinde geçen “particularly” sözcüğünün Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



72. Parçadan ekojenik kardiyak fokusun nasıl bir bulgu olduğu çıkarılabilir? A) Yeterli



B) Sıradan D) Zayıf



C) Genel



E) Geçici



A) Genelde



B) Başlıca



C) Yaygın olarak



D) Özellikle



E) Aslında



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



15



A İNGİLİZCE 78. Parçada, sözü edilen salgı bezleriyle ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmemektedir?



76. – 80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Salgılarını derideki deliklerden dışarı verirler. Acne is a common skin condition producing pimples on the face and upper torso. Acne is caused by an interaction between hormones, skin oils, and bacteria that results in inflammation of hair follicles. Acne occurs mostly on the face, upper chest, shoulders, and back and is characterized by pimples, cysts, and sometimes abscesses. Both cysts and abscesses are pus-filled pockets, but abscesses are somewhat larger and deeper. Sebaceous glands, which secrete an oily substance (sebum), lie in the dermis, the middle layer of skin. These glands are attached to the hair follicles. The sebum, along with dead skin cells, passes up from the sebaceous gland and hair follicle and out to the surface of the skin through the pores. Acne results when a collection of dried sebum, dead skin cells, and bacteria clog the hair follicles, blocking the sebum from leaving through the pores. Acne occurs mainly during puberty, when the sebaceous glands are stimulated by increased hormone levels, especially the androgens (such as testosterone) resulting in excessive sebum production. By a person’s early to mid 20s, hormone production stabilizes and acne usually disappears. Apart from these, certain cosmetics may worsen acne by clogging the pores. Because acne naturally varies in severity for most people – sometimes worsening, sometimes improving, – pinpointing the factors that may produce an outbreak is difficult. Acne is often worse in the winter and better in the summer, for unknown reasons. There is no relationship, however, between acne and specific foods or sexual activity.



B) Kıl folikülüne yapışıktırlar. C) Derinin üst tabakasında bulunurlar. D) Yağlı bir madde salgılarlar. E) Salgıda ölü deri hücreleri de bulunur.



79. Parçada aşağıdakilerden hangisinin delikleri tıkayarak akneyi daha da kötü hale getirebileceği söylenmektedir? A) Bazı ilaçlar B) Bakteriler C) Hormonlar D) Belirli makyaj malzemeleri E) Yağlı salgı



76. Parçada aknelerin en sık görüldüğü yerler arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi sayılmamıştır? A) Yüz



B) Üst kol D) Sırt



C) Omuzlar



E) Göğüs üst kısmı



80. Parçada akne ile ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisinin sebebinin bilinmediği söylenmektedir? A) Kışın artıp yazın azalması



77. Parçaya göre, apseler hangi özellikleriyle kistlerden ayrılır?



B) Oluşumunun, bazı yiyecekler tarafından hızlandırılması



A) Ağrıya neden olmaları B) İltihapla dolu olmaları



C) Vücuttaki dağılımının kişilere göre farklılık göstermesi



C) Cep oluşturmaları



D) Cinsel yaşamla ilişkili olması



D) Hormonların etkisiyle oluşmaları



E) Bulaşıcı olabilmesi



E) Biraz daha büyük ve derin olmaları



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



16



A İNGİLİZCE 82. Parçada, yetersiz aşılamanın aynı zamanda aşağıdakilerden hangisinin göstergesi olduğundan söz edilmektedir?



81. – 85. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. In the US, although immunization rates in early childhood are currently at record or near-record high levels, rates remain insufficient in many urban areas. A recent report by the Institute of Medicine emphasized the need to address disparities in vaccine coverage between low-income groups and the general population. Importantly, these low rates of immunization not only leave many young children at high risk for a variety of serious, vaccine preventable diseases but underimmunization also serves as an indicator of inadequate receipt of other preventive health care. There seems to be no single cause for these low immunization rates, but rather a group of possible factors including provider practices, parental/child characteristics, and system barriers to receiving care. Studies have emphasized the importance of minimizing “missed opportunities,” i.e. visits to a health care provider where an immunization could have been appropriately given but was not. Other research has focused on identifying parental and child characteristics associated with underimmunization to allow appropriate targeting of interventions. Several studies have identified delayed receipt of the initial 2month vaccinations as a strong risk factor for lack of age-appropriate immunization at 2 years. However, only 1 prospective study has sought to identify behavioural attributes predictive of initiation of immunization.



A) Çocuk ölüm oranının yüksekliği B) Gelir düzeyinin düşüklüğü C) Diğer önleyici sağlık hizmetlerinin yetersizliği D) Hasta olma riskinin yüksekliği E) Sağlık sisteminin bozukluğu



83. Parçaya göre, aşağıdakilerden hangisi aşılamanın yetersizliğiyle ilgili faktörlerden biri değildir? A) Aşıların ulaştırılmasındaki gecikmeler B) Ebeveynlerin özellikleri C) Çocuk özellikleri D) Sistemle ilgili engeller E) Aşı sağlayanların uygulamaları



84. Parçada, aşılamanın başlatılmasıyla ilişkili davranışsal özellikleri belirlemeye yönelik araştırma aşağıdakilerden hangisiyle nitelendirilmektedir? A) Kapsamlı



B) Önemli



C) Çok merkezli



D) İleriye dönük



E) Kontrollü



85. Parçanın beşinci cümlesinde geçen “appropriately” sözcüğünün Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



81. Parçada aşağıdakilerden hangisinin birçok kentsel alanda hâlâ yetersiz olduğu söylenmektedir? A) Sağlık kurumu sayısı



A) Yeterli olarak



B) Uygun bir şekilde



B) Aşılamaya bilinçli yaklaşım



C) Öncelikli olarak



D) Belirgin bir biçimde



C) Aşılamayı takip eden ebeveyn sayısı



E) Yaklaşık olarak



D) Aşı zamanlamasındaki başarı E) Çocuklarda aşılama oranı



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



17



A İNGİLİZCE 87. Parçaya göre, megakaryositler plateletleri özellikle aşağıdakilerden hangisinde oluşturur?



86. – 90. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Damar çeperlerinde Platelets are minute round or oval discs 2 to 4 micrometres in diametre. They are formed in the bone marrow from megakaryocytes, which are extremely large cells of the hemopoietic series in the bone marrow that fragment into platelets either in the bone marrow or soon after entering the blood, especially as they try to squeeze through the pulmonary capillaries. The normal concentration of platelets in the blood is between 150,000 and 300,000 per microlitre. Platelets have many functional characteristics of whole cells, even though they do not have nuclei and cannot reproduce. In their cytoplasm are such active factors as (1) actin and myosin molecules, similar to those found in muscle cells, as well as still another contractile protein, thrombosthenin, that can cause the platelets to contract; (2) residuals of both the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus that synthesize various enzymes and store large quantities of calcium ions; (3) mitochondria and enzyme systems that are capable of forming adenosine triphosphate and adenosine diphosphate (ADP); (4) enzyme systems that synthesize prostaglandins, which are local hormones that cause many types of vascular and other local tissue reactions; (5) an important protein called fibrin-stabilizing factor; (6) a growth factor that can cause vascular endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts to multiply and grow, thus causing cellular growth that helps repair damaged vascular walls.



B) Kemik iliğinde C) Atardamarlarda D) Toplardamarlarda E) Akciğer kılcal damarlarında



88. Parçada, plateletlerin aşağıdakilerden hangisine sahip olmadığı söylenmektedir? A) Çekirdek B) Endoplazmik retikulum C) Golgi D) Mitokondri E) Aktin ve miyozin



89. Parçaya göre, plateletler aşağıdakilerden hangisini depolamaktadır? A) Adenozin trifosfat



B) Adenozin difosfat



C) Kalsiyum iyonları



D) Aktif faktörler



E) Çeşitli enzimler



86. Parçada plateletlerle ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmemektedir?



90. Parçada aşağıdakilerden hangisinin hasarlı damar çeperinin onarımında rol aldığı belirtilmektedir?



A) Büyük hücrelerin parçalanmasıyla oluşurlar.



A) Enzim



B) Çok küçük hücrelerdir.



B) Büyüme faktörü



C) Yuvarlak veya ovaldirler.



C) Fibrin stabilizan faktör



D) Bölünerek çoğalırlar.



D) Prostaglandin



E) Kasılabilir protein içerirler.



E) Trombostenin



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



18



A İNGİLİZCE 92. Parçada kalp cerrahlarının, kardiyologların ve ilgili klinisyenlerin hastalarda aşağıdakilerden hangisini gözlemledikleri söylenmektedir?



91. – 95. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Stroke remains one of the most devastating potential complications of cardiac surgery. Many investigators have studied the incidence of stroke in a group of 5,971 cardiac surgery patients, yielding estimates ranging from 1.6% to 5.2%. Of the more than 400,000 adult patients in the US and 800,000 patients worldwide who undergo cardiopulmonary bypass procedures each year, up to 21,000 patients in the US and 42,000 patients worldwide will suffer stroke. The economic impact of stroke after coronary revascularization is estimated to exceed $2 to $4 billion annually worldwide. Although cardiac surgeons, cardiologists and affiliated clinicians have witnessed the profound effects of perioperative stroke in patients, few data exist to characterize both the functional impact and long-term survival for those who suffer this complication. Many attempts have been made, however, to determine the essential risk factors for perioperative stroke. Although these efforts have yielded important data, it is clear that definitive prediction and prevention of these strokes remain elusive. This is likely due to the multifactorial etiology of stroke, as well as the heterogeneity of this patient population and the cardiac procedures themselves. Previous studies were limited by small sample size, retrospective study design, incomplete or late capture of stroke events, minimal analysis of brainimaging findings and lack of long-term follow-up.



A) Sağkalım süresinin değişimini B) Ameliyat sırasında inmenin derin etkilerini C) İşlevsel kayıpları D) Beyinde oluşan hasarları E) Ameliyatın çok az durumda inmeye yol açtığını



93. Parçada çok sayıda girişimde bulunulduğu belirtilen konu aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Cerrahi işlemlerde olası riskleri önceden belirlemek B) Ameliyat öncesinde inme konusunda bilgili olmak C) Ameliyat sırasında inme için temel risk faktörlerini saptamak D) İnme ile ilgili etiyolojik verileri tümüyle değerlendirmek E) İnmede sağ kalım ve işlev kaybı ile ilgili verileri toplamak



94. Parçada, önceki çalışmaların sınırlı yönleri arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi sayılmamıştır? A) Hasta öyküsünün yeterince dikkate alınmaması B) Geriye dönük çalışma taslağı C) İnme olgularının geç yakalanması 91. Parçada inmeyle ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmektedir?



D) Beyin görüntüleme bulgularının alt düzeyde incelenmesi



A) Kalp cerrahisinde gerçekleşme olasılığı her zaman bulunmaktadır.



E) Uzun süreli izlemenin olmaması



B) Kalp cerrahisinin en yaygın sorunlarındandır. C) Kalp ile ilgili cerrahi işlemlerde belki de en kalıcı komplikasyondur.



95. Parçanın dördüncü cümlesinde geçen “is estimated” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



D) Kalp damar cerrahisinde göz ardı edilmemesi gereken olası bir sonuçtur. E) Kalp cerrahisinin olası en zararlı komplikasyonlarından biri olmaya devam etmektedir.



A) Gerekiyor



B) Görülüyor



C) Araştırılıyor



D) Tahmin ediliyor E) Kaydediliyor



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



19



A İNGİLİZCE 98. Parçaya göre, frengi hangi yönüyle doktorlar için güçlük oluşturmaktadır?



96. – 100. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Tanı konmasının güç olması Syphilis is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. It is usually acquired by sexual contact with another infected individual. Syphilis is remarkable among infectious diseases in its large variety of clinical presentations. It progresses, if untreated, through primary, secondary and tertiary stages. The early stages (primary and secondary) are infectious. Spontaneous healing of early lesions occurs, followed by a long latent period. In about 30% of untreated patients, late disease of the heart, central nervous system (CNS) or other organs ultimately develops. At one time this disease was termed “the great imitator”. Although the disease is less common now than previously, it remains a great challenge to the clinician because of its protean manifestations and is of great interest to biologists as well because of the long and alternating balance between the host and the invading spirochete.



B) Hastaların doktora geç başvurması C) Tedavisinin uzun sürmesi D) Hastaların belirtileri fark edememesi E) Belirtilerinin değişken olması



99. Parçaya göre, frengi hangi yönüyle biyologların ilgisini çekmektedir? A) Etken-konakçı arasındaki uzun ve değişen denge ilişkisi B) Hastalığa neden olan bakterilerin yapısı C) Merkezi sinir sistemi tutulumu D) Spiroketin yaşam döngüsü



96. Parçaya göre, enfeksiyon hastalıkları arasında frengi hangi yönüyle dikkat çekicidir?



E) Çok eski bir hastalık oluşu



A) Cinsel yolla bulaşması B) Kronik olması C) Çok bulaşıcı olması D) Hızla ilerlemesi E) Çok çeşitli klinik belirtilerinin olması



100. Parçanın yedinci cümlesinde geçen “ultimately develops” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Gerekirse oluşur B) Belirgin olarak gözlenir C) Zor iyileşir D) En sonunda gelişir



97. Parçada frengiyle ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerin hangisi söylenmemektedir?



E) Sonuna kadar ilerler



A) Üç evresi vardır. B) Tedavi edilmezse ilerler. C) Sadece birinci evrede bulaşıcıdır. D) Eskiye göre daha seyrek görülmektedir.



TEST BİTTİ.



E) İlk yaralar kendiliğinden iyileşir.



CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



20



TIPTA UZMANLIK EĞİTİMİ GİRİŞ SINAVI (TUS) 7 NİSAN 2007



İNGİLİZCE A KİTAPÇIĞI 1. D



26. E



51. E



76. A



2. E



27. B



52. D



77. D



3. A



28. A



53. A



78. E



4. D



29. B



54. E



79. D



5. E



30. D



55. C



80. E



6. B



31. A



56. A



81. C



7. A



32. B



57. B



82. B



8. C



33. C



58. A



83. D



9. A



34. E



59. D



84. C



10. C



35. A



60. E



85. E



11. E



36. D



61. B



86. D



12. E



37. B



62. D



87. E



13. B



38. E



63. C



88. D



14. A



39. A



64. B



89. C



15. B



40. C



65. A



90. A



16. C



41. D



66. E



91. E



17. E



42. C



67. C



92. C



18. B



43. B



68. A



93. D



19. A



44. A



69. D



94. B



20. E



45. D



70. B



95. E



21. A



46. E



71. C



96. D



22. E



47. A



72. B



97. B



23. B



48. C



73. D



98. A



24. A



49. B



74. B



99. C



25. D



50. D



75. A



100. E



TIPTA UZMANLIK EĞİTİMİ GİRİŞ SINAVI (TUS) 15 EYLÜL 2007



İNGİLİZCE A KİTAPÇIĞI 1. D



26. B



51. E



76. B



2. A



27. E



52. A



77. E



3. C



28. C



53. D



78. C



4. E



29. A



54. B



79. D



5. B



30. D



55. C



80. A



6. E



31. E



56. E



81. E



7. C



32. C



57. B



82. C



8. A



33. A



58. D



83. A



9. B



34. C



59. A



84. D



10. D



35. D



60. C



85. B



11. B



36. B



61. A



86. D



12. E



37. E



62. D



87. E



13. A



38. A



63. E



88. A



14. B



39. D



64. C



89. C



15. E



40. B



65. B



90. B



16. A



41. E



66. D



91. E



17. C



42. C



67. B



92. B



18. E



43. A



68. E



93. C



19. B



44. B



69. C



94. A



20. A



45. D



70. A



95. D



21. E



46. A



71. E



96. E



22. B



47. E



72. D



97. C



23. C



48. C



73. B



98. E



24. A



49. D



74. A



99. A



25. D



50. B



75. D



100. D



A İNGİLİZCE FEN BİLİMLERİ 5. Several research groups have been racing to ---how to regenerate hair cells.



1. – 18. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. 1. The greatest ---- to the spread of nuclear technology and nuclear power reactors to developing countries is that it will increase the risks of nuclear weapons proliferation. A) obligation



B) contribution



C) solution



D) condition



A) figure out



B) go for



C) connect with



D) set up E) make up



E) objection 6. An important aspect of the application of mathematics is that different ways of making mathematical sense of everyday questions ---different answers. 2. A combination of factors made the 1984 accident in a storage tank at a Union Carbide plant in India almost ----. A) crucial



B) inevitable



C) vulnerable



D) bearable



A) keep up



B) bring over



C) lead to



D) show off E) find out



E) permanent



7. Earthquake rupture ---- to occur by enlargement of a crack, but more recent observations ---- a “pulse-like” mode of rupture enlargement.



3. In the opinion of most scientists, engineering does not ---- offer universally acceptable solutions. A) randomly



B) previously



C) necessarily



D) excessively



A) had been thought / would be indicated B) can be thought / had indicated C) was thought / will have indicated



E) extremely



D) has been thought / indicate E) must be thought / may have indicated



4. Scientists suggest that huge amounts of greenhouse gases will be ---- into the atmosphere if rising temperatures cause the Arctic permafrost to melt. A) produced



B) accelerated



C) disrupted



D) released E) joined



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



1



A FEN BİLİMLERİ 11. Sea bindweed Calystegia soldanella ---- a fleshyleaved cousin of the more widespread, whiteflowered hedge bindweed (C. sepium) that ---fences and hedges everywhere in the summer.



8. Cosmologists are addressing some of the fundamental questions that people ---- to resolve over the centuries through philosophical thinking, but they ---- this based on systematic observation and quantitative methodology.



A) might be / had clothed



A) would attempt / have done



B) is / clothes



B) attempt / will do



C) should be / has clothed



C) may attempt / did



D) could be / would have clothed



D) attempted / should do



E) was / can clothe



E) have attempted / are doing



12. In February 1996, ---- a meeting in Bermuda, international partners in the Human Genome Project agreed to formalize the conditions of data access, including release of the sequence into public databases ---- 24 hours.



9. The shuttle ---- the atmosphere at precisely 38° for heat shields below the fuselage and the wings ---- the craft from heat damage. A) must re-enter / to protect B) has re-entered / having protected C) re-entered / to have protected



A) at / within



B) from / in



C) in / by



D) during / to E) on / through



D) re-enters / to be protecting E) should re-enter / to have been protecting



13. The United States government is about to start monitoring the air ---- major cities for biological weapons ---- looking for bacteria and viruses in the air filtres that now monitor pollution.



10. From the year 1665, when Robert Hooke ---- cells, until the middle of the twentieth century, biologists ---- only light microscopes for viewing cells. A) used to discover / could have had B) had discovered / would have



A) of / on



B) at / towards



C) out of / with



D) in / by E) from / through



C) discovered / had D) has discovered / have had E) could discover / have



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



2



A FEN BİLİMLERİ 14. Comets are thought to have changed very little over the last 4 billion years, ---- their composition should hold clues to the origin of the solar system. A) but



B) whereas



C) just as



D) in that



19. – 23. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. Names and numbers were causing trouble long before the Internet age. Biology had a naming crisis in the 17th and 18th centuries. The problem wasn’t so much a shortage of names but an excess of (19) ----. Plants and animals (20) ---- by many different names in different places. Then came the great reform of Carolus Linnaeus and his system of Latin binomials, (21) ---- each organism by genus and species. The new scheme revolutionized taxonomy, not because there is any magic in Latin or in two-part names, but because Linnaeus and his (22) ---- laboured to preserve a strict one-to-one mapping between names and organisms. Official codes of nomenclature continue to enforce this rule – one name, one species – although rooting out synonyms and homonyms is a (23) ---- struggle.



E) so



15. Robots will never be much good at household tasks such as pouring coffee or polishing shoes ---- they can calculate their position accurately. A) since



B) when



C) unless



D) so that E) in case 19.



A) them 16. About half of all women over 65 years of age take some type of nutrition supplement, ---- only about one-fifth of older men do. A) before



B) because



C) that is



D) while



B) that D) those



C) theirs E) themselves



20.



E) despite



A) were to be known



B) would be known



C) are known



D) were known E) will be known



21. A) to have been identifying B) identified



17. Coal produces ---- CO2 per energy unit ---- any other fossil fuel. A) also / as



B) more / than



C) such / that



D) either / or



C) to have identified



D) to be identifying



E) identifying



E) so / as



22. A) participants



B) followers



C) occupants



D) suppliers



18. Every rock, ---- copper-veined, silver-clad, or black-glazed, tells a story about the Earth as a whole. A) both



B) also



C) whether



D) all



E) practitioners



23.



E) that



A) constant



B) primary



C) rapid



D) similar E) partial Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



3



A FEN BİLİMLERİ 27. ---- when they are exposed to higher than normal temperatures.



24. – 35. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.



A) Recent climate warming is associated with genetic change



24. Shortly after the Golden Gate Bridge was opened, ----.



B) Recent global warming might already be driving such changes



A) some aesthetic and artistic concerns may have dominated the visual design of the bridge



C) Researchers compiled data on chromosomal polymorphism covering periods of 13 to 46 years



B) it has been an enormously successful bridge by most aesthetic and functional criteria



D) Some organisms undergo genetic change



C) its roadway proved to be overly flexible under certain wind conditions



E) Weather records for the same periods and locations are studied



D) the design of the bridge’s towers was tested on scale models, and construction of the bridge started E) a number of such structures were acting similarly



28. ---- as to why human mental capacities are so much greater than those of chimpanzees.



25. ----, yet relatively few have been identified in modern organisms.



A) Two scientists recently reported



A) Scientists hypothesize that the human hepatitis delta virus (HDV) arose from a ribozyme



B) Scientists have always suspected C) Researchers have found a clue



B) The CPEB3 ribozyme is structurally and biochemically related to human hepatitis deltavirus (HDV) ribozymes



D) The newly adopted scheme also includes a third category



C) This ribozyme occurs exclusively in mammals



E) Such a decision was reached after days of debate



D) The selection had yielded several ribozymes E) Ribozymes are thought to have played a pivotal role in the early evolution of life



26. Should the cabin pressure somehow be lost, ----.



29. Although stem cells are found in many tissues, ----.



A) the oxygen canisters located above the passenger seats in a plane provide oxygen to the passengers through masks



A) they have great potential to treat diseases B) the most promising ones seem to be those in bone marrow



B) the oxygen-generator canisters must be replaced periodically to ensure that they will operate properly when needed



C) specialists have been very enthusiastic



C) the oxygen canister contains a core of sodium chlorate, which is activated by a small explosive charge



D) special staining techniques revealed that the cells were indeed dividing E) the results of that study have yet to be announced



D) the airline maintenance rules made it clear that a bright yellow safety cap must be installed on the oxygen canisters E) a small explosion was initiated when a passenger pulled the oxygen mask toward herself



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



4



A FEN BİLİMLERİ 33. Until fairly recently, we viewed the ocean as a bountiful, virtually limitless resource, ----.



30. Our eyes can detect photons, the smallest quantum unit of an electromagnetic wave, ----.



A) so many countries are also taking steps to restore and conserve wetlands



A) whose frequencies lie in the narrow visible range B) in which the human retina has more “pixels” than a consumer digital camera



B) unless we are now seeing the effects of our disregard for marine communities



C) that it increases our knowledge of the structure of atoms



C) yet seafood would become less plentiful



D) because scientists have lacked a detector able to see an individual photon



D) and we have harvested the ocean heavily and used it as a dumping ground for wastes



E) if a revolution in photon detection is now under way



E) regardless of the fact that laws in many countries now prohibit disposal of sewage and other wastes at sea



34. In the Pacific Ocean, the analogue of the Gulf Stream Current in the Atlantic is the Kuroshio Current, ----.



31. Abnormally heavy and early rainfall in the Sudan caused the River Nile to overflow in 2007, ----. A) so global land surface temperatures in January and April had reached the highest levels ever recorded for those months



A) which flows north along the coast of Asia to the east coast of Japan B) as it flows northeast across the Atlantic from its source in the Gulf of Mexico



B) because the first documented tropical cyclone in the Arabian Sea hit Oman and Iran, causing 50 deaths



C) so the Gulf Stream Current indeed contributes to Europe’s warmth



C) but in May, ocean waves up to 5 metres high swamped parts of the Maldive Islands



D) where it transports no heat to locations on the eastern side of the Pacific



D) unless other extreme weather events include the summer heatweave in southeastern Europe



E) but ocean currents do little to warm the region



E) while unusually heavy snowfall affected South Africa and parts of South America



35. Researchers have found that the DNA in bacteria deteriorates sharply after about 1.1 million years, ----.



32. ALH84001 is one of several meteorites that are generally acknowledged to have come from Mars ----.



A) whereas the DNA of the average bacterium has about 3 million units



A) when it is named for the place in Antarctica (Allan Hills) and the year (1984) it was found



B) which consisted of just 210 units linked together



B) because they contain trapped gases that match the Martian atmosphere



C) after which the size of the DNA gets cut in half D) but older microorganisms didn’t perform as well



C) while geologists at NASA discovered in the rock a variety of surprising characteristics at a microscopic level



E) and some of the oldest microorganisms were watched for as long as a year



D) where it turned out to be the oldest known rock from any planet E) so that the findings were based on meticulous studies and the papers of scientists at NASA



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



5



A FEN BİLİMLERİ 38. Meteorites provide the best available data about the chemical and physical processes that occurred during the first few million years of our solar system’s history.



36. – 38. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz. 36. Scientists tell us that 90 per cent of all matter in the universe consists of hydrogen.



A) Güneş sistemimizin tarihinde, ilk birkaç milyon yıl içinde ortaya çıkmış olan kimyasal ve fiziksel oluşumlara ilişkin elde edilebilen en iyi veriler göktaşlarında bulunmaktadır.



A) Bilim adamlarının bize söylediğine göre, hidrojen içeren maddeler evrendeki tüm maddelerin yüzde 90’ını oluşturmaktadır.



B) Güneş sistemimizin başlangıcındaki birkaç milyon yıl içinde meydana gelmiş kimyasal ve fiziksel süreçlerle ilgili kullanılabilir verilerin en iyileri göktaşlarından elde edilmiştir.



B) Bilim adamları bize, evrendeki tüm maddelerin yüzde 90’ının hidrojen içerdiğini söylemektedir. C) Hidrojenin evrendeki tüm maddelerin yüzde 90’ını oluşturduğu, bize bilim adamlarınca söylenen bir gerçektir.



C) Göktaşlarının sağladığı veriler, güneş sistemimizin tarihinin ilk birkaç milyon yıllık sürecindeki kimyasal ve fiziksel oluşumları anlayabilmemize en büyük katkıyı sağlamıştır.



D) Bilim adamlarının bize söylediği gibi, hidrojen, evrendeki maddelerin yüzde 90’ında bulunmaktadır.



D) Güneş sistemimizin ilk birkaç milyon yıllık tarihinde meydana gelen kimyasal ve fiziksel süreçlerle ilgili verilerin en güvenilir olanları göktaşlarından sağlanmıştır.



E) Bilim adamları, hidrojenin, evrendeki tüm maddelerin yüzde 90’ını oluşturduğunu söylüyor.



E) Göktaşları, güneş sistemimizin tarihinin ilk birkaç milyon yılında meydana gelmiş olan kimyasal ve fiziksel süreçler hakkında mevcut en iyi verileri sağlar.



39. – 41. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz. 37. Inventions of modern science are no longer the creations of a single person, as they were in the past.



39. Bilim adamlarına göre, atmosfere yayılmakta olan atık gazlar nedeniyle dünyadaki iklimler daha sıcak bir hale gelmiştir.



A) Çağdaş bilimin buluşları, artık, geçmişte olduğu gibi tek bir kişinin yaratıları değildir.



A) Scientists claim that so much waste gas has been spread into the atmosphere that the climates in the world have become increasingly warm.



B) Çağımızda bilimsel buluşlar, geçmişte olduğunun tersine, bir kişinin yaratıcılığına dayanmamaktadır.



B) As scientists have pointed out, due to waste gases that pollute the atmosphere, the world’s climate has become much warmer.



C) Çağdaş bilimde artık, geçmişte olduğu gibi, tek kişinin yaratıcılığına dayanan buluşlara rastlanmamaktadır.



C) According to scientists, the climates in the world have become warmer because of waste gases that are spreading into the atmosphere.



D) Çağdaş bilimle ortaya konan buluşlar, geçmişten farklı olarak, birden çok kişinin ortaya koyduğu yaratılardır.



D) For scientists, the atmosphere has been so polluted by waste gases that the climates in the world have already become much warmer.



E) Geçmişteki buluşlar, çağdaş bilimdekilerin tersine, bir tek kişinin yaratılarıydı.



E) As far as scientists are concerned, the world’s climate has become extremely warm owing to waste gases in the atmosphere.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



6



A FEN BİLİMLERİ 40. Evrenin sakinleri olarak, ışığın ilk kaynağının nasıl oluştuğunu, hayatın nasıl meydana geldiğini ve bu çok büyük boşlukta akıllı varlıklar olarak bizim yalnız olup olmadığımızı merak etmekten kendimizi alamayız.



42. – 46. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz. 42. Engineers are hired by clients (and employers) specifically for their specialized expertise. ----. Therefore, engineers have ethical obligations to their clients, because the client often cannot assess the quality of the engineer’s technical advice. These obligations are part of engineering ethics, the set of behavioural standards that all engineers are expected to follow.



A) How the first light was formed, how life started, and whether we are the only intelligent beings in this huge emptiness are the questions that, as inhabitants of the universe, we cannot keep ourselves from asking. B) As inhabitants of the universe, we cannot help wondering how the first source of light formed, how life came into existence and whether we are alone as intelligent beings in this vast emptiness.



A) Civil engineering is generally considered the oldest engineering discipline



C) As this universe’s only intelligent inhabitants, it is up to us to ask questions such as how the first light source was formed, how life on Earth started, and how we came to inhabit a tiny planet in this vast emptiness.



B) Successful teamwork results in accomplishments larger than those that can be produced by individual team members C) Generally, the client knows less about the subject than the engineer



D) As inhabitants of this universe, we cannot help asking such pressing questions as how the first light source was formed, how life started, and whether there are other intelligent beings living in this vast emptiness.



D) Biochemical engineers combine biological processes with traditional chemical engineering to produce foods and pharmaceuticals and to treat wastes



E) Being inhabitants of the vast emptiness that is our universe, we cannot help wondering how light was formed, how life started, and whether we are quite alone as intelligent beings in the universe.



E) An engineer does not need to have a licence to practise engineering, but those who do may have more career opportunities



41. ABD Ticaret Bakanlığı, hassas teknolojik bilgilere ulaşımı sınırlandırmaya ilişkin politikaların gözden geçirilmesi gerekip gerekmediğini incelemek üzere bir grup uzmanı görevlendirmiştir.



43. An athlete’s body must be heavier for its height than a nonathlete’s body because the athlete’s bones and muscles are denser. ----. However, this is not true. Weight standards that may be appropriate for others are inappropriate for athletes. Therefore, measures such as fatfold tests yield more useful information about body composition.



A) A group of experts commissioned by the US Department of Commerce are examining how the policies concerning limited access to sensitive technological information should be reformulated.



A) When athletes consult standard weight-forheight tables and see that they are on the heavy side, they may mistakenly believe that they are too fat



B) A group of experts have been appointed by the US Department of Commerce to review the policies that limit access to confidental technological information.



B) The increasing incidence of abnormal eating habits among athletes, especially young women, is causing concern



C) The US Department of Commerce has recruited a group of experts to find out to what extent the policies for the limitation of access to delicate technological information can be revised.



C) Athletes are particularly likely to develop eating disorders



D) The US Department of Commerce has commissioned a group of experts to examine whether policies on limiting access to sensitive technological information should be reviewed.



D) They fail to realize that the loss of lean tissue that accompanies energy restriction actually impairs their physical performance E) Male athletes, especially wrestlers and gymnasts, are affected by these disorders as well, but research shows that females have a greater tendency



E) The policies on limited access to confidental technological information are being reviewed by a group of experts, appointed by the US Department of Commerce.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



7



A FEN BİLİMLERİ 46. Seismologists have struggled for years to find a reliable earthquake predictor. Could balls of light in the sky preceding quakes hold the key? The US Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has begun asking that very question. ----. Thus, they have funded NASA to study earthquake lights using weather satellites and the MODIS research satellite during the past few years.



44. Thanks to their status as one of the world’s top predators, great whites are among the best known sharks on Earth, yet essentially nothing is known about their mating habits. That could soon change, as researchers have discovered a remote spot in the North Pacific Ocean that may be a mating ground for great whites, according to a recent study. ----. But, as scientists have explained, the theory that the area is a feeding ground for great whites may be incorrect.



A) In 1999, floating balls of light in the sky were broadcast on Turkish television, reportedly filmed the night before the earthquake in İzmit



A) It’s not an area that a shark would logically go to from California to find something to eat



B) In 1968, the first photographs of “earthquake lights” were taken by Yutaka Yasui of the Kakioka Magnetic Observatory



B) At first, scientists nicknamed the region, 1,553 miles west of the Baja Peninsula, the “great white café” because they suspected sharks could be going there to feed



C) The main problem facing FEMA is that earthquake lights still don’t have an accepted scientific explanation



C) The sharks migrate long distances seasonally from the coast of California to Hawaii and to the offshore area



D) Most earthquakes occur at plate boundaries, where one plate slides beneath another hundreds of kilometres below the Earth’s surface



D) On average, the sharks dive every 10 minutes, 325 metres down, perhaps to sniff for mates, whose scent could be detected at a certain level of depth



E) Mainstream geologists had dismissed these earlier claims as coincidental



E) Sharks gather at marine mammal habitats in California during autumn and winter months, feeding on the abundant elephant seals and other prey before migrating to the offshore waters



45. The dark side of nanotechnology is the nightmare possibility that “nano-robots” could be programmed to turn everything on Earth into more nano-robots. ----. Some researchers, however, say that while they also have some worries about nanotechnology, they don’t want it banned because its benefits outweigh its risks. A) R. Smalley discovered the three-dimensional nanoscale carbon cages called fullerenes B) E. Drexler says he invented the word “nanotechnology” C) The inventors of nanotechnology were awarded a Nobel Prize D) In 1990, a team of scientists found they could use a scanning tunnelling microscope to drag individual atoms of xenon over the surface of a crystal of nickel E) There are other fears, such as nanoscale particles creating unforeseen toxic hazards



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



8



A FEN BİLİMLERİ 48. Lisa : - What are you reading?



47. – 51. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz.



Andy : - A book about caterpillars in the Costa Rican tropical forests. Did you know that there’s one type of caterpillar that looks like a snake’s head?



47. Sarah : - Have you ever thought about how paleontologists name the new fossils they find? They don’t only give the fossils a boring, descriptive name in Latin.



Lisa : - ----



Laura : - ----



Andy : - I should imagine, only to scare away predators.



Sarah : - Well, in this article it says that one paleontologist named a newly discovered type of dinosaur fossil gojirasaurus after the original Japanese name for Godzilla!



A) Looking at caterpillars always makes me feel like I’ve got one crawling up my arm! B) How strange. I wonder why? C) I don’t know why this type of caterpillar lives in a tropical forest.



Laura : - That’s funny! I wonder if they’ll name any fossils after King Kong.



D) How interesting. Does the book mention other types?



A) I have a cousin who’s studying paleontology; why don’t we ask him?



E) Why did the writer choose to focus on only the forests in Costa Rica?



B) Certainly. There are rules for how new species and fossils must be named. C) Well, they surely have a catalogue of names they can use for every fossil they discover. D) Oh, really? What kinds of names do they give them, then? E) Paleontologists have a sense of humour, too!



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



9



A FEN BİLİMLERİ 51. Keith : - It looks like more and more countries in the EU are turning to wind power for their energy.



49. Kathy : - I went to a lecture yesterday given by a microbiologist. He focused on bacteria caught in Antarctic ice millions of years ago, and stressed their importance in understanding how life on Earth works over long periods of time.



Cherie : - ---Keith : - Actually it’s not, because sometimes the wind turbines are built without proper planning, and this affects the surrounding environment negatively.



Bruce : - ---Kathy : - He said that life on Earth consists mostly of microbes, and they can adapt to every possible environment.



Cherie : - Oh, I wasn’t aware of that. A) I think a combination of wind and solar power would be best.



Bruce : - That sounds interesting. Did he suggest any reading material on the subject? A) What is the lecturer’s special area of study within the field of microbiology?



B) I think that’s very good. Yes? C) What’s your opinion of wind power? D) I thought wind turbines couldn’t generate enough power to make a difference.



B) Did you ask him any questions after the lecture? C) I find microbiology incredibly interesting; don’t you?



E) Do you think wind power will help reduce carbon emissions?



D) Who else attended the lecture besides you? E) How can anything so tiny have an influnce on the planet as a whole? Amazing. Anything else?



50. Terry : - Did you know that scientists have found perfectly preserved comet dust in the ice in Antarctica? Lynne : - ---Terry : - Yes, it is. The samples found previously in Antarctica and in Greenland had been compacted and changed by the ice around them, but these new samples haven’t. Lynne : - Then their larger size and good condition must make them easier to analyse. A) That’s nothing new! Don’t you think? B)



Are the dust samples taken from a comet’s tail by spacecraft similar to this?



C)



Where in Antarctica was the dust discovered?



D)



It must have been difficult for the scientists to locate the dust.



E)



That was Jean Duprat’s study, wasn’t it?



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



10



A FEN BİLİMLERİ 52. – 56. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. 52. (I) When their nuclear fuel is exhausted, stars die, and the residual iron core collapses on itself. (II) The outcome of a star’s death depends on mass, however. (III) Stars with between 10 and 20 times the mass of the Sun collapse in a spectacular explosion known as a supernova, leaving behind a neutron star, whereas those larger than 20 solar masses implode to form black holes in a hypernova. (IV) In both cases, copious bursts of neutrinos are released along with optical, x-ray and gamma radiation. (V) Recent studies indicate that some massive stars may be rotating only slowly or not at all. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



B) II



C) III



D) IV



A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



E) V



53. (I) Since the cloned-sheep Dolly’s birth, researchers have cloned many other mammals, including mice, cats, horses, cows and pigs. (II) Such reproductive cloning has many potential applications. (III) Their most advanced embryo, however, had stopped growing at about six cells, and their intention was solely to harvest embryonic stem cells. (IV) By using genetically engineered donor nuclei, geneticists can study the effects of changing single genes or combinations of genes. (V) And in the future, biologists may routinely produce genetically identical animals for experimentation, a potential benefit to genetics research. A) I



55. (I) Humans have a long history of studying, appreciating, and using animal diversity, but classifying a new animal isn’t always easy. (II) Imagine you were the first European zoologist to encounter a strange animal in Australia that has the following physical features. (III) It has a bill and webbed feet similar to a duck’s, but the rest of its furry body looks very much like that of a muskrat or other aquatic rodent, and it lays eggs. (IV) Unlike the rest of the world, Australia has relatively few placental mammals. (V) How would you classify it?



56. (I) Reefs are under attack from all sides. (II) Coral reefs are one of the oldest and most diverse ecosystems on Earth. (III) Hurricanes and tsunamis can cause injuries that take decades for a reef to repair naturally. (IV) Meanwhile, destructive fishing practices, pollution, ships running aground and climate change pose an even more serious threat. (V) A report issued by the UN Environment Programme warned that 30 per cent of the world’s coral reefs are either already dead or seriously damaged. A) I



E) V



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



54. (I) The algal ancestors of plants may have carpeted moist fringes of lakes or coastal salt marshes over 500 million years ago. (II) Both groups have similar microscopic structures for making their cellulose cell walls and a similar mechanism for forming the cell plate that divides the cytoplasm during cell division. (III) These shallow-water habitats were subject to occasional drying, and natural selection would have favoured algae that could survive periodic droughts. (IV) Some species accumulated adaptations that enabled them to live permanently above the water line. (V) The modern-day green alga Coleochaete may resemble an early plant ancestor, and it grows at the edges of lakes as disk-like, multicellular colonies. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



11



A FEN BİLİMLERİ 58. It is clear from the passage that robots used in the United States for weedkilling ----.



57. – 60. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Robots make unlikely green warriors, but they could soon be doing their bit for the environment. Trials of a Danish robot that maps the position of weeds growing among crops suggest that herbicide use could be reduced by 70 per cent if farmers used it to adopt more selective spraying techniques. Actually, the robot drives across fields scanning the ground for any weeds and noting their positions. A later version will be able to kill the weeds too by applying a few drops of herbicide. But the longer-term goal is to avoid herbicides altogether by having the robot pluck the weeds out of the ground rather than poisoning them. Although weedkilling robots have already been put to work in the United States, they cannot be used for agricultural purposes because they do not distinguish between plant species and tend to treat anything green as a weed. Instead, they are used to clear unwanted plants from railways and airport runways.



A) are a technological challenge that farmers in Denmark and the United States face B) were first invented and widely used by farmers in the United States C) will never be useful for improving traditional spraying techniques D) are convenient for use only on railways and airport runways rather than in farming areas E) are being developed and tested in Denmark



59. It is implied in the passage that herbicides used for weedkilling ----. A) have certainly done much damage to the environment in Denmark B) can be most effective if they are sprayed along with fertilizer C) are more commonly preferred in the United States than in Denmark



57. As one understands from the passage, when the ultimate version of the weedkilling robot comes into use, ----.



D) cause no environmental damage if applied only in small amounts E) are poisonous and, therefore, threaten the environment



A) there will be no need for the use of herbicides since weeds will simply be pulled out by the robot B) herbicides will no longer be used anywhere in the world C) the American type of weedkilling robots will still be used since they are very efficient



60. As is clear from the passage, the type of robot currently under trial in Denmark ----.



D) farmers will be able to upgrade their spraying techniques in order to kill the weeds among their crops



A) is actually adaptable to all kinds of agricultural purposes



E) many of the environmental problems farmers face will be solved much more efficiently



B) has been regarded by farmers as a major step forward in agricultural technology C) identifies the weeds among crops but does not pluck them D) has been copied from the type which is used in the United States and is far more efficient E) is not able to tell the difference between different plant species



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



12



A FEN BİLİMLERİ 62. We see from the passage that Seversky’s 1942 book Victory through Air Power ----.



61. – 64. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. The first documented scheme for in-flight refuelling came from a young Russian aviator named Alexander de Seversky. His father owned a plane and taught him to fly when he was in his early teens. In 1917, when he was 23, Seversky proposed a method for extending flight: One plane could carry extra fuel and deliver it to another through a hose. After the Russian Revolution, Russia’s new Bolshevik government sent him to the United States to study aircraft design, and he stayed there when political developments made his return to Russia dangerous. He got a job as an aeronautical engineer for the US War Department and was awarded the world’s first patent for air-to-air refuelling, in which large fuel tankers would supply fuel to fighter aircraft while in flight. Seversky went on to a distinguished career in airplane design and achieved perhaps his greatest fame as the author of the influential 1942 book Victory through Air Power. He never put his refuelling plan into action, though, and other aviators later came up with ideas of their own.



A) made him more famous than his ideas for inflight refuelling B) was extremely unpopular in Bolshevik Russia C) was used as a training manual by the US War Department D) extensively detailed his plans for in-flight refuelling E) remained unpublished at the time of his death



63. According to the passage, Seversky was unable to return to Russia due to ----. A) his employment as an aeronautical engineer for the US War Department B) the dangers of international travel at the time C) changes in the political situation there D) the fact that he was an extremely popular aircraft designer E) the political nature of the book he published in 1942



61. One understands from the passage that although Alexander de Seversky was the owner of the first patent for in-flight refuelling ----. A) the US War Department was uninterested in his plans



64. It is clear from the passage that Seversky’s original plan for in-flight refuelling ----.



B) his true passion was always flying, which he learned as a teenager



A) was perceived as a threat by the Russian government



C) Russia’s Bolshevik government did not support his schemes



B) involved the transfer of fuel from one airborne aircraft to another by means of a hose



D) his plans were never implemented



C) gave him a clear advantage when he was applying for work in the United States



E) other inventors made use of his ideas on aircraft design



D) was inspired by his aeronautical studies in America E) was completely revised, following suggestions from the US War Department



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



13



A FEN BİLİMLERİ 66. It is clearly pointed out in the passage that it is very hard to ----.



65. – 68. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. One of the most pressing international priorities is to control the dissemination of nuclear materials that could be used in attacks by terrorists or rogue states. Nuclear materials contain unstable isotopes, which emit x-rays and gamma rays. The characteristic energies of these photons provide a fingerprint revealing which radioactive isotopes are present. Unfortunately, some isotopes that occur in benign applications emit gamma rays with energies that are very similar to those emitted by materials used in weapons, which leads to ambiguous identifications and false alarms. This problem has been worrying the United States, which is installing thousands of radiation portal monitors to detect the gamma rays emitted by nuclear materials carried by vehicles crossing the Canadian and Mexican borders. One of the worst fears of the authorities is that terrorists might smuggle highly-enriched uranium into the country to build a crude Hiroshima-style atomic bomb.



A) reach an international understanding that the dissemination of nuclear materials must be fully controlled B) trace how highly-enriched uranium can be smuggled and marketed internationally C) distinguish between gamma rays emitted by nuclear materials used for constructive or destructive purposes D) force rogue states to give up their efforts to develop nuclear weapons E) identify all radioactive isotopes that emit x-rays and gamma rays



67. As pointed out in the passage, the United States ----. A) is so worried about the dissemination of nuclear materials that it is making every effort to isolate rogue states B) has started taking technological precautions along its Canadian and Mexican borders to control the entry of nuclear materials into the country



65. The point is made in the passage that an issue of extremely compelling urgency in the world ----. A) is to ensure that nuclear materials are used not in weapons but in benign applications



C) is confident that the only type of atomic bomb terrorists or rogue states can build will be no better than a Hiroshima-style one



B) has been the international threat posed against the United States by terrorists and rogue states



D) strongly maintains that nuclear materials should be used only in useful and benign applications



C) is to make sure that nuclear energy facilities are much safer and more reliable than ever



E) claims that the nuclear materials used in weapons are controlled strictly to prevent any leakage



D) has been to find out how rogue states have come to possess highly-enriched uranium E) is the prevention of the spread of nuclear materials, serving the aims of terrorists and rogue states



68. As one understands from the passage, the kind of radioactive isotopes present in nuclear materials are ----. A) more useful for weapons than for any other purpose B) only revealed when they are activated for any use C) those which mostly emit a large amount of gamma rays D) identified by the energies typical of their nature E) those that emit far more energy if uranium is highly enriched Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



14



A FEN BİLİMLERİ 70. It is maintained in the passage that although more than 50 per cent of paper used is recycled ----.



69. – 72. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. The world now recycles just over 50 per cent of the paper it uses. Reprocessing plants are being established in most countries. However, trees will never be fully spared because of the use of wood fibres themselves. Pure pulp is rich in water, which provides for ample hydrogen bonding that holds fibres together when made into paper. But each time a fibre is cleaned, de-inked and dried in a reprocessing plant, only 80 per cent of the bonds are recovered. After four or five recyclings, a fibre can no longer make strong enough bonds. Engineers can do little that is economically viable to overcome this physical limitation, so they focus on reducing the cost of reprocessing fresher fibres. One main challenge is finding a better way to neutralize “stickies”, which is the mess of adhesives from stamps, labels, seals, tape, magazine spines and various other sources, that jam the machinery. The industry has been working for a decade to find a chemical process that will break down stickies, but no full solution has been found yet.



A) there is still much dependence in the paper industry on the use of wood pulp B) the world’s paper industry is still in its early stages and needs to upgrade itself in terms of efficiency and cost C) most countries regard this as minimal and, therefore, encourage the establishment of more paper plants D) this is not enough to save forests from total destruction due to widespread exploitation E) engineers are working hard to develop new technologies in order to increase the amount to 80 per cent



71. It is pointed out in the passage that as the number of recyclings increases ----. A) the dependence on wood fibres will no longer be necessary B) less and less pure pulp will be used in the paper industry 69. According to the passage, in the recycling of waste paper, ----.



C) the problem of adhesives becomes less and less serious and urgent



A) engineers have developed a chemical process to get rid of adhesives



D) the cost of reprocessing is reduced to a viable level



B) it is essential that, among other chemical procedures, de-inking is first to be completed to enable fibres to bond strongly



E) the ability of a fibre to make strong bonds decreases



C) there is actually no need to depend on pure pulp since the fibres are adequately bonded D) various countries have developed new techniques except for an effective solution for the removal of “stickies”



72. It is pointed out in the passage that engineers in the paper industry ----. A) do not regard “stickies” in waste paper as a serious challenge



E) one serious and costly handicap is the problem of adhesives that get stuck in the machines



B) have made a breakthough in strengthening the bonding capacity of recycled fibres C) are mostly interested in reducing the cost of reprocessing the fresher fibres found in waste paper D) do not consider the recycling of waste paper to be a viable way of making profit E) maintain that wood fibres make better paper although it can cost much more



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



15



A FEN BİLİMLERİ 74. It is clear from the passage that the tectonic plates in the Pacific Ocean ----.



73. – 76. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) move constantly and, thus, undermine the formation of a volcanic chain in the region



Mount Everest is the highest mountain on Earth above sea level, but it is not the world’s tallest. That honour goes to the Hawaiian volcano Mauna Kea. When measured from its base on the Pacific Ocean floor, it is about 1,000 metres taller than Mount Everest. Mauna Kea is part of a 5,600-kilometre-long chain of volcanoes stretching westward from the main Hawaiian island. This volcanic chain is formed by small convection streams called “hot spots”, just below the Earth’s crust, where magma rises from the hotter parts of the mantle, the region between the crust and the core of the earth. These hot spots melt sections of the tectonic plates moving above them, causing magma and bits of the molten plate to erupt onto the sea floor. Over time, the lava accumulates, forming a mountain that rises above sea level. The moving tectonic plates carry the newly-formed mountain away from its original location, as newer volcanoes continue to form in the same spot.



B) prevent the formation of convection streams that cause eruptions on the ocean floor C) are so thick that the so-called “hot spots” have no physical effect on them D) play a part in the formation of volcanic chains on the ocean floor E) cover the mantle so well that no eruption of magma can take place on the ocean floor



75. According to the passage, the lava which erupts onto the Pacific Ocean floor ----. A) mainly consists of magma but also includes small pieces of the molten tectonic plate B) is constantly dispersed in all directions because of the movements of the tectonic plates C) soon forms a chain of mountains that are relatively high but hardly rise above sea level



73. One understands from the passage that, as much of Mauna Kea is below sea level, ----.



D) flows from newly-formed mountains such as the Hawaiian volcano Mauna Kea E) can cover a very large area that may extend for thousands of kilometres in all directions



A) nobody knows how high it actually is since it cannot be measured precisely B) it looks lower than Mount Everest, but in fact, it is not when measured from its bottom C) its volcanic activity is actually much more extensive than is generally thought



76. In this passage, the writer ----.



D) the process of its geological formation is only now being revealed scientifically



A) gives an account of the benefits that convection streams provide to the Hawaiian Islands



E) the so-called “hot spots” on the ocean floor continue to add lava to its base



B) describes in detail the movements and effects of the tectonic plates under the Pacific Ocean C) gives information about how Mount Everest was formed D) explains how the volcanic chain extending across the Pacific Ocean was formed E) states that different types of volcanoes will continue to form across the Pacific Ocean



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



16



A FEN BİLİMLERİ 79. As is pointed out in the passage, the growth of planets in the early solar system ----.



77. – 80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) can only be understood through a close study of mesosiderites rather than pallasites



Meteorites offer glimpses of the earliest stages of planetary formation. Stony-iron meterorites come in two main classes: pallasites and mesosiderites, and it was previously thought they may have had similar origins. A new study, however, has revealed that their oxygen isotope properties differ and that they come from distinct places. Accordingly, the characteristics of mesosiderites suggest they came from the third largest asteroid, Vesta, which is the target of the NASA Dawn Mission. On the other hand, pallasites are made of mixed core-mantle material from a disrupted asteroid, indicating that extensive asteroid deformation was an integral part of planetary enlargement in the early solar system.



B) was mainly due to the oxygen isotope properties of certain meteorites C) depended on mixed core-mantle material from disrupted asteroids D) was essentially influenced by Vesta, which is the third largest asteroid E) was closely connected with the large-scale deformation of asteroids



77. According to the passage, while scientists think they know the asteroid from which mesosiderites came, ----.



80. As one learns from the passage, pallasites and mesosiderites ----.



A) its oxygen isotope properties need to be fully studied and explained



A) have their origins in various disrupted asteroids including the asteroid Vesta



B) the original asteroid with which pallasites are associated is not named C) its characteristics are only now being revealed in a series of new studies D) there are conflicting views among scientists as regards pallasites



B) provide us full knowledge of how planets were formed in the early solar system C) are the two major groups of meteorites that have a stony-iron nature D) played a formative role in planetary enlargement in the early solar system



E) the NASA Dawn Mission has not yet established its position in the solar system



E) have always remained a scientific mystery, which NASA is trying to unravel



78. As one understands from the passage, meteorites ----. A) are scientifically useful because through them is partially revealed the very early development of planets B) have been the major target of the NASA Dawn Mission, which is primarily concerned with planetary formation C) are made up of the material that has come from disrupted asteroids such as the asteroid called Vesta D) are known as either pallasites or mesosiderites, both of which have the same physical properties



TEST BİTTİ. CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.



E) clearly show that, in the early solar system, every asteroid underwent a process of structural disruption



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



17



ÜNİVERSİTELERARASI KURUL YABANCI DİL SINAVI (ÜDS) 7 EKİM 2007



İNGİLİZCE FEN BİLİMLERİ TESTİ CEVAP ANAHTARI A KİTAPÇIĞI



1. E



21. E



41. D



61. D



2. B



22. B



42. C



62. A



3. C



23. A



43. A



63. C



4. D



24. C



44. B



64. B



5. A



25. E



45. E



65. E



6. C



26. A



46. C



66. C



7. D



27. D



47. D



67. B



8. E



28. C



48. B



68. D



9. A



29. B



49. E



69. E



10. C



30. A



50. A



70. A



11. B



31. E



51. B



71. E



12. A



32. B



52. E



72. C



13. D



33. D



53. C



73. B



14. E



34. A



54. B



74. D



15. C



35. C



55. D



75. A



16. D



36. B



56. B



76. D



17. B



37. A



57. A



77. B



18. C



38. E



58. D



78. A



19. A



39. C



59. E



79. E



20. D



40. B



60. C



80. C



A İNGİLİZCE SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ 5. If adenosine triphosphate (ATP) supply does not ---- demand, muscle contraction ceases.



1. – 18. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. 1. Damage to the liver is the main health ---- for long-term heavy drinkers. A) consideration



B) conclusion



C) attentiveness



D) examination



A) make up for



B) keep up with



C) account for



D) run out of E) give up



E) regulation 6. A wise vegetarian does not solely ---- the products made of textured vegetable protein, but learns to use a variety of whole foods instead. 2. Health risks from pesticide exposure are probably small for healthy adults, but children, the elderly, and people with compromised immune systems may be ---- to some types of pesticide poisoning. A) hostile



B) substantial



C) severe



D) reversible



A) set out



B) take along



C) draw up



D) rely on E) make for



7. Insomnia is a difficulty in falling or staying asleep or a disturbance in sleep that ---- people feel as if they ---- insufficient sleep when they awaken.



E) vulnerable



A) makes / have had B) made / have C) has made / should have 3. The amount of alcoholic drinks a person can consume safely is ---- individual, depending on genetics, health condition, sex, body composition, age, and family history. A) violently



B) worthily



C) offensively



D) highly



D) had made / had had E) would make / had



E) loudly 8. During pregnancy, lead ingested by the mother ---- across the placenta, ---- severe damage on the developing foetal nervous system.



4. For people who have a family history of a genetic disorder but no symptoms, a predictive test can help ---- a person’s risk for developing the disorder in the future.



A) has moved / to have inflicted B) moves / inflicting



A) sustain



B) remove



C) had moved / having inflicted



C) determine



D) arouse



D) would move / to be inflicted



E) represent



E) moved / having been inflicted



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



18



A SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ 9. The first evidence that there are genetic factors in smoking ---- in the 1950s from studies which ---that identical twins tended to be more similar in their choice to smoke or not than did fraternal twins. A) could appear / would indicate



12. ---- 1992 and 1998, total lung cancer deaths in the United States declined 1.6% per year, but almost all of this decline was due to a decrease ---- 2.7% annually for men. A) During / in



B) Through / at



C) Over / about



D) Among / under



B) has appeared / had indicated



E) Between / of



C) had appeared / have indicated D) would appear / were indicating E) appeared / indicated



10. In an article published in 1990, scientists of the National Institute of Medical Research ---- more than 300 biological theories that ---- to account for senescence – the progressive and general deterioration that accompanies aging in humans.



13. People with an avoidant personality are oversensitive ---- rejection, and they have a strong desire ---- affection and acceptance.



A) were reviewing / attempted



A) with / in



B) to / for



C) about / over



D) through / with



B) have reviewed / should attempt



E) for / about



C) reviewed / had attempted D) would review / have attempted E) may have reviewed / attempt



11. If she ---- energy-spending activities into her daily routine when she was younger, she ---- a weightcontrol programme today. A) could incorporate / doesn’t have to attend B) incorporated / didn’t have to attend



14. ---- the immune system is intricate, its basic strategy is simple: to recognize the enemy, mobilize forces and attack. A) Although



B) If



C) Because



D) In case E) When



C) would incorporate / wouldn’t have had to attend D) had incorporated / wouldn’t have to attend E) was able to incorporate / hadn’t had to attend



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



19



A SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ 15. Scientists are developing various countertechnologies, from vaccines made of DNA to proteins that prime our blood to attack the malaria parasite ---- it is still inside the mosquito. A) so long as



B) as soon as



C) while



D) just as



19. – 23. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. It has been nearly two years since the last cases of SARS were reported in China. (19) ----, a new affliction has risen to take its place as a more deadly pandemic – avian flu. Also known as H5N1, this influenza virus is endemic to waterfowl and has shown a disturbing propensity (20) ---- the past nine years to infect chickens and human beings. Avian flu is the Ebola of the poultry world, a haemorrhagic fever that (21) ---- much bleeding from every orifice of its winged victims. It leads to extensive destruction of these animals in (22) ---- two days. When the virus jumps to humans, it (23) ---- very noticeable at first, but in fact, has a fatality rate as high as 33 per cent.



E) whether



16. According to geneticists, genetic testing (also called genetic screening) is useful ---- it is presented in such a way that people can understand what the limitations of the tests are and what the results mean. A) whereas



B) only if



C) even if



D) so that



19. A) As a result



B) Accordingly



C) Moreover



D) Likewise



E) before



E) Since then



20. A) over



B) through D) by



17. Most patients want to know even bad prognoses, but ---- a physician tells a given patient should be determined primarily by the patient, not the physician.



C) at



E) from



21.



A) how long



B) how many



A) upholds



B) spreads



C) how often



D) how much



C) causes



D) implements E) consists



E) how few



22. A) just



D) several



18. Excess vitamin A can cause toxicity, ---- it is taken all at once (acute toxicity) ---- over a long period of time (chronic toxicity). A) whether / or



B) not only / but also



C) both / and



D) neither / nor



B) any



C) most E) still



23.



E) so long as / and



A) was not



B) has not been



C) must not be



D) is not E) ought not to be



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



20



A SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ 26. Because adults dislike hearing babies cry, ----.



24. – 35. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.



A) infants sometimes stop crying if they have interesting things to watch



24. Whenever doctors consider prescribing a drug, ----.



B) the infant uses basic techniques for getting the caregiver to come closer



A) infrequent headaches or muscle strains can be relieved with over-the-counter drugs



C) babies learn very early to control their social environment



B) they must weigh the possible risks against the expected benefits



D) they try various techniques for soothing them



C) infants and very young children are at special risk of adverse drug reactions



E) the crying of healthy newborn infants is fairly characteristic in both pitch and rhythm



D) it’s necessary to accept a higher risk of a severe drug reaction to treat a life-threatening disease E) potential benefits and risks were seldom able to be determined with mathematical precision



27. Even though there is widespread publicity about the genetic causes of cancer, ----.



25. ----, but the question of its effect on health is less clear.



A) genetics actually plays a fairly minor role in the development of cancer



A) Some early research indicated that cycles of weight loss and gain presented risks for blood pressure and cardiovascular disease B) The very thinnest and the very heaviest people seem to be at greatest risk for all-cause mortality C) Gaining weight is a risk for health



B) scientists estimated that lung cancer was nine times higher among smokers than non-smokers C) epidemiologists generally agree that sufficient research evidence exists for infection D) the leading cause of cancer deaths for both women and men continues to be lung cancer



D) Being severely obese places a person at an elevated risk for several types of health problems and premature death E) Obesity is undesirable from a social point of view



E) these genes protect against cancer by providing the code for a protective protein



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



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A SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ 30. Anaemia means a deficiency of red blood cells, ----.



28. When people do not have insurance to obtain health care, ----. A) this reluctance has consequences for the management of their diseases



A) whereas the body replaces the plasma within 1 to 3 days after rapid haemorrhage



B) they are less likely to have regular medical attention and more likely to have a chronic health problem



B) but red blood cells are delivered from the bone marrow into the circulatory system C) so in sickle cell anaemia, the cells contain an abnormal type of haemoglobin called haemoglobin S



C) they need to be regularly checked for any serious disorder



D) which can be caused by either too rapid a loss or too slow a production of red blood cells



D) they have a wide experience of receiving health care, from the time they are children to the time they are adults



E) yet a person cannot absorb enough iron from the intestines in chronic blood loss



E) medical dominance began to decline and other types of health care providers became more prominent



29. Even if tumours grow in and disrupt the brain, ----.



31. Cholesterol is notorious as a possible factor in heart disease, ----.



A) cancers are named according to the organ or tissue in which they originate



A) so that the body regulates lipoprotein levels in several ways



B) cancer cells may continue to grow until they kill the organism



B) because each type of lipoprotein serves a different purpose



C) they can often be removed completely by surgery



C) but about one in 500 babies inherits a disease called hypercholesterolemia



D) certain brain diseases change the pattern of brain waves



D) although it circulates in the blood, mainly in particles called low-density lipoproteins



E) symptoms result when brain tissue is destroyed or pressure builds on the brain



E) yet it is essential for the functioning of all our cells



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



22



A SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ 34. ----, the jaw should be held in place with the teeth together and immobile.



32. People of all sizes eagerly try the best diet ever on the market, ----. A) in case they cannot afford to consult a physician



A) As many jaw fractures can be repaired surgically



B) hoping that this one will really work



B) Just as antibiotics are usually given to a person with a jaw fracture



C) as some diets do not offer a safe and effective plan for weight loss



C) Even though fractures can cause internal bleeding



D) in which they often offer distorted bits of legitimate research



D) If a jaw fracture is suspected E) While a blow powerful enough to fracture the jaw may cause bleeding within the skull



E) so that they do not have to conduct credible research on the benefits or dangers of their diet



35. Cancer cells are immortal; they can go on dividing indefinitely ----.



33. A team of medical researchers were granted financial support to explore ----.



A) once the body’s immune system normally recognizes a transformed cell as abnormal



A) whether there was a connection between autism and a newly discovered class of nerve cells in the brain called “mirror neurons”



B) but chemotherapy is used to treat metastatic tumours



B) although these observations must be taken into account in any final explanation of autism



C) as long as they have a supply of nutrients



C) that the most conspicuous feature of this disorder has been a withdrawal from social interaction



D) because this process has already been controlled E) insofar as many tumours, luckily, can be treated



D) when further investigations also supported the existence of mirror neurons E) if they have continued to investigate mirror neurons in different species



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



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A SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ 38. Since salts are lost from the body daily through sweat, urine and faeces, they must be replaced by dietary intake.



36. – 38. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz. 36. Even when we are not moving, our muscles are in a state of partial contraction known as “muscle tone”.



A) Ter, idrar ve dışkı ile her gün vücuttan kaybedilen tuzların telafi edilmesi ancak besin alımı yoluyla olur.



A) Hareket etmediğimizde bile, kaslarımız “kas tonüsü” olarak bilinen kısmî bir kasılma durumunda olur.



B) Her gün alınan besinler, vücudun ter, idrar ve dışkı yoluyla kaybettiği tuzların telafi edilmesini sağlar.



B) Hareket etmesek bile, bazı kaslarımız kısmen kasılır ve bu duruma “kas tonüsü” denir.



C) Tuzlar, her gün vücuttan ter, idrar ve dışkı yoluyla kaybedildiği için, besin alımı ile telafi edilmelidir.



C) “Kas tonüsü” olarak bilinen kısmî kasılma durumu, kaslarımız hareket etmediği zaman oluşur.



D) Her ne kadar ter, idrar ve dışkı yoluyla vücuttan her gün tuz kaybedilse de besin alımıyla bu kayıp telafi edilir.



D) “Kas tonüsü”, hareket etmediğimiz halde kaslarımızda oluşan kısmî kasılma durumuna verilen addır.



E) Vücuttan ter, idrar ve dışkı ile her gün önemli miktarda tuz kaybedilmesine rağmen, bu tuzlar besin alımı yoluyla hemen telafi edilir.



E) Eğer hareket etmezsek, kaslarımız “kas tonüsü” olarak bilinen kısmî kasılma durumunu sürdürür.



39. – 41. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz.



37. Brain activity can be studied by measuring and recording the “brain waves” given off by various parts of the brain when they are active.



39. Tiroid bezi işlevini yerine getirmediği zaman, bazal metabolizma hızı yaklaşık % 40 düşer.



A) Beyin faaliyetini tetkik etmek için ölçülen ve kaydedilen “beyin dalgaları”, beynin çeşitli bölümleri tarafından faal oldukları zaman yayılır.



A) Invariably, the basal metabolic rate falls to 40% as soon as thyroid function is reduced.



B) Beynin faal olan çeşitli bölümlerinden yayılan “beyin dalgaları”nı ölçerek ve kaydederek, beyin faaliyetlerini tetkik etme olanağı vardır.



B) When the thyroid gland does not carry out its function, the basal metabolic rate is reduced by about 40%.



C) Beyin faaliyetlerinin tetkik edilmesi demek, beynin o an faal olan bölümlerinin yaydığı “beyin dalgaları”nın ölçülüp kaydedilmesi demektir.



C) Since there is no thyroid function, the basal metabolic rate has dropped to a level of 40%. D) The reduction of the basal metabolic rate to a level of 40% is inevitable only if the thyroid ceases to function.



D) Beyin faaliyetini, beynin çeşitli bölümlerince faal durumda iken yayılan “beyin dalgaları”nı hem ölçerek hem de kaydederek tetkik etmek mümkündür. E) Beyin faaliyeti, beynin çeşitli bölümleri tarafından faal oldukları zaman yayılan “beyin dalgaları”nı ölçerek ve kaydederek tetkik edilebilir.



E) A 40% reduction of the basal metabolic rate occurs when the thyroid’s function is compromised.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



24



A SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ 40. Bebeklerin büyüme ve gelişmesinin, yedikleri yiyeceklerden etkilendiğini hepimiz biliyoruz.



42. – 46. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz.



A) As far as we know, the kind of food babies eat has much influence on their growth and development.



42. In the United States, more doctors are using hypnosis for procedures in which sedation is inappropriate or patients are allergic to anaesthetics. Yet not even the most enthusiastic proponents of hypnosedation suggest it can replace anaesthesia entirely. ----. Some 60% of patients are hypnotizable to some extent; an additional 15%, highly so. The rest seem to be unresponsive.



B) All of us know that the food babies eat can have some adverse effect on their growth and development. C) We are all aware of the fact that babies’ growth and development depend a great deal on the kinds of food they consume. D) We all know that the growth and development of babies are influenced by the food they eat.



A) Millions of Americans have employed hypnosis to stop smoking cigarettes or cut back on their eating



E) It is well known to us all that whatever food babies consume essentially affects their growth and development.



B) Meanwhile, studies using advanced scanning technology have shed additional light on how hypnosis works to block pain C) Since the early 1990s, hypnosis has increasingly been used in operating rooms as a substitute for or as a complement to anaesthesia D) This application, now widely employed in Europe, stems in part from studies showing that hypnosedated patients suffer fewer side effects than fully sedated ones do E) For one thing, not everybody can be hypnotized; to oversimplify, one must be open to the process first



41. Çoğu sindirim enzimi, yalnızca, sindirim kanalında yemek bulunduğu zaman üretilir. A) While food is passing through the digestive tract, a number of enzyme secretions take place. B) As soon as food enters the digestive tract, many digestive enzymes are produced. C) Most digestive enzymes are produced only when food is present in the digestive tract. D) Several kinds of enzymes are secreted into the digestive tract whenever there is food in it.



43. Before treatment was available, most people who had acute leukemia died within 4 months of diagnosis. Now many people are cured. ----. The disease returns in many, but 50 per cent of children show no signs of the leukemia 5 years after treatment. A) These symptoms include weakness and shortness of breath, resulting from too few red blood cells; infection and fever, resulting from too few normal white blood cells; and bleeding, resulting from too few platelets B) Common blood tests, such as the complete blood cell count, can provide the first evidence that a person has leukemia



E) Soon after food moves into the digestive tract, a large number of enzymes are secreted.



C) However, a bone-marrow biopsy is almost always performed to confirm the diagnosis and determine the type of leukemia D) For more than 90 per cent of people who have acute lymphocytic leukemia (usually children), the first course of chemotherapy brings the disease under control E) They are released into the bloodstream and transported to the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, brain, kidneys and reproductive organs, where they continue to grow and divide Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



25



A SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ 46. Some obese people who lose weight voluntarily benefit from their weight loss. Research on obese people who lost weight indicates that a 10% loss is sufficient to produce significant decreases in lifetime health risks and personal health-related expenditures. ----.



44. People adopt health-related behaviours in order to stay healthy and to combat disease. ----. However, all of these models have some limitations, especially in their ability to predict the health-related behaviours of people who lack the financial resources necessary to pursue proper medical attention.



A) Dieting is a good choice for some people but not for others



A) Several theoretical models have been formulated in an effort to explain and predict health behaviours, and most of these theories have some value in predicting and explaining health-related behaviour



B) The eating disorders that have received the most attention, both in the popular media and in the scientific literature, are anorexia nervosa and bulimia



B) Although the meaning of these models may seem obvious, their definitions have been elusive



C) Therefore, even modest weight loss can be important for those who are obese D) On the contrary, the factors that influence obesity in adolescents are the same as those in adults



C) The limitation of each of these models is their inability to accurately measure a number of social, ethnic and demographic factors that also affect people’s health-seeking behaviour



E) In addition, behaviour modification programmes with obese children have greater success in promoting permanent weight loss than similar programmes with adults



D) Among these stages is the necessity of overcoming their optimistic bias; that is, their belief that, although certain behaviours are dangerous, the danger pertains to other people and not to them E) In the United States and other Western countries, people are not “officially” ill until they are diagnosed by a physician, making physicians the gatekeepers to further health care



45. In the United States, child abuse is by no means a recent phenomenon, but the identification of child battering as a social problem and its definition as a crime did not occur on a national level until the 1960s. ----. Evidence began to accumulate that such beatings were common and a major source of injury for infants and children. A) One common result of intentional injuries is that abused children may be vigilant and feel threatened in a variety of situations – the world becomes a dangerous place



47. – 51. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz. 47. Diane : - Everyone knows that physical exercise lowers our risk for diabetes and heart disease, but do you know why? Ed : - ---Diane : - No, it’s because our bodies have evolved in such a way that our muscles need to be used in order for the rest of our bodies to remain healthy. A) Which types of exercise are best for people with heart disease?



B) Treating infants with skull and long bone fractures led paediatricians and radiologists to recognize that these injuries were caused by beatings



B) I am afraid overexercising makes joints, muscles, tendons, and bones ache. Don’t you agree?



C) Children who fail to thrive, especially during the first year of life, may never catch up developmentally or socially with their peers



C) I think swimming is one of the best forms of exercise, isn’t it?



D) Violence is a more common cause of injury and death in the United States than in other industrialized nations, with violent crimes occurring at a rate of about 8 per 1,000 people



D) Is it because exercise lowers the percentage of fat in our bodies? E) Well, the recommended heart rate for exercise is 60 per cent of a person’s estimated maximum heart rate.



E) Abused children also tend to be fearful about rejection, abandonment and additional abuse



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



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A SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ 50. Doctor : - ----



48. Ann : - My doctor told me that I should have screening for colorectal cancer.



Richard : - Why not? What’s wrong with it?



Kathy : - ----



Doctor : - Studies have shown that second-hand smoke has more toxins and cancer-causing chemicals than what smokers inhale from their cigarettes.



Ann : - Yes, I know; she said that I need a screening only as a preventative measure because of my age.



Richard : - Well, I guess I’d better be more careful, then.



Kathy : - That’s right. The disease has a higher prevalence in people 50 and older.



A) You really shouldn’t smoke, you know, when there are people around you.



A) You’ll need to be screened at regular intervals, won’t you?



B) Do you still smoke? You know it’s the leading avoidable cause of death!



B) Does she have a reason to believe you have the disease? C) Have you had a screening before? I had one last month. D) Don’t you know that diet plays some role in the risk of colon cancer?



C) Your heart and lungs will be affected negatively if you don’t quit smoking soon. D) How many packs of cigarettes do you smoke every day? E) Many work places and public places have banned indoor smoking.



E) But that doesn’t necessarily mean you have colorectal cancer.



51. Kelly : - My doctor says that I have something called pre-diabetes.



49. Christopher : - My aunt went to the doctor because she thought she had flu, and the doctor said she was ill from carbon monoxide poisoning.



Eric : - ----



Patricia : - ---Christopher : - Yes, and it’s a good thing she found out in time. She’ll have to have it checked and repaired.



Kelly : - Maybe not, if I exercise and watch what I eat. A) What are the symptoms? B) Does that mean you are going to develop diabetes?



Patricia : - I think that people should be educated more about carbon monoxide, so that they can take precautions against it.



C) Do you think I should get my glucose levels checked, too?



A) I think the doctor must have made a mistake.



D) Could you give me your doctor’s name and telephone number?



B) How strange! There must be a problem with her heating system.



E) I wonder whether you’ll have to change your diet.



C) Carbon monoxide? Where did that come from? D) She’s lucky she only became ill. Many people die from carbon monoxide poisoning each year. E) She should have had a carbon monoxide monitor installed in her home.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



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A SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ 55. (I) Almost everyone has experienced heartburn at one time or another, usually after a meal. (II) Heartburn is the painful sensation a person feels when the cardiac sphincter fails to prevent the stomach contents from refluxing into the esophagus. (III) As a matter of fact, anyone who has heart trouble should consult a doctor. (IV) This may happen if a person eats or drinks too much or both. (V) Tight clothing and even changes of position (lying down, bending over) can cause it, too, as can some medications and smoking.



52. – 56. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. 52. (I) Anything that irritates the eyes can also irritate the eyelids and cause swelling. (II) The most common irritant is an allergy, which can make one or both lids crinkled or swollen. (III) Allergic reactions may be caused by medications instilled into the eyes, such as eyedrops; other drugs or cosmetics; or pollen or other particles in the air. (IV) Insect stings or bites as well as infections from bacteria, viruses, or fungi can also cause the eyelids to swell. (V) In fact, tears are salty fluid that continuously bathes the surface of the eye to keep it moist. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



C) III



D) IV



E) V



E) V



53. (I) When a person eats too much, metabolism favours fat formation. (II) The human body can digest a wide variety of plant and animal tissues, converting these foods into usable proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. (III) The digestive system takes in food, processes it into particles that can be absorbed, and excretes the undigested wastes. (IV) The particles that are absorbed through the digestive system are transported through the bloodstream so as to be available to the whole body. (V) This provides the energy for activity as well as the materials for body growth, maintenance and repair. A) I



B) II



E) V



56. (I) Some people have especially active, decaycausing bacteria in their mouth. (II) A parent may pass these bacteria to a child, presumably by kissing. (III) However, one must understand that not all tooth pain is caused by cavities. (IV) The bacteria flourish in the child’s mouth after the first teeth come in and can then cause cavities. (V) So a tendency toward tooth decay that runs in families doesn’t necessarily reflect poor oral hygiene or bad eating habits. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



54. (I) The relationship between genes and proteins was first proposed in 1909 when English physician A. Garrod suggested that genes dictate phenotypes through enzymes, the proteins that catalyze chemical processes in the cell. (II) The idea came from his observations of inherited diseases. (III) He hypothesized that an inherited disease reflects a body’s inability to manufacture a particular enzyme, and he referred to such diseases as “inborn errors of metabolism”. (IV) The function of a gene is to dictate the production of a specific enzyme. (V) His hypothesis was ahead of its time but research conducted decades later by other scientists proved him right. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



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A SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ 58. It is pointed out in the passage that, through pain, ----.



57. – 60. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Pain is a signal that protects us from harmful stimuli. An excess of any type of stimulus such as pressure, heat, cold, excessive mechanical stretch, and specific chemical compounds stimulates pain receptors. In the human body, pain receptors are the tips of certain sensory neurons found in almost every tissue. However, most internal organs are poorly supplied with pain receptors. For this reason, pain from internal structures is often difficult to locate. In fact, pain is often not projected back to the organ that is stimulated. Instead, it is referred to an area just under the skin that may be some distance from the organ involved. The area to which the pain is referred is connected to nerve fibres from the same level of the spinal cord as the organ involved.



A) the relationship between the spinal cord and an internal organ becomes extremely compromised B) the function of the organs in the body is seriously reduced C) the area in an internal organ which is most affected by a harmful stimulus can be identified right away D) it is extremely easy to determine the excess of a harmful stimulus in an internal organ E) we become aware of those stimuli in the body that can have an adverse effect



59. As can be understood from the passage, the stimulation of pain receptors ----. A) is much stronger in an internal organ than in any other area of the body B) takes place only if the stimulus endangers the organs C) depends a great deal on the kind of chemical compounds found in the body



57. According to the passage, although most of our body is thoroughly equipped with pain receptors, ----.



D) occurs when any tissue in the body is overstimulated



A) this is not true for all the internal organs B) it is in the internal organs that they function most efficiently



E) clearly indicates the somatic importance of the spinal cord



C) they are mostly located in the tissues of some internal organs D) some of them are far more sensitive than others E) the pain caused by heat and cold is much stronger than other kinds of pain



60. It is explained in the passage that when a pain occurs in an internal organ, ----. A) it can be located immediately through the work of certain sensory neurons B) it is usually felt in an area under the skin, which may not be close to the organ itself C) pain receptors throughout the body begin to work efficiently D) it is obvious that the organ cannot cope with a wide range of harmful stimuli E) the connection between the organ and the spinal cord is seriously disrupted



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



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A SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ 62. It is pointed out in the passage that the kidneys ----.



61. – 64. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Our kidneys excrete metabolic wastes and help regulate the volume and composition of body fluids. Their vital function is compromised in more than 13 million people in the United States who suffer from kidney disease. In fact, kidney disease ranks fourth in prevalence among major human diseases in the United States. Kidney function can be impaired by infections, poisoning by substances such as mercury, lesions, tumours, kidney stones, shock or circulatory disease. For instance, one of the most common kidney diseases both in the United States and in the world is glomerulonephritis, which is related to the damage of the kidney’s filtering units. The damage is thought to result from an autoimmune response.



A) have an autoimmune system which is very efficient, especially against poisoning B) have a very efficient filtering system which is immune to certain infections C) are responsible only for the excretion of waste matter from the body D) can fail to function properly owing to a wide range of causes E) can be easily infected once a tumour begins to grow in them



63. As one understands from the passage, the kidneys play a role ----. A) in the partial filtration of various types of fluids in the body B) especially in regard to the concentration of mercury in the body C) in the efficient circulation of body fluids



61. As pointed out in the passage, glomerulonephritis ----.



D) in the body’s response to various infections



A) is the failure of the kidney function caused by various infections and other factors



E) in relation to the fluids in the body



B) is widespread and occurs when the kidney fails to filter properly C) becomes a deadly disease when the kidney’s autoimmune response fails D) has a limited extent of prevalence throughout the United States E) can cause serious damage to the filtering units of the kidney



64. The author suggests that ----. A) the spread of kidney disease in the world will continue to increase B) the immune response may be the cause of the impairment of the kidney’s filtration function C) the number of people who suffer from kidney disease in the United States will remain stable D) glomerulonephritis can lead to the growth of tumours in the kidneys E) mercury is the only substance that has a devastating effect on the kidneys



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



30



A SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ 66. It is suggested in the passage that an environmental influence ----.



65. – 68. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. The causes of schizophrenia are unknown, although the disease has a strong genetic component. Studies of identical twins show that if one twin has schizophrenia, there is a 50% chance that the other twin will have it, too. Since identical twins share identical genes, this indicates that schizophrenia has an equally strong environmental component, the nature of which has not been identified. Current treatments for schizophrenia focus on brain pathways that use dopamine as a neurotransmitter. Despite their ability to alleviate symptoms, many of the drugs used to treat schizophrenia have such negative side effects that patients frequently stop taking them. Now that the human genome has been sequenced, there is a vigorous effort under way to find the mutant genes that predispose a person to the disease. This effort includes sequencing DNA from families with a high incidence of schizophrenia.



A) is not of primary importance in understanding the type of schizophrenia a patient has B) must be completely ruled out in the diagnosis of schizophrenia C) need not be taken into account in a genetic study of schizophrenia D) is also considered to be as significant as the genetic factor in schizophrenia E) has a very minimal share in a patient’s predisposition to schizophrenia



67. It is clear from the passage that the treatment of schizophrenia through the use of drugs ----. A) is most suitable especially in the case of twins with identical genes B) is the most effective therapy which is commonly practised in the medical world C) has serious drawbacks and, hence, is often disrupted



65. As one understands from the passage, identification of genetic mutations that contribute to schizophrenia ----.



D) also has to take into account the patient’s social environment E) is least concerned with the role of dopamine in the brain



A) can only be useful in the treatment of the disease if the use of drugs is also continued B) will take a very long time before an effective treatment for the disease can be developed C) is being actively pursued D) is not a solution since there are different forms of the disease E) has led to a wide range of new therapies that are particularly effective for the disease



68. As one learns from the passage, the current genetic studies of schizophrenia ----. A) also focus on the families in which the disease has a high rate of occurrence B) have already produced positive results for more efficient therapies C) are mostly concerned with cases of twins and how they can be treated effectively D) have already radically changed the norms of treatment for the disease E) totally leave out the role of the environmental component in the incidence of the disease



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



31



A SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ 70. As it is pointed out in the passage, there are so many nerve fibres in the spinal cord that ----.



69. – 72. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Protected inside the bony vertebrae of the spine is an inch-thick gelatinous bundle of nervous tissue called “the spinal cord”, which acts as the central communication conduit between the brain and the rest of the body. Millions of nerve fibres carry motor information from the brain to the muscles, while other fibres bring sensory information from the body to the brain. In its structure and functions, the spinal cord may be compared to a transcontinental telephone cable jam-packed with wires, each of which carries messages both ways. But what happens if that cable is cut? Signals cannot get through, communication is lost, and the cable must be repaired or replaced. In humans, though, this is not a simple process due to the sensitive nature of the spinal cord. The spinal cord is rarely severed because the vertebrae provide rigid protection. However, a traumatic blow to the spinal column and subsequent bleeding, swelling and scarring can crush the delicate nerve bundles and prevent signals from passing. The result may be a debilitating injury.



A) the appearance reminds one of a telephone cable consisting of innumerable wires B) each has a different function to perform for the brain C) it takes no time for the messages to reach the brain D) any injury to them can be absolutely fatal E) their delicate nature makes them vulnerable to injuries



71. As one understands from the passage, while a severed telephone cable can be repaired or replaced, ----. A) the vertebrae make it impossible for us to treat the spinal cord B) the nerve bundles inside the spinal cord need to be carefully treated C) this is not so easy with the spinal cord due to its very delicate structure D) this is not the case with the spinal cord due to bleeding and swelling



69. According to the passage, the spinal cord in the human body ----.



E) in the case of the spinal column the procedure takes a long time



A) is very sensitive to external blows and can be easily injured B) only carries the brain’s messages to all the parts of the body C) is far more intricate and vulnerable than a mere telephone cable



72. As pointed out in the passage, the communication between the brain and all the other parts of the body ----.



D) is not affected by swelling and scarring caused by an injury



A) is extremely complicated due to the structure of the spinal column



E) can almost never be completely cut as it is wellplaced within the vertebrae



B) is maintained by nerve fibres through the spinal cord C) is not affected even when the vertebrae are injured D) can still be maintained even though the spinal cord is broken E) depends a great deal on the proper functioning of the brain



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



32



A SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ 74. As one can understand from the passage, the causes of immune deficiency ----.



73. – 76. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Immune deficiency, which in fact means an inadequate immune response, may occur for several reasons. For example, it is a side effect of most chemotherapy drugs used to treat cancer. Immune deficiency also occurs naturally. Although the immune system is not functional at birth, infants are protected by antibodies they have received from their mother through the placenta, and infants who breastfeed also receive antibodies from their mother’s milk. These antibodies offer protection until the infant’s own immune system develops during the first months of life. In rare cases, the immune system fails to develop, leaving the child without immune protection. Exposure to any virus or bacterium can be fatal to these children. Therefore, they are sealed into sterile quarters to isolate them from the microorganisms that are part of the normal world.



A) in an infant can be understood easily, as the development of the immune system is yet in its early stage B) can sometimes be traced to a microorganism such as a virus C) are fundamentally linked with chemotheraphy, which is used in cancer treatment D) in children can be traced back to the first months after birth E) may vary



75. It is clear from the passage that, at birth, infants ----. A) have a non-functioning immune system, and so rely on antibodies from their mother’s milk for protection against microorganisms B) have a relatively well-developed immune system and are therefore well-protected against viruses or bacteria 73. According to the passage, the development of a child’s immune system ----.



C) are so exposed to viruses or bacteria that the rate of mortality is usually very high



A) is not of vital importance since the child is always protected by various antibodies



D) hardly need antibodies gained from breastfeeding to protect them against the fatal effects of disease-causing bacteria and viruses



B) begins in the placenta before birth and is completed at birth



E) have a very strong immune system which enables them to cope with viruses



C) depends completely on the protective nature of antibodies in the mother’s milk D) is only completed a few months after birth E) is closely related to the child’s physical development and, hence, takes a very long time



76. It is clearly pointed out in the passage that, occasionally, there may be cases when ----. A) chemotherapy drugs have no effect whatsoever on the occurrence of immune deficiency B) there occurs a failure in the development of a child’s immune system C) even antibodies do not provide protection for the infant in the placenta D) child mortality may not be related to children’s exposure to viruses or bacteria E) the mother’s milk does not contain antibodies to protect the infant in the first months of life



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



33



A SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ 78. As pointed out in the passage, many people already infected with HIV ----.



77. – 80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. People who believe they may be infected with HIV, as well as those who know they are, can benefit from various psychological interventions. People with high-risk behaviours may have difficulty deciding whether to be tested for HIV, and psychologists can provide both information and support for these people. A significant minority of homosexual and bisexual men, intravenous drug users, and a larger proportion of heterosexual men and women with multiple partners and inconsistent users of condoms have never been tested for HIV. Indeed, an estimated 70% of people who are HIV-positive have not been tested and thus do not know their HIV status. Because HIV infection has a long incubation period, at-risk heterosexual men and women may contaminate others for years before they learn they have HIV. However, people learning of an HIVpositive test result typically react with increased anxiety, depression, anger and distress. Therefore, trained psychotherapists are needed to help such people cope with their diagnosis.



A) have agreed to be tested and undergo long periods of treatment B) have been receiving help from psychotherapists to overcome their psychological problems C) are not aware of their own situation because they have not been tested D) mostly include intravenous drug users and heterosexual men with multiple partners E) have been identified through a number of tests they have taken



79. One learns from the passage that because it takes a long time before HIV infection reveals itself, ----. A) heterosexual men and women with HIV may already have infected many other people B) homosexuals deliberately avoid taking HIV tests and, thus, endanger themselves C) intravenous drug users think that they are free from any infection D) this does not mean that bisexual men cannot be infected



77. It is clearly emphasized in the passage that psychological help ----. A) and the clinical treatment of HIV are two different procedures which are irrelevant to each other



E) homosexuals and heterosexuals must be tested regularly to make sure that they are free from HIV



B) plays a minimal role in the treatment of HIV patients C) has not proven to be useful in the treatment of HIV patients because they often do not want to cooperate with psychotherapists



80. It is suggested in the passage that when people discover that they are HIV-positive, they ----. A) adopt an indifferent attitude and continue to live their usual life



D) is often ignored in HIV treatment not only by patients but also by physicians



B) begin to act responsibly by refraining from contaminating others



E) can be beneficial to patients with HIV infection



C) usually experience various negative feelings D) seek help and support from psychotherapists and apply for treatment E) volunteer to undergo a series of tests in order to obtain the most effective treatment



TEST BİTTİ. CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ. Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



34



ÜNİVERSİTELERARASI KURUL YABANCI DİL SINAVI (ÜDS) 7 EKİM 2007



İNGİLİZCE SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ TESTİ CEVAP ANAHTARI A KİTAPÇIĞI



1. A



21. C



41. C



61. B



2. E



22. A



42. E



62. D



3. D



23. D



43. D



63. E



4. C



24. B



44. A



64. B



5. B



25. E



45. B



65. C



6. D



26. D



46. C



66. D



7. A



27. A



47. D



67. C



8. B



28. B



48. E



68. A



9. E



29. C



49. B



69. E



10. C



30. D



50. A



70. A



11. D



31. E



51. B



71. C



12. E



32. B



52. E



72. B



13. B



33. A



53. A



73. D



14. A



34. D



54. D



74. E



15. C



35. C



55. C



75. A



16. B



36. A



56. C



76. B



17. D



37. E



57. A



77. E



18. A



38. C



58. E



78. C



19. E



39. B



59. D



79. A



20. A



40. D



60. B



80. C



A İNGİLİZCE SOSYAL BİLİMLER 4. The search for truth ---- rational guidelines, and, though some of our subjects may lie on the outer limits of scientific research, we examine them through science’s lens.



1. – 18. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. 1. Foreshadowing is an established literary ---- that adds layers of meaning to events or details in films and literary works. A) reference



B) indication



C) device



D) deception



A) demands



B) relates



C) reaches



D) orders E) establishes



E) appreciation



5. The term “geography” ---- the English language in the 16th century from Latin and ultimately Greek, at the time when European navigators were beginning to explore Africa and the New World.



2. Due to its geographical position, ---- historical heritage, and strategic importance, Strasbourg was chosen as a seat for various European institutions. A) familiar



B) rich



A) broke into



B) turned out



C) fluent



D) elective



C) carried away



D) went on E) came into



E) subsequent



6. If this business goes on in such an awful way, it will ---- hundreds of unemployed.



3. The endlessly flat landscape and thousands of miles of well-maintained cycle tracks make cycling an ---- popular activity in the Netherlands. A) additionally



B) effectively



C) ultimately



D) extremely



A) do without



B) hang around with



C) end up with



D) go up against E) make out for



E) accurately



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



35



A SOSYAL BİLİMLER 10. Smoking ---- in almost all segments of the American population, so that, in various polls, 60 to 65% of Americans ---- non-smokers today.



7. Although there ---- some growth in the non-oil sector, Nigeria ---- dangerously reliant on hydrocarbon revenues. A) has been / remains



A) declines / may have been



B) had been / would remain



B) has declined / are



C) was / would have remained



C) had declined / would be



D) must be / has remained



D) could have declined / will be



E) is / had remained



E) declined / were



11. If a new environmental or safety rule ---- in the auto industry, executives warn that the company ---- money.



8. In 1972, two collective burials ---- under an overhanging rock at Qilakitsoq, a small Inuit settlement on the west coast of Greenland, ---- to about A.D. 1475.



A) were to be proposed / had lost



A) are discovered / dated



B) had been proposed / would have lost



B) were discovered / dating



C) will be proposed / is going to lose



C) have been discovered / having dated



D) were proposed / should lose



D) had been discovered / having been dated



E) is proposed / will lose



E) were being discovered / having to be dated



9. In 1989, Jennifer Johnson of Sanford, Florida, ---the first woman ---- of transferring cocaine to her unborn baby through the umbilical cord.



12. Tibetan monks, who are experts ---- meditation, rid themselves of negativity ---- augmenting the brain’s gamma waves, which can be measured in a lab.



A) was becoming / having been convicted B) has become / to convict



A) of / from



B) on / about



C) would become / to be convicting



C) for / through



D) in / by E) at / towards



D) became / to be convicted E) had become / convicting



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



36



A SOSYAL BİLİMLER 16. ---- the average education level of the women in the United States is higher than that of their male counterparts, they are highly concentrated in underpaid and menial jobs.



13. One can see ---- a glance why small children are immediately attracted ---- these noisy, colourful toys. A) at / to



B) in / by



C) with / for



D) by / with E) of / to



A) Although



B) Now that



C) Until



D) As if E) In case



17. Despite the passage of a decade since its opening, the Maritime Museum in Istanbul remains undeservedly little-known today ---- a lack of publicity.



14. Children can benefit from their experiences ---they retain information from these experiences over time. A) that



B) even though



A) instead of



B) in spite of



C) so long as



D) so



C) contrary to



D) as to



E) while



E) owing to



18. ---- in France, where it was a pleasure strictly limited to the aristocracy, in the British Isles drinking chocolate was made available to the middle classes from the outset.



15. ---- fiction gives something more than pleasure, it hardly justifies itself as a subject of study. A) Because



B) Unless



C) When



D) If



A) Except



B) Rather



C) Unlike



D) Just as E) Besides



E) After



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



37



A SOSYAL BİLİMLER 24. – 35. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.



19. – 23. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. Statutes are usually framed in more or less general terms, and, in order to apply these general terms to particular cases, interpretation becomes necessary. (19) ---- the famous Byzantine Emperor Justinian but also the framers of the Prussian and Napoleonic Codes (20) ---- to take away this power of interpretation from the judiciary. But these efforts and similar ones all failed because interpretation is (21) ---- whenever a written formula has to be applied to a particular case. When interpreting the meaning of a legal rule, the judge must first discover the true facts of the case before him, and secondly, he must find out (22) ---- the legislator intended him to do (23) ---- the existing circumstances.



24. ----, but he had a reputation for blurring the line between fact and fiction. A) In the early twentieth century, some Americans were still hunting whales much as they had in Herman Melville’s day B) For “Moby-Dick”, Herman Melville drew on scientific, historical, and journalistic accounts of whales C) Once a whale washed ashore, it was bound to end up as someone’s property D) Whales entered early American law through the question of who owned them when E) There is no shortage of whaling histories for a Melville aficionado to turn to



19. A) Not only



B) Even if



D) Both



C) The more



E) As



20. A) may have attempted B) attempted C) are attempting D) have been attempting E) could have been attempted 25. Whenever attitude researchers ask participants questions, ----. 21. A) influential



B) incomparable



C) impressive



D) plausible



A) researchers would have probably needed to demonstrate that the scientific benefits of the research outweighed the possible ethical costs B) this is especially so when a person’s attitude runs counter to a prevailing norm



E) unavoidable



C) researchers have devised several techniques to overcome such problems



22. A) that



B) which D) what



D) the techniques often raised questions about research ethics, especially if participants did not know their attitudes were being measured



C) why E) whoever



E) there is the possibility that participants will be reluctant to reveal their true feelings



23. A) after



B) towards D) over



C) on



E) under



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



38



A SOSYAL BİLİMLER 26. Thanks to the popularity of nature documentaries on TV, ----. A) many observers have noted high biological productivity around seamounts and islands B) biologists know much less about the migration of marine species C) the healthy populations of pelagic fish are in a worldwide decline because of over-harvesting



28. If teamwork were taught along with reading, writing and mathematics, ----. A) some of the research in this area would centre on bad behaviours that degrade a team’s performance B) it is only after a great tragedy or triumph that the importance of teamwork is drawn into the spotlight C) there would be enormous benefits to students and society alike



D) there has been an increase of environmental awareness among people from all walks of life



D) a crucial question that should be asked before putting a team together is whether you need one at all



E) in Africa every year, hundreds of thousands of wildebeests and zebras leave their traditional habitats to avoid the dry season



E) a successful team would deal with its members who do not contribute anything to the group



27. ----, whose drums marked the hours of the emperor’s day.



29. As most businesses in Southeast Asia have remained as family enterprises and not attained a global dimension, ----.



A) Most Chinese emperors in the past led a prosperous life



A) in the wake of the 1997 financial crisis, Southeast Asia had been overtaken by China and India



B) In Beijing, during imperial times, no structure was permitted to be taller than the Drum Tower



B) some are being left behind by foreign businesses



C) The female members of the imperial family in China were not allowed to take an interest in the affairs of the State



C) across Southeast Asia, the impact of the 1997 crisis was closely related with the degree of corruption in the banking system



D) Of the numerous gardens within the Forbidden City, the Imperial Garden is the most accessible



D) today, South Korea and Taiwan are four times richer than Malaysia and ten times richer than Indonesia



E) The Forbidden City in modern Beijing has been extensively renovated and, thus, made more attractive for visitors



E) compared with other regions of the world, Asia’s income gap is slowly decreasing



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



39



A SOSYAL BİLİMLER 30. In a recently published paper, it is pointed out that China has produced much of the world’s rice for many decades, ----.



32. In 1993, the philanthropist Henry Buhl bought a rare gelatin-silver print of a Stieglitz photograph of Georgia O’Keeffe’s hands, ----. A) which was the beginning of a collection he continued to amass over the years



A) but in these rice paddies, nitrogen-based fertilizer has, to a large extent, replaced animal manure



B) if he would have had over a thousand images of hands



B) so it is another change in agricultural practice that has the unintended side benefit of reducing methane emissions



C) so the Guggenheim is exhibiting more than a hundred and seventy of them



C) what is more, these rice farmers are using less water than they did before



D) when it is an interesting way to contemplate the history of photography, among other things



D) yet for the past 30 years, the area devoted to rice agriculture there has fallen from about 37 million hectares to about 27 million



E) and they include a shot by Robert Capa and a portrait of Nusch Eluard by Dora Maar



E) and this change in how rice is grown in China reduces the amount of methane given off



33. Muğla has always preserved its traditional cultural fabric, ----.



31. One of the first questions the archaeologist must face ---- is to decide the cause of death.



A) if you’d like to take a journey through its history



A) since the area has been explored for remains



B) yet it constitutes a unique model for Turkish traditional architecture



B) whatever happens to bones between the time they are deposited and dug up



C) although the luxury tourist centres that surround it have not



C) on which a great deal of work is currently focussed



D) so it has links to resort towns such as Bodrum, Köyceğiz, and Marmaris



D) even though few scholars went further than labelling animals as either wild or domestic



E) because it started to urbanize rapidly with the founding of Muğla University



E) when he or she is interpreting animal remains



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



40



A SOSYAL BİLİMLER 34. Hierapolis was a famous spa in Roman times ----.



36. – 38. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz.



A) since the founder of the city was the emperor Antiochus ll of the Seleucid dynasty B) when it was founded in the second quarter of the 3rd century B.C. C) because the only shrines that remain today are a temple of Apollo and the cave-sanctuary of Pluto D) just as Pamukkale is today E) even if these date from the Hellenistic period



36. Due to high fertility and the high number of young people in the population, the proportion of adolescents in the total global population is likely to increase in the coming years. A) Doğurganlık oranı ve genç nüfusun sayısı dikkate alındığında, ergenlerin toplam küresel nüfus içindeki oranının önümüzdeki yıllarda artma olasılığı oldukça yüksektir. B) Yüksek doğurganlık ve nüfus içindeki gençlerin yüksek sayısı nedeniyle, toplam küresel nüfusta ergenlerin oranı, gelecek yıllarda muhtemelen artacaktır. C) Ergenlerin toplam küresel nüfus içindeki oranının önümüzdeki yıllarda artması, yüksek doğurganlığa ve nüfus içindeki genç sayısının yükselmesine bağlıdır. D) Yüksek doğurganlığın ve nüfustaki gençlerin yüksek sayısının sonucu olarak, gelecek yıllarda, toplam küresel nüfus içinde ergen oranı giderek yükselecektir. E) Yüksek doğurganlığa ve genç nüfusun artışına bağlı olarak, yetişkinlerin toplam küresel nüfus içindeki oranı, gelecek yıllarda kademeli bir şekilde yükselecektir.



35. In the 1950s, particularly in the Unites States, logistics as a business concept began to gain ground ----. A) whereas the need for expert logisticians became imperative 37. It has been estimated that the number of tourists visiting China will grow by the end of this decade to about 50 million.



B) that it was a branch of military science C) because businesses expanded and reached out both to far-flung markets and sources of materials, creating complex supply chains



A) On yıl sonra, Çin’i ziyaret eden turist sayısında meydana gelecek artışın 50 milyonun üstünde olacağı hesaplanmaktadır.



D) when the world of commerce as we know it today would have been impossible without the logistics industry



B) Önümüzdeki on yılın içinde, Çin’i ziyaret eden turist sayısındaki artışın aşağı yukarı 50 milyon olacağı tahmin ediliyor.



E) in that logistics companies have become more sophisticated with today’s increasing globalisation



C) Tahmin edileceği gibi, bu on yılın sonunda, Çin’i ziyaret eden turist sayısı artarak yaklaşık 50 milyonu bulacaktır. D) Çin’i ziyaret eden turist sayısındaki artışın 50 milyona ulaşmasının yaklaşık on yılı bulacağı tahmin ediliyor. E) Çin’i ziyaret eden turist sayısının bu on yılın sonuna kadar yaklaşık 50 milyona yükseleceği tahmin edilmektedir.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



41



A SOSYAL BİLİMLER 38. All oil-producing African countries have agreed in principle to set aside a certain percentage of the revenues they earn from oil exports in order to establish a common investment fund. A) Petrol ihracatından sağladıkları gelirlerin belirli bir yüzdesini ayırarak ortak yatırım fonu kurmayı amaçlayan tüm petrol üreten Afrika ülkeleri ilke anlaşmasına varmışlardır. B) Ortak bir yatırım fonu oluşturmak için, petrol üreten Afrika ülkelerinin tümü, ilke olarak, petrol ihracatından sağladıkları gelirlerle belirli bir oranda katkı yapma konusunda anlaşmaya varmışlardır. C) Belirli bir oranın üzerinde petrol üreten Afrika ülkeleri, petrol ihracatından elde edilen gelirlerle ortak yatırım fonu oluşturmak için ilke anlaşmasına varmış bulunuyorlar. D) Petrol üreten tüm Afrika ülkeleri, ortak bir yatırım fonu kurmak amacıyla, petrol ihracatından elde ettikleri gelirlerin belirli bir yüzdesini ayırmak için ilke olarak anlaşmışlardır. E) Petrol üreten Afrika ülkelerinin tümü, petrol ihracatından elde ettikleri gelirlerin belirli bir yüzdesini ayırarak ortak bir yatırım fonu oluşturma ilkesinde de anlaştılar.



40. İspanya’da on dokuzuncu yüzyıl sonları, yaygın siyasal yolsuzluklara bir tepki olarak gelişen anarşizmle birlikte ulusal bir çöküş dönemiydi. A) The later decades of the nineteenth century in Spain were a period of national decline as well as anarchism, which emerged as a reaction against extensive political malpractice. B) The late nineteenth century in Spain was a period of national decline, along with anarchism developing as a response to widespread political corruption. C) As a response to extreme political decadence, anarchism developed in Spain in the late nineteenth century, which was a period of national decline. D) Anarchism in Spain came into being in the late nineteenth century, also known as a period of national decline, as a response to widespread corruption in politics. E) The end of the late nineteenth century in Spain marked a period of national decline, which was also noted for anarchism developing as a struggle against extreme political corruption.



41. Öteki Avrupalılara kıyasla, Almanların daha uzun yıllık tatilleri olduğu ve yurt dışı gezilere daha çok para harcadıkları bir gerçektir.



39. – 41. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz.



A) It is true that, compared with other Europeans, the Germans have longer annual holidays and spend more money on foreign travel.



39. 930’dan Norveç’le birleştiği 1262’ye kadar bağımsız bir cumhuriyet olan İzlanda, bağımsızlığını 1944 yılında geri kazandı.



B) It is admitted that, comparatively, the Germans enjoy longer annual holidays than other Europeans and save a lot of money for their foreign travels.



A) Though an independent republic since 930, Iceland was taken over by Norway in 1262 and only regained its independence in 1944. B) Iceland, annexed by Norway in 1262, had been an independent republic since 930, and became independent again only in 1944. C) Iceland had been an independent republic between 930 and 1262 when it was invaded by Norway, becoming a republic again in 1944.



C) The fact that, unlike other Europeans, the Germans are entitled to longer holidays each year and put aside more money for their travels abroad is undeniable. D) Truly, contrary to other Europeans, the German people tend to have longer annual holidays and are prepared to spend more money on their travels abroad.



D) Before it united with Norway in 1262, Iceland had, as it is today and has been since 1944, been an independent republic since 930.



E) When the Germans are compared with other Europeans, it is clear that their annual holidays are longer and the money they spend for their travels abroad is much more.



E) Iceland, which was an independent republic from 930 to 1262 when it joined with Norway, regained its independence in 1944.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



42



A SOSYAL BİLİMLER 44. Photo interpretation in archaeology is the process by which features photographed from the air, such as soil-marks, are analyzed in order to deduce the types of archaeological structures causing them. ----. Such plans may guide excavation to key points in a structure, place field-collected data in context, or themselves be used as the starting point for new research.



42. – 46. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz. 42. Unlike wine, whisky does not change after it has been bottled. ----. The first rule to respect is to keep whisky bottles upright so that the alcohol is not in contact with the cork. It should also be kept away from all sources of heat in order to avoid drying out the cork, which would allow air to get into the bottle.



A) Archaeologists may use aircraft to search the ground for traces of former sites in the landscape B) Given that the visibility of features varies from year to year, photos taken over several years need to be studied to compile an accurate plan



A) Keeping a young whisky in a bottle and putting an old whisky in a decanter combines aesthetic pleasure with the joy of tasting



C) The aerial photograph also highlights an interesting earlier feature: a shallow Neolithic ditch running across the middle of the fort



B) One question which is often asked, and over which whisky lovers are divided, concerns whether or not to use a decanter



D) Soil marks may reveal the presence of varied ditches, banks or foundations



C) However, it is advisable to take some precautions to assure its longevity D) The Classic Malts Collection owes its considerable success since its launch in 1988 as much to the quality of the whisky as to the excellent design of the six bottles that make up the range



E) Those who take and use aerial photographs must understand the means by which the evidence is made visible in order to determine the type of feature that has been recorded



E) Marketing and design have revolutionized the whisky industry, especially the manufacture of containers



45. Near-death experiences are relatively stereotyped in format. ----. They often describe sensations like “floating” or “flying”. These experiences can also cause fear or a feeling of detachment, but they are usually described as intensely “real” – not at all like a dream or a hallucination.



43. The scientific study of facial expression has largely focused on the way in which facial expressions communicate emotions. ----. In fact, subsequent research generally identified six basic emotions (happiness, surprise, sadness, fear, disgust and anger) and their related facial expressions, from which more complex or blended emotions are derived.



A) People who have had such experiences say that they seemed to be no longer in their own body but outside it, looking down on themselves from two or three metres above



A) In this respect, Darwin suggested that there are only a small number of universal emotions and that these are associated with universal facial expressions



B) Survivors of these experiences may, weeks later, experience a surge of emotionality, as if emotions of every sort were being stimulated or released



B) Similarly, tears are an acceptable display of sadness at a funeral but not on hearing disappointing news in a business setting



C) Sometimes, near-death experiences are followed by a sudden onset of musical or artistic interest



C) These rules exist because of the important communicative function of facial expressions



D) Tony Cicoria reported seeing a bluish-white light that surrounded him and having a sense of ecstacy



D) People from a variety of Western, Asian and tribal cultures were remarkably accurate in identifying the six emotions



E) Similar near-death experiences have often been described by people who have been, or believed themselves to be, in great danger



E) For instance, the expression of emotion is encouraged for women in Mediterranean cultures but is discouraged for men in northern European and Asian cultures



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



43



A SOSYAL BİLİMLER 46. Adults who abuse children were almost always abused themselves, but not all people who were abused during childhood become abusers. ----. However, children who do not form such relationships are at high risk to become abusers themselves.



47. – 51. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz. 47. Steve : - It’s clear that, during his time in office, former US President John F. Kennedy inspired many people to enter public service.



A) Biological fathers are much more likely than mothers to abuse their children B) These children often grow to adulthood displaying aggressive behaviours, lacking the ability to adequately express emotions, and having inadequate cognitive and problem-solving skills C) Older children and adolescents are even more likely to be witnesses and victims of such violence



Gary : - ---Steve : - Actually, some people think that his extramarital affairs and his elegant style made him more interesting, so that people wanted to follow his call to serve their country. Gary : - You may be right about that.



D) Many have experiences that compensate for the abuse, forming relationships that allow them to feel valued and safe in some ways and grow up to become good parents



A) What about his contribution to American civil rights?



E) School-age children and adolescents who are abused may exhibit symptoms of psychopathology or behaviour disorders



B) I’ve read he was a near-professional level golfer, but didn’t want the public to know it. C) I think the public loved his wife Jackie as much as the president himself, didn’t they? D) There’s no strong evidence that he was assassinated as the result of a conspiracy. E) But what about his reputation as a wealthy womanizer? Didn’t that work against him?



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



44



A SOSYAL BİLİMLER 48. Geri : - Did you know that there’s a new kind of test that shows us our true ideas about certain topics? Alfred : - ----



50. Marian : - Do you remember China’s “one child” policy, where each family was allowed to produce only one child in order to reduce the country’s population? Helen : - Yes, of course I do. The policy has created a huge imbalance in the male-to-female population ratio, due to the fact that many couples abort their female foetuses.



Geri : - It’s more than that; this test can show us opinions and prejudices that we didn’t even know we had!



Marian : - ----



Alfred : - Well, it sounds interesting. Where did you find this test?



Helen : - It did, but only recently, and many couples are still doing it even though it’s against the law.



A) What’s the test called? B) Oh, you mean like a personality test? C) How do you know that the test is reliable?



A) I think that abortion should be allowed only in medical emergencies.



D) Have you taken the test yet? What were the results like?



B) How can they bring themselves to do that? C) Why don’t they want to have a girl?



E) You’re really interested in this kind of thing, aren’t you?



D) Didn’t the couples think before deciding to have a child? E) But I thought the Chinese government made abortion illegal.



49. Della : - Did you know that Eugene O’Neill was the son of a Shakespearean actor? Hector : - ----



51. Geneveive : - Did you know that nuclear weapons are regularly transported by truck to inspection facilities in the US and the UK?



Della : - That’s right. Instead, he started acting in plays where he could make more money, and Eugene spent his first seven years travelling with him while he was acting in such a play.



Carl : - ----



Hector : - I suppose that had an effect on the plays that Eugene O’Neill would write in the future.



Geneveive : - Yes; it’s extremely dangerous. If there were a traffic accident and some of the weapons were to explode, many people would die.



A) No, I didn’t. Did Eugene O’Neill act as well? B) And he had a long and distinguished Shakespearean career.



Carl : - I suppose the trucks would also be a target for terrorist attacks, wouldn’t they?



C) Didn’t he have a brother who died at the age of two? D) Yes, but didn’t his father give up acting Shakespeare?



A)



Isn’t that a bit risky?



B)



Why do they do that?



C) What is your opinion of this practice?



E) He won the Pulitzer Prize a year after his death, for Long Day’s Journey into Night.



D) I don’t support the idea of nuclear weapons, anyway. E) Can’t the weapons inspectors travel instead of transporting the weapons?



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



45



A SOSYAL BİLİMLER 55. (I) Good reading involves criticism, for choice necessitates judgement. (II) In a good story every element works with every other element for the accomplishment of the central purpose. (III) Yet there are no easy rules for literary judgement. (IV) Such judgement depends ultimately on our perceptivity, intelligence, and experience. (V) It is a product of how much and how alertly we have lived and how much and how well we have read.



52. – 56. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. 52. (I) Why do people pursue self-esteem? (II) Most people would answer that having self-esteem makes you feel good. (III) They found that participants who had their self-esteem raised had lower psychological arousal and reported less anxiety. (IV) There is probably a grain of truth here, but on the other hand, there are causality issues to be addressed. (V) So actually, rather than self-esteem producing happiness, feeling happy may inflate self-esteem. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



C) III



D) IV



E) V



E) V



53. (I) A longstanding issue in European prehistory is that of the so-called megalithic monuments. (II) Similarly, in the 19th century, megaliths were seen as the work of a single group of people, who had migrated to western Europe. (III) These are impressive prehistoric structures built of large stones. (IV) In general, the stones are arranged to form a single chamber, buried under a mound of earth and entered from one side, and the chambers may be large with a long entrance passage. (V) Human remains and artifacts are usually found within these structures, and it is clear that most served as collective burial chambers, i.e., tombs for several people. A) I



B) II



E) V



56. (I) In the film Amistad, Steven Spielberg expresses his outrage at the institution of slavery. (II) That is, he makes something that enables the film audience to feel the same kind of outrage toward slavery that he feels. (III) Clearly, the artist at the start felt deeply about slavery. (IV) He then set out to give to his audience a similar feeling. (V) On the contrary, these configurations stimulate differing emotional states in the audience. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



54. (I) Why is it important for engineering students to study engineering ethics? (II) Several notorious cases that have received a great deal of media attention in the past few years have led engineers to gain an increased sense of their professional responsibilities. (III) Most engineers are, on the whole, motivated by the size and social impact of their projects. (IV) These cases have led to an awareness of the importance of ethics within the engineering profession as engineers realize how their technical work has far-reaching impacts on society. (V) Indeed, the work of engineers has always affected public health and safety and influenced business practices and even politics in society. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



46



A SOSYAL BİLİMLER 58. As regards the use of the terms “law” and “laws”, the writer claims that ----.



57. – 60. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. We commonly speak of both law and laws, and these terms, though not used with precision, point to two different aspects under which legal science may be approached. The laws of a country are thought of as separate, distinct, individual rules; the law of a country, however much we may analyse it into separate rules, is something more than the mere sum of such rules. It is, rather, a whole, a system which orders our conduct and in which the separate rules have their place and their relation to each other and to the whole. Moreover, it is never completely exhausted by any analysis, however far the analysis may be pushed, and however much the analysis may be necessary to our understanding of the whole. Thus, each rule which we call a law is part of the whole we call the law. Lawyers generally speak of law; laymen more often of laws.



A) there needs to be a common approach among the lawyers of a country B) lawyers and the people outside the legal profession share the same view C) each country has a different approach because of its distinct legal system D) it is not lawyers but laymen who need to be more precise E) there is not much clarity since both terms are often confused



59. As is emphasized in the passage, there can be no limit to ----. A) the political laws that constitute the totality of a country’s legal system B) the number of the laws in a country that are distinct from each other 57. It is pointed out in the passage that, in legal science, the term “law” ----.



C) an analysis of a country’s law, however extensive the analysis may be



A) is very ambiguous and cannot be clearly defined due to the variety of meanings it has



D) what meanings and interpretations laymen can make of the laws of a country



B) signifies a whole which, as a system, embodies all the separate rules referred to as laws



E) the variety of laws that can be included within the law of a country



C) refers to the different aspects of a country’s legal system and, hence, is difficult to explain D) has always been controversial and, therefore, cannot be interpreted accurately E) has a limited meaning that does not deserve any analysis or understanding



60. As can be understood from the passage, the laws of a country, ----. A) though varied and numerous, embody a common goal for the country’s peace and prosperity B) which lawyers are expected to interpret precisely, indicate the efficiency of the legal system C) whether understood properly or misinterpreted, are necessary for the well-being of society D) which can also be understood accurately by laymen, are seldom related to each other E) though separate and distinct from each other, are essentially interrelated



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



47



A SOSYAL BİLİMLER 62. As one understands from the passage, in the aftermath of September 11, Muslims in America ----.



61. – 64. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Four years ago in 2003, when Paul Barrett first began planning an ambitious book on Muslims in America, who would have thought that the topic would still be of such urgent interest by the time it was published early this year? But, if anything, intervening events have made Barrett’s exploration of American Muslims more timely and important than ever. With the United States even more deeply embroiled in warfare in Iraq and Afghanistan, with sectarian conflict exploding within the Muslim world, with tensions high among Muslim populations in Europe, and with relations strained between some leaders of the Christian and Islamic religions, readers need as much information as they can get about Islam and its adherents. In his book, Barrett notes that, despite being targets of suspicion in the wake of the attacks of September 11, Muslims in America, as a group, offer a perfect illustration of old-fashioned American assimilation. Overall, they are prosperous, well-educated, politically active, and successful in business and the professions.



A) experienced a wide range of economic handicaps and political setbacks B) formed a group that ambitiously pursued their professional objectives C) began to resist full assimilation into American society and culture D) began, according to Barrett, to be regarded as potentially dangerous E) were involved in sectarian conflicts that divided them politically



63. It is suggested in the passage that although Barrett’s book was published four years after its initial planning in 2003, ----. A) it has captured the attention of the reading public due to the events that took place during this period B) the facts that it relayed about Muslims in America had already been revealed to the reading public C) the war in Iraq was deliberately excluded from it because of the uncertainty about the outcome D) its predictions about the consequences of the American involvement in the Middle East were proven by the developments during this period



61. It is clear from the passage that Paul Barrett’s book ----.



E) it dwelt solely on a comparison of Christianity and Islam, leaving out a number of other important current issues



A) presents a socially, politically and economically very positive picture of Muslims in America B) focuses completely on the political achievements of Muslims in America C) seems to present a somewhat cynical view of the way of life of American Muslims D) is mainly concerned with how the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have affected American Muslims



64. According to the passage, there are several reasons ----. A) why the relations between the Christian and Muslim leaders in Europe have been broken B) that can be put forward for the American involvement in Iraq and Afghanistan



E) has failed to arouse any significant interest among American Muslim readers



C) for the sectarian conflicts that are taking place in Iraq and elsewhere in the Muslim world D) why readers should be attracted by any study, such as Barrett’s, related to Islam and Muslims E) for the war in Iraq, which has already increased tensions between the United States and Europe



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



48



A SOSYAL BİLİMLER 66. It is pointed out in the passage that much of Kierkegaard’s most striking writings ----.



65. – 68. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Kierkegaard was one of the most original thinkers of the nineteenth century in Europe. He wrote widely on religious, philosophical, and literary themes. However, his peculiar manner of presenting some of his leading ideas initially obscured their fundamental significance. He developed his views in strong opposition to prevailing opinions, such as certain metaphysical claims about the relation of thought to existence. He reacted against the ethical and religious theories of Kant and Hegel. Moreover, he opposed the doctrines and ideas which were being advanced by some of his contemporaries like Feuerbach and Marx. His discussion of the human condition, which emphasizes the significance of individual choice, has arguably been his most striking philosophical legacy, particularly for the growth of existentialism.



A) restate the views and theories which prevailed and were commonly shared in his time B) were based on the ethical and religious theories that had been formulated during earlier centuries C) were widely read and discussed by his contemporaries in Europe in the nineteenth century D) are limited to topics related to religion and philosophy E) deal with the idea of individual choice



67. It is suggested in the passage that because Kierkegaard expressed his major ideas in an unusual personal way, ----. A) their essential importance was not recognized at first B) he was widely appreciated and fully understood by his contemporaries C) he immediately became famous as a philosopher in nineteenth-century Europe D) they were very influential on other philosophers, including Feuerbach and Marx E) most thinkers in Europe sensed that he was formulating a new philosophy



65. It is clear from the passage that, in view of his focus on the question of individual choice, Kierkegaard can be regarded as ----. A) the only thinker in the nineteenth century who was concerned with metaphysical matters



68. The point is made in the passage that Kierkegaard ----.



B) a follower of Kant and Hegel, whose ethical and religious ideas inspired him greatly



A) approved of certain metaphysical arguments concerning the relation of thought to existence



C) the philosopher who led the way for the development of existentialist philosophy



B) relied heavily on Kant and Hegel for the development of his own philosophy



D) the philosopher who explained the religious and philosophical aspects of human existence



C) was a thinker, some of whose ideas were unusual for his time



E) a major thinker who influenced his contemporaries, including Feuerbach and Marx



D) clearly defined what existentialism meant for a full understanding of human existence E) benefited a great deal from the philosophical legacy of his predecessors



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



49



A SOSYAL BİLİMLER 70. In the passage, the writer points out that while on the one hand, describing other countries or peoples in general terms may be misleading, on the other, ----.



69. – 72. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. We have all heard people from other countries described in very general terms. For instance, it has been said that “Germans work hard” and “Americans are friendly”. Such generalizations or stereotypes are very crude, and common sense tells us that not all Germans work hard and not all Americans are friendly. At the same time, there appears to be some truth in these generalizations since people from different countries share different characteristics. What these crude statements acknowledge, however, is that people from different countries have distinctive cultures and social customs. A society’s culture includes its customs, values, beliefs, ideas and the artifacts it produces. Attitudes towards such things as work, leisure, wealth, the role of women, and the value of education in one society’s culture might be significantly different from the attitudes and values found in another society’s culture. This is also the case regarding attitudes found in different countries towards politics and the political system.



A) generalizations of this kind may be true to some extent B) one must make an effort to appreciate and understand their culture C) it is important for us to have a friendly attitude towards them D) we must do our best to ignore the differences among them E) such generalizations are useful especially in understanding the value of education



71. The writer suggests that political attitudes ----. A) in a country are fundamentally influenced by education B) vary greatly from country to country C) in a society have nothing to do with its cultural values D) towards women in society must be constructive E) in a country cannot be differentiated from the attitudes towards work and leisure



69. It is stressed in the passage that each country ----. A) attaches much importance to its own social customs and educational system B) has developed a political system which may differ from its social and cultural values



72. The writer states that the customs, values, and beliefs of a society ----.



C) can be identified through its people’s attitudes towards other countries and peoples D) has its own special characteristics and, hence, is culturally and politically unlike the others



A) may have some impact on its educational system B) are a poor guide to the nature of that society C) should be excluded from its political system



E) shares with other countries a wide variety of values and attitudes



D) must always uphold the role of women in that society E) are among the elements that make up its culture



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



50



A SOSYAL BİLİMLER 74. The writer claims that British people ----.



73. – 76. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) do not share the policies adopted by other European countries towards the United States



The way in which British people view Britain’s role in the world is still influenced by its past. Today Britain is an important regional power, but in the recent past it was a world power. Until World War II, Britain ruled the largest empire that the world has ever known. Incredible as it may seem today, during the 1920s, almost one-fifth of the world’s population lived under British rule. But the empire disappeared rapidly during the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s as the colonies that had made up the empire gained their independence. In the aftermath of the empire, British leaders were not very successful in adapting to play a much smaller part in world affairs. However, Britain’s allies made it clear that they no longer saw Britain as a major force in world politics. The “special relationship” which was said to exist between Britain and the United States weakened as other European countries, particularly Germany, recovered after World War II. So, whereas London had been recognized by American leaders as the “capital” of Europe during the 1940s and the 1950s, Bonn was seen as the new capital of Europe during the 1960s.



B) attach great importance to relations with the United States C) think of Britain’s place in world politics today in terms of their imperial past D) still regard the former colonies, along with the United States, as their lasting and strongest allies E) no longer think that the political legacy of their empire has any significance whatsoever



75. The writer asserts in the passage that the demographic and territorial size of the British Empire ----. A) remained unchanged right into the 1960s, when some colonies began to gain their independence B) was the cause of much hostility from Germany and other European countries C) led American leaders into thinking that Germany was not a major force in world politics D) was an indication of the fact that Britain had a large number of colonies seeking independence E) was so vast that no other empire in world history was ever a match for it



73. The point is made in the passage that, during the period following World War II, ----. A) London and Bonn were equally regarded by the world as the major political centres of Europe



76. In the passage, the writer ----.



B) the American attitude towards Britain was still one of admiration and strong cooperation



A) depicts a very distorted picture of Britain’s colonies in their struggle for independence



C) the Americans followed a policy of neutrality towards Britain and Germany



B) points to the fact that Britain is still an important European power



D) Britain lost the empire and so ceased to be a leading power in the world



C) explains how American political leaders deliberately undermined Britain’s relations with Germany



E) Britain and the United States formulated a set of new policies to strengthen their relationship



D) approves the political strategies formulated by British leaders in the aftermath of World War II E) discusses the economic reasons for the decline of the British empire



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



51



A SOSYAL BİLİMLER 78. As one learns from the passage, despite their current economic success, ----.



77. – 80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Developing markets, historically the domain of hyperinflation and political manipulation, now enjoy high surpluses, thanks to record commodity prices and severe fiscal discipline. Since 2001 these economies have achieved three times the average annual per-capita economic growth of their developed counterparts and now represent a quarter of global output. Stocks in emerging markets are causing much excitement among investors. However, too much excitement invites peril. Emerging markets have undeniably changed in the past decade, but lately they are looking overgrown, and even a minor crisis could send them tumbling. And while the potential triggers for a fall have changed, they are still there. As economies in the developing world get stronger, governments are getting more assertive and meddling with both companies and neighbouring countries, increasing political risk.



A) emerging markets are not trusted by companies since there is always the possibility of political manipulation B) developing economies are still far from overcoming hyperinflation C) governments in the developing world have maintained their fight against hyperinflation D) developed economies remain unconcerned about the potential of a severe crisis E) the countries in the developing world have traditionally suffered from hyperinflation 79. It is emphasized in the passage that although investors are excited by the stock market situation in emerging markets, they ----. A) are always prepared for a risk of hyperinflation which could send stock prices tumbling B) know that these markets now represent a quarter of global output C) must be aware of the fact that these markets can be risky since they are potentially very fragile D) feel that severe fiscal discipline introduced by governments puts their investments at high risk E) are very critical of governments’ meddling with companies and neighbouring countries



77. It is clear from the passage that, over the last few years, ----.



80. According to the passage, as the economic strength of the developing world increases, one of the drawbacks this leads to is that ----.



A) the economies of the developed countries have had so much growth that its effects on emerging markets have been harmful



A) prices of commodities and stocks reach higher levels, opening the way to hyperinflation and political manipulation



B) stock prices in emerging markets have been relatively stable due to very harsh fiscal measures introduced by governments



B) governments begin to interfere in the affairs of their neighbours and, hence, may cause political risk



C) inflation rates in the developing world have shown an upward trend because of political manipulation and poor economic performance



C) governments get into fierce competition with each other in order to double their share in global output



D) emerging economies have performed so well that their growth has been much higher than the growth achieved by the developed world E) governments of developing economies have taken every measure in order to avoid the kind of political crisis that may trigger an economic collapse



D) investors begin to be seriously concerned about the future of stock and commodity prices E) the annual per-capita growth slows down owing to high surpluses and record commodity prices



TEST BİTTİ. CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



52



ÜNİVERSİTELERARASI KURUL YABANCI DİL SINAVI (ÜDS) 7 EKİM 2007



İNGİLİZCE SOSYAL BİLİMLER TESTİ CEVAP ANAHTARI A KİTAPÇIĞI



1. C



21. E



41. A



61. A



2. B



22. D



42. C



62. D



3. D



23. E



43. A



63. A



4. A



24. B



44. B



64. D



5. E



25. E



45. A



65. C



6. C



26. D



46. D



66. E



7. A



27. B



47. E



67. A



8. B



28. C



48. B



68. C



9. D



29. B



49. D



69. D



10. B



30. D



50. E



70. A



11. E



31. E



51. A



71. B



12. D



32. A



52. C



72. E



13. A



33. C



53. B



73. D



14. C



34. D



54. C



74. C



15. B



35. C



55. B



75. E



16. A



36. B



56. E



76. B



17. E



37. E



57. B



77. D



18. C



38. D



58. E



78. E



19. A



39. E



59. C



79. C



20. B



40. B



60. E



80. B



A İNGİLİZCE FEN BİLİMLERİ 5. In recent years, carbon dioxide (CO2), a naturally occurring greenhouse gas, has been ---- as a result of activities such as the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation.



1. – 18. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. 1. Marine biodiversity ensures that ecosystems recover relatively quickly after an accidental or natural ----. A) disturbance



B) hesitation



C) encouragement



D) dedication



A) setting out



B) building up



C) going out



D) coming in E) reaching up



E) spectacle



6. The movement of electrons within electromagnetic waves ---- some of the wave’s energy, affecting the properties of the wave and how it travels.



2. According to kinetic theory, the absolute temperature of a gas is directly ---- to the average kinetic energy of the molecules. A) experimental



B) fundamental



C) negligible



D) proportional E) exceptional



A) tells off



B) puts in



C) finds out



D) uses up E) goes around



3. At times during the last Ice Age the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation was ---- weaker than it is today. A) pleasantly



B) rarely



C) considerably



D) directly



7. Some evolutionary biologists argue that if the clock of evolution ---- to the beginning and allowed to run again to the present day, the resulting animals on Earth ---- very different from the ones we know now.



E) fully



A) has been rewound / would have been B) is rewound / will be C) might be rewound / will have been 4. In the 1940s, computer pioneer Konrad Zuse began to ---- that the universe might be nothing but a giant computer continually executing formal rules to compute its own evolution. A) denounce



B) pressurize



C) empower



D) evade



D) had been rewound / had been E) could be rewound / might be



E) speculate



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



1



A FEN BİLİMLERİ 11. Until recently, some scientists ---- that many individuals of the same species ---- specific tasks better than the same number of individuals from different species.



8. Scientists who ---- alert the world to the existence of a hole in the stratospheric ozone layer recently reported that this feature of the atmosphere ---widening soon. A) help / would stop



A) will think / are performing



B) have helped / might have stopped



B) were thinking / will perform



C) helped / may stop



C) think / ought to perform



D) will help / might stop



D) had thought / would be performing



E) had helped / has stopped



E) thought / could perform



9. Meteorites ---- the best available record of the chemical and physical processes that ---- during the first million years of our solar system’s history.



12. Archaeological records show evidence ---- local plants being used as medicine ---- ancient Egyptian and Stone Age times.



A) provide / occurred B) are providing / have occurred



A) about / at



B) of / in



C) with / by



D) from / for



C) had provided / occurred



E) on / to



D) could provide / would occur E) provided / might occur



10. Today one third of the carbon dioxide (CO2) given off by burning fossil fuels ---- the oceans, thus ---their naturally alkaline pH.



13. The Weddell seal can swim under the ice ---- a depth of 500 metres ---- more than an hour without coming up for air.



A) is entering / reduces B) enters / reducing C) had entered / will reduce



A) to / between



B) in / during



C) at / for



D) on / through E) with / about



D) will enter / reduced E) would enter / having reduced



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



2



A FEN BİLİMLERİ 14. ---- providing energy, proteins provide the raw materials for building the body’s tissues and regulating its many activities. A) According to



B) As regards



C) Despite



D) In addition to



19. – 23. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. Among the earliest events in fruit fly development are those that determine which end of the egg cell will become the head and which end will become the tail. These events (19) ---- in the ovaries of the mother fly and involve communication between an unfertilized egg cell and the cells next to it. One of the first genes activated in the egg cell produces a protein that leaves the egg cell and signals neighbouring follicle cells. Then these follicle cells (20) ---- to turn on genes for other proteins, which signal back to the egg cell. One of the egg cell’s responses is to localize a specific type of mRNA at one end of the cell. This mRNA marks the end of the egg (21) ---the fly’s head will develop, and thus defines the fly’s head-to-tail axis. (22) ----, other egg cell genes direct the positioning (23) ---- the top-to-bottom and side-toside axes.



E) Contrary to



15. The theory posits that Earth’s climate changes ---- cyclic variations in the way it orbits the sun. A) in place of



B) in case of



C) so as to



D) in view of E) as a result of



19.



16. Life on Earth would be impossible without water, ---- all life forms, from bacteria to plants and animals, contain it. A) since



B) even so



C) unless



D) that



A) instruct



B) dispel D) identify



C) embrace E) occur



20.



E) when



B) such / that



C) so / as



D) much / like



B) stimulate



C) are stimulated



D) have been stimulated



E) are stimulating



17. Obtaining nutrients is of ---- vital importance ---both individual organisms and ecosystems are structured around the central theme of nutrition, the process of taking in and using food. A) more / than



A) will be stimulated



21. A) who



B) what D) where



C) whom E) how



E) either / or 22.



18. Butterflies have some characteristics that are ---for professional scientists to understand ---amateur enthusiasts. A) easier / than



B) the easiest / as



C) as easy / so



D) so easy / that



A) On the contrary



B) Similarly



C) Nevertheless



D) Despite this



E) As a result



23.



E) easiest / like



A) behind



B) to



C) about



D) of E) at Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



3



A FEN BİLİMLERİ 27. Having taken in more carbohydrates than it needs, ----.



24. – 35. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.



A) sugar can contribute to nutrient deficiencies only by displacing nutrients



24. Long before Linnaeus established his system for naming plants in the 18th century, ----.



B) the body uses glucose to meet its energy requirements, fills its glycogen stores to capacity, and may still have some left over



A) around the world, orchids have long been symbols of fertility and potency as in the Greek legend of Orchis



C) researchers agree that unusually high doses of refined sugar can alter blood lipids to favour heart disease



B) the common names of flowers should be highly evocative or imaginative



D) high-fibre foods not only add bulk to the diet, but are economical and nutritious



C) early attempts at growing orchids had consisted of placing plants in pots filled with a thick mixture of rotting wood and leaves



E) a high-fat diet raises the risks of heart disease, some types of cancer, hypertension, diabetes and obesity



D) many Amazonian orchids are referred to locally as “monkey love-potions” E) people throughout the world called plants by their own inventive names



28. ----, yet the “software programmes”, or genes, inside our bodies have not changed much in thousands of years. 25. While air quality may improve with increased biofuel use, ----.



A) Computer software has come down in price by half annually



A) water quality can suffer due to over-use of fertilizers and overdrawn water supplies



B) There is a gene that tells fat cells to hold on to every calorie in order to protect the body during periods of starvation



B) worldwide ethanol demand has pushed up the cost of corn by 25% and sugar by 100%



C) Scientists are researching new methods to overcome the difficulties of gene therapy



C) meanwhile, fuel crops had increased in value



D) A human gene is composed of two sets of 23 chromosomes



D) the energy balance of today’s ethanol is positive E) 75 million gallons of biodiesel and 4 billion gallons of ethanol were made last year



E) Our computers and other electronic devices typically have their software updated every few months



29. ---- because at these speeds they can propel the car without using engine power.



26. When sunlight hits a raindrop, ----. A) a ray of sunlight actually consists of a mixture of differently-coloured light



A) The two-mode hybrid systems contain two electric motors surrounding two planetary gear sets



B) a typical raindrop is spherical in shape C) the rainbow is actually a circle which is centered on the point that is directly opposite the sun from the observer



B) At higher velocities, engine power is required C) The systems can deliver continuous power in the required amounts



D) there is a reduction in its speed and this causes the light to bend



D) Single-mode hybrid automobile systems are more fuel-efficient at lower speeds



E) refraction is the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another



E) Two-mode systems switch between modes without the driver realizing it



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



4



A FEN BİLİMLERİ 33. Physical activity limits the rise in blood glucose that would normally occur after a meal ----.



30. Biological psychology is interdisciplinary by nature ----.



A) but aerobic exercise is typically recommended for people who want to lose weight



A) now that about half the people who have advanced degrees in psychology will work in colleges and universities



B) since research is ongoing in this area



B) if our treatment of consciousness reflected both the biological and cognitive perspectives



C) whereas it takes weeks to months of aerobic training to improve physical fitness



C) since it seeks to establish relationships between pyschological processes and biological ones



D) that it will be required only under certain specific conditions



D) just as biological researchers have often attempted to explain psychological principles in terms of biological ones



E) by making insulin work better in moving glucose into muscle



E) and so cognitive science and cultural psychology are further examples of this phenemenon



31. Most viruses cannot survive very long outside a living host cell, ----.



34. ----, astronomers want to take pictures of galaxies of various ages from infancy to maturity.



A) although temperate bacteriophages do not always destroy their hosts



A) Because Hubble has taken long exposures of small patches of sky



B) but the type of attachment proteins on the surface of a virus determines what type of cell it can infect



B) In order to get an idea of what the Milky Way might have looked like in the past



C) since viruses have several ways to penetrate animal cells



C) Even though old galaxies were smaller in size and more irregular in shape than modern ones



D) so their survival depends to a great extent on their being transmitted from animal to animal



D) As one would expect, if today’s galaxies formed from the union of several smaller ones



E) yet under a microscope, most bacteria appear similar in size and form



E) If the rate of star formation reached its peak around seven billion years ago



32. ----, it is now actually quite a simple matter to make electrons oppose the “push” of applied electric and magnetic fields.



35. RNA interference, ----, can turn specific genes off. A) that a new technology could be developed



A) Although this process might have seemed impossible in the past



B) whose ability to understand the brain was accelerating



B) Rather than the wave reacting to an individual molecule



C) just as hypertension in animals is common



C) Whether there is a collective response of milions of molecules



D) in that nanoparticles can latch onto cancer cells



D) Because one wants to understand how negative refraction can arise



E) which scientists have only recently begun to understand



E) Since much remains to be done to turn such visions into reality



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



5



A FEN BİLİMLERİ 38. Even if all fossil-fuel power stations worldwide were switched off tomorrow, global temperatures would continue to rise for another fifty years.



36. – 38. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz.



A) Fosil yakıta dayanan enerji santralleri tüm dünyada durdurulsa bile küresel sıcaklıkların hızla artması sorunu en az bir elli yıl daha çözülemeyecektir.



36. Most scientists are of the opinion that hurricane Katrina, which caused colossal damage to the coastal areas of Louisiana in America, was clearly linked with global warming.



B) Tüm dünyadaki fosil yakıtla çalışan enerji santralleri yarın kapatılsa bile, bu durum küresel sıcaklığın artmasını elli yıl daha durduramaz.



A) Pek çok bilim adamı, Amerika’da Louisiana sahil bölgelerinde büyük tahribata yol açan Katrina kasırgasının, küresel ısınmanın bir sonucu olduğu görüşünü benimsemektedir.



C) Eğer fosil yakıtlı enerji santralleri tüm dünyada hemen kapatılabilse, küresel sıcaklık ancak elli yıl daha yükselmeye devam eder.



B) Çoğu bilim adamı, Amerika’da Louisiana’nın sahil bölgelerinde çok büyük hasara neden olan Katrina kasırgasının, küresel ısınmayla açıkça bağlantılı olduğu görüşündedir.



D) Fosil yakıt kullanan enerji santralleri yarın tüm dünyada kapatılsaydı, küresel sıcaklığın artması sadece elli yıl sürerdi.



C) Pek çok bilim adamına göre küresel ısınmayla açıkça bağlantılı olan Katrina kasırgası, Amerika’da Louisiana kıyılarında çok büyük tahribata yol açmıştır.



E) Dünyadaki tüm fosil yakıtlı enerji santralleri yarın devreden çıkarılsa bile, küresel sıcaklıklar bir elli yıl daha yükselmeye devam edecektir.



D) Çoğu bilim adamına göre küresel ısınmayla kesin ilişkisi olan Katrina kasırgası, en korkunç etkisini Amerika’nın Louisiana sahillerinde göstermiştir. E) Birçok bilim adamı, küresel ısınmadan kaynaklanan kasırgaların Amerika’da Louisiana’nın sahil bölgelerini vuran Katrina gibi, büyük hasarlara neden olacağını düşünmektedir.



39. – 41. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz. 37. The fact that the majority of the scientific world subscribes to a particular view does not make it absolutely right.



39. Darwin’in ileri sürmüş olduğu başlıca düşünceler, bilimdeki pek çok kavram gibi, eski Yunanlılara kadar izlenebilir.



A) Belirli bir görüş mutlak doğru olmasa da bilim dünyasında çoğunluk tarafından benimsenmiş olabilir.



A) The main ideas Darwin advanced, like many concepts in science, can be traced back to the ancient Greeks.



B) Bilim dünyasında çoğunluğun aynı görüşe sahip olması, bu görüşün mutlaka doğru olduğu anlamına gelmez.



B) Similar to many concepts in science, the majority of ideas put forward by Darwin are often attributed to the ancient Greeks.



C) Bilim dünyasının çoğunluğu belirli bir görüşü mutlak doğru kabul etmiş olsa da gerçek bunun tam tersi olabilir.



C) Like a number of scientific concepts, most of the ideas suggested by Darwin may have been derived from the ancient Greeks.



D) Bilim dünyasının çoğunluğunun belirli bir görüşü kabul etmesi, bu görüşü mutlak doğru kılmaz.



D) Many ideas advanced by Darwin can, like the majority of concepts in science, be related to the ancient Greeks.



E) Belirli bir görüş bilim dünyasında çoğunlukla benimsenmiş olsa bile, mutlaka doğru olmayabilir.



E) Like a lot of ideas in science, a great majority of concepts developed by Darwin are referred to in the works of the ancient Greeks.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



6



A FEN BİLİMLERİ 40. Tür olarak varlığımızı sürdürmemiz toprağa bağlıdır; ancak erozyon ve kimyasal kirlilik, bu yaşamsal kaynağı tüm dünyada tehdit etmektedir.



42. – 46. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz.



A) Erosion and chemical pollution throughout the world threaten our survival as a species, which depends on soil as a vital resource.



42. Hippopotamuses can be irritable and aggressive when it comes to defending their territory and their young. ----. They have trampled or gored people who came too near, dragged them into lakes, tipped over their boats, and bitten off their heads.



B) Soil is indispensable for our survival, and yet this resource of vital importance is threatened by erosion and chemical pollution worldwide. C) For our survival as a species, we especially depend on soil, and yet this important resource is threatened worldwide by erosion and chemical pollution.



A) Hippos are led by dominant males, which can weigh 6,000 pounds or more B) Agricultural irrigation systems and other developments have depleted the hippos’ wetland, river and lake habitats



D) Our survival as a species depends on soil, and yet erosion and chemical pollution threaten this vital resource throughout the world.



C) Although hippos occasionally fight with crocodiles, a growing number of their attacks are on humans



E) Throughout the world, erosion and chemical pollution threaten soil, which, as a vital resource, is indispensable for our survival.



D) A decade ago there were about 160,000 hippos in Africa, but the population has dwindled to between 125,000 and 148,000 today E) In countries beset by civil unrest, where people are hungry and desperate, hippos are hunted for their meat



41. İki galaksinin çarpışması, evrenin kütlesine hükmettiği sanılan görünmez kara maddenin bugüne kadar elde edilen en iyi kanıtını sağlar.



43. The historian G. Sarton said that the development of mathematics is unknown to the general public. ----. Cayley’s seminal investigations of matrix algebra were crucial for the development of linear algebra. The terms matrix, determinant and Jacobian, familiar to most science students, were invented by Slyvester.



A) Following the collision of two galaxies, there appears the best evidence so far known of the invisible dark matter which is believed to pervade the mass of the universe.



A) Cayley was a Trinity College fellow at Cambridge for a few years until he married



B) The collision of two galaxies provides the best evidence yet obtained of the invisible dark matter assumed to dominate the mass of the universe.



B) It isn’t clear when they met, but by 1847 they were corresponding to share thoughts about mathematics



C) The only evidence so far of the invisible dark matter thought to penetrate the mass of the universe is provided by the collision of two galaxies.



C) Each had triumphed on the University of Cambridge’s fearsome Tripos examinations



D) It is from the collision of two galaxies that the best evidence yet of the invisible dark matter which is assumed to hold together the mass of the universe has been obtained.



D) Certainly very few have ever heard of A. Cayley or J.J. Slyvester, two of the most prolific mathematicians of the Victorian era E) J.J. Slyvester was not only a mathematician but also an enthusiastic poet who called himself the “mathematical Adam”



E) The invisible dark matter which is thought to dominate the mass of the universe is best understood through the evidence provided by the collision of two galaxies.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



7



A FEN BİLİMLERİ 46. Why do young chameleons prefer to stay close to the ground? In a recent study published in Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, biologists argue that cannibalism in the common chameleon has resulted in a habitat shift. ----. Juvenile chameleons tend to stay in low grasses, whereas adults make better use of their anatomical gifts by living primarily in trees.



44. ----? The answer to that question can range from days to months to decades on the one extreme and from centuries to millenia, and possibly even longer depending on such diverse and interrelated factors as design, construction and maintenance. A) How old is the world-famous Brooklyn Bridge B) Can a bridge possibly be designed to last a century



A) That is, as individuals develop, their choice of habitat changes



C) How long did London’s Millennium Bridge stay open



B) With its prehensile tail and strong, opposing toes, the common chameleon is a natural climber



D) The Tacoma Narrows Bridge lasted only four months before it fell to the wind, didn’t it



C) Young chameleons showed little change in behaviour when with other juveniles



E) How long can a bridge last



D) The biologists placed a one-way mirror between an adult and a juvenile, so that the adult could see the juvenile but not the other way round E) Whether an attack was likely when there was close contact between the generations was also tested



47. – 51. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz. 45. Detecting a virus on any nanosize particle usually means fixing it to a substrate or attaching a fluorescent probe to it, neither of which is practical for detecting particles in real time. ----. The system splits a laser beam in two, sending one half to a sample. When the light hits a small particle, it is reflected back and recombined with the reserved half of the laser beam, producing a detectable interference pattern only when a moving particle is present.



47. Maeve : - l learned today that there are actually two types of synapses in an animal’s nervous system. Charles : - ---Maeve : - Which type transmits signals faster? Charles : - The second, because it sends signals directly, without using a neurotransmitter.



A) The method works because it relies on the light’s amplitude rather than its intensity B) The investigators have so far detected single particles as small as seven nanometres across



A)



Oh, really? I only know of one type.



C) Now physicists have assembled a simple system for doing just that



B)



Most people have only heard of chemical synapses.



D) A substrate is a substance that reacts when it comes into contact with a particular enzyme



C)



Electrical synapses were first found in crayfish in 1957.



E) Amplitude is the square root of intensity



D)



Yes, chemical and electrical synapses.



E)



Synapses send information from the nervous system to the brain, and vice versa.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



8



A FEN BİLİMLERİ 49. Mary : - I watched a news report this evening about a man who had started many forest fires. Investigators were able to find him by examining the areas where the fires had started.



48. Tim : - Did you know that NASA is going to send another manned mission to upgrade and repair the Hubble space telescope? Max : - Oh? I thought that, after the 2003 Columbia shuttle disaster, they were going to send manned spacecraft only to the International Space Station.



Paul : - ---Mary : - No; they looked very carefully, sometimes with a magnifying glass or metal detector, to find the match or other agent that had been used to set the fire, and then they traced it back to the person. It almost always works.



Tim : - ---Max : - I hope NASA’s taking the proper precautions this time.



A) Have you ever been near a forest fire when it was burning?



A)



The space telescope is deteriorating because of dust and radiation.



B)



Well, NASA changed its mind because a robotic mission has turned out to be impossible.



B) A fire last August nearly burnt up my aunt’s home in California. I hope they catch whoever set that fire, too.



C)



Hubble was first launched into space in 1990. Did you know that?



C) How could they possibly have done that? Weren’t all the clues burnt up in the fire?



D)



I learned from this article that Edwin Hubble was the first astronomer to describe the expansion of the universe.



D) How could they find the place where the fire had started?



E)



The Hubble telescope has sent back thousands of valuable images. I think it’s worth the mission, don’t you?



E) I think people should be very careful with matches or cigarettes when they are in the forest.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



9



A FEN BİLİMLERİ 51. Brenda : - Have you heard of the new Internet technology that allows people to conduct a search for information by entering a photo taken with a mobile telephone into the search engine?



50. Carol : - Do you know what makes birds’ vision better than ours? Mike : - ----



Ryan : - ----



Carol : - Why do they have that ability when humans don’t?



Brenda : - Well, for example, sending a photo of a nearby landmark building might give you a street map of the area.



Mike : - I think it’s because early mammals were active at night, when there’s no ultraviolet light from the sun, and so they lost the ability, but birds didn’t. A) B)



Ryan : - That would be useful if you were lost in a foreign city.



It’s partly because they can see ultraviolet light wavelengths, while humans can’t. They need to see better in order to determine the health of a potential mate.



C)



It’s impossible for humans to know what birds’ perception of colours is actually like.



D)



I think their vision is always strengthened by ultraviolet light.



E)



Insects can also see ultraviolet wavelengths.



A)



I can barely use my mobile to call someone, let alone to send a picture over the Internet!



B)



Who told you that?



C)



What good would that be?



D)



Oh, another new technology.



E)



Don’t believe everything you read or see on the television.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



10



A FEN BİLİMLERİ 52. – 56. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. 52. (I) Are humans the only primates that cry? (II) The answer depends on how you define “crying”. (III) If it is defined as tears coming from the eyes, then the answer is yes. (IV) Others take a conservative stance and say that it is too difficult to tell whether or not non-human primates have feelings. (V) However, if crying is vocalization that occurs under the conditions of distress, then you can find crying in almost all primates. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



55. (I) Plant biologists estimate that 25-50% of all plant species are polyploids, that is, having three or more sets of chromosomes. (II) Hybridization between two species accounts for most of this polyploidy, perhaps because the unusually diverse assortment of genes a hybrid inherits from parents of different species can be advantageous. (III) Many of the plants we grow for food are polyploids, including oats, potatoes, bananas, plums, apples and wheat. (IV) Cotton, also a polyploid, is the source of one of the world’s most popular clothing fibres. (V) Cotton thread is made from the long white plumes that extend from the seeds of the plant. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



E) V



53. (I) Vertebrate skeletons must be both rigid and strong. (II) However, there are disadvantages to having grossly under- or overbuilt bones. (III) Animals have to balance the needs for strength and stability against the cost of producing, maintaining and manufacturing a heavier skeleton. (IV) Consequently, skeletal size tends to match mechanical requirements closely. (V) Indeed, limb-bone fractures are relatively rare. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



56. (I) Migration is a very precise evolutionary adaptation to seasonal changes, but the benefits of migration are not without cost. (II) Many weeks may be spent each year on energy-demanding journeys. (III) Some animals may become lost or die along the way. (IV) Green turtles migrate more than 2,000 kilometres across open ocean between their feeding area off the coast of Brazil and their nesting place on Ascension Island. (V) And migrating individuals are often at greater risk from predators in unfamiliar areas. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



54. (I) The world’s coral reefs are in trouble. (II) According to an international consortium of scientists and volunteers, only 30 per cent of reefs are healthy now. (III) Modern coral reefs as we know them have been accumulating since the Holocene Epoch 10,000 years ago. (IV) US government agencies, conservation organizations and other scientists echo the point. (V) A few go so far as to say that coral reefs in some areas may be doomed. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



11



A FEN BİLİMLERİ 58. It is clear from the passage that the mice native to the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone ----.



57. – 60. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) had suffered extensive chromosomal damage During our visit in the summer of 1994 to the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, a region within a 30 km radius of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, we were amazed by the diversity of mammals living in the shadow of the ruined reactor only eight years after the meltdown. During our excursion through the woods, we trapped some of the local mice for examination in a makeshift laboratory. We were surprised to find that, although each mouse registered unprecedented levels of radiation in its bones and muscles, all the animals seemed physically normal, and many of the females were carrying normal-looking embryos. We found that the mice did not have any obvious chromosomal damage. We wondered whether the absence of injury could be explained by some sort of adaptive change, perhaps a more efficient DNA-repair mechanism, after many prior generations had been exposed to radiation. But when we transplanted wild mice from uncontaminated regions into cages in the Exclusion Zone and then examined their chromosomes, they were likewise unaffected by the radiation. In at least this respect, the mice seemed to have a natural “immunity” to harm from radiation.



B) were found to have very high radiation levels in their bodies C) were not affected by the radiation as much as the mice which had been brought in from outside the Exclusion Zone D) were not put in cages by the scientists studying them E) showed less genetic diversity than mice from other areas



59. According to the passage, the lack of subsequent chromosomal damage in mice brought into the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone from radiation-free areas proves that ----. A) mammals can suffer the effects of radiation and still carry a normal embryo B) the radiation found in the mice native to the Exclusion Zone had compounded with each new generation C) the mice native to the Exclusion Zone had, actually, not developed their immunity to radiation after the explosion occurred D) unprecedented levels of radiation in an animal’s tissues always signal extensive chromosomal damage



57. We see from the passage that the scientists who visited the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone in 1994 concluded that ----.



E) trapping animals is a difficult task, best left to hunters native to the area



A) all mice appear to have inborn protection against the harmful effects of radiation B) only the mice born in the Exclusion Zone were immune to the chromosomal damage caused by high levels of radiation



60. We understand from the passage that, on their visit to the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, the scientists ----.



C) mice certainly have better-developed DNA-repair mechanisms than other animals



A) did not expect to find animals that were physically normal



D) the meltdown of the nuclear reactor at Chernobyl caused greater than usual diversity among the mammals living nearby



B) themselves began to suffer from exposure to high levels of radiation



E) their makeshift laboratory did not produce valid results for their experiments with the mice



C) mainly wanted to observe the effects of the reactor’s meltdown on the surrounding plant life D) transported mice from the Exclusion Zone to an uncontaminated area to see if their radiation levels would decrease E) were surprised to find that animals in the Exclusion Zone did not look the same as animals from outside the Exclusion Zone



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



12



A FEN BİLİMLERİ 62. We understand from the passage that, as part of an effort to prove the existence of ice on the moon, NASA ----.



61. – 64. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) will make no use of high-resolution radio telescopes



In an attempt to settle the question of whether ice exists on the moon, NASA plans to launch the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) in 2008. Travelling in a polar orbit only 50 kilometres above the moon’s surface, the probe will focus a high-resolution neutron sensor on the suspected ice deposits to determine their precise locations. But because the ice is probably buried and mixed with lunar dirt, NASA will also need to land a probe to dig up and analyze soil samples. This mission, scheduled for 2011, is a challenging one because instruments operating in shadowed areas cannot use solar power. The craft could land at a sunlit site and send a battery-powered vehicle into a dark crater, but the batteries would quickly die. A radioisotope thermal generator could provide electricity using heat from plutonium decay, but NASA is leaning against this option because it is expensive and controversial. Another idea under consideration is sending a probe that could hop from place to place on the lunar surface by restarting its landing rockets, lifting the craft to 100 metres above its original landing site and moving it to another spot in the crater basin to hunt for ice. Investigating more than one site is crucial because the ice may be unevenly distributed. Yet another alternative would be to fire groundpenetrating instruments at several places in the shadowed basin, either from a lander at the crater’s rim or from an orbiting craft.



B) is currently observing the moon from Earth C) is planning to send one spacecraft to orbit the moon and another to land there D) is going to send a landing craft that will rely solely on solar power E) has already sent a spacecraft there to take pictures



63. It is pointed out in the passage that, since there may be more ice on one part of the moon’s surface than on another, ----. A) a battery-powered vehicle is an essential part of the probe B) facilities which will examine the ice must be built near larger ice patches C) the search there for ice is expensive and controversial D) it is essential to test for ice in several different areas E) it will not be possible to use the ice for future space exploration



61. It is clear from the passage that ----. 64. We see from the passage that the main problem of landing a probe on the moon to test for ice in shadowed areas is ----.



A) firing ground-penetrating instruments at the moon could upset the balance of its surface B) there are several options for producing a probe that could work in the shadowed areas of the moon



A) that the public is not interested in the project



C) NASA will use plutonium decay to provide power for its newest landing probe



C) lack of government funding for the project



B) the hard, rocky surface of the moon



D) the extremely cold temperatures the probe would have to work in



D) the spacecraft that NASA wants to send to the moon will probably never actually be manufactured



E) that it would not be able to use solar power



E) NASA plans only to send a probe to orbit the moon, not to land on it



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



13



A FEN BİLİMLERİ 66. As regards the therapeutic possibilities, the passage emphasizes the advantages of ----.



65. – 68. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Stem cells, unlike all other cells in the body, can copy themselves indefinitely. So-called adult stem cells are found in many parts of the body, constantly rejuvenating the brain, remodelling arteries so blood can bypass clogs, and growing new skin to heal wounds. However, adult stem cells have more limited power than embryonic stem cells, which can turn into any type of cell in the body. Indeed, scientists are hoping that embryonic stem cells could be turned into neurons to fix damaged brains, cardiac cells to repair damaged hearts, or pancreatic cells to create insulin for people with diabetes. Maybe they could even be used to regenerate whole organs. To date, scientists worldwide have made more than 100 different human embryonic cell lines. Still, the existing lines have serious limitations. Most have been grown on a lattice of mouse embryonic skin cells for support. Consequently, the human embryonic cells are contaminated by mouse cells, and though they’re still useful for research, they cannot at present be used to develop therapies for humans.



A) developing human embryonic stem cells based on mouse cells B) embryonic stem cells over adult stem cells C) human embryonic stem cells over mouse embryonic skin cells D) man-made embryonic stem cell lines E) adult stem cells when used to rejuvenate the blood



67. We see from the passage that embryonic stem cells ----. A) are far less versatile than adult stem cells B) hold no possibility of being used to cure disease C) in the past were able to treat illnesses, but cannot be used for this purpose today D) might, in the future, be used to treat humans with damaged brains or hearts E) cannot reproduce themselves, unlike adult stem cells



65. According to the passage, the main problem with the currently existing embryonic stem cell lines is ----.



68. lt is understood from the passage that adult stem cells ----. A) have been manipulated by scientists in order to produce new organs



A) the fact that they could be turned into neurons B) the lack of diversity between the different lines



B) are not as well-understood as other types of cells in our bodies



C) that there are not enough of them to develop therapies useful for treating human diseases



C) are always actively engaged in our bodies



D) that they are contaminated by the mouse cells upon which they have been grown



D) will someday be used to regenerate whole organs



E) that they do not produce reliable research results



E) can turn into any other cell type



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



14



A FEN BİLİMLERİ 70. According to the passage, although atmospheric carbon dioxide levels continue to rise, ----.



69. – 72. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) atmospheric methane levels are no longer rising The concentrations of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) gases in the atmosphere have both risen dramatically since the start of the Industrial Revolution. However, unlike its more familiar greenhouse-gas cousin, atmospheric methane has recently stopped increasing in abundance. This development wasn’t entirely unanticipated, given that the rate of increase has been slowing for at least a quarter-century. The recent stabilization of methane levels is something that some scientists are trying very hard to explain. Methane has many sources. Some are natural, such as wetlands and plants, and some are the consequences of modern society, such as landfills and wastewater treatment. Methane is destroyed principally by its reaction with the hydroxyl radical (OH) in the lower atmosphere. One theory about the stabilization of methane levels is that deforestation has reduced the number of plants contributing to atmospheric methane. Another idea is that an increase in the prevalence of tropical thunderstorms may have raised the amounts of the various nitrogen oxides high in the atmosphere. There, these gases have the side effect of boosting the production of OH, which in turn acts to destroy methane.



B) an increase in tropical thunderstorms may reduce these carbon dioxide levels C) this rise is expected to level out some time in the next quarter-century D) scientists are trying very hard to explain this increase E) they are not evenly distributed



71. We understand from the passage that landfills and wastewater treatment facilities are examples of ----. A) natural sources of carbon dioxide B) ways to boost the production of OH in the atmosphere C) man-made sources of methane D) high levels of atmospheric methane E) the recent stabilization of methane levels



72. It can be inferred from the passage that ----. A) atmospheric methane is produced only by human activity



69. It is pointed out in the passage that methane in the atmosphere is destroyed primarily by ----.



B) the greenhouse effect of methane is not as widely-known as that of carbon dioxide



A) the interventions of scientists B) the presence of carbon dioxide gas



C) scientists expect atmospheric methane levels to continue rising



C) wetlands and plants



D) deforestation contributes to increasing atmospheric methane levels



D) contact with OH, the hydroxyl radical E) the Industrial Revolution



E) carbon dioxide is not as important as methane in terms of causing global warming



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



15



A FEN BİLİMLERİ 74. It is pointed out in the passage that the cloud of dust caused by the supposed meteor impact ----.



73. – 76. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. In 1980, the physicist Luís Alvarez and his son Walter advanced a startling theory about the demise of the dinosaurs: that it was caused by forces that came from beyond this world. They hypothesized that perhaps a meteor impact had ended the age of the dinosaurs. The primary evidence was that in soil core samples taken in locations around the globe, iridium, a substance very rare on Earth but prevalent on asteroids, had been found in a thin layer of clay separating the fossil-rich rock of the late Cretaceous period (the end of the dinosaur age) and the sparsely fossiled rock of the Tertiary period that followed. The Alvarezes hypothesized that a very large extraterrestrial object had slammed into the planet, sending an enormous fireball into the stratosphere, along with vast amounts of debris. A great cloud of dust enshrouded Earth, blocking sunlight for months, even years, and plants and animals perished in the ensuing cold and dark. When the dust finally settled back to Earth, it formed the telltale worldwide layer of iridium in the clay. The scientific world was not impressed by the theory. Indeed, some scientists scoffed at the Alvarezes’ hypothesis, but in 1990 scientists realized that a crater of 112 miles in diametre in Mexico and dated at 65 million years old might be evidence that the dinosaurs had indeed died out due to the effects of a giant meteor.



A) caused the fossils of that period to be particularly easy to extract B) poisoned the plants and animals living on Earth at that time C) made the Earth dark and cold for a very long time, causing plants and animals to die D) did not contain iridium E) formed a very large crater in Mexico when it settled



75. We understand from the passage that, by the time of the Tertiary period, ----. A) the dinosaurs had died out B) forces from beyond this world had invaded the planet C) the dust from the meteor impact had still not settled D) fossils were well-preserved E) the age of the dinosaurs was thriving



76. According to the passage, the main proof given by Luís and Walter Alvarez of a giant meteor impact that could have destroyed the dinasours was ----.



73. It is clear from the passage that, when the Alvarezes advanced their meteor-impact theory, ----. A) their focus was mostly on the Tertiary period



A) the fossil-rich rock of the late Cretaceous period



B) it was not a surprising idea



B) a great cloud of dust surrounding Earth



C) they didn’t make use of core samples



C) the 112-mile-wide crater they had discovered



D) few scientists believed them



D) an enormous fireball in the stratosphere



E) there were vast amounts of debris in the stratosphere



E) the presence of iridium in soil all over the world



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



16



A FEN BİLİMLERİ 78. We can understand from the passage that the pushing of the African continental plate beneath the European continental plate ----.



77. – 80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) does not create magma containing sulfur dioxide and other unstable gases



Mount Vesuvius in southern Italy is actually a volcano inside the exploded skeleton of an older volcano. Looked at from above, the remaining ridge of a much larger volcano can be seen on the north side. This older volcano had probably erupted violently long before human settlement. Southern Italy is unstable ground. The African continental plate, on which most of the Mediterranean Sea rests, is actually diving beneath the European plate. That kind of underground collision produces molten rock, or magma, rich in volatile gases such as sulfur dioxide. Under pressure underground, these gases stay dissolved. But when the magma rises to the surface, the gases are released. Accordingly, when volcanoes like Vesuvius erupt, they tend to erupt explosively. To this day, in fact, Vesuvius remains one of the world’s most dangerous volcanoes; some 3.5 million Italians live in its shadow. Although monitoring devices are in place to warn of the volcano’s activity, if there were a major eruption with little warning, there could be a tremendous loss of life.



B) is the result of volcanic activity such as we see in Southern Italy C) makes Southern Italy a region prone to volcanic eruptions D) has made Northern Africa a “hot spot” for volcanic activity E) means that the Mediterranean Sea is slowly widening



79. We understand from the passage that Mount Vesuvius’s eruptions are usually very explosive because of ----. A) the exploded skeleton of an older volcano within which it is located B) the strong skelatal structure of the volcano C) its proximity to a large body of water D) the unstable gases released when the volcano’s magma reaches the surface of the Earth E) the monitoring devices placed near the volcano



80. It is clear from the passage that ----.



77. We see from the passage that although Mount Vesuvius is a very dangerous volcano ----. A) it is safe to live nearby because of the monitoring devices that warn of the volcano’s activity B) many people still live nearby



A) Mount Vesuvius is a dying volcano which will someday cease to erupt B) the Mediterranean Sea is part of the European continental plate C) the European continental plate will one day completely cover the African one



C) it is more dangerous than the older volcano that used to be in its place



D) 3.5 million Italians lost their lives in Vesuvius’s last eruption



D) it does not result from an underground collision of continental plates E) its eruption would never result in people’s deaths



E) there was once a much larger volcano where Mount Vesuvius is today



TEST BİTTİ. CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



17



ÜNİVERSİTELERARASI KURUL YABANCI DİL SINAVI (ÜDS) 25 MART 2007 A KİTAPÇIĞI



İNGİLİZCE FEN BİLİMLERİ TESTİ CEVAP ANAHTARI



1. A



21. D



41. B



61. B



2. D



22. B



42. C



62. C



3. C



23. D



43. D



63. D



4. E



24. E



44. E



64. E



5. B



25. A



45. C



65. D



6. D



26. D



46. A



66. B



7. E



27. B



47. D



67. D



8. C



28. E



48. B



68. C



9. A



29. D



49. C



69. D



10. B



30. C



50. A



70. A



11. E



31. D



51. C



71. C



12. B



32. A



52. D



72. B



13. C



33. E



53. E



73. D



14. D



34. B



54. C



74. C



15. E



35. E



55. E



75. A



16. A



36. B



56. D



76. E



17. B



37. D



57. A



77. B



18. A



38. E



58. B



78. C



19. E



39. A



59. C



79. D



20. C



40. D



60. A



80. E



A İNGİLİZCE SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ 5. When someone chokes on food, it is because the food has slipped into the air passage and ---breathing.



1. – 18. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. 1. The ---- of lactose intolerance varies widely among ethnic groups, indicating that the trait is genetically determined. A) conversion



B) prevalence



D) notice



A) given in



B) kept on



C) set out



D) switched off E) cut off



C) recession



E) supply



6. The vitamin portion of a coenzyme allows a chemical reaction to ----, while the remaining portion of the coenzyme binds to the enzyme. 2. Some evidence suggests that weight training can raise HDL if undertaken regularly, but frequent and sustained aerobic activity may be more ---- in lowering LDL and raising HDL. A) tentative



B) irrelevant



D) effective



A) put on



B) get off



C) catch up



D) take place E) settle down



C) factual



E) protective 7. In a study carried out over a period of six months, researchers ---- that smoking ---- far more heart attacks than haemochromatosis. A) have found / had caused B) had found / has caused C) found / caused



3. The army psychologists ---- initiated treatment, and so he soon regained his confidence as a soldier.



D) find / could have caused E) would have found / causes



A) promptly



B) vaguely



C) obviously



D) relunctantly E) imminently 8. Alcohol ---- every organ of the body, but the most dramatic evidence of its disruptive behaviour ---in the liver. A) affected / has appeared B) affects / appears



4. Red blood cells contain haemoglobin, which enables them to carry oxygen from the lungs and ---- it to all parts of the body. A) contribute



B) organize



D) transform



C) is affecting / appeared D) had affected / would appear



C) deliver



E) has affected / had appeared



E) guide



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



18



A SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ 12. People who wish to improve their athletic performance need to be aware that it can be achieved ---- physical conditioning combined ---high energy food intakes.



9. Although constipation usually ---- lifestyle habits, in some cases it may be a side effect of medication or may reflect a medical problem such as tumours that ---- the passage of waste.



A) by / with



A) had reflected / obstruct



B) with / for



D) through / to



B) has reflected / obstructed



C) in / by



E) of / into



C) reflected / had obstructed D) will reflect / have obstructed E) reflects / are obstructing



13. Almost 2 million people die ---- tuberculosis (TB) each year, mostly in developing countries lacking access ---- fast, accurate testing technology.



10. Indeed, some studies ---- that taking the glycemic effect into account in meal planning ---- a practical way to improve glucose control. A) have shown / is



B) show / was



C) had shown / had been



D) showed / will be



A) from / at



B) about / with



D) by / in



C) of / to



E) with / through



E) could show / has been



14. ---- the body has manufactured antibodies against a particular antigen (such as the measles virus), it remembers how to make them the next time it is attacked by the same antigen.



11. Of every 10,000 children born in the US, almost 7 ---- from health problems because their mothers ---- alcohol during pregnancy. A) suffered / have consumed B) were suffering / consume C) had suffered / were consuming



A) Until



B) Once



C) Unless



D) Even though E) Whereas



D) will have suffered / will consume E) suffer / consumed



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



19



A SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ 15. Some researchers believe schizophrenia is a single disorder, ---- others believe it is a syndrome based on numerous underlying diseases. A) if



B) since D) while



19. – 23. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



C) even so



Older people suffer more broken bones than younger people because the mass and strength of bones decrease with age. There is no single reason why this occurs, or why some individuals and populations are more (19) ---- than others. Like other complex traits, age-related changes in bones result (20) ---interactions between environmental and genetic factors. Scientists have linked changes in bone strength to (21) ---- in physical activity, the levels of dietary calcium and vitamin D, and alcohol and tobacco use. However, among (22) ----, physical activity is the variable (23) ---- likely to account for the geographic heterogeneity in the incidence of fractures.



E) unless



16. Anyone who wonders ---- the newborn baby senses touch or experiences pain should watch the baby’s reaction to a heel prick for a blood sample. A) whereby



B) whether



D) in case



19.



C) until



A) considerate



B) equal



C) sensible



D) negligible



E) what



E) vulnerable



20. A) to



B) of D) over



C) from E) at



17. Water, indispensable and abundant, provides the environment ---- nearly all the body’s internal activities are conducted. A) in which



B) whose



C) wherever



D) by what



21.



E) however



A) circulations



B) settlements



C) variations



D) tendencies E) similarities



22. A) these 18. Certain plants can help some conditions more effectively than medical drugs, and with significantly ---- side-effects. A) little



B) more D) fewer



B) that D) whom



C) which E) this



C) much E) any



23. A) how



B) as D) so



C) such E) most



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



20



A SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ 26. By comparing urinary creatinine excretion to standards for sex and height, ---- if muscle mass is adequate or depleted.



24. – 35. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.



A) it is concluded



24. Although AIDS still has no cure, ----.



B) it has been understood



A) the devastating effects of HIV infection seemed unstoppable



C) one can determine



B) remarkable progress has been made in understanding and treating HIV infection



D) the physician can assume



C) a specific dietary strategy for the treatment of the disease has not been devised



E) we are convinced



D) the severity of wasting may determine the duration of survival E) the causes of malnutrition and wasting in HIV infection are related to the disease itself



27. Just as the human mind allows a person to develop a concept of intellectual self, ----.



25. If a child has the potential for cardiovascular disease, ----.



A) each cell in a person’s body has molecules on its surface that are unique to that specific person



A) this article focuses on efforts to prevent childhood obesity and cardiovascular disease



B) the function of the immune system is to defend the body against invaders



B) most people consider cardiovascular disease to be an adult disease C) obesity in children affects these changes



C) virtually any organ can be attacked by the immune system, including the kidneys, lungs, heart and brain



D) poor health choices, such as poor diet, will cause the disease itself to develop



D) the immune system provides a concept of biological self



E) questions arose about the extent to which genetics is involved in the risk of cardiovascular disease



E) the immune system is composed of cells and soluble substances



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



21



A SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ 30. Imitation is a very important means ----.



28. Once people have been diagnosed with cancer, ----.



A) that the mirror neuron system serves as a bridge in this process



A) therapists could have used relaxation methods to assist them in coping with some of the negative aspects of cancer treatments



B) though Iacoboni and his group used functional magnetic resonance imaging to observe the brains of human subjects



B) they can affect their survival time by adapting a “fighting spirit”, having strong emotional and social support or attending group counselling sessions



C) in which both activities triggered the inferior frontal gyrus of the brain



C) attempts by their partners to protect them from the reality of their illness were not helpful



D) from which scientists can derive evidence about gene function



D) at least half of those treated with chemotherapy had experienced nausea, fatigue, depression, sleep problems and loss of appetite



E) by which we learn and transmit skills, language and culture



E) family history and ethnic background are factors in many types of cancer



31. Most researchers find the new method of generating human embryonic stem cells promising, ----.



29. Because the visual system is not well-developed at birth, ----. A) newborn babies’ ability to change focus is limited and they are very nearsighted B) a nearsighted adult with 20/30 vision will be able to see at 20 feet



A) even if they held the possibility of regenerating body parts B) as it might lead to new and possibly better stemcell lines C) so that stem cells can become any other kind of cell



C) newborn infants can distinguish the sound of the human voice from other sounds



D) if this had led to healthier children



D) developmental psychologists would have designed some ingenious procedures to study the mental capacities of young infants



E) since this procedure was introduced more than a decade ago



E) parents noticed with delight that the baby had begun to make eye contact



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



22



A SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ 34. A person with leukemia has an unusually high number of leukocytes, ----.



32. ----, analysts had to rely on a more primitive urine screen for this purpose. A) Unless drugs opened the way to a better system



A) since it is usually fatal unless treated



B) Although an athlete could beat the test by ingesting artificial testosterone throughout the testing period



B) although cancerous cells grow uncontrollably



C) If later screens for testosterone levels matched the preliminary results



D) that is, cancer of the white blood cells



C) most of which do not function normally



E) whereas, in some cases, they do not respond to the standard treatments



D) Only if the body were able to make testosterone from an artificial compound E) Before the carbon isotope radio (CIR) urine test became standard protocol for testing athletes for doping



35. Hypnosis was first used as a surgical anaesthetic in India in 1845, ----.



33. The vast majority of smoking-related cancer deaths are from lung cancer ----.



A) if doctors had used hypnosis for patients who are allergic to anaesthetics



A) although smoking may also be responsible for deaths from cancers of the lip, pharynx, pancreas, trachea and kidney



B) since hypnotized patients will recover more quickly, with less pain and with fewer side effects



B) because the rate of smoking in the US has slowly declined since the mid-1960s, especially among men



C) although hypnosis as an alternative to sedation is making a comeback in the operating room



C) but weight gain would have been quite modest for most people who had stopped smoking



D) but it was quickly abandoned with the introduction of ether the following year



D) if group counselling had been successful in helping people to quit smoking



E) even if studies using advanced scanning technology have shed new light on how hypnosis works to block pain



E) even if many nonsmokers find the smoke of others to be a nuisance and even irritating to their eyes and nose



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



23



A SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ 38. If a person has a family history of a certain disease, it is a powerful indicator of his/her tendency to contract that disease.



36. – 38. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz. 36. Although many forms of therapy have been tried, none has been able to prevent the disease from progressing.



A) Bir hastalığın aile içindeki öyküsü, kişinin bu hastalığa yakalanma eğilimini ortaya koyan en güçlü belirtidir.



A) Pek çok tedavi biçimi denenmiş olmasına rağmen, hiçbiri hastalığın ilerlemesini engelleyememiştir.



B) Bir ailedeki bireylerin hastalık öyküleri, o ailedeki bireylerin hastalığa yakalanma eğilimini ortaya koyar.



B) Uygulanan tedavi yöntemlerinden hiçbiri hastalığın ağırlaşmasını engelleyemedi.



C) Kişinin belirli bir hastalığa yakalanma eğilimi, en doğru biçimde, ailesinin hastalık öyküsünden belirlenebilir.



C) Pek çok tedavi yöntemi var, ancak hiçbiri hastalığın ilerlemesini tam olarak durduramıyor.



D) Kişinin belirli bir hastalığa yakalanma eğiliminin en güçlü belirtisi, o hastalığın aile öyküsüdür.



D) Farklı bir tedavi yöntemi bulunsa da hastalığın yayılması hiçbir zaman engellenemez.



E) Kişinin belirli bir hastalıkla ilgili aile öyküsü varsa bu, onun o hastalığa yakalanma eğiliminin güçlü bir göstergesidir.



E) Hastalığın ilerlemesini durdurmak için bazı tedavi biçimleri denenmesine rağmen başarılı olunamadı.



39. – 41. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz.



37. People who do not consume milk products or other calcium-rich foods that provide even half of the recommended calcium amount may benefit from calcium supplements. A) Süt ürünleri ya da kalsiyum yönünden zengin diğer besinleri tüketmeyenler önerilen kalsiyum miktarının ancak yarısını alabildiklerinden kalsiyum desteğinden yararlanabilirler. B) Tavsiye edilen kalsiyum miktarının yarısını bile karşılayacak miktarda süt ürünleri ya da kalsiyum bakımından zengin diğer besinleri tüketmeyen insanlar kalsiyum desteğinden yararlanabilirler. C) Tavsiye edilen kalsiyum miktarının yarısını karşılayacak kadar kalsiyum desteğinden yararlanan insanlar süt ürünleri ve kalsiyum yönünden zengin diğer besinleri tüketmeyebilirler.



39. Yıllarca, gelişmiş pek çok ülkede başlıca ölüm nedeni, genellikle kardiyovasküler hastalıklar olarak bilinen kalp ve damar hastalıkları olmuştur. A) Over the years, it has generally been known that among the major causes of death in most developed countries is cardiovascular disease, which refers to diseases of the heart and blood vessels. B) Generally, diseases of the heart and blood vessels, which for many years were known as cardiovascular disease, have been among the main causes of death in various developed countries. C) Cardiovascular disease, which as a whole includes the major diseases of the heart and blood vessels, has over the years been the usual cause of death in a number of developed countries. D) For years, the major cause of death in many developed countries has been diseases of the heart and blood vessels, generally known as cardiovascular disease.



D) Önerilen kalsiyum miktarının yarısını karşılasa da kalsiyum desteğinden yararlanan insanlar süt ürünleri ve kalsiyum bakımından zengin diğer besinleri de tüketmelidirler.



E) Numerous diseases of the heart and blood vessels, which are as a whole called cardiovascular disease, have for years been the most common cause of death in developed countries.



E) Kalsiyum desteğinden yararlanan insanlar, tavsiye edilen kalsiyum miktarının ancak yarısını karşılayabilecek miktarda süt ürünleri ya da kalsiyum bakımından zengin diğer besinleri tüketenlerdir.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



24



A SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ 40. Yiyeceklerdeki iyot miktarı değişkendir ve genellikle, bitkilerin yetiştiği veya hayvanların üzerinde otladığı topraktaki miktarı yansıtır.



42. – 46. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz.



A) The amount of iodine contained in foods varies significantly and depends on the amount in the soil, needed for the growth of plants or the grazing of animals. B) Foods contain various amounts of iodine, and these are usually related to the amount in the soil used for plant cultivation and animal grazing. C) The amount of iodine in foods is variable and generally reflects the amount in the soil in which plants are grown or on which animals graze.



42. Alcohol is rich in energy (7 kcalories per gram), but, as in pure sugar or fat, the kcalories are empty of nutrients. ----. This means that the more alcohol people drink, the less likely it is that they will eat enough food to obtain adequate nutrients. A) Thus, the more kcalories provided by alcohol, the less nutritious food is normally eaten B) Alcohol in heavy doses is not efficiently metabolized, generating more heat than fat



D) The soil in which plants are grown or on which animals graze usually contains the same amount of iodine as found in various foods.



C) Most dramatic, however, is alcohol’s effect on the B vitamin folate D) The combination of poor folate status and alcohol consumption has, as a result, been implicated in promoting colorectal cancer



E) The amount of iodine which is contained in the soil used for the cultivation of plants or the grazing of animals is, on the whole, reflected by the amount of iodine in foods.



E) Generally, moderate drinkers consume alcohol as added energy – on top of their normal food intake



41. Mikroskop altında incelenmek üzere iğne ile alınmış karaciğer dokusu örneği içeren karaciğer biyopsisi, vakaların yalnızca % 75’i kadarında tanıyı doğrular. A) A liver biopsy, which is carried out by the removal with a needle of a sample of liver tissue for microscopic examination, is indispensable for a reliable diagnosis in 75% of cases. B) About 75% of cases can be definitively diagnosed through a liver biopsy, which involves the removal by needle of a sample of liver tissue for examination under a microscope.



43. The pharmaceutical industry is particularly interested in new substances that could mask unpleasant flavours. ----. And chronically ill people, such as AIDS patients, who have to force down many unpleasant tablets daily, would greatly appreciate more agreeable formulations.



C) The diagnosis of about 75% of cases can be confirmed through a liver biopsy, which is performed with the removal of a sample of liver tissue for microscopic examination.



A) Such a quality might prove undesirable for sweets or soda



D) A liver biopsy, in which a sample of liver tissue is removed by needle for examination under a microscope, confirms the diagnosis in only about 75% of cases.



C) Flavour-optimized drugs would be especially valuable for treating children, who often refuse to swallow nasty-tasting syrups



B) The idea of a bitter-blocker has still to be tested



E) In about 75% of cases, the diagnosis is confirmed by means of a liver biopsy, which is performed by removing with a needle a sample of liver tissue for examination.



D) Nutritionists want to know how much these choices could affect the health of individuals E) Widespread use could possibly undermine a natural protective function



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



25



A SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ 46. The liver has primary responsibility for detoxifying alcohol. ----. Cancer is more likely to occur in cirrhotic livers than in healthy ones, but alcohol abusers are likely to die of a variety of causes before liver cancer develops.



44. The main diagnostic signs of autism are social isolation, lack of eye contact, poor language capacity and absence of empathy. ----. Many people with autism, for instance, have trouble understanding metaphors; they also have difficulty mimicking other people’s actions.



A) An excessive intake of alcohol often leads to cirrhosis of the liver, a degenerative disease that limits the organ’s effectiveness



A) It would be premature to conclude that damage to the cerebellum is the sole cause of the disorder



B) This evidence indicates that high levels of alcohol consumption are related to various kinds of cancer



B) Other, less well-known symptoms, however, are also commonly evident



C) For cancers of all sites, alcohol is not as strong a risk factor as either smoking or an imprudent diet



C) Some researchers posit that the main abnormality in autism is a deficit in the ability to construct “a theory of other minds” D) Certain brain cells are often referred to as motorcommand neurons E) Still, children with autism do have characteristic abnormalities in the cerebellum



D) Recent research has found a synergistic effect between alcohol and tobacco E) Pancreatic cancer has a special affinity to alcohol consumption



47. – 51. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz. 45. A pregnant woman should participate in “lowimpact” activities and avoid sports in which she might fall or be hit by other people or objects. ----. Swimming is also ideal because it allows the body to remain cool and move freely with the water’s support. A) It also maintains the habits that help a woman lose excess weight and get back into shape after the birth B) In general, the more weight a woman gains beyond what she needs for pregnancy, the more she will retain



47. Margaret : - Have you read this article about the 1987 nuclear contamination incident in Goiânia, Brazil? Henry : - ---Margaret : - Well, apparently some people found an abandoned radiation-therapy machine and opened it up. Many people were contaminated and 4 eventually died. Henry : - That’s terrible! The machine should have been disposed of safely.



C) Women who begin their pregnancy at a healthy weight need to gain about 30 pounds, which covers the growth and development of the placenta, uterus, blood, breasts and infant



A) Why did you read the article?



D) Several of these guidelines have been aimed at preventing dehydration



B)



E) For example, a daily walk is always beneficial



C) Yes, it’s terrible, isn’t it?



Not yet. Is it worth reading?



D) What do you think about it? E) No, what happened?



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



26



A SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ 50. Fran : - ----



48. Bill : - I read today about a new type of stent used to widen a patient’s artery.



Jim : - Why are these studies so important?



Jen : - ----



Fran : - Well, scientists are comparing monozygotic (identical) twins with dizygotic (fraternal) twins to see if their traits or behaviour are influenced more by their genes or their environment.



Bill : - It releases a drug into the artery over several weeks which prevents excess build-up of fibrous tissue, reducing the further narrowing of the artery.



A) According to a recent study, fraternal twins are no more similar than any two biological siblings.



Jen : - That sounds like a promising development. A)



I think many doctors are too quick to insert stents. They should first try medication to reduce clogging in the patient’s arteries.



B)



How does it differ from other stents?



C)



Doctors say that coronary stents have revolutionized patient care.



D)



Patients with clogged coronary arteries always used to undergo bypass surgery.



E)



Have you ever recommended this procedure?



B) In the study, it has been suggested that the IQ scores of two identical twins are usually more closely related than those of two fraternal twins. C) There are lots of studies recently being carried out on twins. D) One can conclude from this study that fraternal twins share an environment as similar as that of identical twins. E) That particular study concentrated on identical twins.



49. Tracy : - Here’s an article about a drug trial that went badly wrong. After testing a drug on monkeys and obtaining the desired result, researchers went ahead and did a trial on six human volunteers. Now they’re all in intensive care, and one of them is in a coma!



51. Art : - Did you know that as many as 235,000 hospital patients in the US die unneccessarily each year? Ed : - ----



June : - ----



Art : - About 45 per cent of the deaths are due to medical errors, and the rest are because of adverse reactions to medication.



Tracy : - I think it’s because the humans’ cells reacted differently with the drug than the monkeys’ cells.



A) When are you going to begin your residency?



A) The researchers should release the clinical data so that other researchers can benefit from their mistake.



B) I don’t believe it. Where did you read that?



B) Researchers should be more careful when testing new drugs on humans.



D) I think there must be some sort of mistake in that article.



C) What do you think will happen to him?



E) That’s a staggering number! What causes them?



C) That must result in a lot of malpractice lawsuits.



D) I wonder why the drug didn’t work in the volunteers in the same way it had worked in the monkeys? E) Researchers hoped that the drug would be capable of activating immune cells other antibody-drugs could not activate. Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



27



A SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ 54. (I) Most people believe that some drugs are acceptable and even desirable because of the medical benefits they confer. (II) But all psychoactive drugs – drugs that cross the blood-brain barrier and alter mental functioning – are potentially harmful to health. (III) Even drugs that are not psychoactive have the potential for unpleasant side effects. (IV) For a time, cocaine was used as an anaesthetic for surgery, especially eye surgery. (V) For example, antihistamines may cause confusion, dizziness, dry mouth and blurred vision.



52. – 56. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. 52. (I) According to a recent study, depressed white girls are more likely to grow out of their problems than black girls are. (II) White teens become less depressed as they approach early adulthood. (III) Factors such as social class and parental separation should not be overlooked. (IV) The depression rate among blacks, however, remains steady. (V) This appears to be largely the result of poorer health care and lack of insurance. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



E) V



55. (I) Antibiotics are drugs that disable or kill infectious microorganisms. (II) However, for nearly every antibiotic that has been developed, a resistant strain of bacterium has appeared within a few decades. (III) Penicillin, for example, was originally isolated from a mold and has been widely prescribed since the 1940s. (IV) A revolution in human health rapidly followed its introduction, rendering many previously fatal diseases easily curable (such as strep throat and surgical infections). (V) During the 1950s, some doctors even predicted the end of human infectious diseases altogether. A) I



53. (I) According to recent data, doctors sometimes misdiagnose migraines as “sinus headaches”. (II) Migraines are an inherited form of recurring headaches. (III) This confusion in diagnosis occurs because neurons in the brain stem can activate the sinuses during a migraine, causing them to secrete a clear fluid. (IV) Yet this discharge differs from the cloudy fluid produced by a sinus infection. (V) Therefore, it is advisable for doctors to consider migraines more seriously and to look for clear nasal secretions as symptoms. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



56. (I) Of all the things we feel, none captures our attention like pain. (II) We may sometimes be unconcerned about other experiences but it is hard to ignore the experience of pain. (III) Yet for all the discomfort it causes, we would be at risk if we had no sense of pain. (IV) For instance, it would be difficult for children to learn not to touch a hot stove, or to stop chewing their tongues. (V) These receptors are neurons with specialized free nerve endings.



E) V



A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



28



A SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ 58. According to the passage, in very severe cases of cyanide poisoning, ----.



57. – 60. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. The most common cause of cyanide poisoning is smoke inhalation. A source to the public is acetonitrile in the form of artificial fingernail remover. Cyanide poisoning produces cellular hypoxia by binding with the ferric iron of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase, disrupting the electron transport chain and the ability of cells to use oxygen. Patients who inhale cyanide may rapidly develop coma, shock, seizures, lactic acidosis, and respiratory and cardiac arrest. Mild exposures following smoke inhalation are now being described. Diagnosis may be difficult in these patients, and emergency administration of an antidote may be lifesaving. Patients with smoke inhalation who show evidence of lactic acidosis should be suspected of cyanide poisoning. The body has a natural enzyme, called “rhodanese”, which can complex cyanide and sulphur to form mildly toxic thiocyanate. Intravenous administration of sodium thiosulphate provides the sulphur necessary to produce thiocyanate and is relatively safe. Sodium nitrite may also be administered, but its use is reserved for the most critical cases only, because it causes hypertension and methemoglobinemia.



A) administration of sodium nitrite may be recommended B) hypertension and methemoglobinemia cannot be avoided C) various kinds of antidotes can be administered but few are reliable D) patients should be put under constant observation to control lactic acidosis E) the use of sodium thiosulphate should be completely ruled out



59. It is suggested in the passage that lactic acidosis in patients suffering from smoke inhalation ----. A) is the most common cause of cyanide poisoning B) can be eliminated through the enzyme called “rhodanese” C) can cause the formation of toxic thiocyanate in the body D) is one of the indicators of cyanide poisoning E) should not be taken as evidence of cyanide poisoning



60. It is clearly emphasized in the passage that several important bodily functions ----.



57. It is pointed out in the passage that cyanide poisoning ----. A) results solely from the use of some cosmetics such as artificial fingernail remover



A) are severely impaired as a result of cyanide poisoning



B) can be diagnosed very easily, but its treatment takes a long time



B) can be weakened through intravenous administration of sodium thiosulphate



C) has the potential to quickly lead to some very serious complications



C) can be undermined by rhodanese unless an antidote is administered



D) has no effect whatsoever on cells and their functions



D) depend, to a large extent, on the presence of thiocyanate in the blood



E) is rarely related to smoke inhalation



E) are not affected by cellular hypoxia or the disruption of the electron transport chain



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



29



A SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ 62. It is clear from the passage that, for testing purposes, a small amount of cerebrospinal fluid ----.



61. – 64. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. When doctors suspect meningitis, they must quickly determine whether it is from a bacterial, viral, fungal, or other type of infection or from irritation caused by something other than an infection (for example, a chemical). The possible causes are many, and the treatment differs for each. The test usually used to diagnose meningitis and determine its cause is the spinal tap, or lumbar puncture. A thin needle is inserted between two bones in the lower spinal column to withdraw a sample of cerebrospinal fluid from an area just below the spinal cord. The doctor then examines the fluid for bacteria under a microscope and sends a sample of it to the laboratory to be cultured and identified. The bacteria can be tested for susceptibility to treatment with different antibiotics. The sugar level, an increase in protein, and the number and type of white blood cells in the fluid also help determine the type of infection.



A) can be removed from low down in the spinal column B) is not enough for an accurate diagnosis of meningitis C) can be extracted once meningitis has been diagnosed D) should be taken but this will have no influence on the choice of antibiotic to be used E) should be examined only if an increase in the protein levels is suspected



63. It is pointed out in the passage that, since the causes of meningitis are varied, ----. A) any kind of antibiotic may be used to treat any case of meningitis B) the treatments must also vary C) it is virtually impossible to track down the cause in any one instance D) irritation caused by a chemical is the most likely E) the type of white blood cell determines the choice of antibiotic



61. It is mentioned in the passage that the fluid obtained from a lumbar puncture ----.



64. We see from the passage that meningitis may be caused by ----.



A) always contains elevated levels of protein and white blood cells



A) different antibiotics



B) is different from that obtained during a spinal tap



B) cerebrospinal fluid



C) is examined carefully to help understand the cause of the meningitis



C) a spinal tap D) the blood-sugar level



D) is not helpful in deciding on methods of treatment for meningitis



E) an infection or an irritation



E) is not a common diagnostic test for meningitis



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



30



A SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ 66. We see from the passage that the permeability of the membrane to the solute ----.



65. – 68. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) is the most important of the variables mentioned In dialysis with an artificial kidney, the rate of movement of solute across the dialyzing membrane depends on four variables: the concentration gradient of the solute between the blood and the dialyzing fluid, the permeability of the membrane to the solute, the surface area of the membrane, and the length of time that the blood and fluid remain in contact with the membrane. Thus, the maximum rate of solute transfer occurs initially when the concentration gradient is greatest (when dialysis is begun) and slows down as the concentration gradient is dissipated. In a flowing system such as haemodialysis, in which blood and dialysate fluid flow through an artificial kidney, the dissipation of the concentration gradient can be reduced, and diffusion of solute across the membrane can be optimized by increasing the flow rate of either or both the blood and dialyzing fluid.



B) is one of the variables that affects the speed of dialysis C) decreases as the surface area of the membrane decreases D) is not a factor in haemodialysis E) is greater initially and then decreases as dialysis continues



67. It is clear from the passage that increasing the flow rate of blood through the artificial kidney is ----. A) a good way to increase the length of time the blood and fluid are in contact with the membrane B) not a practical option in dialysis C) only achieved when certain pre-conditions are met D) one of the ways in which dialysis can be made more efficient E) better than raising the rate of flow of the dialyzing fluid



65. According to the passage, solute transfer in dialysis is faster ----.



68. It can be understood from the passage that, as the concentration gradient between the blood and dialyzing fluid is reduced, ----.



A) than the natural kidney function



A) the maximum rate of transfer occurs



B) when the concentration gradient between the blood and dialyzing fluid is dissipated



B) the membrane slowly becomes more permeable to the solute



C) when the patient’s own kidney is used



C) the diffusion of solute across the membrane slows down



D) at the beginning of the process E) when dialysis is prolonged



D) the transfer of blood and fluid across the membrane is optimized E) an artificial kidney must be used to keep the patient healthy



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



31



A SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ 70. The topic of this passage is ----.



69. – 72. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) the effect of the destruction of the main areas of the brain



Stimulation of several areas of the hypothalamus in the brain causes an animal to experience extreme hunger, a voracious appetite, and an intense desire to search for food. The area most associated with hunger is the lateral hypothalamic area. Damage to this area sometimes causes the animal to lose desire for food, sometimes causing lethal starvation. On the other hand, a centre in the hypothalamus that opposes the desire for food, called the satiety centre, is located in the ventromedial nucleus. When this centre is stimulated electrically, an animal that is eating food suddenly stops eating and shows complete indifference to food. However, if this area is destroyed bilaterally, the animal cannot be satiated; instead, its hypothalamic hunger centres become overactive, so that it has a voracious appetite, resulting in tremendous obesity.



B) the effect of brain damage on the choice of food C) changes in the lateral hypothalamic area of the brain resulting from starvation D) the stimulation of different areas of the brain E) the hypothalamus and its relation to appetite



71. According to the passage, obesity in animals can be caused by ----. A) stimulation of the ventromedial nucleus in the hypothalamus B) a damaged lateral hypothalamic area C) irreparable bilateral damage to the ventromedial nucleus D) over-stimulation of the satiety centre E) the easy availability of food



72. We see from the passage that, when the lateral hypothalamic area of an animal’s brain is damaged, the animal ----.



69. It is pointed out in the passage that the satiety centre, when stimulated, causes an animal to ----.



A) cannot control its activities



A) lose interest in eating



B) may starve to death



B) have a voracious appetite



C) becomes overactive



C) have an overactive hunger centre D) have an intense desire to search for food



D) is in danger of also losing the ventromedial nucleus



E) connect this stimulation directly with hunger



E) loses all sensitivity to stimulation of the brain



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



32



A SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ 74. According to the passage, dead space air ----.



73. – 76. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) aids the gas exchange process tremendously



The ultimate importance of the pulmonary ventilatory system is to continually renew the air in the gas exchange areas of the lungs, where the air is in proximity to pulmonary blood. These areas include the alveoli, alveolar sacs, alveolar ducts and respiratory bronchioles. However, during normal quiet respiration, the volume of air is only enough to fill the respiratory passageways down as far as the terminal bronchioles, with only a small portion of the inspired air actually flowing all the way to the alveoli. Some of the molecules in the inspired air travel the final short distance to the alveoli through diffusion, but most never reach the gas exchange areas of the lungs, instead going to fill respiratory passages where gas exchange does not occur, such as the nose, pharynx and trachea. This air is called dead space air because it is not useful for the gas exchange process; the respiratory passages where no gas exchange takes place are called dead space. On expiration, the air in the dead space is expired first, before any of the air from the alveoli reaches the atmosphere. Therefore, the dead space does not aid in removal of the expiratory gases from the lungs.



B) is the last to reach the atmosphere during expiration C) flows all the way to the alveoli through diffusion D) does not help in the expiration of gases from the lungs E) is of ultimate importance in the pulmonary ventilatory system



75. It can be understood from the passage that the main function of the pulmonary ventilatory system is to provide ----. A) clean air to the pulmonary blood B) dead space air to the gas exchange areas of the lungs C) gas exchange in the dead space areas D) atmospheric air during expiration E) clean air to the nose, pharynx and trachea



73. It is clearly pointed out in the passage that only a small amount of the air inspired during normal respiration ----.



76. It is mentioned in the passage that the alveoli, alveolar sacs, alveolar ducts and respiratory bronchioles ----.



A) reaches the atmosphere



A) occasionally renew the air in the gas exchange areas of the lungs



B) is expired before the next breath is taken



B) are the parts of the lungs that are closest to pulmonary blood



C) is called dead space air D) stays in the nose, pharynx and trachea



C) do not receive any of the inspired air during quiet respiration



E) ever reaches the gas exchange areas of the lungs



D) are part of the dead space of the respiratory system E) are outside the gas exchange areas of the lungs



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



33



A SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ 78. It is clear from the passage that if the human flu virus and the H5N1 strain were to infect the same mammalian cell at the same time, ----.



77. – 80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Virologist Robert Webster thinks that the H5N1 strain of the avian influenza virus poses the most serious public health threat since the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918, which killed an estimated 40 million to 100 million people worldwide. Although the H5N1 strain has so far shown no signs that it has acquired the ability to transmit easily from person to person, Webster says that it is only a matter of time before it does. For that to happen, Webster and others believe that a version of the human flu virus, which is easily transmittable between people, and the H5N1 avian virus would have to infect the same mammalian cell at the same time and re-combine their DNA. If H5N1 picks up those genes from the human flu virus that enable it to spread from person to person, Webster says that virtually nobody will have immunity to it, and many deaths may ensue.



A) the H5N1 strain would probably gain the ability to spread between people B) mammals would become immune to both flu strains C) this could prove dangerous but will almost certainly never happen D) it would pose no danger to the public E) the H5N1 strain would be destroyed



79. As we can infer from the passage, virologist Robert Webster thinks that ----. A) most humans are immune to the H5N1 avian influenza strain as it exists at present B) the H5N1 strain is unlikely ever to be transmitted between humans C) the H5N1 strain and the human flu virus could never combine to create a stronger virus D) the avian influenza virus will soon pose a huge threat to humans E) many human deaths could result from a resurgence of the Spanish flu



77. We see from the passage that although the H5N1 strain of the avian flu virus is not easily transmitted from person to person at present, ----.



80. According to the passage, 40 to 100 million people worldwide ----. A) transmit flu viruses to other people every year B) have already died from the H5N1 strain



A) the human flu virus is also not easily transmittable between people



C) are currently infected with the H5N1 avian virus



B) neither was the Spanish flu virus in 1918



D) were threatened by the Spanish flu pandemic



C) it will probably acquire the ability to do so in the near future



E) died from the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918



D) most people already have immunity to it



TEST BİTTİ.



E) it is not a serious public health threat



CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



34



ÜNİVERSİTELERARASI KURUL YABANCI DİL SINAVI (ÜDS) 25 MART 2007 A KİTAPÇIĞI



İNGİLİZCE SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ TESTİ CEVAP ANAHTARI



1. B



21. C



41. D



61. C



2. D



22. A



42. A



62. A



3. A



23. E



43. C



63. B



4. C



24. B



44. B



64. E



5. E



25. D



45. E



65. D



6. D



26. C



46. A



66. B



7. C



27. D



47. E



67. D



8. B



28. B



48. B



68. C



9. E



29. A



49. D



69. A



10. A



30. E



50. C



70. E



11. E



31. B



51. E



71. C



12. A



32. E



52. C



72. B



13. C



33. A



53. B



73. E



14. B



34. C



54. D



74. D



15. D



35. D



55. B



75. A



16. B



36. A



56. E



76. B



17. A



37. B



57. C



77. C



18. D



38. E



58. A



78. A



19. E



39. D



59. D



79. D



20. C



40. C



60. A



80. E



A İNGİLİZCE SOSYAL BİLİMLER 5. As a family we are used to moving from one part of the country to another, and we usually ---pretty quickly in each new home.



1. – 18. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



A) run through 1. In their ---- to overcome the anti-social effects of modern architecture, architects have directed their attention to more informal settlements. A) avoidance



B) condition



D) involvement



B) move round



D) come through



C) turn down



E) settle down



C) attempt



E) development 6. The EU recognizes that progress on human rights around the world ---- the cooperation and collaboration of many groups and individuals. A) gets into



B) makes up



D) depends on



C) takes off



E) puts off



2. Much of our knowledge of the ---- lives of the ancient Romans has been derived from the excavations at Pompeii and nearby Herculaneum. A) pretentious



B) daily



D) convenient



C) complete



E) extensive 7. If they ---- us their plans at the beginning, these problems ---- us now. A) showed / would not have been worrying B) had shown / would not be worrying C) show / will not be worrying D) have shown / could not be worrying



3. The growing closeness between China and the Gulf nations has not gone unnoticed in the rest of the world, most ---- in the US. A) similarly



B) vaguely



D) equally



E) will show / may not be worrying



C) relatively



E) notably



8. Most physical anthropologists ---- that modern human abilities ---- present since the emergence of Homo sapiens some 40,000-100,000 years ago. A) will agree / would be B) could agree / are C) have agreed / were



4. Language learning can ---- in interesting ways across different societies and cultural settings. A) divide



B) distract D) tend



D) agree / have been



C) vary



E) had agreed / must be



E) dismay



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



35



A SOSYAL BİLİMLER th



12. Two factors that contribute ---- the Eastern Sierra’s wildflower diversity are its local habitat diversity and the fact that it is the meeting point ---- three floristic regions.



9. It ---- until the 17 century that military leaders began to realize that stress on soldiers ---- a profound influence on the success of military operations.



A) over / from



A) had not been / is having



B) for / in



D) on / about



B) is not / has



C) into / at



E) to / for



C) was not / could have D) has not been / had E) may not be / must have



10. A deeply hypnotized subject ---- to initiate activity and would rather wait for the hypnotist ---something to do.



13. ---- the same time as modern humans pushed into Europe, some of the same group that had paused ---- the Middle East spread east into Central Asia. A) Of / for



A) does not like / to suggest



B) About / in



D) During / to



B) had not liked / suggesting



C) With / at



E) On / through



C) did not like / should suggest D) may not like / has suggested E) will not like / to be suggesting



11. Ever since James R. Flynn ---- his startling results, psychologists and educators ---- to figure out whether people really are getting smarter. A) has published / had struggled



14. Research evidence suggests that, in their games, girls show preference for home-centered interests ---- boys are drawn to more naughty and dangerous themes and plots. A) unless



B) published / have struggled



B) when D) whereas



C) had published / will struggle



C) as though E) now that



D) was publishing / had been struggling E) publishes / are struggling



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



36



A SOSYAL BİLİMLER 15. ---- winemaking in France dates back to preRoman times it was the Romans who spread the practice. A) Although



B) Until



D) Whether



19. – 23. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



C) If A market economy provides plenty of opportunities to people, but there are risks. Your level of success in a market economy – how much income you earn and how much wealth you accumulate – will depend on your innate intelligence (19) ---- your efforts. But there is also an element of luck: Your fate (20) ---affected by where you were born, what occupation you choose, and your genetic makeup and health. There are also chance events, such as natural disasters and human accidents, that can affect your (21) ----. Given the uncertainty of market economics, most governments have a “social safety net” (22) ---provides for citizens who do not succeed in the market economy. The safety net includes programmes that redistribute income from the rich to the poor and (23) ---- programmes of support.



E) In that



16. ---- regulate the life of a society, general and legal rules are set down in written form by the highest legislative authority of a country. A) Due to



B) In order to



C) With reference to



D) Contrary to 19.



E) With regard to



A) owing to



B) in case of



C) by means of



D) as well as E) on behalf of



20. 17. The Mann-Whitney test is a procedure used in nonparametric statistics to determine ---- the means of two populations are equal. A) so far as



B) so long as



D) since



A) was



B) is



C) had been



D) would have been E) should have been



C) while



E) whether



21. A) account



B) demand



D) requirement



B) more / as



D) either / or



E) schedule



22.



18. France is a large country and, although it has over 56 million inhabitants, is ---- densely populated ---- most of its western European neighbours. A) so / that



C) prosperity



A) what



B) of which D) that



C) when



E) wherever



C) less / than 23.



E) not only / but



A) one another D) each other



B) other



C) another



E) every other



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



37



A SOSYAL BİLİMLER 26. As most of the archaeological and paleontological records consist of bones, ----.



24. – 35. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz. 24. Although the pace of progress in Latin America and the Caribbean over the past two decades has been impressive, ----. A) there remain tremendous development needs in the region, resulting from poverty and inequality



A) people often think of the human skeleton as a symbol of death B) skeletal remains form the basis for most of what we know about human ancestors and our evolution C) the pace of skeletal weakening has accelerated over the past few millenia



B) the EU works with Latin American and Caribbean nations to advance these goals



D) it is undoubtedly true that bone resists decomposition better than flesh



C) since 2000, the European Investment Bank has financed €1.3 billion in projects in the region



E) the bones of modern humans are, on average, more slender than those of our ancestors



D) Europe and Latin America share historic and cultural ties stretching back over 500 years E) the European Commission Humanitarian Aid Office has funded disaster relief operations in the region



25. Once rarely found in newsrooms, ----.



27. While some of the tapestries at the exhibition are representations of local life, ----.



A) each radio and television station and daily newspaper will have subscribed to one or more wire services



A) they were created by individuals without any formal art training



B) the news editor will also assign headline sizes to be written on the various stories as they are edited throughout the night



B) few observers appreciated the colour or the creativity of the abstract designs C) others depict fruit, flowers, trees and the like



C) a very small newspaper or radio station may have a reporting staff consisting of one or two persons



D) one wonders whether they have taken up to 18 months to complete



D) the reporter’s task could have been to present information, not to pass judgement on it



E) the exhibition itself will continue until the end of the year



E) women now comprise about half of the newseditorial staffs of America’s daily newspapers



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



38



A SOSYAL BİLİMLER 30. ----, the actual pace of change in these countries has been disappointingly slow.



28. ---- if it is faced with American-inspired international sanctions.



A) Since most of the sub-Saharan African countries have good governance



A) Iran has threatened to disrupt oil supplies B) Tehran would probably have found considerable foreign support



B) Even though many sub-Saharan African governments say they support structural reforms



C) Iran’s use of the “oil weapon” in the past had serious economic consequences around the globe



C) Unless firmer action is taken against corruption in sub-Saharan Africa



D) The Iranians have developed a petro-euro system for oil trading



D) In order to improve the management of public spending in sub-Saharan African countries



E) The likelihood of Tehran taking action to undermine the US economy has grown stronger



E) In spite of the IMF’s demand that countries at a similar stage of development should receive equal treatment



29. Though there has been significant improvement in the growth of Africa’s gross domestic product in recent years, ----.



31. France’s biggest problem is mass unemployment, ----.



A) inflation eased to single digits, from 10.6% to 8.4%, in the previous year



A) since students are protesting against a new, more flexible job contract



B) macroeconomic conditions in the region continued to improve in 2006



B) if employers transform permanent jobs into less secure ones



C) the report suggests concrete approaches for employment-based poverty reduction programmes



C) which had been outside the control of the government for at least two decades D) as long as the government continues to support the heavily-protected high-level workers



D) poverty remains higher there than in other developing regions



E) which has continued for more than two decades



E) West Africa has the lowest unemployment rate of all



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



39



A SOSYAL BİLİMLER 34. The public may be interested in whom ministers have lunch with, ----



32. In Britain last year, there were about 5.5 million residents born outside the country, ----. A) whatever one means by Britishness, citizenship and integration



A) regardless of the fact that civil servants are always at the heart of public decision-making.



B) since the government denies migrants free English lessons



B) even though the contribution of civil servants to policy-making was decreasing in recent years.



C) of whom only about 60 per cent were citizens



C) and what are the benefits of greater openness for a democratic political system?



D) although many migrants work in situations that only require their native language



D) but is it in the public interest for the day-to-day activities of ministers to be fully disclosed?



E) while British customs and institutions help people to integrate



E) even if most senior civil servants get paid more than academics.



35. It is generally felt that members of the white working class in Britain express racist sentiments ----.



33. Classical musical literacy in much of Europe today is in decline ----. A) because its theory remains far behind the realities of contemporary music practice



A) or there may be disagreements and tensions between different groups of people



B) whether the musical world has changed



B) since they are the people most directly affected by Asian immigration



C) even though new technology has also affected the music itself



C) if the class hierarchy is internalized by each member of society



D) when hundreds of thousands of musicians form amateur symphony orchestras and chamber music groups



D) unless they want to be respected on their own terms



E) though many countries were giving considerable encouragement to young conductors and composers



E) whether or not they have control over their own lives



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



40



A SOSYAL BİLİMLER 38. Although the British gained control of the Alabama region in 1763 with the Treaty of Paris, they had to cede almost all of the region to the US and Spain after the American Revolution.



36. – 38. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz. 36. With the exception of its southwest, a large part of Afghanistan is covered by high snow-capped mountains and divided by deep valleys.



A) 1763 Paris Antlaşması’yla Alabama bölgesinin kontrolü İngilizlere geçti; ancak, Amerikan Devrimi’nden sonra bölgenin tümü Birleşik Devletler’e ve İspanya’ya bırakıldı.



A) Afganistan’ın güneybatısı hariç büyük bir bölümü, zirveleri karla örtülü yüksek dağlarla kaplıdır ve derin vadilerle bölünmüştür.



B) İngilizler, 1763 Paris Antlaşması’yla kontrolünü ele geçirdikleri Alabama bölgesinin hakimiyetini, Amerikan Devrimi’nden sonra, Birleşik Devletler’e ve İspanya’ya bırakmak zorunda kaldılar.



B) Afganistan’ın birçok bölgesinde olduğu gibi güneybatısında da karla kaplı yüksek dağlar ve derin vadiler büyük bir yer tutar. C) Afganistan’da güneybatı kesimler dışındaki bölgelerin çoğunu, karlı yüksek dağlar kaplar ve derin vadiler böler. D) Karlı yüksek dağlar ve derin vadiler, güneybatısı dışında Afganistan’ın büyük bir bölümünü kaplar. E) Afganistan, güneybatısının büyük bir bölümü dışında, tepeleri karlı yüksek dağlarla ve boydan boya uzanan derin vadilerle kaplıdır.



C) 1763 Paris Antlaşması’ndan sonra Birleşik Devletler ile İspanya’nın hakimiyeti altında olan Alabama bölgesinin kontrolü daha önceden İngilizlerin elindeydi; ancak, bu durum sadece Amerikan Devrimi’ne kadar sürdü. D) Alabama bölgesinin kontrolü 1763’te imzalanan Paris Antlaşması’yla tümüyle İngilizlere geçmiştir; fakat bölgeye Amerikan Devrimi sonrasında Birleşik Devletler ve İspanya hakim olmuştur. E) İngilizler 1763’te Paris Antlaşması’yla Alabama bölgesinin kontrolünü ele geçirmelerine rağmen, Amerikan Devrimi’nden sonra bölgenin hemen hemen tümünü Birleşik Devletler’e ve İspanya’ya bırakmak zorunda kaldılar.



39. – 41. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz. 39. 2000 seçimlerinden sonra Başkan George W. Bush her ne kadar ülke içi sorunlara odaklanmış olarak Beyaz Saray’a gelmişse de kısa sürede, dikkatini dış konulara çevirmek zorunda kaldı.



37. The writers of the Romantic movement generally regarded humans as inherently good but corrupted by society and its institutions. A) Romantik akımın yazarları, çoğunlukla, doğuştan iyi olan insanın toplumdaki kurumlar tarafından bozulduğunu kabul ederler. B) Romantik akımın yazarları, insanların doğuştan iyi olduğunu ancak toplumun kurumlarının genellikle onları değiştirdiğini benimsemişlerdir. C) Romantik akım yazarlarının, tüm insanların doğuştan genellikle iyi olmalarına rağmen, toplum ve kurumları yüzünden bozulduklarını kabul ettiklerine inanılmıştır.



A) Although, after the 2000 election, President George W. Bush came into the White House focused on domestic issues, he was soon forced to turn his attention to foreign affairs. B) Following the 2000 election, President George W. Bush came into the White House with a full awareness of domestic problems but, within a short time, he had to focus his attention on international issues. C) After the 2000 election, when President George W. Bush entered the White House primarily concerned with domestic matters, his attention was immediately focused on foreign affairs.



D) Romantik akım yazarları, genellikle, insanları doğuştan iyi fakat toplum ve kurumları tarafından bozulmuş olarak görmüşlerdir. E) Romantik akım yazarlarına göre, insanlar doğuştan iyidir, fakat genellikle toplum ve kurumları tarafından bozulmuştur.



D) Even if, after the 2000 election, President George W. Bush began his tenure in the White House thoroughly aware of domestic affairs, his attention soon turned to international matters. E) A short time after the 2000 election, President George W. Bush began to focus his attention on foreign issues, although he had come into the White House mainly concerned with domestic affairs. Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



41



A SOSYAL BİLİMLER 40. 100 yaş ve üzerinde olan insanlar, Amerikan nüfusunun en hızlı artan yaş gruplarından birini temsil etmektedir.



42. – 46. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz.



A) The fastest-growing age group of the American population is represented by people living to age 100 and beyond. B) People living to age 100 and beyond is known as the fastest-growing age group of the American population. C) It is known that people living to age 100 and beyond are one of the fastest-growing age groups of the American population.



42. Isaac Newton and Francis Bacon were considered by their contemporaries to be ornaments of the English humanities, and many whom we now call scientists were called “natural philosophers” in their day. ----. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the earliest use of the term was in 1840. A) Inspired by the example of the University of Berlin, other institutions of learning were beginning to detach themselves from theology and classics and devote themselves to research



D) It is in the American population that the group of people living to age 100 and beyond is growing the fastest.



B) Sigmund Freud considered himself a “biologist of the mind”



E) People living to age 100 and beyond represent one of the fastest-growing age groups of the American population.



C) Charles Darwin was a man driven to explain his ideas in rational terms D) The term “scientist” was only invented in the 19th century as a kind of counterpart to the term “artist” E) Human life was illuminated by being compared to a chariot pulled by two horses of different temperaments, a flowing stream, or the task of pushing a stone up a hill



41. Vietnam ile Amerika Birleşik Devletleri arasındaki savaşta en vahşi çarpışma, 1968 başlarında, Tet olarak bilinen Vietnam Yeni Yılı sırasında olmuştur.



43. The low-tax, high-income countries are mostly English-speaking ones that share a direct, historical lineage with 19th century Britain. ----. The high-tax, high-income states are the Nordic social democracies, notably Denmark, Finland, Sweden and Norway, which have been governed by social democratic parties for much or all of the post-World War II era. They combine a healthy respect for market forces with a strong commitment to anti-poverty programmes.



A) The bloodiest fighting in the Vietnam-United States of America war took place during the Vietnamese New Year known as Tet, in 1968. B) During the war between Vietnam and the United States of America, it was early in 1968, the time of the Vietnamese New Year known as Tet, that the fiercest battle was fought.



A) Unemployment rates are roughly the same in both groups



C) In the war between Vietnam and the United States of America, the most savage fighting occurred early in 1968, during the Vietnamese New Year, known as Tet.



B) These countries include Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, the UK and the US



D) Throughout the war between Vietnam and the United States of America, the most dangerous of the battles fought was the one early in 1968, during the Vietnamese New Year known as Tet. E) In the war between Vietnam and the United States of America, the fighting occurring early in 1968, during the Vietnamese New Year known as Tet, was quite terrible.



C) All of them, but especially Sweden and Finland, have taken to the sweeping revolution in information and communications technology D) One of the great challenges of sustainable development is to combine society’s desire for economic prosperity and social security E) The US spends less than most other rich countries on social services for the poor and disabled



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



42



A SOSYAL BİLİMLER 46. After earning his degree, John M. Keynes became a civil servant, taking a job with the India Office in Whitehall, London. ----. With the onset of World War I, Keynes returned to government employment, this time in the Treasury.



44. As you may have seen in a museum, men and women have grown taller and heavier in the last 300 years. ----. Body weights are also substantially higher today. The average weight of English males in their thirties was about 60 kg in 1790 – 20% below today’s average.



A) Between the wars, Keynes wrote his most famous work: The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money



A) Not only did lower food supplies lead to smaller physical stature, but they also led to a higher incidence of chronic disease



B) After World War I, he attended the Versailles Peace Conference



B) A typical Frenchman in his thirties at that time weighed only 50 kg



C) His book, The Economic Consequences of the Peace, condemned the Versailles Peace Treaty and its negotiators



C) As an example, an average male adult today is at approximately 1.75 m tall, which is nearly 12 cm taller than the typical Englisman in the late eighteenth century



D) His wife, a Russian ballerina, was very active in promoting the arts



D) Robert Fogel from the University of Chicago estimated that the chronic malnutrition caused by limited food supplies at those times limited labour productivity



E) After a while, he returned to Cambridge, where he taught economics at the University



E) Economic growth increased food supplies, enabling workers to become more productive and increase gross domestic product even more



45. A number of globalization issues involving children require our thoughtful consideration and action. ----. These children and their families represent a challenge to educators because of cultural and language barriers. A) A great challenge in the twenty-first century is how to enrich or give positive content to the process of globalization



47. – 51. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz. 47. Benjamin : - Have you ever heard of a “cargo cult”? Adam : - ----



B) The effects of globalization are seen over a wide spectrum of our lives, including children’s play and people’s beliefs and attitudes about it



Benjamin : - It happens when a person from an economically-developed country goes to a place that is completely isolated from the outside world. The people there see all the things the foreigner brings, and start to treat the foreigner as a god.



C) One can judge the quality of a nation by the willingness of its citizens to care about other people’s children D) An educational consequence of globalization facing many teachers of young children in the US and elsewhere is the growing number of recent immigrant children in classrooms



A) No. You tell me. B) No, is it something about world travel? C) What did you say?



E) Conditions are being created so that more and more people will come to have both a global identity and a local identity (one’s own cultural reference group) in the twenty-first century



D) Who came up with that term? E) I don’t want to hear about it.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



43



A SOSYAL BİLİMLER 50. Alex : - This article claims that, within the next ten years, the economies of developing countries will grow extensively.



48. Frank : - Do you know which country has the most tourists each year? Tom : - ---Frank : - No, it’s France, but the US takes in more money from tourism than any other country. A)



Jeannette : - Yes, I’ve read it. I don’t think the economies will grow only because of foreign or domestic investment, however. Alex : - ----



No, I don’t.



B) I should think it must be Italy. C) There is fierce competition among countries, isn’t there?



Jeannette : - They’ll grow because most of the poor people in those countries will finally have enough money to start spending it.



D) Where do you like to travel?



A)



How do you know?



E) Portugal is the country I am most interested in.



B)



Then what is it that will cause the growth?



C)



I don’t agree with the article, do you?



D)



Who wrote this article, anyway?



E)



What do you think will happen?



49. Barry : - It says in this newspaper article that, in the year 2000, almost 40% of all traffic fatalities in the US were alcohol-related. Jean : - ----



51. Anna : - With global warming seeming to become a reality, tourist destinations are changing. Peter : - ---Anna : - Well, the most popular places formerly have become too hot for most tourists, so they’re choosing cooler spots.



Barry : - Yes. The percentage has dropped from 51% in 1987.



Peter : - Then the traditional tourist spots probably stand to lose income.



Jean: - That’s an improvement, then.



A) What can we do to stop the trend?



A) What do you think about this topic? B) People shouldn’t drink alcohol and then drive.



B) Oh, are people going to Antarctica to see the ice before it melts?



C) I think they need better public transportation systems in US cities.



C) I don’t believe that the earth is really warming up.



D) Is that a change from previous years?



D) Do you think this will affect Turkey’s economy?



E) Were intoxicated pedestrians also included in the survey?



E) Really? In what way?



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



44



A SOSYAL BİLİMLER 52. – 56. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. 52. (I) During the 1990s, the Japanese economy was in a prolonged recession. (II) Economists and journalists put forward many different ideas to try to jump-start the economy. (III) This is an example, although an unusual one, of government fiscal policy. (IV) One suggestion was that the Japanese government should issue everyone a certificate entitling each person to the equivalent, in yen, of $200. (V) However, these yen certificates would only be valid for purchases for one month. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



55. (I) Oil wealth in Venezuela has given rise to grand aspirations ever since 1922, when a blowout of oil sprayed “black rain” over the small town of Cabimas. (II) By 1928, Venezuela had become the world’s largest oil exporter, with Venezuelans of all classes acquiring costly Yanqui tastes. (III) In recent surveys, a majority of Venezuelans said they had benefitted from government spending on food and health care as well as on education. (IV) In 1976, the government nationalized its subsoil wealth, and high oil prices and stable politics increased the national living standard. (V) But by 1980, oil prices began to fall, and hard times followed, making life difficult for most Venezuelans. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



E) V



53. (I) Folk ballads were songs sung by the common people of England. (II) Their origins remain a mystery. (III) Most seem to have been composed between 1200 and 1500, and while there has been much argument, no one is exactly sure how they were created. (IV) The ballad form does not allow elaborate detail in plot, setting or character. (V) Present-day theories suggest that many were invented by local minstrels, descendants of the Anglo-Saxons, who entertained the humble people of a village by making up songs. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



54. (I) In the last decade, improvements in the effectiveness of organ transplants have increased the demand for used human organs. (II) Each year, thousands of Americans will die waiting for replacement kidneys, hearts and lungs. (III) Because the supply has not increased along with demand, however, there are shortages of transplantable organs. (IV) In a normal market, the price would rise to eliminate the shortage, but because it is illegal to buy and sell human organs, there is no pricing mechanism to close the gap between the quantity supplied and the quantity demanded. (V) This gap in the organ-transplant system has led Nobel-winning economist Gary Becker to suggest monetary incentives for organ donors. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



56. (I) The 26.2-mile footrace known as the Last Marathon takes place every other February on King George Island, about 2,000 miles from the South Pole. (II) Some 600 scientists and support workers live here in the summer conducting meteorological and wildlife studies. (III) The race was founded in 1955 by Thom Gilligan, a marathoner from Boston. (IV) The participants, ranging in age from 18 to 71 years old and hailing from 15 countries, are competitive runners as well as casual joggers. (V) All the participants, however, possess the “three D’s” some runners jokingly say are necessary to complete a marathon: desire, discipline and dementia. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



E) V



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



45



A SOSYAL BİLİMLER 58. It is emphasized in the passage that the economic well-being of Pompeii ----.



57. – 60. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. The Roman city of Pompeii in A.D. 79 was a thriving provincial centre, a few miles from the Bay of Naples, with a population of between 10,000 and 20,000 people. Its narrow streets, made narrower by street vendors and shops with cloth awnings for shade, were full of shoppers, tavern-goers, slaves, and vacationers from the North. A huge new aqueduct supplied running water from the Lower Apennine mountains, which flowed from fountains throughout the city, even in private homes. But the key to Pompeii’s prosperity, and that of smaller settlements nearby like Oplontis and Terzigna, was the region’s rich black earth provided by Mount Vesuvius’ volcanic eruptions. “One of the ironies of volcanoes is that they tend to produce very fertile soils, and that tends to tempt people to live around them”, says geologist Philip Janey. Had Roman knowledge in the summer of A.D. 79 been less mythological and more geological, the Pompeiians might have recognized the danger signs from Mount Vesuvius and escaped the volcanic eruption that was to follow.



A) reached its climax in A.D. 79, the year in which there was a sharp increase in its population B) primarily depended on the commercial activities of its people as well as holidaymakers from the North C) attracted all kinds of people with money, who crowded its streets and led a carefree life D) was essentially related to the fertility of its land, which was due to the volcanic eruptions of Mount Vesuvius E) was the outcome of its exploitation of the settlements around it such as Oplontis and Terzigna



59. One understands from the passage that Pompeii ----. A) was the only Roman city famous for its taverns and shopping centres B) was one of the Roman centres for the slave trade C) had a very efficient water system D) was the second largest city in the Roman Empire E) had been destroyed by volcanic eruptions several times before A.D. 79



60. According to the passage, what geologist Philip Janey is actually saying in the part quoted is that ----.



57. According to the passage, in A.D. 79, there had been some geological indications that ----.



A) the city of Pompeii should have been founded on the other side of the Bay of Naples



A) Mount Vesuvius was about to erupt, but the people of Pompeii failed to understand them



B) volcanic terrain is most suitable for people to settle and live on



B) the Bay of Naples posed a serious danger to the city of Pompeii, but it was ignored by the Pompeiians



C) people always prefer to settle in volcanic areas since they believe the land there is more fertile



C) the area in which the city of Pompeii was situated was becoming less and less fertile



D) the Pompeiians knew that the area around Mount Vesuvius was not a safe place to settle in, but they settled there anyway



D) the water resources in the Lower Apennine mountains were no longer adequate to supply water to the city of Pompeii



E) people attracted by the fertile lands around volcanoes prefer to live there, ignoring the dangers of a volcanic eruption



E) Oplontis and Terzigna, the settlements near Pompeii, were not safe to live in and, therefore, had to be evacuated



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



46



A SOSYAL BİLİMLER 62. According to the passage, Cézanne’s style of painting ----.



61. – 64. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Artist Paul Cézanne wanted to make paint “bleed”. The old masters, he said, painted warmblooded flesh and made the trees look warm and alive, and he would too. He wanted to capture “the green odour” of his Provence fields and “the perfume of marble from Saint-Victoire”, the mountain that was the subject of so many of his paintings. He was bold, spreading and slapping paint onto his still-lifes with a palette knife. “I will astonish Paris with an apple”, he boasted. In the years when his friends Manet, Monet, Pissarro and Renoir were finally gaining acceptance, Cézanne worked furiously and mostly in isolation, ridiculed by critics and mocked by the public, sometimes tearing up his own canvases. He wanted more than the quick impressions of the Impressionists, and devoted himself to studying the natural world. He called himself a “slave to nature”, but he knew that he could never completely capture the natural landscape on canvas.



A) was widely acclaimed by art critics and the public B) mainly derived from the views held by his friends Manet, Monet, Pissarro and Renoir C) was achieved by copying the works of the old masters whom he studied D) differed significantly from that of his fellow artists E) had a great influence on his contemporaries and their work



63. It is pointed out in the passage that the world of nature ----. A) appealed to Cézanne so powerfully that it became the main focus of his art B) depicted by Manet and the other Impressionists failed to appeal to the public C) was most successfully represented by Cézanne in all of his works D) meant for Cézanne only different shades of colours and nothing else E) was understood by Cézanne as a reference to environmental issues



61. It is stated in the passage that, as a painter, Cézanne ----. 64. It is clear from the passage that, in his paintings, Cézanne ----.



A) wasn’t able to depict nature in his works as fully or as vividly as he would have liked to



A) developed a completely new style which was imitated by his contemporaries



B) achieved far more popularity in art circles than his contemporaries



B) was influenced, to a great extent, by the French Impressionists



C) dismissed the old masters as only artists whose style was old-fashioned



C) used daring techniques to produce his likenesses of the fields of Provence



D) was interested more in the representation of still life than in the depiction of landscape and natural scenes



D) attached more importance to the depiction of the human body than the natural landscape



E) was noted for his quiet personality and refined manners



E) almost always depicted Paris and its surroundings



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



47



A SOSYAL BİLİMLER 66. One understands from the passage that Angola’s previously poor oil output ----.



65. – 68. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Angola’s emergence as a serious player in the global oil sector has been underlined by the publication of its latest production figures. After several years of slow output growth, the fruits of the multi-billion dollar deepwater investment programme are finally feeding through. Thus, production reached 1.3 million barrels a day during the final quarter of 2005. With the new deepwater fields now coming into production, the government’s target of producing 2 million barrels a day by 2008 now seems eminently within reach. In the meantime, official Angolan government figures indicate that oil production averaged 1.25 million barrels a day during the course of 2005, a steep jump on the year before. In addition, the government’s estimate of proven oil reserves has finally been increased from 5.4 billion barrels to 12.4 billion barrels. This shows that, as sub-Saharan Africa’s second biggest oil producer after Nigeria, Angola is in an excellent position to overtake countries such as Libya and Algeria in the table of oil powers on the continent as a whole.



A) can only be improved through the exploitation of its deepwater reserves B) has improved dramatically and reached a record level in 2005 C) is related to Nigeria’s dominant position in the sub-Saharan oil sector D) prevents it from competing efficiently with other oil producing countries E) does not make it a current major player in the global oil sector



67. It is pointed out in the passage that the Angolan government ----. A) is working on multi-billion dollar deepwater investment programmes to be implemented in 2008 B) feels that its 2008 oil production target may not be realized due to the high costs of deepwater investments C) is resolved to challenge only Libya for oil leadership in Africa D) has invested huge sums for the production of oil from its deepwater fields E) announced that it has published its oil figures in order to prove to the world that it is a serious player in the global oil sector



65. It is suggested in the passage that, with its rich oil reserves and rapidly increasing oil production, Angola ----.



68. It is pointed out in the passage that, according to the Angolan government, ----.



A) has become one of the major oil powers in Africa



A) the country’s verified oil reserves are more than twice the original estimate



B) has already completely left behind such major oil producers as Nigeria, Libya and Algeria C) has emerged as a threat in sub-Saharan Africa as well as the global oil sector



B) the country owns the largest and most productive deepwater oil fields in sub-Saharan Africa C) Angola has already become the largest oil producer in all of Africa



D) can be regarded as a long-time constructive player in the African oil league



D) after 2008, Nigeria and other oil producing countries in Africa will no longer be major players in the global oil sector



E) has always been in fierce competition with Nigeria and other sub-Saharan African countries



E) the country’s deepwater oil reserves have finally been verified but are too costly to be exploited



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



48



A SOSYAL BİLİMLER 70. It is stressed in the passage that the Nuremberg and Tokyo trials ----.



69. – 72. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Supporters of today’s international criminal tribunals say that their work builds on the post-World War II tribunals in Nuremberg and, to a lesser degree, Tokyo. As a matter of legal doctrine, that is true. The category of “crimes against humanity”, for example, was developed at Nuremberg and is now a central element in many prosecutions. But there is a critical difference between now and then. The courts in Nuremberg and Tokyo were part of a broader political project that aimed to rehabilitate Germany and Japan, respectively, both socially and economically, not simply to try guilt or innocence or hand out harsh punishments. These were military courts that operated with military efficiency, and the Allies could then focus fully on the reconstruction of these countries. Yet, the international courts for the former Yugoslavia, Rwanda, and the new International Criminal Court (ICC) in the Hague, on the other hand, operate under civilian law and provide generous protection to defendants. The result is a ballooning of the court timelines and costs. For instance, it took the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) 10 years to complete the same number of trials that Nuremberg conducted in less than a year. Indeed, it is clear that, because of their protracted proceedings and excessive costs, today’s war crimes trials cannot serve the decisive political and social function that Nuremberg did.



A) were not interested in what is today termed “crimes against humanity” B) were conducted in accordance with the provisions of both military and civilian law C) involved both prolonged and extremely complicated proceedings D) were mainly confined to war crimes with the single aim of handing out harsh punishments E) made up the first stage of a broader policy which aimed for the reconstruction of Germany and Japan



71. It is stated in the passage that, a case in an international criminal court today ----. A) may not always be conducted within the context of civilian law B) has far-reaching positive political and social consequences C) is not necessarily concerned with crimes against humanity D) can continue for many years before being finalized E) can be conducted at a lower cost



69. It is argued in the passage that today’s international criminal courts ----.



72. One understands from the passage that people put on trial at an international criminal court today ----.



A) were originally established in Nuremberg and Tokyo for the trial of war crimes committed during World War II



A) usually complain about protracted proceedings and excessive expenses



B) have no correlation whatsoever with the principles of the Nuremberg trials



B) always deny that they have committed crimes against humanity



C) follow a punitive policy and recognize no right of appeal for defendants



C) are given extensive rights to defend themselves



D) are costly, time-consuming and lacking in efficiency



D) are invariably found guilty and, therefore, given harsh punishments



E) have been set up only for the trial of specific crimes and are to be abolished in due course



E) only remain on trial for, at most, one year



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



49



A SOSYAL BİLİMLER 74. It is suggested in the passage that boys ----.



73. – 76. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) are never influenced by their social environment in their attitude towards mathematics



The ability to deal with numbers and mathematical concepts reveals an interesting pattern of differences between girls and boys. Girls usually begin counting before boys. Throughout the primary-school years and middle school, girls are better at computational problems, whereas boys do better with mathreasoning problems. During this period, girls also tend to get higher grades. By high school, however, boys begin to perform better, especially at the higher levels of ability. Some psychologists believe this advantage is genetic, but others think that it may derive, in part, from males’ use of more effective strategies and their lower level of anxiety when approaching mathematics problems. It has also been suggested that the sex differences come about to some degree because girls view math as a male activity (and, therefore, have less interest in it) and because some parents and teachers offer greater encouragement to males in this area. Some studies support this analysis, but others do not. In this area, too, biological and socialization factors probably combine to produce the observed differences.



B) are always discouraged when they are faced with a mathematical problem C) are genetically far more motivated towards mathematics than girls D) are more successful than girls at primary level in dealing with mathematical problems which require reasoning E) usually rely on their parents and teachers in solving all kinds of mathematical problems



75. One learns from the passage that, according to one view, the sex difference between boys and girls ----. A) has been categorically ruled out by all psychologists as an important factor in learning mathematics B) ought to be taken into consideration by parents and teachers C) is negligible at the high school level D) cannot be a significant factor in their performance at high school E) does have some effect on their mathematical performance



73. The author thinks that differences between girls and boys ----. A) can be observed only through their approach to mathematics



76. It is pointed out in the passage that girls ----. A) never fail in their determination to excel over boys in mathematics



B) have concerned psychologists far more than their performance at school



B) begin to use numbers before boys do



C) is a subject that has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years from psychologists



C) are relatively more conscious than boys as regards their sex differences



D) remain constant throughout their school years



D) always use mathematical concepts as efficiently as boys in solving problems



E) may be attributed to the joint effect of their biological nature and social environment



E) in the long run perform much better than boys in all aspects of mathematics



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



50



A SOSYAL BİLİMLER 78. One understands from the passage that, with the printing press, ----.



77. – 80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Caxton soon caught the attention of the general public and was much respected



The printing press was first introduced into England by William Caxton in the last quarter of the fifteenth century. During his earlier travels in Europe, he had seen the newly invented system of printing from moveable type in Germany. He set up his own press in London in 1476. This initiated a major change in English literature. Now books did not have to be laboriously copied by hand. Soon, they would become relatively cheap. With books easily obtainable, more people could learn to read, and more books would be produced. The experience of literature would soon shift from the breathless group of listeners gathered in a hall or around a fire, hearing an old tale told once more, to the solitary individual, alone with the thoughts and feelings of another person speaking from the printed page.



B) Caxton was able to produce a lot of books and make a huge profit from their sale C) London came to be a major centre of book production in the fifteenth century D) the number of books produced increased greatly and to the benefit of the reading public E) booksellers in London began to compete with each other fiercely



79. It is clear from the passage that Caxton’s interest in the printing press ----. A) was originally aroused when he was visiting Germany B) had always been strong ever since his early years C) was essentially related to his desire to make a lot of profit from book production D) was the main motive for his journey to Germany E) became stronger as more and more people were learning to read



80. It is pointed out in the passage that, after the introduction of the printing press, a reader’s easy access to books ----. A) contributed enormously to the development of different types of literature in fifteenth-century England



77. It is asserted in the passage that the introduction of the printing press into England ----.



B) was hindered by the fact that books were hardly affordable



A) made book production easy but caused a major increase in their prices



C) was what the London book publishers primarily cared about



B) caused the complete disappearance of oral literature



D) made storytelling obsolete and, hence, angered the storytellers of the time



C) was too late to have any constructive effect on social and literary life



E) enabled the individual to share the thoughts and experiences of another person through the printed page



D) aroused a great deal of objection from copyists and booksellers E) had a very significant impact on people’s relationship with literature



TEST BİTTİ. CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



51



ÜNİVERSİTELERARASI KURUL YABANCI DİL SINAVI (ÜDS) 25 MART 2007 A KİTAPÇIĞI



İNGİLİZCE SOSYAL BİLİMLERİ TESTİ CEVAP ANAHTARI



1. C



21. C



41. C



61. A



2. B



22. D



42. D



62. D



3. E



23. B



43. B



63. A



4. C



24. A



44. C



64. C



5. E



25. E



45. D



65. A



6. D



26. B



46. E



66. B



7. B



27. C



47. A



67. D



8. D



28. A



48. B



68. A



9. C



29. D



49. D



69. D



10. A



30. B



50. B



70. E



11. B



31. E



51. E



71. D



12. E



32. C



52. C



72. C



13. B



33. A



53. D



73. E



14. D



34. D



54. B



74. D



15. A



35. B



55. C



75. E



16. B



36. A



56. B



76. B



17. E



37. D



57. A



77. E



18. C



38. E



58. D



78. D



19. D



39. A



59. C



79. A



20. B



40. E



60. E



80. E



A KPDS İNG / MAYIS 2008 5. In the resort areas of Greece, travel agents offer a wide range of excursions on air-conditioned coaches ---- qualified guides.



1. – 15. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. 1. The genetic fingerprinting technique, which was developed in the UK and is now used as a ---- of legal identification, determines the pattern of certain parts of the genetic material DNA that is unique to each individual. A) benefit



B) structure



C) sufficiency



D) combination



A) accompanied by



B) put up with



C) adapted to



D) designed for E) turned into



E) means



2. In existentialism, it is argued that people are responsible for, and the ---- judge of, their actions. A) expansive



B) sole



C) previous



D) irresistible



6. The ruins of ancient Troy ---- as breath-taking as those of Ephesus or Aphrodisias, but, for anyone who has ever read Homer’s Iliad or Odyssey, they have a romance few places on Earth ----. A) have not been / hoped to have matched B) had not been / would hope to match



E) prevalent



C) may not be / can hope to match D) are not / hoped to match E) could not have been / hope to match 3. By the start of the 1990s, popular music had become ---- globalized, with seventy per cent of all production resting in the hands of just five companies. A) possibly



B) rarely



C) negligently



D) significantly E) respectively 7. Nineteenth-century military helmets ---- than they now appear, but even at their best they ---- the way to the future of head protection.



4. The League of Nations, established in Geneva in 1920, included representatives from states throughout the world, but was severely weakened by the US decision not to become a member, and had no power to ---- its decisions.



A) have been better designed / do not point B) could be better designed / would not point C) are better designed / will not point



A) impress



B) compel



D) may have been better designed / did not point



C) accomplish



D) implicate



E) can be better designed / had not pointed



E) enforce



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



1



A KPDS İNG / MAYIS 2008 12. The Danish poet and novelist Jeppe Aakjær grew up in the Jutland farming area and ---- was well aware of the harsh conditions endured by farm labourers in his country.



8. Cabbage ---- as early as 2000 B.C., and the commercial varieties now ---- Brussels sprouts, common cabbage, sprouting broccoli, and kohlrabi. A) might have been cultivated / have included



A) on the contrary



B) even so



B) had been cultivated / included



C) so



D) still E) nevertheless



C) would be cultivated / used to include D) would have been cultivated / can include E) was cultivated / include



13. ---- the US and Brazil both occupy the American continent, the northern location of the former and the southern location of the latter plainly mark a real distinction and bring important policy consequences.



9. Foreign policy is composed of the goals sought, values set, decisions made and actions taken ---states and the national governments acting ---their behalf. A) by / on



B) about / for



C) at / from



D) over / between



A) As long as



B) Now that



D) After



E) in / among



10. A priori knowledge ---- Western philosophy is knowledge that is independent ---- all particular experiences, as opposed to a posteriori knowledge, which derives from experience alone.



C) Only if



E) Although



14. ---- Windsor Castle, occupying ---- area of 287 hectares, is among the most beautiful royal residences in Europe.



A) at / for



B) in / of



A) The / an



B) This / such an



C) through / by



D) beside / towards



C) An / the



D) The most / such E) That / Some



E) with / from



15. Geometry is usually divided into pure geometry, which roughly embraces the plane and solid geometry dealt with by Euclid, and analytical or coordinate geometry, ---- problems are solved using algebraic methods.



11. ---- not all negative thoughts and feelings are bad for health, specific emotional states, especially stress and depression, have now been linked to heart trouble of all kinds. A) When



B) Suppose that



C) As if



D) Whenever



A) in that



B) in which D) which



E) Though



C) by whom



E) whichever



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



2



A KPDS İNG / MAYIS 2008 16. – 20. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



21. – 25. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



However hazy their grasp of astronomy may be, most adults hold several beliefs with some certainty. They believe, for example, that the Earth is round and that it revolves around another, larger round body (the Sun), (16) ---- a smaller round body (the Moon) revolves around it. They also believe (17) ---- certain familiar phenomena, such as the day-night cycle and the seasons, depend on the movements and relative positions of the Earth, Sun, and Moon. But how do adults come to form such beliefs? The facts of astronomy are hardly evident in everyday experience; if anything, the reverse (18) ---- to be true. Children experience an apparently flat earth from which they see the Sun move (19) ---- the sky, and they learn things that seem incompatible with the notion that people could somehow live on the surface of a large ball. Is the development of adult-level understanding, therefore, simply a matter of suppressing childish beliefs and gradually (20) ---- the views of modern adult society?



The Pergamum of Eumenes II is remembered (21) ---- for its library. Said to have held more than 200,000 volumes, the library was a symbol of Pergamum’s social and cultural status. Eumenes was a passionate book collector, and his library came to challenge the world’s greatest one in Alexandria (700,000 books). Afraid that the Pergamum library (22) ---- famous scholars away from Alexandria, the Egyptians cut off the supply of papyrus from the Nile. Never one to refuse a challenge, Eumenes set his scientists to work and they (23) ---- pergamen (Latin for parchment), a writing surface made from animal hides rather than pressed papyrus reeds. (24) ---- the end, however, it was the Egyptians who had the last laugh. (25) ---- the library at Alexandria was damaged by fire, Mark Antony pillaged the one at Pergamum for books to give to his beloved Cleopatra. 21.



16. A) after



B) as if D) while



A) with a view



B) as well as



C) most of all



D) enough



C) where



E) just in case



E) if 22. A) attracted



17. A) in that



B) as D) since



B) would attract



C) those



C) might have attracted



E) that



D) will attract



18.



E) may attract



A) must have been argued 23.



B) could be argued C) will be argued



A) came up with



B) stepped over



D) might have been argued



C) stood against



D) ran over



E) carried on with



E) would have been argued 19. A) along



B) about D) across



24.



C) among



A) Off



E) aboard



B) In D) Through



C) By E) To



20. A) accepting



B) eliminating



C) recovering



D) maintaining



25. A) Even though



E) overloading



B) Until



D) Even if



C) In case E) When Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



3



A KPDS İNG / MAYIS 2008 28. ----, but just over 1 per cent of them spend the night in Umbria, in the south of Tuscany.



26. – 35. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.



A) Visitors to Lake Trasimeno will see few other tourists



26. Although the British Royal Navy claims that it was not operating any warships in the area at the time, ----.



B) Perugia is home to a world-famous jazz festival in the summer and a chocolate festival in the fall



A) underwater noise hasn’t been fully recognized as a form of pollution



C) In the town of Deruta, handmade gift-items fill many shop windows



B) it must have been military sonar that killed the whales and dolphins



D) Tuscany attracts more than 12 per cent of all visitors to Italy



C) there are no hard and fast guidelines for seismic surveys



E) Scenic stone hilltowns such as Assisi and Gubbio are among the main attractions



D) the UK would have had 25 warships which carried active sonar E) a number of marine mammals beached themselves during this American military operation



29. If labour could be measured adequately in simple homogeneous units of time, such as labourhours, ----.



27. Half of the increase in EU Aid for Trade is specifically targeted toward the African, Caribbean and Pacific countries (ACP), ----.



A) it covers many other kinds of areas as well, such as social security and worker satisfaction



A) unless the European Commission set up this programme to promote investment and technology flow in these countries



B) a change in the organization of the community’s labour would be likely to increase the annual production of wealth



B) although the EU has used trade to advance its development cooperation objectives in the ACP nations for decades



C) earlier economists failed to find a simple relation between the value of a product and the quantity of labour that it embodied



C) with which the EU is negotiating regional Economic Partnership Agreements designed to remove all tariff and quota barriers to the EU market



D) different uses of the available supply of labour need to be considered



D) which could have enabled the least-developed countries to use trade more effectively to achieve their development goals



E) the problems of economics would be considerably simplified



E) because the European Commission allocated billions of dollars for cooperation with non-ACP countries



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



4



A KPDS İNG / MAYIS 2008 33. All the major cities and islands of Spain have airports, ----.



30. ----, where they are often seen floating in the water like logs, with only their nostrils, eyes, and ears above the surface.



A) but buses will be a faster and more frequently used option between smaller towns



A) The Mississippi alligator, the American crocodile, and the Chinese alligator are the only other species



B) until Spain has an increasingly efficient transportation system



B) Crocodiles are found near swamps, lakes, and rivers in Asia, Africa, Australia, and Central America



C) even if both the road and rail networks were greatly improved during the 1980s and in the run-up to the Barcelona Olympics in 1992



C) As recently as several decades ago, crocodiles were plentiful in much of the tropics and subtropics



D) so in much of rural Spain, public transportation is limited and a car is the most practical solution for getting around



D) This would have helped crocodiles to adapt to different environments



E) though only a few of them cater to international flights



E) Crocodiles can grow up to 7 metres in length, and have long, powerful tails that propel them when swimming 34. In the US in 1882, Peter J. McGuire, who is generally given credit for the idea of Labor Day, suggested to the Central Labor Union of New York ----.



31. While some argue that the Elgin Marbles, ----, are more carefully preserved there, the Greek government does not accept the legality of the sale that took place in 1816 and believes they belong in Athens.



A) if there was any particular significance for the date B) that there should be a holiday honouring American workers



A) after they were acquired from the Ottoman authorities of the time



C) whether the significance of Labor Day in the US had changed



B) since they are also called the Parthenon Marbles



D) whereas, in many other countries, May Day serves a similar purpose



C) so they are very famous indeed D) which are kept in the British Museum in London



E) when the first Monday in September was to be known as Labor Day



E) as if they were sold to the British nation



35. Germany is similar in many ways to France, Italy and the UK ----.



32. A colour-blind person cannot see any difference between two colours ----.



A) unless it attaches primary importance to both multilateral and bilateral diplomacy



A) while to people with normal sight they are clearly different



B) as though the EU were essentially in control of environmental policies



B) as if red and green were completely different



C) where the foreign policy process in Germany had to agree to a compromise in recent years



C) if this were the case with traffic-lights D) since this is a potentially dangerous situation



D) although this had led to arguments concerning the proper role of the German Foreign Ministry in shaping and implementing policy



E) whether the top light or the bottom light signals “stop”



E) in that it is one of just a few European states which attempt to maintain worldwide representation Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



5



A KPDS İNG / MAYIS 2008 38. In addition to traffic fatalities, alcohol use has been implicated in many other deaths among young people, including drownings, falls, suicides, and homicides.



36. – 40. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz. 36. People spend energy when they are physically active, but they also spend energy when they are resting quietly.



A) Gençler arasında alkol kullanımı, trafik ölümlerinden başka, boğulmalar, düşmeler, intiharlar ve cinayetler gibi diğer ölüm türlerinin de nedeni olmuştur.



A) İnsanlar, bedensel olarak etkin olduklarında enerji harcarlar, ama sakin bir şekilde dinlenirlerken de enerji harcarlar.



B) Gençler arasındaki alkol kullanımı, trafik ölümlerinin yanı sıra, boğulmalar, düşmeler, intiharlar ve cinayetler gibi diğer pek çok çeşit ölüme yol açabilmektedir.



B) İnsanların bedensel olarak etkin olması, onların enerji harcamalarına yol açar; ancak, hiç hareket etmediklerinde de enerji harcarlar.



C) Alkol kullanımı, gençler arasında, trafik ölümlerine ek olarak, boğulmalar, düşmeler, intiharlar ve cinayetler dahil diğer birçok ölümün nedeni olmuştur.



C) Bedensel olarak etkin olduklarında enerji harcayan insanlar, sakin olduklarında da enerji harcarlar.



D) Trafik ölümlerinden ayrı olarak, boğulmalar, düşmeler, intiharlar ve cinayetler, alkol kullanımı nedeniyle gençler arasında yaygın olan diğer ölüm biçimleridir.



D) İnsanlar, bedensel etkinlikte bulunurlarsa enerji harcaması olur, ama hiç hareket etmezlerse de enerji harcaması olur. E) Bedensel etkinlikte bulunan insanlar enerji harcarlar; ancak, bu insanların enerjileri dinlendiklerinde de harcanır.



E) Alkol kullanımı nedeniyle, trafik ölümlerinden ayrı olarak, gençler arasında yaygın olan diğer ölüm biçimleri, boğulmalar, düşmeler, intiharlar ve cinayetlerdir.



39. We are proud to be part of a programme that gives these often overlooked but extremely talented athletes long-overdue recognition.



37. Many people believe that an ulcer is caused by stress or spicy foods, but this is not the case.



A) Son derece yetenekli olsalar da bugüne kadar ihmal edilmiş olan bu atletlere hak ettikleri itibar, katılmaktan bizim de kıvanç duyduğumuz bu programla sağlanmaktadır.



A) Stresin veya baharatlı yiyeceklerin ülsere neden olduğu çoğu insanın kanısıdır, fakat bu hiç de doğru değildir. B) Birçok insan, ülserin oluşmasında stresin veya baharatlı gıdaların etkili olduğuna inansa da, gerçek durum böyle değildir.



B) Bizim de gururla dahil olduğumuz program, bugüne kadar unutulmuş, ancak üstün yeteneklere sahip tüm bu atletlere hak ettikleri itibarı sağlamaktadır.



C) Çok sayıda insanın inancına göre, stres veya baharatlı gıdalar sıklıkla ülsere yol açmaktadır, ancak durum öyle değildir.



C) Biz hepimiz, çoğu kez önemsenmemiş, ancak üstün yetenekleri olan tüm bu atletlere hak ettikleri itibarı sağlayan bir programda yer almaktan son derece kıvançlıyız.



D) Pek çok insan, ülserin, stres veya baharatlı gıdalar nedeniyle oluştuğuna inanır, ancak durum böyle değildir.



D) İçinde yer almaktan son derece kıvanç duyduğumuz bu programla, bugüne kadar önemsenmeyen, ancak yetenekleri en üstün olan bu atletlere hak ettikleri itibar sağlanmaktadır.



E) Ülserin özellikle stresin veya baharatlı yiyeceklerin sonucu olarak ortaya çıktığına birçok insan inanmaktadır, ancak işin gerçeği bu değildir.



E) Biz, çoğu kez önem verilmemiş, ancak son derece yetenekli bu atletlere çoktan hak ettikleri itibarı sağlayan bir programın parçası olmaktan gurur duyuyoruz.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



6



A KPDS İNG / MAYIS 2008 40. The purpose of this training is to accustom the soldiers of the United Nations Peacekeeping Forces to working in a dangerous but largely civilian environment.



41. – 45. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz. 41. 1996’da bir Güney Kore araştırma gemisi, Güney Korelilerin “Dokdo,” Japonların ise “Takeshima” dedikleri bir grup adaya yakın ihtilâflı sulara girerek Japonya’nın öfkesine yol açtı.



A) Bu eğitimle, Birleşmiş Milletler Barış Gücü askerlerinin tehlikeli fakat çoğunlukla sivil bir çevrede çalışma ve görev yapmaları amaçlanmaktadır. B) Birleşmiş Milletler Barış Gücü askerlerini tehlikeli ancak sivil bir çevrede görev yapmaya alıştırmak bu eğitimin asıl amacını oluşturmaktadır.



A) In 1996, a South Korean research vessel aroused Japanese anger by entering disputed waters near a group of islands that the South Koreans call “Dokdo” and the Japanese “Takeshima”.



C) Bu eğitimin amacı, tehlikeli ancak çoğunlukla sivil bir çevrede, Birleşmiş Milletler Barış Gücü askerlerinin görevlerini yerine getirmelerini sağlamaktır.



B) It was in 1996 that, when a South Korean research vessel entered disputed waters around a group of islands called “Dokdo” by the South Koreans and “Takeshima” by the Japanese, the Japanese people got exceedingly angry.



D) Bu eğitimin amacı, Birleşmiş Milletler Barış Gücü askerlerini, tehlikeli fakat çoğunlukla sivil bir çevrede çalışmaya alıştırmaktır.



C) Upon the entry of a South Korean research vessel in 1996 into disputed waters surrounding a group of islands which the South Koreans call “Dokdo” and the Japanese “Takeshima,” a great deal of anger was aroused among the Japanese people.



E) Bu eğitimle amaçlanan, Birleşmiş Milletler Barış Gücü askerlerinin son derece tehlikeli ancak çoğunlukla sivil bir çevrede görev için çalışmalarını sağlamaktır.



D) In 1996, the Japanese people were angered since a South Korean research vessel had entered disputed waters near a group of islands called “Dokdo” by the South Koreans, and “Takeshima” by the Japanese. E) In 1996, disputed waters surrounding a group of islands, which the South Koreans call “Dokdo” and the Japanese “Takeshima,” were entered by a South Korean research vessel, causing much anger in Japan. 42. Göğüs kanseri hakkındaki korkunun bir kısmı, bu hastalığın tehlikelerine ilişkin yanlış bilgiye ve yanlış anlamaya dayanmaktadır. A) There is so much misinformation as well as misunderstanding about the risks of breast cancer that it has led to a great deal of fear about this disease. B) Misinformation and misunderstanding with regard to the risks of breast cancer have caused people to fear this disease. C) The risks of breast cancer are such that misinformation and misunderstanding about this disease have been the cause of much fear. D) Some of the fear about breast cancer is based on misinformation and misunderstanding concerning the risks of this disease. E) Breast cancer involves various risks, but some of the fear about this disease mainly derives from misinformation and misunderstanding concerning it. Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



7



A KPDS İNG / MAYIS 2008 43. Siyasî bir dahi, ancak bir ekonomi amatörü olan Başkan Bill Clinton’ın en kayda değer başarısı, Beyaz Saray’da bulunduğu sekiz yıl boyunca, Amerika’nın ekonomik temeline gerçekten yeni bir güç katılmasıdır.



45. Çoğu oyunda, bize sunulan dünya ne denli gerçek dışı olursa olsun, bizden onu geçici olarak gerçek dünya gibi görmemiz beklenir. A) In a variety of plays, the world presented to us may be unreal, but it is expected that, at least temporarily, we take it for the real world.



A) During the eight years President Bill Clinton was in the White House, the American economic base was remarkably strengthened by the truly new power which, as an economic amateur, but a political genius, he put into it.



B) In most plays, however unreal may be the world presented to us, we are expected to regard it temporarily as the real world. C) The world presented to us in most plays may be unreal, even though we are expected to consider it for some time to be the real world.



B) During his eight years in the White House, President Bill Clinton, who was a political genius but an economic amateur, achieved great success by adding a great deal of new power to the heart of the American economy.



D) In a number of plays, we are presented with an unreal world, which is to be understood by us, at least for a certain period, as the real world.



C) As a political genius, but an economic amateur, President Bill Clinton’s most controversial success was in fact the new power which he injected into the core of the American economy during his eight years in the White House.



E) We are expected temporarily to take for real the unreal world which we see presented in most plays.



D) During the eight years he spent in the White House, President Bill Clinton, a political genius, though an economic amateur, put real new power into America’s economic base. E) The most remarkable achievement of President Bill Clinton, who was a political genius but an economic amateur, was that, during the eight years he was in the White House, truly new power was added to America’s economic base.



46. – 51. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz. 46. An independent city close to Berlin, Potsdam has almost 150,000 inhabitants and is the capital of Brandenburg. ----. The town blossomed in the 1600s, during the era of the Great Elector, and then again in the 18th century, when the splendid summer palace, Schloss Sanssouci, was built for Frederick the Great. Potsdam suffered badly in World War II, particularly on April 14 and 15, 1945, when the Allies bombed the town centre.



44. İklim değişikliği ile ilgili çoğu bilim adamı, kentlerin, çevrelerinden daha sıcak olduğu ve bulut oluşumuna neden olan dikey hava akımları yarattığı görüşündedir. A) Most scientists concerned with climate change are of the opinion that cities are hotter than their surroundings and create updrafts of air causing cloud formation.



A) The Marmorpalais (Marble Palace) is located on the edge of the lake in the Neuer Garten, a park northeast of Potsdam’s centre



B) A number of scientists dealing with climate change maintain that, as cities are much hotter than the surrounding environment, updrafts of air occur over them and lead to cloud formation.



B) Despite its wartime losses, Potsdam is today one of Germany’s most attractive towns



C) As many scientists studying climate change have suggested, since cities are relatively warmer than their surroundings, there are updrafts of air over them which bring about cloud formation.



C) The Schloss Cecilienhof played an important role in history in 1945, when it served as the venue for the Potsdam Conference



D) Many scientists who are experts in climate change are convinced that cloud formation results from updrafts of air over cities, which are usually hotter than their surroundings.



D) The first documented reference to the town dates from A.D. 993; it was later granted municipal rights in 1317 E) Tourists flock to see the magnificent royal estate, Park Sanssouci, and to stroll in the Neuer Garten



E) A lot of scientists who are specialists in climate change have argued that, because cities are far hotter than their surroundings, this causes updrafts of air which lead to cloud formation.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



8



A KPDS İNG / MAYIS 2008 49. With more than 600 species of orchids, Nicaragua is prime territory for one of nature’s most exquisite treasures. The Selva Negra Mountain Resort in the central part of the country boasts at least 140 species in its grounds, with 14 hiking trails that make orchid sightings anything but rare. ----. The best time to visit this particular region is in the dry season, from February to May, when there is little rain and temperatures are cool.



47. ----. For instance, Alpine scenery predominates in the Tatra Mountains to the south, while the north is dominated by lakes. Mountain lovers can make use of the well-developed infrastructure of hostels and shelters, such as those found in the Tatras. The countless lakes of Warmia and Mazuria, collectively known as the Land of a Thousand Lakes, are a haven for water-sports enthusiasts. A) Since 1989, many new luxury hotels have been built in Poland and the majority of them belong to international hotel chains



A) The dodsoniana, one of these newly identified species, was found just 4 years ago



B) Poland’s borders have changed continually with the course of history



B) Five new species have been discovered in recent years in other parts of the country



C) Bordering the Baltic Sea, Poland is one of the largest countries in Central Europe, with a population of around 39 million



C) Selva Negra is situated in a cloud forest – an ecosystem ideal for orchids and other air plants D) If an orchid’s growing conditions are gradually modified to acclimatize it to a new location, the plant can make a healthy transition



D) Warsaw, the capital of Poland, is located at the centre of Poland, on the banks of the Vistula River



E) In fact, the Stanhopea flower looks like a hovering butterfly, and some are very aromatic, with a fragrance of vanilla or hot chocolate



E) Although situated on the plains of Central Europe, Poland has an extremely varied landscape



50. Ballet is theatrical representation in dance form in which music also plays a major part in telling a story or conveying a mood. Some such form of entertainment existed in ancient Greece. ----. From there, it was taken by Caterina de’ Medici in the 16th century to France in the form of a spectacle combining singing, dancing, and speech. During the 18th century, there were major developments in technique, and ballet gradually became divorced from opera, emerging as an art form in its own right.



48. The Scandinavian countries – Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Finland – are, arguably, among the least-populated countries in Europe. ----. Away from the main towns and cities lie vast expanses of unspoiled, often wild terrain, from the breathtaking Norwegian fjords to the dense pine forests and clear lakes of Finland. Smaller and largely flat and rural, Denmark shares characteristics with both mainland Europe and Scandinavia proper. A) In Norway, Sweden, and Finland, the majority of the population lives in the south, in affluent, modern cities, which are also rich in history and tradition



A) Ballet developed in the UK through the influence of Marie Rambert B) But Western ballet as we know it today first appeared in Renaissance Italy, where it was a form of court entertainment



B) Sweden is Europe’s fifth-largest country, with an area about the size of California



C) Ballet developed further in the USA through the work of George Balanchine and the American Ballet Theater



C) Finland’s main cities are all served by an efficient railroad system and regular, inexpensive internal flights



D) In fact, it was drama, rather than ballet, which greatly appealed to the Greeks



D) Norway is so long and narrow that, if Oslo remained fixed and the rest were turned upside down, it would stretch all the way to Rome



E) In the 20th century, Russian ballet had a vital influence on the classical tradition in the West



E) Oslo, Norway’s capital, is an attractive city of grand Neoclassical buildings, wide boulevards, and green open spaces



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



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A KPDS İNG / MAYIS 2008 51. In finance, interest, which is a sum of money paid by a borrower to a lender in return for the loan, is usually expressed as a percentage per annum. ----. In compound interest, the interest earned over a period of time is added to the principal, so that at the end of the next period, interest is paid on that total. A) Nevertheless, certain problems remain in perennial interest, and these fall into two main groups



53. One of your colleagues has to interview candidates for a position in the company she works for. There are a lot of applicants and she is not used to conducting interviews and comes to you for advice on how to gain full insight into each candidate’s character. You say: A) Be a careful listener, and avoid asserting your own opinions and comments. B) Ask open-ended questions that will reflect the candidate’s personality more than a simple “yes” or “no” response would.



B) The theory of capital was not a matter of primary concern to economists in the late 20th century



C) Once the interview has ended, review what has been said by each candidate.



C) Simple interest is calculated as a straight percentage of the amount loaned or invested, called the principal



D) If you are tape-recording the interview, first ask the candidates’ permission and start the proceeding.



D) However, it may be expressed either in money terms or as a rate of payment



E) Maintain a friendly facial expression, adopt positive body language, and be polite.



E) Various theories have been developed to account for and justify interest



52. – 57. sorularda, verilen durumda söylenmiş olabilecek sözü bulunuz. 52. Your roommate has been seriously ill. The doctor says she needs to rest in bed for quite some time. Since she’s normally very active, she’s going to find this very difficult. You know that the doctor is right, and are determined to help your friend carry out his advice. You say: A) The instructions of the doctor are final you know. You’ll just have to make the best of it. I’ll get you some books. B) You have been seriously ill, so you can’t expect to get back to normal quickly.



54. You are being interviewed for a highly confidential job. You are told that, should you be employed, you must on no account discuss the nature of the work even with your closest friends. You want to assure the person who is interviewing you that this would present no difficulty. You say: A) People who talk non-stop about their working lives are extremely boring. B) Actually, I am not interested in other people’s working lives.



C) He’s rather an old-fashioned doctor! You don’t have to spend the whole of each day in bed!



C) I am used to keeping my work and my private life quite separate, so there would be no problem here for me.



D) How did you get so ill? You’re always so careful about what you eat! I can’t understand it.



D) That’s a pity. A little bit of gossip is always nice! People expect to hear about what you’re doing.



E) After a couple of days in bed you’ll be as fit as ever.



E) I’ll do my best to keep quiet, but I can’t promise to do so.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



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A KPDS İNG / MAYIS 2008 55. You are a well-known dramatic critic, and various newspapers have asked you to write about a new play by a young dramatist. The general opinion is that the play is magnificent and that the young dramatist is an extremely promising writer. You feel that, though you liked the play itself, it is too early to reach a final judgement about the writer’s creativity. You say:



57. Your daughter is upset because there is a lot of unpleasantness going on in her class. She says that one girl in particular has been telling lies and trying to manipulate the other girls in the class. You know that this girl’s parents were recently divorced, and you think that this may be the reason for the girl’s behaviour. You want your daughter to understand this, so you say: A) Have you thought about the possibility that this girl is acting this way because she feels insecure after her parents’ divorce?



A) The dialogue is colourful, spirited and credible; but the plot is weak and improbable. B) The play itself is rather disappointing, but the quality of acting in this production is extremely high.



B) How would you feel if your father and I were divorced? Do you think it would change your behaviour at school?



C) This play is better than any of his earlier plays, but that’s not saying much! D) It is clearly a good play. However, it would surely be better to wait a while before attempting any serious criticism of the writer himself.



C) I think you should try to stay away from her for a while until her behaviour improves. D) Why isn’t your teacher involved in trying to sort all of this out? E) What if I call her mother and talk to her? Would that help?



E) As far as I am concerned, this play deals very successfully with the issues of creativity and loneliness.



56. Your friend, who was recently widowed, tells you that he has made plans to get married. You think it is still far too early for your friend to be thinking about re-marriage as he hasn’t yet had time to recover from the loss of his wife. You want to tell him this in a gentle manner so as not to make him angry or hurt his feelings. You say: A) I’m glad you’re moving on with your life. It was time you stopped grieving, anyway. B) What a big decision! But I think you’re doing the right thing. C) You’re making the wrong decision. You should definitely wait at least another year. D) Surely, loneliness is a terrible thing. It is time you made up your mind. E) Are you sure you’re ready to take such a big step? Why not wait a while?



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



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A KPDS İNG / MAYIS 2008 61. (I) Carl Sandburg (1878-1967), born in Galesburg, Illinois, is best known for his poetry. (II) He was, however, also a journalist, an author of children’s books, and a historian. (III) Sandburg’s poetry celebrates the lives of ordinary people. (IV) In “The People, Yes,” he uses the words, style, and rhythms of common speech to celebrate the tall tales of the American people. (V) Indeed, most American poets in the 19th century were concerned with nature and country life.



58. – 63. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. 58. (I) The label homo sapiens was first attached to man by Linnaeus in his classification of the animal kingdom over two hundred years ago. (II) That kingdom is now thought to include over threequarters of a million species. (III) Still, the physiology of the human body parallels, in a host of different ways, that of the animals. (IV) Though very many more species may be discovered, it is not likely that anything will ever shake our conviction that we belong to a very special class. (V) This conviction is quite as strong today as it was in the eighteenth century. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



60. (I) In a rare instance of a vertebrate’s behaviour being revealed by its fossil, a new species of dinosaur was found with its head tucked under a forelimb. (II) It represents the earliest known example of a dinosaur displaying the sleeping posture exhibited by modern-day birds. (III) As a result, though it is not known how the dinosaur died, it probably was killed instantly by a thick deposit of volcanic ash or by volcanic gas followed by a covering of ash and mud. (IV) The “tuck-in” pose would have preserved body heat, suggesting that, like birds, at least some dinosaurs were warmblooded. (V) Delighted palaeontologists named this pigeon-sized dinosaur “Mei long”, meaning “soundly sleeping dragon.” B) II



C) III



D) IV



D) IV



E) V



62. (I) Izmir owes its famously “special” atmosphere to its turbulent history. (II) What you see today has mostly risen from the ashes of Ottoman Izmir and dates from 1922, when a terrible fire swept across the city. (III) Before that, Izmir was known as “Smyrna” and was the most Westernized and cosmopolitan of Turkish cities. (IV) Nevertheless, famous citizens of ancient Smyrna include the poet Homer, the founder of Western literature, who lived before 700 B.C. (V) It was a city where the Muslims, Christians and Jewish communities lived in harmony and got on well with each other. A) I



A) I



C) III



E) V



59. (I) An incoming hurricane might at first seem a powerful photographic subject. (II) But how is a photojournalist to make a decent still image when people are hiding, and when there is only howling wind and spraying water? (III) “That’s why hurricane photography generally documents the aftermath,” says an illustrations editor. (IV) But this image was different enough to catch one’s eye. (V) Uprooted trees and building rubble are mainstays of the genre. A) I



B) II



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



63. (I) We may not know very much about butterflies, but they are certainly very beautiful. (II) For the first time, British scientists have tracked the movements of butterflies. (III) Two types of flight were found in the 30 butterflies monitored. (IV) One was the straight and fast flight used for travel. (V) The other was a slow and looping route to aid foraging. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



E) V



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



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A KPDS İNG / MAYIS 2008 66. Students will usually concentrate harder in the lesson if they know they will be organized into small groups for interactive discussion.



64. – 69. sorularda, verilen cümleye anlamca en yakın olan cümleyi bulunuz. 64. Though management may not realize it, a very large proportion of the success of this company is due to the loyalty and hard work of its workers.



A) Once students get used to being split up for interactive discussion, their ability to concentrate generally improves. B) On the whole, when students know they are going to be split up into small groups for interactive discussion, they will concentrate better.



A) Whether or not management is aware of it, this company owes its success, to a very large extent, to the industry and loyalty of its staff. B) Whatever management may say, the success of this company depends more than anything else on the dedication of those who work here.



C) One way to improve concentration is to split students up into small groups for interactive discussion.



C) Management should be made to recognize that the role of the staff is of first importance in the company’s success.



D) Interactive discussion is a sure way of encouraging students to increase their powers of concentration.



D) As management realizes full well, it is the workers in the factory who make it so successful. E) The workers in this company, with their hard work and devotion, contribute more to the success of the company than management does.



E) The best way to stimulate concentration is to organize these students into small groups for interactive discussion.



65. Many people prefer to eat organic food, that is, food unpolluted by chemical fertilizers and pesticides. A) A growing number of people are interested in organic food, since it is produced free of chemicals and pesticides. B) Organic food is thought to be healthier as no chemical fertilizers or pesticides are used in its production. C) Obviously, organic food is preferable since it is free of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. D) The preference for organic food has led to a reduction in the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. E) Organic food, food produced without the aid of chemical fertilizers or pesticides, has many adherents.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



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A KPDS İNG / MAYIS 2008 th



69. The pictures of the 18 -century painter, Hogarth, seem modern because of their wit and satire.



67. Get your brother to fix the roof; he’s quite the best person to do it. A) Try to persuade your brother to fix the roof: he’s good at such things.



A) Hogarth gives an authentic picture of 18thcentury life which appeals to modern times.



B) As he’s good at things like that, why don’t you get your brother to fix the roof?



B) It is the detail and worldliness of the drawings of Hogarth that give them a modern touch, though they date from the 18th century.



C) Your brother would mend the roof better than any one else; tell him to do it.



C) Though the scenes and the costumes in the drawings are very 18th century, there is still something modern about Hogarth’s drawing.



D) Why don’t you get your brother to fix the roof? I’m sure he would.



D) The appeal of Hogarth lies in the dramatic depiction of everyday life in the 18th century.



E) Since your brother is good at roof-fixing, ask him to do it.



E) There is a contemporary feel for the pictures of 18th-century painter, Hogarth, owing to their humour and satirical content.



68. Take-off was delayed again and again, so we began to wonder if there was something seriously wrong with the aircraft. A) Unless the problem were serious, they wouldn’t have delayed the flight for so long. B) If there had been no problem with the aircraft, they wouldn’t have delayed take-off like that. C) The flight was postponed indefinitely, so we presumed there was engine-trouble. D) We began to feel that there might be a real problem with the aircraft as take-off was continually being delayed. E) We assumed that, since there was a problem with the aircraft, they were obliged to delay takeoff indefinitely.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



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A KPDS İNG / MAYIS 2008 71. Chris : - Did you know that several years ago Luciano Pavarotti released his first solo album of Italian pop songs?



70. – 75. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz.



Robert : - No, I didn’t. I wonder what other tenors thought of this.



70. Ralph : - I’ve learned that there are many details to learn about the maintenance of home aquariums. Dick : - ----



Chris : - ----



Ralph : - At first glance, it’s true. But do you know that even the decorative materials used in aquariums should be placed properly? Otherwise, for example, they may obstruct the filter pipes.



Robert : - In which case, I suppose opera fans are also accepting the situation.



Dick : - Really? I hadn’t thought of that before.



B) It was at least 20 years ago that his record company asked him to make this album.



A) Yes. For example, fish don’t disrupt the cleanliness of the home with messy fur or feathers.



C) As far as I know, it was the song “Caruso” that made him do it.



A) Well, at first they were not in favour of it, but now they are doing the same thing themselves!



D) He asked three well-known singers to join him, but for some reason they said no.



B) Right; routine maintenance only requires a few minutes of your attention daily, supplemented by an hour or so once a week.



E) I don’t know. Presumably, they were annoyed.



C) Oh, are there? I’ve always thought that looking after an aquarium is very easy. D) Anyone knows that keeping an aquarium is expensive. E) In fact, I am as interested as you are in aquariums.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



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A KPDS İNG / MAYIS 2008 72. Lee : - Do you know about the Iron Age hair gel found on the head of a 2,300-year-old body discovered in Ireland? Ron : - Yes. I read that the body was found with its hair gelled unusually high above the head. Also, chemical analysis by scientists shows that the hair gel was made of a vegetable oil mixed with a resin probably imported from France or Spain. Lee : - ----



73. James : - How’s your philosophy course going? Peter : - It’s hard to say. It certainly requires a lot of effort. James : - ---Peter : - No. Quite the opposite. In the main, it consists of learning to look at the old and familiar facts in a new and fresh way.



Ron : - Well, the body has been preserved incredibly well in a peat bog because the bacteria that decompose flesh can’t survive in that oxygenfree environment. Even fingerprints can be seen.



A) Which of the great philosophers are you going to study?



A) I can say that it’s a bit like a Mohican style. Do you know what it is made of?



D) I might take the course next year.



B) But are you enjoying it? C) Well, I hope you’re finding it interesting!



E) Why? Are there a lot of facts to learn?



B) It seems our ancestors were not so primitive that they didn’t like to take care of themselves. C) I think this indicates he was a wealthy member of Irish society; do you agree? D) Oh, that’s interesting. But how do they know so much about the gel and the body? E) These findings must be important. But what can we learn from them?



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



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A KPDS İNG / MAYIS 2008 75. Sue : - Did you know that there are three types of zip and that each is used in a different way?



74. Mary : - What I look for in an airline company is a punctual take-off and a punctual landing. June : - ----



Jane : - ----



Mary : - And why not?



Sue : - For instance, chain zips, largely suitable for luggage, have metal teeth and are, therefore, very strong.



June : - Think about it! Something as common as bad weather can lead to delays. Would you care to take off in a hurricane?



Jane : - I see. I didn’t know that. A) As far as I know, there are chain zips, coil zips and concealed zips. Right?



A) What I look for is flight safety. B) But face it; that’s not always possible.



B) What about coil zips? I’ve read something about them; they are lighter and synthetic.



C) For long flights they now provide beds in business class. D) However hard they try to please the passengers, I get bored! E) You are hard to please, aren’t you?



C) Really? Can you give me an example and say where it can be used? D) Well, some are ideal for fine fabrics and others are for stronger ones. E) Does that mean that some of them break easily?



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



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A KPDS İNG / MAYIS 2008 77. As we understand from the passage, an underlying belief behind the Tibetan prayer-wheel is that ----.



76. – 80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. In many primitive communities there is a taboo on mentioning a man’s name except in certain special circumstances, because his name is believed to contain within it something of himself, which would be lost and wasted if his name were uttered without first taking special precautions. This belief about words is widespread. Among the more primitive and the uneducated, it is universal. A remarkably matter-offact practical application of it occurs even in the present day in the Tibetan prayer-wheel. If, thinks the Tibetan peasant, a prayer uttered once does some good, then the same prayer uttered many times will do more good. Therefore, since he assumes that the efficacy lies in the prayer as an entity in itself, he writes it round the rim of a wheel, and then frugally employs the water of a mountain stream to turn it all day long, instead of wastefully employing his own lungs and lips to say it again and again.



A) for a prayer to be answered, it must be repeated many times B) man can achieve nothing without the help of stronger powers C) man is powerless against the forces of evil D) human effort can achieve almost anything E) the forces of nature must never be opposed



78. The author uses the example of the Tibetan prayer-wheel to ----.



76. In this passage, the author points out that ----. A) most societies in the world today are still very primitive



A) show that all religions are fundamentally alike



B) in primitive societies, words are often felt to embody the idea they express



B) demonstrate how unrealistic primitive peoples are



C) the unsophisticated are no less intelligent than the sophisticated



C) illustrate just how powerful words are felt to be in primitive societies



D) Tibetan peasants should not be regarded as primitive



D) show how inventive primitive peoples are E) show how unique the natives of Tibet are



E) the Tibetan peasant does not really believe that the prayer-wheel can do any good



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



18



A KPDS İNG / MAYIS 2008 80. We can conclude from the passage that the Tibetan peasant ----.



79. It is clear from the passage that, among primitive societies, it is generally believed that a man’s name ----.



A) is not tolerant of the religious beliefs of others



A) should be constantly repeated B) has a wholesome effect upon his life



B) bears no resemblance to other primitive peasants



C) will bring calamity to those who use it



C) never calls any member of his family by name



D) should only be spoken under appropriate circumstances



D) is not deeply religious and does not treat his religion seriously



E) is of little importance as it is so rarely used



E) – though primitive – has a very practical attitude towards life



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



19



A KPDS İNG / MAYIS 2008 82. It is clear from the passage that, once Edison had invented the electric lamp, ----.



81. – 85. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) he lost interest in carrying out experiments Thomas Edison began conducting experiments during his childhood. To start with, there were hundreds of unsuccessful experiments but Edison eventually invented and patented 2,500 items, including the electric lamp and phonograph. He was determined to “give laughter and light” to people, but, until he actually managed to do so, most people ridiculed him. Without losing hope, Edison attempted over 1,000 unsuccessful experiments in his efforts to make an electric lamp. When people told him he was wasting his time, energy, and money for nothing, Edison exclaimed, “For nothing! Every time I make an experiment, I get new results. Failures are stepping stones to success.” Determined to give people electric lamps, Edison said he’d meet his goal by early 1880. In October, 1879, he created his first electric lamp, and in so doing, received much praise. People realized that Edison’s invention was not affected by rain or wind, remaining constant through bad weather. Just as he had hoped, Edison provided people with light and laughter.



B) he admitted that at one point he had very nearly given up the project C) he wasn’t at all interested in what people felt about it D) people were particularly impressed by the fact that wind and rain had no damaging effect on it E) he felt discouraged because he had failed to meet the goal he had set himself for the completion of his invention



83. As we understand from the passage, with the phrase, “Failures are stepping stones to success”, Edison meant that ----.



81. As we understand from the passage, Edison conducted many unsuccessful experimental trials, ----.



A) one should forget one’s failures as soon as possible



A) most of which were very expensive and got him into financial difficulties



B) one cannot be successful every time



B) but the list of his patental inventions is a long one



C) success and failure are both a matter of chance



C) most of which were related to the phonograph



D) there are two kinds of failure: those that lead to success and those that don’t



D) but the people who knew him encouraged him to keep on trying



E) the knowledge and experience that one gains from failure contributes to success



E) and on many occasions he felt his experiments were pointless



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



20



A KPDS İNG / MAYIS 2008 85. It is clear from the passage that, when Edison was working on the electric lamp, ----.



84. According to the passage, when Edison was working on an invention, he ----.



A) he worked slowly because he was disheartened



A) was keen to pass on to others the knowledge he was accumulating



B) he knew for certain that he would attain success very quickly



B) was very secretive about what he was doing



C) no one felt that an electric lamp was in any way desirable



C) was not discouraged by the possibility of failure D) avoided friends and detractors alike



D) he was hindered by rain and bad weather in general



E) felt embarrassed by periods of no progress



E) people didn’t believe that it was possible at all



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



21



A KPDS İNG / MAYIS 2008 87. According to the writer, the present-day unsatisfactory and ineffectual state of education ----.



86. – 90. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Questions of education are frequently discussed as if they bore no relation to the social system in which and for which the education is carried on. This is one of the most common reasons for the unsatisfactoriness of the answers. It is only within a particular social system that a system of education has any meaning. If education today seems to deteriorate, if it seems to become more and more chaotic and meaningless, it is primarily because we have no settled and satisfactory arrangement of society, and because we have both vague and diverse opinions about the kind of society we want. Education is a subject which cannot be discussed in a void: our questions raise other questions, social, economic, financial, and political. And the bearings are on more ultimate problems even than these: to know what we want in education, we must know what we want in general, we must derive our theory of education from our philosophy of life.



86. The main point made in the passage is that education, ----.



A) can be regarded as a passing phase, and no action need be taken B) is a result of the disordered state of society and the fact that society does not know what it wants C) offers no real cause for concern D) has provoked a great deal of useful discussion about how it relates to the social system E) is receiving a great deal of much-needed attention



88. The point is made in the passage that each and every system of education ----.



A) should be isolated from financial issues



A) needs to be tailor-made to fit the specific social system for which it is designed



B) is becoming more and more meaningless



B) will inevitably have shortcomings or faults



C) will improve when the political and economic situation improves



C) should be constantly updated



D) must be related to the social and political background in which it occurs



D) should be designed on the basis of educational theory, not on the opinions of society at large



E) will naturally evolve in accordance with the process of history



E) has a great deal in common with every other system of education



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



22



A KPDS İNG / MAYIS 2008 90. The attitude of the author towards education is ----.



89. In this passage, the author aims to make us think about not only what we want from education, but also about ----.



A) negative and disinterested



A) how harmful is the effect it is having on society



B) angry and pessimistic



B) how far we are prepared to support it



C) critical and constructive



C) to what extent we have ourselves benefited from it



D) encouraging and hopeful



D) whether it really is deteriorating at a great speed



E) scornful and destructive



E) what we want from life



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



23



A KPDS İNG / MAYIS 2008 92. The writer prefers to define journalism ----.



91. – 95. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) through a close study of violently contrasting examples



The distinction between “journalism” and “literature” is quite futile, unless we are drawing such a violent contrast as that between Gibbon’s History and today’s paper; and such a contrast itself is too violent to have meaning. You cannot, that is, draw any useful distinction between journalism and literature merely on a scale of literary values, as a difference between the well-written and the supremely wellwritten: a second-rate novel is not journalism, but it certainly is not literature. The term “journalism” has deteriorated, so let us try to recall it to its more permanent sense. To my thinking, the most accurate as well as most comprehensive definition of the term is to be obtained through considering the type of mind, concerned with writing what all would concede to be the best journalism. There’s a type of mind, and I have a very close sympathy with it, which can only turn to writing, or only produce its best writing, under the pressure of an immediate occasion; and it is this type of mind which I propose to treat as the journalist’s. The underlying causes may differ: the cause may be an ardent preoccupation with affairs of the day, or it may be (as with myself) laziness requiring an immediate stimulus, or a habit formed by early necessity of earning small sums quickly. It is not so much that the journalist works on different material from that of other writers, as that he works from a different, no less and often more honourable, motive.



91. In this passage, the writer asserts that ----.



B) while disregarding literary qualities C) by looking at the type of mind that produces good journalism D) after first drawing up a scale of literary values E) in a way that will help journalism to recover the respect it formerly enjoyed



93. It is clear from the passage that the writer ----.



A) literature is far more valuable than journalism



A) regards journalism as second-rate literature



B) the difference between literature and journalism bears little relation to literary qualities



B) is very critical of the motives of the journalist



C) he has all the qualities of a journalist



C) thinks one can best come to an understanding of journalism by contrasting it with literature



D) the best stimulus for a journalist is the need for money



D) is far more interested in literature than in journalism



E) one must be ardently concerned with the events of each day if one wants to be a journalist



E) feels great respect for good journalism



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



24



A KPDS İNG / MAYIS 2008 95. According to the passage, what characterizes the work of the journalist is ----.



94. The point is made in the passage that the journalist does his best writing when ----.



A) not the thing he writes about but why he writes about it



A) events in his own life have stimulated him B) there is no pressure upon him



B) the non-literary style of the writing



C) he is closely involved in the affairs of the time



C) the every-day nature of the material he chooses



D) under an obligation to do so



D) the desire to stimulate people to action



E) he can choose his own material



E) his obsession for accuracy



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



25



A KPDS İNG / MAYIS 2008 97. With the sentence, “Honest debate can start at Number Two”, the writer is really saying ----.



96. – 100. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) one cannot expect popular opinion to judge fairly Leonardo da Vinci is a member of a very small class of “transformative geniuses,” not ordinary or common geniuses, who have contributed abundantly to their fields, but rather the ones who have created or defined entire fields. In literature, no one asks, “Who was the greatest writer?” Honest debate can start at Number Two. Shakespeare, the consensus choice as greatest writer, is a member of this class of transformative geniuses. Similarly, Isaac Newton is recognized as the greatest among scientists and mathematicians; Ludwig van Beethoven, and possibly Bach and Mozart, are the transformative geniuses among composers. The most recent transformative genius the world has seen may have been Albert Einstein, a scientist like Newton – and Time Magazine’s “Man of the Century” for the 20th century. In ranking artists, one can start the debate at Number Three – a rank for which Raphael and Rembrandt are candidates, or perhaps one of the great French Impressionists, or the 20th century’s most famous artist, Picasso. The ranks of Number One and Number Two, however, are reserved for Leonardo and Michelangelo, taken in either order. These two are far above all other artists. Michelangelo lived a very long lifetime of eighty-nine years, and was productive to the end. Leonardo, on the other hand, lived sixty-seven years, and left behind just a dozen paintings. And only a half of these are incontrovertibly one hundred per cent by him. In contrast, Rembrandt painted hundreds of paintings, 57 of himself alone; van Gogh created nine hundred paintings in a period of nine years. So how can we put Leonardo at the very pinnacle? The answer is really quite simple: his dozen or so paintings include the Number One and the Number Two most famous paintings in the history of art – The Last Supper and Mona Lisa.



B) people don’t always give their honest opinions C) Shakespeare doesn’t deserve his position at the head of the list D) the relative merits of writers are very controversial E) there can be no doubt about Number 1; that’s definitely Shakespeare’s place



98. According to the passage, when it comes to ranking artists, ----.



96. The passage is about “transformative geniuses” ----. A) as they have affected the world of literature and science



A) van Gogh comes very high on the list as a result of the great number of his paintings



B) but the author feels that the way the public opinion ranks them is faulty



B) at least six artists have a claim to top place C) it is either Leonardo or Michelangelo who is Number One



C) and the massive changes they have brought to the world



D) the third place definitely goes to Raphael



D) and instances of them are given in several fields



E) 20th-century ones come low on the list



E) and the times in which they lived and produced



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



26



A KPDS İNG / MAYIS 2008 99. We learn from the passage that, although Leonardo left the world only a dozen or so paintings, ----.



100. It is clear from the passage that Michelangelo ----. A) richly deserves his Number One position as the best of the artists



A) these include the world’s two best-known paintings



B) was a far more productive artist than Leonardo



B) they are all of remarkably high quality



C) had a profound influence upon the next generation of painters



C) he actually painted a great many more



D) was jealous of the fame of Leonardo and strove to excel him



D) he knew they would keep his name alive to the end of civilization



E) has only been recognized as a great artist in recent times



E) they rightly earned him the undisputed position of the world’s Number One artist



TEST BİTTİ. CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



27



KAMU PERSONELİ YABANCI DİL BİLGİSİ SEVİYE TESPİT SINAVI (KPDS) 4 MAYIS 2008



İNGİLİZCE A KİTAPÇIĞI 1. E



26. B



51. C



76. B



2. B



27. C



52. A



77. A



3. D



28. D



53. B



78. C



4. E



29. E



54. C



79. D



5. A



30. B



55. D



80. E



6. C



31. D



56. E



81. B



7. D



32. A



57. A



82. D



8. E



33. E



58. C



83. E



9. A



34. B



59. D



84. C



10. B



35. E



60. C



85. E



11. E



36. A



61. E



86. D



12. C



37. D



62. D



87. B



13. E



38. C



63. A



88. A



14. A



39. E



64. A



89. E



15. B



40. D



65. E



90. C



16. D



41. A



66. B



91. B



17. E



42. D



67. C



92. C



18. B



43. E



68. D



93. E



19. D



44. A



69. E



94. D



20. A



45. B



70. C



95. A



21. C



46. D



71. A



96. D



22. B



47. E



72. D



97. E



23. A



48. A



73. E



98. C



24. B



49. C



74. B



99. A



25. E



50. B



75. C



100. B



A KPDS İNG / KASIM 2008 5. Dublin is a fairly easy city to ---- because of its frequent and efficient bus and underground services.



1. – 15. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



A) get around 1. Good leadership is about tackling big challenges, and the first and most important step in this process is recognizing which ---- should take precedence over the others. A) obsessions



B) debates



C) emissions



D) candidates



B) make over



D) get on



C) set up



E) go with



6. The price of crude oil ---- by 40% this year due to the continuing risk of disruption in the Middle East, which ---- for one-third of global production.



E) issues



A) surges / accounted B) had surged / has accounted C) has surged / accounts



2. By the 14th century, the Holy Roman Empire was little more than a ---- federation of the German princes who elected the Holy Roman emperor. A) negotiable



B) current



C) prescriptive



D) loose



D) surged / had accounted E) will surge / could have accounted



E) recurrent



7. At the end of 1998, Estonia ---- the strict citizenship requirements that ---- the country’s Russian minority from gaining citizenship. A) relaxes / kept



3. Roman numerals are expressed by letters of the alphabet and are ---- used today except for formality or variety. A) courteously



B) arguably



C) consecutively



D) equivalently



B) had relaxed / have kept C) has relaxed / were keeping D) relaxed / had kept E) will relax / are keeping



E) rarely



8. An ideal anticancer drug ---- cancer cells without harming normal cells, but no such drug ----. 4. The Gulf, the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea are increasingly seen as potential trouble zones that could ---- energy supplies from the Middle East to Asia. A) increase



B) disrupt



D) involve



A) would destroy / exists B) destroyed / existed C) may have destroyed / has existed



C) consume



D) has destroyed / had existed



E) expand



E) had destroyed / would exist



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



1



A KPDS İNG / KASIM 2008 13. Algeria is particularly keen to increase its gas exports ---- OPEC production quotas restrict its oil exports.



9. Despite the official ban ---- demonstrations, 2008 has seen Egyptians take to the streets ---massive numbers on several occasions. A) about / by



B) for / with



C) over / at



D) of / through



A) since



B) so that D) that



C) as if



E) whereas



E) on / in



10. According to the generally accepted platetectonics theory, scientists believe that Earth’s surface is broken ---- a number of shifting plates, which average ---- 50 miles in thickness. A) up / above



B) at / for



C) down / beyond



D) into / about



14. In the early twentieth century, the motor car was one of the first major consumer products to be ---- mass produced ---- mass marketed.



E) of / below



A) such / as



B) more / than



D) as / as



C) so / as



E) both / and



11. The island groups in the Pacific are often called “Oceania,” ---- this name does not imply that they are the remains of a continent. A) whether



B) but



D) whereby



C) just as E) so that



15. The body’s immune system attacks and eliminates ---- bacteria and other foreign substances ---- cancer cells.



12. ---- most people who commit suicide are depressed, having depression correctly diagnosed and treated is the most important step towards preventing suicide. A) As long as



B) Although



D) Even if



A) not only / but also



B) rather / than



C) such / that



D) as well as / and E) just as / as



C) Because



E) Unless



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



2



A KPDS İNG / KASIM 2008 16. – 20. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



21. – 25. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



Nearly fifteen years after South Africa’s democratic overthrow of apartheid, the country is facing growing (16) ---- over the rise of “economic apartheid” and the way it (17) ---- millions of South Africans in the same, if not a worsening economic position than they endured prior to 1994. (18) ---- South African government statistics, the average black household has become 15% poorer over the last fourteen years, while an average white household has seen its wealth grow (19) ---- some 19%. There has been a 20% decrease in the income of the poorest 50% of South Africans, and black South Africans have lost (20) ---- two million jobs over the same period.



The gondola has been a part of Venice since the 11th century. (21) ---- its slim shape and flat underside, the boat is perfectly adapted to manoeuvring in Venice’s narrow, shallow canals. The front of the boat has a (22) ---- leftward curve to prevent it from going around in circles, as the gondolier, or operator of the boat, uses the oar only on the right side. In 1562, it (23) ---- that all gondolas should be black to stop people from making an (24) ---- show of their wealth. Today, gondola rides are expensive, and are (25) ---taken only by tourists.



21. A) About



16. A) interest



B) demand



C) encouragement



D) criticism



B) With D) From



C) Through E) Along



22.



E) threat



A) slight



B) habitual D) cheerful



17. A) is leaving



B) had left



C) would have left



D) left



C) relevant



E) favourable



23. A) has been decided



E) was leaving



B) decided



18. A) Because of



B) According to



C) was decided



C) Instead of



D) In addition to



D) would have decided E) had decided



E) Contrary to



24.



19. A) through



B) for D) with



C) in E) by



A) ostentatious



B) affluent



C) adjacent



D) omnipresent E) inescapable



20. A) yet



B) mostly D) nearly



25.



C) hardly



A) possibly



E) also



B) obviously



D) usually



C) seldom



E) definitely



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



3



A KPDS İNG / KASIM 2008 28. During the Cold War, even as they prepared to destroy one another, ----.



26. – 35. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.



A) the West has always sought opportunities to make peace with the Soviet Union



26. If Iran were to go nuclear, ----.



B) the United States and the Soviet Union had been involved in a constructive dialogue



A) Russia and China did their best to stop it B) the United States may have taken preventive action



C) Britain has imported enormous quantities of timber from the Soviet Union



C) other countries in the region would follow suit



D) the West and the Soviet Union struck deals and traded in energy



D) the UN Security Council sanctions need to be enacted without delay



E) the Soviet Union contributes a great deal to China’s economic development



E) it can fire hundreds of missiles at Israel



29. ---- because they were continually forced to defend their own conquests against other invaders.



27. ---- after strong winds and a heatwave started dozens of forest fires. A) Many villages in the area will be evacuated B) No precautions had been taken



A) The Romans did not usually impose heavy tax burdens on the cities they conquered



C) The government would have set up a special team of fire fighters



B) The geography of the Italian peninsula had a decisive influence on Rome’s development



D) Many fire fighting teams will have been called in



C) The Romans were descended from various IndoEuropean peoples that had crossed the Alps into Italy during the second millennium B.C.



E) Last summer, Athens was engulfed in thick smoke



D) The Romans were a sternly military society almost from the moment they settled on Italian soil E) The Romans looked to their gods to bestow upon their households and their city the blessings of prosperity, victory, and fertility



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



4



A KPDS İNG / KASIM 2008 32. ----, it does not necessarily produce peace, equality, or homogeneity.



30. ---- that they influenced cultures across the Mediterranean. A) Phoenician textiles commanded a high price everywhere their merchants went



A) If a key feature of globalization has been the transformation of the world economy



B) The Phoenicians may have played an important role in introducing urban life into the Greek world



B) Just as globalization has radically altered patterns of trade around the world



C) Phoenician cities oriented themselves towards the sea



C) Whenever globalization has forced the reorganization of economic enterprises



D) The Phoenicians became famous as merchants and seafarers



D) Since globalization suggests a uniform process, one that operates similarly everywhere



E) The widespread colonial and mercantile efforts of the Phoenicians meant



E) Although globalization means worldwide economic integration



33. Everyone knows ----.



31. Economic as well as social problems plagued Europe during the 1970s and 1980s ----.



A) that the politics of oil is crucial to life in the Middle East



A) but these problems had actually begun much earlier B) because new industries continued to prosper



B) whether to the Arabs oil means the vast petroleum reserves lying under the desert sands



C) in case the West German growth rate would slow down



C) if in the Middle East oil is a precious source of wealth and all too often a cause for war



D) whereas seven hundred thousand French workers had been laid off



D) since non-OPEC oil producers currently account for 58% of total production



E) unless demand for manufactured goods fell sharply



E) as Iraqi crude oil exports in 2007 were more than 5% lower than in 2006



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



5



A KPDS İNG / KASIM 2008 34. According to a report released by the US Secret Service, the Middle East is one of the world’s hotspots ----.



36. – 40. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz.



A) as there are other conspiracy theories emanating from the region



36. In 1979, when its alliance with Great Britain ended, Malta sought to guarantee its neutrality through agreements with other countries.



B) whether Iran and Syria are actively engaged in economic warfare against the US



A) Malta, İngiltere ile ittifakının sona erdiği 1979’da, başka ülkelerle antlaşmalar yaparak tarafsızlığını güvence altına almaya çalışmıştır.



C) when it comes to counterfeit US currency D) while the Iranian government dismisses charges of collaboration with counterfeiters



B) Malta, 1979’da İngiltere ile ittifakına son vererek, tarafsızlığını güvence altına almak için birçok ülke ile antlaşmalar yapmıştır.



E) although there is a conspiracy to undermine the US economy through counterfeit currency



C) Tarafsızlığını güvence altına almak amacıyla çeşitli ülkelerle antlaşmalar yapan Malta, İngiltere ile olan ittifakına 1979’da son verdi. D) İngiltere ile olan ittifakı 1979’da sona eren Malta, başka ülkelerle antlaşmalar yapmış ve tarafsızlığını güvence altına almıştır. E) Çeşitli ülkelerle antlaşmalar yaparak tarafsızlığını güvence altına alan Malta, İngiltere ile olan ittifakını 1979’da bitirmiştir.



35. Few figures in Western history have held the attention of the world ----. A) so long as Napoleon pursued serious interests in history, law, and mathematics B) as Napoleon did during the fifteen years of his rule in France C) because Napoleon’s character seemed suited to the age in which he lived D) since Napoleon’s particular strength as a leader lay in his capacity for inspiring others E) just as Napoleon believed that he was destined to be the saviour of France



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



6



A KPDS İNG / KASIM 2008 39. Albania remained under Turkish rule for more than four hundred years until it proclaimed its independence on 28 November 1912.



37. In February 1994, the US lifted its trade embargo on Vietnam, which had been in place since it entered the war. A) ABD, savaşa girdiğinden beri Vietnam üzerinde uyguladığı ticaret ablukasını ancak Şubat 1994’ te kaldırabilmiştir.



A) Arnavutluk, dört yüz yıl Türk yönetiminde kaldıktan sonra, 28 Kasım 1912’de bağımsızlığına kavuşmuştur.



B) ABD’nin Şubat 1994’te Vietnam üzerinden kaldırdığı ticaret ablukası, savaşa girdiği yıldan beri uygulanmaktaydı.



B) Dört yüz yıldan daha fazla Türk yönetiminde kalmış olan Arnavutluk, bağımsızlığını 28 Kasım 1912’de elde etmiştir.



C) 1994 Şubat’ında Vietnam üzerinden kaldırılan ticaret ablukasını, ABD, savaşa girdikten sonra uygulamaya başlamıştı.



C) Bağımsızlığına 28 Kasım 1912’de kavuşan Arnavutluk, dört yüz yılı aşkın bir süre Türk yönetiminde kalmıştır.



D) ABD, Şubat 1994’te, savaşa girdiğinden beri Vietnam üzerinde uygulamış olduğu ticaret ablukasını kaldırmıştır.



D) Arnavutluk, her ne kadar bağımsızlığını 28 Kasım 1912’de elde etmişse de, dört yüz yıldan fazla bir süre Türk yönetiminde kalmıştır.



E) Şubat 1994’te Vietnam üzerinden kaldırılan ticaret ablukası, ABD’nin savaşa girmesinden beri uygulanıyordu.



E) Arnavutluk, 28 Kasım 1912’de bağımsızlığını ilân edinceye kadar, dört yüz yıldan fazla Türk yönetiminde kalmıştır.



38. In Egypt, a number of oil deposits have been discovered in recent years, but it is unlikely that oil will play a major role in the country’s economy in the near future. A) Son yıllarda Mısır’da birçok petrol yatakları keşfedilmiştir, ancak petrolün, yakın gelecekte ülke ekonomisinde önemli bir rol oynaması muhtemel değildir. B) Mısır’da son yıllarda birtakım petrol havzaları bulunmuş olsa da petrolün, ülke ekonomisinde yakın gelecekte oynayacağı rol çok önemli olmayacaktır. C) Son yıllarda Mısır’da, ülke ekonomisinde yakın gelecekte önemli rol oynaması muhtemel olan pek çok petrol havzası keşfedilmiştir. D) Son yıllarda Mısır’da keşfedilen petrol yataklarının, ülke ekonomisinde yakın gelecekte önemli bir rol oynaması ihtimal dışındadır. E) Mısır’da, ülke ekonomisinde yakın gelecekte önemli bir rol oynaması muhtemel olmayan petrol yatakları son yıllarda ortaya çıkarılmıştır.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



7



A KPDS İNG / KASIM 2008 40. The lungs are particularly prone to allergic reactions because they are exposed to large quantities of airborne antigens, including dusts, pollens, and chemicals.



41. – 45. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz. 41. Sürücüsüz metroları, kişi başına düşen 25.200 dolarlık millî geliri ve tıkır tıkır işleyen ticaret merkezleri ile Singapur, Asya’nın en Batılılaşmış şehirleri arasındadır.



A) Akciğerler, toz, polen ve kimyasallar dahil havadan gelen çeşitli antijenlere fazlasıyla açık oldukları için alerjik reaksiyonlardan çok etkilenirler. B) Toz, polen ve kimyasallar gibi hava ile gelen pek çok antijene açık olan akciğerler, alerjik reaksiyonlara oldukça yatkındırlar.



A) With its driverless subways, $25,200 per capita income and smoothly running business centres, Singapore is among the most westernized cities in Asia.



C) Alerjik reaksiyonlara fazlasıyla yatkın olan akciğerler, hava ile taşınan toz, polen ve kimyasalların da arasında bulunduğu çok sayıda antijene açıktırlar.



B) One of the most westernized cities in Asia is Singapore, for it has driverless subways, $25,200 per capita income and smoothly running business centres.



D) Akciğerler alerjik reaksiyonlara özellikle yatkındır, çünkü toz, polen ve kimyasallar dahil hava ile taşınan büyük miktardaki antijenlere açıktırlar.



C) It is because of the driverless subways, $25,200 per capita income and smoothly running business centres that Singapore is one of the most westernized cities in Asia.



E) Toz, polen ve kimyasallar gibi hava ile taşınan pek çok antijen, daima bunlara açık olan akciğerlerde alerjik reaksiyonlara yol açar.



D) Singapore remains the most westernized city in Asia with driverless subways, $25,200 per capita income and smoothly running business centres. E) The reason why Singapore is regarded as one of the most westernized cities in Asia is that it has driverless subways, $25,200 per capita income and smoothly running business centres.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



8



A KPDS İNG / KASIM 2008 43. İster kendinden emin büyük çocuk, ister çok yönlü ortanca çocuk olun, aile içindeki konumunuz iş seçiminizden evliliğinizin ne kadar başarılı olduğuna kadar her şeyi etkileyebilir.



42. Çevredeki değişikliklerin, beyinlerimizde zamanın öznel biçimde algılanmasına nasıl yol açtığı sorusu, ruhbilimcileri ve beyin araştırmacılarını düşündürmeye devam etmektedir. A) Psychologists and brain researchers have recently started to wonder how changes in the environment cause the brain to experience time subjectively.



A) Everything, from your choice of career to the success of your marriage, is determined by whether you were born as a confident first child or as a resourceful younger child.



B) The question of how changes in the environment give rise to the subjective experience of time in our brains continues to preoccupy psychologists and brain researchers.



B) No matter what your position in the family may be, your choice of career and the success of your marriage depend highly on whether you have been a confident elder child or a resourceful middle child.



C) How changes in the environment can lead to the subjective experience of time in our brains is a matter of discussion among psychologists and brain researchers.



C) Whether you are a confident first-born or a resourceful middle child, your position in the family can affect everything from your choice of career to how successful your marriage is.



D) The subjective time experience of our brains resulting from environmental changes has long been a controversial issue among psychologists and brain researchers.



D) It seriously matters, both as regards your career and the success of your marriage, whether you were born the confident elder child or the resourceful middle child of the family.



E) The reasons behind the subjective perception of time by the brain have not yet been explained by psychologists or brain researchers.



E) Even if you are a confident first child rather than a resourceful middle child, everything from your choice of career to how successful your marriage is will be affected by your position in the family.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



9



A KPDS İNG / KASIM 2008 44. Eğer Rusya ve Amerika’nın yoğun nükleer silahlarını ortadan kaldırmak için daha fazla bir şey yapılmazsa, Kuzey Kutup bölgesi yeniden bir nükleer cephe haline gelebilir. A) Unless further steps are taken to dismantle their extensive nuclear arms, the Arctic may become a nuclear front again for Russia and the US. B) If nothing further is done to dismantle the extensive Russian and US nuclear arms, the Arctic could once again become a nuclear front. C) In order for the Arctic to become a nuclear front again, something must be done to reduce the vast amount of nuclear weapons of Russia and the US. D) Whether or not the Arctic is to become a nuclear front again, Russia and the US must reduce their nuclear arms. E) Should Russian and US plans for turning the Arctic once more into a nuclear front be put into effect, both countries will have to reduce the amount of nuclear power.



46. – 51. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz. 46. Logistics as a business concept began to gain ground in the 1950s, particularly in the US. This was because, as businesses expanded and reached out both to far-flung markets and sources of materials, the need for expert logisticians became imperative. Logisticians applied their own ingenuity to create companies that aimed to deliver the right item in the right quantity at the right time in the right place for the right price. ----. Indeed, with increasing globalization and ever longer and more complex supply chains, logistics companies have become ever more sophisticated and adaptable. A) The US has led the way in the development of efficient logistical systems B) No region in the world requires efficient logistics more urgently than Africa does C) Logistics is considered one of the most important aspects of military campaigns D) The problems of the logistics industry have not been clearly identified yet E) These aims have not changed, but the world has



45. Gladyatör dövüşleri ilk kez Roma’da, M.Ö. 264 yılında, Junius Brutus’un oğulları tarafından babalarının anısına düzenlenmiştir. A) Gladiator fights were first organized in Rome in the year 264 B.C. by the sons of Junius Brutus in memory of their father. B) The gladiator fights, which were held in Rome in 264 B.C. for the first time, were organized by the sons of Junius Brutus as they wanted to commemorate their father. C) The sons of Junius Brutus, who organized gladiator fights in Rome in the year 264 B.C. for the first time, did so in memory of their father. D) Gladiator fights date back to 264 B.C., when the sons of Junius Brutus first organized a ritual of sacrifice in Rome in memory of their father. E) The origin of gladiator fights goes back to 264 B.C., when the sons of Junius Brutus wished to honour the memory of their father in this way in Rome.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



10



A KPDS İNG / KASIM 2008 47. The year 1960 seemed golden and full of promise. Despite nearly constant international tension, everyday life in Europe and North America seemed to be improving. Economies recovered, many standards of living rose, and new forms of culture flourished. The economic horizon looked bright. ----. Western Europeans could no longer be so certain of their prosperity or of their leaders’ ability to provide the sort of life they took for granted. A) Legal changes would not have occurred without women’s movements of the time



48. St. Petersburg is not just a city of names and movements. It is also a city of bridges, with more of them than any other city in the whole world. With its 101 islands, it is also worthy of the title “city of islands.” Not only that, but it has enough canals to compete with Venice, Amsterdam, and Stockholm. ----. As Dostoevsky’s hero puts it, “It is the most abstract and fantastic city on earth.” A) But most of all St. Petersburg is a city of culture, of literature and poetry in particular B) There are a total of 539 bridges, including 315 in the city centre



B) These changes marked a new culture of mass consumption boosted by marketing, advertising, and credit payment



C) The sports facilities and activities in it cannot go unnoticed



C) However, by 1990, most of the familiar landscape had been dramatically transformed



D) The people of St. Petersburg are offered various educational opportunities



D) The civil rights movement in the US had enormous significance for the twentieth century



E) A considerable number of painters and sculptors have lived there, too



E) The most serious outbreak of student unrest in Europe came in Paris in the spring of 1968



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



11



A KPDS İNG / KASIM 2008 49. Despite numerous intellectual and literary advances, the longest-lived achievements of the Italian Renaissance were made in the realm of art. Of all the arts, painting was undoubtedly supreme. Although Giotto was the great artistic genius around 1300, it was not until the fifteenth century that Italian painting began to come fully of age. ----. Fifteenth-century artists also experimented with effects of light and shade and, for the first time, carefully studied the anatomy and proportions of the human body. A) From about 1450 until about 1600 Italian thought was dominated by a school of Neo-Platonists, who sought to blend Platonism with Christianity



50. World War II left Europe a land of wreckage and confusion. Millions of refugees travelled hundreds or thousands of miles on foot to return to their homes while others were forcibly displaced from their lands. ----. Food remained in dangerously short supply, and even a year after the war roughly 100 million people in Europe still lived on less than 1,500 calories per day. A) In some areas housing was practically nonexistent, with no available means to build anew B) The Soviet campaign to control eastern Europe did not go unchallenged C) Historians estimate that in World War II nearly 50 million people died



B) One reason for this was that, in the early fifteenth century, the laws of linear perspective were discovered and first employed to give the fullest sense of three dimensions



D) Even more than World War I, World War II involved the combined efforts of whole populations



C) Sixteenth-century Italian writers, such as Machiavelli, Ariosto, Tasso, and Sannazaro, were also highly accomplished creators of imaginative prose and verse



E) Since industry was essential to winning the war, centres of industry became vital military targets



D) Perhaps the greatest of the Florentine artists was Leonardo da Vinci, one of the most versatile geniuses who ever lived E) Most Venetian painters showed little of the Florentine school’s concerns with philosophical and psychological issues



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



12



A KPDS İNG / KASIM 2008 53. A friend is being posted to rather a remote part of the world, for two years, to carry out some research. You hear that his wife feels very reluctant to go. You want to awaken in her a more positive approach to the people and culture of the area where the husband has been posted. So you say:



51. Western perceptions of the Middle East as a viable tourist destination have been adversely affected by the 9/11 terrorist attacks in the US, the subsequent war on terrorism, and the war in Iraq. Indeed, the impact of the 9/11 attacks upon the tourist sector in the region has been profound. ----. North Africa in general and Tunisia in particular have fared comparatively well, but Morocco has suffered badly.



A) Take your computer with you and then you won’t feel so cut off from the rest of the world.



A) Morocco is already one of the biggest tourist destinations in the Middle East and North Africa, drawing 2.25 million visitors a year



B) Don’t worry; after a time you’ll find you’ve got used to the conditions there. C) What’s worrying you? Is it the language?



B) Especially, the effect on visitor numbers has been decisive although it has varied considerably from country to country C) Morocco has a better developed domestic beach culture than probably anywhere else in the Middle East or North Africa



D) What a wonderful opportunity to meet different people and watch a completely different way of life from close quarters. E) The secret is: keep busy. Then you won’t have time to get bored.



D) The target of 10 million visitors a year by 2010 may have been a little over-optimistic, although Egypt has made huge investments E) Some of the driest parts of Morocco lie on the coast, and so one feasible option is to pipe water there from the Atlas Mountains



52. – 57. sorularda, verilen durumda söylenmiş olabilecek sözü bulunuz.



54. A colleague has started to spend rather too lavishly and got herself into debt. But this doesn’t seem to worry her and she continues to buy very expensive and quite unnecessary things. One day you happen to see her on the point of buying shoes she doesn’t need and run across to stop her. You say to her firmly:



52. In the workplace a friend is very disappointed because someone else has been promoted to the position she felt she deserved. She is also extremely angry and talking of giving in her resignation. You feel this would be very unwise, and say:



A) Are you sure you can afford them?



A) Don’t do anything while you are so angry; you may regret it later.



B) Think it over and come back tomorrow.



B) Of course you’re angry. You deserved to be promoted.



C) Yes. They’re quite nice, but there’s really nothing special about them.



C) After all, you are better qualified than anyone else here.



D) Let’s go and have a coffee somewhere and discuss the problem.



D) Don’t you enjoy working here? I always thought you did.



E) No, you don’t! You’ve got to give up this reckless spending!



E) If you want to resign, do: there’s no one stopping you!



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



13



A KPDS İNG / KASIM 2008 57. A friend has been over-working for months and has been losing weight and sleeping badly. You decide to really shock her into taking care of herself on the principle that sometimes you have to be cruel to be kind, and say:



55. Your niece has been for an interview for a post. She very much wanted the job on offer, but has been turned down. Learning that this was her first-ever interview, you want to help restore her confidence and give her some practical advice. So, you say: A) The person who is giving the interview should try to put you at your ease. B) I’m sorry to hear that you were turned down.



A) Get away from it all for a weekend. Go to a nice quiet place in the country. B) Why are you driving yourself like this? C) There should be more to life than making money!



C) Don’t worry. This was your first interview. You need some practice in being interviewed! Apply for lots of posts and go to lots of interviews.



D) I suggest you look after yourself well. E) You’re killing yourself by working too much. Besides, you’re really neglecting your family!



D) Were the questions he asked really all that difficult? E) What did you do wrong at this interview? Did you feel you were being treated unfairly?



56. Your sister is about to buy her first car, and wants your advice. You realize she is attracted to rather large and luxury-class models. You decide to give her a practical reason for choosing something smaller, and say:



58. – 63. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. 58. (I) The brain’s functions are both mysterious and remarkable. (II) From the brain come all thoughts, beliefs, memories, behaviours, and moods. (III) The brain is the site of thinking and the control centre for the rest of the body. (IV) Before performing a physical examination, the doctor interviews the patient to obtain his or her medical history. (V) The brain coordinates the ability to move, touch, smell, hear, and see.



A) I’d love to drive a car like that. B) What do you want a big car like that for? C) That’s a difficult car for a learner driver. D) Parking big cars like that is always a problem. E) Cars like that are for experienced drivers only!



A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



14



A KPDS İNG / KASIM 2008 61. (I) Since 1988, when China delivered intermediaterange ballistic missiles and missile launchers to Saudi Arabia, there has been genuine concern that China may have been trying to buy into the lucrative Gulf arms market. (II) However, there has been no evidence of further significant arms deals between China and the Gulf since that time. (III) On the other hand, since the 1990s, China has enjoyed a healthy trade in military equipment with Iran. (IV) In 2005 Saudi Arabia supplied China with 17% of its imported oil needs. (V) Obviously, this has caused a great deal of worry in the other Gulf states about the military imbalance that exists between themselves and Iran, an imbalance that China has been instrumental in creating.



59. (I) Most episodes of illness with a fever in children are caused by viral infections, although bacterial infections can also produce a fever. (II) The first symptom of a severe eye infection is usually swollen and red eyelids. (III) In fact, it is often hard to distinguish a bacterial infection from a viral infection. (IV) Though bacterial infections can be serious, they usually respond readily to antibiotics. (V) Prompt diagnosis of a bacterial infection is thus important to ensure prompt treatment. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



A) I



60. (I) Devaluation of the Jamaican dollar made Jamaican products more competitive on the world market, and the country achieved record growth in tourism and agriculture. (II) Jamaica was inhabited by Arawak Indians when Columbus explored it in 1494 and named it St. Iago. (III) It remained under Spanish rule until 1655, when it became a British possession. (IV) In the following decades disease decimated the Arawaks. (V) As a result, slaves were brought from Africa to work on the sugar plantations. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



62. (I) Earthquakes are the result of forces deep within Earth’s interior that continuously affect its surface. (II) The energy from these forces is stored in a variety of ways within the rocks. (III) Although the Richter Scale has no upper limit, the largest known shocks have had magnitudes in the 8.8 to 8.9 range. (IV) When this energy is released suddenly by rupturing movements along faults in the crust of Earth, an earthquake results. (V) The area of the fault where the sudden rupture takes place is called the focus of the earthquake, while the point on Earth’s surface directly above the focus is called the epicentre of the earthquake. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



15



A KPDS İNG / KASIM 2008 63. (I) The average salt concentration in the oceans at the present time is around 35 grams per litre of sea water. (II) Geological evidence shows that this figure has remained constant for the last 1.5 billion years. (III) Actually, this means that the oceans must lose nearly three billion tons of salt each year to balance the amount that enters them. (IV) Suggested mechanisms for this process include loss through sea spray, chemical reactions at the sea floor, biological activity, and the formation of salt deposits on land. (V) It is true that floating ice would not change sea levels if it melted. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



65. By all accounts, the operation was a success, but the period of recuperation looks like being a long one. A) So long as the operation is carried out successfully, the period of recuperation that follows will be short. B) Even if the operation is successful, it will be a long time before he gets back to normal. C) Since the operation was only a partial success, we mustn’t expect a speedy recovery. D) The operation was a huge success, so he is expected to be back to normal almost at once. E) The operation apparently went off well, but quite some time may be required for him to recover fully.



64. – 69. sorularda, verilen cümleye anlamca en yakın olan cümleyi bulunuz. 66. Everyone seems to be on edge these days, but with the elections so near that is hardly surprising.



64. Actually, I try to keep out of her way because, whenever I do run into her, she pesters me for a loan.



A) The approaching elections seem to have caused a higher than average amount of friction between people.



A) Whatever you do, don’t ever give her a loan or you’ll find yourself forced to lend her money every time she asks for it.



B) As elections are drawing near, we can expect such displays of bad-temper.



B) Even so, it’s best to keep out of her way, if you can, as she takes every available opportunity to get money out of you.



C) The approach of the elections is no excuse for such displays of bad-temper.



C) As a matter of fact, I avoid her as much as possible since, if we ever do happen to meet, she’s sure to work on me to lend her money. D) Even so, I prefer not to risk a meeting with her as I know she will do her best to make me lend her the money.



D) Nowadays tempers everywhere are frayed, which, I suppose, is only natural, with election day so close. E) With elections so close it’s essential that everyone makes an effort to stay calm.



E) I’d rather not put myself in a position to be forced to lend her money again.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



16



A KPDS İNG / KASIM 2008 69. Leonardo da Vinci forged close friendships with a wide variety of people, from humble apprentices to the king of France.



67. If the film focuses on terrorism, it is not likely to attract large audiences. A) Films that focus on terrorism are not as popular as they used to be.



A) Leonardo da Vinci had some close friends, who mainly included apprentices and also the king of France.



B) If terrorism is central to the film, it probably won’t achieve much popularity.



B) Among the few people Leonardo da Vinci regarded as his friends were some poor apprentices as well as the king of France.



C) As the film touches on terrorism we can’t expect it to be popular. D) Unless there is at least a background of terrorism to the film, it won’t be a hit.



C) Leonardo da Vinci was very fond of his friends, who in fact consisted of the French king and some poor apprentices.



E) If you want the film to be a box-office success, choose any subject but terrorism.



D) Leonardo da Vinci had a wide range of close friends, including poor apprentices and also the king of France. E) The king of France and a number of apprentices were the only people who made friends with Leonardo da Vinci.



70. – 75. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz.



68. People have usually assumed that this mountain village was abandoned because easier living conditions were available elsewhere. A) The prospect of better living conditions in another place must have tempted the inhabitants to desert this mountain village. B) Apparently, people abandoned this mountain village, tempted by the prospect of a better way of life elsewhere.



70. James : - Have you been to the Dali exhibition? Rodney : - ---James : - Why is that?



C) It must have been hard to make a livelihood in this mountain village, so people opted out and went in search of an easier way of life.



Rodney : - I don’t like being caught up in a crowd when I’m looking at paintings.



D) The mountain village was presumably abandoned when people realized that easier conditions were on offer elsewhere.



A) I certainly have. And I hope to go again soon. B) Not yet. I don’t go to such exhibitions till they’ve been going for some time.



E) It has generally been presumed that people deserted this mountain village because there was the prospect of a pleasanter way of life in another place.



C) I was there at the opening. What about you? D) Yes. I was surprised at how few large paintings there were. E) Of course. And it was quite an experience.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



17



A KPDS İNG / KASIM 2008 73. Steve : - According to this latest report on Afghanistan, it’s not safe for aid agencies to work there.



71. Clare : - What’s the matter with you? You’re not your usual self! Kate : - I know I’m not. This report I’m doing is getting me down.



Ken : - How come? There is a strong NATO force there to provide security.



Clare : - ----



Steve : - ----



Kate : - No; thank goodness. But the deadline is near.



Ken : - So, it seems that the NATO-led attempts to bring peace to this country have already failed.



A) So that’s the trouble. Is there still much left to be done? B) The trouble with you is that you’re a perfectionist. C) When are you expected to hand it in? D) Would you like me to go over it for you?



A) You know that the aims of the NATO intervention in this country have been clearly defined. B) Indeed, northern Afghanistan remains reasonably peaceful and open to trade. C) Sure, but a large part of the country, especially the troublesome southern parts, are controlled by rebel groups.



E) But it was nearly finished last week, wasn’t it?



D) In fact, for this country to achieve peace and security, there is an urgent need for more foreign involvement. 72. Fred : - Have you read this article on the economies of the Middle Eastern countries?



E) Actually, several nations have helped to build roads, bridges, and other important facilities.



Mike : - No, not yet. Anything interesting in it? Fred : - ---Mike : - That’s to be expected. After all, Iran is the second-largest producer of oil in OPEC. A) Well, Iran’s nuclear aims seem to have increased international tension. B) To my surprise, 50% of Iran’s revenue comes from its oil exports. C) Clearly, the global economy is suffering heavily from the current US economic crisis. D) Just one point: every day, the world spends around $5.5 billion at current price levels on crude oil purchases. E) It seems that China, India, and Japan have become the primary markets for the Middle East’s oil and gas.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



18



A KPDS İNG / KASIM 2008 75. Liz : - Do you think the Russian invasion of Georgia will do lasting damage to Russia’s relations with the EU?



74. Tim : - A recent study has found that, in the oilproducing Arab countries in the Middle East, a quarter of the population lives below the poverty line, defined by the World Bank as earning less than $2 per day.



Brian : - In the short term, tensions will be high, but before long things will settle down smoothly again.



Tony : - Unbelievable. Despite record oil profits for those countries?



Liz : - How can you be so positive?



Tim : - ---Tony : - In that case, one can say that Arab governments have been negligent of their social responsibility. A) Yes, indeed. In fact, this clearly shows that the current oil boom has not benefited the average Arab citizen at all.



Brian : - ---A) Russia’s decision last year to reduce gas supplies to Europe was based on economic considerations rather than on any political aim. B) Russia has always shown a keen interest in European politics and often tries to influence it to its own advantage.



B) It is true that higher oil prices allow governments to avoid making difficult decisions.



C) The response of France has been to construct several new nuclear power stations.



C) Moreover, massive infrastructure and housing projects have been undertaken.



D) If we’re to live side by side, there must be a good measure of trust.



D) So far, open economies have done much better than the closed ones.



E) Very simple. Russia needs European goods and technology as much as Europe needs Russian gas.



E) For instance, in the Gulf states, rising real estate prices have pushed up rents and housing costs.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



19



A KPDS İNG / KASIM 2008 77. One gathers from the passage that, in the Hellenistic Age, ----.



76. – 80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. The major sciences of the Hellenistic Age were astronomy, mathematics, geography, medicine, and physics. The most renowned of the early Hellenistic astronomers was Aristarchus of Samos (310-230 B.C.), sometimes called the “Hellenistic Copernicus.” His primary accomplishment was his deduction that the Earth and the other planets revolve around the Sun. This view was not accepted by his successors because it conflicted with the teachings of Aristotle and also with the Greek conviction that humanity, and therefore the Earth, must be at the centre of the universe. Later, in the second century A.D., Aristarchus’s fame was overshadowed by that of Ptolemy of Alexandria. Although Ptolemy made few original discoveries, he systematized the works of others. His principal writing, The Almagest, based on the view that all heavenly bodies revolve around the Earth, was handed down to medieval Europe as the classic summary of ancient astronomy.



A) Aristotle’s writings and the works of other philosophers were edited and published B) astronomy was the science which received the most attention C) all astronomers held the same views about the Sun and the planets D) astronomy was just one of several sciences to be studied seriously E) it was commonly accepted that Aristarchus’s ideas had mainly derived from Aristotle



78. It is clear from the passage that, with his view of the universe, Aristarchus ----.



76. According to the passage, it was Ptolemy of Alexandria who ----.



A) opened the way for the study of astronomy as a science



A) adequately summarized in his Almagest Aristarchus’s ideas on astronomy



B) was only repeating the traditional Greek idea



B) was greatly inspired by Aristarchus’s heliocentric view of the universe



C) did not differ from other Hellenistic astronomers D) had much influence on his contemporaries



C) fundamentally shaped the European understanding of astronomy for the Middle Ages



E) made an unprecedented breakthrough in astronomy



D) first studied and explained in The Almagest the movements of all the planets E) contributed extensively to the development of astronomy as a science



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



20



A KPDS İNG / KASIM 2008 80. One understands from the passage that Aristarchus’s reputation as an astronomer ----.



79. It is pointed out in the passage that the Greeks ----. A) regarded the Earth as the centre of the universe B) were extremely influenced by Aristarchus’s ideas C) were not fully familiar with the teachings of Aristotle



A) can be attributed to Copernicus’s study of his work B) never lost its significance in the Middle Ages C) began to grow only after the second century A.D.



D) completely ruled out whatever Ptolemy said about the universe



D) became widespread through Ptolemy’s famous work The Almagest



E) knew how the planets revolved around the Sun



E) has been acknowledged as correct by modern astronomers



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



21



A KPDS İNG / KASIM 2008 82. It is stressed in the passage that the Berlin Wall ----.



81. – 85. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. The most significant political change in eastern Europe during the late 1980s was the collapse of communism in East Germany and the unification of East and West Germany. Although long considered the most prosperous of the Soviet satellite countries, East Germany suffered from severe economic stagnation and environmental degradation. Waves of East Germans registered their discontent with worsening conditions by massive illegal emigration to the West. This exodus together with evidence of widespread official corruption led to the resignation of East Germany’s long-time, hard-line premier, Erich Honecker. His successor, Egon Krenz, promised reforms, but he was nevertheless faced with continuing protests and continuing mass emigration. In the end, on 4 November 1989, the government, in a move that acknowledged its powerlessness to hold its citizens captive, opened its border with Czechoslovakia. This move effectively freed East Germans to travel to the West. In a matter of days, the Berlin Wall, which had been the embodiment of the Cold War, the Iron Curtain, and the division of East from West, was demolished by groups of ordinary citizens. Jubilant crowds from both sides walked through the gaping holes that now permitted men, women, and children to take the few steps that symbolized the return to freedom and a chance for national unity.



A) had been built by the East German government in order to prevent any access to West Berlin B) not only divided East and West, but also, more importantly, symbolized the Cold War and the Iron Curtain C) signified both the powerlessness of Honecker’s government and the failure of his economic policies D) would have been demolished even if East Germany had retained communism E) gave rise to a great many ideological controversies between East and West Germany



83. According to the passage, with the collapse of the Berlin Wall, ----.



81. As pointed out in the passage, in the late 1980s, ----.



A) the Soviet satellite countries were exposed to Western ideas



A) Honecker and Krenz were fully committed to the ultimate unification of East and West Germany



B) East and West Germany signed a treaty of reunification



B) East Germany began to enjoy so much prosperity that the other Soviet satellite states became envious of its economic success C) the East German government, already corrupt and disliked by the people, was no longer able to prevent mass emigration to the West D) Honecker introduced extremely austere economic measures in order to improve worsening conditions and get rid of corruption



C) the economic prosperity of East Germany continued to increase D) the East Germans took up their fight against political corruption E) the East German people were, as it were, finally freed from captivity



E) East Germany adopted a policy of cooperation with West Germany so that the effects of the Cold War could be eliminated



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



22



A KPDS İNG / KASIM 2008 85. It is made clear in the passage that Honecker’s resignation from the government ----.



84. It is stated in the passage that East Germany ----. A) made various attempts to fight corruption in the government, but failed



A) led to a serious political crisis in the country, which was finally resolved by the intervention of his successor Egon Krenz



B) had continually tried to be re-unified with West Germany before the fall of the Berlin Wall



B) was inevitable because he had failed to carry out the reforms urgently needed to improve the economy and the environment



C) had never regarded communism as an acceptable regime until the 1980s D) faced extremely severe economic and environmental problems in the 1980s



C) was required by his successor Egon Krenz, who was far more popular with the people and took the necessary precautions to stop illegal emigration



E) had a considerable economic and political influence on other east European countries



D) was demanded because, without having consulted his colleagues, he had opened East Germany’s border with Czechoslovakia E) took place as a result of widespread official corruption and the massive illegal emigration to the West of the people of East Germany



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



23



A KPDS İNG / KASIM 2008 87. As pointed out in the passage, the new states in eastern Europe, created in accordance with the Versailles treaty, ----.



86. – 90. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. The causes of World War II were rooted in the peace settlement at Versailles in 1919-1920. The peace had created as many problems as it had solved. The senior Allied heads of state yielded to demands that involved annexing German territory and creating new states out of the eastern European empires. In doing so, the peacemakers created fresh bitterness and conflict. The Versailles treaty and its champions, such as US President Woodrow Wilson, proclaimed the principle of self-determination for the peoples of eastern and southern Europe. Yet the new states created by the treaty crossed ethnic boundaries, involved political compromises, and frustrated many of the expectations they had raised. The unsteady new boundaries would be redrawn by force in the 1930s. The Allied powers also kept up the naval blockade against Germany after the end of World War I. This forced the new German government to accept harsh terms that deprived Germany of its political power in Europe. The blockade and its consequences created grievances that made the German people feel angry and completely humiliated.



A) became the source of many problems in Europe and caused much disillusionment B) were protected by the Allied powers against a possible German invasion C) formed an alliance in order to resist Germany’s territorial demands D) maintained their independence until the start of World War II E) did their best to be on good terms with Germany and so pursued a pro-German policy



88. According to the passage, in the face of the Allied naval blockade, ----.



86. It is argued in the passage that the Versailles treaty, signed after World War I, ----.



A) Germany openly refused to reach any political compromise with the Allied powers



A) went into effect soon after the Allied naval blockade against Germany had been lifted



B) the German government gave up its demands for the annexation of the east European countries



B) did not take into consideration Woodrow Wilson’s principle of self-determination



C) the newly-created east European countries soon began to disregard each other’s boundaries



C) enabled Germany to regain its territories in eastern Europe and become militarily strong again D) was a total failure, since it ultimately led to World War II E) was accepted with great jubilation by the German government and people



D) the German people strongly opposed Woodrow Wilson’s principle of self-determination E) Germany had no other choice but to agree to the severe conditions dictated by the Allies



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



24



A KPDS İNG / KASIM 2008 90. Clearly, the passage ----.



89. It is clear from the passage that, contrary to Allied expectations, ----. A) the Germans were able to overcome the grievances caused by the naval blockade



A) is a comprehensive assessment of the impact that the Allied naval blockade of Germany had on the Versailles treaty



B) the peace deal made at Versailles brought about new hostilities and conflicts



B) is a detailed account of how Germany prepared itself economically and politically for World War II



C) Germany’s political power in Europe became further strengthened by the Versailles treaty



C) focuses directly on the problems that faced the new east European states created after World War I



D) President Wilson was worried about the political future of the new states in eastern Europe



D) is a detailed study of the European importance and consequences of Woodrow Wilson’s principle of self-determination



E) Germany and the new east European states soon realized they had much in common and established good relationships



E) summarizes the developments in Europe in the aftermath of the Versailles treaty



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



25



A KPDS İNG / KASIM 2008 92. As pointed out in the passage, compared with the French Revolution, the Industrial Revolution ----.



91. – 95. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. The French Revolution transformed the political and diplomatic landscape of Europe suddenly and dramatically. The transformation of industry came more gradually. By the 1830s or 1840s, however, writers and social thinkers in Europe were increasingly aware of unexpected and extraordinary changes in their economic world. They began to speak of an “industrial revolution,” one that seemed to parallel the revolution in politics. The term has stayed with us. The Industrial Revolution spanned the hundred years after 1780. It represented the first breakthrough from an agricultural and overwhelmingly rural economy to one characterized by large-scale manufacturing, more capital-intensive enterprises, and urbanization. It involved new sources of energy and power, faster transportation, mechanization, higher productivity, and new ways of organizing human labour. It triggered social changes with revolutionary consequences for the West and its relationship with the world. Of all these changes, perhaps the most important one was to be seen in energy. Over the space of two or three generations, a society and an economy that had traditionally drawn on water, wind, and wood for most of its energy needs came to depend on steam engines and coal. In other words, the Industrial Revolution brought the beginnings of “the fossil fuel age.”



A) was so sudden and unexpected that there emerged a desperate need for new sources of energy and more workers B) had no impact at all on the social changes which took place in Europe in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries C) had so much influence on European politics in the nineteenth century that governments had to revise their development plans D) was primarily concerned with social welfare and forced many countries in Europe to introduce new benefits for workers E) was a process of industrial, economic, and social transformation in Europe, which covered a hundred years beginning with the late eighteenth century



93. One learns from the passage that, with the Industrial Revolution, ----.



91. As one understands from the passage, the term “the Industrial Revolution” ----.



A) a great deal of improvement was made in transportation so that goods could be carried in large quantities all over the world



A) was only used during the first half of the nineteenth century and has since been replaced by new terms, such as “the fossil fuel age” B) was invented after the Industrial Revolution was completed



B) the usual energy resources, such as wind, water, and wood, began to be used far more efficiently in order to meet growing energy needs



C) always signified the process of urbanization in Europe, which was closely linked with the migration of rural people to major cities



C) the traditional rural economy was replaced by a capital-based economy of mass production and labour



D) was first invented by a group of European social thinkers who recognized that huge changes were occurring in the economic world



D) economic affairs came to dominate politics and diplomatic relations in Europe so much that governments adopted policies for more cooperation with each other



E) essentially referred to the use of steam power in industry, but has today lost its original meaning completely



E) agriculture in Europe was fully modernized and, consequently, much higher productivity was achieved



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



26



A KPDS İNG / KASIM 2008 95. As can be seen clearly, the passage ----.



94. It is clear from the passage that coal-fired steam power ----.



A) explains how the Industrial Revolution transformed the landscape of European politics and relations



A) had not been used as a primary source of energy before the Industrial Revolution B) was only used as a source of energy for industry in the 1830s and 1840s C) quickly lost its importance for industry after the advantages of fossil fuels became apparent



B) gives a detailed account of the ways in which the French Revolution differs from the Industrial Revolution C) extensively outlines the role which various sources of energy equally played in the Industrial Revolution



D) was not regarded as a feasible source of energy during the Industrial Revolution



D) mainly deals with the meaning and the economic and social consequences of the Industrial Revolution



E) played a minimal role in the transport of goods during the Industrial Revolution



E) discusses in depth the political and economic causes of both the French Revolution and the Industrial Revolution



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



27



A KPDS İNG / KASIM 2008 97. According to the passage, unlike their French or German counterparts, ----.



96. – 100. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. The Renaissance originated in Italy for several reasons. The most fundamental reason was that Italy in the later Middle Ages was the most advanced urban society in all of Europe. Unlike aristocrats north of the Alps, Italian aristocrats customarily lived in urban centres rather than in rural castles and consequently became fully involved in urban public affairs. Moreover, since the Italian aristocracy built its palaces in the cities, the aristocratic class was less sharply set off from the class of rich merchants than in other European countries. Hence, whereas in France or Germany most aristocrats lived on the income from their lands while rich town dwellers, called bourgeois in French, gained their living from trade, in Italy so many town-dwelling aristocrats engaged in banking or mercantile enterprises, and so many rich mercantile families imitated the manners of the aristocracy that, by the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, the aristocracy and upper bourgeoisie were becoming virtually indistinguishable. For instance, the noted Florentine family of the Medici, which had emerged as a family of physicians (as the name suggests), made its fortune in banking and commerce, and rose into the aristocracy in the fifteenth century. Obviously, social mobility as such brought about a great demand for education in the skills of reading and counting necessary to become a successful merchant, but the richest and most prominent families sought above all to find teachers who would impart to their sons the knowledge and skills necessary in politics and public life.



96. It is suggested in the passage that, in the period before the Renaissance, ----.



A) medieval Italian aristocrats lived in cities and mixed with the general public B) Italian merchants in the Renaissance period were also engaged in trade north of the Alps C) distinguished Italian families wished their sons to become successful merchants D) the Medici were actively involved in the politics and diplomatic relations of their time E) the Italian upper bourgeoisie were strongly opposed to social mobility



98. It is pointed out in the passage that wealthy medieval Italian merchant families ----.



A) the aristocrats in Europe were indifferent to the quality of education offered at schools



A) deliberately avoided any involvement in the political affairs of their cities



B) the Medici of Florence had been a poor mercantile family with no skills in politics



B) disliked urban centres and preferred to live in their castles built in rural areas



C) France and Germany had many more aristocratic families than Italy



C) never took an interest in the political activities of the aristocracy



D) European banking was completely monopolized by the rich town-dwellers of France



D) were greatly influenced in their habits and way of life by urban aristocrats



E) no other European country had an urban society as advanced as that of Italy



E) were far more enterprising in trade than their French and German rivals



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



28



A KPDS İNG / KASIM 2008 99. According to the passage, it was in Italy that ----. A) what the French called bourgeois had the monopoly on banking



100. It is clear from the passage that banking and trade ----. A) contributed a great deal to social mobility in Italy in the later Middle Ages



B) merchants and aristocrats were clearly set apart C) banking developed much faster than trade



B) were far more advanced in France and Germany than in Italy during the Renaissance



D) most aristocrats wanted their sons to learn only the skills associated with politics



C) were major enterprises that medieval Italian aristocrats chose to ignore



E) the rise of the Renaissance first took place



D) first emerged in medieval Italy, but were more professionally practised north of the Alps E) had much impact on the development of education throughout medieval Europe



TEST BİTTİ. CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



29



KAMU PERSONELİ YABANCI DİL BİLGİSİ SEVİYE TESPİT SINAVI (KPDS) 02 KASIM 2008



İNGİLİZCE A KİTAPÇIĞI 1. E



26. C



51. B



76. C



2. D



27. E



52. A



77. D



3. E



28. D



53. D



78. E



4. B



29. D



54. E



79. A



5. A



30. E



55. C



80. E



6. C



31. A



56. D



81. C



7. D



32. E



57. E



82. B



8. A



33. A



58. D



83. E



9. E



34. C



59. B



84. D



10. D



35. B



60. A



85. E



11. B



36. A



61. D



86. D



12. C



37. D



62. C



87. A



13. A



38. A



63. E



88. E



14. E



39. E



64. C



89. B



15. A



40. D



65. E



90. E



16. D



41. A



66. D



91. D



17. A



42. B



67. B



92. E



18. B



43. C



68. E



93. C



19. E



44. B



69. D



94. A



20. D



45. A



70. B



95. D



21. B



46. E



71. A



96. E



22. A



47. C



72. B



97. A



23. C



48. A



73. C



98. D



24. A



49. B



74. A



99. E



25. D



50. A



75. E



100. A



A İNGİLİZCE



KPSS-YD-CS / 2008



5. The original inhabitants of Burundi were the Twa, a people who now ---- only 1% of the population.



1. – 13. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



A) set out



D) come to



1. More than just a dance, flamenco is an artistic ---of the joys and sorrows of life. A) familiarity



B) difference



D) expression



B) stand by



C) take on



E) make up



C) resource



E) sense



2. The Lord of the Rings has been reprinted ---times and translated into many different languages. A) additional



B) abundant



C) common



D) delicate



6. It is often argued that a country should not rely on foreign sources for many of its products because, in times of war, these sources might well be ----. A) cut off



E) numerous



B) broken down D) brought in



C) held on



E) got away



3. Although money is not the only means of payment for goods and services, it is the one which is most ---- used. A) densely



B) widely D) suddenly



C) closely



E) inclusively



7. Mount Etna, which is one of the world’s largest active volcanoes, ---- by the ancient Romans ---the home of Vulcan, the mythological god of fire.



4. The book and movie series of Harry Potter has ---- extremely popular, in part because the story involves witchcraft. A) concerned



B) admitted



D) played



A)



would be thought / being



B)



has been thought / having to be



C) is thought / to have been D) was thought / to be



C) become



E)



E) reached



had been thought / having been



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



30



A KPSS-YD-CS / 2008 11. Estonia, which was created ---- World War I, enjoyed only two short decades of independence before it once again became a part ---- its powerful neighbour, the Soviet Union.



8. Evidence that humans ---- to cultivate crops approximately 10,000 years ago ---- the presence of agricultural tools at archaeological sites. A) have begun / will include B)



might have begun / would have included



C) had begun / had included



A) from / at



B) during / for



C) after / of



D) on / in E) around / within



D) were beginning / has included E)



began / includes



9. Wisconsin ---- the US dairy capital, and each year the village of Little Chute ---- the Great Wisconsin Cheese Festival.



12. ---- you buy something, you buy it because of the satisfaction you expect to receive from having it and using it.



A) has been / would host



A) While



B) is / hosts



B) If only D) When



C) was / shall host



C) Since



E) Though



D) can be / had hosted E)



will be / used to host



10. Detroit, the largest city in Michigan, is situated ---the southeastern part ---- the state. A) in / of



B) at / on



C) along / from



D) by / through



13. ---- the death of the dictator General Franco in 1975, Spain became a constitutional monarchy under King Juan Carlos I. A) In spite of



B) Since



D) As well as



C) After E) Instead of



E) within / for



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



31



A KPSS-YD-CS / 2008 19. – 24. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.



14. – 18. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. Swedish belongs to the northern group of Germanic languages. Various dialects are spoken, especially in Southern Sweden, (14) ---- the accent is almost Danish. (15) ---- the Swedish people look reserved, they are friendly and open-minded. Their cities are rich (16) ---- tradition, but also modern and dynamic. Stockholm, the capital, (17) ---- the latest in design and architecture. The country (18) ---- increasingly multicultural in recent years.



19. Although some people are happy to head off into the mountains alone, ----. A) it is advisable to hire a local who knows the paths B) the Kaçkars are becoming increasingly visited for their trekking opportunities C) you should bring a good quality tent, stove and sleeping bag D) most of them aren’t aware that good personal hygiene is quite important in the wild



14. A) wherever



B) which



D) what



E) measuring a distance on the map is very important for estimating the length of a walk



C) that E) where



15. A) Although



B) Because



D) As if



C) If



E) As long as



16. A) about



B) at D) in



C) of E) by



17. A) gains



B) replaces D) completes



20. Before you spend any money on fish for your aquarium, ----.



C) competes



A) it is worth considering that juvenile fish are dark blue with distinctive white markings



E) offers



B) bear in mind that much of the food we eat ourselves is also suitable for fish



18. A) would have become



B) has become



C) should become



D) had become



C) be sure that you have provided the right environment for the well-being of your fish D) you should have checked if they were likely to grow much larger



E) will become



E) feed your fish sparingly as any uneaten food will cause pollution problems in the tank



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



32



A KPSS-YD-CS / 2008 23. Portugal, an independent state since the 12th century, was a kingdom ----.



21. Because inflation has adverse effects on the consumer, ----. A) most companies are reluctant to offer competitive prices



A) although the country is crossed by three large rivers that flow into the Atlantic



B) high inflation results in a weaker currency



B) until a revolution in 1910 drove out King Manoel II, and a republic was proclaimed



C) economists may have used different types of indexes to measure inflation



C) which occupies the western part of the Iberian Peninsula



D) high inflation creates problems for companies that deal with exports



D) so that the Roman Empire conquered the region in about 140 B.C.



E) governments are always under pressure to bring inflation under control



E) since the Portuguese Empire in the 16th century extended to Africa and South America



24. Oil supplies are limited, and natural gas prices are rising, ----.



22. All developed countries’ governments are worried about unemployment, ----.



A) although, within the next two decades, most countries will go bankrupt



A) so that demand for labour is derived from the demand for the product



B) in case much of the demand is likely to be met with coal



B) if some employers pay good wages because of market forces



C) since the US has some of the world’s richest deposits



C) and there is a good deal of international discussion about it



D) but coal could light our homes and power our factories for centuries



D) so investment in new technology makes people more productive



E) even if more than a quarter trillion of tons of coal lie underfoot



E) even if employers must be able to reduce the number of people they employ



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



33



A KPSS-YD-CS / 2008 27. The European Central Bank should remain focused on holding inflation down.



25. – 28. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz. 25. There has been much discussion about why ancient Athenian culture encouraged philosophy. A) Eski Atina kültürünün felsefeyi neden teşvik ettiği hususunda çok tartışma olmuştur. B) Eski Atina kültürünün felsefeyi neden özendirdiği önemli tartışmalara yol açmıştır. C) Felsefenin Eski Atina kültüründen nasıl beslendiği konusu çok tartışılmıştır.



A) Avrupa Merkez Bankası, enflasyonu durdurmaya odaklanmalıdır. B) Enflasyonu durdurmak için odak noktası, Avrupa Merkez Bankası olmalıdır. C) Enflasyonu alt seviyede tutmak için odak noktası, Avrupa Merkez Bankası olmalıdır. D) Avrupa Merkez Bankası, enflasyonu alt seviyede tutmaya odaklanmaya devam etmelidir. E) Avrupa Merkez Bankası, enflasyonu kontrol altına almaya odaklanmak için çaba göstermelidir.



D) Eski Atina kültürünün felsefeye nasıl kaynaklık ettiği hep tartışılmıştır. E) Eski Atina kültürünün felsefeyi niçin desteklediği daima tartışılmıştır.



28. Most of us realize the impact that our families have on our development.



26. Children may not understand that other people have feelings different from their own. A) Diğer insanların farklı duyguları olup olmadığını çocuklar anlayamazlar.



A) Çoğumuz, gelişimimiz üzerinde ailemizin etkili olduğunu biliyoruz.



B) Çocuklar, diğer insanların farklı duygular taşıdığını kavrayamazlar.



B) Pek çoğumuz, ailemizin gelişimimiz üzerinde sahip olduğu etkinin farkındayızdır.



C) Çocuklar, diğer insanların, kendilerininkinden farklı duygulara sahip olduğunu anlamayabilirler.



C) Gelişimimiz üzerinde ailemizin ne denli etkili olduğunu çoğumuz fark etmektedir. D) Ailemizin gelişimimiz üzerindeki etkilerini hepimiz çok iyi anlıyoruz.



D) Çocukların kavrayamadığı, diğer insanların farklı duygularla hareket edip etmediğidir.



E) Hepimiz, ailemizin gelişimimiz üzerindeki etkisini yeterince biliyoruz.



E) Çocuklar, diğer insanların kendilerinden farklı duygular taşıdığını hiç anlayamazlar.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



34



A KPSS-YD-CS / 2008 31. Gelişmiş ülkelerde hükûmetler, işsizlik sorununu çözmek için çeşitli yöntemler denemişlerdir.



29. – 32. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz. 29. Uzmanlar, dünya ikliminin gelecekte daha da ısınıp ısınmayacağı konusunda uzlaşamamaktadır.



A) Governments in developed countries have tried various methods to resolve the problem of unemployment.



A) No consensus has been reached by specialists about the question of the world’s climate getting much warmer in the future.



B) In developed countries, governments are trying several different methods for reducing unemployment.



B) There has been no consensus among specialists concerning the question of whether or not the world’s climate is getting warmer and warmer.



C) Various methods have been used by the governments of developed countries to resolve the unemployment problem.



C) For specialists, no consensus can be reached about whether the world’s climate has already become much warmer.



D) The unemployment problem in developed countries has been resolved by the governments using various methods.



D) It is still a long way before a consensus can be reached among specialists about the question of whether or not the world’s climate has already become extremely warm.



E) Governments of various developed countries have tried different ways of reducing unemployment.



E) Specialists are unable to reach a consensus on whether the world’s climate will get warmer in the future.



30. Roman, kısa öyküden çok daha uzun olduğu için, karmaşık bir olaylar dizisi sunar.



32. İhracatlarını artırabilmiş olan ülkeler, çoğu kez hızlı büyümeyi başarmışlardır.



A) A novel, since it is much longer than a short story, can sometimes present a much more complicated sequence of events.



A) By increasing their exports, many countries have often achieved rapid growth. B) Countries achieving rapid growth have also been able to increase their exports.



B) Since it has a more complicated sequence of events, a novel is much longer than a short story.



C) Countries which have been able to increase their exports have often achieved rapid growth.



C) In addition to presenting a more complicated sequence of events, a novel is also much longer than a short story.



D) Rapid growth is usually achieved by countries that have been able to increase their exports.



D) Because a novel is much longer than a short story, it presents a complicated sequence of events.



E) When countries are able to increase their exports, they have usually also been able to achieve rapid growth.



E) Despite being much longer than a short story, a novel presents a complicated sequence of events.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



35



A KPSS-YD-CS / 2008 33. – 36. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. 33. (I) If you travel to a foreign country, reading the local paper might not be your only problem; understanding the local people can cause confusion, too. (II) This is because, just as languages have different dialects, there are dialects of emotional expression. (III) For instance, experts coded the facial muscles used while expressing 10 emotions and found several cultural differences. (IV) Reflexive responses like fear and disgust showed the least regional variation, while sadness, happiness, shame, and anger showed the most. (V) Moreover, most of us would find it difficult and uncomfortable to speak for a long time. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



B) II



C) III



D) IV



A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



E) V



34. (I) No other food product has chocolate’s magical ability to take so many different forms. (II) Poured into moulds in liquid form, it may reappear in the shape of bars, individual shells to be filled, or sweets. (III) Also, with the addition of flour, it becomes a delicious pudding. (IV) Most people prefer to eat chocolate after meals. (V) Additionally, it may be used in making various kinds of cake. A) I



35. (I) Consumer research shows that some advertisements have a harmful effect on children. (II) Advertising is not an end in itself, though many advertisements may be, in their own way, works of art. (III) The important thing is for the potential customer to remember the theme of the advertisement, not merely the advertisement itself. (IV) It is far better for a consumer to think, “That must be a great product!” than “That was a great commercial.” (V) Hence, a creative advertising message might prove useless, while other duller advertisements seem to endure forever – for the very sensible reason that they move goods off the shelves.



E) V



36. (I) The air we breathe is often dirty and contaminated with many pollutants, particularly in urban areas. (II) As a matter of fact, air pollution consists of gases, liquids, or solids present in the atmosphere at levels high enough to harm living beings as well as materials. (III) Although air pollutants can come from natural sources, human activities also make a major contribution. (IV) Most industrial countries have taken measures to reduce carbon emissions. (V) For instance, motor vehicles and industry are the two main human sources of air pollution. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



36



A KPSS-YD-CS / 2008 38. Matthew : - Have you ever heard of a “hurricane pilgrim”?



37. – 40. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz.



Mother : - ----



37. Elizabeth : - According to this article, the world is now a safer place than it was during the Cold War.



Matthew : - Okay, then, let’s hear it.



Philip : - ---Elizabeth : - Not as much as you might think. The number of governments possessing nuclear arms has actually declined since the end of the Cold War. Philip : - So even though terrorists attack more often, they don’t kill the high number of people that a nuclear warhead would.



Mother : - Well, a pilgrim is a person who comes from far away to see something, and we both know that a hurricane is an extremely strong storm. So a hurricane pilgrim must be someone who comes from out of town just to see the storm. A) No, but I can guess what it means. B) I don’t think I have. What do you know about it? C) Yes; there’s an article about them in this journal. What a dangerous interest!



A) It must be due to increased security at national borders.



D) Is it a type of traveller? E) This is for your homework assignment, isn’t it? Look it up on the Internet.



B) That can’t be true. You’d better re-read the article! C) What about the recent rise in international terrorism? Doesn’t that make the world more dangerous? D) I completely agree. Just think of all the missiles the US and Russia had pointed at each other during the 1980s! E) What do you think is the reason for this situation?



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



37



A KPSS-YD-CS / 2008 40. Beverly : - Here’s an article about a 300-metre-tall wind turbine that was built in Denmark.



39. Sarah : - Did you know that in the Pantanal wetlands in western Brazil the people have several different names for “mud”? Jan : - Then it must be a very muddy place!



Cam : - Three hundred metres? That’s unusally tall, isn’t it?



Sarah : - ----



Beverly : - ----



A) The Pantanal is located near Brazil’s border with Bolivia and Paraguay.



Cam : - Unbelievable!



B) There are species of crocodiles that swim to the swamps from the nearby Rio Negro.



A) Indeed, it is, and it will be able to provide enough electricity for 20,000 homes.



C) Most of the people living in the Pantanal raise cattle for a living.



B) More of these huge turbines are going to be built in Germany.



D) Well, at least for part of the year. The mud completely dries up by the end of the summer.



C) Yes, it is. I wonder why the US isn’t doing more to produce renewable energy like this.



E) The jaguars living in the forests of the Pantanal often kill cattle for food.



D) I don’t know. Was it? E) I agree. What about wind turbines in other countries?



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



38



A KPSS-YD-CS / 2008 43. Suppose you were asked how you know the answers to simple addition problems, such as 4+2 and 3+5. Your response would probably be that you simply know and that you have memorized the answers to such oftenencountered problems. And you would probably be right, since all of us have memorized a number of basic arithmetical facts. ----



41. – 44. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz. 41. A country may have a natural advantage in producing a product because of climatic conditions, access to certain natural resources, or availability of certain labour forces. ----. Sri Lanka’s climate, for example, supports the production of tea, rubber and coconuts.



A) So, can research help identify problems and suggest solutions? B) Like memory, children’s problem solving improves dramatically over the childhood years.



A) Thus, if trade were unrestricted, each country would specialize in those products that give it a competitive advantage



C) However, it is quite difficult to determine which of these strategies a child is using.



B) The country’s climate may dictate which agricultural products it can produce efficiently



D) But what about young children who are just beginning to learn about mathematics?



C) New products usually create trade advantages for the countries where they are produced or developed



E) In addition, coping with addition problems is a common experience for any child who has started school.



D) The more the two countries’ climates differ, the more likely they will favour trade with one another E) Rapid technological changes have created new products and displaced old ones



42. Although many people do not recall their dreams in the morning, evidence suggests that nonrecallers do as much dreaming as recallers. If you take people who claim that they have never dreamed in their life and put them in a dream research laboratory, you will get dream recall at rates comparable to other people. ----. A) In contrast, people can be taught to recognize that they are dreaming



44. In Britain, surnames were uncommon before the 13th century. They were originally descriptive in character, and used to distinguish persons of the same name, especially for real-estate matters. ----. These often indicated appearance (Black, Short), the occupation of the person (Baker, Tailor) or the father’s name (McDonald, Robertson). A) People may use names other than given or inherited names for professional purposes



B) Therefore, investigators do not yet understand why people dream at all C) In that respect, psychologists have demonstrated that some control of dream content is possible D) However, modern methods of study have answered a great many questions about dreaming



B) Surnames crept northwards from Germany through Denmark and into Norway in the 15th and 16th centuries C) Thus, the earliest surnames appeared among the urban, rich classes with property D) In some US families, there is a tradition of using a surname as a first name or a middle name



E) So, if people say, “I never dream”, what they really mean is, “I can’t recall my dreams”



E) In Britain, the use of two surnames is usually regarded as snobbish



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



39



A KPSS-YD-CS / 2008 46. It can be understood from the passage that the “heritage industry” refers to ----.



45. – 48. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Tourism now represents a significant part of the economic assets of many countries, and in many of these, the “heritage industry”, as it has come to be called, is a highly significant part of the touristic experience. Of course, the presentation of major archaeological sites to the public has long been seen as part of the responsibility of governments, along with the proper conservation of these monuments. Particularly in Mexico, Egypt, Greece, and Italy, the ancient monuments have attracted a large tourist trade for over a century. But increasingly, the display of archaeological sites is being commercialized. Heritage has become big business, and, at times, it becomes part of the entertainment industry. Public awareness and enjoyment of archaeology are crucial to the discipline’s survival and development when not much government money is available. However, despite the possible financial advantages, many archaeologists and preservationists are worried, since there is already a huge conflict between touristdriven “reconstruction” and the integrity of archaeological sites – many sites have been “reconstructed” so extensively that it has become extremely difficult to study them. Increasing tourism has had an inevitable effect on the preservation of many sites and may put them at serious risk of permanent damage.



A) the commercial opening up of archaeological sites to tourists B) the tourist trade in all countries C) the responsibility of governments to protect their countries’ monuments D) the development in the public of a sense of archaeological awareness E) the entertainment events held at archaeological sites



47. By the words “integrity of archaeological sites” as used in the passage, the author probably means ----. A) adding new details to the sites B) keeping the sites in a state of proper preservation C) reconstructing the sites for the heritage industry D) charging money to view the sites E) allowing only archaeologists to enter the sites



45. It is clear from the passage that archaeological sites ----.



48. The passage is mainly concerned with ----. A) the varied economic assets of countries



A) benefit greatly from the tourism industry



B) tourism in Mexico, Egypt, Greece, and Italy



B) attract a great many tourists



C) tourism’s adverse effects on archaeological sites



C) are never likely to become commercialized



D) the entertainment industry and how it affects the economy



D) are largely dependent on government funding E) are, it is generally agreed, being improved by reconstruction work



E) government funding for the preservation of monuments



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



40



A KPSS-YD-CS / 2008 50. According to the passage, the survivors of the plane crash remained on the mountain ----.



49. – 52. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. On 13 October, 1972, a plane carrying a group of Uruguayan rugby players and their families and friends crashed in the Andes Mountains en route to Chile, where the team was due to play a friendly match. Of the 45 people on the plane, only 27 survived the plane crash. On the freezing mountain, they faced tough conditions, having only small amounts of food and drink. Nine of the survivors died of their injuries and from exposure to the cold. Those remaining took the difficult decision to consume their dead comrades – a clear case of survival cannibalism. Some refused at first, but gave in a few days later out of desperation. About two months after the crash, three of the strongest survivors left the site in order to find help; and they succeeded in doing so. In all, 16 of the group survived. When they arrived at a hospital in Santiago, they were reluctant at first to speak of the cannibalism incident, claiming they had survived by eating cheese they had been carrying.



A) with enough food and drink to help them stay alive B) in order to search for other survivors C) and died from exposure to the cold D) for a relatively long period of time E) so that they could bury their dead comrades



51. We can infer from the passage that no one would have survived the crash at all ----. A) if the survivors had been exposed to tough conditions on the freezing mountain B) even though plenty of food and drink had been available to the survivors C) because some of the survivors died of their injuries D) if the survivors hadn’t been carrying a great deal of cheese with them on the plane E) if three of the survivors hadn’t gone in search of help



52. We understand from the passage that, of the original group of 27 survivors, ----.



49. It can be understood from the passage that the survivors of the plane crash ----. A) were only the rugby players on their way to Chile



A) some decided to go without food so that their friends would have more to eat



B) easily made the decision to eat the flesh of those who hadn’t survived the crash



B) none agreed to eat those who hadn’t survived the crash



C) were supplied with adequate food and drink



C) there were only 16 who finally got off the mountain



D) left the crash site together to try to contact help



D) the majority froze to death on the mountain



E) did not immediately reveal how they had managed to survive



E) few were willing to share the food they had in their possession



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



41



A KPSS-YD-CS / 2008 54. We understand from the passage that, in complex situations, if the news audience is merely presented with unexplained information, ----.



53. – 56. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. News reporters are not robots. They have normal feelings, ideas, sensitivities, opinions, perceptions, prejudices, attitudes, and reactions. Still, the news reporter’s task is to present information, not to pass judgement on it. Many stories, however, are all but useless without analysis and interpretation and at least some suggestion of significance. In situations involving complex trends and events, the facts cannot speak for themselves and the simple presentation of unexplained information may create problems rather than clarify them. In such circumstances, the reporter has to interpret a story with care, and in doing so, avoid giving personal judgements. In this delicate mission, the reporter ideally will quote authoritative sources, and attempt to give both or all sides of the story. It is inexcusable to omit or give only part of a legitimate point of view just because the reporter does not happen to agree with it. A good reporter – in Shakespeare’s phrase, “an honest chronicler” – must be fair-minded.



A) this may cause much confusion and misunderstanding B) purely objective reporting will have been achieved C) they will be able to find its significance for themselves D) the facts will speak for themselves E) they can form their opinion of the events



55. According to the passage, the most important characteristic of a good reporter is ----. A) being able to present all kinds of news without any comments or analysis B) having definite opinions about the news C) the ability to pass judgement on a piece of information D) the ability to be fair when reporting the news E) knowing what is newsworthy and reporting only those events



53. The passage mainly focuses on ----. A) the complexity of news stories



56. According to the author of the passage, it is wrong for reporters to ----.



B) the importance of remaining objective when reporting the news



A) make use of expert sources when reporting the news



C) the fact that reporters are not allowed to analyze news stories for their audience



B) present their news stories with prejudice



D) Shakespeare’s idea of a good reporter



C) present stories that require further analysis



E) ways for reporters to deal with sources



D) avoid expressing their own opinion on any news they report E) give both or all sides of a news story



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



42



A KPSS-YD-CS / 2008 58. We understand from the passage that some consumers buy hardback books because ----.



57. – 60. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Most books are published in two forms – hardback and paperback – the paperback edition being published and available for sale several weeks or months later than the hardback edition. The cost of producing a hardback book is only about 20% higher than the cost of producing the same book as a paperback, but the price of a hardback book is about three times the price of a paperback book. Why? The key to solving this puzzle is the fact that hardback books are published first, followed by the paperback edition. Booksellers use hardbacks and paperbacks to distinguish between two types of consumers: those who are willing to pay a lot and those who are willing to pay a little. The people who are willing to pay the most are eager to read the book as soon as it comes out, so they pay $24 for a hardback book. The people who are willing to pay less are more patient and are willing to wait a few months for the $8 paperback version. The pricing of hardback and paperback books is an example of price discrimination, in which certain people are prepared to pay a higher price for what they want.



A) they do not want to wait for the paperback edition to come out B) they think hardback books have better-quality materials C) booksellers use extensive advertising to sell them D) they have more money to spend E) their cost of production is not much higher than that of paperback books



59. We understand from the passage that the cost of producing a hardback book ----. A) is reflected in the sale price B) is constantly rising C) depends largely on its length D) exceeds that of a paperbook by 20% E) means that very few people can afford them



60. We can understand from the passage that consumers who are willing to wait before buying a product ----.



57. By the words “this puzzle” in the text, the author is referring to the fact that ----.



A) are willing to pay a lot of money for the product



A) paperback books are published later than hardback books



B) must generally settle for a lesser-quality product



B) booksellers charge the same price for paperback books as hardback books



C) may not be able to find the exact product they want to buy



C) the prices of hardback books are excessively high in relation to the cost of their production



D) will be able to choose from a greater selection of products



D) some people are willing to pay a higher price for their books



E) will usually have the chance to pay a lower price



E) there are basically two types of consumers



TEST BİTTİ. CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



43



KAMU PERSONEL SEÇME SINAVI (KPSS) LİSANS 28 HAZİRAN 2008



YABANCI DİL TESTİ İNGİLİZCE A KİTAPÇIĞI 1. D



21. E



41. B



2. E



22. C



42. E



3. B



23. B



43. D



4. C



24. D



44. C



5. E



25. A



45. B



6. A



26. C



46. A



7. D



27. D



47. B



8. E



28. B



48. C



9. B



29. E



49. E



10. A



30. D



50. D



11. C



31. A



51. E



12. D



32. C



52. C



13. C



33. E



53. B



14. E



34. D



54. A



15. A



35. A



55. D



16. D



36. D



56. B



17. E



37. C



57. C



18. B



38. A



58. A



19. A



39. D



59. D



20. C



40. A



60. E



A TUS İNG / NİSAN 2008 3. Parçada, minimal girişimli ve damar içinden yapılan yeni tedavi arayışlarının süreceği öngörüsü aşağıdakilerden hangisine dayandırılmıştır?



1. – 5. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Halen kullanılmakta olan teknolojilerin sınırlı olmasına



Although the capacity to surgically correct valvular heart disease through valvuloplasty had been established in the 1920s, the results had been discouraging. Diseased valves were frequently both incompetent and stenosed. Moreover, attempts to surgically decalcify valves either did not sufficiently relieve the stenosis or destroyed the leaflets. Valvereplacement surgery has dramatically altered the natural history of valvular heart disease, affecting the lives of millions of patients. Limitations of the current technology will continue to drive the field toward new, minimally invasive and endovascular approaches for valve delivery. Valves that have the capacity for growth and self-repair, especially suited to the treatment of congenital heart disease, may be within reach through the application of tissue-engineering strategies.



B) Komplikasyon oranlarındaki yüksekliğe C) İşlevsel bir yöntemin bulunmuş ama yaygınlaşmamış olmasına D) Kalp kapak hastalık sıklığının giderek artıyor olmasına E) Mevcut tedavi tekniklerinin kalp kapaklarına zarar veriyor olmasına



4. Parçaya göre, doğuştan kalp hastalıklarının tedavisi için uyumlu kapakların özellikle nasıl olmaları istenmektedir?



1. Parçada, kalp kapak hastalıkları ve hastalıklı kapakların cerrahi ile düzeltilmesiyle ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmemektedir? A) Sonuçlar hayal kırıklığı yaratmıştır.



A) Sentetik maddelerden imal edilmiş



B) Cerrahi girişimler kısa süreli de olsa belirtilerin azalmasında yeterli olmuştur.



B) Biyolojik yapıda C) Büyüme ve kendini onarma yetisine sahip



C) Hastalıklı kalp kapaklarının yetersiz ve daralmış olması sıklıkla karşılaşılan bir sonuçtur.



D) İleri teknolojik yöntemlerle üretilmiş E) Kalıcı işlevselliğe sahip



D) Cerrahi girişimler, kalp kapaklarını yeterince genişletmemiş ya da onlara zarar vermiştir. E) Kapak düzeltme cerrahileri 1920’li yıllarda uygulanmaya başlanmıştır.



5. Parçanın son cümlesinde geçen “through” sözcüğünün Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



2. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisinin milyonlarca kalp kapak hastasının yaşamını etkilediği söylenmektedir? A) Doku mühendisliği girişimlerinin



A) Sırasında



B) Açısından



B) Doğuştan kalp hastalıklarının ilaçlarla tedavisinin



C) Amacıyla



D) Yerine E) Yoluyla



C) Doğal süreçlerinde kalp hastalıklarındaki çarpıcı değişikliklerin D) Kapak değiştirme cerrahisinin E) Endoskopik kapak ameliyatlarının



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



1



A TUS İNG / NİSAN 2008 8. Parçada sözü edilen makaleye göre, Evre I hastalıkta aşağıdakilerden hangisinin tedavi edici yararı yoktur?



6. – 10. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Radyoterapinin



A new review paper highlights the importance of early presentation and diagnosis, showing that endometrial cancer confined to the uterus has an excellent prognosis, while survival rates for advanced disease are low. The paper concludes with a series of “practice points”, which include: “1. Surgery is the cornerstone of treatment for most women with endometrial cancer. 2. Laparoscopic surgery for endometrial cancer can reduce surgical morbidity, although evidence that long-term survival is equivalent to that of open surgery is awaited. 3. Systematic lymphadenectomy has no therapeutic benefit in clinical stage I disease. 4. Adjuvant radiotherapy significantly reduces rates of locoregional recurrence but does not improve survival. 5. Intensive combination chemotherapy currently provides only a small gain in survival of 3 months.” In addition, the author says, there is a need to find out if conservative management with progestogens can be effective in sparing fertility.



B) Kemoterapi ajanlarının C) Radikal cerrahinin D) Progestojen tedavisinin E) Lenfadenektominin



9. Parçada sözü edilen makalede, radyoterapinin aşağıdakilerden hangisini önemli şekilde azalttığı söylenmektedir? A) Yaşam süresini



6. Parçada, endometrium kanseri ile ilgili olarak yazılmış yeni bir makalede aşağıdakilerden hangisinin önemine dikkat çekildiği söylenmektedir?



B) Bölgesel nüks hızını



A) Erken başvurunun ve tanının



C) Lenfatik yayılımı



B) Hastalığın uterusa sınırlı oluşunun



D) Morbiditeyi



C) İleri hastalıkta yaşam oranının düşük olmasının



E) Mortaliteyi



D) Doğru tedavinin yaşam süresini uzatmasının E) Prognozun mükemmel olmasının



7. Parçada sözü edilen makalede, aşağıdakilerden hangisi endometrial kanserin laparoskopik cerrahisi ile ilgili olarak ulaşılan sonuçlardan biri olarak sayılmıştır?



10. Parçada sözü edilen makalede, progestojen ile ilgili olarak aşağıdaki konulardan hangisinin daha fazla araştırılması gerektiği vurgulanmıştır?



A) Tüm kadınlarda tedavinin temel taşıdır.



A) Organ koruyucu cerrahiyi tamamlaması



B) Çoğu kadında uygulanabilir.



B) Lokal radyoterapiden sonra kullanımı



C) Ameliyat kaynaklı morbidite oranını azaltabilir.



C) Kombine tedaviler içindeki yeri



D) Uzun dönemde sağladığı yaşam süresi açık cerrahi ile benzerdir.



D) Üreme işlevini korumadaki etkinliği E) Yaşam kalitesinin korunmasındaki rolü



E) İlk tercih olmalıdır.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



2



A TUS İNG / NİSAN 2008 13. Parçada sözü edilen gebe kadınların % 12.7 ile % 5’lik dilimlerindekilerin ortak özelliği aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



11. – 15. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Normal süresinde doğum



Researchers suggest that pregnant women with low cholesterol levels may be at increased risk for giving birth prematurely. They compared birth outcomes in 1,058 pregnant women with low cholesterol, at less than 159 mg/dl (n=118), or moderate cholesterol levels, at 159-261 mg/dl (n=940). Preterm delivery occurred in 12.7% of mothers with low cholesterol levels, compared with 5.0% of mothers with moderate cholesterol levels. Preterm infants born to mothers with low cholesterol levels weighed on average 150 g less than those born to mothers with moderate cholesterol levels. The investigators conclude: “Based on our initial findings, it appears that too little cholesterol may be as bad as too much cholesterol during pregnancy. The right amount of cholesterol is fundamental for good health especially during pregnancy, and it is critical for both the placenta and the developing baby, including the brain”. They add: “It is recommended that women of a childbearing age should know their cholesterol levels. At this point cholesterol is not screened for routinely in women before they become pregnant”.



B) Normal kolesterol düzeyi C) Düşük kolesterol düzeyi D) Erken doğum E) Orta düzeyde kolesterol değeri



14. Parçada, araştırmacıların ulaştıkları sonuçlar arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi sayılmamıştır? A) Gebe kalmadan önce kolesterol taraması rutindir. B) Gebelikte çok düşük kolesterol, çok yüksek kolesterol kadar sakıncalı olabilir.



11. Parçaya göre, araştırmacılar aşağıdakilerden hangisini ileri sürmektedir?



C) Yeterli kolesterol, özellikle gebelik süresince, sağlıklı olmak için çok önemlidir.



A) Düşük kolesterol düzeyi mutlak erken doğum nedenidir.



D) Yeterli kolesterol, plasenta ve büyüyen bebek için çok önemlidir.



B) Düşük kolesterol düzeyi olan gebe kadınlarda, erken doğum riski yüksek olabilir.



E) Üreme çağındaki kadınların kolesterol düzeylerini bilmeleri önerilir.



C) Erken doğum yapan gebe kadınlarda, kolesterol düşüklüğü riski daha yüksektir. D) Erken doğum yapan gebe kadınlarda, kolesterol düzeyleri düşüktür. E) Kolesterol düzeyleri gebelikte azalan kadınlarda, erken doğum riski artar.



15. Parçanın ikinci cümlesinde geçen “outcomes” sözcüğünün Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



12. Parçada sözü edilen 940 gebe kadından oluşan çalışma grubunda aşağıdakilerden hangisi görülmektedir? A) Normal süresinde doğum oranında azalma



A) Yöntemler



B) Karşılaştırmalar



B) Yüksek erken doğum oranı



C) Sonuçlar



D) Gelişmeler



E) Göstergeler



C) Düşük kolesterol düzeyleri D) Orta düzeyde kolesterol değerleri E) Yüksek kolesterol düzeyleri



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



3



A TUS İNG / NİSAN 2008 18. Parçada, sarkoidozun ince iğne aspirasyonu ile tanısıyla ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisine yer verilmemiştir?



16. – 20. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Sarkoidoz tanısının dışlanmasında değeri kesindir.



The diagnosis of sarcoidosis can be supported by biopsy of clinically involved extrathoracic sites, including skin lesions, conjunctiva, lacrimal glands, superficial lymph nodes, and liver. The sensitivity of fiberoptic bronchoscopy with transbronchial biopsy ranges from 60% to 90%; the yield with this modality increases as radiographic staging increases. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration detects noncaseating granulomas in 82% of patients who have sarcoidosis of stage I or II. However, a negative sample drawn by fine-needle aspiration must be interpreted cautiously because the amount of culture material provided by fine-needle aspiration is small; an examination of lymph node architecture is required to rule out other diseases. In cases in which the results of fiberoptic bronchoscopy are inconclusive, a surgical procedure – either mediastinoscopy or lung biopsy by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery – may be required to establish the diagnosis.



B) Endoskopik olarak ultrason rehberliğinde uygulanabilir. C) Evre I-II olgularının % 82’sinde granuloma tanısı konulabilir. D) Alınabilen kültür materyali tanı için yeterli boyutta olmayabilir. E) Lenf düğüm mimari yapısının incelenmesi, diğer hastalıkların ekartasyonu için gereklidir.



19. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisinde sonuçların dikkatli şekilde yorumlanması gerektiği belirtilmiştir? A) Lenf örneklemelerinde



16. Parçada, göğüs boşluğu dışındaki bölgeler hangi amaca yönelik olarak sayılmıştır?



B) Kazeöz değişikliklere uğramış granuloma tanısında



A) Ultrasonla taranacak odakların belirlenmesi için



C) Aspirasyon biyopsi sonucu negatif geldiğinde



B) Hastalığın en sık bulunduğu yerler olarak



D) Karaciğer gibi derin organ tutulumlarında



C) Hastalığın evresini belirlemek amacıyla



E) Gözyaşı bezi ve konjunktiva tutulumlarının tanısında



D) Cerrahi uygulanabilecek yerlerin belirlenmesi için E) Tanıyı desteklemek için biyopsi hedefleri olarak



20. Parçada, aşağıdaki durumlardan hangisinde tanı için mediastinoskopik cerrahi endikasyonu gerekebileceği söylenmektedir?



17. Parçada sözü edilen % 60-90 arasında değişen oranlar aşağıdakilerden hangisine aittir? A) Ultrason rehberliğinde ince iğne aspirasyon yönteminin tanı hassasiyetine



A) Torakoskopi başarısızlığında



B) Hastalığın birden fazla dokuda görülme sıklığına



B) Kesin olmayan fiberoptik bronkoskopi sonuçları alındığında



C) Hastalığın tedavisindeki başarıya



C) Transbronşiyal biyopsi ile sarkoidoz tanısı konulduğunda



D) Bronkoskopi ve biyopsi yönteminin tanı hassasiyetine



D) Radyografik evreleme yaygın hastalık gösterdiğinde



E) Radyoloji ile evrelemedeki doğruluğa



E) Komplikasyon ortaya çıktığında



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



4



A TUS İNG / NİSAN 2008 22. Parçada, iyileştirilebilir pankreas kanseri hasta oranını artırabilmek için aşağıdakilerden hangisine acilen gereksinim olduğu belirtilmektedir?



21. – 25. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Asemptomatik olgular için etkin bir tarama sisteminin geliştirilmesine



The prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer is extremely poor with less than 5% of patients alive 5 years after diagnosis. Of all the treatment modalities for pancreatic cancer, only resection offers the opportunity for a cure. However, at the time of diagnosis, approximately half of the patients already have metastases and approximately one third of patients are diagnosed as having locally advanced disease, whereas only a small proportion of patients are eligible for surgery. Most symptoms related to this malignancy occur only after disease advancement to unresectable stages and the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer remains challenging. To increase the proportion of pancreatic cancer patients with a chance of a cure, there is an urgent need to develop an effective screening system for asymptomatic individuals and to improve the diagnostic accuracy for pancreatic cancer in its early stage. Pancreatic cancer is a poor candidate for population-based screening because of its relatively low incidence, the lack of cost-effective or clinically proven screening tools, and the limited options for effective management, even with early tumours. For patients at high risk for pancreatic cancer, such as those with a familial syndrome, screening may have value, although the efficacy of screening has not been demonstrated. CA19-9, a serum tumour marker, may have value for following the therapeutic response of patients with pancreatic cancer. However, CA19-9 has not proved to be useful in screening, for three reasons: (1) approximately 10% to 15% of individuals do not secrete CA19-9; (2) the CA19-9 level may be within normal range in the early stage of pancreatic cancer; and (3) the CA19-9 level may be elevated in benign conditions such as chronic pancreatitis or acute cholangitis.



B) Erken evrede doğru tanı için yeni yöntemlerin icat edilmesine C) Daha etkili yeni medikal tedavi alternatiflerinin bulunmasına D) Cerrahi tedavi yöntemlerinin iyileştirilmesine E) Toplumun bilgilendirilmesine



23. Parçaya göre, aşağıdakilerden hangisi pankreas kanserinin toplum taraması için uygun bir hastalık olmama nedenlerinden biri değildir? A) Erken tümörlerde bile etkili yönetim seçeneklerinin sınırlı olması B) Görülme sıklığının nispeten düşük olması C) Maliyet-etkin bir tarama yönteminin bulunmaması D) Tedaviye genellikle iyi cevap alınamaması E) Klinik olarak değeri kanıtlanmış bir tarama yönteminin bulunmaması



24. Parçada, ailesel sendrom olguları için değeri olabileceği belirtilen aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Erken tanı ve etkin tedavi B) Tarama programları C) Tanıda serum CA19-9 düzeyleri D) Diğer aile bireylerinde erken tanı testleri E) Kronik pankreatit ayırıcı tanısı



21. Parçada, pankreas kanserinin prognostik verileri arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi sayılmamıştır? 25. Parçada, CA19-9 ile ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmemektedir?



A) Hastalığın tanısından 5 yıl sonra olguların % 5’ten azı hayatta kalmaktadır. B) Hastaların sadece üçte birinde cerrahi yapılabilir.



A) Tüm kanser türlerinde yüksek düzeylerde bulunabilir.



C) Hastalığın iyileşmesine sadece rezeksiyon bir fırsat oluşturabilir.



B) Kronik pankreatit ve akut kolanjit olgularında yüksek düzeylerde bulunabilir.



D) Tanı sırasında hastaların yaklaşık yarısında metastaz mevcuttur.



C) Pankreas kanseri olgularında tedaviye cevabı izlemek için kullanılabilir.



E) Belirtilerin çoğu ancak hastalığın rezeksiyon yapılamayacak evresinde ortaya çıkar.



D) Olguların % 10-15’i CA19-9 salgılamazlar. E) Erken evredeki pankreas kanseri olgularında normal sınırlar içinde bulunabilir. Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



5



A TUS İNG / NİSAN 2008 28. Aşağıdakilerden hangisi parçada sözü edilen çalışmanın özelliklerinden biri değildir?



26. – 30. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) 408 kadına tüp bebek uygulanmıştır. Pregnancy rates generally decrease as women age, a likely reflection of the increasing numbers of chromosomally abnormal embryos. In women of advanced maternal age who are undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF), pregnancy rates theoretically should increase if embryos are prescreened and only chromosomally normal embryos are transferred. In this study, 408 women (age range, 35-41) scheduled to undergo IVF were randomly assigned to standard IVF with or without preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) and were followed for three cycles. No more than two embryos were transferred during any one cycle. In both the PGS group and the control group, approximately one third of the participants discontinued treatment. Of 434 follicular aspirations with PGS, 48 resulted in ongoing pregnancies (11%). Of 402 aspirations with standard IVF, 66 resulted in ongoing pregnancies (16.4%). Results of an intentto-treat analysis showed that significantly fewer patients in the PGS group, compared with the control group, had ongoing pregnancies: 25% versus 37%.



B) Olguların bir kısmına PGS yapılırken diğerlerine yapılmamıştır. C) Siklus başına en az 2 embryo nakli yapılmıştır. D) Olgular 3 siklus süresince izlenmiştir. E) Olguların yaşları 35-41 aralığındadır.



29. Aşağıdakilerden hangisi parçada sözü edilen çalışmanın sonuçlarından biri değildir? A) PGS yapılmayanlarda 402 folikül aspire edilmiştir. B) PGS yapılanlarda 434 folikül aspire edilmiştir. C) PGS yapılanlarda devam eden gebelik oranı % 11’dir.



26. Parçaya göre, ilerleyen yaşla birlikte kadınlarda gebelik oranlarının düşmesi aşağıdakilerden hangisinin olası bir yansımasıdır?



D) Olguların yaklaşık üçte biri tedaviyi tamamlayabilmiştir.



A) Foliküllerin yaşlanmasının



E) PGS yapılmayanlarda devam eden gebelik oranı % 16.4’tür.



B) Oositlerin kromozom yapılarındaki bozulmanın C) Anormal kromozomlu embryo sayısındaki artışın D) Uterusun yaşlanmasının E) İmplantasyon defektlerinin



30. Parçaya göre, tedaviyi yarıda bırakan olgular da istatistik analize dahil edilip devam eden gebelik oranları dikkate alındığında, aşağıdaki sonuçlardan hangisine ulaşılmıştır?



27. Parçaya göre, ileri yaştaki kadınların IVF tedavilerinde aşağıdaki yaklaşımlardan hangisinin uygulanmasıyla gebelik hızları teorik olarak artırılabilir? A) Embryo naklinden önce ilaçlarla uterusun hazırlanması



A) Olgu sayıları yetersiz olduğundan değerlendirme yapılamamıştır.



B) Sadece normal kromozomlu oositlerden embryo oluşturulması



B) Her 2 grupta da eşit oranda başarı sağlanmıştır. C) PGS yapılanlarda başarı oranı önemli ölçüde daha yüksektir.



C) Hormonların uyarılması ile sağlıklı folikül gelişimi ve embryo naklinin sağlanması



D) Çalışmanın kurgulanma yöntemi karşılaştırmayı olanaksız kılmıştır.



D) Anormal embryoların kromozomları düzeltildikten sonra nakledilmesi



E) PGS yapılmayanlarda başarı oranı önemli ölçüde daha yüksektir.



E) Sadece normal kromozomlu embryoların seçilerek nakledilmesi



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



6



A TUS İNG / NİSAN 2008 33. Parçada, mevcut literatüre göre trombofili tarama endikasyonları arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi sayılmamıştır?



31. – 35. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Aile öyküsünde pıhtılaşma bozukluğu bulunması



Data on baseline prevalence of all thrombophilia types exist for adults, but less is known about risk for thrombosis in adolescents. Given the increased use of oral contraceptives (OCP’s) among adolescents (for a host of conditions ranging from acne to menstrual management) and their association with risk for thrombophilic events, information about family history of thrombophilic events is important. In a retrospective chart review, researchers evaluated the accuracy of family history of early cardiovascular disease (myocardial infarction or cerebrovascular accident before age 55) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) in predicting a positive thrombophilia screen. The authors suggest that thrombophilia screening is warranted before oral contraceptives are administered to adolescents with family history risk factors. Current literature supports thrombophilia screening for individuals who have had an unexplained thromboembolic event before age 45, family history of clotting disorders, multiple miscarriages, or stillbirths. However, no recommendation exists for screening based on family history alone. The results of the current study suggest that a family history of blood clots is a better predictor of thrombophilia in adolescents than a family history of cardiovascular disease.



B) 45 yaşından önce, nedeni açıklanamayan tromboembolik olay öyküsü C) Aile öyküsünde kalp damar hastalığı varlığı D) Çok sayıda düşük yapmış olmak E) Ölü doğum yapmış olmak



34. Parçada sözü edilen çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, aşağıdakilerden hangisi ergenlerin trombofili öngörüsünde daha iyi bir göstergedir? A) Ailede tekrarlayan düşük ve ölü doğum öyküsü B) Ailede kalp damar hastalığı öyküsü



31. Parçada, trombofili tiplerinin prevalans verilerinin aşağıdaki gruplardan hangisinde eksik olduğu belirtilmektedir?



C) OCP kullanımı D) Kalp hastalığı



A) Ergenlerde



E) Ailede pıhtılaşma bozuklukları öyküsü



B) Doğum kontrol hapı kullananlarda C) Erişkinlerde D) Kalp damar hastalarında E) Venöz tromboemboli geçirenlerde



32. Parçada, OCP’lerle ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisinin önemi vurgulanmıştır?



35. Parçanın üçüncü cümlesinde geçen “accuracy” sözcüğünün Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



A) OCP’lerin akneden menstrüel düzenlemeye kadar pek çok nedenle reçetelenmesinin B) Aile öyküsünde trombofili varlığının C) OCP kullanımı ile artan trombofili riski ilişkisinin



A) Farklılık



B) Doğruluk



C) Azalma



D) İlerleme E) Düzensizlik



D) OCP’lerin giderek ergenler tarafından daha çok kullanılmasının E) Erişkinlerde giderek artan tromboz sıklığının



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



7



A TUS İNG / NİSAN 2008 38. Parçada, hormon tedavisinin aşağıdakilerden hangisini önlemek amacıyla kullanılmaması gerektiği belirtilmektedir?



36. – 40. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) İnmenin tekrarlamasını



Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, and is the third leading cause of death in women. There are data to suggest that stroke outcomes are worse in women than in men. Among the traditional risk factors for stroke (smoking, hypertension, diabetes, obesity and age), age is the most consistent risk factor, and the potential risk of using hormonal preparations remains controversial. Hormone therapy does not prevent stroke recurrence, and should not be used for this purpose, or in women who have a high-risk cardiovascular status. Data from clinical trials are fairly consistent in showing a small but statistically significant increase in ischemic stroke risk with standard doses of estrogen as well as with estrogen/progestogen. However, there is no evidence that this risk pertains to women in the age range of 50-59 years, where the prevalence of stroke is already low. Recent observational trials do not show any increase in the risk of ischemic stroke, except in hypertensive women. Subgroup analyses suggest the risk is lowered with earlier initiation and younger age at the time of therapy, the use of a lower estrogen dose, and the use of unopposed estrogen in nonhypertensive women.



B) İskemik kalp hastalığını C) Hipertansiyon atağını D) Diyabet komasını E) Venöz tromboemboliyi



39. Parçaya göre, aşağıdakilerden hangisi hormon tedavisi ile iskemik inme riski ilişkisi bağlamında, klinik çalışma verileri arasında değildir? A) Östrojen ile kombine progestojen kullanımı ile risk artar. B) Küçük bir risk artışı vardır. C) Risk artışı 50-59 yaş aralığındaki kadınlarda da saptanmıştır.



36. Aşağıdakilerden hangisi parçada sözü edilen inmenin özelliklerinden biri değildir?



D) Tek başına östrojen kullanımı ile risk artar.



A) Prevalansı 50-59 yaş grubu kadınlarda düşüktür.



E) Riskteki artış istatistiksel olarak önemlidir.



B) Önde gelen bir morbidite nedenidir. C) İnme geçiren kadınlarda prognozun erkeklerden daha kötü olduğu iddia edilmektedir. D) Genel olarak toplumda üçüncü en sık ölüm nedenidir. E) Geleneksel risk faktörlerinden biri sigara kullanımıdır.



40. Parçaya göre, yakın geçmişteki gözlemsel çalışmalarda aşağıdaki hangi durumda hormon tedavisi ile iskemik inme riskinde azalma görülmemektedir?



37. Parçada, inme ile ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisinin en tutarlı risk faktörü olduğu belirtilmektedir?



A) Progestojen ile karşılanmayan tek başına östrojen verilmesi



A) Yaş



B) Hipertansif kadınlara hormon verilmesi



B) Hormon kullanımı C) Şişmanlık



C) Daha genç yaşlarda hormon tedavisine başlanması



D) Hipertansiyon



D) Düşük dozda östrojen kullanılması



E) Diyabet



E) Hormona erken menopozal dönemde başlanması



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



8



A TUS İNG / NİSAN 2008 43. Parçada, sağlık hizmeti verenlere karşı açılan davaların çoğunun aşağıdaki genel hukuk kurallarından hangisi gözetilerek yürütüldüğü belirtilmektedir?



41. – 45. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Both the practice of medicine and the accepted standards of practice have changed rapidly in recent years. This is due in part to scientific advances, the increasing influence of third party payers, the introduction of new government regulations concerning the organization and financing of medical care, and changes in societal expectations for medicine. Unfortunately, even minor deviations from accepted standards of care have the potential to result in adverse legal judgements. Thus, physicians must continually incorporate medical advances into current practice while remaining cognizant of new legal concepts of potential liability. Most malpractice claims proceed under rules of common law, the body of legal judicial opinion derived from precedent cases rather than statutory or legislative rules. The strength of common law is its ability to adapt its rulings and interpretations to the changes in society, including advances in medical science. As we are well aware as clinicians, our scientific knowledge is still incomplete, and biologic limitations, the inevitable problems caused by human error, and the uncertainties inherent in all clinical diagnoses and in therapy are not going to disappear. Thus the continuation of the complex, interdependent, and contentious relationship between the law and medicine is assured.



A) Bilirkişi raporuna göre yargıcın kanaati B) Önceki benzer davalarda verilmiş kararlardan edinilmiş yasal kanaat C) Kanunlarda iddia edilen suça karşılık gelen ceza maddeleri D) Uluslararası hukuk ilkeleri E) Kanun koyucunun yaptığı yasaların gerekçeleri



44. Parçaya göre, tıbbi davalarda esas alınan genel hukuk, gücünü aşağıdakilerden hangisinden alır? A) Kurallarını ve yorumlarını toplumdaki değişikliklere göre uyarlama yetisinden B) Tıp bilimindeki gelişmelere göre yasama erkinin kuralları değiştirmesinden



41. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisi tıbbi uygulamalarda ve standartlarda son yıllarda görülen hızlı değişimin bir nedeni olarak gösterilmektedir?



C) Kanunların hekimlerin lehine yorumlanabilmesinden D) İyi niyet esasına göre tarafların uzlaştırılmasına yönelik olmasından



A) Yeni gelen hükümetlerin yasalara uymamaları B) Bilim alanındaki kısmi gelişmeler



E) Yargıcın ve jürinin kişisel ve yansız kararına saygılı olmasından



C) Ödeme yapan üçüncü kişilerin artan etkileri D) Tıbbi hizmet kuruluş ve finansmanındaki karmaşık yönetim planları E) Toplumun giderek artan beklentileri



42. Parçada, olumsuz yargı kararları ile sonuçlanma riski taşıdığı belirtilen durum aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



45. Parçaya göre, aşağıdakilerden hangisi yasalar ile tıp bilimi arasındaki karmaşık ilişkinin sürecek olmasının nedenlerinden biri değildir?



A) Hızla değişen tıbbi gelişmelerin günlük uygulamalara yeterince yansıtılamaması



A) Tedavideki belirsizliklerin devam etmesi



B) Sürekli değişen yasalara ayak uydurulamaması



B) Tıp alanındaki uzmanların bilimsel bilgilerinin hâlâ eksik olması



C) Toplumun sürekli artan beklentilerinin sağlık sektörünce karşılanamaması



C) İnsan hatalarının önlenememesi



D) Sunulan tıbbi bakımın beklenen standartlardan sapması



D) Tüm klinik tanılardaki belirsizliklerin devam etmesi



E) Kanunları bilmemenin hekimleri sorumluluktan kurtarmayacağının hekimlerce bilinmemesi



E) Yasaların tıbbi gelişmelere ayak uyduramaması



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



9



A TUS İNG / NİSAN 2008 48. Parçada, şizofreni ile ilgili faktörler arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisinden söz edilmemiştir?



46. – 50. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Genetik Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder characterized in its acute phase by delusions, hallucinations, incoherent speech, catatonia, or flat affect. Generally, the level of the individual’s function declines, with withdrawal and social isolation. The onset is usually during adolescence or young adulthood. Genetic as well as environmental and psychologic factors are involved. The disease is considered to have an organic basis with biochemical abnormalities, and drug treatment is usually with neuroleptic antipsychotics. A psychiatric referral is indicated. Suicidal risk should be assessed. Schizophrenic women may have exacerbations during pregnancy and the puerperium and should be carefully monitored. Symptoms in pregnancy often relate to gestational age, bodily changes and foetal movements.



B) Psikolojik C) Çevresel D) Biyokimyasal E) Hormonal



49. Parçada, şizofren kadınların gebelik dönemleriyle ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmemektedir? A) Hastalık gebelik ve lohusalık sürecinde ataklar gösterebilir. B) Hastalar gebelik ve lohusalık dönemlerinde yakından izlenmelidirler.



46. Parçada, şizofreninin akut faz özellikleri arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi sayılmamıştır?



C) Gebe kadının yaşı belirtilerle bağlantılıdır.



A) Kuruntu ve hezeyan B) Asılsız ve hayali düşünceler



D) Belirtiler gebeliğe özgü vücut değişiklikleriyle bağlantılıdır.



C) Anlamsız ve tutarsız konuşmalar



E) Belirtiler fetal hareketlerle bağlantılıdır.



D) Saldırgan tutum E) Dış ortamla ilişkinin kesilmesi



47. Parçada, şizofreninin genel belirtileri ve başlangıcıyla ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmemektedir?



50. Parçanın yedinci cümlesinde geçen “should be assessed” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



A) İçe kapanıklık gözlenir.



A) Değerlendirilmelidir



B) Hasta temel ihtiyaçlarını yerine getiremez.



B) Varsayılmalıdır



C) Sosyal tecrit durumu görülür.



C) Belirtilmelidir



D) Genellikle genç erişkinlik döneminde başlar.



D) Gösterilmelidir



E) Başlangıcı genellikle ergenlik dönemine rastlar.



E) Söz konusu edilmelidir



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



10



A TUS İNG / NİSAN 2008 53. Parçada, kronik akciğer hastalığının nasıl bir oluşum şekli olduğundan söz edilmektedir?



51. – 55. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Çeşitlilik gösteren Effective early management of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) has resulted in the survival of an increasing number of very low birth weight infants. However, chronic lung disease (CLD) remains a significant problem among these low birth weight survivors. Infants with CLD are at greater risk for pulmonary compromise in childhood, rehospitalization, neurodevelopmental delay, and late mortality. The care of infants with CLD is costlier than that of premature infants without pulmonary compromise. The pathogenesis of CLD involves a cycle of lung injury, repair, and fibrosis. Lung injury occurs in susceptible infants exposed to mechanical ventilation and supplemental oxygen. Factors including excess fluid administration, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), infection, and genetic predisposition may further increase the risk of developing CLD. In cases of established CLD, treatment with bronchodilators and diuretics is common. Corticosteroids are widely used to prevent and treat CLD. Corticosteroid therapy may decrease lung injury through a variety of mechanisms, including stabilization of cellular or Iysosomal membranes, decreasing inflammatory response, and decreasing pulmonary edema.



B) Değişken C) Ağır ilerleyen D) Dikkat çekici E) Döngüsel



54. Parçada, kronik akciğer hastalığı gelişme riskini artıran faktörler arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi sayılmamıştır? A) Gelişme geriliği B) PDA C) Enfeksiyon D) Genetik yatkınlık E) Aşırı sıvı verilmesi



51. Parçada, solunum güçlüğü sendromunun etkili erken yönetiminin aşağıdakilerin hangisiyle sonuçlandığı belirtilmektedir? A) Prematüre bebeklerin bakım giderlerinin azalmasıyla B) Akciğerle ilgili dokuların hızla yenilenmesiyle C) Giderek artan sayıda, çok düşük doğum ağırlığına sahip bebeklerin sağ kalmasıyla D) Fibröz doku oluşumun engellenmesiyle E) Kronik akciğer hastalığının önlenmesiyle



55. Parçaya göre, aşağıdakilerden hangisinin akciğer ödemini azaltabileceğinden söz edilmektedir?



52. Parçaya göre, hangi bebeklerin bakımı daha pahalıdır?



A) Bronş genişleticilerin kullanımının



A) Düşük doğum ağırlıklı



B) Oksijen verilmesinin



B) Kronik akciğer hastalığı olan



C) Yangının engellenmesinin



C) Erken doğan



D) Kortikosteroidlerin kullanımının



D) Kalıtsal hastalıklı



E) Diüretiklerle tedavinin



E) Sinir sistemi gelişimi geciken



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



11



A TUS İNG / NİSAN 2008 58. Parçada, cerrahın ameliyat sonrası genellikle hangi sorunla karşılaşacağından söz edilmektedir?



56. – 60. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. The surgical treatment of congenital choanal atresia is one of the more challenging endeavors within the realm of pediatric otolaryngology. The atresia itself may be classified as bony, mixed bony and membranous, or only membranous, although the latter may be rare. There are numerous methods for correcting this condition, but the current most commonly used methods are the transpalatal approach, the transseptal approach, and the endoscopic transnasal approach. Factors that influence the type of approach selected and its subsequent success include the age of the patient, the size of the nasopharynx, the thickness of the atresia, bilateral vs unilateral atresia, the use of postoperative stenting, the surgeon’s preference of approach, and the presence of other anomalies such as found in the CHARGE association (a malformative syndrome that includes coloboma, hearing deficit, choanal atresia, retardation of growth, genital defects, and endocardial cushion defect). Once the atresia is surgically corrected, the surgeon is often faced with the problem of restenosis.



A) Kanama B) Kulak tıkanıklığı C) Akıntı D) Kemik büyümesi E) Yeniden daralma



59. Parçanın ikinci cümlesinde geçen “the latter” ifadesi aşağıdakilerden hangisinin yerine kullanılmıştır? A) Burun tıkanıklığı B) Burun akıntısı C) Membranöz atrezi D) Solunum güçlüğü



56. Parçaya göre, aşağıdakilerden hangisinin düzeltilmesi için çok sayıda yöntem vardır?



E) Burun kemiğinde eğrilik



A) Doğumsal kalp yetmezliklerinin B) Atrezinin C) Büyüme geriliğinin D) İşitme güçlüğünün E) Cinsel organ şekil bozukluklarının



57. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisi tedavi yönteminin seçimini etkileyen faktörler arasında sayılmamıştır?



60. Parçanın üçüncü cümlesinde geçen “commonly” sözcüğünün Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



A) Atrezinin kalınlığı



A) Yaygın olarak



B) Hastanın yaşı



B) Doğru şekilde



C) Nazofarenksin boyutu



C) Uygun biçimde



D) Atrezinin tek veya çift taraflı olması



D) Dolaylı olarak



E) Tıkanmanın derecesi



E) Farklı şekilde



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



12



A TUS İNG / NİSAN 2008 63. Parçada sözü edilen çalışma mikroalbuminüri artışı ile aşağıdakilerden hangisinin ilişkisini saptamayı amaçlamaktadır?



61. – 65. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Surgical trauma is associated with neuroendocrine and metabolic responses and also with a systemic inflammatory response, which at the endothelial level gives rise to increased capillary permeability. This rise, not easily identified in clinical practice, may be of value in decision-making for surgical patients. The level of microalbuminuria is commonly used in adults and children to detect incipient diabetic nephropathy; it also occurs in hypertension and is linked to cardiovascular complications. Because microalbuminuria reflects the glomerular component of the systemic capillary leak, it is also a recognized marker of systemic inflammation and increases in adult patients as a response to trauma and surgery and in association with several acute diseases characterized by multiple organ involvement, such as pancreatitis, myocardial infarction, burns, and anaphylaxis. A rise in urinary albumin is observed in childhood meningitis. No data exist regarding surgical trauma in childhood. A group of pediatric patients are studied in order to determine whether microalbuminuria increases as a result of surgery, and to identify its relationship to severity of surgical stress.



A) Ameliyat stresinin ciddiyetinin B) Menenjitin şiddetinin C) Travmanın şeklinin D) Enfeksiyonun oluştuğu bölgenin E) Korkunun şiddetinin



64. Parçanın ilk cümlesinde geçen “gives rise” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Çoğaltır



B) Yol açar



C) Geliştirir



D) Hızlandırır E) Başlatır



61. Parçada, cerrahi hastalarla ilgili olarak verilecek kararlarda aşağıdakilerden hangisinin önemine işaret edilmektedir? A) Metabolik hızın saptanmasının B) Endotel hücrelerinin değerlendirilmesinin C) Enflamasyonun belirlenmesinin D) Diyabet bulgularının olmamasının E) Kılcal damar geçirgenliğindeki artışın



65. Parçanın altıncı cümlesinde geçen “regarding” sözcüğünün Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



62. Parçada, organları etkileyen akut hastalıklar arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi sayılmamıştır? A) Pankreatit B) Yanıklar C) Anaflaksi



A) Düşünülürse



B) Ek olarak



C) İle ilgili



D) İle benzer E) Sonucunda



D) Diyabet E) Miyokardiyal enfarktüs



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



13



A TUS İNG / NİSAN 2008 68. Parçada, sodyum ve kalsiyum kanal proteinleriyle ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmemektedir?



66. – 70. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Traditional local anaesthetics (LAs) block voltagegated sodium channels (NaChs) and inhibit the propagation of action potentials in excitable membranes. Voltage-gated NaChs are the main target of LAs. LAs are known to block nerve, skeletal, muscle, and cardiac muscle NaChs, which are primarily responsible for excitability of their respective tissue. LA potency, as Na+ channel blockers, is governed by channel state, with open and inactivated states being favoured over resting states. Voltagedependent conformational changes of the LA binding site can explain the changes of LA affinity between resting, open, and inactivated states. There are structural similarities between voltage-gated sodium and calcium channel proteins, even though these two channels differ strongly in their ion selectivity. The homologous domains of the α-subunit of NaChs can be aligned with 32-37% sequence identity with that of the L-type calcium channels. Both α-subunits form a fourfold pseudosymmetry with four repeated domains, each with six transmembrane segments. There are drugs that can block both calcium channels and NaChs. It has been reported that there is a correlation between the potencies of calcium channel blockers in preventing neurotoxicity induced by some drugs in brain neuronal cultures and their binding affinity for [H3]batrachotoxinin-B binding sites. This raises a possibility that some calcium channel blockers may block Na+ channels with a high affinity.



A) Her ikisini de etkileyen ilaçlar vardır. B) İyon seçicilik açısından benzer davranış gösterirler. C) Yapısal benzerlikleri vardır. D) Alfa alt birimleri membranı altı kez kat eder. E) Alfa alt birimlerinde % 32-37 oranında benzerlik bulunur.



69. Parçada, ortaya çıkabileceğinden sözü edilen olasılık aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Beyin hücresi kültürlerinde lokal anestetiklerin bağlanma bölgelerinin anlaşılması B) Kalsiyum kanallarının açık olduğunda etkilenmesi C) Bazı ilaçların sinir sistemine toksik etkide bulunması D) Lokal anestetiklerin inaktif kanallara ilgisinin oluşması E) Bazı kalsiyum kanal blokerlerinin sodyum kanallarını etkilemesi



66. Parçada, hangi özellikteki lokal anestetiklerden söz edilmektedir? A) Güçlü etki gösterenlerden B) Geleneksel olanlardan C) Denenme sürecinde olanlardan D) Yaygın olarak kullanılanlardan E) Birlikte kullanılabilenlerden



70. Parçanın dördüncü cümlesinde geçen “being favoured over” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



67. Parçaya göre, lokal anestetiklerin başlıca hedefi aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



A) Üzerinde bulunan



A) Voltaj kapılı sodyum kanalları



B) Daha etkin olan



B) L-tipi kalsiyum kanalları



C) Tercih edilen



C) İskelet kası



D) Yarışan



D) Kalp dokusu



E) Seçicilik gösteren



E) Sinir hücreleri



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



14



A TUS İNG / NİSAN 2008 73. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisinin bölgesel veya sistemik tepkimeye neden olmadığı söylenmektedir?



71. – 75. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Prosthetic devices, used in modern medicine, are normally selected on the basis of their high biocompatibility, but they can sometimes represent a source of illness. Polyethylene and allumina, materials used for ankle joint prostheses, wear and release debris that may cause “sinus histiocytosis” in regional lymph nodes. Lymphatic migration of orthopedic wear debris from ankle joint prosthesis to regional and distant lymph nodes is a frequent finding in surgery despite poor or absent clinical manifestations, but several cases of symptomatic systemic foreign-body granulomatosis have been described. A Dacron prosthetic ligament implanted in the knee has been reported to produce a systemic giant-cell granulomatosis, associated with fever and symptoms of inflammation that disappear after removal of the prosthesis. Systemic foreign-body reactions with severe functional impairment of target organs are frequently observed in drug addicts and in patients exposed to occupational pollutants. In particular, silica exposure plays a major epidemiological role as a source of lung disease and of extrapulmonary silicosis. Although dental technicians exposed to inhalation of dusts and chemicals (i.e., silicate, asbestos, beryllium, aluminum), because of polishing and grinding prosthetic devices, might present various types of pneumoconiosis and foreign-body lung granulomatosis, no local or systemic reactions have been reported in patients with porcelain denture teeth.



A) Asbest



B) Berilyum



C) Polietilen



D) Silikon E) Porselen



74. Parçanın ilk cümlesinde geçen “on the basis of” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Koşuluna göre B) Örnek alınarak C) Temel alınarak D) Dahil edilerek E) Karşılığı olarak



71. Parçada, aşağıdaki maddelerden hangisinin ateşe neden olduğu belirtilmektedir? A) Alüminyum



B) Dakron



C) Polietilen



D) Silikat E) Silikon



75. Parçanın altıncı cümlesinde geçen “In particular” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



72. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisinde hedef organlarda ciddi işlev kaybına neden olan sistemik yabancı cisim tepkimesinin görüldüğünden söz edilmektedir? A) İlaç bağımlılarında B) Diş hekimlerinde



A) Kesinlikle



B) Kısmen



C) Öncelikle



D) Özellikle E) Başlıca



C) Silikon protez uygulananlarda D) Polietilen ile çalışanlarda E) Uzun süre alüminyuma maruz kalanlarda



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



15



A TUS İNG / NİSAN 2008 78. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisinin günümüzde tedavi sonuçlarıyla ilgili başarı ölçütleri arasına alınmasının gerekliliğinden söz edilmektedir?



76. – 80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Severe bacterial peritonitis following perforation or anastomotic disruption of the digestive tract and infected necrotizing pancreatitis continues to be associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Because of this high mortality, aggressive surgical treatment strategies, such as open management of the abdomen followed by scheduled re-operations, have been advocated. Treatment strategies such as open management of the abdomen are very expensive given the length of intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stay and the intensity of care required. Until recently, results of treatment strategies were determined only in terms of death, disability, or cure. Nowadays, a need for critical assessment of outcome with respect to the financial resources is required for successful management. Remarkably, little attention has been given to other means of determining the effects of surgical treatment strategies. Little data exist as to whether patients achieve a satisfactory quality of life after surgery for fulminant bacterial peritonitis and infected necrotizing pancreatitits. Several methods have been developed to assess quality of life.



A) Sakatlığın B) Maddi kaynakların C) Hastanede kalınan sürenin D) Ölümün E) Yoğun bakım süresinin



79. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisinin değerlendirilmesinde kullanılmak üzere birçok yöntem geliştirildiği söylenmektedir? A) Yaşam kalitesinin B) Ameliyat korkusunun C) Hastahane enfeksiyonunun



76. Aşağıdakilerden hangisi parçada sözü edilen agresif cerrahi yaklaşımların savunulma nedenidir?



D) Cerrahi yaklaşımların E) Peritonitin etkilerinin



A) Kesin tedaviyi sağlamaları B) Sindirim kanalında delinme olması C) Anastomozlar oluşması D) Enfeksiyon olasılığını azaltmaları E) Yüksek ölüm oranı



77. Parçada, açık karın ameliyatlarıyla ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmektedir?



80. Parçanın ilk cümlesinde geçen “associated with” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



A) Uzmanlık gerektirir. B) Bakteriyel peritonitte nadiren uygulanır.



A) İçin gerekli



B) İçin yararlı



C) Çok pahalı bir tedavi yöntemidir.



C) İle ilişkili



D) İle birlikte



E) Üzerinde etkili



D) En kesin tedavi şeklidir. E) Ameliyat sonrası bakım zordur.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



16



A TUS İNG / NİSAN 2008 83. Parçaya göre, gastroözefageal reflünün özofageal fermentasyondan ayırt edici özelliği aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



81. – 85. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. The best therapy for achalasia remains controversial. The introduction of thoracoscopy and laparoscopy to perform the esophagomyotomy, which formerly required either thoracotomy or laparotomy, has markedly reduced the morbidity of esophagomyotomy. Nevertheless, surgeons differ as to whether esophagomyotomy is best performed via laparoscopy or thoracoscopy and whether an antireflux procedure should be added to reduce the risk of pathologic gastroesophageal reflux (GER). Investigators have reported that postoperative 24hour pH studies demonstrate reflux in 8% to 60% of patients. These studies included relatively few patients and are difficult to interpret since only a few examine acid-reflux patterns in patients before surgical therapy. Further complicating this deficiency is that pH studies are scored by computer algorithms that only recognize numbers and duration of pH episodes less than 4. They do not differentiate the sharp drops in pH that are characteristic of GER from the slow drops in pH that are characteristic of esophageal fermentation.



A) pH’taki ani düşüşler B) Uzun süren pH değişimleri C) Asit oluşumu D) Yemek borusu yaraları E) pH’nın dörde yükselmesi



84. Parçanın ilk cümlesinde geçen “controversial” sözcüğünün Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



81. Parçada, cerrahların hangi konuda fikir ayrılığında olduğu söylenmektedir?



A) Uygulanamaz



B) Önemsiz



C) Çözümsüz



D) Tartışmalı E) Yüzeysel



A) Laporoskopinin reflüye neden olup olmayacağı B) Laporotominin laporoskopiye tercihi C) Gastroözefageal patolojik reflünün tedavisi D) Torakotominin gerekli olup olmadığı E) Özofagomiyotominin en iyi uygulama şekli



82. Parçada sözü edilen ameliyat sonrasına ait çalışmaların yorumlanmasının güçlüğü aşağıdakilerden hangisinden kaynaklanmaktadır?



85. Parçanın ikinci cümlesinde geçen “has markedly reduced” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



A) Ameliyat öncesi pH değerlerinin bilinmemesi



A) Giderek zayıflattı



B) Hasta sayısının azlığı



B) Şiddetle baskıladı



C) Sonuçların bilgisayarla değerlendirilemiyor olması



C) Belirgin biçimde azalttı



D) Cerrahi uygulamaların çeşitliliği



D) Başarıyla etkiledi E) Aşamalı olarak hafifletti



E) pH değerlerinin karşılaştırılmamış olması



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



17



A TUS İNG / NİSAN 2008 88. Parçaya göre, metaplaziden yüksek dereceli displaziye geçiş için risk faktörlerinin saptanmasına olanak verebilecek olan tanı aşağıdakilerden hangisini temel almaktadır?



86. – 90. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. The diagnosis of Barrett’s metaplasia (BE) involves periodic surveillance endoscopy with biopsy; if progression to high-grade dysplasia occurs, surgical resection is generally recommended. There is considerable interobserver variation in histopathologic diagnosis, even among experts in the field, which is compounded by the significant sampling variation inherent in biopsy of a macroscopic field of at-risk mucosa. Objective diagnosis and classification of Barrett’s dysplasia based on molecular characteristics offers the potential to contribute to a more consistent diagnosis of high-grade dysplasia, and perhaps to determine risk factors for progression from simple BE. In esophageal cancer, loss of heterozygosity of tumour suppressor genes such as p53, the adenomatous polyposis coli gene (APC), the gene deleted in colon cancer (DCC), and MTS1 have been reported in numerous previous studies. Additionally, alterations in other genes such as MXI1 (MAX interacting protein) and human OGG1 have been implicated in other epithelia cell malignancies. Since adenocarcinoma of the esophagus evolves from dysplastic cells in BE, it is likely that progression from metaplasia to cancer follows a predictable and quantifiable pattern of acquisition of genetic alterations.



A) Hücreleri seçmeyi B) Gen tedavisini C) Mikroskop ile elde edilen verileri D) Moleküler özellikleri E) Biyopsi alınmasını



89. Aşağıdakilerden hangisinin özofagus kanserinde heterozigosite kaybına uğradığından söz edilmemektedir? A) p53



B) MTS1 D) APC



C) DCC



E) MXI1



86. Parçada, yüksek dereceli displaziye geçiş durumunda genellikle önerildiğinden söz edilen aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Cerrahi B) Moleküler tanı C) Histolojik incelemeler D) Risk faktörlerinin saptanması E) Endoskopi



87. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisinde kayda değer bir farklılık olduğu söylenmektedir?



90. Parçaya göre, metaplaziden kansere geçiş nasıl bir yol izleyebilir? A) Önceden kestirilebilen ve ölçülebilen



A) Sınıflandırmada



B) Çok basamaklı ve hızlı



B) Mikroskopik tanıda



C) Saptanabilen ve gelişen



C) Alınan örneklerde



D) Çok yönlü ve biriken



D) Genetik özelliklerde



E) Değişken ve yavaş ilerleyen



E) Tanı ölçütlerinde



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



18



A TUS İNG / NİSAN 2008 93. Parçada, sterotaktik cerrahinin nasıl tanımlanmış olduğu söylenmektedir?



91. – 95. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. The most common eye conserving way of treating posterior uveal melanoma is by radiotherapy. This is usually delivered by means of episcleral radioactive plaques. Cobalt-60, ruthenium-106, and iodine-125 are the radioactive materials most commonly used. Other methods of radiotherapy of posterior uveal melanoma include teletherapy using charged particles of proton and helium ion beams; recently, stereotactic radiosurgery using the Leksell gamma knife has been described as being efficient. After radiotherapy, most uveal melanomas show significant reduction in size, although complete disapperance is not common. Histological evaluation of residual tumours have demonstrated that most of the tumours harbour viable melanoma cells, and some of these cells show proliferating activity using immunohistochemical markers.



A) Yararlı



B) Kapsamlı



C) Gerekli



D) Yeni E) Verimli



94. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisinin sıklıkla görülmediğinden söz edilmektedir? A) Radyoaktif maddelerin etkisinin B) Bazı hücrelerde çoğalma etkinliğinin 91. Parçada, radyoterapinin posterior uveal melanoma için nasıl bir tedavi yolu olduğundan söz edilmektedir?



C) Bazı tümörlerde küçülmenin D) Canlı hücrelerin sayısında azalmanın



A) Tercih edilen



E) Uveal melanomların tamamen yok olmasının



B) En kolay C) Gözü koruyucu D) Gelişmekte olan E) Etkili



92. Parçada, iyot 125 ile ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisinden söz edilmektedir?



95. Parçanın ikinci cümlesinde geçen “by means of” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



A) Tedavide en yaygın olarak kullanılan radyoaktif maddelerden biri olduğu B) Etkisinin melanoma hücreleriyle sınırlı olduğu C) Kullanılmasının uzmanlık gerektirdiği



A) İçinden



B) Aracılığıyla



C) Yanından



D) Etkisiyle E) Şeklinde



D) Tümörleri tamamen yok ettiği E) Yan etkilerinin göz ardı edildiği



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



19



A TUS İNG / NİSAN 2008 98. Parçada, anesteziyle ilgili olarak son 20 yılda geliştiğinden söz edilen aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



96. – 100. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Uygulamalı çalışmalar



The randomized clinical trial is the highest level of evidence available for evaluating new therapies. However, serious deficiencies in study design and data analysis have been reported in reviews of clinical trials in medical and surgical journals. These deficiencies in study design introduce an element of bias into the trial results, which may lead to exaggerated treatment effects. To address these deficiencies in study design and preclude misleading results, criteria for excellence in randomized clinical trials have been published. Despite these publications, the quality of clinical trials in virtually all contexts that have been assessed has not improved substantively. With the ever-increasing dependency of new interventions in anaesthesia on evidencedbased outcome trials, it is hypothesized that the quality of trials in the anaesthesia literature has improved in the past 20 years.



B) Sonuçların tutarlılığı C) Denemelerin niteliği D) Yayınların kapsamı E) Yayınların sayısı



99. Parçanın ilk cümlesinde geçen “available” sözcüğünün Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



96. Parçada, tıp ve cerrahi dergilerinde yayımlanan klinik denemelerle ilgili derlemelerde aşağıdakilerden hangisinin söylendiği belirtilmektedir?



A) Destekleyici



B) Mevcut



C) Kapsamlı



D) Tutarlı E) Sağlam



A) Araştırma planlanmasında uygulanan ölçütlerin tutarsız olabileceğinin B) Klinik denemelerin olumsuz yönlerinin göz ardı edildiğinin C) Yayınlar arasında belirgin farklılıklar bulunduğunun D) Anesteziyoloji ile ilgili yayınların yetersiz kaldığının E) Çalışma tasarımı ve veri analizinde ciddi yetersizliklerin olduğunun



100. Parçanın dördüncü cümlesinde geçen “misleading” sözcüğünün Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Değişken



B) Belirsiz



C) Bağımlı



D) Yanıltıcı E) Göstermelik



97. Parçada, çalışma tasarımındaki yetersizliklerin tedavinin etkileriyle ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisine yol açacağından söz edilmektedir? A) Abartılmaya



B) Yanlış anlaşılmaya



C) Benzerliğe



D) Yararsız olmaya



TEST BİTTİ.



E) Geçersizliğe



CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



20



A TUS İNG / EYLÜL 2008 2. Parçada, Amerika’daki diyaliz merkezlerinin günümüzdeki durumu ile ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmektedir?



1. – 5. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Hükümetin öncelikli kurumlarıdır.



Over the past decade, the delivery of medical care has undergone dramatic changes and the practice of nephrologists in their care of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients has been transformed. In the US, approximately 70% of patients are now dialysed in facilities managed and owned by corporate entities. These companies are publicly traded on the stock exchanges and thus have investor-owners. Some of these companies are vertically integrated, such that everything that is purchased such as dialysis machines, dialysers, accessories and tubing are products of the corporation. Decisions regarding drugs and medical interventions including the administration of erythropoietin are often dictated by corporate policy rather than individual patient needs. As an example, most experts agree that erythropoietin given subcutaneously is equally effective as given intravenously, and is certainly cheaper. Yet intravenous erythropoietin yields dialysis units and their proprietors maximum profit based on current reimbursement policies.



B) Kişisel bakım odaklıdır. C) Doktorların çalışma saatleri uzatılmıştır. D) Tam zamanlı çalışan doktorları vardır. E) Çoğu özel kurumlara aittir.



3. Parçada sözü edilen şirketlerden bazılarının birbirleriyle olan ilişkisi ne şekilde tanımlanmaktadır? A) Etkin



B) Sıkı



C) Dikey



D) Karmaşık E) Çok yönlü



4. Parçaya göre, eritropoetin uygulamasını da içeren tıbbi girişimlerin seçiminde yönlendirici faktör aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Hastaların gereksinimleri B) Kullanılacak ilacın maliyeti 1. Parçada, son on yılda aşağıdakilerden hangisinin değiştiği söylenmektedir?



C) Doktorun deneyimi D) Şirket politikası



A) Böbrek hastalarının tedavisinde kullanılan ilaçların



E) Geri ödeme takvimi



B) Nefrologların son evredeki böbrek hastalarına bakım yaklaşımlarının C) Renal hastalıkların tedavi girişimlerindeki başarı oranının



5. Parçada, eritropoetin uygulamasının hangi durumda ucuz olduğundan söz edilmektedir?



D) Hastane idaresindeki yaklaşımların



A) Sigorta tarafından ödendiğinde



E) Nefrolojideki klasik tedavi anlayışının



B) Derialtına uygulandığında C) Hükümetçe desteklendiğinde D) Damar içine verildiğinde E) Sadece gerektiğinde uygulandığında



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



1



A TUS İNG / EYLÜL 2008 7. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisinin uzun süreli ve yüksek dozda kullanımının özellikle diyaliz hastalarında vücut fosfat depolarını boşaltacağından söz edilmektedir?



6. – 10. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Hypophosphatemia (low phosphate blood level) is a blood phosphate concentration lower than 2.5 milligrams (mg) per decilitre of blood. Chronic hypophosphatemia occurs in hyperparathyroidism, hypothyroidism (an underactive thyroid gland), poor kidney function, and long-term use of diuretics. Toxic amounts of the drug theophylline can reduce the amount of phosphate in the body. Taking large amounts of aluminum hydroxide antacids for a long time can also deplete the body’s phosphate, especially in people undergoing kidney dialysis. Phosphate stores are depleted in people with severe malnutrition, diabetic ketoacidosis, severe alcohol intoxication, or severe burns. As people with these conditions recover, the blood phosphate concentration can quickly fall dangerously low because the body uses large amounts of phosphate. A person may have hypophosphatemia without any illness. Symptoms occur only when the blood phosphate concentration drops very low. Initially the person may experience muscle weakness. Over time, bones can weaken, resulting in bone pain and fractures. An extremely low phosphate concentration (lower than 1.5 mg per decilitre of blood) can be very serious, leading to progressive muscle weakness, stupor, coma, and death.



A) Teofilin B) Alüminyum hidroksit C) Kalsiyum D) Tiroid hormonu E) Alkol



8. Parçaya göre, herhangi bir hastalıktan kaynaklanmayan hipofosfateminin belirtileri yalnızca aşağıdaki hangi durumda ortaya çıkmaktadır? A) Hücrelere yeterli fosfat sağlanamazsa B) Vücutta fosfat kullanımı çok artarsa C) Kanda fosfat derişimi çok azalırsa D) Kan kaybı olursa E) Kas ve kemikler etkilenmeye başlayınca



9. Parçada, hipofosfatemi sürecinde görülebilecekler arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi sayılmamıştır? A) Kas ağrıları 6. Parçada, kanda fosfat derişiminin sürekli düşmesine neden olan etkenler arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi sayılmamıştır?



B) Kas zayıflığı C) Kemik kırılmaları



A) Uzun süreli diüretik kullanımı



D) Koma



B) Hipotiroidi



E) Ölüm



C) Hiperparatiroidi D) Böbrek işlev bozuklukları



10. Parçada, aşağıdaki durumlardan hangisinin ölümcül olabileceğinden söz edilmektedir?



E) Kemik kırıkları



A) Böbreklerin fosfat geri emiliminin azalması B) Diyabet C) Ciddi yanıklar D) Fosfatın kanda desilitrede 1.5 mg’ın altına inmesi E) Koma



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



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A TUS İNG / EYLÜL 2008 12. Parçada, toksik şok sendromunun hangi erkeklerde görülebildiğinden söz edilmektedir?



11. – 15. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Uzun süre hastanede kalan Toxic shock syndrome is an infection usually caused by staphylococci, which may rapidly worsen to severe, untreatable shock. In 1978, toxic shock syndrome was first recognized as a distinct syndrome in several children between 8 and 17 years of age. In 1980, a large number of cases appeared, mainly in young women – almost always those who were using tampons. About 700 cases were reported in the US in 1980. By 1981, after widespread publicity and the removal of the “superabsorbent” varieties of tampons from the market, the incidence of toxic shock syndrome fell dramatically. Cases still occur in some who don’t use tampons and in some who have just had surgery or given birth. About 15 per cent of the cases occur in men who have undergone surgery. Mild cases are fairly common. Although the strain of Staphylococcus that causes most cases of toxic shock syndrome is known, the event that triggers the syndrome isn’t.



B) Kanamalı C) Enfeksiyon geçiren D) Ergenlik dönemindeki E) Ameliyat geçirmiş



13. Parçada, toksik şok sendromu ile ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisinin bilinmediğinden söz edilmektedir? A) Tetikleyen olay B) Neden olan bakteri C) Tampon kullanımıyla ilişkisi D) Etkilediği organlar E) Toksinlerin etki etme yolları



14. Parçanın birinci cümlesinde geçen “which may rapidly worsen” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



11. Parçada, toksik şok sendromu ile ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmemektedir? A) 1981’de sıklığı çarpıcı bir şekilde azalmıştır.



A) Kötüleşmesi öngörülebilen



B) 1980’de Amerika’da yaklaşık 700 vaka saptanmıştır.



B) Giderek zorlaşan



C) İlk kez tampon kullanan kadınlarda görülmüştür.



C) Bozulması hızlanabilen



D) Aşırı emici tamponların piyasadan çekilmesi hastalığın görülme sıklığını önemli ölçüde azaltmıştır.



D) Hızla daha kötüye gidebilen E) Hızlanması söz konusu olabilen



E) Halen yeni doğum yapmış kadınlarda görülebilmektedir. 15. Parçanın sekizinci cümlesinde geçen “fairly common” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Aşağı yukarı benzer B) Oldukça yaygın C) Daha da belirgin D) Fazlasıyla değişken E) Büyük ölçüde tutarlı



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



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A TUS İNG / EYLÜL 2008 18. Parçada, benlerin renklerinin aşağıdaki hangi durumda koyulaştığı söylenmektedir?



16. – 20. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Moles (nevi) are small, usually dark, skin growths that develop from pigment-producing cells in the skin. Moles vary in size, may be flat or raised, may be smooth or rough, and may have hairs growing from them. Although they are usually dark brown or black, moles can be yellow-brown. Almost everyone has about 10 moles, which commonly develop in childhood or adolescence. Like all cells, pigment cells respond to changes in hormone levels, so moles may appear, enlarge, or darken during pregnancy. Depending on their appearance and location, moles may be considered either blemishes or beauty marks. Moles that are unattractive or located where clothing can irritate them can be removed by a doctor using a scalpel and a local anaesthetic. Most moles are harmless and don’t have to be removed. Changes in a mole such as enlargement (especially with an irregular border), darkening, inflammation, spotty colour changes, bleeding, broken skin (sore), itching, and pain are warnings of malignant melanoma.



A) Ergenlik



B) Çocukluk



C) Gebelik



D) Erişkinlik E) Kanser



19. Parçada, benlerde meydana gelen ve kötü huylu melanomu düşündüren değişimler arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi sayılmamıştır?



16. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisi benler tanımlanırken kullanılan sıfatlardan biri değildir? A) Kıl içeren



B) Yassı



C) Düz



D) Kabarık



A) Büyüme



B) Kanama



C) Kaşınma



D) Ağrı



E) Sayıca artma



E) Yuvarlak



20. Parçanın yedinci cümlesinde geçen “can irritate” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



17. Parçada, benlerle ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmemektedir? A) Ergenlik dönemindeki çocuklarda sayıları artabilir.



A) Tahriş edebileceği



B) Neredeyse herkeste yaklaşık on tane ben vardır.



B) Bozabileceği



C) Sarı-kahve renkli de olabilirler.



C) Temas edebileceği



D) Benlerin çoğu zararsızdır.



D) Takılabileceği



E) Hormonal değişikliklere cevap verirler.



E) Etkileyebileceği



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



4



A TUS İNG / EYLÜL 2008 22. Parçada, MAC’ın neden olduğu enfeksiyonla ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmektedir?



21. – 25. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Bulaşıcı değildir. Many types of mycobacteria exist. Some of them are similar to the ones that cause tuberculosis; they can cause infections with many of the same symptoms as tuberculosis. Although these mycobacteria are common, they generally cause infection only in people with an impaired immune system. The bacteria infect primarily the lungs but may also attack the lymph nodes, bones, skin, and other tissues. The most common are a group of mycobacteria known as Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). These mycobacteria are highly resistant to most antibiotics, including those used to treat tuberculosis. Infections caused by these bacteria are not contagious. Lung infection caused by Mycobacterium avium complex may occur in middle-aged men whose lungs have been damaged by prolonged smoking, an old tuberculosis infection, bronchitis, emphysema, or other diseases. Infection with this mycobacterium is most common, however, in people with AIDS. The infection usually develops slowly. A chest x-ray may reveal an infection. However, a laboratory analysis of sputum taken from an infected person usually is needed to distinguish the infection from tuberculosis. Treatment with antibiotics is often not effective, even when several drugs are used in combination. However newer drugs will soon become available that may delay the progression of such infections in older people.



B) Ateşle seyreder. C) Antibiyotiklere iyi cevap verir. D) Hızla gelişir. E) Her yaşta görülebilir.



23. Parçaya göre, MAC en sık, aşağıdaki hangi hastalığı olan kişilerde enfeksiyona yol açar? A) Anfizem B) Bronşit C) AIDS D) Tüberküloz E) Sigaraya ikincil akciğer hastalığı



24. Parçada sözü edilen MAC’ın neden olduğu enfeksiyonu tüberkülozdan ayırt etmek için genellikle aşağıdakilerden hangisi gereklidir? A) Göğüs filmi B) Balgam analizi C) Kan testleri



21. Parçada sözü edilen bazı mikobakteri tipleriyle ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi yanlıştır?



D) Bronkoskopi



A) Genellikle sadece, bağışıklık sistemi yetersiz kişileri etkilerler.



E) Akciğer kapasite ölçümü



B) Tüberküloza neden olanlara benzerler. C) Sık görülürler. 25. Parçada, yakında kullanıma girecek yeni ilaçların aşağıdaki hangi hasta grubunda enfeksiyonun ilerlemesini geciktireceğinden söz edilmektedir?



D) Çoğunlukla lenf düğümlerine yerleşirler. E) Kemik ve deriyi de enfekte edebilirler.



A) Çocuk



B) AIDS’li



C) Tüberkülozlu



D) Ergen E) Yaşlı



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



5



A TUS İNG / EYLÜL 2008 27. Parçada, SSPE’nin genellikle aşağıdakilerden hangisiyle başladığı belirtilmektedir?



26. – 30. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Bilişsel değişiklikler Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), a “slow” infection caused by measles virus, usually affects children, but its onset can extend into young adulthood. Fortunately, its incidence has markedly decreased in recent years. Clinically, SSPE usually begins with cognitive and behavioural changes; progresses to include motor dysfunction with prominent myoclonus choreoathetosis, dystonia, and rigidity; and usually pursues a progressive course with steady deterioration over 1 to 3 years to eventual rigid quadriparesis and a vegetative state. The condition is more common in a rural setting and affects males more often than females. The distinct pathology of SSPE includes gliosis, loss of myelin, and perivascular infiltrates of lymphocytes and plasma cells in white and gray matter. Intranuclear inclusions containing viral nucleocapsids are noted in both neurons and glia. Measles virus may also cause a subacute encephalitis in the immunocompromised host. The prominence of cognitive and motor dysfunction in these patients resembles SSPE. Brain pathology includes abundant intranuclear inclusions, but inflammation is minimal, and neither serum nor cerebro spinal fluid antibody titers againts measles virus are high. For this reason, brain biopsy is usually needed for diagnosis.



B) Tonus bozuklukları C) Kaslarda sertlik D) Yorgunluk hissi E) Güç kaybı



28. Parçada, SSPE’nin aşağıdakilerden hangisinde daha sık görüldüğünden söz edilmektedir? A) Gelişmekte olan ülkelerde B) Kırsal yerleşim alanlarında C) Aşının ulaşamadığı bölgelerde D) Sıcak ülkelerde E) Genç nüfusun çoğunlukta olduğu toplumlarda



29. Parçada, SSPE’ye özgü patolojik değişiklikler arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi sayılmamaktadır? A) Gri maddede lenfosit infiltrasyonu B) Gliosis C) Myelin kaybı D) Beyaz maddede plazma hücresi infiltrasyonu



26. Parçada, SSPE ile ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisinden söz edilmemektedir?



E) Hücre çekirdeği dışında inkluzyon varlığı



A) Nedeni kızamık virüsüdür. B) Yavaş gelişir. C) Daha çok kız çocuklarda görülür.



30. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisinin SSPE tanısı için genellikle gerekli olduğundan söz edilmektedir?



D) Son yıllarda sıklığı azalmıştır. E) Başlangıcı genç erişkinlik dönemine uzanabilir.



A) Beyin omurilik sıvısının incelenmesi B) Serumda antikor ölçümü C) Beyin biyopsisi D) Hasta öyküsünün dikkatle alınması E) Kızamık virüsünün beyinde saptanması



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



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A TUS İNG / EYLÜL 2008 33. Parçada, yaşlılarla ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmektedir?



31. – 35. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Vücutlarında asetilkolin miktarı yüksektir. Acetylcholine is one of the body’s many neurotransmitters. A neurotransmitter is a chemical substance that nerve cells use to communicate with each other, with muscles, and with many glands. Drugs that block the action of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine are said to have anticholinergic effects. Most of these drugs are not designed to block acetylcholine; their anticholinergic effects are side effects. Elderly people are particularly sensitive to drugs with anticholinergic effects because the amount of acetylcholine in the body decreases with age and because their bodies are less able to use what is there. Drugs that have anticholinergic effects can cause confusion, blurred vision, constipation, dry mouth, light-headedness, and difficulty with urination or loss of bladder control.



B) Antikolinerjik ilaçlara özellikle hassastırlar. C) Vücutlarında asetilkolin kullanımı fazladır. D) Bazıları ilacı düzenli olarak alamayabilirler. E) İlaç emilimleri çok yavaştır.



34. Parçada, antikolinerjik ilaçların etkileri arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi sayılmamıştır? A) Ağız kuruması B) Bulanık görme C) Kabızlık D) Unutkanlık



31. Parçada, asetilkolin nasıl tanımlanmaktadır?



E) İşemekte güçlük



A) Dolaşımda en çok bulunan B) Çok hızlı sentezlenen C) Zıt etkilere sahip olan D) Çok sayıdaki nörotransmitterlerden biri E) Birçok dokuya aynı anda ulaşan



35. Parçanın üçüncü cümlesinde geçen “are said to have” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Sahip olduğu söylenmektedir B) Yol açabileceği düşünülmektedir C) Var olduğu gözlenmektedir



32. Parçada, antikolinerjik ilaçlarla ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmektedir?



D) İçerdiğinden şüphelenilmektedir



A) Yaşlılarda kontrendikedirler.



E) Gösterdiği bilinmektedir



B) Asetilkolin sentezini durdururlar. C) Etki mekanizması bilinmemektedir. D) En sık olarak yaşlılarda kullanılırlar. E) Etkileri yan etki şeklindedir.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



7



A TUS İNG / EYLÜL 2008 38. Parçaya göre, aşağıdaki sistemlerden hangisinde sorunlar oluşabilir?



36. – 40. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (RenduOsler-Weber disease) is a hereditary malformation of the blood vessels that makes them fragile and prone to bleeding. Bleeding under the skin appears as small, red-to-violet discolourations, especially on the face, lips, lining of the mouth and nose, and tips of the fingers and toes. Similar small abnormalities may occur in the gastrointestinal tract. The fragile blood vessels may break, causing severe nosebleeds and bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract. Neurologic problems may also occur. No specific treatment is available, but bleeding can be stopped by applying compresses or astringents. If bleeding recurs, a laser beam can be used to destroy the leaking blood vessel. Severe bleeding can be stopped by blocking the leaking artery with a pellet inserted through a catheter or by grafting normal tissue. Bleeding almost always recurs, resulting in iron deficiency anaemia; consequently, people who have this disorder need to take iron supplements.



A) Sinir



B) Kas



C) Boşaltım



D) Endokrin E) Solunum



39. Parçada, sözü edilen kanamaların hangi özelliği vurgulanmıştır? A) Pıhtılaşma faktörlerinin eksikliği nedeniyle ortaya çıkması B) Sadece deri altında oluşması C) Kısa sürmesi D) Neredeyse her zaman tekrarlaması



36. Parçada sözü edilen hastalıkla ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi yanlıştır?



E) Çocuklarda daha sık görülmesi



A) Özgün bir tedavisi yoktur. B) Kalıtsaldır. C) Kan damarlarındaki bozukluktan kaynaklanır. D) Hastaların demir alması gerekir. E) Sık görülen bir hastalıktır.



40. Parçanın ilk cümlesinde geçen “prone to bleeding” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



37. Parçada, deri altı kanamaların özellikle gözlendiği yerler arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi sayılmamıştır?



A) Kanamaya başlayan



A) Burun kenarları



B) Yüz



B) Kanamaya yatkın



C) Avuç içi



D) Dudaklar



C) Kanayabilen D) Kanaması artan



E) Parmak ucu



E) Kanamaya yol açan



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



8



A TUS İNG / EYLÜL 2008 43. Parçaya göre, karaciğer hücrelerinin göreceli zedelenmesinde aşağıdakilerden hangisi ortaya çıkacaktır?



41. – 45. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Akut karaciğer hastalığı



Normally, loss of copper from the body occurs primarily through the bile. In Wilson’s disease, biliary excretion of copper is impaired, and as a consequence, total body copper is progressively increased. Positive copper balance begins in infancy in Wilson’s disease and continues thereafter unless appropriate therapy is given. However, the distribution of copper changes as the disease progresses. Not only does net deposition of liver copper cease, but also a portion of previously deposited copper is lost from the liver and deposited elsewhere. This copper redistribution probably takes place when liver injury occurs. If this injury occurs abruptly in many hepatocytes, liver disease may be clinically manifested, and a large amount of copper may be released over a short period, creating the potential for acute erythrocyte injury and haemolytic anaemia as well. However, if hepatocyte injury is more gradual, acute liver disease does not occur and the patient remains asymptomatic as the important site of copper deposition shifts to the brain. With the latter course, most patients later develop neurologic or psychiatric symptoms, usually with clinically inapparent cirrhosis.



B) Belirtisiz bir klinik tablo C) Klasik Wilson hastalığı D) Sarılık E) Kanamaya yatkınlık



44. Parçanın ikinci cümlesinde geçen “is progressively increased” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Artarak hızlanmıştır B) Şiddetle ilerlemiştir C) Hızla yükselmiştir D) Sıklıkla görülmüştür E) Giderek artmıştır



41. Parçaya göre, bakır aşağıdakilerden hangisi yoluyla vücuttan atılmaktadır? A) Nefes



B) Ter D) Tükrük



C) İdrar E) Safra



45. Parçanın son cümlesinde geçen “the latter course” ifadesi aşağıdakilerden hangisine işaret etmektedir? 42. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisinin ani ve yaygın karaciğer zedelenmesi sırasında oluşma olasılığı olduğu söylenmektedir?



A) Beyinde bakır birikmesi B) Belirtilerin azalması



A) Safrayla bakır atılmasının artışı



C) Karaciğer hücrelerinin etkilenmesi



B) Nörolojik belirtiler



D) Psikiyatrik hastalar



C) Psikiyatrik belirtiler



E) Sirozun ortaya çıkması



D) Karaciğerden bakır kaybı E) Kanda bakırın çoğalması



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



9



A TUS İNG / EYLÜL 2008 48. Parçada, horlamaya yatkınlık oluşturan etkenler arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi sayılmamıştır?



46. – 50. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Yorgunluk Snoring is produced by vibrations of the soft tissues of the nasopharynx initiated by turbulent flow through a narrowed airway. The airway closing at the level of the nasopharynx and/or oropharynx during sleep produces apnea (cessation of airflow) and is believed to represent an extension of the process that produces snoring. Repetitive apneas during sleep result in inadequate sleep, excessive daytime sleepiness, and asphyxia, with cardiorespiratory and central nervous system (CNS) effects. Snoring is very common (30 to 50% of the population at age 50 report snoring). Loud snoring, enough to be heard in the next room, is present in 5 to 10% of the population. In adults, examination reveals a reddened soft palate with or without anatomic narrowing of the nasal and oropharyngeal passages, micrognathia, or hypothyroidism. Other predisposing factors may include family history, obesity, respiratory depressants (alcohol and drugs), sleep restriction, nasal obstruction, and ageing. Treatment is symptomatic for the bed partner, and one must first exclude hypothyroidism and then address predisposing factors.



B) Obesite C) Yaşlanma D) Hipotiroidi E) Burun tıkanıklığı



49. Parçada, horlamanın tedavisiyle ilgili olarak öncelikle aşağıdakilerden hangisi önerilmektedir? A) Kilo verilmesi B) Hipotiroidinin bertaraf edilmesi C) Aile öyküsünün dikkate alınması D) Alkol alımının sınırlandırılması



46. Parçada, apne nasıl bir hastalık olarak tanımlanmaktadır?



E) Burun anatomisinin incelenmesi



A) Nüfusun yüzde 5-10’unu etkileyen B) Son derece tehlikeli C) Elli yaş üstündekilerin yarısında görülen D) Solunumla ilgili kasların işlevsiz olduğu 50. Parçanın ilk cümlesinde geçen “initiated by turbulent flow” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



E) Hava yolunun kapandığı



A) Kesikli hava geçişi ile başlayan B) Aralıklı akışı hızlandıran



47. Parçaya göre, tekrarlayan apnenin bulunduğu kişilerle ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi yanlıştır?



C) Yavaş akıma neden olan D) Çalkantılı akım ile başlatılan



A) Gündüz aşırı uyku hali gözlenir.



E) Akışın engellenmesinden kaynaklanan



B) Yeterli uyku alamaz. C) Dikkat eksikliği görülür. D) Oksijensiz kalır. E) Merkezi sinir sistemi etkilenir.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



10



A TUS İNG / EYLÜL 2008 52. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisinin diyabet için diğerlerinin yanı sıra önemli bir risk faktörü olduğuna uzun süredir inanıldığı belirtilmektedir?



51. – 55. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Diabetes mellitus is an increasingly important global public health problem that threatens to reach pandemic levels by 2030. As some randomized trials have consistently shown, increased physical activity and weight loss are efficient approaches for the control and prevention of type 2 diabetes. Diet has also long been believed to be an important risk factor for diabetes. Many studies have shown that the Mediterranean food pattern has a role in prevention of cardiovascular disease. The similarity of some risk factors and some empirical and mechanistic evidence suggest that the Mediterranean diet can also protect against diabetes. The major protective characteristics include a high intake of fibre, a high intake of vegetable fat, abundant use of virgin olive oil, a low intake of trans fatty acids, and a moderate intake of alcohol. This leads to a high ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids. Diets rich in monounsaturated fatty acids improve lipid profiles and glycaemic control in people with diabetes, suggesting that a high intake improves insulin sensitivity. Together these associations suggest the hypothesis that following an overall pattern of Mediterranean diet can protect against diabetes. In addition to having a long tradition of use without evidence of harm, a Mediterranean diet is highly palatable, and people are likely to comply with it.



A) Sağlıksız yaşam tarzı B) Hızlı kilo kaybı C) Fiziksel aktivite azlığı D) Kalp-damar hastalıkları E) Diyet



53. Parçaya göre, Akdeniz diyeti ile ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi yanlıştır? A) Kalp-damar hastalıklarının önlenmesinde rol oynadığı belirlenmiştir. B) Bazı insanların uygulamakta zorlandığı bir diyettir. C) Diabetes mellitus hastalığını da önleyebileceği iddia edilmektedir. D) Saf zeytinyağı bolca kullanılmaktadır. E) Mono-doymamış yağ asitlerinin doymuş yağ asitlerine oranı yüksektir.



54. Parçada, Akdeniz diyetinin başlıca koruyucu özellikleri arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi sayılmamıştır? A) Trans yağ asitlerinin az tüketilmesi 51. Parçada, sözü edilen diyabet ile ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi yanlıştır?



B) Yüksek lif içeriği C) Yüksek bitkisel yağ içeriği



A) Sıklığının 2030 yılına kadar pandemi düzeyine ulaşma tehlikesi vardır.



D) Organik tarım ürünlerinden oluşması



B) Önemi artan bir toplum sağlığı sorunudur.



E) Orta derecede alkol tüketimi



C) Risk faktörlerinin tümü kardiyovasküler hastalığınkiler ile benzerdir. D) Bazı yaklaşımların hastalığın kontrol edilmesinde ve önlenmesinde etkin olduğu gösterilmiştir. E) Dünya çapında bir sağlık sorunudur.



55. Parçada, mono-doymamış yağ asitleri bakımından zengin diyetlerin diyabete karşı koruyucu etkisiyle ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisinden söz edilmemektedir? A) Geleneksel olarak toplumda yararlı olduğu inancının yaygın olduğu B) Lipid profillerini düzelttiği C) Kan şekeri kontrolünü sağladığı D) Fazla miktarda tüketimi ile insülin duyarlılığını artırdığı E) Damak tadına uygun olduğu Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



11



A TUS İNG / EYLÜL 2008 58. Parçada, yakın geçmişte yapıldığı söylenen bir çalışmanın verilerine dayanılarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmektedir?



56. – 60. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. There is an age-associated increase in blood pressure in men and women. The prevalence of hypertension in women above the age of 75 years exceeds 75%. Despite these increasing numbers, middle to older aged women with hypertension continue to be undertreated despite current guidelines. According to a recent study, control rates significantly dropped for elderly women while the rate remained steady in men throughout their life. Whereas 38% of women less than 60 had controlled blood pressure, only 23% of hypertensive women who are 80 or older met targeted blood pressure goals. Recognizing the profound increase in cardiovascular disease associated with incrementally higher pressures and that blood pressure control is achievable with low cost therapies, improving blood pressure management is an important therapeutic goal. For instance, clinical evidence has shown that antihypertensive treatment reduces cardiovascular events by 26% in older people with systolic blood pressures of at least 160mm Hg or more.



A) Tedavinin yaşam boyu devam ettirilmesi gerektiği B) Hipertansif orta ve ileri yaşlı kadın sayısında artış olduğu C) Hipertansiyon kontrolünde artık daha çok başarı sağlandığı D) Hipertansiyon kontrolünün erkeklerde yaşam boyu devamlılık gösterdiği E) Kan basınçlarının belli bir yaşa kadar olan kadınlarda düşük olduğu



59. Parçaya göre, hipertansif kadınların sadece % 23’ünde aşağıdakilerden hangisi gerçekleşmiştir? A) Kalp-damar hastalıkları sıklığının azaltılması B) Erken tanı



56. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisi kan basıncı ile ilgili veriler arasında yer almamaktadır?



C) Hedeflenen kan basıncı değerlerinin elde edilmesi



A) Ölçülen değerler yaşla birlikte artar.



D) İlaçları alabilecek ekonomik güce ulaşılması



B) Yaşla birlikte kadınlarda görülen kan basıncı artış oranı erkeklerden daha yüksektir. C) Hipertansiyon prevalansı 75 yaş üzeri kadınlarda % 75’i geçmektedir.



E) Kan basıncının erkeklerdeki düzeylerde tutulabilmesi



D) Hipertansiyon kalp-damar hastalıklarını artırmaktadır. E) Düşük maliyetli tedavilerle kontrol altında tutulması mümkündür.



57. Parçaya göre, kadınlarda hipertansiyonun kontrol edilememesinin nedeni aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Orta yaş ve üstü kadınların yeterince tedavi edilmemeleri



60. Parçada sözü edilen % 26 oranı aşağıdakilerden hangisi ile ilgilidir? A) Kan basıncı kontrol altında tutulabilen hipertansif yaşlı oranı B) Seksen yaş üzerindeki kadınlarda hipertansiyon prevalansı



B) Değişkenlik gösteren nedenlerinin olması C) Tedavi yaklaşımlarının güncellenmemesi



C) Yaşlı insanlarda hipertansiyon tedavisi görenlerin oranı



D) Ekonomik olanakların sürekli ilaç kullanımını karşılayamaması



D) Hipertansif kadınlarda kardiyovasküler hastalık sıklığı



E) Kadınların verilen ilaçları kullanmamaları



E) Antihipertansif tedavi ile azaltılabilen kardiyovasküler olay oranı



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



12



A TUS İNG / EYLÜL 2008 62. Parçaya göre, yaşlı kadınlarda daha az görülen ve menopozdan sonra tipik olarak gerileyen meme patolojisi aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



61. – 65. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. After menopause, owing to the loss of hormonal stimulation and subsequent atrophy, adipose and fibrous tissue predominate in the breast, which lead to physical examination and mammography generally being less difficult in elderly women compared with younger women. Common benign breast conditions, such as fibrocystic changes, are less commonly encountered in elderly women in the absence of hormone replacement therapy. Benign neoplasms, including fibroadenomas, are also less common in elderly women, typically regressing after menopause. Breast cysts may still occur, and deserve appropriate attention in women in this age group. Interestingly, histologic evidence of benign breast disease is common in elderly women, demonstrated in autopsy studies. Whether these women had truly asymptomatic breast disease, or were symptomatic but did not seek attention or undergo evaluation, is not known. Duct ectasia, however, is a lesion more commonly identified in elderly women. Duct ectasia is characterized by dilated, large and intermediate-sized ducts, with inspissated secretions, periductal inflammation, and fibrosis. The affected ducts are often located close to the areola, and may be associated with a greenish or black nipple discharge and/or significant discomfort. The duct can rupture, leading to a foreign-body inflammatory reaction.



A) Fibrozis B) Dukt ektazisi C) Fibroadenoma D) Kanser E) İnflamatuvar reaksiyon



63. Parçada, sözü edilen çalışmalarda yaşlı kadınlarda ilginç olduğu iddia edilen bulgu aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Meme hastalığı olan kadınların tamamen asemptomatik olması B) Otopsi çalışmalarında beklenenden daha az meme hastalığı bulunması C) Meme kisti klinik tanısının güç olması D) İyi huylu meme hastalıklarının histolojik bulgularına sık olarak rastlanması E) Semptomları olduğu halde kadınların doktora başvurmamaları



64. Parçada, duktal ektazi ile ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmemektedir? A) Asemptomatiktir. B) Yaşlı kadınlarda daha sık rastlanır. C) Duktuslar genişlemiştir.



61. Parçada, menopozdan sonraki dönemde kadınlarda meme ile ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisinden söz edilmemiştir?



D) Periduktal inflamasyon vardır. E) Fibrozis ile birliktedir.



A) Fibrokistik değişikliklere daha az rastlanması B) Atrofi



65. Parçada, yabancı cisme karşı dokunun enflamatuvar reaksiyonu ile ilişkilendirilen meme bulgusu aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



C) Yağ dokusunun ve fibröz dokunun oransal artışı D) Fizik muayene ve mamografik değerlendirme kolaylığı E) Hormon replasman tedavisi alanlarda daha yakın izlem gereği



A) Etkilenen duktusların areolaya yakın lokalize olması B) Duktus yırtılması C) Yeşilimsi veya siyah meme ucu akıntısı D) Memede önemli ölçüde hassasiyet E) Duktusların koyu sekresyonla tıkanması



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



13



A TUS İNG / EYLÜL 2008 67. Parçada sözü edilen konferansla ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi doğrudur?



66. – 70. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. A Phase II study of an experimental Alzheimer’s drug shows that the medicine appears to be effective in some patients. The drug failed to achieve statistically significant results in the primary outcomes, but managed to do so in subgroups lacking a higher genetic risk to develop the disease. Given the lack of progress in treating Alzheimer’s, the drug is being hailed as the next potential advance in treating the disease. However, more detailed findings are due to be carefully scrutinized at a conference on Alzheimer’s disease. The drug is generating a great deal of enthusiasm as patients, doctors and investors look for signs which can slow mental deterioration and improve cognitive functions, as opposed to existing treatments that slow symptoms. The drug is based on a new approach aimed at reducing socalled amyloid plaque in the brain that is believed to cause Alzheimer’s. The Phase II trial had not been expected to show overall statistical significance, since there were only 240 patients, but the drugmakers say the results were clinically meaningful in a genetic subgroup of patients known as ApoE4 non-carriers, who make up between 40 and 70 per cent of the Alzheimer’s disease population.



A) Hastalığın tedavisiyle ilgili olarak ümit vadeden bir sonraki gelişme açıklanacaktır. B) Alzheimer hastalığının tedavisindeki yenilikler duyurulacaktır. C) Yeni ilacın tedaviye sağlayacağı katkı vurgulanacaktır. D) Söz konusu ilaç çalışmasının ayrıntılı bulguları dikkatle gözden geçirilecektir. E) İlacın potansiyel etkilerinin nasıl geliştirilebileceği tartışılacaktır.



68. Parçada, ilaç üreticilerinin aşağıdakilerden hangisini söyledikleri belirtilmektedir? A) ApoE4 taşıyıcıları üzerinde ilacın denenmesi gerekir. B) Sadece 240 hasta ile istatistiksel olarak önemli bir sonuca ulaşmak olanaksızdır. C) İlaç hastaların çoğunluğunu etkiliyor olmalıdır. D) Faz II çalışmaları anlamlı bir sonuç almak için yeterli değildir. E) Araştırma sonuçları klinik olarak genetik bir alt grupta anlamlıdır.



66. Parçaya göre, bir Alzheimer ilacı ile ilgili olarak yapılan Faz II çalışmasının sonucu aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) İlaç deneysel olduğu için klinik uygulama önerilmemiştir.



69. Parçanın beşinci cümlesinde geçen “existing” sözcüğünün Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



B) İlaç hastalardan fazla ilgi görmemiştir. C) Hastalarda tam bir iyileşme sağlanmıştır. D) Primer iyileşme parametrelerinde istatistiksel olarak önemli bir başarı sağlanmıştır.



A) Olası



B) Özgün



C) Göreceli



D) Dolaylı



E) Yüksek genetik risk taşımayan alt gruplarda etkili bulunmuştur.



E) Mevcut



70. Parçanın altıncı cümlesinde geçen “is believed” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Belirlenen



B) Belirtilen



C) İnanılan



D) Farkına varılan E) İddia edilen



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



14



A TUS İNG / EYLÜL 2008 73. Aşağıdakilerden hangisi parçada sözü edilen diyabetle ve koroner arterlerin tıkanmasıyla ilişkili olabilir?



71. – 75. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Drinking red wine each day appears to protect the heart and prolong life. Resveratrol, a compound present in grapes and red wine, appears to inhibit the development of fat cells and have other anti-obesity properties, according to a report from a group of researchers. The findings show that in laboratory experiments with so-called “pre-fat cells,” resveratrol prevented them from converting into mature fat cells. Resveratrol also hindered fat storage in the cells. The compound also reduced production of certain cytokines, substances that may be linked to the development of obesity-related disorders like diabetes and clogged coronary arteries. Resveratrol also stimulated the formation of a protein called adiponectin. Whether to add red wine to your daily diet must be balanced against other health risks. For people with alcohol dependency problems, the health benefits of red wine are far offset by the risks of drinking to excess. Excessive use of alcohol can lead to addiction, traffic accidents and potentially fatal medical problems. Increasingly, studies support the idea that drinking a small amount of alcohol each day – no more than one to two servings – is better for you than not drinking, but the findings don’t apply to everyone. Even small amounts can increase risk for certain health worries, like breast and colon cancer. Although those risks are generally offset by the extra heart benefits, some people may decide it is not worth it.



A) Hücrelerde depolanan yağ B) Resveratrol C) Sitokinler D) Adinopektin E) Diyetteki aşırı protein



74. Parçaya göre, kırmızı şarap tüketimi ile ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi yanlıştır? A) Küçük miktarlarda alınmasının kalbe yararları risklerinden fazla olsa da bazıları buna değmeyeceğine karar verebilir. B) Günlük diyete eklenmesi kararında olası yararlar olası sağlık riskleri ile dengelenmelidir. C) Alkol bağımlılığı olanlarda riskler ağır basar. D) Aşırı tüketimi alışkanlığa yol açabilir.



71. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisi her gün az miktarda alkol tüketimiyle ilişkilendirilmemiştir?



E) Saklama koşulları yararlı olup olmamasında önem taşır.



A) Alkolizm B) Meme kanseri C) Kalp hastalıklarından korunma D) Yaşam süresinin uzaması E) Kolon kanseri 75. Parçanın onuncu cümlesinde geçen “support” sözcüğünün Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



72. Parçada, resveratrolün etkileri arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi sayılmamıştır?



A) Göz önüne almaktadır



A) Yağ ön hücrelerinin olgun yağ hücrelerine dönüşümünü önler.



B) Desteklemektedir



B) Üzümde ve kırmızı şarapta bulunan bir bileşimdir.



C) Öne sürmektedir D) Yansıtmaktadır



C) Yağ hücrelerinin oluşumunu baskılar.



E) Varsaymaktadır



D) Vücuttaki yağ dokularının parçalanmasını hızlandırır. E) Obesiteyi önleyici etkilere sahiptir.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



15



A TUS İNG / EYLÜL 2008 78. Parçaya göre, aşıların etkin ve emniyetli olduğu aşağıdaki hangi durumda açıkça görülebilir?



76. – 80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Vaccines against viral antigens, such as those of hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, lower the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and cervical cancer, respectively, and are part of large public health endeavors to prevent transmission of these viruses. Should similar vaccines against tumour antigens prove valuable, they could enter clinical practice. Prophylactic vaccines based on autologous tumour antigens may carry a high risk of inducing autoimmunity. Yet testing of such vaccines in genetically engineered mice that express tumour antigens as self molecules clearly shows that the vaccines are effective and safe. The latest example is a vaccine based on the prostate stem-cell antigen (PSCA), which is overexpressed in prostate cancer. Immunity to other tumour self antigens may also be acquired during events that have no evident relation to cancer. A study of 424 patients with cancer and 375 matched controls revealed that febrile infectious childhood diseases (measles, mumps, rubella, pertussis, and chicken pox) are associated with a reduced risk of most cancers in adulthood. Moreover, a multicentre case showed that a history of severe infectious disease was associated with a reduced risk of melanoma.



76. Parçada, belirli aşılarla ve geçirilen enfeksiyonlarla indüklenen bağışıklığın belirli hastalıklara yakalanma olasılığını azalttığından söz edilirken aşağıdakilerden hangisi bu hastalıklardan biri olarak sayılmamıştır?



A) Genetik mühendisliği uygulanarak moleküler yapısı insana uyarlanmış aşılar üretildiğinde B) Büyük toplum sağlığı araştırmalarında virüs geçişlerinin önlendiği kanıtlandığında C) Genetikleri değiştirilmiş aşılı farelerin moleküllerinde tümör antijenleri gösterildiğinde D) Otoimmünite oluşturmadan ömür boyu koruma etkinliği sağlandığında E) Bilinmeyen yeni enfeksiyon ya da tümörlerin ortaya çıkmayacağı kanıtlandığında



79. Parçada sözü edilen kanser ve kontrol olguları ile ilgili çalışmada çocuklukta geçirilmiş hastalıklar arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi sayılmamıştır?



A) Prostat kanseri



A) Kızamık



B) Kızamıkçık



C) Boğmaca



D) Kabakulak



B) Melanom



E) Çiçek



C) Karaciğer kanseri D) Serviks kanseri E) Over kanseri



77. Parçaya göre, aşağıdakilerden hangisi otolog tümör antijenleri kullanılarak hazırlanan koruyucu aşıların tehlikesi olabilir? A) Otoimmünitenin indüklenmesi B) Genetik yapısı değişmiş tümör oluşumu C) Enfeksiyon hastalıklarında artış



80. Parçanın altıncı cümlesinde geçen “relation” sözcüğünün Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Dağılım



B) İlişki



C) Yönelme



D) Yaklaşım E) Farklılık



D) Kök hücre yapımının baskılanması E) Tümör hücre yapısının değişmesi



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



16



A TUS İNG / EYLÜL 2008 83. Parçada, ince iğne aspirasyon biyopsisinin aşağıdaki hangi bölgeden alındığı belirtilmektedir?



81. – 85. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. A 63-year-old man was referred to the Clinic for Head and Neck Cancer, a multidisciplinary unit of this hospital, for management of cutaneous Merkel-cell carcinoma. He had been well until 3 months earlier, when he noted a small, painless nodule on the superior, right-central aspect of his forehead. During the next 3 weeks, this nodule grew slowly, and a second, pea-size, painless nodule developed in front of his right ear. Pathological examination of a biopsy specimen of the lesion on the forehead indicated a small-cell carcinoma that was thought to be consistent with Merkel-cell carcinoma. A fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the right preauricular mass revealed malignant cells that were consistent with Merkel-cell carcinoma. The lesion on the forehead, 2.5 cm by 2.2 cm, was excised by means of Mohs procedure; intraoperative frozen-section examination of the specimen led the surgeon to conclude that the final tissue margin was free of tumour. The patient felt well and did not have weight loss, fatigue, fever, or other skin lesions.



A) Sağ kulağın önündeki kitleden B) Alın bölgesindeki lezyondan C) Boyundaki lenf bezinden D) Tümörle normal cilt arasındaki sınırdan E) Mohs işlemi uygulanan cilt bölgesinden



84. Parçaya göre, tümörün eksizyonu sırasında yapılan dondurulmuş kesit incelemesi sonucunda cerrah aşağıdaki hangi sonuca ulaşmıştır? A) Tümör metastaz yapmıştır. B) Tümör derin dokulara uzanmaktadır.



81. Parçada sözü edilen 63 yaşındaki erkek hasta kliniğe aşağıdakilerden hangisinin tedavisi için gönderilmiştir?



C) Cerrahi sınırda tümör yoktur. D) Spesmen tümüyle tümörsüz bulunmuştur.



A) Kulak kanseri



E) Çıkarılan doku kesin tanı için yetersizdir.



B) Beyin tümörü C) Kan kanseri D) Cilt kanseri E) Kemik tümörü 85. Parçaya göre, hastada cerrahi sonrasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi görülmüştür? 82. Parçada sözü edilen hastanın öyküsüne göre aşağıdakilerden hangisi yanlıştır? A) İkinci lezyon sağ kulak önünde bezelye büyüklüğünde ağrısız bir nodüldür.



A) Kilo kaybı



B) İyilik hali



C) Yüksek ateş



D) Yorgunluk



E) Diğer cilt lezyonları



B) İlk fark ettiği lezyon, küçük, ağrısız bir nodüldür. C) Lezyonun ilk görüldüğü yer, alın bölgesidir. D) Sonraki 3 hafta içinde nodül yavaş yavaş büyümüştür. E) Hastalığın başlangıcı 3 aydan önceye uzanır.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



17



A TUS İNG / EYLÜL 2008 88. Parçada, insülin direncini indüklediği düşünülen etmenler arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi sayılmamıştır?



86. – 90. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Klinik depresyon



The prevalence of clinical depression and presence of elevated depressive symptoms are higher among persons with diabetes compared with the general population. These associations may be related to increased risk of depressive symptoms in individuals with diabetes, increased risk of type 2 diabetes in individuals with depressive symptoms, or both. Several factors associated with depressive symptoms, including obesity-promoting health behaviours (e.g., physical inactivity, hypercaloric diets) and activation of the neuroendocrine and inflammatory responses (resulting in increased cortisol, catecholamines, and cytokines), can induce insulin resistance and the development of type 2 diabetes. Prior studies examining diabetes as a predictor of elevated depressive symptoms have been limited by being conducted only in elderly individuals or using only self-reported diabetes. Because of contradictory findings thus far, additional population-based studies that include measurements of diabetes treatment and the presence of comorbitidies are needed to investigate whether type 2 diabetes is associated with the development of elevated depressive symptoms.



B) Obesiteye yol açan davranışlar C) Nöroendokrin cevap aktivasyonu D) Artmış sitokinler E) İnflamatuvar cevap aktivasyonu



89. Parçaya göre, diyabet ve depresif semptom ilişkisini inceleyen önceki çalışmaların değeri aşağıdaki hangi nedenle sınırlandırılmıştır? A) Diyabet tanı yöntemleri belirtilmemiştir. B) Sadece yaşlı bireylerde uygulanmıştır. C) Olgu sayıları çok sınırlıdır. D) Depresyon semptomlarının ne oldukları açıklanmamıştır.



86. Parçada sözü edilen klinik depresyon, depresif semptomlar ve diyabet ilişkisi ile ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi yanlıştır?



E) Depresif semptom tanısı sadece olguların ifadelerine dayandırılmıştır.



A) Diyabetiklerde genel topluma kıyasla depresif semptomlara daha sık rastlanır. B) Genel toplumda diyabetiklerle kıyaslandığında klinik depresyona daha az rastlanır. 90. Parçada, şimdiye kadarki çelişkili bulgular nedeniyle aşağıdakilerden hangisine gereksinim olduğu iddia edilmektedir?



C) Diyabetik bireylerde depresif semptom riski artmış olabilir. D) Depresif semptomları olanlarda tip 2 diyabet riski artmış olabilir.



A) Sebep sonuç ilişkisini gözeten yöntemlerin kullanıldığı veri tabanlarına



E) Depresyon ile diyabet birlikteliği tamamen rastlantısaldır.



B) Diyabetle birlikte bulunan morbiditelerin belirtilmesine C) Depresyona zemin hazırlayan nedenlerin araştırılmasına



87. Parçada, tip 2 diyabet oluşumunu başlattığı iddia edilen depresif semptomlarla ilişkili etmenler arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi sayılmamıştır?



D) Daha çok olgu sayısı içeren kesitsel araştırmalara



A) Yüksek kalorili diyet



E) Diyabet tedavi ölçütlerini de içeren ilave toplum tabanlı çalışmalara



B) Hareketsizlik C) Uykusuzluk D) Kortizol artışı E) Artmış katekolaminler



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



18



A TUS İNG / EYLÜL 2008 93. Parçada sözü edilen yayına göre aşağıdakilerden hangisi apendiks ile ilgili özelliklerden biri değildir?



91. – 95. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. The human appendix is a small dead-end tube connected to the cecum, or ascending colon, one section of the large intestine. Everyone is born with one, but no one knows what it is for. Everyone lives happily with it until it becomes painfully inflamed, when the only treatment is to remove it surgically. Then everyone lives happily without it. So why is it there in the first place? Some experts have guessed that it is a vestige of the evolutionary development of some other organ, but there is little evidence for an appendix in our evolutionary ancestors. Few mammals have any appendix at all, and the appendices of those that do bear little resemblance to the human one. Recently, researchers published a novel explanation. The appendix, they suggest, is a “safe house” for commensal bacteria, the symbiotic germs that aid digestion and help protect against disease-causing germs. Structurally, the appendix is isolated from the rest of the gut, with an opening smaller than a pencil lead, protected from the fecal stream that might be carrying pathogens. In times of trouble like a diarrheal infection that flushes the system, these commensal bacteria could hide out there, ready to repopulate the gut when the coast is clear.



91. Parçada sözü edilen insan apendiksi ile ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi doğrudur?



A) Barsağın diğer kısımlarından izole bir yapıdır. B) Sembiyotik bakteriler için korunaklı bir bölgedir. C) Lenfatik yapılarıyla organizmayı karın içi enfeksiyonlardan korur. D) Kurşun kalem ucundan daha küçük bir ağız ile patojen bakterileri taşıyabilen feçes geçişinden korunabilir. E) Sistemi yıkayan diyare gibi bir enfeksiyonda komensal bakterilerin saklanabileceği bir oluşumdur.



94. Parçanın altıncı cümlesinde geçen “evidence” sözcüğünün Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Gösterge



B) Kanıt



C) Bilgi



D) Yöntem



A) İnsanlar apendikslerinin olduğunun farkında bile olmayabilir.



E) Düzenleme



B) Her insanda bulunmayabilir. C) Çekuma bağlanmış, küçük, ucu kör bir tüptür. D) Çıkan kolon, kalın barsağın bir parçasıdır. E) Varlığıyla yokluğu anlaşılmaz. 95. Parçanın yedinci cümlesinde geçen “resemblance” sözcüğünün Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



92. Parçada sözü edilen bazı uzmanların apendiks oluşumu ile ilgili söyledikleri arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi yer almamaktadır? A) Apendiksin durumu evrimleşme teorisi karşıtları için bir savunma aracıdır.



A) Gereksinim



B) Eğilim



C) Duyarlılık



D) Benzerlik E) Etkileşim



B) Bir başka organın evrimleşmesi sonucu oluşan bir kalıntıdır. C) Evrimleştiğimiz atalarımızda apendiksin bulunduğuna dair çok az kanıt vardır. D) Birkaç memeli türünde apendiks bulunur. E) İnsan dışındakilerde bulunan apendiksler insanınki ile çok az benzerlik gösterir. Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



19



A TUS İNG / EYLÜL 2008 98. Aşağıdakilerden hangisi parçada sözü edilen çalışmanın özelliklerinden biri değildir?



96. – 100. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) 180 üzerindeki demans olgusunda uygulanmıştır.



Researchers who put brighter lights into nursing homes have found that residents with dementia appear to suffer fewer symptoms. Improvements were modest, but a recent study showed a simple step that may improve life for many. The study also found that giving dementia patients the hormone melatonin could help improve their sleep and mood, but only in conjunction with the increased lighting. The researchers spent up to three and a half years studying the effects of light and melatonin on more than 180 patients in 12 residences for the elderly in the Netherlands. Dementia is often characterized by cognitive decline and changes in mood, sleep and activity levels. The light appeared to reduce cognitive declines and symptoms of depression. Melatonin improved sleep and reduced aggression but appeared to make patients more withdrawn, although bright light appeared to take care of this.



B) 12 ayrı yerde yapılmıştır. C) Melatonin tek başına uykuyu ve duygudurumu düzeltmiştir. D) Üç buçuk yıla kadar devam etmiştir. E) Hollanda’da gerçekleştirilmiştir.



99. Parçada, demansın özellikleri arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi sayılmamıştır? A) Aktivite düzeylerinde değişim B) Bilişsel yetilerde düşüş C) Duygudurum değişikliği



96. Parçada sözü edilen demans olgularında yapılan aydınlatma araştırmasının aşağıdaki hangi ortamda gerçekleştirildiği anlaşılmaktadır?



D) Uyku düzeninde değişim E) Denge bozukluğu



A) Kimsesizler yurdunda B) Kendi evlerinde C) Hastanede D) Geriatri merkezinde E) Bakım evinde



100. Parçaya göre, melatonin demanslı hastalarda parlak ışığın ortadan kaldırdığı aşağıdaki hangi etkiyi göstermektedir? A) Saldırganlıkta azalma



97. Parçada, daha parlak ışıkların yerleştirilmesiyle aydınlatılmış ortamlarda tedavi edilen demans hastalarında aşağıdakilerden hangisinin saptandığı söylenmektedir?



B) İçe kapanıklık C) Uykuda düzelme



A) Yakınmalarda azalma



D) Depresyon semptomlarında azalma



B) Tam iyileşme



E) Bilişsel bozulmanın yavaşlaması



C) Yaşam süresinde uzama D) Gündelik kazalarda azalma E) Ortama uyumda kolaylık



TEST BİTTİ. CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



20



TIPTA UZMANLIK EĞİTİMİ GİRİŞ SINAVI (TUS) 12 NİSAN 2008



YABANCI DİLLER A KİTAPÇIĞI 1. B



26. C



51. C



76. E



2. D



27. E



52. B



77. C



3. A



28. C



53. E



78. B



4. C



29. D



54. A



79. A



5. E



30. E



55. D



80. C



6. A



31. A



56. B



81. E



7. C



32. B



57. E



82. B



8. E



33. C



58. E



83. A



9. B



34. E



59. C



84. D



10. D



35. B



60. A



85. C



11. B



36. D



61. E



86. A



12. D



37. A



62. D



87. B



13. D



38. A



63. A



88. D



14. A



39. C



64. B



89. E



15. C



40. B



65. C



90. A



16. E



41. C



66. B



91. C



17. D



42. D



67. A



92. A



18. A



43. B



68. B



93. E



19. C



44. A



69. E



94. E



20. B



45. E



70. C



95. B



21. B



46. D



71. B



96. E



22. A



47. B



72. A



97. A



23. D



48. E



73. E



98. C



24. B



49. C



74. C



99. B



25. A



50. A



75. D



100. D



TIPTA UZMANLIK EĞİTİMİ GİRİŞ SINAVI (TUS) 13 EYLÜL 2008



YABANCI DİLLER A KİTAPÇIĞI 1. B



26. C



51. C



76. E



2. E



27. A



52. E



77. A



3. C



28. B



53. B



78. C



4. D



29. E



54. D



79. E



5. B



30. C



55. A



80. B



6. E



31. D



56. B



81. D



7. B



32. E



57. A



82. E



8. C



33. B



58. D



83. A



9. A



34. D



59. C



84. C



10. D



35. A



60. E



85. B



11. C



36. E



61. E



86. E



12. E



37. C



62. C



87. C



13. A



38. A



63. D



88. A



14. D



39. D



64. A



89. B



15. B



40. B



65. B



90. E



16. E



41. E



66. E



91. C



17. A



42. D



67. D



92. A



18. C



43. B



68. İPTAL



93. C



19. E



44. E



69. E



94. B



20. A



45. A



70. C



95. D



21. D



46. E



71. A



96. E



22. A



47. C



72. D



97. A



23. C



48. A



73. C



98. C



24. B



49. B



74. E



99. E



25. E



50. D



75. B



100. B



A İNGİLİZCE ÜDS İNG SAĞ. BİL. / EKİM 2008 5. Eye doctors once ---- high fluid pressure in the eye to diagnose glaucoma, but now a six-year study has indicated that glaucoma can be diagnosed earlier by also measuring damage to the optic nerve.



1. – 18. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. 1. Because saliva offers some natural protection against tooth ----, less saliva can lead to more cavities. A) treatment



B) surgery



D) growth



A) gave up



B) relied on



C) thought up



D) put forward



C) care



E) looked through



E) decay



6. Laboratories can ---- a variety of tests that help doctors assess disorders of the liver and other organs.



2. The ---- thin walls of the alveoli allow oxygen to move from the alveoli into the blood in the capillaries. A) consciously



B) adversely



C) unexpectedly



D) extremely



A) find out



B) put down D) look into



C) keep on



E) carry out



E) alternatively



7. If the doctor ---- for additional tests to be performed, then this illustrates that he ---- other problems. A) had asked / suspects



3. When healthy, the lining of the mouth (oral mucosa) is reddish pink, and the gums, which fit ---- around the teeth, are paler pink.



B) would ask / may suspect



A) protectively



B) attractively



C) asks / suspects



C) rarely



D) abruptly



D) has asked / had suspected E) asked / will suspect



E) randomly



8. French authorities ---- trials of gene therapy after a boy ---- a disease similar to leukaemia. 4. Roasting some green vegetables makes them as acidic as carbonated drinks, and ---- to dental erosion. A) maintains



B) enables



C) prevents



D) contributes



A) had suspended / has contracted B) suspend / may have contracted C) suspended / contracts D) will have suspended / had contracted



E) converts



E) have suspended / contracted



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



19



A ÜDS İNG SAĞ. BİL. / EKİM 2008 12. Lung cancer is the most common cause of death ---- cancer ---- both men and women.



9. Long ---- as a rat poison, arsenic ---- to halt a deadly blood cancer called acute promyelocytic leukaemia. A) being used / can be shown



A) about / with



B) from / in



C) with / for



D) in / over



B) using / was shown



E) through / about



C) used / has been shown D) to be used / is shown E) having used / had been shown



13. While dialysis is an option ---- people suffering from kidney disease, no similar treatment is available for people ---- severe liver disease.



10. Heatstroke is a life-threatening condition which ---- from extreme exposure to heat, in which a person ---- enough to lower body temperature. A) had resulted / does not sweat



A) in / without



B) with / at



B) resulted / won’t sweat



C) for / with



D) of / within



E) over / on



C) has resulted / would not sweat D) results / cannot sweat E) will result / did not sweat



14. ---- oral decongestants reduce cold symptoms by 20%, nasal sprays can reduce symptoms by as much as 70%.



11. I can still remember my excitement when I ---- for the first time how one’s understanding of the concepts of probability and risk ---- to and enhance diagnostic and therapeutic problems in clinical care. A) saw / could be applied



A) While



B) Because



C) Unless



D) As long as E) Supposing



B) had seen / could have been applied C) could see / will be applied D) have seen / was applied E) see / had been applied



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



20



A ÜDS İNG SAĞ. BİL. / EKİM 2008 15. ---- a new anti-viral drug is developed, scientists first test it on the hepatitis C virus. A) Even if



B) Before D) Because



19. – 23. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



C) Since



E) Whenever



Fifteen million Europeans are infected by the hepatitis B and C viruses, and chronic hepatitis is responsible for two-thirds of all cirrhoses and cancers of the liver. Thanks to experience with HIV, we (19) ---- multi-therapy strategies in our fight (20) ---hepatitis, combining several drugs to reduce the development of any resistance. These strategies now allow us to completely (21) ---- the virus from the patient’s body in 50% of hepatitis C cases. (22) ----, multi-therapy treatment can only halt hepatitis B, not cure it. This is why vaccination is (23) ---- important.



16. A brain abscess may be fatal ---- it is treated with antibiotics. A) but



B) whereas D) unless



19. A) have developed



C) just as



B) had developed



E) in case



C) may have developed D) will have developed E) must have developed



20. 17. Lycopene is an important part of the body’s cell protection system which neutralizes free radicals and ---- decreases the risk of cardiovascular disease. A) on the contrary



B) on the way



C) as well



D) yet



A) to



B) against



C) about



D) towards E) of



21.



E) in this way



A) eradicate



B) cancel



D) clean



C) delay



E) disappear



22. 18. Toxic amblyopic, usually involving only one eye, is a condition ---- retrobulbar neuritis, which usually affects both eyes. A) the same as



B) similar to



C) as regards



D) according to



A) Accordingly



B) Besides



C) As a result



D) On the other hand E) As well as



23.



E) as well as



A) such



B) just D) both



C) as well E) so Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



21



A ÜDS İNG SAĞ. BİL. / EKİM 2008 27. Because lymphocytes make up a relatively small proportion of white blood cells, ----.



24. – 35. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.



A) lymphocytopenia is an abnormally low lymphocyte count – below 1,500 cells per microlitre of blood in adults



24. Whereas many insomniacs believe that they lack sufficient sleep, ----.



B) the two main types of lymphocytes are Blymphocytes, also called B-cells, and Tlymphocytes, also called T-cells



A) the chronic inability to either fall asleep or keep sleeping are symptoms of insomnia B) they should arrange their retiring and rising times so that they spend eight hours in bed C) evidence shows that they are in fact getting at least as much as they require



C) a reduction in their number may not cause a significant decrease in white blood cell count D) lymphocytopenia can be caused by a variety of diseases and conditions



D) many people are usually drowsy early in the morning



E) people who have low T-lymphocyte counts usually have more severe lymphocytopenia than people who have low B-lymphocyte counts



E) studies have shown that sleeping seven hours a night is associated with the lowest mortality risk



25. ----, but one sees an upright image.



28. ---- whether the prostate gland is enlarged.



A) The analysis of the image by the brain proceeds piecemeal



A) Routine urine analysis includes chemical analysis to detect protein, sugar and ketones



B) Refractive errors can be corrected with glasses or lenses



B) Proteinuria is usually a sign of kidney disease C) Blood in the urine is detectable by examination under a microscope



C) Disorders of the nervous system can damage the optic nerve, which carries impulses to the brain



D) The doctor performs a rectal examination in a man to feel



D) The lens in your eye casts an upside-down image on your retina



E) Pain in the bladder is most often caused by a bacterial infection



E) The perception of a face depends largely on the relative positions of the features



29. ----, though they may tire easily and may not be able to keep up with a demanding schedule.



26. When the mother contracts German measles during the first trimester of pregnancy, ----. A) it is impossible to repair intracardiac defects while the heart is still pumping



A) Doctors consider the possibility of multiple sclerosis in younger people who suddenly develop blurred vision



B) the same defect has been known to occur in identical twins and in succeeding generations



B) People with multiple sclerosis may have a few more white blood cells than normal



C) congenital defects of the heart are also associated with other congenital defects of the body



C) People who become weak and unable to move easily may develop bedsores



D) these complications may affect only the pregnant woman or both the woman and the foetus E) this often causes the development of heart defects in the foetus



D) Leber’s hereditary optic atrophy is more common in men E) People with multiple sclerosis can often maintain an active lifestyle



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



22



A ÜDS İNG SAĞ. BİL. / EKİM 2008 33. You may increase your risk of contact dermatitis, especially on sensitive skin, ----.



30. ----, the body quickly pulls water from tissues outside the bloodstream in order to keep the blood vessels filled. A) Just as blood pressure falls



A) on condition that you have satisfied hydration and radiance concerns



B) When blood is lost



B) just because your skin feels smoother



C) In case anaemia is caused by excessive bleeding



C) if you keep changing your skin-care products D) as you have a problem limited only to the skin



D) Since the body’s oxygen supply decreases



E) before you become worried about wrinkles



E) Before simple blood tests can identify anaemia



31. A peptic ulcer is a well-defined round or oval sore ----. A) even though the treatment is the same for children as for adults



34. Infections are more likely and usually more severe in the elderly than in younger adults, ----. A) while for serious infections, combinations of antibiotics are often used



B) whether the pain occurs at a specific time of day C) unless the x-ray study is normal, and the doctor still suspects an ulcer



B) even though many long-term disorders that are common in the elderly also increase the risk of infection



D) where the lining of the stomach has been damaged or eroded by stomach acid and digestive juices



C) in that both physical barriers and the immune system defend the body against organisms that can cause infection



E) since young children have difficulty in describing their symptoms precisely



D) although the elderly are more likely to be in a hospital or nursing home, where the risk of acquiring a serious infection is greater E) probably because aging reduces the effectiveness of the body’s immune system



32. Most people can, to some extent, protect themselves from HIV, ----.



35. ----, some infections, such as typhoid fever, cause a slower rate than would be expected for the severity of the fever.



A) as psychologists have played an important role in combating the spread of infection



A) As long as infection and fever generally make a person breathe faster



B) but infants born to HIV-infected mothers are always susceptible



B) Although most infections increase the pulse rate



C) because the disease is easily transmitted during medical or surgical procedures



C) As abnormalities of brain function may occur in severe infection



D) even though HIV progresses over a decade or more



D) While a serious infection may cause stress ulcers in the upper intestine



E) so long as they have found meaning and positive experiences in their lives



E) Unless an organism gets through the body’s natural barriers



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



23



A ÜDS İNG SAĞ. BİL. / EKİM 2008 37. Among the most exciting recent developments in medical technology are techniques that allow physicians to see the organs and organ systems without resorting to surgery.



36. – 38. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz. 36. Despite the chance that antibiotics may increase the risk of infection by suppressing some bacteria and allowing others to grow faster, these drugs can greatly reduce the risk of infection when used properly.



A) Medikal teknolojideki en heyecan verici gelişmeler arasında yer alan son teknikler, doktorların organları ve organ sistemlerini ameliyata başvurmadan görmelerine imkân tanıyanlardır. B) Doktorların organları ve organ sistemlerini ameliyata başvurmadan görmelerine imkân tanıyan teknikler, medikal teknolojideki heyecan verici en son gelişmelerden biridir.



A) Antibiyotiklerin enfeksiyon riskini artırma olasılığına karşı, bazı bakterileri bastırıp, diğerlerinin hızla büyümesi sağlanarak, bu ilaçların enfeksiyon riski uygun kullanımla önemli ölçüde azaltılabilir.



C) Medikal teknolojideki en heyecan verici son gelişmeler arasında doktorların organları ve organ sistemlerini ameliyata başvurmadan görmelerine imkân tanıyan teknikler gelmektedir.



B) Antibiyotiklerin bazı bakterileri bastırıp, diğerlerinin daha hızlı büyümesine neden olması yüzünden enfeksiyon riski artmaktadır; enfeksiyon riskini azaltmak için bu ilaçların dikkatle kullanılması gerekmektedir. C) Her ne kadar antibiyotikler enfeksiyon riskini artırıyorlarsa da, bazı bakterilerin bastırılmasına, diğerlerinin de hızlı büyümesine imkân tanınarak bu ilaçların uygun kullanımıyla enfeksiyon riski önemli oranda azaltılabilir. D) Antibiyotiklerin bazı bakterileri bastırıp diğerlerinin daha hızlı büyümesine imkân sağlayarak enfeksiyon riskini artırabileceği olasılığına rağmen, bu ilaçlar, uygun bir şekilde kullanıldıklarında enfeksiyon riskini önemli ölçüde azaltırlar. E) Bazı bakterileri bastırıp, diğerlerinin hızla büyümesini sağlamak antibiyotiklerin enfeksiyon riskini artırsa da, bu ilaçların doğru oranlarda kullanımı enfeksiyon riskini büyük oranda azaltabilir.



D) Doktorların organları ve organ sistemlerini ameliyata başvurmadan görmelerine imkân tanıyan teknikler, medikal teknolojideki en heyecan verici gelişmeler arasında sayılmaktadır. E) Medikal teknolojide doktorların organları ve organ sistemlerini görmesini sağlayan tekniklerin arasında en heyecan verici olanı, ameliyata gerek bırakmayan en son tekniktir.



38. Pain is not an inevitable consequence of cancer, but most people with cancer experience pain either as a result of the progression of the disease or due to the various treatments for cancer. A) Ağrı kanserin kaçınılmaz bir sonucu değildir; fakat, kanserli pek çok kişi hastalığın ilerlemesinin bir sonucu olarak veya çeşitli kanser tedavileri yüzünden ağrı çeker. B) Kanserin kaçınılmaz sonucu ağrı değildir, ancak, kanserli hastalar hastalığın ilerlemesi sonucu, uygulanan tedavilere bağlı olarak ağrı çekerler. C) Hastalığın ilerlemesi ya da çeşitli tedaviler sonucu kanserli hastaların ağrı çekmesi, ağrının kanserin kaçınılmaz sonucu olduğunu göstermez. D) Kanserin sonu, kaçınılmaz olan ağrılar değildir; ancak kanser hastalarının çoğu ağrıyı ya hastalığın ilerlemesi ya da çeşitli kanser tedavileri nedeniyle çekerler. E) Kanserde kaçınılmaz olan sonuç ağrı değildir; fakat pek çok kanserli insan hastalığın ilerlemesi sonucu çeşitli kanser tedavileri gördükleri için ağrı çekerler.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



24



A ÜDS İNG SAĞ. BİL. / EKİM 2008 41. Doğumdan sonra meydana gelen ciddi hormonal dalgalanmalar, hassas kadınlarda doğum sonrası depresyonuna neden olabilir, ancak, bu rahatsızlığın nedenleri tam olarak anlaşılmamıştır.



39. – 41. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz. 39. Panik atak belirtileri o kadar ciddi ve korkutucudur ki insanlar bunları sıklıkla kalp krizi belirtileriyle karıştırıp, hasteneye koşarlar.



A) Dramatic hormonal fluctuations that occur after delivery may cause postpartum depression in susceptible women, but the causes of the disorder have not been fully understood.



A) Rushing to the hospital for a panic attack is not necessary, even though its symptoms are so severe and frightening that they are often mistaken for those of a heart attack.



B) It is thought that postpartum depression may be caused by the dramatic hormonal fluctuations that occur after delivery, although the causes of the disorder have not been adequately understood.



B) The symptoms of a panic attack are severe and frightening, and people often mistake them for heart attack symptoms and rush to the hospital. C) Because panic attack symptoms are so severe and frightening, people often rush to the hospital, mistaking them for signs of a heart attack. D) People often rush to the hospital when experiencing a panic attack, as the symptoms are as severe and frightening as those of a heart attack. E) Panic attack symptoms are so severe and frightening that people often mistake them for signs of a heart attack and rush to the hospital.



C) While postpartum depression in susceptible women is linked to the dramatic hormonal fluctuations occurring after delivery, the causes of the disorder have not been properly understood. D) Some women may be susceptible to postpartum depression as a result of dramatic hormonal fluctuations that occur after delivery, but doctors have not yet fully understood the causes of this condition. E) Even though the causes of postpartum depression have not been understood yet, doctors suspect that, in susceptible women, it may be caused by dramatic hormonal fluctuations that occur after delivery.



40. Genetikçiler, çeşitli çevresel faktörlerin yanı sıra, en az on beş genin ankziyete ve strese karşı hassasiyete neden olabileceğini tahmin ediyorlar. A) At least fifteen genes, together with some environmental factors, are estimated by geneticists to be likely to contribute to anxiety and susceptibility to stress. B) According to geneticists, anxiety and susceptibility to stress are likely caused by at least fifteen genes, as well as a few environmental factors. C) Geneticists believe that at least fifteen genes and different environmental factors contribute to anxiety and susceptibility to stress. D) Geneticists estimate that, along with various environmental factors, at least fifteen genes may contribute to anxiety and susceptibility to stress. E) Geneticists are of the opinion that, besides serious environmental factors, at least fifteen genes do contribute to anxiety and susceptibility to stress.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



25



A ÜDS İNG SAĞ. BİL. / EKİM 2008 42. – 46. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz. 42. The liver receives blood from both the intestine and the heart. Tiny capillaries in the intestinal wall drain into the portal vein, which enters the liver. ----. The hepatic artery brings blood to the liver from the heart. This blood carries oxygen for the liver tissue itself as well as cholesterol and other substances for processing. A) The liver converts substances in digested food into proteins



44. ----. Studies on rats show that every drop of sugar syrup they swallow causes a surge in their dopamine levels – a sign of desire and a biochemical marker of substance abuse. Boosting dopamine time after time is what drugs of abuse do. That makes scientists wonder whether food also has addictive properties. A) Some researchers have begun to suspect that obesity, eating disorders, and even the ordinary urges of appetite might resemble drug addiction B) Evolution has furnished us with several neurochemicals and neural circuits that make eating a deeply pleasurable activity C) Scientists now realize that appetite and hunger are not regulated only by energy balance in the body, but also by human psychology



B) The liver manufactures about half of the body’s cholesterol C) Abnormalities of liver function can be divided broadly into two groups



D) The appetite-regulation network in the human body has evolved over millions of years to err on the side of over-eating



D) Sugars are stored in the liver as glycogen



E) The same brain receptors that bind the opioids released by eating high-calorie food also respond to morphine and heroin, with more pronounced results



E) The blood then flows through tiny channels inside the liver



43. Normally, the pancreas secretes pancreatic juice through the pancreatic duct to the duodenum. ----. Blockage of the pancreatic duct stops the flow of the pancreatic juice. Usually, the blockage is temporary and causes limited damage, which is soon repaired. A) The pancreas is a leaf-shaped gland about five inches long B) Acute pancreatitis is a sudden inflammation of the pancreas C) This pancreatic juice contains digestive enzymes D) Almost everyone with acute pancreatitis suffers severe abdominal pain in the upper midabdomen E) No single blood test proves a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



26



A ÜDS İNG SAĞ. BİL. / EKİM 2008 45. The McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) is the most frequently used pain questionnaire. It has been used to assess pain relief in a variety of treatment programmes and has demonstrated some validity in assessing multiple pain syndromes. ----. Sensory qualities of pain are its temporal, spatial, pressure and thermal properties; affective qualities are its fear, tension and autonomic properties that are part of the pain experience; and evaluative qualities are the words that describe the subjective overall intensity of the pain experience. A) Pain has physical and psychological elements, both of which can be quantified and measured B) The measurement of pain is important because it allows clinicians to quantify their patients’ pain



47. – 51. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz. 47. Polly : - This is terrible! Have you read this article on dirty needles being used for vaccinations in poor countries? Karin : - Yes, and it is terrible. Apparently, anti-tetanus shots given with used needles are spreading HIV. Polly : - ---Karin : - Well, you know, they may not have enough needles, so they may have to use them more than once.



C) Self-reports of pain include simple rating scales, standardized pain inventories, and standardized personality tests D) The questionnaire provides a subjective report of pain and categorizes it in three dimensions E) Pain rating scales make no distinction, for example, among pains that are pounding, shooting, stabbing or hot



A) I think wealthy countries should donate disposable needles to poorer countries. B) How can the health workers in those countries do such a thing? C) They should test everyone’s blood before giving a vaccine. D) Tetanus and HIV are both dangerous infectious diseases. E) The health workers are probably selling the clean needles illegally.



46. Although skin cancer is associated with a behavioural risk (voluntary exposure to the sun over a long period of time), it also has a strong genetic component. Light-skinned, fair-haired, blue-eyed individuals, compared with darkskinned people, are more likely to develop skin cancer, and much of their damage occurs with sun exposure during childhood. ----. They must take protective measures, including using sunscreen and wearing protective clothing while exposed to the sun. A) Not all skin cancers are innocuous; one form, malignant melanoma, can be deadly B) Twenty-five per cent of adults in the US sunbathe frequently, and one-fourth of those do not use sunscreens at the recommended levels C) Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer, but most types of skin cancer are curable D) During the past 50 years, the relationship between skin cancer mortality rates and geographic latitude has gradually decreased E) These people should avoid prolonged and frequent exposure to the sun



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



27



A ÜDS İNG SAĞ. BİL. / EKİM 2008 50. Peter : - Here’s an interesting job advertisement. It seems they’re looking for a person with a PhD in physical sciences to assist in a nanomedicine study.



48. Doctor : - Have you gained any weight since you started taking this high blood pressure medication? Patient : - ---Doctor : - No, you shouldn’t. This particular drug is known to cause weight gain, so it’s normal. You should just take care to eat properly and get enough exercise.



George : - If the research topic is medicine, why do they need a physicist? Peter : - ---George : - I guess that makes sense. Most doctors don’t have that kind of training.



Patient : - Alright, then. A) No, I don’t think so, and I’m glad I haven’t.



A) I would assume that they need someone with experience in handling nanoparticles.



B) How do you know? Well, I’m going on a crash diet now to try and lose it. C) I can see you are worried.



B) They must need help with something outside their realm. What is nanomedicine, anyway?



D) As a matter of fact, I have. Should I be worried about it?



C) I can’t guess, but I think nanomedicine has promise for the future.



E) I’ve heard that many drugs are related to obesity in patients.



D) The reason is unclear. Maybe there’s a mistake in the advertisement. E) I don’t know. Why don’t we look at the website to find out?



49. Doctor : - How have you been feeling since we started you on the cholesterol-lowering diet and drug regimen?



51. Martha : - It has been stated that schizophrenia is a major public health problem throughout the world.



Harry : - Well, it’s been really hard for me. I’m not allowed to eat what I want, and I’ve been feeling depressed and aggressive for some reason.



Colleague : - Yes, I’ve read somewhere that schizophrenia is more prevalent than Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, or multiple sclerosis.



Doctor : - ----



Martha : - ----



Harry : - In other words, they are only temporary then.



Colleague : - Well, what makes a person vulnerable to schizophrenia isn’t known, but may include genetic predisposition.



A) Well, you’ll just have to continue with the regimen. You have your cardiovascular health to consider, you know! B) Would you like to try psychological counselling to help to confront these feelings? C) Unfortunately, those are common side-effects of the drug you are taking.



A) In fact, as a serious mental disorder, it is characterized by loss of contact with reality. B) However, over longer periods, the prognosis of schizophrenia varies. C) I strongly believe that it is to do with a person’s genes.



D) Maybe we should consider alternate medication for your condition.



D) Clearly, the severity and types of symptoms can vary significantly.



E) Why don’t you try stopping the diet and continuing with the drug, then?



E) It is true that schizophrenia is associated with about 10 per cent risk of suicide. Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



28



A ÜDS İNG SAĞ. BİL. / EKİM 2008 52. – 56. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. 52. (I) Cigarette smoking is most likely to cause oral cancer. (II) When nicotine is delivered to the brain, catecholamines, that is, neurotransmitters that include epinephrine and norepinephrine, are released. (III) These substances act as stimulants, increasing cortical arousal, which can be measured by an electroencephalograph (EEG). (IV) In addition, smoking releases beta-endorphins, and the pleasurable effects of smoking may be due to the release of these opiates produced by the body. (V) Nicotine also increases the metabolic level, which explains the tendency for smokers to be thinner than nonsmokers. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



54. (I) Identifying bacteria is a critical business for doctors and food safety experts, but involves either culturing the bacteria until there are enough to look at under a microscope or amplifying the bacteria’s DNA. (II) Both these processes take hours, sometimes days. (III) The sensor is 25 times smaller than previously tested sensors, and is made of silicon, so it requires the same fabrication technique as computer chips and costs just eight cents. (IV) Now bacteriophages, the viruses that prey on bacteria and are notoriously choosy about which species they attack, are being put to work in an electrical sensor that detects bacteria within minutes. (V) The sensors take up less than a square millimetre each, so to identify unknown bacteria, hundreds could be integrated onto a single microchip with a different bacteriophage in each sensor. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



E) V



55. (I) Drugs cause rashes in several ways. (II) As with severe burns, the skin loss is life threatening. (III) Most drug rashes are allergic reactions to medications. (IV) After taking the first dose of a particular drug, a person may become sensitized to the drug. (V) Later exposure to the drug may trigger an allergic reaction. A) I



53. (I) The sugars lactose, sucrose, and maltose are broken down by the enzymes lactase, sucrase, and maltase, which are located in the lining of the small intestine. (II) Normally, the enzymes break these sugars into simple sugars, such as glucose, which are then absorbed into the blood through the intestinal wall. (III) If the necessary enzyme is lacking, the sugars are digested, and they can’t be absorbed. (IV) Thus, they remain in the small intestine, and the resulting high concentration of sugar draws fluid into the small intestine, causing diarrhea. (V) The nutritional deficiencies resulting from malabsorption can cause additional symptoms. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



56. (I) The first step in considering the possibility of a genetic abnormality is obtaining a family history. (II) A doctor or genetic counsellor constructs a family tree by asking about medical problems affecting family members. (III) For an accurate appraisal of genetic risks, information about three generations in the family is usually needed. (IV) The state of health or cause of death of all first-degree and second-degree relatives is noted. (V) One of the most common tests used to diagnose genetic abnormalities in a foetus is ultrasound scanning.



E) V



A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



29



A ÜDS İNG SAĞ. BİL. / EKİM 2008 58. According to the passage, among the age groups, it is the very young and very old ----.



57. – 60. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Viral infections of the respiratory tract are certainly the most common cause of infectious illness in most countries. People in all age groups are susceptible, but for those at the extremes of life these illnesses are particularly hazardous. Viral respiratory infections are more common in children under the age of five years, but in the first year of life, they are more severe. In the elderly, degenerative processes of the heart or lungs make pneumonia a more frequent and serious complication, and the same is true for patients of all ages suffering from chronic cardiac disease or chronic bronchitis. On the whole, the vast majority of viral respiratory infections are mild though often uncomfortable conditions, but sometimes the illness is severe and constitutes a threat to life. Unfortunately, there is no method whereby the spread of infection can be prevented. Adequate ventilation and avoidance of crowds are clearly advisable.



A) that are more frequently threatened by pneumonia B) that suffer most from chronic bronchitis as well as pneumonia C) whose health is far more easily affected by crowds D) who always have a mild infection of the respiratory tract E) who are more susceptible to viral infections of the respiratory tract



59. It is pointed out in the passage that viral respiratory infections ----. A) and pneumonia have no connection whatsoever B) can be almost completely prevented throughout the world C) are mild illnesses that are most common among elderly people D) pose a serious threat, especially to children in their first year E) cause no harm at all to the heart and lungs



60. In the passage, attention is particularly drawn to the fact that people with chronic cardiac disease or chronic bronchitis ----.



57. It is clear from the passage that, especially in the case of elderly people, ----.



A) cannot be treated effectively against viral infections of the respiratory tract



A) having their rooms well-ventilated will prevent viral respiratory infections



B) may experience severe complications because of a viral respiratory infection



B) viral respiratory infections can lead to serious consequences



C) develop pneumonia far more rarely than those at the extremes of life



C) the treatment of pneumonia may involve a very complicated process



D) should avoid any hazardous contact with other patients



D) chronic cardiac disease can rarely be prevented



E) are less vulnerable to viral respiratory infections than any other age group



E) all kinds of viral infections must be avoided under all circumstances



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



30



A ÜDS İNG SAĞ. BİL. / EKİM 2008 62. One understands from the passage that, in the case of adolescents, ----.



61. – 64. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) parents rather than doctors know how to get over problems of behaviour



As adolescents begin to assert their individuality, family tensions increase, and battles are fought over clothes and hair styles, late nights and so on. The doctor may find himself consulted; some parents feel that, if their children get into trouble or disagree with them, they must be ill. Others seek a referee or an accomplice in the battle of the generations. Often the younger doctor in a partnership has an advantage in dealing with such problems, being able to bridge the generation gap and communicate well with both parents and teenagers. Both generations need education about the other and particularly about current norms of behaviour. Children may have to be reminded that their parents also have rights, and parents, especially those with unrealistic ambitions for their offspring, or those determined to live their lives again through their children, must be taught to give their children more independence.



B) staying out late at night must never be allowed by parents C) it is seldom that there arises a conflict with their parents D) changes in behaviour do, in fact, indicate a statement of individuality E) any disagreement with their parents mostly results from family tensions



63. In the passage, reference is made to some parents ----. A) who have not been educated properly and, hence, fail to understand each other B) who have unattainable aspirations for their children C) whose only aim in life is to provide a good education for their children D) that deal with the problems of their children far better than doctors E) that are completely indifferent to the development of their children’s individuality



61. It is suggested in the passage that the generation gap between parents and their teenage children ----.



64. According to the passage, some parents think that ----.



A) can best be bridged through mutual understanding and tolerance



A) current norms of behaviour in society can never be tolerated



B) has ruined many families and caused many problems in education



B) children must never be allowed to act independently or behave differently



C) has always been a primary concern among younger doctors



C) it is not always helpful to consult a doctor about the behaviour of their children



D) is unnecessarily exaggerated by young doctors



D) any disagreement with their children is an indication of their abnormality



E)



could easily turn into a major problem that cannot be solved



E) tensions in the family will always lead to an unending generation battle



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



31



A ÜDS İNG SAĞ. BİL. / EKİM 2008 67. As one can see from the passage, one thing is certain about the brain, and that is the fact that ----.



65. – 68. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) it only functions through motor nerves



Most of the functions of the brain are still unknown, and the ones we know about are very poorly understood. The brain is assumed to be the organ of higher mental function, of the mind and intellect, but there is surprisingly little evidence for this, and no one has any idea what physical structures or mechanisms perform these functions. The brain is known to control all bodily functions by means of motor and other nerves which carry impulses from the brain outwards to all parts of the body. Sometimes these are under our voluntary control; mostly, they are involuntary, reflexive or automatic. Reflexive actions are the result of impulses passed inwards from the body towards the brain by means of sensory nerves. Information arriving in the brain about various sensations like heat, pain, touch, position, the need for saliva or gastric juice or even the thought or smell of food are acted on in the various “centres” in the brain.



B) all the impulses coming from it are involuntary C) some intellectual functions take place in it D) every bodily function is controlled by it E) its main function consists of reflexive actions



65. It is clear from the passage that every part of the human body ----. A) is not sensitive to all the impulses sent by the brain B) does not show the same kind of reaction against sensations C) is connected to the brain through all kinds of nerves D) has a different kind of sensation not immediately acted on by the brain E)



68. It is stressed in the passage that sensory nerves ----.



is controlled and acted on by a specific centre in the brain



A) have nothing to do with the body’s reflexive actions B) perform a limited number of voluntary functions



66. According to the passage, the question of how the brain functions ----.



C) are so complicated that very little is known about them



A) arises from problems related to the “centres” in the brain



D) perform most of the functions controlled by the brain



B) is essentially related to the question of how reflexive actions take place



E) carry impulses from the body to the brain



C) has been thoroughly investigated and, consequently, resolved D) has only become a major concern in medicine in recent decades E) does not yet have a full answer and still needs to be studied Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



32



A ÜDS İNG SAĞ. BİL. / EKİM 2008 70. As explained in the passage, tartar ----.



69. – 72. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) is a major factor that causes bleeding along the gumline of the teeth



Gingivitis is the inflammation of the gums. Under this condition, the gums become red and swollen and bleed easily. An extremely common condition, gingivitis can develop any time after a person’s teeth come in, and it is almost always the result of inadequate brushing and flossing, which allows plaque to remain along the gumline of the teeth. Plaque, which is a soft, sticky film made up primarily of bacteria, accumulates especially in faulty fillings and around the teeth next to poorly cleaned partial dentures, bridges, and orthodontic appliances. When plaque stays on the teeth for more than 72 hours, it hardens into tartar, which can’t be completely removed by brushing and flossing. Although plaque is the main cause of gingivitis, other factors can make the inflammation worse, especially pregnancy, puberty, and birth control drugs.



B) forms around the teeth if plaque is not removed within three days C) generally results from faulty fillings and unflossed partial dentures D) is best removed from the teeth through frequent flossing E) can be effectively prevented by the use of suitable orthodontic appliances



71. It is stressed in the passage that, even as early as childhood, ----. A) a great majority of people understand the bad effects of plaque B) people should be taught how to brush their teeth C) many people become aware of the importance of flossing D) some people know how to get rid of tartar E) people may suffer from gingivitis



69. It is pointed out in the passage that gingivitis ----.



72. As one understands from the passage, it is usually due to poor brushing and flossing that ----.



A) in women usually develops only when birth control drugs are taken



A) orthodontic appliances can be dangerous



B) is rare, even when the teeth are not brushed properly



B) the gumline of the teeth has plaque, which causes gingivitis



C) can increase in severity due to various factors



C) birth control drugs can be harmful to the teeth



D) is generally seen in grown-ups rather than children and young people E)



D) the gums get rapidly swollen



can be treated most effectively through efficient flossing



E) dentures and bridges are soon deformed



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



33



A ÜDS İNG SAĞ. BİL. / EKİM 2008 74. Each definition of fitness given in the passage ----.



73. – 76. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Narrowly defined, fitness refers to the characteristics that enable the body to perform physical activity. These characteristics include flexibility of the joints, strength and endurance of the muscles, including the heart muscle, and a healthy body composition. A broader definition of fitness is the ability to meet routine physical demands with enough energy reserve to rise to a sudden challenge. This definition shows how fitness relates to everyday life. Ordinary tasks such as carrying heavy suitcases, opening a stuck window, or climbing four flights of stairs, which might strain an unfit person, are easy for a fit person. Still another definition is the body’s ability to withstand stress, meaning both physical and psychological stress. These definitions do not contradict each other; all three describe the same wonderful condition of the body.



A) is not complete and has already aroused much controversy among specialists B) refers to various things and is therefore widely different from the others C) is perfectly compatible with the others and draws attention to the same thing D) offers guidelines about the development of a healthy body composition E) underlines the ways whereby the muscles can best be made stronger



75. It is implied in the passage that, if one is not fit, one ----. A) can still find it easy to climb the stairs or open a stuck window B) should still try to do all kinds of tasks that cause physical and psychological stress C) must do his or her best to increase the energy reserve of the body D) should only carry out ordinary tasks in everyday life E) may find it hard to do the routine tasks of everyday life



76. According to the passage, a strong heart muscle ----.



73. According to the passage, fitness, among other things, enables ----.



A) is indispensable to get rid of physical stress



A) an unfit person to perform various tasks in everyday life



B) can only be developed through hard physical activities



B) the heart to perform its task regularly C) people to understand their body composition fully



C) is one of the indications of being fit D) need not be related to physical fitness



D) the body to overcome psychological stress E) a person to conserve his or her energy efficiently



E) is the only indication of a healthy body composition



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



34



A ÜDS İNG SAĞ. BİL. / EKİM 2008 78. One understands from the passage that calories ----.



77. – 80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. The immediate cause of obesity is the prolonged consumption of a diet containing more calories than are needed to provide for the body’s tissue repair, vital functions and physical activities. In modern society, food has become very plentiful and attractive, and the physical effort demanded by many occupations has diminished. Most people in civilized communities eat more than they require, and it is surprising that obesity is not more common than it is. It is difficult to escape the conclusion that there exists some unknown mechanism by which the body is enabled to get rid of the surplus calories which would otherwise be stored as fat. If there were not such a mechanism, obesity would be much more common.



A) must be sufficient for the body to meet its physical demands B) are mainly derived from foods which are rich in fat C) are for the body to carry out its tasks and activities D) must be reduced so as to enable the body to repair tissues E) taken through the consumption of various foods must always be limited



79. It is pointed out in the passage that, in most professions, ----. A) foods with a lot of fat should never be consumed B) the amount of calories needed has increased dramatically C) people pay a lot of attention to the kind of food they consume D) obesity has never been a serious concern E) the amount of the physical effort previously required has declined



80. It is stressed in the passage that, if a diet contains too many calories, ----.



77. According to the passage, it is not clear yet by what means ----.



A) the body becomes far more active and healthy



A) fat is stored in the body and causes the development of obesity



B) in the long run, it will most likely lead to obesity



B) obesity can be prevented most effectively or treated properly



C) it usually has a good effect on the body’s vital functions



C) the vital functions of the body can be maintained most efficiently



D) its consumption should be stopped immediately E) people in most civilized communities know how to avoid obesity



D) the consumption of calorie-rich foods can be increased in civilized communities E)



the body is able to eliminate its extra calories



TEST BİTTİ. CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



35



ÜNİVERSİTELERARASI KURUL YABANCI DİL SINAVI (ÜDS) 12 EKİM 2008



İNGİLİZCE SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ TESTİ CEVAP ANAHTARI A KİTAPÇIĞI



1. E



21. A



41. A



61. A



2. D



22. D



42. E



62. D



3. A



23. E



43. C



63. B



4. D



24. C



44. A



64. D



5. B



25. D



45. D



65. C



6. E



26. E



46. E



66. E



7. C



27. C



47. B



67. D



8. E



28. D



48. D



68. E



9. C



29. E



49. C



69. C



10. D



30. B



50. A



70. B



11. A



31. D



51. C



71. E



12. B



32. B



52. A



72. B



13. C



33. C



53. E



73. D



14. A



34. E



54. C



74. C



15. E



35. B



55. B



75. E



16. D



36. D



56. E



76. C



17. E



37. C



57. B



77. E



18. B



38. A



58. E



78. C



19. A



39. E



59. D



79. E



20. B



40. D



60. B



80. B



A İNGİLİZCE ÜDS İNG SOS. BİL. / EKİM 2008 6. Few people know that many research projects are ---- solely by the EU.



1. – 18. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. 1. In the Philippines, with its numerous scandals and continuing power struggle, the public is frustrated, and economic ---- is in jeopardy. A) progress



B) decline



D) depression



A) settled down



B) put up with



C) written up



D) set out E) carried out



C) recession



E) failure 7. Since 1985, Bolivia ---- economic changes that ---phenomenally successful.



2. Both Saudi Arabia and China know that it is in their ---- interest to cooperate economically and increase trade between them. A) notable



B) precious D) responsible



A) implemented / had been B) has implemented / have been



C) mutual



C) was implementing / were



E) implicit



D) implements / are E) had implemented / will be



3. Whereas in the past, some Asian countries were driven ---- by ideology, today, economics has become their driving force. A) respectively



B) unequally



D) entirely



C) likely



8. For a long time, psychologists ---- that major personality makeovers ---- impossible.



E) favourably



A) have believed / are B) believe / are going to be C) believed / will be



4. As the automotive sector continues to ---- its operations, it creates even more jobs and opportunities in the communities where it does business. A) settle



B) extract D) contract



D) would have believed / have been E) had believed / had been



C) expand



E) reduce 9. When Germany ---- Yugoslavia 1941, Bosnia and Herzegovina ----- part of the Nazi-controlled Croatia.



5. According to the World Bank’s latest figures from 2005, of 196 countries around the world, 131 ---food imports to feed their citizens.



A) has invaded / had been made B) had invaded / would have been made



A) keep up



B) rely on



C) invaded / were made



C) drop out



D) bring about



D) invades / have been made



E) run out



E) was to invade / could have been made



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



36



A ÜDS İNG SOS. BİL. / EKİM 2008 10. If she ---- more pessimistic, most probably she ---up, but instead, she went on trying. A) were / had given B) has been / has given C) had been / may have given



14. Perfectionism constricts people just when the fast-moving world requires more flexibility, and ----, it turns them into success slaves. A) consequently



B) nevertheless



C) still



D) however E) contrarily



D) is / will give E) were / would have given



15. ---- Americans are generally marrying less, they still marry, divorce and especially remarry at rates higher than in most other countries. 11. There ---- no doubt that the oil sector ---- the basis of the Iraqi economy for many years to come.



A) As



B) When



C) Since



D) Just as



A) has been / may have formed



E) Even though



B) is / will form C) was / has formed D) had been / formed



16. ---- English contains a vast lexical inheritance from Latin, Persian has absorbed a great number of Arabic loanwords.



E) will be / would form



A) As long as



B) Because



D) Just as



C) Even if



E) Whether



12. ---- an average of five credit cards per person, the people in the United States buy more ---- credit than the people in any other country in the world. A) By / from



B) For / of



C) To / with



D) With / on



17. Some 30 women are running in the Kuwaiti general election, ---- few, if any, are expected to win.



E) At / by



A) so that



B) in that D) because



13. The Bush Administration’s restoration of diplomatic relations with Libya ---- more than a quarter of a century of often violent confrontation is largely the result of several years ---painstaking and mostly secret diplomacy.



C) whether



E) although



18. Studying the origin of language was once thought to be ---- an endeavour ---- scientific societies actually forbade it.



A) for / by



B) in / over



A) rather / than



B) such / that



C) after / of



D) through / through



C) not / but



D) either / or



E) at / with



E) both / and



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



37



A ÜDS İNG SOS. BİL. / EKİM 2008 24. – 35. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.



19. – 23. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



24. ----, which are cheap but durable. The first half of this interesting book provides an introduction to the theory and practice (19) ---- logic. The authors provide a historical (20) ---- of models of logic from Aristotle to choice theory and “fuzzy logic.” They show (21) ---- the use the principles to analyze and construct logical arguments. (22) ---- they give some medical examples, this section is generic and thus, this book (23) ---- well as a text for an introductory course in a philosophy curriculum. Good illustrations and boxed definitions help to guide the reader, too.



A) In Africa, China has found a ready market for its manufactured goods B) Most Chinese products are ideal for African conditions C) Some African states are still trying to recover from internal conflicts D) Africa can learn far more from China than it can from the developed nations



19. A) of



B) in D) under



E) The US has openly criticized China for selling arms to Africa’s undemocratic regimes



C) at E) within



20. A) quotation



B) controversy



C) omission



D) overview



25. ---- that the US is trying hard to increase the share of its oil imports from sub-Saharan Africa. A) There is a great deal of controversy



E) result



B) It will be interesting C) It has been revealed in a recent report



21.



D) There has been much debate A) what



B) whether



C) whom



D) which



E) Most African states have been approached



E) how



22.



26. ----, but much is being done to improve facilities. A) Just as



B) Although



C) Since



D) After



A) The Moroccan government has invested in the expansion of some airports B) Morocco needs to reduce its reliance on foreign aid



E) Because



C) The main obstacle in Morocco at present to further growth in mass tourism is the lack of infrastructure



23. A) will have served



D) Agadir is Morocco’s most developed coastal resort



B) has served



E) The World Bank has agreed to provide Morocco new funds



C) had served D) would serve E) may have served



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



38



A ÜDS İNG SOS. BİL. / EKİM 2008 30. After World War I, the League of Nations gave France a mandate over Syria, ----.



27. ----, who were later joined by Germanic peoples. A) Prague, one of Europe’s most beautiful capital cities, has a population of just over one million



A) as it formed in 1958, together with Egypt, the United Arab Republic



B) Today we all know that the Czech Republic is one of Europe’s youngest nations



B) since France recognized it in 1930 as an independent republic



C) In 1993 Czechoslovakia was peacefully divided into two independent states as the Czech Republic and Slovakia



C) even though nationalist demonstrations in 1945 broke into actual fighting



D) The Czech Republic has produced writers, artists, and musicians of world renown



D) but the French were soon opposed by several nationalist uprisings



E) Around 500 B.C. the area now known as the Czech Republic was settled by Celtic tribes



E) whereby it became independent on 29 September 1961, following a revolution



28. ----, although the sculptural decorations were not completed until 1795.



31. Finding less expensive accommodation in big cities can be difficult, ----.



A) The Brandenburg Gate has witnessed many historical events B) Berlin’s Brandenburg Gate was designed by Carl Gotthard Langhans C) The Brandenburg Gate is crowned by the famous sculpture of a chariot drawn by four horses



A) while most cities have several international chain hotels B) unless one stays outside the city centre C) whereas high prices generally apply to hotels in historic buildings



D) The Brandenburg Gate in Berlin was erected between 1788 and 1791



D) if a room in a pension or private home is usually more reasonable



E) The Brandenburg Gate is the most striking symbol of the city of Berlin



E) since most hotels prefer to create a family atmosphere



32. Present-day Austria emerged in 1919, ----.



29. ---- when it was conquered by Scipio Africanus. A) Spain, originally inhabited by Celts, became a part of the Roman Empire in 206 B.C.



A) when the lands of its former Habsburg Empire were granted independence



B) From the 12th to the 15th century, Aragon and Castile were the only Spanish states



B) since it was bordered by Switzerland and Germany to the west and north



C) Off Spain’s east coast in the Mediterranean are the Balearic Islands



C) because it has existed as a country for less than 100 years



D) In 711, the Muslims under Tariq entered Spain from Africa



D) while it has thrived thanks to its position at the heart of Europe



E) Today Spain occupies 85% of the Iberian Peninsula, which it shares with Portugal



E) even though visitors are attracted by the glories of its imperial past



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



39



A ÜDS İNG SOS. BİL. / EKİM 2008 33. A report issued by the International Energy Agency warned that oil prices could be volatile in 2009, ----.



36. – 38. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz.



A) even though Venezuela had suspended trade agreements with several countries



36. An effective work group should be designed well from the start, bringing together people who can contribute to the right mix of knowledge, skills, tools and other resources necessary to succeed.



B) as several of America’s largest banks had announced high profits C) just as the inflation rate in the EU economic zone has risen well under 1% D) so that Europe’s finance ministers came closer to agreeing radical reforms in banking E) because production and refining capacity are not enough to meet world energy needs



A) İşin başında tasarlanmış etkin bir çalışma grubu, bilgi, beceri, gereç ve diğer kaynaklar konusunda katkıda bulunabilen insanları bir araya getirmektedir. B) Etkin bir çalışma grubunun bir araya getirilmesi için, bilgi, beceri, gereç ve diğer kaynakların doğru biçimde kaynaştırıldığı süreçlere katkıda bulunabilecek kişilerin daha baştan planlanması gerekir. C) Bilgiye, beceriye, gereçlere ve başarı için gerekli diğer kaynaklara katkıda bulunarak etkin bir çalışma grubu oluşturacak kişiler, henüz işin başındayken doğru biçimde bir araya getirilmelidir.



34. The more fundamental question is ----. A) because the government has put into effect new policies in agriculture



D) Etkili bir çalışma grubunun, başarılı olmak için bilgiye, becerilere, gereçlere ve diğer kaynaklara katkıda bulunabilecek insanları bir araya getirerek tasarlanması gerekir.



B) that most EU countries are in favour of radical reforms in the economy



E) Etkin bir çalışma grubu, başarmak için gerekli bilginin, becerilerin, gereçlerin ve diğer kaynakların doğru bileşimine katkıda bulunabilen kişileri bir araya getirerek baştan iyi bir biçimde tasarlanmalıdır.



C) whether such a biased foreign policy can serve the interests of the country D) in case there may be a call from the government for an early election E) while there have been introduced new plans to change working conditions



37. Bad things will come and find you, but for the good things you have to keep the door open, go hunt for them and find them.



35. One of the many criticisms made of the British media is ----.



A) Kötülükler gelip seni bulacaktır, ancak iyilikler için kapıyı açık tutman, onları araman ve bulman gerekir.



A) why Britain has been the final destination for illegal immigrants from the Middle East B) how it can best engage its own audience in public affairs and international problems



B) Gelip seni bulanlar kötü şeylerdir ama senin kapıyı açıp izlediğin ve bulduğun şeyler iyi şeylerdir.



C) whether the politicians opposed to the government’s monetary policy are right



C) Kötülükler gelir seni bulur, ama iyi şeyler için kapıyı açık tut, onları ara ve bul.



D) that it is not interested in the everyday interests of its own listeners and readers



D) Kötü olaylar gelir seni bulur, ama iyi olaylarla karşılaşmak istiyorsan, kapıyı açık tutmalı, onları arayıp bulmalısın.



E) because it has mostly been indifferent to the problem of rising unemployment



E) Kötü şeyler gelip seni bulsa da iyi şeyleri arayıp bulmalısın ve kapını her zaman açık tutmalısın.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



40



A ÜDS İNG SOS. BİL. / EKİM 2008 38. Couples, who repeatedly break up and then make up, often find themselves caught between their desire for freedom and their fear of regret. A) Devamlı ayrılıp barışan çiftler, bağımsız olma isteği ile pişman olma korkusu arasında kalırlar.



40. Suudi Arabistan kralı Abdullah’ın Çin’e seyahati, iki ülke arasında diplomatik ilişkilerin 1990’da kurulmasından beri, bir Suudi kral tarafından yapılan ilk seyahatti. A) King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia’s trip to China was the first by a Saudi king since the diplomatic relations were established in 1990 between the two countries.



B) Her zaman ayrılıp barışan çiftler, genellikle kendilerini bağımsız olma istekleri ile pişman olma korkuları arasında bulurlar.



B) The trip which King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia made to China in 1990 was the first made by a Saudi king since the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries.



C) Tekrar tekrar ayrılıp barışan çiftler, çoğu kez kendilerini bağımsız olma istekleri ile pişman olma korkuları arasında kalmış bulurlar. D) Bağımsız olma isteği ile pişman olma korkusu arasında kalan çiftler, tekrar tekrar ayrılıp barışırlar.



C) When King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia travelled to China in 1990, it was the first trip ever made by a Saudi king since the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries.



E) Bağımsız olma isteği ile ayrılan çiftler, genelde pişman olma korkusu ile barışırlar.



D) Following the establishment in 1990 of diplomatic relations, King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia’s trip to China was the first by a Saudi king. E) After the diplomatic relations between China and Saudi Arabia were established in 1990, King Abdullah made his first trip to this country.



41. İsviçre yatırım bankası UBS, çoğunlukla Asya ve Avrupa üzerinden kanalize edilen petrol dolarlarının, ABD carî açığının beşte ikisini finanse ettiğini tahmin etmektedir.



39. – 41. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz.



A) UBS, the Swiss investment bank, claims that generally Asia and Europe channel petrodollars in order to pay for two fifths of the US current deficit.



39. Geçmişin ne anlama geldiğini sorguladığımızda, şüphesiz farklı insanlara farklı şeyler ifade eder. A) If we ask what the past may mean, it is clear that, for different people, it means different things.



B) According to the estimation of UBS, the Swiss investment bank, two fifths of the US current deficit are mostly funded by the petrodollars channelled through Asian and European banks.



B) When we question the meaning of the past, undoubtedly different people interpret it differently.



C) The Swiss investment bank UBS has announced that Asian and European banks are chanelling most of petrodollars in order to fund two fifths of the US current deficit.



C) Since the past means different things to different people, we must question what the meaning is. D) When we ask what the past means, it certainly means different things to different people. E) As the meaning of the past varies from people to people, clearly we must ask how these meanings are made.



D) As UBS, the Swiss investment bank, has stated, the petrodollars, generally channelled through Asia and Europe, are being used to pay for two fifths of the US current deficit. E) UBS, the Swiss investment bank, estimates that petrodollars, mostly channelled through Asia and Europe, are funding two fifths of the US current deficit.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



41



A ÜDS İNG SOS. BİL. / EKİM 2008 43. Until recently, Sudan’s Nubian history remained largely unknown. ----. They have recognized that these pharaohs came from a strong African civilization that had flourished on the southern banks of the Nile for 2,500 years, going back at least as far as the first Egyptian dynasty. The most important remains of this civilization are the pyramids in the Nubian Desert, which are greater in number than those in Egypt.



42. – 46. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz. 42. For many Central American immigrants heading north, the first dangerous border crossing is not the one into the US. It’s southern Mexico where the danger begins. Every year, hundreds of thousands of Central Americans cross illegally into Mexico along the country’s southern border. ----. The pace of illegal migration north has increased dramatically over the past decade, propelled in part by the lingering effects of the 1970s and 80s civil wars in Guatemala, El Salvador, and Nicaragua.



A) Human figures in Egyptian, Greek, and Roman art indicate a clear awareness of racial features B) Only in the past four decades have archaeologists uncovered the story of the socalled ‘‘black’’ pharaohs



A) The US wants Mexico’s southern border to more secure, even as American employers demand cheap labour and American drug users demand smuggled cocaine B) Guatemalan border towns are growing quickly as they cater to the growing number of migrants north to Mexico



C) Sudan’s pyramids are extremely interesting structures and have not been properly studied D) Therefore, The Sudanese government has decided to build a dam on the Nile, 970 kms upstream from Egypt’s Aswan High Dam E) The Nubian Desert, which is vast and extremely uninhabitable, needs to be fully explored



C) Nobody knows exactly how many of those migrants are headed to the United States, but most experts estimate the figure to be 150,000 or more a year D) The simplicity with which people and goods pass illegally across Mexico’s southern border is obvious to anyone who spends time there E) The US government has already put much pressure on Mexico so that illegal migration can be stopped completely



44. The United Arab Emirates’ (UAE’s) poultry sector has lost $5.5 million because of a 50% cut in consumption due to bird flu fears. Many small farms have been forced to close, and production has been cut by 30%, with surplus meat being frozen and sold off cheaply. The consumption of eggs has not been affected. ----. A) Nevertheless, the country claims to be free of the disease B) Moreover, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia have announced cases of bird flu on their territories C) In fact, the UAE’s oil income has doubled over the last few years due to a sharp rise in its exports D) Among the Gulf states, it is the UAE that most aspires to become a major global investor E) However, the UAE is facing big increases in the price of consumer goods and transport equipment imported from Europe



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



42



A ÜDS İNG SOS. BİL. / EKİM 2008 45. Jordan’s 1994 peace deal with Israel has paved the way for growing economic links between the two countries. Jordan is now taking the lead in encouraging other Arab states to improve relations with Israel. -----. He has argued that future peace initiatives should come out of the region itself, rather than being designed and imposed by foreign authorities.



47. – 51. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz. 47. Robert : - I hear that, with regard to the current oil crisis, the US Senate is planning to set up a subcommittee.



A) The US permits all Jordanian textiles to be exported to the US as long as they have a minimum 8% Israeli content



James : - What do you think the subcommittee will be authorized to do?



B) According to some diplomats, economic cooperation between Jordan and Israel is rather more advanced than political cooperation



Robert : - ----



C) King Abdullah of Jordan has also raised hopes that the Saudi Middle East peace plan of 2002 might be revived by persuading the Arab League to make the plan more attractive to Israel



James : - Clearly, this is a matter that the subcommittee must look into as soon as possible. A) As far as I am concerned, the role of the multinational oil companies in the current crisis urgently needs to be investigated.



D) Actually, the two countries signed an economic agreement in 2002 in order to establish joints ventures in all the sectors



B) It has been reported that new oil discoveries can keep up pace with predicted growth in demand.



E) Jordan has made relatively rapid economic progress during the five years since King Abdullah ascended to the throne



C) In my opinion, no country can claim that oil companies have not behaved in a responsible manner. D) You know that the Middle East with its rich reserves supplies most of the oil consumption in the world.



46. This year, the map of international adoptions will be redrawn. The US, which adopts the most children from abroad, will become a full participant in the Hague Convention on Intercountry Adoption. The treaty regulates adoption among the 74 members and helps ensure that adoption agencies comply with convention rules, which call for counselling for adoptive parents and ban child buying. ----. Although it is a Hague signatory, the country has been accused of child trafficking. A)



Numbers of adoptions to the US from other Hague participants are expected to rise



B)



When the Cold War ended, Russia and former Soviet-bloc countries opened to adoption



C)



With a dropping birthrate, Russia now favours local families, as does China



D)



Adoptive parents often embrace the culture of their new child



E)



That could be a problem for Guatemala, a mainstay of US adoption for a decade



E)



In fact, during the first half of this year, there was a rising demand for all petroleum products.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



43



A ÜDS İNG SOS. BİL. / EKİM 2008 49. Frank : - Have you ever heard about what is called “landscape archaeology”?



48. Sarah : - The book you are reading is about Brazil, isn’t it? I know a little bit about this country’s economy. Henry : - It is, indeed. It says, since 1930, successive governments have persistently pursued policies for economic growth and Amazon area development.



Jane : - No, I haven’t. Can you tell me what it is? Frank : - ----



Sarah : - ----



Jane : - So, in other words, the view from above can yield archaeological insights on the ground.



Henry : - That explains partly why by the 1990s Brazil has become one of the world’s largest economies.



A) In fact, there are unstable areas in the Middle East, where landscape archaeology cannot be practised.



A) Unfortunately, development has destroyed much of the ecosystem that has characterized the Amazon basin.



B) Among archaeologists, it is regarded as extremely useful for a comprehensive description of the excavations at an archaeological site.



B) This is not surprising, since Brazil has vast natural resources and a huge labour force.



C) Look, according to this article, it is the kind of archaeology that, through the use of satellite imagery, reveals a landscape’s hidden archaelogical details, such as buried roads and canal systems.



C) Geographically, the north eastern region of Brazil is semiarid scrubland, heavily settled and poor.



D) In the end, archaeologists have accepted the fact that landscape archaeology contributes a lot to our understanding of a site.



D) However, it is true that today more than one out of four Brazilians survive on less than $1 a day. E)



Well, Brazil’s narrow coastal belt includes most of the major cities, of which Rio de Janeiro is the most famous one.



E)



Historically, not until the invention of the airplane did the idea of aerial photography become practical.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



44



A ÜDS İNG SOS. BİL. / EKİM 2008 51. George: - This summer, I spent my holiday in Spain. I was particularly impressed by Madrid.



50. John : - What do you know about Bertolt Brecht? Friend : - As I remember, he was a modern German dramatist.



Mark : - I am sure you were. While there, you must have found time enough to visit the Prado Museum.



John : - ----



George : - ----



Friend : - As far as I know, he also encouraged audiences to develop an active and critical attitude to a play’s subject. A) In my opinion, as a genre, comedy has undergone many changes since classical antiquity. B) Moreover, drama is distinct from literature in that it is a performing art. C) The drama that contains elements of tragedy and comedy is called tragicomedy.



A) Of course, certainly, because it houses the world’s greatest collection of Spanish paintings from the 12th to the 19th centuries. B) Actually, the origins of the city date back to A.D. 852, when the Moors built a fortress near the Manzanares river. C) In fact, it was under the Habsburgs that the city acquired some of its most notable landmarks, including its splendid palaces.



D) Right. More than that, he was one of the most influential figures in the 20th-century theatre. E)



Mark : - Originally, all these paintings, especially the major works of Velásquez and Goya, were in the royal collection.



On the other hand, theatre history can be traced back to the ancient Greek festivals for Dionysus.



D) Let me tell you that the museum was designed in 1719 by the royal architect Juan de Villanueva. E)



In Spanish culture, the 18th century was an era of French influence, following the Bourbon accession to the Spanish throne.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



45



A ÜDS İNG SOS. BİL. / EKİM 2008 55. (I) “Each day is a journey, and the journey itself is home”, the poet Matsuo Basho wrote more than 300 years ago in the first entry of his masterpiece Narrow Road to a Far Province. (II) Today, Basho is the first writer that many Japanese read seriously, and many people admire his poetry. (III) Thousands of people make pilgrimages to his birthplace and burial shrine, and travel parts of Basho’s Trail. (IV) After three centuries, his Narrow Road still speaks to readers around the world. (V) After his master died, Basho spent most of his life in Kyoto.



52. – 56. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. 52. (I) Christine Lagarde, France’s first female minister for finance and the economy, says it is time for French people to “roll up their sleeves” and stop thinking about holidays. (II) The former international lawyer, impressed by the work ethic she witnessed during her time in the US, wants to instill the same spirit in her countrymen and women. (III) The French government’s plans to reorganize the retail industry have brought fears that greater competition will threaten livelihoods. (IV) Her approach is calm and rational, bearing little resemblance to the harsher style of the French president, Nicolas Sarkozy. (V) Yet Christine Lagarde shares the president’s convictions when it comes to the French people and the world of work. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



C) III



D) IV



E) V



E) V



53. (I) The mountain kingdom of Bhutan has decided to build its national policies on improving its gross national product. (II) The “Easterlin Paradox”, which states that a nation's happiness actually declines in relation to its economic growth, was once thought to be limited to rich Western countries. (III) However, researchers have recently shown that it also applies to developing countries. (IV) For example, even as China experienced extraordinary economic growth between 1990 and 2000, the percentage of Chinese who described themselves as very happy fell from 28 per cent in 1990 to 12 per cent in 2000. (V) Experts attribute this phenomenon to the fact that people’s desires and expectations change along with their material fortunes. A) I



B) II



56. (I) France, Russia and the United States are the world’s biggest exporters of small arms. (II) Last year they produced 75% of all small arms sold in the world. (III) But several other countries, such as Egypt and Israel, are also emerging as major producers and traders. (IV) Especially in the Middle East, the problem of arms smuggling is widespread. (V) For instance, in 2006 Israel exported $175 million worth of small arms. A) I



E) V



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



54. (I) Britain’s character has been shaped by its geographical position as an island. (II) Never successfully invaded since 1066, its people have developed their own distinctive traditions. (III) Founded by the Romans in the first century A.D. as an administrative centre and trading port, London is the capital of the country. (IV) This is also reflected in the country’s historical heritage of castles, cathedrals and stately homes. (V) Indeed, although today a member of the European Union, Britain continues to maintain its nonconformity. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



46



A ÜDS İNG SOS. BİL. / EKİM 2008 58. It is pointed out in the passage that Sanskrit ----.



57. – 60. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) is the only language which is widely spoken among the peoples of South Asia



In 1786 Sir William Jones, a British judge serving in India, made a discovery that transformed knowledge about prehistory and began the formal study of historical linguistics. Turning his spare time towards the study of Sanskrit, the ancient language from which the predominant languages of the South Asian subcontinent derive, Jones discovered that Sanskrit shares features of grammar and vocabulary with Latin and ancient Greek to an extent inexplicable by sheer coincidence. His interest further aroused, he then examined the early Germanic language called “Gothic”, the ancient Celtic languages of Europe, and Old Persian, and found that they, too, exhibited marked similarities to Sanskrit. He concluded that all these languages must have evolved from a common but now-extinct linguistic source. In the early nineteenth century, both this ancient language and the later languages that derived from it, were labelled “Indo-European,” reflecting their wide distribution from India and Ireland.



B) and other Indo-European languages are closely related with each other C) was first studied by Sir William Jones in the eighteenth century D) was the most ancient language from which Latin and Greek have evolved E)



has a grammatical structure which is entirely different from that of Old Persian



59. As one understands from the passage, Sir William Jones ----. A) made fundamental changes in the judicial system of eighteenth-century India B) was a professional linguist and spent his time in India by the study of Sanskrit C) rejected the view that the European Celtic languages derived from a common source D) studied Sanskrit only when he was free from his judicial responsibilities E)



57. One can conclude from the passage that Gothic ----. A) originally derived from Latin and had the same grammatical features B) had no relationship whatsoever with Sanskrit and other languages C) was an old language which was spoken throughout Europe, including Ireland



60. According to the passage, the beginnings of historical linguistics ----. A) were marked by the discovery in the eighteenth century that the languages of the South Asian subcontinent had evolved from Sanskrit B) can be dated back to the early nineteenth century when the term “Indo-European” was introduced



D) was the only language in which Sir William Jones took a special interest E)



was very interested in the prehistory of India and made several discoveries



was the language spoken by early Germanic peoples



C) are traced back to the work of Sir William Jones in the eighteenth century D) have always been controversial, since Sir William Jones’s theory about the Indo-European languages was based on a false assumption E)



were confined only to Jones’s study of Sanskrit and did not include his study of the other IndoEuropean languages



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



47



A ÜDS İNG SOS. BİL. / EKİM 2008 62. According to the passage, the Stone Age ----.



61. – 64. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. The Stone Age is, in fact, divided into various stages. Dominating the period is the Palaeolithic Age, which most anthropologists would extend down to roughly 11,000 B.C. Within the Stone Age in general, however, scholars also speak of an Upper Palaeolithic Era, beginning around 40,000 B.C. They draw attention to some significant changes in human behaviour around this date, including the appearance of sophisticated cave paintings, and evidence of religious ideas. Humans also began producing the most effective, finely crafted tools such as fishhooks, arrowheads, and sewing needles made from organic materials, such as wood or animal bone. Yet, despite these important developments, the basic patterns of human life changed little during this era. Virtually all human societies before 11,000 B.C. consisted of small bands of hunter-gatherers that moved incessantly in search of food. Because they could not stay in any one location for long, these groups left no continuous archaeological record whereby we might trace the development of their culture. Our knowledge of them is, therefore, very limited.



A) was, according to archaeologists, the most sophisticated and developed period of early human history B) and the cultures of the period have been fully revealed by archaeologists C) is generally known as the Upper Palaeolithic Era, during which man learned how to produce food D) is not one continuous period but consists of different eras E)



is generally dated to 11,000 B.C. and has always been a serious academic concern among anthropologists



63. It is suggested in the passage that humans ----. A) in the Stone Age were very skilled and far advanced in making tools for their farming needs B) seem to have first developed their religious ideas during the Upper Palaeolithic Era C) in the Upper Palaeolithic Era knew how to defend themselves when they were attacked by hunter-gatherers D) in the Palaeolithic Age were skilled not only in hunting but also in different kinds of cloth-making



61. It is stressed in the passage that, during the Upper Palaeolithic Era, ----.



E)



A) there were no settled human communities but groups of wandering hunter-gatherers



in the Stone Age had no notion of religion and, therefore, did not know how to worship



B) humans practised different forms of art but preferred to specialize in cave painting C) hunter-gatherers had plenty of food whereby they were able to feed themselves easily



64. It is pointed out in the passage that, with the Upper Palaeolithic Era beginning around 40,000 B.C., ----.



D) bands of hunter-gatherers produced different kinds of tools whereby the development of culture can be traced E)



A) most human societies worshipped various gods



there appeared new and most developed cultures, which have been brought to light through archaeological excavations



B) cave painting became very popular among hunter-gatherers C) fully organized human societies began to appear D) human beings ceased to be hunter-gatherers E)



man entered a new period of important developments



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



48



A ÜDS İNG SOS. BİL. / EKİM 2008 66. It is claimed in the passage that China’s commercial zones ----.



65. – 68. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. By the end of the twentieth century, East Asia had become a centre of industrial and manufacturing production. Especially China began to establish commercial ties with the West in the 1970s and became the world’s leading heavy industrial producer by the year 2000. Its state-owned companies acquired contracts from Western firms to produce products cheaply and in bulk, for sale back to home markets in the United States and Europe. Moreover, the Chinese government established semicapitalist commercial zones around major port cities like Shanghai. These commercial zones were intended to encourage massive foreign investment on terms that left China a favourable balance of trade for its huge volume of cheap exports. Yet, in practice, they enjoyed only mixed success. Problems in farming and a looming energy crisis hampered prosperity and economic growth, but Hong Kong only managed to maintain its traditional economic and cultural ties with the rest of the world. However, in recent years, China has overcome most of these problems and radically upgraded its economic performance.



A) absolutely provided China with a huge volume of foreign investment B) were not as successful as had been originally intended C) were solely located around Shanghai and Hong Kong D) have been the most efficient ones throughout East Asia E)



were originally intended for state-owned companies



67. It is pointed out in the passage that Western firms ----. A) made contracts with Chinese companies because of favourable production conditions in China B) made huge investments in commercial zones, but they failed to make any profit C) established closer commercial ties with China to benefit from cheap exports D) were mainly concentrated in Hong Kong, since it was a major port city



65. The passage is mainly concerned with ----. A) the extent and complexity of problems in Chinese agriculture



E)



cooperated with China in order to upgrade its economic performance



B) the variety and volume of Western investments in China in the 1970s C) Hong Kong’s economic prosperity and its impact on social life in the city



68. It is stated in the passage that Hong Kong ----.



D) China’s economic development and performance since the last century



A) was the major exporter of cheap products to the United States and Europe



E)



B) contributed enormously to the emergence of China as an economic power in East Asia



the improvement of China’s balance of trade since the 1970s



C) was not affected at all by the decline of prosperity and economic growth in the rest of China D) took immediate measures to prevent the looming energy crisis in the area E)



was a major centre of industrial and manufacturing production in China in the 1970s



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



49



A ÜDS İNG SOS. BİL. / EKİM 2008 70. It is pointed out in the passage that, while the European powers were competing with each other for colonization overseas, ----.



69. – 72. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. In 1914, Europe had built a seemingly stable peace. Through the complex negotiations of great power geopolitics, Europe had settled into two systems of alliance: the Allied Powers which consisted of Britain, France and Russia, and the Central Powers that included Germany, Austria, and Italy. Within this balance of power, the nations of Europe challenged one another for economic, military, and imperial advantage. The rivalry for colonies abroad accompanied a fierce arms race at home, where military leaders assumed that superior technology and larger armies would result in a quick victory in a European war. Indeed, in the prevailing atmosphere of international suspicion, such a war seemed likely to many of Europe’s political and military leaders. Yet none of them predicted that the war would break out so soon. Nor did many expect that the assassination in June 1914 of the Austrian archduke and his wife would spark off that war, which engulfed all of Europe in just over a month’s time.



A) their main concern was how to benefit from the geopolitical importance of their colonies B) they were also involved in an escalating process of rearmament C) they held the view that technological superiority was essential for the exploitation of their colonies D) they held various negotiations for the prevention of a possible war that would destroy Europe E)



it seemed to many politicians that international problems could be solved through negotiations



71. The writer asserts in the passage that the peace in Europe in 1914 ----. A) was essentially the achievement of political and military leaders B) was maintained efficiently by the Allied Powers C) mainly depended on superior technology and very strong armies D) seemed a lasting one, but it was, in fact, fragile



69. It is suggested in the passage that, when the Austrian archduke and his wife were assassinated in June 1914, ----.



E)



A) the European balance of power was not affected by this incident, and the European peace was maintained B) the British government immediately began negotiations for an alliance with France and Russia



Germany, Austria and Italy continued their efforts to build very large armies and began to challenge the Allied Powers



B) European leaders encouraged the development of advanced technologies for a comprehensive victory



D) most European leaders did not think that this incident would soon lead to a war E)



72. According to the passage, although Europe had achieved a balance of power by 1914, ----. A)



C) Austria turned to Germany and Italy for an alliance and declared war on Britain and France



was not affected at all by the assassination of the Austrian archduke



C) this did not prevent the European nations from challenging each other for various advantages



many European leaders believed that this was a plot of the Allied Powers against the Central Powers



D) military leaders strongly argued that larger armies were needed in order to protect the colonies overseas E)



political leaders were extremely suspicious of military leaders and, therefore, did their best to prevent a war



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



50



A ÜDS İNG SOS. BİL. / EKİM 2008 74. One learns from the passage that there are ----.



73. – 76. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) many Chinese workers already employed in nearly thirty nations



Since 1993, China has invested in more than fifty oil and gas projects in some thirty nations. In particular, China has focused on acquisitions and partnerships in Sudan and Iran. In Sudan alone, China has reportedly spent $15 billion developing oil fields. In the meantime, China has also begun to use its military to protect its oil investments abroad. Reportedly, troops disguised as oil workers patrol Chinese oil infrastructure in Sudan. Moreover, in recent years, China has strengthened its military presence in the oil-and gas-rich parts of the South China Sea, over which sovereignty is still disputed. Perhaps most significant in the short term is China’s relationship with Iran. With Saudi Arabia and Iraq clearly within the American sphere of influence, China has been steadily courting Tehran and aims to become the biggest buyer of Iranian oil. In return for oil, China has supplied Iran not only with conventional weapons but also with technology and materials that can be used for the manufacturing of nuclear weapons.



B) several Chinese companies involved in oil projects in the South China Sea C) a number of economic issues that China faces in the South China Sea D) many oil fields in Iran that have been developed by China E)



areas in the South China Sea which are rich in oil and gas



75. One understands from the passage that, just as the United States maintains its dominant position in Saudi Arabia and Iraq, so China ----. A) has made efforts to develop its partnership with Iranian oil companies B) is resolved to increase its military presence in some thirty countries C) has sought to establish closer economic relations with Iran D) has decided to invest heavily in Iran’s various oil and gas projects



73. It is claimed in the passage that the Chinese oil workers in Sudan ----.



E)



A) have increased steadily because China has acquired many oil and gas fields in this country B) are, in fact, military personnel in disguise, employed to protect the Chinese oil investments in this country



tries hard to persuade Iran to become an ally in the region



76. It is clear from the passage that Iran’s nuclear technology ----.



C) have been employed in over fifty oil and gas projects, for which China has already spent billions of dollars



A) has been aided by China through its logistical support



D) have been extremely efficient and built the extensive oil infrastructure that this country has



B) is not so advanced and efficient as that of China



E)



C) has been strongly criticized by the United States



mostly prefer to work for the companies that China has set up in this country for partnership in oil and gas projects



D) has been financed through its oil exports to a number of countries E)



can develop fully even though China is not willing to cooperate



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



51



A ÜDS İNG SOS. BİL. / EKİM 2008 78. According to the passage, although the practice of imperialism may be varied, ----.



77. – 80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. The term “imperialism” means the process of extending one nation’s control over another; it is a process that takes many forms. Historians distinguish between “formal imperialism” and “informal imperialism.” Formal imperialism is colonialism, and it was exercised by the Europeans in the past mainly by direct rule: the colonizing nations annexed territories outright and established their own governments to subjugate and administer the peoples of these territories. Sometimes formal imperialism was exercised through indirect rule: the conquering nations reached agreements with native leaders and governed them. There was no single practice of colonial management, and resistance from the natives forced colonial powers to shift strategies frequently. As for “informal imperialism,” it refers to a more subtle and less visible exercise of power, in which the stronger nation allows the weaker one to maintain its independence while reducing its sovereignty. For the Europeans in the past, informal imperialism took the form of carving out zones of European sovereignty and privilege, such as treaty ports, within other countries. Essentially it meant using European economic, political, and cultural power to get advantageous treaties or terms of trade. Informal imperialism was not only common, it played an even more fundamental role in shaping global power relations in the 18th and 19th centuries.



B) it was formal imperialism in the past which most suited the Europeans for their trade overseas C) the European nations followed a common strategy in the past in order to set up colonies in other parts of the world D) for historians, it is mainly divided into “formal” and “informal” imperialism E)



in the 18th and 19th centuries the European nations gave up formal imperialism because of native resistance



79. As one understands from the passage, in informal imperialism, ----. A) the colonizing nations sign treaties with native governments to help them solve economic problems B) the independence of the weaker nation is respected by the colonizing nation C) the sovereignty of the colonized nation is totally disregarded by the colonizing power D) the management of the ports in a country is undertaken by economically stronger nations E) native governments are granted certain privileges and political powers by stronger nations



77. It is asserted in the passage that, in the past, informal imperialism ----.



80. It is clear that the passage ----.



A) enabled the Europeans to conquer the lands of other peoples and face no resistance



A) gives an account of the historical reasons why formal imperialism in the past was more widely practised than informal imperialism



B) was preferred by the natives who were involved in free trade with the European nations C) was far more effective than formal imperialism in the development of power relations in the world D) was commonly practised by the Europeans because it allowed them to make use of various strategies E)



A) native peoples in the European colonies were always in favour of formal imperialism



B) is a detailed account of how the Europeans colonized other peoples in the 18th and 19th centuries C) is mainly concerned with the process of resistance that colonial peoples put up against the European nations



provided the European nations with an economic power which enabled them to rule the rest of the world



D) is a full description of the economic and cultural privileges which, in the past, the Europeans got from native governments E) theoretically explains imperialism and refers to the European practice of it in the past



TEST BİTTİ. CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ. Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



52



ÜNİVERSİTELERARASI KURUL YABANCI DİL SINAVI (ÜDS) 12 EKİM 2008



İNGİLİZCE SOSYAL BİLİMLERİ TESTİ CEVAP ANAHTARI A KİTAPÇIĞI



1. A



21. İPTAL



41. E



61. A



2. C



22. B



42. C



62. D



3. D



23. D



43. B



63. B



4. C



24. A



44. A



64. E



5. B



25. C



45. C



65. D



6. E



26. C



46. E



66. B



7. B



27. E



47. A



67. A



8. A



28. D



48. B



68. C



9. C



29. A



49. C



69. D



10. E



30. D



50. D



70. B



11. B



31. B



51. A



71. D



12. D



32. A



52. C



72. C



13. C



33. E



53. A



73. B



14. A



34. C



54. C



74. E



15. E



35. D



55. E



75. C



16. D



36. E



56. D



76. A



17. E



37. A



57. E



77. C



18. B



38. C



58. B



78. D



19. A



39. D



59. D



79. B



20. D



40. A



60. C



80. E



A İNGİLİZCE ÜDS İNG. SAĞ. BİL. / MART 2008 5. The body resists starvation by ---- its own tissues and using them as a source of calories – much like burning the furniture to keep the house warm.



1. – 18. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. 1. When taken in doses of more than 10 times the recommended daily ----, vitamins A and D are toxic. A) maintenance



B) exposure



C) application



D) advice



A) getting off



B) breaking down



C) carrying out



D) following up E) making for



E) allowance



6. Billions of useful bacteria colonize our guts, but because antibiotics are lethal to a whole range of microbes, drugs taken for a chest infection, for example, ---- friendly bacteria too.



2. Many people with a regular exercise programme accept minor injuries and soreness as an almost ---- component of their programme. A) irrelevant



B) available



C) inevitable



D) expansive E) irreversible



A) wipe out



B) sort out



C) build up



D) take back E) move in



3. Despite a preoccupation with body image and weight loss, the prevalence of obesity in the US continues to rise ----. A) collectively



B) adequately



C) randomly



D) respectively



7. Prevention is the ideal way to approach pain, and several educational programmes that ---- workers to avoid lower back injuries ---- some effectiveness.



E) dramatically



A) are training / would show B) would train / had shown C) have trained / showed



4. The goal of the Neuroscience Research Programme is to ---- our understanding of the neuronal systems involved in a variety of neurological disorders. A) rank



B) relate



C) implicate



D) increase



D) train / have shown E) trained / will show



E) interact



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



19



A ÜDS İNG. SAĞ. BİL. / MART 2008 11. Although 25 to 30 per cent of all people ---- some form of excessive mood disturbance during their lifetime, only about 10 per cent ---- a disorder severe enough to require medical attention.



8. Psychologists, psychiatrists and neuroscientists ---- for years over how much of our behaviour ---driven by our genes versus the environment in which we grow up and live. A) had argued / had been



A) would experience / have had



B) used to argue / would be



B) experienced / will have had



C) have argued / is



C) had experienced / had had



D) argue / would have been



D) will have experienced / would have



E) argued / will be



E) experience / have



12. In biofeedback, biological responses are measured ---- electronic instruments, and the status of those responses is immediately available ---- the person being tested.



9. For a long time, scientists believed that functional deficits in certain brain regions ---autism – the result of complications in brain structure that no change in wiring among neural networks ----.



A) with / at



B) by / to D) from / on



C) in / about



E) through / with



A) might cause / had fixed B) caused / could fix C) have caused / fixes D) cause / could have fixed



13. Perhaps the most crucial factor ---- patient noncompliance is poor verbal communication ---- the practitioner and the patient.



E) would have caused / fixed



A) for / by



B) of / among D) in / between



10. Epidemiology, which ---- as a science until the 19th century, is a branch of medicine that investigates factors ---- to improved health, or the occurrence of a disease in a particular population. A) could not have evolved / having contributed B) had not evolved / to contribute



C) about / of



E) to / for



14. ---- physical activity can enhance physical functioning, reduce anxiety, stress, and depression, it also poses some hazards to one’s physical and psychological health.



C) has not evolved / to have contributed



A) Although



B) Since



D) did not evolve / contributing



C) Whether



D) In case E) Unless



E) could not evolve / to be contributing



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



20



A ÜDS İNG. SAĞ. BİL. / MART 2008 15. ---- surgeons in France had performed the first partial face transplant late in November, psychologists began to question whether the patient was mentally stable enough to handle the stressful, high-risk procedure. A) Suppose that



B) So long as



C) As soon as



D) Because



19. – 23. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. People may bruise easily because of fragile capillaries in the skin. Each time these small blood vessels break, a little blood (19) ----, leaving tiny red dots in the skin and bluish-purple bruises. Women seem more prone than men to bruising from a minor injury, especially (20) ---- the thighs, buttocks, and upper arms. Older people are especially susceptible to bruising after bumps and falls (21) ---- they have fragile blood vessels and a thinner layer of fat under the skin, which normally serves as a cushion to help protect against injury. For most people, the condition isn’t serious, but bruising easily (22) ---- a sign that something is wrong with the blood clotting elements, most likely the platelets. Blood tests can determine if (23) ---- problems exist.



E) If



16. ---- people have been diagnosed with cardiovascular disease (CVD), they typically enter a cardiac rehabilitation programme to change their lifestyle and thereby avoid subsequent CVD. A) Whereas



B) After



C) While



D) Even though



19. A) passes by



E) As if



B) comes up



D) breaks off



C) runs away



E) leaks out



20. 17. In veterinary medicine, federal governments and professional associations keep data on animal euthanasia and, ---- the research results obtained so far, have developed guidelines and procedures. A) in the hope of



B) as of



C) in case of



D) in accordance with



A) on



B) with D) through



A) unless



B) even so D) whereas



18. The anaemia of folate deficiency, ---- DNA synthesis slows and the body’s cells lose their ability to divide, is characterized by large, immature blood cells. B) for whom



C) how



D) in that



E) over



21.



E) on behalf of



A) in which



C) throughout



C) because



E) so that



22. A) has to be



B) should be



D) may be



C) would be



E) will be



23.



E) why



A) such



B) no D) so



C) much E) many Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



21



A ÜDS İNG. SAĞ. BİL. / MART 2008 27. While some drugs, once absorbed, tend to stay within the watery tissues of the blood and muscle, ----.



24. – 35. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz. 24. Even after a drug has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), ----.



A) others concentrate in specific tissues such as the liver and kidneys



A) such drugs are occasionally studied first in a small number of healthy volunteers



B) drugs penetrate different tissues at different speeds



B) comprehensive premarketing studies detected adverse reactions about once in every 1,000 doses



C) all drugs are either metabolized or excreted intact D) these drugs accumulate in the fatty tissues



C) many drugs are rejected at this stage, too



E) they rapidly circulate through the body



D) the manufacturer must conduct postmarketing surveillance and report any previously undetected adverse drug reactions E) it was 3 years before the drug came onto the market



28. Armed with gene sequences and the latest gene chip technologies to measure the activity of thousands of genes simultaneously, ----.



25. Because symptoms of sleep apnea occur during sleep, ----.



A) high-risk groups can be targeted with more aggressive screening programmes



A) severe apnea can result in headaches, excessive daytime sleepiness and slow mental activity



B) antibody-based therapies have an inherent limitation



B) they must be described by someone who observes the person sleeping



C) the tissue that surrounds a tumour plays a crucial role in its development



C) snoring is associated with episodes of gasping and choking



D) anti-cancer drugs have been largely a matter of dosing people and waiting to see what happens



D) most people have been treated successfully and can now sleep comfortably



E) researchers are now several years into the task of mapping which ones grow abnormally



E) people who snore are advised to sleep on their side or face-down



29. Although the cause of Reye’s syndrome is unknown, ----.



26. Even when a cell becomes cancerous, ----. A) antigens released into the bloodstream by some cancers are sometimes called tumour markers



A) most doctors are unaware of its effects B) people who take aspirin have an increased risk of bleeding



B) it is a cell whose biological function has been altered



C) certain viruses, such as influenza A or B or varicella virus, may be involved



C) a fully functioning immune system can’t always destroy all these cancer cells



D) the doctor would perform a liver biopsy and spinal tap to diagnose it



D) the immune system may regard these cells as foreign



E) no specific treatment can be proposed to prevent it



E) the immune system can often destroy it before it replicates



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



22



A ÜDS İNG. SAĞ. BİL. / MART 2008 33. For any pain syndrome, surgery is the most extreme approach and is usually recommended ----.



30. According to recent studies, bananas are the most promising food for an edible vaccine against the hepatitis B virus, ----. A) but this virus is very common in many African countries



A) because it has its own potential dangers and possibilities for complications



B) so that potatoes, tomatoes and other vegetables might serve to immunize people some day



B) in case the pain starts suddenly and stays in a particular area of the back



C) just as symptoms of acute viral hepatitis usually begin suddenly



C) only when all the other means of treatment have failed to produce a positive result



D) which lives in about 5 per cent of the world’s population



D) unless back surgery is only partially successful in repairing tissue damage



E) whereas scientists have discovered a way to boost the level of immune-triggering hepatitis protein in the fruit



E) as long as drugs, skin stimulation and surgery can all be effective for controlling pain



31. Cancer cells are often perceived as all having the same potential to proliferate and spread within the body, ----.



34. Bulimia nervosa occurs with equal prevalence in various social classes and ethnic groups, ----.



A) because cancer treatments must target cancer stem cells to eradicate the disease



A) while people who have this disease are distressed by it



B) but in many types of cancer, only a small subset of tumour cells has that power



B) but both eating disorders occur far more often in women than men



C) where the study of stem cells is shedding light on cancer treatments today



C) even though anoxeria nervosa has a mortality rate of 5% to 10%



D) so one among thousands of tumour cells may be a cancer stem cell responsible for driving the disease



D) since an antidepressant drug can often help control the disease



E) since current treatments focus on killing the greatest number of cancer cells



32. Audiometry measures hearing loss precisely with an electronic device ----. A) that produces sounds at specific pitches and specific volumes



E) whereas anorexia nervosa appears primarily among the upper classes



35. People with extensive burns have an increased risk of infection ----. A) so that a new layer of epidermis grows slowly from the edges of the burned area B) whereas many people who have been burned need to take an analgesic, often a narcotic, for at least a few days



B) if a person listens to a series of two-syllable, equally accented words presented at specific volumes



C) although damaged red blood cells in the injured area may make the burn bright red



C) although it measures how loudly words have to be spoken to be understood



D) because the damaged skin opens up the body to invasion by harmful organisms



D) because loud tones presented to one ear may also be heard by the other ear



E) but life-threatening burns require immediate care, preferably at a hospital equipped to treat burns



E) even if it detects how much sound passes through the middle ear



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



23



A ÜDS İNG. SAĞ. BİL. / MART 2008 38. Because much is still unknown about breast cancer and no single treatment works all the time, doctors may have different opinions about the most appropriate treatment.



36. – 38. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz. 36. Most infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms that invade the body and multiply there.



A) Göğüs kanseri için her zaman sonuç veren tek bir tedavi yönteminin bulunmamasının yanı sıra hastalıkla ilgili yeterli bilginin olmaması nedeniyle hekimler arasında en etkili tedaviye ilişkin farklı görüşler mevcuttur.



A) Pek çok bulaşıcı hastalığın nedeni vücuda yayılan ve vücutta üreyen mikroorganizmalardır.



B) Göğüs kanserine ilişkin çok az şey ortaya konduğu ve her zaman sonuç veren belirli bir tedavi yöntemi bulunamadığı için, hekimler en geçerli tedavi hakkında farklı düşünceler ileri sürmektedir.



B) Mikroorganizmalar, vücuda girerek ve vücutta çoğalarak, çeşitli bulaşıcı hastalıkların oluşmasına yol açar. C) Çoğu bulaşıcı hastalık, vücudu işgal eden ve vücutta çoğalan mikroorganizmalar nedeniyle oluşur.



C) Hekimler göğüs kanseri için en uygun tedavi hakkında çeşitli görüşler ileri sürmektedir; çünkü, bu hastalık hakkında yeterli bilginin olmaması, tek bir tedavinin her zaman geçerli kılınmasını engellemektedir.



D) Bulaşıcı hastalıkların nedenlerinin çoğu, vücuda girerek çoğalan mikroorganizmalarla ilgilidir. E) Üreyip vücudu ele geçiren mikroorganizmalar nedeniyle birçok bulaşıcı hastalık ortaya çıkmaktadır.



D) Göğüs kanseri hakkında yeterli bilgi olmadığı için her zaman sonuç veren tek bir tedavi yöntemi yoktur ve bu nedenle hekimler en uygun tedaviye ilişkin çelişkili düşünceler ortaya atmaktadır. E) Göğüs kanseri hakkında çok şey hâlâ bilinmediğinden ve hiçbir tedavi tek başına her zaman sonuç vermediğinden, hekimler, en uygun tedaviye ilişkin farklı görüşlere sahip olabilirler.



37. The severity of a burn depends on the amount of tissue affected and the depth of the injury, which is described as first, second, or third degree. A) Bir yanığın şiddeti, etkilenen doku miktarına ve hasarın birinci, ikinci veya üçüncü derece olarak tanımlanan derinliğine bağlıdır. B) Etkilenen dokuların durumu ve oluşan hasarın derinliği, yanığın birinci, ikinci veya üçüncü derece olarak belirtilen şiddetini ortaya koyar. C) Bir yanığın birinci, ikinci veya üçüncü derece olarak sınıflandırılan hasar derinliği ile zarar görmüş doku miktarına dayanılarak o yanığın şiddeti belirlenir. D) Bir yanığın şiddetinin birinci, ikinci veya üçüncü derece olarak tanımlanması, zarar gören doku miktarıyla ve ortaya çıkan hasarın derinliğiyle ilişkilidir. E) Birinci, ikinci veya üçüncü derece olarak adlandırılan hasar derinliği ve zarar gören dokuların çokluğu göz önüne alınarak bir yanığın şiddeti saptanabilir.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



24



A ÜDS İNG. SAĞ. BİL. / MART 2008 40. İnsan vücudu, her biri, yaşamı sürdürmek için gerekli olan bir işlevi yerine getiren ayrı ayrı organ ve dokulardan oluşmuş son derece karmaşık bir sistemdir.



39. – 41. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz. 39. Yoksul ülkelerdeki çoğu insan, sıtma, AIDS, verem ile zengin ülkelerde daha az bilinen birçok hastalık çekmektedir; çünkü, hükümetleri, ilâç şirketlerinin istediği fiyatları karşılayamamaktadır.



A) The human body is a highly complex system made up of separate organs and tissues, each performing a function essential to maintaining life. B) Since the human body consists of many different organs and tissues, each of which has a function essential for the maintenance of life, it is to be compared to an extremely complex system.



A) Malaria, AIDS, tuberculosis and a number of other diseases not known in rich countries affect many people in poor countries, where the governments are reluctant to pay the prices companies demand for drugs.



C) The human body, which is an extremely complex system, is made up of innumerable organs and tissues which have separate functions essential for the maintenance of life.



B) Most people in poor countries suffer from malaria, AIDS, tuberculosis and many diseases lesser known in rich countries, since their governments cannot afford the prices drug companies want. C) Since malaria, AIDS, tuberculosis and various other diseases little-known in rich countries are very common among the people of poor countries, the governments find it hard to pay the prices demanded by companies for drugs.



D) The presence of many different organs and tissues, each of which performs a function necessary for maintaining life, makes the human body a very complicated system. E) The human body is so complicated a system that each of the organs and tissues it consists of performs a function vital for maintaining life.



D) While a growing number of people in poor countries suffer from malaria, AIDS, tuberculosis and several other diseases unknown in rich countries, their governments refuse to pay the prices companies ask for their drugs. E) The governments in poor countries cannot afford to pay the prices companies want for their drugs, but more and more people are being affected by malaria, AIDS, tuberculosis and other diseases that do not occur in rich countries.



41. Tümör büyümesine neden olan kanser kök hücrelerinin varlığı, çeşitli kan kanseri ve tümör türlerinde tespit edilmiştir; ancak, bu habis kök hücrelerinin nasıl oluştuğu hâlâ belirsizdir. A) It has been shown that a wide range of blood cancer and tumour types result from malignant stem cells whose properties are not yet fully known. B) Cancer stem cells that cause tumour growth have been discovered in a number of blood cancer and tumour types, but it is not yet clear why they become malignant. C) Different blood cancer and tumour types are caused by cancer stem cells, although there is no evidence to show how these malignant stem cells come into being and drive tumour growth. D) Even though it is not yet certain how malignant stem cells form, they are often found in various blood cancer and tumour types, causing them to grow. E) The existence of cancer stem cells that drive tumour growth, has been established in several blood cancer and tumour types, but how these malignant stem cells arise is still uncertain.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



25



A ÜDS İNG. SAĞ. BİL. / MART 2008 42. – 46. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz. 42. As anyone who has sat through a lecture on a warm day knows, attentiveness and mental alertness can be hard to sustain. ----. Its counterpart is sleep, a state in which we continue to receive stimuli but are not conscious of them.



44. In 1862, the English doctor John Langdon Down, who was the director of a home for mentally handicapped children, described the case of one of the children, who was short and had stubby fingers and unusual eyelids. The boy’s condition was later labelled by this doctor’s surname. ----. In 1959, the French paediatrician Jérome Lejeune discovered that these children have three copies of chromosome 21, instead of two.



A) It is also important to regulate sleep



A) Physical limitations continue to challenge these individuals



B) Researchers can study the electrical activity in the brain during arousal and sleep



B) Today, more than 350,000 Americans have Down’s syndrome



C) It filters out some familiar and repetitive information that constantly enters the nervous system



C) But the cause of Down’s syndrome was not uncovered for another century D) Scientists confirmed that within this chromosome are the genes that cause both Down’s syndrome and Alzheimer’s disease



D) Arousal is a state of awareness of the outside world



E) In 2004, American scientists tracked the effects of other genes on chromosome 21



E) In general, the less mental activity that takes place, the more regular are the brain waves recorded on the electroencephalogram (EEG)



45. In the 1990s, most psychiatrists in the US started to treat children and teens with antidepressants designed for adults, since they wanted something more for them than talk therapy. ----. Now, however, studies have found that some antidepressants might interfere with normal patterns of growth in children’s still developing brains.



43. Most people are familiar with one important function of the kidneys – to rid the body of waste materials that are either ingested or produced by metabolism. A second function that is especially critical is to control the volume and composition of the body fluids. For water and virtually all electrolytes in the body, the balance between intake and output is maintained in large part by the kidneys. ----.



A) Although these drugs had not been tested in the young brains of children, they hoped the benefits would outweigh the risks



A) Each kidney in the human body is made up of about 1 million nephrons, each capable of forming urine



B) Several brain areas are commonly associated with depression such as those involved in mood, sleep, appetite, desire and memory



B) This regulatory function of the kidneys maintains the stable environment of the cells necessary for them to perform their various activities



C) Finding these effects in mice is a long way from proving that the same thing happens in humans



C) Blood flow to the two kidneys is normally 21 per cent of the cardiac output, or about 1,200ml/min D) The two kidneys lie on the posterior wall of the abdomen, outside the peritoneal cavity



D) Adults with depression usually recognize that they have a problem and they want to fix it, but children rarely ask to see a psychiatrist



E) These include urea, uric acid, creatinine and metabolites of various hormones



E) Concerns over antidepressant use led the FDA to issue a warning label for these medications



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



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A ÜDS İNG. SAĞ. BİL. / MART 2008 46. Ulcerative colitis is a disease in which extensive areas of the walls of the large intestine become inflamed and ulcerated. Some clinicians believe that it results from an allergic or immune destructive effect, but it could also result from a chronic bacterial infection. ----.



48. Eleanor : - This article is about patients in a persistent vegetative state. Some of them wake up many years later, and some of them never do. Bob : - How do doctors decide whether or not these patients should be kept on life-support?



A) The person may also have a fever and a poor appetite B) Even then, the ulcers sometimes fail to heal, and the only solution is removal of the entire colon C) Moreover, about 10 per cent of people who have the disease have only simple attacks D) Whatever the cause, there is a strong hereditary tendency for susceptibility to this disease



Eleanor : - ---Bob : - I suppose so. Obviously there are legal and medical concerns, but I think the family of the patient should have some rights in the matter, too. A) Sometimes a patient’s brain works around the damaged part, allowing the patient to begin to function normally again.



E) Unlike Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis never affects the small intestine



B) One patient in a minimally conscious state started to speak and move about 19 years after he’d been injured. C) I don’t know how; but they do have to come to a decision. D) It is difficult for doctors to make accurate diagnoses of unconscious patients.



47. – 51. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz.



E) A patient shows sensory responses to pain, even when the nervous system isn’t connected to the centres of the brain that cause it to experience it.



47. Patient : - Dr Jameson, what are the safest exercises for me, as a middle-aged man, to improve my fitness? Dr Jameson : - There are several. Let me think which would be suitable for you. Patient : - ---Dr Jameson : - Those would be fine. Cycling can also be useful. A)



It will take time to make a decision, won’t it? I’ll call you to learn your recommendations.



B)



I would prefer walking and swimming. Forget the rest.



C)



At my age, would aerobics really be suitable?



D)



Let it be something natural: no exercising machines for me!



E)



I have to climb three flights of stairs to get to my home. Isn’t that enough exercise?



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



27



A ÜDS İNG. SAĞ. BİL. / MART 2008 51. Jerome : - Did you see the documentary on TV about the US healthcare system?



49. Senior Doctor : - I hear you’ve been doing research on alcoholism in Turkey. Junior Doctor : - Yes. I feel the findings are not all that alarming.



Mark : - ----



Senior Doctor : - ----



Jerome : - That’s right, many families have gone bankrupt paying for treatment for a family member.



Junior Doctor : - In a way, yes. For instance, nearly 8 per cent of adults in the US have a serious problem with alcohol use.



Mark : - Yes, and that’s not all. Some patients have even been refused treatment by hospitals.



A) Really? You say that in comparison with other developed countries?



A) Yes; to tell the truth, I was hoping that it would be more thorough.



B) Aren’t they? It’s a fact that alcohol produces both psychological and physical dependence.



B) Yes, but I didn’t have time to watch all of it. C) No, but I wanted to watch it. Did you?



C) In your report, you claim that men are four times more likely than women to become alcoholics.



D) Yes. It’s getting worse and worse.



D) In general, alcoholics often can’t manage their behaviour and tend to drive while drunk.



E) No; I watched a film on another channel instead. Was it very informative?



E) Well, alcohol is rapidly absorbed from the small intestine into the blood stream.



50. Dr Clark : - Let me stress that the most troublesome problem of peritoneal dialysis is the risk of infection. Student : - We can use antibiotics to clear up the infection. Dr Clark : - ---Student : - So it’s inevitable that in peritoneal dialysis, complications can occur any time. A) Generally, peritoneal dialysis is not performed in people who have abdominal wall infections. B) Yet that’s not all. Other problems are also associated with this type of dialysis. C) In peritoneal dialysis, a catheter is inserted through a small incision in the abdominal wall into the peritoneal space. D) Moreover, inflammation of the kidneys can also be caused by an infection. E) In fact, when the kidneys fail, waste products and excess water can be removed from the blood by haemodialysis. Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



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A ÜDS İNG. SAĞ. BİL. / MART 2008 52. – 56. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. 52. (I) Mycobacterium tuberculosis has plagued humans throughout history. (II) Improved public health brought the epidemic under control, and the advent of antibiotics in the 1940s seemed to ensure successful treatment. (III) But the bacteria have adapted to nearly every drug used against them. (IV) As a result, there has been a recent resurgence, and the disease now kills a person every 15 seconds, worldwide. (V) The germ in question is the tuberculosis-causing Mycobacterium tuberculosis, once the leading cause of death in the US. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



B) II



C) III



D) IV



A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



E) V



53. (I) The most commonly used illegal drug in the US is marijuana. (II) Its potential for serious health consequences is still debated, but few authorities regard it as a major health risk. (III) In fact, a recent study found no increased death rates for marijuana users, except for men who died of AIDS. (IV) Moreover, marijuana has been used medically to treat glaucoma and to prevent the vomiting and nausea associated with chemotherapy. (V) Although this study does not determine cause and effect, it seems safe to assume that marijuana did not cause death from AIDS, but rather that men receiving a diagnosis of AIDS may have subsequently increased their use of marijuana. A) I



55. (I) Like all medicines, sleep medicines have side effects. (II) On the other hand, daytime drowsiness can be best avoided by taking the lowest dose possible. (III) The most common of these effects are dizziness, lightheadedness, and difficulty with coordination. (IV) Sleep medicines can also make one sleepy during the day. (V) How drowsy one feels depends upon how one’s body reacts to the medicine.



56. (I) Doctors have noted a dramatic increase in bone fractures in children and teenagers in recent years. (II) Bones are rigid but not inflexible; they will bend in response to external forces. (III) For example, if you fall forward with your hands outstretched, the bones of your hands, wrists, and arms will flex to absorb the shock and then return to their original shape. (IV) However, as many of us know from personal experience, the skeletal system has its limits. (V) If a force is applied that exceeds a bone’s resiliency, the result is a broken bone, or fracture.



E) V



A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



54. (I) The causes of depression aren’t fully understood. (II) A number of factors may make a person more likely to experience depression, such as a family tendency, side effects of certain medications, an introverted personality, and emotionally upsetting events. (III) For some reason, women are twice as likely as men to experience depression. (IV) Psychological studies show that changes in hormone levels before menstruation and after childbirth may be factors. (V) Hormones also control the volume of fluid and the levels of salt and sugar in the blood. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



29



A ÜDS İNG. SAĞ. BİL. / MART 2008 58. It is pointed out in the passage that it has taken the medical world several decades to ----.



57. – 60. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Autism, from the Greek word for “self,” was first identified as a disorder in 1943. Initially, it was thought to be a psychological disorder brought on by cold or unemotional mothers, and curable by intensive sessions of psychotherapy. During the 1960s, specialists realized that autistics frequently had epilepsy and abnormal brain scans, which led to the condition being recognized as a brain disorder by the 1970s. Autism is now known to be a hereditary neurological condition, about three times more common in boys than girls. Usually, autistics lack the ability to relate normally to other people and have an anxious desire to maintain a routine, which evolves with age into intense interests or obsessions. Many autistic people deliver monologues on topics while unaware of other people’s comments or possible discomfort. There are several related, but different, forms of autism. Depending on the severity, symptoms can sometimes be alleviated with carefully controlled antidepressants, although sufferers typically find it difficult to function normally in society.



A) decide to what extent psychotherapy can be used in the treatment of autism B) decide on which antidepressants are the best for the treatment of autism C) discover how the relationship between mothers and their children has an effect on autism D) establish clearly which methods are most efficient to alleviate the symptoms of autism E) understand clearly what autism is and the causes that lead to it



59. The point is made in the passage that what an autistic person normally does ----. A) can best be assessed through intensive sessions of psychotherapy B) is always tolerated, although it often draws other people’s attention C) is always ignored by other people, since it does not interest them at all D) in time develops into extreme fascinations or fixations E) is never taken into consideration in deciding the kind of treatment to be given



57. As is clear from the explanation given in the passage, ----. A) antidepressant drugs should not be used in order to reduce the severity of autism symptoms B) autism should not be regarded as a neurological disorder inherited from the family



60. It is stated in the passage that autism ----. A) can always be successfully treated by means of psychotherapy



C) autism is not a single type of disorder with only one level of severity



B) is an abnormality which has not yet been researched adequately



D) autism was a condition recognized by the ancient Greeks



C) is far more widespread among male than female children



E) autistics can usually have a normal relationship with other people



D) usually has only one symptom, which reveals itself as epilepsy E) is a single kind of neurological abnormality, which can be treated most effectively through antidepressants



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



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A ÜDS İNG. SAĞ. BİL. / MART 2008 63. One understands from the passage that oxygen ----.



61. – 64. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Because oxygen is one of the major substances required for chemical reactions in the cells, it is fortunate that the body has a special control mechanism to maintain an almost exact and constant oxygen concentration in the extracellular fluid. This mechanism depends principally on the chemical characteristic of haemoglobin, which is present in all red blood cells. Haemoglobin combines with oxygen as blood passes through the lungs. Then, as the blood passes through the tissue capillaries, haemoglobin, because of its own strong chemical affinity for oxygen, does not release oxygen into the tissue fluid if too much oxygen is already there. If the oxygen concentration is too low, however, sufficient amounts are released to re-establish adequate tissue oxygen concentration. Thus, the regulation of oxygen concentration in the tissues depends principally on the chemical characteristics of haemoglobin itself.



A) in the extracellular fluid always increases when there is a chemical reaction B) in the tissues has to be reduced in order to prevent over-concentration C) and haemoglobin in the body do not always have a constructive relationship D) is a substance that sometimes plays an adverse role in the body’s chemical reactions E) is necessary for the chemical reactions that take place in the cells



61. The passage describes ----. A) the structural and chemical characteristics of the cells in the human body B) the process of the maintenance of an adequate level of oxygen in body tissues by haemoglobin



64. It is explained in the passage that, when the level of oxygen in the tissue fluid decreases, ----.



C) the chemical reactions which take place in all the cells throughout the body



A) a long time is required to get it back to normal



D) the vital importance of the lungs in providing oxygen for the red blood cells



B) the activity of the red blood cells increases immediately to carry more oxygen to the cells



E) why oxygen plays a basic role in the chemical reactions of the cells



C) haemoglobin lets out enough oxygen to bring it back to normal D) the amount of oxygen provided through the lungs increases in a remarkable way E) this has an adverse effect on the chemical efficiency of haemoglobin



62. It is stressed in the passage that haemoglobin ----. A) is responsible for an exact and constant maintenance of oxygen in the tissues B) is a special mechanism whereby the level of the extracellular fluid in the body is regulated C) has a chemical characteristic which helps the blood pass through the tissue capillaries D) continually releases small amounts of oxygen into the tissue fluid in the body E) circulates through the blood only when the oxygen concentration in the tissue fluid becomes too low



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



31



A ÜDS İNG. SAĞ. BİL. / MART 2008 66. A point is made in the passage that the medical advice given for the reduction of the risk of cancer ----.



65. – 68. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. The evidence linking dietary fat with cancer is less conclusive than for heart disease, but it does suggest an association between total fat intake and some types of cancer. Dietary fat seems not to initiate cancer development but to promote cancer once it has arisen. Some studies report a relationship between specific cancers and saturated fat or dietary fat from animal sources, which is mostly saturated. Thus, health advice to reduce the risk of cancer parallels that given to reduce the risk of heart disease: reduce total fat intake, especially saturated fat. The relationship between dietary fat and the risk of cancer differs for various types of cancers. In the case of breast cancer, some studies indicate little or no association between dietary fat and cancer. Others find that total energy intake is a better predictor than the percentage of kcalories from fat. In the case of prostate cancer, there does appear to be a strong association with fat. This association appears to be due primarily to saturated fat from meats; fat from milk or fish has not been implicated in cancer risk.



A) is the same as the medical advice given for the reduction of the risk of heart disease B) does not depend on any kind of conclusive evidence and, hence, can be ignored C) is only partially sound, since the cancer studies undertaken so far have not reached a convincing conclusion D) not only concerns the intake of saturated fat but is also related to the state of the individual’s health E) has been challenged by some specialists on the grounds that the causes of cancer have not been established fully



67. As one learns from the passage, some suggest that, in assessing the risk of breast cancer, one should ----. A) also pay attention to the question of whether kcalorie intake affects the risk of heart disease B) focus primarily on the type of cancer and ignore the role of saturated fat C) take into consideration total energy intake rather than the levels of kcalories from fat D) closely study the variations observed in the percentages of kcalories from saturated fat



65. It is clear from the passage that, according to some studies, saturated fat ----.



E) be concerned not only with total energy intake but also with the percentages of kcalories from fat



A) and its effect on a number of diseases, including heart disease, has yet to be further researched B) plays a primary role in the development of all kinds of cancer rather than in heart disease C) should only be consumed moderately so as to prevent all kinds of cancers



68. It is suggested in the passage that every cancer ----.



D) does seem to have a link with certain types of cancer, of which prostate cancer is an example



A) seems to develop as a result of the harmful effects of dietary fat



E) has only recently come to be regarded, in the light of extensive research, as a major cause of cancer



B) is of a different kind and cannot necessarily be associated with dietary fat C) can be predicted through kcalorie percentages related to dietary fat D) is in some way associated with heart disease E) is just as fatal as breast or prostate cancer



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



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A ÜDS İNG. SAĞ. BİL. / MART 2008 70. As is clear from the passage, undernourished people ----.



69. – 72. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. People who fail to eat enough food to meet energy needs risk nutrient deficiencies, including thiamin deficiency. Inadequate thiamin intakes have been reported among malnourished and homeless people. Similarly, people who derive most of their energy from empty-kcalorie items, like alcohol, risk thiamin deficiency. Alcohol contributes energy, but provides few, if any, nutrients and often displaces food. In addition, alcohol enhances thiamin excretion in the urine, doubling the risk of deficiency. Prolonged thiamin deficiency can result in the disease “beriberi,” which was first observed in East Asia when the custom of polishing rice became widespread. Rice provided 80 per cent of the energy intake of the people of that area, and rice hulls (the outer skin of rice) were their principal source of thiamin. When the hulls were removed, beriberi spread like wildfire. Because thiamin participates in nerve processes, paralysis sets in when it is lacking. The symptoms of beriberi include damage to the nervous system as well as to the heart and other muscles.



A) usually suffer from a number of diseases which are linked to prolonged thiamin deficiency B) are likely to contract various diseases, in particular, beriberi C) are particularly vulnerable to thiamin deficiency and frequently suffer from heart disease D) must avoid alcohol and keep to a diet which is rich in thiamin E) may face nutrient deficiencies since they do not have enough energy intake



71. In the passage, it is pointed out that alcohol ----. A) has a positive effect on nutrients in food and, thus, increases one’s intake of energy B) is a major source of all kinds of nutrients, especially of thiamin C) is an empty-kcalorie beverage and increases the urinary excretion of thiamin D) plays a positive role in overcoming one’s nutrient deficiencies E) provides a great deal of energy whereby inadequate thiamin intake is tolerated



69. According to the passage, thiamin deficiency ----. A) has been attributed mainly to excessive consumption of alcohol B) has always been very common among East Asian people



72. As one can understand from the passage, people in East Asia began to contract beriberi ----.



C) and its effects were understood, to some extent, after the case of the East Asian people



A) due to excessive alcohol consumption



D) affects the nervous system and can lead to paralysis



B) when the hulls were removed from their rice



E) has been observed mostly among the homeless people of East Asia



C) due to damaged nerve processes caused by excess thiamin D) only because rice was excluded from their regular daily diet E) even though the food they took in contained all the nutrients needed



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



33



A ÜDS İNG. SAĞ. BİL. / MART 2008 74. It is clear from the passage that, before diagnosing hypertension, the health-care professional ----.



73. – 76. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) must make sure that the patient has no emotional problems



The single most effective step people can take against hypertension is to find out whether they have it. At check-up time, a health-care professional can provide an accurate resting blood pressure reading. Under normal conditions, blood pressure fluctuates continously in response to a variety of factors including such things as talking or shifting position. Some people react emotionally to the procedure, which raises the blood pressure reading. For these reasons, if the resting blood pressure is above normal, the reading should be repeated before confirming the diagnosis of hypertension. Thereafter, the blood pressure should be checked regularly. In general, efforts to reduce high blood pressure focus on weight control, because excess body fat, especially abdominal fat, can precipitate hypertension. Indeed, weight loss alone is one of the most effective nondrug treatments for hypertension. Those who are using drugs to control their blood pressure can often reduce or discontinue the drugs if they lose weight. Even a modest loss of 5 kilograms may significantly lower blood pressure.



B) should advise the patient on the most effective methods of losing weight C) ought to recommend to the patient certain drugs that are effective for weight loss D) should repeat the blood pressure test if the first reading is above normal E) must first deal with excess body fat and bring the blood pressure under control



75. It is pointed out in the passage that, normally, blood pressure ----. A) should not be regarded as a means to find out about hypertension B) has an irregular pattern in those people who have too much abdominal fat C) fluctuates widely among people who cannot control their emotions D) can be controlled and regulated through repeated readings



73. According to the passage, weight loss ----.



E) is not stable, but constantly changes due to various reasons



A) is certainly one way of overcoming hypertension effectively B) can be a very exhausting and boring process for some people C) can most effectively be achieved through the use of certain drugs D) is by itself not effective enough to reduce high blood pressure



76. According to the passage, if a person with hypertension loses weight, ----. A) other nondrug treatments should be disregarded B) regular blood pressure readings may be discontinued



E) should be taken into consideration only when drug treatment for hypertension has failed



C) every attempt should be made to read the blood pressure accurately D) it may be possible to decrease the dosage of hypertension medication E) effective drugs should be used to reduce abdominal fat in the first place



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



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A ÜDS İNG. SAĞ. BİL. / MART 2008 79. It is emphasized in the passage that the delay in the diagnosis of most cancers in the mouth ----.



77. – 80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Oral cancers develop in 30,000 Americans and cause 8,000 deaths each year, mostly in people over age 40. This represents about 2.5 per cent of cancer cases and 1.5 per cent of all cancer-related deaths. Clearly this is a high rate considering the small size of the mouth in relation to the rest of the body. Along with cancers of the lung and skin, cancers of the mouth are more preventable than most other cancers. Non-cancerous and cancerous growths can originate in any type of tissue in and around the mouth, including bone, muscle, and nerve. Rarely, cancers found in the mouth region have spread there from other parts of the body – most commonly the lung, breast and prostate. Screening for oral cancer should be an integral part of medical and dental examinations because early detection is critical. Cancers less than a half inch across can usually be cured easily. Unfortunately, most oral cancers aren’t diagnosed until they’ve spread to the lymph nodes of the jaw and neck. Because of delayed detection, 25 per cent of oral cancers are fatal.



A) can have a harmful effect on other parts of the body, especially on the lungs B) can lead to the spread of these cancers to the jaw and neck areas C) should not be tolerated, since these cancers can spread to the breast and prostate D) is a primary cause of death among middle-aged people E) is not as serious as a delay in detecting skin cancers



77. It is made clear in the passage that oral cancers ----. A) account for 1.5 per cent of deaths from cancer in Americans B) are always cured effectively, since they are detected right away



80. In this passage, the writer ----. A) is concerned with oral cancers in regard to their nature, early detection, and effects as well as their incidence rate in America B) explains in detail the importance of oral hygiene and how cancerous growths in the mouth can be prevented



C) are more fatal than other cancers, such as breast and prostate cancers D) have only in the past few years become a major concern among dentists in the US



C) gives a wide range of reasons for widespread cases of lung cancer in America



E) are invariably caused by cancers in the rest of the body



D) gives a full description of how oral cancers spread to many parts of the body, including the lymph nodes of the jaw and neck E) suggests that cancerous and non-cancerous growths in the mouth can only be differentiated through a full medical and dental examination



78. One understands from the passage that medical examinations ----. A) should be carried out once dental examinations confirm a non-cancerous growth in the mouth B) must always precede dental examination to detect cancerous growths in the mouth C) should include a check for the early detection of oral cancers



TEST BİTTİ.



D) must be made of all the body before the treatment of an oral cancer can be initiated



CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.



E) should focus on cancerous rather than noncancerous growths in various parts of the body



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



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ÜNİVERSİTELERARASI KURUL YABANCI DİL SINAVI (ÜDS) 23 MART 2008 A KİTAPÇIĞI



İNGİLİZCE SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ TESTİ CEVAP ANAHTARI 1. E



21. C



41. E



61. B



2. C



22. D



42. D



62. A



3. E



23. A



43. B



63. E



4. D



24. D



44. C



64. C



5. B



25. B



45. A



65. D



6. A



26. E



46. D



66. A



7. D



27. A



47. B



67. C



8. C



28. E



48. C



68. B



9. B



29. C



49. A



69. D



10. D



30. D



50. B



70. E



11. E



31. B



51. D



71. C



12. B



32. A



52. E



72. B



13. D



33. C



53. D



73. A



14. A



34. E



54. E



74. D



15. C



35. D



55. B



75. E



16. B



36. C



56. A



76. D



17. D



37. A



57. C



77. A



18. A



38. E



58. E



78. C



19. E



39. B



59. D



79. B



20. A



40. A



60. C



80. A



A İNGİLİZCE ÜDS İNG. SOS. BİL. / MART 2008 5. In narrative poems, characters often ---- certain ideas or heroic qualities which the poet wishes to celebrate.



1. – 18. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. 1. The process of economic and social reforms that began in the 1990s in some developing countries has had a profound ---- on the functioning and adjustment of their labour markets. A) dismissal



B) recovery



C) impact



D) recognition



A) head towards



B) stand for



C) show up



D) carry out E) try on



6. Children can ---- different roles, work through conflicts, and attempt various methods of communication, all under the pretence of play.



E) distrust



B) implicit



C) vulnerable



D) competent



B) give up



C) get in



D) try out E) fall back on



2. Ever since the ---- remains of ancient states and cities were first discovered, the collapse of their civilizations has been a focus of debate and inquiry. A) consistent



A) go along with



7. In the US, the percentage of obese people ---over the past two decades, and at present, 35% of the population ---- overweight.



E) impressive



A) could have doubled / would be B) had doubled / was C) has doubled / is 3. The Arawak Indians were the first to inhabit Grenada, but they were all ---- massacred by the belligerent Carib Indians. A) fairly



B) previously D) principally



D) would double / will be E) doubled / has been



C) eventually



E) rarely



8. The Pyramid of the Sun ---- in stages in the second and third centuries A.D. and ---- about 200 feet high and 700 feet in length. 4. In the advertising industry, it is a maxim that a message needs to be ---- often in order to be both understood and appreciated. A) repeated



B) engaged



D) involved



A) was built / measures B) had been built / may measure



C) negotiated



C) could have been built / was to measure



E) settled



D) has been built / would measure E) could be built / had measured



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



36



A ÜDS İNG. SOS. BİL. / MART 2008 9. Underwater archaeology is generally considered to ---- its first major encouragement during the winter of 1853-54, when a particularly low water level in a Swiss lake ---- bare enormous quantities of wooden posts, pottery and other artifacts. A) be receiving / has laid



12. Psychological studies show that Belgian and French workers place greater importance ---personal independence than do workers ---- many other countries. A) in / of



B) on / in



C) about / by



D) to / for



B) be received / would lay



E) of / within



C) have been received / had laid D) receive / could have laid E) have received / laid



13. Ancient Pompeii, destroyed in A.D. 79 ---- an eruption of Vesuvius, lay buried ---- rock and ash until the 18th century. 10. Sub-Saharan Africa ---- at a relatively stable rate since the mid-1990s, and its growth ---- in the following years. A)



was growing / continues



B)



has been growing / should continue



C)



has grown / should have continued



D)



grew / has continued



E)



is growing / will have continued



A) by / under



B) at / for



C) with / below



D) in / on E) through / over



14. During the second half of the 20th century, the fracture rates among high-risk European populations grew higher, ---- this increase was modest compared with that of the urbanized populations in Southern Asia. A) in case



B) because



C) unless



D) but E) now that



11. In a clever experiment carried out during the 1980s, a team of psychologists at Cornell University ---- that being in a happy mood ---people generate more creative solutions to problems. A) have found / will help



15. Citizens of countries that are members of the EU, as well as citizens from the US, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, do not need a visa to visit Germany ---- their stay does not exceed three months.



B) had found / helped C) are to find / would help D) found / helps E) would find / has helped



A) whereas



B) as if



C) so long as



D) whether E) so that



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



37



A ÜDS İNG. SOS. BİL. / MART 2008 16. Every Turkish citizen over the age of 25 is eligible to be a deputy in Parliament ---- he or she has completed primary education and has not been convicted of a serious crime.



19. – 23. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



A) with the idea that



The Spanish people take particular pride in their cultural heritage. (19) ---- the traditional art form of flamenco dance and the three-act drama of the bullfight (corrida), the theatres and opera houses of Spanish cities provide one of the best ways of sharing the cultural experience (20) ---- Spain. Many activities (21) ---- well after midnight, and so taking full advantage of the afternoon siesta is a good way to (22) ---- for the evening ahead. Further, Spain’s mountain ranges, woodlands and extensive coast offer great potential for scenic tours and sports vacations (23) ---- alternatives to sunbathing on the beach.



B) from the point of view that C) despite the fact that D) by the fact that E) on condition that



19. 17. The number of frauds in the US ---- the criminal uses someone else’s credit card number doubled to 162,000 cases in 2002. A) in which



B) by whom



C) of which



D) which



A) In opposition to



B) As a result of



C) In addition to



D) Dependent on E) In spite of



20.



E) with whom



A) at



B) for D) of



C) by E) from



21. A) begin



B) began



C) are to begin



D) have begun E) was to begin



18. Unlike many other European nations, Finland has not been the destination of large groups of foreign workers, ---- has it ever been a colonial power. A) and



B) nor D) also



22. A) maintain



B) prepare



D) identify



C) or



C) complete



E) participate



E) not 23. A) just



B) like D) even



C) such E) as



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



38



A ÜDS İNG. SOS. BİL. / MART 2008 27. As long as the inflation rate differs from what is expected, ----.



24. – 35. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.



A) there will always be winners and losers 24. When a rise in civil-servant numbers resulted in economic problems in Tanzania, ----.



B) the same is true for unanticipated inflation



A) newly emerged leaders often offered civil service jobs to their supporters in Africa



C) it is called hyperinflation when rates exceed 50% per month



B) the payment of civil servants is still problematic



D) the purchasing power of your wage would be less than you anticipated



C) a painful cut in pay would be inevitable because of staff numbers



E) many people devoted their time to speculation in real estate



D) the IMF forced the government to cut the total wage bill E) holding civil servants to account is another problem



28. On the issue of why men earn more than women, ----.



25. Since older people perform certain tasks better than the young do, ----.



A) various studies suggest the opposite is true



A) it is wrong to categorize them as generally less capable



B) some people are of the opinion that sex discrimination plays an important role



B) older people often are more socially competent



C) American economists observed a gap of about 20% among workers aged 26-34



C) an older employee might prove initially slower at a particular mental function



D) a recent study suggests that Afro-American females earn 86% as much as white females



D) it is exactly what employers worry about in quality-control jobs



E) others believe that the gender gap is smaller in Europe but much larger in Japan



E) this insight has important implications for the workplace



26. Although it is not known exactly when potterymaking began in Cappadocia, ----.



29. Even before the Walt Disney Company signed an agreement with the French government to open Euro Disney, ----.



A) early pottery was generally shaped by the wrapping-rolling method



A) the park would employ thousands of people and attract a large number of tourists



B) it is still agreed that the art originated in Mesopotamia C) it dates back at least to Hittite times



B) Disneyland Paris has more than twice as many visitors as the Louvre



D) most archaeologists are keenly interested in the excavations that are going on



C) certain attractions are introduced to cater to French tastes



E) pottery belonging to other cultures has been found in the townships of Hacıbektaş and Güzelyurt



D) critics began to refer to it as a cultural disaster E) the French are the largest European consumers of Disney products such as comic books Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



39



A ÜDS İNG. SOS. BİL. / MART 2008 30. The most prominent ancient monument in İzmir is the ruined fortress of Kadifekale, ----.



33. Dutch was widely known in Europe in the 17th century, ----.



A) so successive reconstructions were made by the Romans, Byzantines and Ottoman Turks



A) since English has had much influence on Dutch since the Second World War



B) and all that survives are the fortifications on Kadifekale



B) as it has had an influence in Sri Lanka



C) but the foundations and a few of the lower courses were built around 295 B.C.



C) when Dutch-derived artistic terms such as “landscape” and “sketch” were adopted into English



D) whereas the ruins that one sees there today are the remains of the citadel



D) but there was a Low German influence on English starting with the later Middle Ages



E) which was originally the acropolis of the Hellenistic city



E) until scholars use the word “Netherlandic” as a historical term for the various dialects spoken in the Netherlands



34. It was not until the middle of the 19th century ----.



31. Small states in Africa like Senegal would probably integrate with the global production chains of multinationals ----.



A) while some geologists were studying the stratification of rocks



A) although Mali and Cameroon could be industrialized by processing foodstuffs



B) when there were significant achievements in the newly developing science of geology



B) while countries with large populations like Nigeria might develop their own national industries



C) in which these guidelines were to be the basis of archaeological excavations D) that the discipline of archaeology became truly established



C) if ever South African firms expand aggressively across the region



E) before the term “prehistory” itself came into general use



D) whereas such obstacles explain why subSaharan countries have only a marginal share in manufactured goods E) in that most African industries are classified as small-to-medium sized enterprises



35. Most stutterers can recite poems or sing with relative ease, ----. A) since they exhibit structural weaknesses in the brain’s speech motor centres and auditory areas



32. Some researchers have recently questioned ----. A) whether drug protocols used in American lethal injections produce death without pain



B) whether speculation about the causes of the speech problem has been widespread since ancient times



B) that some people used to believe capital punishment was wrong C) which lethal injections replaced death by hanging D) because it is obliged to execute as humanely as it can E) when the time has come for renewed consideration of the death penalty



C) so as late as the mid-19th century, physicans were using surgery to correct supposed defects in the tongue D) although stress may also influence the onset and durability of stammering E) but normal conversation can be a distressing exercise in frustration Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



40



A ÜDS İNG. SOS. BİL. / MART 2008 38. Whereas the freedom of the press in America is guaranteed by the First Amendment to the Constitution, the British press has never enjoyed such a right.



36. – 38. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz. 36. The Romans adopted from the Greeks not only epic and lyric poetry, but also rhetoric, philosophy, and the writing of history.



A) Her ne kadar Birinci Anayasa Değişikliği ile Amerika’da basın özgürlüğü güvenceye kavuşturulmuş ise de, İngiliz basınının böyle bir haktan yararlanması söz konusu değildir.



A) Romalılar, Yunanlılardan sadece destanı ve lirik şiiri değil, aynı zamanda söylevi, felsefeyi ve tarih yazımını almışlardır. B) Romalıların Yunanlılardan aldıkları arasında sadece destan ve lirik şiir değil, aynı zamanda söylev, felsefe ve tarih yazımı bulunmaktadır. C) Romalılar, destan, lirik şiir, söylev, felsefe ve tarih yazımının hepsini Yunanlılardan almışlardır. D) Destan ve lirik şiirden başka, söylev, felsefe ve tarih yazımı da, Romalıların Yunanlılardan aldıkları arasındadır.



B) Amerika’da Birinci Anayasa Değişikliği sonucu basın özgürlüğünün tam bir güvence altına alınmış olmasına karşın İngiliz basınının böyle bir hakka sahip olması hiçbir zaman öngörülmemiştir. C) Basın özgürlüğü, Birinci Anayasa Değişikliği ile Amerika’da güvence altına alınırken, böyle bir hak İngiliz basını için hiçbir zaman gündeme gelmemiştir. D) Amerika’da basın özgürlüğü, Birinci Anayasa Değişikliği ile güvence altına alındığı halde, İngiliz basını hiçbir zaman böyle bir hakka sahip olmamıştır.



E) Romalıların Yunanlılardan aldıklarını, hem destan ve lirik şiir, hem de söylev, felsefe ve tarih yazımı oluşturmaktadır.



E) İngiliz basınının hiçbir zaman sahip olmadığı basın özgürlüğü hakkı, Amerika’da Birinci Anayasa Değişikliği ile kayıtsız şartsız güvence altına alınmıştır.



37. Until the 1950s, Nepal was a closed society ruled by hereditary prime ministers, but since then it has had an open-door policy for integration with the outside world.



39. – 41. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz. 39. Son derece saygın bir yazar ve muhalif olan Vaclav Havel, 1989’da Çekoslovakya cumhurbaşkanı seçilince, ülkedeki aşağı yukarı 42 yıllık komünist yönetim sona erdi.



A) 1950’lere gelinceye kadar aynı soydan gelen başbakanlarca kapalı bir toplum olarak yönetilen Nepal, o zamandan beri dış dünya ile bütünleşerek açık kapı politikası benimsemiştir. B) Aynı soydan gelen başbakanlar, 1950’lere kadar Nepal’i kapalı bir toplum olarak yönetmişlerse de daha sonra dış dünya ile bütünleşmek amacıyla, açık kapı politikası benimsenmiştir. C) Nepal’in, aynı soydan gelen başbakanlarca kapalı bir toplum olarak yönetilmesi 1950’lere kadar sürmüştür, fakat daha sonra, dış dünya ile bütünleşme hedeflenerek, açık kapı politikası benimsenmiştir. D) Her ne kadar 1950’lere gelinceye değin Nepal, aynı soydan gelen başbakanlarca kapalı bir toplum olarak yönetilmişse de daha sonra, açık kapı politikası izlenmiş ve dış dünya ile bütünleşme sağlanmıştır. E) 1950’lere kadar Nepal, aynı soydan gelen başbakanlarca yönetilen kapalı bir toplumdu; ancak, dış dünya ile bütünleşmek için, o zamandan beri açık kapı siyaseti izlemiştir.



A) The election in 1989 of Vaclav Havel, a much admired writer and rebel, as the president of Czechoslovakia ended the 42-year Communist regime in the country. B) In 1989 when Vaclav Havel, a highly respected writer and dissident, was elected president of Czechoslovakia, nearly 42 years of Communist rule in the country came to an end. C) Communist rule in Czechoslovakia had lasted for about 42 years before Vaclav Havel, who was admired greatly as a writer and political rebel, was elected president of the country. D) Vaclav Havel was so respected in Czechoslovakia as a writer and political figure that, when he was elected president in 1989, the Communist regime in the country, which had lasted for over 42 years, came to an end. E) As a dissident and an extremely admired writer, Vaclav Havel was elected president of Czechoslovakia in 1989, and this brought to an end the 42-year Communist rule in the country. Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



41



A ÜDS İNG. SOS. BİL. / MART 2008 40. I. Dünya Savaşı’nın başında Romanya tarafsızlığını ilân etti; ancak, daha sonra Almanya ve müttefiklerine karşı savaşa katıldı. A) Although Romania was neutral at the time World War I broke out, it soon decided to declare war on Germany and her allies.



42. – 46. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz. 42. Although difficulties with names are nothing new, the nature of name-giving changed with the introduction of computer technology. ----. In the old days, a letter from overseas addressed to the “U.S.” or the “U.S.A.” or even the “E.U.” would stand a chance of being delivered, but an e-mail for the corresponding geographic domain must have the exact designation “US”; no variation is tolerated.



B) When World War I started, Romania was determined to remain neutral but, soon after, it declared war on Germany and her allies. C) At the start of World War I, Romania proclaimed its neutrality, but later joined the war against Germany and her allies.



A) For example, the ticker symbols that identify securities on the New York Stock Exchange can be no more than three characters long



D) Romania’s neutrality was declared at the start of World War I, but this did not last long since it later declared war on both Germany and her allies.



B) Broadcast radio stations in the US have call signs of either three or four letters, and the first letter is always either K or W



E) Romania’s declaration of war on Germany as well as her allies came later, since at the start of World War I it had decided to remain neutral.



C) The names can get so long and intricate that only a computer can identify them D) It is not just the names that are scarce; we are even running out of numbers E) Place names – and abbreviations for them – offer a good example of how names have changed



41. Yunan alfabesinden kendi alfabelerini geliştiren Akdeniz ulusları arasında, M.Ö. 9. yüzyılda İtalya’ya yerleşmiş olan Etrüskler de bulunuyordu.



43. Capturing your attention and holding it is the prime motive of most television programming, and this enhances its role as a profitable advertising vehicle. ----. So the surest way to get audiences focused on a programme is to provide them with constant stimulation through variety, novelty, action and movement.



A) The Etruscans, who had invaded Italy during the 9th century B.C., were one of the Mediterranean peoples who adopted their alphabets from the Greek alphabet. B) Among the Mediterranean peoples who developed their own alphabets from the Greek alphabet were also the Etruscans, who had settled in Italy in the 9th century B.C.



A) It is difficult to escape the influence of television



C) It was from the Greek alphabet that, like other Mediterranean peoples, the Etruscans, who had conquered Italy in the 9th century B.C., developed their own alphabet.



C) The only things Americans do more than watch television are work and sleep



B) The advertisements are often more entertaining than the actual programmes



D) Programmers live in constant fear of losing the attention of their audiences



D) Like the other Mediterranean peoples, the Etruscans, who invaded and settled in Italy in the 9th century B.C., adapted the Greek alphabet and developed their own.



E) By the age of 20 an average person will have been exposed to at least 20,000 hours of television



E) The Etruscans were among the Mediterranean peoples who settled in Italy during the 9th century B.C. and created their own alphabet from the Greek alphabet.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



42



A ÜDS İNG. SOS. BİL. / MART 2008 46. Whether or not the number of pilots increases in the long run, for the foreseeable future small planes could make a difference mainly if they constitute the operating fleet for a new national system of air taxis. ----. And, in the race to create this fleet, two companies are deeply involved.



44. The arts in Italy have enjoyed a long and glorious history, and Italians are very proud of this. ----. Still, efforts are being made throughout the country to put as many art collections on show as possible. The performing arts such as opera and cinema are also underfunded, yet there are spectacular cultural festivals. A) A tradition of literary Italian was established back in the 13th and 14th centuries by Dante and Petrarch, who wrote in a cultured Florentine dialect B) In the land of Verdi and Rossini, opera is naturally well supported



A) They will be looking for jet planes priced at well under a million dollars apiece B) The people racing to create new systems of air transportation are nearly all men who learned to fly as teenagers C) Both these companies have already begun large-scale production of a genuinely new small airplane



C) However, it does cost a lot to look after them D) It was the artists and scholars of 15th-century Florence who inspired the Renaissance in Europe



D) In fact, most airlines have introduced considerable reductions in their air fares E) A supply of inexpensive, safe, comfortable small planes could bring freedom and convenience to a broader share of the travelling public



E) On the other hand, Rome, Florence and Venice are naturally the main tourist destinations



45. In its first case concerned with global warming, the US Supreme Court ruled in April that greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide are air pollutants which the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) can regulate. As a consequence, experts agree that greenhouse emissions from automobiles and possibly power plants will face regulation. The debate will now focus on how strict or flexible those rules will be. ----. Moreover, the agency also stated that even if it did have the power to regulate these gases, it would not do so. A) If the agency were to refuse, there would be a lawsuit against it B) However, the EPA had long claimed to have no authority in regulating these gases C) Siding with the EPA were several industry groups and ten states, a number of which rely heavily on coal, electricity or motor vehicle production D) The Supreme Court ruling may represent a milestone in the legal battle over climate change E) Notably, 12 states had been seeking waivers from the Agency permitting them to pass laws requiring reduced car emissions of greenhouse gases from the 2009 model year onward



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



43



A ÜDS İNG. SOS. BİL. / MART 2008 49. Oscar : - This article tells how a poor woman in Bangladesh borrowed money from a bank and set up a small profitable business.



47. – 51. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz.



Ernie : - ----



47. Woody : - Hi, Amy. How are you? Amy : - Oh, I’m fine, but I’m worried about my daughter. Her notes in maths have fallen this year, and I think it’s mostly due to her teacher. Woody : - ----



Oscar : - I had never heard of it until I read this article. Very interesting. Ernie : - Imagine. When she has finished paying off the loan, she’ll make an even greater profit! A) So you are interested in economic matters, are you?



Amy : - Oh, the teacher is qualified enough, but I don’t think she’s used to teaching at my daughter’s age level.



B) Oh, I know. It is an example of the micro-credit system practised in Bangladesh.



A) Why? Isn’t he or she a good enough teacher? B) I had the same worries with my son last year, but everything turned out alright.



C) How did she find a bank that would lend her the money?



C) Why don’t you talk to the school principal?



D) As you may recall, the per capita income in Bangladesh has always been very very low.



D) Are you sure your daughter is working hard enough?



E) Bangladesh is not an industralized country, and the rate of unemployment there is very very high.



E) What about your son? How’s his maths this year?



48. Maria : - Natives of the areas near the Arctic Circle say that people who come from Europe or America are essentially lonely. Bob : - ---Maria : - Well, I think they’re trying to say that Europeans and Americans are not so closely involved with their neighbours or relatives. Bob : - That idea deserves some thought, I suppose. A) Do you ever feel lonely? I never do. B) In fact, natives of the Arctic used to live together with their extended families. C) I completely disagree. D) What do they mean by that? E) Which natives do you mean?



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



44



A ÜDS İNG. SOS. BİL. / MART 2008 51. Fred : - Have you read this article about Lady Bird Johnson, the wife of former US president Lyndon Baines Johnson?



50. Helena : - I’m reading an article on the US government’s breakup of the Standard Oil Trust, which occurred in 1911. Ron : - ----



Bob : - ----



Helena : - Well, the trust was controlling over 90% of the market for refined petroleum products, and using unfair means to do so. The government broke it up into several new companies to encourage competition and reduce prices.



Fred : - That’s right. The article is largely about her commitment to cleaning up America and making it more beautiful by planting trees and flowers in the cities.



Ron : - It’s a good thing they did, too.



Bob : - Well, that’s a worthy cause, and I think she succeeded during her lifetime.



A) Why don’t you try reading something a little more current?



A) No, I haven’t. How do you find the time to read so many articles?



B) Yes; there are many similar stories in US economic history.



B) No; I was never a big fan of either President or Mrs Johnson.



C) Oh? What happened?



C) No. What does it say about her?



D) I’ve always found American industrial history fascinating.



D) No, but I’d like to have a look at it when you’re through.



E) I don’t think it should have been broken up.



E) No, I haven’t. Didn’t she die last year?



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



45



A ÜDS İNG. SOS. BİL. / MART 2008 52. – 56. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. 52. (I) It has been estimated that at least 100,000 children testify in court cases in the US every year. (II) This figure does not include the much larger number of instances in which children provide evidence outside court. (III) In recent years, a number of researchers have performed studies that speak directly to this important question. (IV) The cases in which children testify have a range of topics, but the most frequent category among criminal trials, accounting for about 13,000 cases each year, is child sexual abuse. (V) In most instances of alleged abuse, the child witness is also the target of the abuse. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



B) II



C) III



D) IV



B) II



C) III



D) IV



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



56. (I) An engineer may choose either to work or not to work in defense-related industries and be ethically justified in either position. (II) Many reasonable engineering professionals feel that, ethically, they cannot work on designs that will ultimately be used to kill other humans. (III) Their remoteness from the actual killing doesn’t change this feeling. (IV) Everyone in his working life is likely to face problems that cannot be solved easily. (V) Even though they won’t push the button or may never actually see the victims of the weapon, they still find it morally unacceptable to work on such systems.



E) V



54. (I) The World Cup football tournament has grown much more competitive due to globalization. (II) More and more players from teams with no history of success are getting the chance to play for more experienced teams in other countries. (III) Indeed, football is the most popular sport in South America. (IV) Further, the trend now in world football is for games in the competition to be decided by much closer scores. (V) This means more suspense for the spectators, a fact that makes watching the matches more enjoyable. A) I



A) I



E) V



53. (I) In 1958, following the signing of the Treaty of Rome in the previous year, the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU), was born, and Brussels became its headquarters. (II) Today, the city remains home to most of the EU’s institutions. (III) The European Commission, the EU body that formulates the policies, is currently based in various buildings in the city. (IV) The city is also one of the seats of the European Parliament. (V) Each nation has a certain number of votes according to their size in the Council of Ministers. A) I



55. (I) To answer the question “why?” is the most difficult task in archaeology. (II) The past 30 years have seen the re-emergence of the use of archaeological theory. (III) Indeed, it is the most challenging and interesting task in any science or field of knowledge. (IV) For with this question, we go beyond the mere appearance of things and on to a level of analysis that seeks in some way to understand the pattern of events. (V) Indeed, this is the goal motivating many researchers who take up the study of the human past, whether through archaeology or history.



A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



E) V



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



46



A ÜDS İNG. SOS. BİL. / MART 2008 58. It is stated in the passage that the idea of individual freedom, ----.



57. – 60. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. The most important idea of the nineteenth century in Britain was that everyone had the right to personal freedom, and this became the basis of capitalism. This idea, which had originated with Adam Smith in the eighteenth century, spread widely due to the popularity of his book The Wealth of Nations. After Adam Smith, several capitalist economists argued that the government should not interfere in trade and industry at all. Fewer laws, they claimed, meant more freedom, and freedom for individuals would lead to happiness for the greatest number of people. These ideas were eagerly accepted by the growing middle class. However, it soon became very clear that the freedom of factory owners to do as they pleased had led to slavery and misery for the poor, not to happiness or freedom. By 1820, more and more people had begun to accept the idea that the government must interfere to protect the poor and the weak. The result was a number of laws to improve working conditions. For instance, one of the laws, which went into effect in 1833, limited the number of hours that women and children were allowed to work.



A) widely popular among factory owners, led to a serious decline in trade and industry in nineteenth-century Britain B) first put forward by Adam Smith in the eighteenth century, led to the rise of a capitalist economy in Britain C) supported by capitalist economists, in fact had nothing to do with the development of the capitalist economy in Britain D) which formed the essence of Britain’s government policies, had been originally attacked by Adam Smith E) which was confined to economic activities, had much influence on the government’s economic policies in Britain in the eighteenth century 59. According to the passage, following in the footsteps of Adam Smith, a number of capitalist economists in Britain ----. A) were much upset about the practices of factory owners and, therefore, made proposals to the government to stop child labour B) believed that more laws were needed to encourage commercial and industrial activities throughout the country



57. As pointed out in the passage, in the early decades of the nineteenth century in Britain ----. A) a growing number of people shared the view that the poor had to be protected against capitalist abuse B) the English middle class strongly supported the government’s proposals for the improvement of life for the poor



C) were so concerned with the happiness of the majority in society that they provided employment even for women and children D) did their best to improve the economy of the country and fully supported the government’s economic policies E) maintained that commercial and industrial activities were to be completely free from any government interference



C) most factory owners introduced a wide range of measures to improve the working conditions of women and children



60. Though it was still widely believed in nineteenthcentury Britain that laws limit freedom, ----.



D) the government adopted a new policy which ultimately led to the abolition of slavery in the country



A) the government in Britain did not hold with this belief



E) the government strongly held the view that new legislative steps had to be taken to increase the effectiveness of capitalism in the country



B) factory owners felt that they needed the protection of laws C) laws to improve working conditions in the factories were eventually introduced D) Adam Smith did not share this view E) the book, The Wealth of Nations, discredited this theory Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



47



A ÜDS İNG. SOS. BİL. / MART 2008 62. According to the passage, seventeenth-century emigration from England ----.



61. – 64. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) was mostly in the direction of Europe The seventeenth century is probably the first in English history in which more people emigrated than immigrated. In the course of the century, something over one-third of a million people, mainly young adult males, emigrated across the Atlantic. The largest single group made for the West Indies; a second substantial group made for America, in particular Virginia and Catholic Maryland, and even Puritan New England. The pattern of emigration was a fluctuating one, but it probably reached its peak in the 1650s and 1660s. For most of those who emigrated, the search for employment and a better life was almost certainly the principal cause of their departure. For a clear minority, however, freedom from religious persecution took precedence. Moreover, an increasing number were forcibly transported as a punishment for criminal acts. In addition to these transatlantic emigrants, an unknown number emigrated to Europe and settled there. The largest group were probably the sons of Catholic families making for religious houses in France and elsewhere. There were also some adventurers who were willing to fight in any cause if the pay were good.



B) included as many women as men C) surpassed immigration to England D) did not include men wishing to fight in foreign wars E) to the West Indies exceeded emigration there from many other European countries



63. It is stated in the passage that the emigrants from England to America in the seventeenth century ----. A) had to choose between Virginia and New England B) were almost all in search of religious freedom C) found what they were looking for there D) included criminals who, as a punishment, were being deported from the country E) followed a very stable pattern since most of the emigrants shared the same aims



64. It is clear from the passage that those emigrating from England in the seventeenth century, ----.



61. As clearly pointed out in the passage, for a very large majority of people who left England in the seventeenth century for America and the West Indies, ----.



A) were largely criminals hoping to make a fresh start in life



A) the main motive was to find work and improve their way of life



B) were mostly Catholics headed for Europe and Maryland



B) New England seemed to offer far better economic opportunities than any other place



C) were usually reluctant to do so D) were not usually serious about finding employment



C) religious freedom was of vital importance and became the main reason for emigration D) the real attraction was a life filled with excitement



E) included a small number who were simply looking for good pay and adventure



E) Virginia and Maryland provided better conditions for employment than the West Indies



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



48



A ÜDS İNG. SOS. BİL. / MART 2008 66. As pointed out in the passage, the system of direct democracy ----.



65. – 68. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Ancient Greece consisted of a number of city-states, of which Athens was one of the greatest. In the fifth century B.C., all citizens native to Athens could both vote and speak in a government assembly; but this, of course did not apply to women and slaves. This system of “direct democracy” was feasible because Athens was a small community. Each individual could be involved, gathering collectively in the public square where decisions on government matters, such as laws and foreign affairs, were made. City administrators were expected to account for their decisions. What counted in ancient Athens was the authority of the community as a whole. This took precedent over the liberty of the individual. The freedom of the individual to make private decisions, such as choosing a religion, was restricted on the grounds that the interests of society were paramount. However, this simple form of democracy had its drawbacks. While subsequent political thinkers praised the concept of direct political involvement, it was recognized that this would be impractical in larger communities. Indeed, societies with populations of thousands or millions would never be able to manage the logistical problem of direct participation. It was, therefore, natural that in modern times there emerged the idea of representative democracy.



A) fully safeguarded individual liberties while it restricted the authority of the community as a whole B) was so efficient that, with the exception of Athens, every Greek city-state adopted it C) would obviously be unworkable in large communities D) was short-lived as it resulted in so many disagreements E) enabled a number of Greek city-states to resist the interference of Athens in their foreign affairs



67. According to the passage, every recognized Athenian male citizen ----. A) had the right of direct involvement in collective decision-making B) attending a public assembly was expected to speak on laws and foreign affairs C) was dissatisfied with the system of direct democracy as practised by a number of citystates in Greece D) had the right to hold whatever religious beliefs he chose to E) believed that representative democracy was more feasible than direct democracy



65. It is clearly stated in the passage that, in ancient Athens, ----. A) women enjoyed the same democratic rights as men and took part in the process of collective decision-making



68. In the passage, attention is drawn to the fact that administrators in ancient Athens ----.



B) what was to the benefit of the community counted more than the personal interests of the individual



A) were so powerful that no citizen dared to speak against them in the assembly B) were elected by the members of the public assembly



C) representative democracy was fully practised although it had certain drawbacks with regard to the process of decision-making



C) were normally held responsible for their decisions of government



D) everybody living in the city was required to take part in public assemblies and vote for the election of city administrators



D) did their best to reconcile the liberties of the individual and the interests of the community



E) the authority of city administrators was so great that their decisions on government matters were final



E) were biased against direct democracy and advocated representative democracy



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



49



A ÜDS İNG. SOS. BİL. / MART 2008 70. As is clear from the passage, Keynes ----.



69. – 72. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) differed little from his contemporaries in his economic theories



During the economic depression that affected the whole Western world in the 1930s, with its mass unemployment, poverty and other social ills, governments, for the most part, did nothing. The accepted wisdom was that, given time, the free market would solve its own problems and that government interference would only make things worse. John Maynard Keynes, the British economist who challenged this belief, argued that it was the proper responsibility of governments to prevent both booms and recessions in order to maintain gradual economic growth and permanent full employment. He maintained that this could be done by manipulating taxation, credit and public expenditure. If the economy was growing too fast, then money and, therefore, demand could be taken out of the economy by higher taxes, lower government spending and by making it harder to borrow money. If there was recession and growing unemployment, then the government could put money into the economy through lower taxes, higher public expenditure and easier credit. Thus, demand could be encouraged. If, as a result, there was money in people’s pockets, then more would be spent on goods and more people would be needed to make the goods to fulfil the extra demand, and this would reduce unemployment.



B) had much trust in the free market, which he believed had a positive impact on the economy of the 1930s C) did not think that the economic depression of the 1930s was serious enough to justify government interference D) firmly believed that government intervention in the management of the economy could be necessary E) argued that economic prosperity should not be the prime aim of any government



71. It is pointed out in the passage that, due to the economic depression in the West in the 1930s, ----. A) most governments curbed public expenditure and changed their system of taxation B) there was unemployment on a very large scale C) the increasing demand for goods had to be prevented through harsh economic policies D) many governments introduced a series of measures to solve social problems E) it was almost impossible for people to borrow money



69. According to the Keynesian argument summarized in the passage, in order to bring down unemployment, ----. 72. As it is stated in the passage, in the 1930s, ----.



A) new economic policies would be formulated by the government, so that demand could be curbed



A) all governments in the West carefully followed the economic policies proposed by Keynes



B) governments would follow a policy of nonintervention in the economy and allow the problem to be solved through the free market



B) permanent full employment was achieved through an efficient implementation of free market policies



C) the government had to make new loans available for businesses at very high interest rates D) the government would prefer to increase taxation, so that people would spend less



C) governments generally felt that the free market was the only way of solving the problems of the depression D) despite high unemployment, people had so much money that the demand for goods could not be controlled



E) one of several measures to be introduced by the government would be to encourage an increase in public spending



E) the British government gave Keynes full responsibility to improve the economy



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



50



A ÜDS İNG. SOS. BİL. / MART 2008 74. It is stressed in the passage that, from very early times, every Eastern as well as every Western power ----.



73. – 76. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Since the dawn of civilization, the Middle East, a region at the crossroads of Africa, Asia and Europe, has been important to large and small powers alike, from the empires of the East to the imperial powers of the West. The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, which transformed maritime travel between Europe and Asia, added to European interest. The region’s other riches also encouraged European intervention and rivalries. This resulted in a series of confrontations between the Ottoman Empire and its European adversaries, and finally in the collapse of the former and the direct or indirect European colonization of large parts of the region in the course of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. But what added to the Middle East’s importance in the twentieth century was oil, which was found in abundance in the Persian Gulf and in parts of North Africa. Moreover, in the strategic context of the Cold War, the region’s geopolitical importance provided an additional reason for the superpowers to increase their role and presence.



A) has ignored the geopolitical position of the Middle East B) has tried to colonize the Middle East and exploit its natural resources C) has maintained its presence in the Middle East on account of its oil D) has regarded the Middle East as having crucial importance E) has followed a policy of peace and cooperation with the Middle East



75. It is asserted in the passage that, when the Suez Canal was opened in 1869, ----. A) European powers had already begun to colonize the Middle East on a large scale B) an increasing number of Europeans began to make long journeys through Asia C) the flow of Middle Eastern oil to the West increased steadily D) European powers made a joint effort to get control of the region



73. According to the passage, during the Cold War, ----.



E) travel by sea between East and West underwent great changes



A) the Middle East was geopolitically so important that the superpowers came to believe that involvement in the area was desirable B) the geopolitical importance of the Middle East was recognized for the first time



76. It is pointed out in the passage that, from the nineteenth century onwards, European involvement in the Middle East ----.



C) the European powers competed with each other in the Middle East in order to have full control of the oil reserves in the Persian Gulf



A) was solely concerned with the security of the Suez Canal



D) the superpowers not only increased their activities in the Middle East but also formed alliances with the countries of the region E) the superpowers were attracted by the oil of the Middle East more than by its geopolitical position



B) was strongly resisted by the Ottoman Empire, which thus prevented the colonization of the whole region C) has largely been motivated by the region’s geopolitical importance D) led to various conflicts with the Ottoman Empire and finally ended its presence in the region E) centred only on the Suez Canal and the opening of the sea-route to Asia



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



51



A ÜDS İNG. SOS. BİL. / MART 2008 78. It is pointed out in the passage that the people of modern Geyre ----.



77. – 80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Until the early 1960s, the picturesque ruins of Aphrodisias were scattered in and around the very pretty village of Geyre, where the houses had been built largely from remnants of the ancient city. But the present excavations, which began in 1961, have now reached such a scale that the village and its inhabitants have been moved to another site nearby. Some of the superb sculptures unearthed are now exhibited in a new museum, which is located in what was once Geyre’s village square, while others can be seen around the archaeological zone, one of the most interesting and beautiful sites in all of Turkey. Surprisingly, the excavations at Aphrodisias have unearthed remains of a settlement dating back to about 5,800 B.C. The site seems to have been a very ancient shrine of Ishtar, the fertility goddess of Nineveh and Babylon, who was one of the predecessors of Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love. In fact, the earliest Greek sanctuary of Aphrodite on this site dates from the sixth century B.C., and it was from this sanctuary during the next four centuries that the cult of Aphrodite spread throughout the Graeco-Roman world.



A) have always played an active part in the excavations, since they are very keen to learn about the past of their village B) were forced to re-settle at a new site quite far from that of Aphrodisias itself C) used the remains of ancient Aphrodisias as building material for their homes D) had been moved to a new site for re-settlement before the excavations began in the early 1960s E) have insisted that the sculptures unearthed during the excavations be exhibited in the village square 79. The writer claims in the passage that Aphrodisias, with its wonderful ruins, ----. A) has been a place of attraction for archaeologists for many centuries B) is among the most attractive and loveliest of the archaeological sites in Turkey C) has now been completely excavated and declared an archaeological zone D) still lies hidden under the modern village of Geyre and, hence, needs to be unearthed E) is a Graeco-Roman archaeological site, settled for the first time in the sixth century B.C.



77. As one learns from the passage, the excavations at Aphrodisias ----. A) originally had a single aim: to find out whether there was any connection between this city and the Mesopotamian cities of Nineveh and Babylon B) confirm that Ishtar was reborn as Aphrodite



80. It is stated in the passage that the temple of Aphrodite in Aphrodisias ----. A) was the very first site to be excavated in the early 1960s and is today one of the most captivating sights at Geyre B) was designed and built in full imitation of the temple of the Babylonian fertility goddess Ishtar on the same site



C) have unearthed only a small part of the ancient settlements, which are very extensive and need to be carefully identified



C) lost its importance completely once the cult of the goddess had spread in the Graeco-Roman world



D) have focused on unearthing Aphrodite’s sanctuary as well as other Graeco-Roman remnants E) have been going on for over four decades and reveal that the city dates back to very early times



D) is still regarded by most archaeologists as an architectural wonder, which, with its superb sculptures, surprises everybody



E) gave rise to the popularity among the Greeks



and the Romans of the worship of the goddess



TEST BİTTİ. CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ. Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



52



ÜNİVERSİTELERARASI KURUL YABANCI DİL SINAVI (ÜDS) 23 MART 2008 A KİTAPÇIĞI



İNGİLİZCE SOSYAL BİLİMLERİ TESTİ CEVAP ANAHTARI 1. C



21. A



41. B



61. A



2. E



22. B



42. E



62. C



3. C



23. E



43. D



63. D



4. A



24. D



44. C



64. E



5. B



25. A



45. B



65. B



6. D



26. C



46. E



66. C



7. C



27. A



47. A



67. A



8. A



28. B



48. D



68. C



9. E



29. D



49. B



69. E



10. B



30. E



50. C



70. D



11. D



31. B



51. E



71. B



12. B



32. A



52. C



72. C



13. A



33. C



53. E



73. A



14. D



34. D



54. C



74. D



15. C



35. E



55. B



75. E



16. E



36. A



56. D



76. D



17. A



37. E



57. A



77. E



18. B



38. D



58. B



78. C



19. C



39. B



59. E



79. B



20. D



40. C



60. C



80. E



A İNGİLİZCE ÜDS İNG. FEN BİL. / MART 2008 5. For decades, scientists have theorized that much of the universe is ---- nearly undetectable dark matter and dark energy.



1. – 18. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. 1. Throughout history, many ---- in engineering and science have come about as the result of the development of weapons. A) applications



B) resolutions



C) representations



D) innovations



A) made up of



B) taken over by



C) lost in



D) held on E) broken away from



E) amplifications 6. Exploring the human genome for clues to human evolution and migration is something of a battlefield, and the ground rules of this new science are still being ----.



2. Because of the time needed to develop expertise, scientists tend to continue working in a single area for a ---- length of time, perhaps even throughout their lives. A) substantial



B) thorough



C) moderate



D) qualitative



A) worked at



B) worked out



C) worked through



D) worked back



E) worked for



E) comprehensive



7. Geology and biology ---- since life ----. A) are intertwined / has begun 3. Although the red flames of lithium and strontium appear similar, the light from each can be separated by means of a prism into ---- different colours. A) excessively



B) distinctly



C) conventionally



D) properly



B) were intertwined / had begun C) have been intertwined / began D) would be intertwined / begins E) could be intertwined / will begin



E) familiarly 8. ---- missing heat-shield tiles or a failed undercarriage door have allowed the airframe ----? A) Could / to melt B) Would / melt



4. The continents ---- their existence to Earth’s long history of plate-tectonic activity. A) endanger



B) result



D) compile



C) Might / to be melting



C) proceed



D) Can / melting



E) owe



E) Will / be melting



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



1



A ÜDS İNG. FEN BİL. / MART 2008 13. Sunspots, a barometer ---- solar activity in general, seem to have been unusually numerous ---- the last century.



9. In April 1953, Watson and Crick ---- the scientific world with a succinct paper ---- their model for DNA.



A) for / at



A) were shaking / to explain



B) of / over D) for / about



B) had been shaking / to have explained



C) within / by



E) above / from



C) have shaken / to be explaining 14. Fish often spend much of their time in the deep, cool waters of a lake ---- oxygen levels there become depleted by decomposers.



D) shook / explaining E) had shaken / having explained



10. Common fungicides ---- for the puzzlingly high levels of DDT still found in some soils, even in regions where this potent insecticide ---- decades ago.



A) as if



B) just as



C) now that



D) unless E) so as



15. In 2002, ---- Australia’s Great Barrier Reef was hit hard by unseasonable warming, 95 per cent of its coral was adversely affected.



A) are blamed / would have been banned B) could be to blame / was banned C) were blamed / must be banned D) might be blamed / would be banned



A) so that



B) if



C) when



D) so long as E) in case



E) are to blame / has been banned



16. ---- a violent storm is over, it leaves a cooler ocean behind, lowering the likelihood that more storms will flare up, at least not immediately.



11. Rockets ---- to have originated with the Chinese before the thirteenth century, which is when they ---- to appear in Europe. A) may be believed / were beginning



A) Once



B) Even so



C) Even if



D) Since E) While



B) could be believed / have begun C) were believed / had begun



17. Humans, like all warm-blooded animals, can keep their core body temperatures pretty much constant ---- differences in the temperature in the world around them.



D) have been believed / could begin E) are believed / began



12. Gregor Mendel probably chose to study garden peas because he was familiar with them ---- his rural upbringing; they were easy to grow, and they came ---- many readily distinguishable varieties. A) from / in



B) at / for



D) in / by



A) as of



B) regardless of



C) instead of



D) in terms of E) because of



18. The part of an animal ---- gases are exchanged with the environment is called the respiratory surface.



C) with / on



E) on / over



A) how



B) which D) what



C) whatever E) where



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



2



A ÜDS İNG. FEN BİL. / MART 2008 24. – 35. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.



19. – 23. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



24. Despite the fact that no one has ever seen it happen, ----.



Small planes should be safe enough for normal, nonrisk-taking people to trust their lives to them. NASA wants (19) ---- the accident rate by 90 per cent within twenty-five years. The planes should become fast enough for their effective speed to be at least three times (20) ---- great as that of cars on the highway. The existing small-plane fleet averages 150 knots; that should be raised to 300 knots within a decade, and eventually to 450 knots, (21) ---- small planes could compete with the jetliners’ speed. The planes should be more efficient and environmentally safer, using less fuel, creating less pollution, and generating less noise. They should be more (22) ---- in their operations and far simpler to fly, much like cars that vary little from one rental site to another. And they should be radically more reliable and cheaper to maintain – following the example of automobiles, with their quality revolution (23) ---- the 1980s and 1990s.



A) there is evidence to suggest that rocks of up to 320 kilograms are moved by the wind across the floor of Death Valley in California B) the Grandstand is a 20-metre-high island of rock that looks like the top of a mountain buried in a sea of sediment C) most of southeastern California is a region torn by earthquakes and eroded by wind and rain D) Death Valley lies 86 metres below sea level and is surrounded by peaks of more than 3,000 metres E) Death Valley was formed as the Amargosa and Panamint mountain ranges were pulled apart from each other



19. A) to have reduced



B) reducing



C) having reduced



D) to reduce



25. As the Hubble Space Telescope continues its mission, ----.



E) to have been reducing



A) Edwin Hubble encouraged this idea in connection with his own research B) Eta Carinae is one of the most massive stars known in the Milky Way, and is thought to be on the verge of becoming a gigantic supernova



20. A) as



B) such D) so



C) much



C) millions of people have already learned a great deal about the solar system



E) more



D) we tend to think of science in terms of great minds coming up with great ideas



21. A) if only



B) in that



C) so that



D) by which



E) it sends home new revelations about the life and death of stars and the nature of our expanding universe



E) as if 26. When the first transistor amplifiers came along, ----.



22. A) tentative



B) consistent



C) deliberate



D) reluctant



A) there were a number of design deficiencies B) the engineers identified these problems and fixed them



E) recurrent



C) people would have been astonished by the magic of it all



23. A) at



B) for D) of



D) Shockley, Bardeen and Brattain developed the transistor in 1947 and 1948



C) about E) with



E) the extent of their achievements will never be appreciated Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



3



A ÜDS İNG. FEN BİL. / MART 2008 30. Fullerenes are carbon molecules ----.



27. As soon as scientists realized the power of DNA technology, ----.



A) that the simplest fullerene molecule, C60, has a soccer-ball shape



A) early concerns focused on the possibility that they might create new pathogens B) the Human Genome Project has yielded many other unexpected results



B) whose shapes are made up of pentagons and hexagons that meet three at a time, in such a way that no two pentagons are adjacent



C) they claim that these proteins could be tested for their ability to cause allergic reactions



C) whereas, mathematically, the combinatorics of fullerenes is an application of Euler’s formula



D) they began to worry about its potential dangers



D) although other fullerenes, such as C80, have been made in the laboratory



E) one safety measure is a set of strict laboratory procedures designed to protect researchers from infection



E) while every fullerene contains exactly 12 pentagons with no limit to the number of hexagons it contains



31. Twenty years have passed since the accident at Chernobyl ----.



28. Although geologists tended to dismiss the attempt of the physicist Kelvin to estimate the age of Earth as being too simplistic, ----.



A) when many of the studies have been showing an elevated rate of mutations among the animals in the area



A) the theory of continental drift might have been accepted decades earlier



B) so that scientists studying the effects find themselves in unpopular positions



B) early nineteenth-century geologists largely accepted that Earth was of unlimited age C) many people believe that his calculation failed through his ignorance of radioactivity



C) wherever policy makers want concrete conclusions and results, not probability estimates on the dangers of radiation exposure



D) Kelvin began writing on this subject when he was 16



D) because many public servants do not share the scientists’ enthusiasm for the scientific process



E) the model he used has in fact proved very useful in geology



E) but the extent to which people and the environment have been harmed is still being hotly debated



29. Since albatross have the longest wings in nature, ----.



32. Geologists note that coal is similar to tar ----.



A) their populations had already begun to decline



A) as we might expect coal to last another 200 years



B) they came ashore far more frequently



B) unless environmental issues may limit how much of this resource is exploited



C) they can glide for hundreds of kilometres without flapping their wings



C) in that both are relatively difficult to mine without dangerous environmental consequences



D) from time to time they went in search of new breeding grounds



D) because the world is using these energy sources so inefficiently at the moment



E) most pairs mate for life, producing and raising one chick every two years



E) while tar is also formed by tobacco burning



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



4



A ÜDS İNG. FEN BİL. / MART 2008 33. Practically all the problems associated with the musculo-skeletal and body-fluid systems could be alleviated or avoided in space ships ----.



36. – 38. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz.



A) if artificial gravity similar to that on Earth could be provided



36. In North America, the electrical grid has evolved in piecemeal fashion over the past 100 years.



B) as current countermeasures are limited to the use of exercise equipment



A) Kuzey Amerika’daki mevcut elektrik şebekesi, geçen 100 yıl boyunca aşama aşama oluşturulmuştur.



C) since technological progress might have solved this problem D) before further complications had developed



B) Kuzey Amerika’daki elektrik şebekesi, geride kalan 100 yıl boyunca parça parça ancak kurulabilmiştir.



E) although the spaceship could be linearly accelerated in the desired direction



C) Kuzey Amerika’da, elektrik şebekesi, geçen 100 yıl içinde düzensiz bir şekilde gelişmiştir. D) Kuzey Amerika’daki elektrik şebekesinin bir bölümü, geçen 100 yıl içinde geliştirilmiştir. E) Kuzey Amerika elektrik şebekesinin adım adım gelişmesi, geçen 100 yıl içinde gerçekleşmiştir.



34. The Mariner 10 space probe determined ----. A) since planetary scientists have speculated about Mercury’s magnetic field B) that Mercury, unlike Venus and Mars, has a significant magnetic field C) while there is no way to judge whether iron on Mercury is solid or liquid



37. Global competition regarding limited petroleum and natural gas resources is intense, and even a mild production shortage can send prices skyrocketing, as we have been seeing for some time.



D) until the new project uses radar reflections to determine subtle oscillations in Mercury’s rotation rate



A) Sınırlı petrol ve doğal gaz kaynakları konusunda küresel rekabet yoğundur ve, bir süredir gördüğümüz gibi, hafif bir üretim açığı bile fiyatları birden yükseltebilir.



E) which presumably creates a strong magnetic field



B) Petrol ve doğal gaz kaynakları sınırlı olduğu için küresel rekabet oldukça yoğundur ve üretimde en ufak bir azalma, son zamanlarda görüldüğü gibi, fiyatları fırlatmaktadır.



35. One of the most important aspects of our planet’s evolution is the formation of the atmosphere, ----.



C) Sınırlı olan petrol ve doğal gaz kaynaklarına yönelik küresel rekabet o denli yoğundur ki, yakın zamandan beri gözlemlediğimiz gibi, en küçük bir üretim açığı bile fiyatları birden yükseltmektedir.



A) if continents and oceans, encircled by an oxygen-rich atmosphere, support familiar life forms B) although such constant change has characterized Earth since its beginning some 4.5 billion years ago



D) Küresel rekabetin yoğun olduğu petrol ve doğal gaz kaynakları oldukça sınırlıdır ve, bir süredir görüldüğü gibi, üretimde oluşan en küçük bir kısıtlama bile fiyatları oldukça yükseğe çekmektedir.



C) whether understanding the carbon dioxide content of the early atmosphere is crucial for understanding climatic control



E) Sınırlı petrol ve doğal gaz kaynakları konusundaki yoğun küresel rekabet nedeniyle, bir süredir gördüğümüz gibi, üretimin hafif de olsa düşmesi sonucu fiyatlar alabildiğine yükselmektedir.



D) because it is this assemblage of gases that allowed life to come out of the oceans and to be sustained E) as continental shift has been altering the face of Earth for nearly a billion years



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



5



A ÜDS İNG. FEN BİL. / MART 2008 40. Kozmik ışınlar, aslında, atmosferin tepesine hemen hemen ışık hızına yakın bir hızda çarpan ve çoğunlukla güneş sisteminin ötesinden gelen iyonlardır.



38. Until recently, there was no reliable method to measure the age of dinosaurs, and thus, to figure out the conditions in which they grew. A) Son yıllara kadar kullandığımız hiçbir yöntem dinozorların yaşını ölçmek ve büyüdükleri koşulları ortaya koymak için güvenilir değildi.



A) Cosmic rays, usually called ions, come from across the solar system, hitting the outer layers of the atmosphere at a speed close to that of light.



B) Dinozorların yaşını ölçmek ve dolayısıyla büyüdükleri koşulları ortaya koymak için bugüne kadar hiçbir güvenilir yöntem bulamadık.



B) The fact is that cosmic rays, also called ions, come from the other end of the solar system and constantly hit the top of the atmosphere at the full speed of light.



C) Yıllardan beri, dinozorların yaşını ölçmeye ve böylelikle nasıl büyüdüklerini belirlemeye yönelik herhangi bir yöntem bulamadık.



C) Cosmic rays are in fact ions that strike the top of the atmosphere at nearly the speed of light and mostly come from beyond the solar system.



D) Uzun zamandan beri, dinozorların yaşını ölçerek büyüdükleri koşulları kesin olarak belirlemede kullanılabilecek herhangi bir yöntemimiz yoktu.



D) It is true that cosmic rays are ions which cut across the solar system and strike the upper layer of the atmosphere at about the speed of light.



E) Son zamanlara kadar, dinozorların yaşını ölçmek ve böylece büyüdükleri koşulları anlamak için güvenilir bir yöntem yoktu.



E) What we call ions are in fact cosmic rays that, coming from the depths of the solar system, strike the upper parts of the atmosphere at exactly the speed of light.



41. Leibniz, bilgisayar programının icadından 250 yıl önce yaşamış olmasına rağmen, modern algoritmik bilgi düşüncesine çok yaklaşmıştı.



39. – 41. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz.



A) Although Leibniz lived 250 years before the invention of the computer programme, he came very close to the modern idea of algorithmic information.



39. Darwinizme göre, mümkün olduğunca sık üremek, her canlının temel amacıdır. A) Darwinism upholds the view that every organism always strives to reproduce so long as it is possible.



B) Leibniz, who lived some 250 years before the introduction of the computer programme, was in fact fully familiar with the idea of modern algorithmic information.



B) According to Darwinism, frequent reproduction is what every organism has as a major aim. C) As one infers from Darwinism, for every organism, the essential goal is to reproduce so far as possible.



C) It was just 250 years before the development of the computer programme that Leibniz lived and put forward the modern idea of algorithmic information.



D) According to Darwinism, it is the basic goal of every organism to reproduce as often as possible.



D) Living 250 years before the launching of the computer programme, Leibniz had a notion of modern algorithmic information.



E) With reference to Darwinism, it is to be stated that reproduction is what every organism has as its ultimate aim.



E) Even though the computer programme was invented 250 years after Leibniz, he was actually aware of the idea underlying modern algorithmic information.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



6



A ÜDS İNG. FEN BİL. / MART 2008 44. Only a few large meteorites have struck the earth. The largest we know about fell in Arizona and made what is now called Meteor Crater, a hole about a mile across and 600 feet deep. ----. Other big meteorites fell in ancient times, in Texas, in Argentina, in northern Siberia and in Greenland.



42. – 46. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz. 42. Carbon nanotubes have been hailed as a semiconducting wonder ingredient that will make materials stronger. ----. Moreover, their ability to act as filters might one day be exploited to build artificial livers.



A) When a meteor reaches the earth, it is called a meteorite B) This big meteorite may have fallen as much as twenty-five thousand years ago



A) In the molecules of a polar liquid, some atoms are slightly positively charged while others carry a balancing negative charge



C) The amazing thing about these meteor showers is that they come year after year



B) Some experts in nanotube chemistry have published extensively



D) Most meteors are small, probably a few inches in diameter



C) Accordingly, it is possible to make nanotubes generate electricity



E) The most remarkable meteor shower was seen in Connecticut on the night of November 12, 1833



D) Thus, their importance has been greatly overrated E) In addition, they will help miniaturize electronics systems



45. Although a soccer ball can be put together in many ways, there is one design so ubiquitous that it has become iconic. This standard soccer ball is glued together from 32 polygons, 12 of them five-sided and 20 six-sided, arranged in such a way that every pentagon (five-sided) is surrounded by hexagons (six-sided). ----. This colour scheme was introduced for the World Cup in 1970 to enhance the visibility of the ball on television, although the design itself is older.



43. Locomotion can be considered to be a flow of mass from one location to another. ----. They seek and find paths and rhythms that allow them to move their mass the greatest distance per expenditure of useful energy while minimizing thermodynamic imperfections such as friction. A) All of these designs allow for the maximum transfer of material with the least amount of resistance



A) 12 pentagons and 20 hexagons form a figure known to mathematicians as a “truncated icosahedron”



B) A flow is an equilibrium of areas with high and low resistivities



B) To a mathematician, the iconic black and white soccer ball is an intriguing puzzle



C) Animals move on the surface of Earth in the same way as rivers, winds and oceanic currents



C) A number of questions can be tackled about the arrangement of pentagons and hexagons using the language of mathematics



D) A river basin configures and reconfigures itself so that the water is discharged with the least resistance through the mouth of the river



D) The usual way to colour such a ball is to paint the pentagons black and the hexagons white



E) One of the basic goals of any design – whether it’s an animal or a machine – is to get maximum output for minimum energy



E) Every soccer ball contains at least 12 pentagons, but may well contain more



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



7



A ÜDS İNG. FEN BİL. / MART 2008 46. This year researchers from some 60 nations are participating in the International Polar Year, an intensive burst of interdisciplinary research focusing on the polar regions. ----. For instance, water from the melting ice sheet is flowing into the North Atlantic much faster than scientists had previously thought possible.



48. Ken : - Do you know? I’m really getting very interested in the movement of glaciers. Sherrie : - What have you learned now? Ken : - ----



A) Greenland, especially, has become a kind of barometer for the rest of the world because of its sensitivity to climate changes



Sherrie : - That’s right; the ice moves out to the sides because of the greater weight and pressure at the centre.



B) Climatologists have found that the best places to study global warming are the coldest regions on Earth



A) That when glaciers move, they don’t only move straight downhill.



C) Thus far, the data the researchers have seen has been alarming



B) Well, some glaciers flow into the sea, but others end on land.



D) A glacier that accelerates with a warming atmosphere is within the realm of scientific expectation



C) Glaciers store about 75% of the world’s freshwater.



E) Arctic climatologist Konrad Steffen has spent 18 consecutive springs on the Greenland ice cap, personally building and installing the weather stations



D) I found out that where an ice sheet flows into the ocean and floats, it forms an ice shelf. E) Ice sheets flowing over land usually form piles of rocks and dirt at their ending points.



49. Michelle : - It says in this article that Jupiter’s moon Europa has relatively few craters on it – only one or two significant ones.



47. – 51. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz.



Kathy : - I wonder why it has so few, when some of Jupiter’s other moons and our own moon have so many.



47. Angela : - How was your visit to Crater Lake National Park last summer?



Michelle : - ----



Sharon : - It was wonderful. The lake is very beautiful, with a clear, deep-blue colour. And I learned something new about it: it’s a closed basin lake.



Kathy : - Oh, yes, I’ve read about that. It has to do with tides changing the surface features, doesn’t it?



Angela : - ----



A) The article says that it would be surprising if the tides weren’t still active.



Sharon : - Well, there are no permanent streams that enter or exit the lake.



B) Scientists think that the surface has been completely re-made in the cosmically recent past.



A) I plan to visit the lake this summer.



C) The continously changing surface would create organisms, if there are any, that could adapt easily to the changes.



B) How did you learn that? C) You’re very informed, aren’t you?



D) Since there are many tiny bodies in the outer solar system, they would normally have hit Europa, forming craters.



D) What does that mean? E) How many visitors are allowed into the park each year?



E) The weak ice on Europa’s surface cannot support high mountains. Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



8



A ÜDS İNG. FEN BİL. / MART 2008 50. Ann : - Did you know that the use of graph paper for plotting functions and data was first made common by Professor John Perry, when he was still an assistant of the famous physicist Lord Kelvin?



52. – 56. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. 52. (I) In science fiction, the worst threats to space travellers are large ones: asteroids, ravenous creatures, and imperial battle cruisers. (II) The journey time from Earth to Mars could be reduced from six months to less than six weeks. (III) In reality, though, the scariest menaces for humans in space are the tiniest: fast-moving elementary particles known as cosmic rays. (IV) On a long journey, these would give astronauts a dose of radiation serious enough to cause cancer. (V) Unlike most of the other challenges of venturing into deep space, which engineers should be able to solve, cosmic rays pose irreducible risks.



Jane : - No, I didn’t. How did he make it available to the public? Ann : - ---Jane : - Well, that’s really something. A) He was a tireless educator in engineering and mathematics.



A) I



B) He challenged Lord Kelvin’s hypothesis about the temperature of the Earth.



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



C) Perry came up with the idea that heat moved more easily deep inside the Earth than it does close to the surface. D) Perry insisted that mathematics was basic to all the sciences.



53. (I) A dramatic cut in the cost of a super-efficient new breed of solar cell could put domestic solar power on a more economic footing. (II) The cells, which helped take NASA’s electric-powered aircraft Helios to record altitudes, have until now been too expensive. (III) But their manufacturer has found a way to make them as much as 20 times cheaper. (IV) The cells convert light energy into electricity with an efficiency of 20 per cent – which means they generate one-third more electrical power than conventional silicon solar cells. (V) NASA’s electrically powered plane Helios soared to altitudes above 96,000 feet (29 kilometres) – a world record for a winged plane not powered by a rocket engine.



E) Simply, it was because of him that the price of graph paper became affordable for everybody.



51. Peter : - It seems that higher sea-surface temperatures could give rise to ever larger and more frequent hurricanes. Frank : - ----



A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



Peter : - True. What do you think is going to happen? Frank : - Let’s just wait and see! A) At present, it is all pure speculation. Let’s change the subject.



54. (I) Our knowledge of cell structure took a giant leap forward as biologists began using the electron microscope in the 1950s. (II) Instead of light, the electron microscope (EM) uses a beam of electrons. (III) Actually, specimens should have been cut into extremely thin sections and stained with atoms of heavy metals such as gold. (IV) The EM has a much greater resolution than the light microscope. (V) Under special conditions, the most powerful EMs can detect individual atoms.



B) Why have you become so interested in global warming? C) But which parts of the globe would be affected? D) Yes; I’m familiar with that theory. But there are opposing theories too. E) Hurricanes will certainly increase in number and severity.



A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



9



A ÜDS İNG. FEN BİL. / MART 2008 th



55. (I) Early in the 20 century, oranges and grapefruits were ripened for market in sheds equipped with kerosene stoves. (II) Before leaves fall, many of their essential elements are stored in the stem. (III) Fruit growers thought it was the heat that ripened the fruit, but when they tried newer, cleaner-burning stoves, the fruit did not ripen fast enough. (IV) Plant biologists learned later that ripening in the sheds was actually due to ethylene, a gaseous by-product of kerosene combustion. (V) We now know that plants produce their own ethylene, which functions as a hormone that triggers a variety of aging responses, including fruit ripening and programmed cell death. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



56. (I) Since the terrorist attacks on 11 September 2001, anti-aircraft missile batteries have been installed to protect buildings in US cities. (II) However, less drastic solutions have also been suggested. (III) No software simulation is going to be sufficient to convince any pilot about the new avionics systems. (IV) An aerospace company, for instance, has proposed installing the electronics from its pilotless plane in passenger aircraft to allow ground control to take over a hijacked plane and land it remotely. (V) Others say automatic landing systems could steer planes to safety without human intervention. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



57. – 60. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. There were many heated debates in the nineteenth century about the relationship between chemical reactions and living organisms. Some scientists felt that fermentation was an activity of living things and, therefore, could not take place outside of living cells. This was proved by the work Louis Pasteur undertook for the French wine industry. Indeed, in the 1850s, the French wine industry was having serious trouble with wine that had spoiled. The French emperor, Napoleon III, called in Pasteur to help. Pasteur knew that the fermentation which produced wine was caused by living yeast cells. But now he found that certain bacteria could also carry out fermentation. He discovered that fermentation by bacteria spoils wine because it produces vinegar (acetic acid) instead of the alcohol produced by yeast. Pasteur suggested that the winemakers heat the wine for a short time to destroy the bacteria. They were horrified, but it worked. The process, pasteurization, is still used today, especially for milk.



57. It is clear from the passage that the fundamental principle of pasteurization, especially as practised in the milk industry today, ----. A) aroused a fierce controversy among the French scientists of the nineteenth century B) was already known in France before the time of Pasteur C) was given a full scientific explanation by scientists working for Napoleon III D) was discovered only after a long period of experimentation by French winemakers E) is the destruction, by heating, of the bacteria which cause fermentation



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



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A ÜDS İNG. FEN BİL. / MART 2008 60. As pointed out in the passage, the idea that ----.



58. One understands from the passage that, in the nineteenth century, ----.



A) bacteria spoiled wine was accepted among the French scientists of the nineteenth century, but it was Pasteur whom Napoleon III appointed to improve wine-making in the country



A) a major controversy among scientists concerned whether living organisms played any role in chemical reactions B) Napoleon III was seriously interested in scientific matters and favoured Pasteur more than any other scientist C) French winemakers had so much trust in Pasteur’s work on bacteria that they fully followed his instructions for the process of pasteurization



B) bacteria in wine could best be destroyed through a prolonged process of heating was commonplace among nineteenth-century French winemakers C) pasteurization prevented milk from spoiling quickly spread outside France in the nineteenth century and has never since been challenged by scientists



D) French scientists especially focused on fermentation, since the wine industry was of vital importance for France



D) fermentation by bacteria spoils wine is no longer current, since various new methods have been developed for better wine-making



E) the French wine industry was remarkably advanced since it made use of various innovations and scientific discoveries



E) fermentation was caused by a chemical reaction in living cells wasn’t accepted by many scientists until well into the nineteenth century



59. According to the passage, Pasteur discovered that ----. A) most French winemakers were far more skilled at producing vinegar than wine B) the problem French winemakers faced needed to be dealt with immediately C) most scientists of his time knew little about the variety of chemical reactions taking place in living organisms but they were prepared to debate about them D) what really spoiled wine was not fermentation brought about by living yeast cells but that caused by bacterial activity E) not only the French wine industry but also its milk industry could be greatly improved through the use of pasteurization



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



11



A ÜDS İNG. FEN BİL. / MART 2008 62. It is clear from the passage that fossils ----.



61. – 64. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) greatly fascinated prehistoric peoples, who revered them as sacred



Fossils are the remains of organisms which have endured for fantastic periods of time. Fossils can be bones or teeth or even plant or animal imprints preserved in rock since prehistoric times. The appearance of fossils in rock has been a source of wonder and fascination to man for centuries. The fossil of an ancient sea animal was even found among the possessions of a prehistoric man. Many people have tried to explain fossils. Aristotle believed they were the remains of living creatures, but thought the creatures grew in the rocks. Some people believed that fossils were placed in rocks by evil spirits. Other explanations were remarkably modern. For example, Herodotus, an ancient Greek historian, observed fossil seashells in the Libyan desert in 450 B.C. and guessed that the Mediterranean Sea had once reached much farther south than it does today.



B) are always found in rocks as bones or teeth C) date back to very early prehistoric times D) were not as serious a concern for Aristotle as they were for others E) were regarded by prehistoric man as evil spirits preserved in rocks



63. According to the passage, Herodotus speculated that the Libyan desert, ----. A) which was rich in the remains of various organisms, had been the original home of prehistoric man B) which was vast and dry, had been flooded on several occasions in the past by the Mediterranean Sea C) through which he often travelled, had in the past made up a major part of the Mediterranean Sea



61. It is clear from the passage that ----. A) throughout history, there have been many different views and explanations as regards the nature and cause of fossils



D) where he saw fossil seashells, had once been covered by the Mediterranean Sea



B) it is only in modern times that there has been any serious interest in fossils



E) where there were plant and animal imprints in rocks, had no connection whatsoever with the Mediterranean Sea



C) human interest in fossils has only been aroused through the fascinating explanations and discoveries made by modern science D) Herodotus travelled extensively in the Mediterranean world and was particularly attracted by the geography of Libya



64. It is pointed out in the passage that ----. A) Aristotle was particularly interested in the fossils found in rocks



E) the study of fossils by modern scientists has mostly focused on the preserved imprints of plants and animals in rocks



B) there are many different kinds of fossils C) the earliest kinds of fossils were those of sea plants and seashells D) Herodotus and Aristotle were the earliest pioneers of fossil studies E) the very first discovery of fossils was in the Libyan desert



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



12



A ÜDS İNG. FEN BİL. / MART 2008 66. According to the passage, what is called a “population” in biology ----.



65. – 68. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. A population is a group of individual organisms of the same kind that are limited to some particular space. The most familiar example is the human population, but there are also populations of animals and plants everywhere on Earth. In fact, scientists regard a population as a biological unit that has both structure and function. The parts of a population are its individual members. The functions of a population are similar to those of other biological units: growth, development, and self-maintenance in a changing environment. Individuals enter a population by birth and by moving in, that is, by immigration. Individuals leave a population by death and by moving out, that is, by emigration. If the environment of a population remains the same, loss and replacement of members are in balance. The population will be able to survive in that particular environment. If the environment changes, however, loss or addition of members increases or decreases the size of the population.



A) can be defined as any group of organisms that is not subject to loss and replacement B) is a biological unit that has only the function of growth C) is a group of animals and plants that can survive all kinds of environmental changes D) solely refers to any human group that lives in a specific region on Earth E) is a unit that consists of the same kind of individual organisms living in a particular area



67. It is clear from the passage that, so long as a population lives in a constant environment, ----. A) the growth, development, and self-maintenance of its members can be fully controlled B) its size remains more or less stable C) it usually undergoes a rapid structural change, which considerably affects its size D) the replacement of its members is relatively slow, compared with other populations in different environments E) its survival becomes difficult owing to the uncontrollable increase in its size



65. It is pointed out in the passage that the changes that occur in the environment of a population ----. A) have an impact, negative or positive, on the members of that population



68. As it is indicated in the passage, if the addition of new members to a population exceeds loss, ----.



B) speed up the process of replacement of the members of the population



A) this can have a restrictive effect on emigrations from the population



C) always contribute greatly to the survival of all the members of that population



B) this has no effect whatsoever on the environment in which the population lives



D) are mostly caused by the uncontrollable size of that population



C) the survival of the population can be maintained in a balanced way



E) can be reduced through an increase in the size of the population



D) the size of the population shows a growing pattern E) new measures must be introduced to prevent environmental changes



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



13



A ÜDS İNG. FEN BİL. / MART 2008 70. As is pointed out in the passage, Pluto ----.



69. – 72. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) is on the outer edge of the solar system



Pluto, which was until recently regarded as the outermost and smallest planet in the solar system, has never been visited by an exploring spacecraft. So little is known about it that it is difficult to classify. Its distance from Earth is so great that the Hubble Space Telescope cannot reveal its surface features. Appropriately named for the Roman god of the underworld, it must be frozen, dark, and dead. Its mean distance from the Sun is 5,900 million kilometres. In fact, it has the most eccentric orbit in the solar system, bringing it at times closer to the Sun than Neptune. Furthermore, there is evidence that Pluto has an atmosphere, containing methane, and a polar ice cap that increases and decreases in size with Pluto’s seasons. It is not known to have water. The Hubble Space Telescope’s faint-object camera revealed light and dark regions on Pluto, indicating an ice cap at the north pole. It is not known if there is an ice cap at Pluto’s south pole.



B) has extensive ice caps at both its poles C) was a major god in antiquity, worshipped by the Romans as well as by other peoples D) and Neptune seem to have similar orbits that bring them closer to the Sun E) looks so dark that nothing whatsoever can be observed on it



69. According to the passage, Pluto’s orbit around the Sun ----. A) takes so long that each of its seasons has a long period B) has not yet been described accurately C) brings it, on occasion, closer than Neptune to the Sun D) follows a pattern which is uniform and stable E) has been studied again and again through the Hubble Space Telescope



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



14



A ÜDS İNG. FEN BİL. / MART 2008 72. As is stated in the passage, from the data provided by the Hubble Space Telescope about Pluto ----.



71. It is stated in the passage that, since Pluto is so far away from Earth, ----. A) its regions and poles can best be studied through a powerful telescope



A) some scientists have suggested that its exploration ought to be started soon



B) almost nothing is known about even its exterior



B) one can conclude that it has a climate which is stable and temperate



C) the density of the methane in its atmosphere cannot be measured



C) it has a dull surface with absolutely no variety



D) the Hubble Space Telescope clearly shows how completely frozen its surface is



D) it is understood that there is an ice cap on its north pole



E) only some minor explorations have so far been made by means of a spacecraft



E) one becomes aware of the fact that every planet in the solar system has a similar cycle of seasons



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



15



A ÜDS İNG. FEN BİL. / MART 2008 74. According to the passage, the water resources of the world ----.



73. – 76. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) are largely confined to the Indus and the Nile Today the world faces a growing crisis over the management of its great rivers. In recent years, most of the great rivers in the world, such as the Yellow River in China, the Indus, the Colorado, and the Nile, have all periodically run empty because mankind has used their every last drop. Indeed, there is a huge unmet demand in the world for water. More than a billion people have no access to clean drinking water, and while it is hoped that this figure will be halved by 2015, nobody is sure where the water will come from. With today’s trends, one-third of the world population will be seriously short of water by 2025. Politicians in China, India, Pakistan, Egypt and other waterstressed countries want their water engineers to find solutions – and fast.



B) have been increased through the solutions proposed by water engineers, and so the need for clean drinking water will be met well before 2015 C) are so limited that it is doubtful whether the number of people with no access to clean drinking water can be halved, as hoped, by 2015 D) have become a major concern among politicians in many countries and, therefore, new policies have been proposed for an efficient management of the great rivers E) need to be upgraded by 2025 in order to catch up with the growth rate of the world population



73. In the passage, there is a clear warning that, ----. A) sooner or later, water shortages could lead to serious political crises in China and other countries B) despite the solutions proposed by water engineers, the people of China, India, Pakistan, and Egypt will soon face a serious shortage of water C) unless more precautions are taken, more than a billion people will have almost no access to water in the near future D) so long as politicians remain indifferent to the growing water crisis in the world, most countries will be unable to provide clean drinking water for their people E) by the end of the first quarter of this century, there will be a severe water shortage affecting one-third of the world population



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



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A ÜDS İNG. FEN BİL. / MART 2008 76. One concludes from the passage that efficient management of the water resources of the world is essential ----.



75. As can be understood from the passage, the fact that even some great rivers have from time to time run dry due to the overuse of their capacity ----.



A) if the growing worldwide demand for water is to be met adequately



A) demonstrates how the growth of the populations in some countries has had an adverse effect on the water resources



B) and the waters of the Nile and the Indus, in particular, must not be used so wastefully



B) shows how irresponsible the water engineers of most countries have been



C) since China and India, with their large populations, are heading for a serious shortage of water well before 2015



C) signifies that there must be a national water authority in each country for the preservation of the water resources



D) as one-third of the population in China is unable to get clean drinking water



D) makes it urgent for water engineers to discover new water resources in the southwestern US



E) in order to maintain political stability in the countries most affected by an acute shortage of drinking water



E) is a clear indication of how urgent the demand for water is in the world today



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



17



A ÜDS İNG. FEN BİL. / MART 2008 79. According to the passage, when the top layers of the ice sheet melt, ----.



77. – 80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) the ice mass ceases to slide towards the ocean The huge ice sheet covering Greenland, which is the world’s largest island, provides a habitat for many arctic species and holds nearly 8 per cent of the world’s freshwater. It is, on average, 5,000 feet thick and is constantly being replaced as snow falls each winter. Over the course of centuries, the snow compacts into ice, which slides towards the ocean. In recent years, higher atmospheric concentrations of heat-trapping gases have accelerated that process. As temperatures rise, the top layers melt, giving way to darker, heat-absorbing ice and liquid water. The meltwater seeps down to the rock below, lubricating the ice mass and speeding its slide into the sea.



B) water seeps down to the rocks below aiding the ice mass to slide into the sea C) it has an adverse effect on various arctic species D) the rock under the ice mass is fully exposed E) there is a noticeable increase in the volume of liquid water



77. As one can see, the passage ----. A) focuses on the importance of Greenland as a major source of the world’s freshwater B) is mainly concerned with the geographical features of Greenland’s surface and highlights its natural beauty C) deals in detail with the causes of global warming and its effects on the arctic species in Greenland D) explains how global warming is having an environmental impact on Greenland’s ice mass



80. As pointed out in the passage, Greenland, with its 5,000-foot-thick ice sheet, ----. A) is so affected by the atmospheric concentrations of heat-trapping gases that the amount of the meltwater on the island has risen to a dangerous level B) has lost much of its freshwater capacity due to the process of extensive melting which has been going on for centuries



E) extensively describes the process whereby the ice mass of Greenland has formed over the course of centuries



C) will soon lose its ice mass, since the amount of snowfall on the island each winter has dropped dramatically over the course of the last few centuries D) not only accommodates different kinds of arctic species but also preserves a significant amount of the world’s freshwater



78. It is pointed out in the passage that the slide into the ocean of the ice mass in Greenland ----.



E) can no longer provide a habitat for some arctic species that have lived on the island over the course of many centuries



A) has caused much damage to a wide range of arctic species and their habitat B) can be prevented completely so long as temperatures are stable C) is of vital importance because, through this process, the world’s freshwater capacity is increased D) has only been observed in recent years, but environmentally, this phenomenon is of no significance



TEST BİTTİ. CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.



E) has been faster than usual in recent years as a result of global warming



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



18



A İNGİLİZCE ÜDS İNG FEN BİL. / EKİM 2008 4. Twenty-five per cent of excess nitrogen from overfertilization of fields ---- into the oceans via rivers.



1. – 18. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



A) brings 1. Europe’s deep-ocean margin, stretching from the Arctic to the Mediterranean and to the Black Sea, contains an ---- of biological energy and mineral resources. A) extension



B) influence



C) abundance



D) element



B) carries D) expels



C) swims



E) flows



5. The SOS (Space Observatories in School) programme was ---- to make young people more aware of opportunities to study the fundamental sciences, especially those related to the universe.



E) assumption



A) thought over



B) built in



C) made up



D) set up E) found out



2. Cloud seeding, a technique which attempts to make precipitation by dispersing silver iodide particles into clouds, remains ---- because it is quite difficult to prove whether it actually works. A) valuable



B) confidential



C) essential



D) fascinating



6. Ever since the sixteenth century, when Central America first appeared on European maps, schemes have been ---- to build canals there.



E) controversial



A) set off



B) put forward



C) run down



D) taken up E) sent off



7. Scientists predict that should the current rate of deforestation in the rainforests ----, a great many of the species they support ---- completely by the turn of the 22nd century.



3. Some frozen areas of Greenland have always melted each summer, but recent research has shown that the extent of snowmelt in Greenland increased ---- between 1992 and 2005. A) vaguely



B) roughly



A) continue / will have disappeared



C) scarcely



D) drastically



B) is continued / will disappear C) was continued / would disappear



E) marginally



D) had continued / would have disappeared E) will continue / would have disappeared



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



1



A ÜDS İNG FEN BİL. / EKİM 2008 11. If all of the Arctic ice ----, global sea levels ---- by 23 feet, submerging most coastal areas.



8. Cosmologists believe that equal amounts of matter and antimatter ---- in the early universe, but since matter and antimatter annihilate each other, something ---- to create an excess of matter, leading to the universe we see today.



A) melted / will rise B) is to melt / are rising



A) are created / happened



C) were to melt / could rise



B) have been created / had happened



D) will melt / rise



C) had been created / has happened



E)



had melted / rose



D) may have been created / must have happened E) would be created / has been happening



12. We need to worry ---- the effects of fossil-fuel carbon dioxide ---- the atmosphere. A) onto / below



B) on / by



C) for / at



D) about / in E) towards / on



9. Since 1997, when the spacecraft ‘‘The Mars Global Surveyor’’ ---- over the surface of Mars for the first time, scientists ---- by the considerable magnetic anomalies identified on the planet. A) has flown / are intrigued B)



13. There’s a broad range of opinions ---- the biological consequences of being exposed ---the contaminated environment near Chernobyl.



flies / were intrigued



C) had flown / had been intrigued D) was flying / may have been intrigued



A) for / of



B) in / with



C) on / to



D) about / at



E) flew / have been intrigued



E) through / from



10. In 1998, 16 per cent of the world’s coral reefs ---by bleaching caused by El Nino, but half of those reefs ---- signs of recovery, especially in protected areas where it is illegal to harvest coral.



14. Recently, researchers have found that ---- certain genes remain activated long enough, they can dramatically enhance an organism’s health and extend its life span.



A) have been killed / showed



A) even if



B) were killed / are showing



B) while D) if



C) in case E) although



C) had been killed / would have shown D) have been killed / show E) could be killed / had shown



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



2



A ÜDS İNG FEN BİL. / EKİM 2008 15. Tourists gathered to admire the mushroom clouds during nuclear tests in Nevada between 1951 and 1963 ---- at the time there was complete ignorance of the dangers of radioactive fallout. A) since



B) so as to D) so that



19. – 23. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



C) when



Although radon causes many deaths, it is clear that a lot of them are preventable. Radon tests are cheap, and when the gas (19) ----, diverting it from buildings is (20) ---- a simple matter of fitting vents, fans or membranes. (21) ---- in people’s homes, rates of testing and remediation have been slow-moving. And (22) ---- it comes to workplaces, the dangers (23) ---radon are barely recognized.



E) unless



16. Genetic engineering is primarily considered a field of applied microbiology, ----, the exploitation of microorganisms for a specific product or use.



19. A) was found



A) but rather



B) as such



C) and then



D) for example



B) is found



D) finds



C) will find



E) found



E) that is



20. A) hardly



B) ever D) usually



17. A laptop maker recently released a model that lets users change the processor, graphics card and other parts by just removing one panel, ---spending hours disassembling the computer. A) due to



B) on behalf of



C) instead of



D) with regard to



C) never E) finally



21. A) Though



B) Also D) If



C) Just E) Yet



E) in order to



22. A) while



B) when D) since



C) until E) after



18. Wetlands filter out excess nutrients and pollutants by trapping them in roots and soil, ---plants and bacteria break them down into less harmful substances. A) where



B) which D) how



23.



C) wherever



A) within



E) whether



B) at D) on



C) in E) of



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



3



A ÜDS İNG FEN BİL. / EKİM 2008 27. ----, but let’s not forget where we live now – that is, our own planet.



24. – 35. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.



A) We have almost completely focused on space exploration



24. Although the evolutionary origin of animals is unclear, ----. A) scientists are no longer working on new theories



B) As scientists, we are able to monitor and predict environmental threats



B) evolutionary biologists have abandoned traditional views about it



C) Satellite images help researchers track hurricanes and glacial melting



C) the cells that make up the animal body are specialized to perform specific functions



D) Scientists pose intricate questions about the land, sky and oceans



D) biologists have gathered enough evidence to put forward a new theory about it



E) Scientists make precise predictions about climatic changes



E) much of the vegetation on land is similar to that found in the water 28. As investigators learn more about what is happening in the brain during the exact moment of insight, ----. 25. ---- if Gregor Mendel had never lived?



A) physicians are placing their hopes on stem cells, which have reversed some symptoms in monkeys



A) Is it possible to compare the science of genetics to mathematics in that it consists of some basic principles



B) one aspect of mental imagery has been more or less neglected



B) Can the basic rules of genetic inheritance in human beings be fully discovered



C) the primary visual cortex seemed to be activated during the process of imagination



C) Are geneticists interested in the study of the transmission of genes



D) people are able to attribute new meanings to objects in their inner eye



D) Will our understanding of the relationship between an organism’s genes and its characteristics be more advanced



E) all of us want to know what we can do to maximize the conditions that allow us to have brilliant thoughts



E) Would the development of the science of genetics in the 20th century have been any different



29. ---- because its ice sheet exerts a tremendous influence on many ecological cycles. 26. ---- that large amounts of Greenland’s melted freshwater could dilute the salinated water of the Gulf Stream.



A) We probably have more information on nearby planets than we do on Greenland



A) With regard to the new data, it has been questioned



B) The climatic change on Greenland is an indicator of things to come in the rest of the world



B) A team of ecologists from Norway have wondered



C) What happens on Greenland over the next decade does not worry scientists



C) An increasing number of scientists from around the world believe



D) The average temperature on Greenland has been steady in recent years



D) In view of new evidence, one is puzzled



E) Less than one per cent of all the water on Earth is drinkable and not locked up in ice



E) Despite a great deal of reliable evidence, most environmentalists will not be certain Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



4



A ÜDS İNG FEN BİL. / EKİM 2008 33. By the end of the year, the NASA scientists should know for certain ----.



30. Scientists worry ----. A) so that NASA may develop ways to shield astronauts from radiation on Mars



A) where the colourful images of Mars’ south pole give indications of water



B) just as exposure to radiation is a serious danger for manned spaceflight



B) whether there is water on Mars in the form of ice



C) unless serious measures are taken to prevent fire on a space shuttle



C) even though water once flowed over the surface of Mars



D) that high-energy cosmic rays could cause much damage to space shuttles



D) as life, similar to our own on Earth, could have existed on Mars



E) provided that monitoring systems are placed throughout a spacecraft



E) because the surface of Mars could only have been formed by flowing water



34. Future computers will be able to tell us ----.



31. ----, it rode aboard the massive Saturn V rocket. A) Even if the scientists at NASA were concerned about the quality of the spacecraft Apollo 11



A) even if the universe consists mostly of dark matter and dark energy



B) Since the spacecraft Apollo 11 had been designed by a special team of engineers



B) unless we produce more work for less effort C) so far as human beings can find new sources of food



C) Whether the spacecraft Apollo 11 was to be used for lunar missions



D) while landmines in war zones will be detected



D) Although a lot of money was spent for the development of the spacecraft Apollo 11



E) how we can improve our performance at work



E) When the spacecraft Apollo 11 went to the Moon in 1969



35. ----, one cannot notice right away that it is moving.



32. Sulphur dioxide emissions in Europe, ----, were reduced by 67% between 1980 and 2000.



A) While an iceberg is simply a chunk of ice



A) which contribute to Arctic haze



B) When glacier ice reaches the sea



B) as environmental pollution has adverse effects on our life



C) Since a glacier creeps downhill at a few metres a year



C) because there have been serious attempts so far



D) If glacier ice is not static



D) if the melting of the Arctic ice can be prevented



E) Before a glacier forms from accumulated snowfall



E) since pollution from industry and forest fires has become a major concern



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



5



A ÜDS İNG FEN BİL. / EKİM 2008 38. By stimulating dead brain tissue, neuroscientists have concluded that a specific receptor found in the outer layer of neurons functions differently in schizophrenic brains.



36. – 38. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz. 36. The change in temperature distribution in the Arctic would also affect ocean currents in the Atlantic, which would, in turn, influence atmospheric circulation in the region.



A) Ölü beyin dokularını uyaran sinirbilimciler, şizofren hastalarda sinirlerin dış katmanındaki bir tür reseptörün daha farklı işlev gösterdiğini ortaya koymuşlardır.



A) Kuzey kutup dairesindeki sıcaklık değişimi Atlantik okyanusunda akıntıları da etkileyeceği için bölgede atmosfer dönüşümü de değişecektir.



B) Sinirbilimcilerin ölü beyin dokularını uyarmaları, şizofrenlilerin beyinlerinde bulunan özel bir reseptörün sinirlerin dış katmanında farklı işlevler gösterdiğini kanıtlamıştır.



B) Kuzey kutbunda sıcaklık dağılımının değişmesi sonucu, Atlantik’teki okyanus akıntıları da buna karşılık bölgedeki hava dolaşımını etkileyecektir.



C) Sinirbilimciler, ölü beyin dokularının uyarılması durumunda, sinirlerin dış katmanında bulunan özel bir reseptörün şizofren hastaların beyinlerinde farklı tepkilere neden olduğunu anlamışlardır.



C) Kutuplarda sıcaklık değişiminin dağılımı Atlantik’te de okyanus akıntıları üzerinde etki gösterecek, buna bağlı olarak, bölgedeki atmosfer basıncı da etkilenecektir. D) Sıcaklık dağılımının kutuplardaki değişimi Atlantik’te okyanus akıntılarına da yansıyacak, bu da bölgenin hava dolaşımı üzerinde etkili olacaktır.



D) Ölü beyin dokularını uyararak, sinirbilimciler sinirlerin dış katmanında bulunan belirli bir reseptörün şizofrenik beyinlerde farklı biçimde işlev gösterdiği sonucuna varmışlardır.



E) Kuzey kutup bölgesinde sıcaklık dağılımındaki değişme Atlantik’teki okyanus akıntılarını da etkileyecek, dolayısıyla, bu durum bölgedeki hava dolaşımını etkileyecektir.



E) Sinirbilimcilerin elde ettiği sonuçlara göre, ölü beyin dokularının uyarılması yüzünden, sinirlerin dış katmanında yer alan belirli bir reseptör şizofren hasta beyinlerinde daha farklı çalışmaktadır.



37. Breaking the hypersonic barrier of 6,000 km/h for commercial air transport is a very serious research field for today’s European aircraft manufacturers. A) Günümüzde, Avrupalı hava taşıtı üreticilerinin çok ciddi bir araştırma alanı da, ticari hava taşımacılığında 6.000 km/s lik hiper ses hızı sınırını aşabilmektir. B) Ticari hava taşımacılığı için, günümüzde Avrupalı hava taşıtı üreticilerinin çok ciddi bir araştırma alanı 6.000 km/s lik hiper ses hızı sınırının aşılması konusudur. C) Ticari hava taşımacılığındaki 6.000 km/s lik hiper ses hızı sınırını aşmak, günümüz Avrupalı hava taşıtı üreticileri için çok ciddi bir araştırma alanıdır. D) 6.000 km/s lik hiper ses hızı sınırını aşmak, günümüzde Avrupalı hava taşıtı üreticilerinin ticari taşımacılıkta çok ciddi bir araştırma alanı haline gelmiştir. E) Ticari hava taşımacılığı için 6.000 km/s lik hiper ses hızı sınırını aşmak, günümüzde Avrupalı hava taşıtı üreticileri için çok ciddi bir araştırma alanı olarak görülmektedir.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



6



A ÜDS İNG FEN BİL. / EKİM 2008 41. Dil teknolojilerinin en büyük ilerleme gösterdiği uygulama alanlarından biri ses komutuyla çalışan ev aletleri alanıdır.



39. – 41. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz.



A) Voice command operated domestic appliances constitute the field of application in which language technology is progressing the fastest.



39. Tek bir türün yok olması çok etkili değildir ama bir ikinci, üçüncü veya daha fazla sayıda tür yok olduğunda ekosistemin tutarlılığı tehdit altına girer.



B) One of the fields of application in which language technology is progressing the most is that of domestic appliances operated by voice command.



A) The disappearance of a single species is not dramatic but when a second, third, or greater number of species becomes extinct, the stability of the ecosystem is threatened.



C) One of the newest and most exciting fields of application for language technology is that of domestic appliances operated by voice command.



B) The stability of an ecosystem is not threatened by the disappearance of a single species but with the extinction of a second or third species, the risk becomes dramatic.



D) Domestic appliances which are operated by voice command are an interesting, if not new, application of language technology.



C) Not only is the disappearance of a single species dramatic but the extinction of a second, third, or greater number of species also threatens the stability of the ecosystem.



E) Language technology’s most profitable and promising field of application is surely domestic appliances operated by voice command.



D) While the disappearance of a single species may not be dramatic, when a second, third, or greater number of species becomes extinct it may threaten the stability of the ecosystem. E) When a single species disappears, there is no cause for alarm; however, with the extinction of a second, third, or greater number of species, the very stability of the ecosystem is threatened.



40. 2006 yazında Mars’ın atmosferinde oluşan bulutlar, ilk defa olarak beklenmeyen bir yükseklikte sıcaklığın -193°C olduğu 80-100 km arasında gözlemlendi. A) At an unexpected height of 80 to 100 km and a temperature of -193°C, cloud formations were observed in the atmosphere of Mars for the first time in the summer of 2006. B) Scientists observed clouds in the atmosphere of Mars for the first time in the summer of 2006, at the unusual height of between 80 and 100 km, where the temperature is -193°C. C) For the first time in the summer of 2006, clouds were observed forming in the atmosphere of Mars at an extreme height between 80 and 100 km with a temperature of -193°C. D) In the summer of 2006, clouds forming in the atmosphere of Mars were observed for the first time at an unexpected height between 80 and 100 km, where the temperature was -193°C. E) Clouds were observed forming in the atmosphere of Mars for the first time since the summer of 2006 at an unusual height between 80 and 100 km, where the temperature is -193°C. Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



7



A ÜDS İNG FEN BİL. / EKİM 2008 43. In 1815, on the Indonesian island of Sumbawa, Mount Tambora blew up in the largest volcanic eruption in recorded history, ejecting 20 times the amount of rock that flew from Vesuvius in 79 A.D. Superhot ash and rock burned or buried all in its path, including the tiny kingdom of Tambora. The death toll was 92,000. Wind-blown clouds from the 27-mile-high plume of ash dimmed the Sun’s rays. ----. After the eruption, Sumbawa was largely uninhabited for decades.



42. – 46. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz. 42. Is there such a thing as a “gay brain”? ----. Gay men tended to have brains that were more like those of straight women than of straight men – the right and left sides were about the same size, the researchers found. Gay women's brains tended to be more like those of straight men than of straight women – the right side tended to be slightly larger than the left.



A) Scientists have uncovered three houses under ten feet of ash near Tambora B) As a result of the darkness, crops in the surrounding regions failed, and many people went hungry



A) Such research is full of uncertainty, and it could not rule out the possibility that the findings were the result of changes that occurred in response to experiences and behaviours, rather than being inborn



C) Volcanologists are searching the area with ground-penetrating radar



B) Some scientists say the new findings are part of an increasingly convincing body of evidence that suggests sexual orientation results from fundamental developmental differences that are probably caused by hormonal exposures in the womb



D) Archaeologists will continue excavating the area E) Some scientists say that Tambora could be the Pompeii of the East



C) Some scientists remain sceptical, saying that there has been a history of jumping to conclusions and over-interpreting findings in the field of human sexual orientation 44. The honeybees that pollinate agricultural crops in the US were bred from stock originally brought over from Europe in the 1600s. ----. Whether caused by a new insecticide, disease, or a mix of stressors, the losses have resulted in a great deal of research and a query: Could native bees take their place? Of the thousands of US species, some efficiently tend crops like apples and alfalfa. A few, like the orchard mason bee, are already in commercial use. Advocates are fighting to preserve wild and weedy lands that support these natives.



D) In 1991, brain scientists reported that the hypothalamus, which is involved in sexual behaviour, tended to be smaller in gay men than in straight men E) To find out, scientists used magnetic resonance imaging, or MRI, to compare the symmetry of the brains of 25 “straight” men and 25 “straight” women with those of 20 gay men and 20 gay women



A)



The US honey yield for 2006 was 155 million pounds, and 33% of the US diet was tied to honeybee services



B)



The big, social colonies of honeybees are ideal for commercial pollination, and entire colonies are often transported to different farms



C)



However, some once common native bee species are in decline and data on others are incomplete



D)



Honeybees remain important workers in the US, where the value of their pollination work is $14.6 billion a year



E)



Since 2006, however, hundreds of thousands of these honeybees have died out in what is being called colony collapse disorder



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



8



A ÜDS İNG FEN BİL. / EKİM 2008 45. The biofuels currently manufactured in the US are doing great things for some farmers and some large agricultural companies, but little for the environment. The corn used to manufacture ethanol requires large doses of herbicide and nitrogen fertilizer and can cause more soil erosion than any other crop. ----. Biodiesel from soybeans is only slightly better. Environmentalists also fear that rising prices for both crops will push farmers to plow up some 35 million acres of marginal farmland now set aside for soil and wildlife conservation, potentially releasing even more carbon from the soil in those fields. A)



Unlike the ancient carbon unlocked by the burning of fossil fuels, the carbon in biofuels comes from the atmosphere and is returned there when the fuels are burned



B)



Such renewable fuels could also improve the US economy and help it to become less dependent on other countries



C)



46. ----. Forests are dying, most impressively by burning. The damage done by wildfires in the US, the vast majority of them in the western states, has increased greatly since the late 1980s. In 2006, nearly ten million acres were destroyed. With temperatures in the region up by 2°C over the past 30 years, spring is coming sooner to the western mountains. The snowpack – already diminished by drought – melts earlier in the year, drying the land and creating perfect conditions for wildfires. As hotter summers extend into autumn, the fires are ending later as well.



The boom in corn production has pushed corn prices to levels not seen in years, causing US growers to plant the largest crop since World War II



D)



Additionally, producing corn ethanol consumes just about as much fossil fuel as the ethanol itself replaces



E)



The key to intelligent biofuel production is to learn how to make it from plant material other than food, such as plant stalks, grasses, fastgrowing trees, or even algae



A)



People in the western part of the US are not yet suffering from water shortage, but trees are



B)



It is thought that precipitation in the southwestern US will decline steadily over the next few decades



C)



The fires are not only more frequent; they are also hotter and more damaging



D)



Most forests in the southwest of the US have always burned frequently, but at low intensity



E)



The typical tree bears the marks of many such fires, with black scars where the flames consumed the bark



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



9



A ÜDS İNG FEN BİL. / EKİM 2008 49. Brian : - Have you ever heard of “exoplanets”?



47. – 51. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz.



Duncan : - Exoplanets? No. What are they?



47. Fred : - I am sure you are familiar with Darwin’s theory of evolution, aren’t you?



Brian : - ----



Student : - Well, I can’t say I am. Can you summarize it for me?



Duncan : - So you mean they are extrasolar planets orbiting their own suns.



Fred : - ----



A) The vast majority of exoplanets use what is called “the radial-velocity method”.



Student : - Now I can understand clearly what he meant by his theory.



B) Well, most of these planets are of a type known as hot gas giants. C) So far, some 300 such bodies have been detected.



A) I would suggest that Darwin’s theory revolutionized our perception of life science.



D) Put simply, they are planets outside our own solar system.



B) Simple. For Darwin, new species arise naturally by a process of evolution.



E) They are planets with their own life forms.



C) It would be useful first to do some research on Darwin’s theory. D) Let me first urge you to do some reading in life science. E)



Before we discuss the theory, let’s remember how Darwin formed his theory.



48. Karen : - Did you know that nicotine actually changes the structure of the brain in a way that may cause addiction? Scott : - ---Karen : - And that’s not all; between 1998 and 2004, tobacco companies increased the amount of nicotine in cigarettes. A) Yes, and ten per cent of new smokers become addicted within only two days! B) But aren’t there new anti-smoking medications? C) That’s right; after one smoke-free year, the risk of coronary artery disease is reduced by half. D) I read that each year more than 19 million people try to quit smoking. E) Most people who want to stop smoking try many times before they succeed. Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



10



A ÜDS İNG FEN BİL. / EKİM 2008 51. Anthony : - Our research shows that the continents contain rocks up to 4 billion years old.



50. Stephen : - Currently, the plastics industry is undergoing a major change. Timothy : - How do you mean?



Simon : - That is amazing, isn’t it?



Stephen : - ----



Anthony : - ----



Timothy : - That is good news because, as you know, petrochemicals have adverse environmental effects.



A) To the contrary. We have found evidence that supports the theory of plate tectonics, which explains how plates converge and disperse. B) According to the theory of plate tectonics, the Earth has a rigid outer layer known as the lithosphere.



A) Plastic shopping bags, which are produced from petrochemical materials, are widely used throughout the world. B) As you know, the plastics industry has always depended on petrochemicals as raw material.



C) Indeed. It’s really dazzling to think of how the landmasses we see around us today were formed billions of years ago.



C) It is a fact that the production and burning of petrochemical plastics increases CO2 levels in the atmosphere.



D) As most scientists suggest, over millions of years, mountains rise where plates collide, and oceans form where plates diverge.



D) Evidently, recycling bioplastics into fuel could reduce concerns about the use of food crops in biofuels production.



E) In fact, it is generally accepted that almost all of the oceanic floor is less than 180 million years old.



E) There is a radical shift in the industry from petrochemicals to bio-based renewable polymers.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



11



A ÜDS İNG FEN BİL. / EKİM 2008 52. – 56. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. 52. (I) More people than ever before live in areas vulnerable to natural disasters. (II) For average citizens, this research translates to better preparedness when faced with the unexpected. (III) Over a billion people live under the shadow of the world’s 1,900 active volcanoes, yet only a few of these volcanoes are adequately monitored. (IV) Accurate weather forecasting is the best defense against hurricanes, but landfall predictions remain inaccurate by an average of 70 miles, and many hurricane warnings go unheeded. (V) Tsunamis can form too quickly for an official warning, but recognizing the immediate signs, such as a rapidly receding ocean, can give people precious minutes to reach safety. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



B) II



C) III



D) IV



A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



E) V



53. (I) Moving slowly helps the pygmy three-toed sloth escape the notice of predators. (II) The sloth can move quickly when threatened, but generally expends no more energy than is necessary to hang around all day eating leaves. (III) Confined to one remote island that separated from Panama long ago, this smaller cousin of mainland sloths has managed to survive quietly so far, but any disruption to its habitat could have huge consequences. (IV) Algae that sometimes coats its fur adds another level of camouflage. (V) Nearby development could well be the end of it. A) I



55. (I) The global climate is changing as it always has; species will go extinct as they always have; other species will prosper. (II) Humans may be influencing the change, but they didn’t create the change. (III) Global warming is as dynamic as many other earthly processes. (IV) Of course it is important to monitor which changes are being influenced by humans, but it must be remembered that change is natural, and Earth will continue to change no matter what humans may or may not do. (V) Humans as a species must accept this, and figure out how best to adapt to the change, not how to control it.



56. (I) The fate of the polar-region ice sheets will determine how much the sea level rises in the coming century. (II) Under the frozen surfaces of Himalayan glaciers on the flanks of Mount Everest and its fellow giant peaks, caves wind through the ice. (III) They follow twisting paths carved out by flowing meltwater, with unusual underground formations and narrow passages that open into huge galleries. (IV) The way meltwater moves inside glaciers is poorly understood, so scientists are going beneath the surface to track how water eats away at glaciers from the inside. (V) What we see on the surface is just part of the story.



E) V



A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



54. (I) The magnificent Philippine eagle is one of the planet’s most endangered birds of prey. (II) There is no competition for prey from tigers, leopards, bears, or wolves in the Philippine islands, the eagle’s only home, so it became the top predator in the rain forest. (III) However, with deforestation rates in the Philippines among the highest in the world, the eagle has been reduced to a population estimated at several hundred breeding pairs. (IV) The forest that allowed them to prosper is almost gone, and if the forest disappears, the eagle will become extinct. (V) A series of devastating floods and mud slides in the past decade has convinced Filipinos that the loss of forest affects not just wildlife, but people too. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



12



A ÜDS İNG FEN BİL. / EKİM 2008 58. It is pointed out in the passage that the mapping of dark matter ----.



57. – 60. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Dark matter is the invisible and mysterious material that makes up 22 per cent of the stuff in the universe. It is one of the greatest scientific unknowns. It does not emit light; nor does it reflect light or absorb it. While we are unable to see dark matter itself, we are able to create maps of it. We can clearly pinpoint its location by observing the effects of its mass on light from distant galaxies. This can be explained with reference to Einstein, who points out that a massive object will curve the fabric of space and that light will follow this deformed path. So we can look at how light from galaxies has been bent and, consequently, infer the quantity and location of the matter that did the bending. In fact, by using this method, a team of astronomers have recently managed to create the first three-dimensional map of the immense structure of dark matter.



A) has only been possible on the basis of a theory formulated by Einstein B) has been an easy task for astronomers, since they know its exact location C) was originally suggested by Einstein, but it is only now that this has been achieved D) has revealed a much closer and more extensive interaction among galaxies E) was first attempted by Einstein, who had already studied the light emitted by galaxies



59. It is clear from the passage that the mass and size of dark matter ----. A) have been measured through the use of a threedimensional map of space B) have ceased to be one of the greatest mysteries ever known in science



57. One understands from the passage that dark matter ----.



C) distort the fabric of space and, therefore, cannot be explored properly



A) has a very complex structure that has caused much controversy among astronomers



D) are so immense that it is out of question to study them in detail



B) has been thoroughly explored and studied by a number of astronomers



E) can only be understood through the curves made by the light from galaxies



C) accounts for more than half of the material that makes up the universe D) has a bending effect on the light that comes from distant galaxies 60. One can maintain that the passage ----.



E) with its great mass was already known by Einstein and a team of astronomers



A) focuses solely on the process whereby Einstein was able to locate dark matter B) deals with the nature of dark matter and how its presence has been revealed C) clearly explains where in space dark matter can be located and observed D) sheds a great deal of light on the amount of research astronomers have done E) largely dwells on the question of how light from galaxies becomes curved in space



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



13



A ÜDS İNG FEN BİL. / EKİM 2008 62. Emphasis is put on the fact that the United States ----.



61. – 64. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Using coal to make electricity accounts for about a third of America’s carbon emissions. As a result, tackling emissions from coal-fired power plants represents our best opportunity to make sharp reductions in greenhouse gases. Fortunately, the United States already has the technology to do that. Unfortunately, right now the country is addicted to coal, a cheap, abundant power source. Burning coal produces more than half the country’s electricity, despite its immense human and environmental costs. Air pollutants from coal-fired power plants cause somewhere between 20,000 and 30,000 premature deaths in the United States each year. Besides, fifty tons of mercury are pumped into the atmosphere annually from coal plants. In addition, the extraction of coal, from West Virginia to Wyoming, devastates the physical environment, and its processing and burning produce gigantic volumes of waste.



A) has the ability to drastically decrease greenhouse gases in the country B) has developed efficient technologies for the prevention of environmental pollution C) is the only country in the world that largely depends on coal for its energy needs D) has made great technological advances in processing large amounts of waste E) is seriously concerned about the human and environmental effects of its energy policy



63. As one learns from the passage, coal ----. A) has always been used as a primary source of energy, but new technologies are needed to extract it more cheaply B) is so abundant in America that more and more coal-fired power plants are being constructed throughout the country C) is extracted in gigantic amounts in West Virginia and Wyoming, since these two states have the richest reserves in the country



61. It is stated in the passage that coal-fired power plants in the United States ----.



D) is so indispensable for the production of electricity that nobody is concerned about its adverse effects on the environment



A) are noted for lower carbon emissions than other kinds of power plants



E) is a major power source in America, although it has various human and environmental disadvantages



B) are concentrated in West Virginia and Wyoming more than in any other area C) produce a great amount of the country’s electricity D) are blamed more for mercury emissions than for carbon emissions



64. In the passage, the writer ----. A) clearly explains the adverse effects that coalfired power plants have in America



E) have caused widespread environmental destruction in West Virginia and Wyoming



B) criticizes the United States government for not following a clear energy policy C) is fully in favour of the use of coal, as it is a readily-available and cheap energy source D) calls for the development of new technologies for the reduction of carbon emissions E) is worried about how gigantic volumes of powerplant waste can be efficiently treated



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



14



A ÜDS İNG FEN BİL. / EKİM 2008 66. It is emphasized in the passage that mass ----.



65. – 68. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) is the weight of a thing and is wholly dependent on gravity



According to the most accurate scientific theory ever created and generally known as the standard model, all of space is filled with a mysterious stuff called “the Higgs field”. Unlike magnetic or gravitational fields, which vary from place to place (as, for instance, the fact that things weigh more on Earth than on the surface of the Moon), the Higgs field is exactly the same everywhere. What varies is how the different fundamental particles interact with it. That interaction, the theory goes, is what gives particles mass. In other words, the Higgs field is what makes some particles, such as protons and neutrons, relatively heavy, others (like electrons) subatomic lightweights, and still others (like photons) utterly massless. If photons weren’t so light, a person would be shredded by a photon hailstorm every time he or she was exposed to a sunbeam. Then again, if protons and neutrons weren’t so heavy, one wouldn’t dare to go outside to sunbathe anyway. So without mass and its affinity for gravity, there would be no galaxies, no stars, and no us.



B) is fundamentally different from weight and the two terms should not be confused C) can only be observed in magnetic and gravitational fields D) shows no difference on Earth and on the surface of the Moon E) is essentially a function of how particles interact with the Higgs field



67. As is pointed out in the passage, the Higgs field ----. A) covers space completely and is of a homogeneous nature B) has the same characteristics as a magnetic or gravitational field C) has been known for centuries and led to the theory of gravity D) has had no impact on the formation of galaxies and stars



65. One learns from the passage that, in magnetic or gravitational fields, ----.



E) is only related to the interactions of photons, protons, and neutrons



A) photons have an equal mass to that of protons and neutrons B) things do not interact at all and are therefore massless C) the weight of things is never the same, but changes according to location



68. In the passage, attention is drawn to the fact that the theory of the Higgs field ----.



D) there are still many mysteries that need to be explained accurately



A) has been used as the standard model for an explanation of magnetic fields



E) it is not clear how different fundamental particles interact with each other



B) is absolutely reliable and sheds light on how the universe was formed C) helps us understand how to avoid the dangerous effects of solar rays D) constitutes the basis of nuclear physics, since it is concerned with nuclear elements E) is indispensable for an understanding of the Moon’s gravity and its effects



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



15



A ÜDS İNG FEN BİL. / EKİM 2008 70. It is suggested in the passage that global warming ----.



69. – 72. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Hurricanes, which are circular storms spinning around a region of low atmospheric pressure, are powered by energy released by spiralling surface winds that draw heat from the ocean. Warmer seas provide more energy and make hurricanes stronger. This is what happened during Hurricane Katrina in August 2005, which submerged New Orleans and the vicinity. In fact, according to climate scientists, both the intensity and destructiveness of hurricanes have increased markedly since the 1970s. In other words, the energy released by an average hurricane appears to have increased by about 70 per cent within the past 30 years. This increase correlates very closely with rises in sea surface temperatures. Furthermore, tropical oceans have warmed about one degree Fahrenheit in the past 50 years, a rise that is believed to be chiefly the result of global warming.



A) has always been considered to be the single most important cause of hurricanes throughout the world B) has been a major topic of research among climate scientists over the past 50 years or so C) is most intense in regions where atmospheric pressure is very low and sea surface temperatures very high D) was first recognized by climate scientists in the 1970s and has always been correlated with hurricanes E) may have played a major role over the years in the rise of temperature in the oceans in tropical regions



71. It is explained in the passage that a hurricane ----. A) can only be destructive so long as the surface temperatures of tropical oceans continue to rise steadily B) releases its energy when the temperature of the sea surface increases markedly and causes spiralling winds C) develops from spiralling surface winds that, according to climate scientists, mostly happen in tropical regions



69. One understands from the passage that Hurricane Katrina was obviously extremely destructive because ----.



D) is a storm that has a circular pattern and moves quickly around an area of low atmospheric pressure



A) no measures had been taken over the last 30 years to protect New Orleans and its surroundings B) New Orleans, situated so close to the ocean, has always had adverse effects on global warming



E) derives its energy from the oceans, whose surface temperature has changed very little over the past 50 years



C) at the time, global warming affected the New Orleans area more than anywhere else D) the increasingly warm ocean must have provided it with an unusual amount of energy E) climate scientists did not believe that such a hurricane could happen in the New Orleans area



72. One of the points emphasized in the passage is that, over the last 30 years, ----. A) the average hurricane’s energy has risen by almost three-quarters B) Katrina has been the only destructive hurricane in the New Orleans area C) climate scientists have made no progress in understanding hurricanes D) there has been a marked decrease in the strength of spiralling surface winds E) a great deal of research has been done regarding the causes of global warming Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



16



A ÜDS İNG FEN BİL. / EKİM 2008 74. A point made in the passage is that the organisms found in rivers and streams ----.



73. – 76. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Rivers and streams generally support communities of organisms quite different from those of lakes and ponds. A river or stream changes greatly between its source and the point at which it empties into a lake or the sea. Near the source, a stream’s water is usually cold, low in nutrients, and clear. The channel is often narrow, with a swift current that does not allow much silt to accumulate on the bottom. Most of the organisms found here are supported by the photosynthesis of algae attached to rocks or by organic material, such as leaves, carried into the stream from the surrounding land. Downstream, a river or stream generally widens and slows. The water is usually warmer and may be cloudier because of sediments and other particles suspended in it. Worms and insects that burrow into the mud are abundant, as are waterfowl, frogs, fish, and other water animals.



A) live in the silt that is formed by the accumulation of various kinds of organic material B) are completely consumed by waterfowl, frogs, and fish C) are more abundant nearer to the source D) depend on worms and insects for their food rather than on algae and other nutrients E) are quite unlike the ones found in lakes and ponds



75. As is clear from the passage, there is a sharp contrast between ----. A) the variety of waterfowl upstream and downstream B) rivers and lakes as regards the kind of water plants found in them C) the kinds of organic material found upstream and downstream



73. It is maintained in the passage that, near the end of its course, a river or stream ----. A) flows so fast that no sediment or silt accumulates on the bottom B) becomes so polluted that no use can be made of its water



D) the quality of the water at a river’s source and downstream E) the types of organisms found in different rivers and streams



C) shows a significant ecological and physical difference from its source D) is usually rich in algae indispensable for the survival of various water animals E) loses much of its nutrient capacity and turns into a muddy waterway



76. The passage gives us ----. A) a biological and ecological description of rivers and streams B) a warning about the dangers of pollution in rivers and streams C) a full picture of the kinds of organisms found in rivers and lakes D) an insight into adverse environmental effects on rivers and streams E) an account of how water animals, including worms and insects, feed Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



17



A ÜDS İNG FEN BİL. / EKİM 2008 79. According to the passage, it is over the last century that ----.



77. – 80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. People have been pushing into forestlands for thousands of years, but during the last century, scientists say, the rate of global forest reduction has reached alarming levels. About 50 million acres of forest are cleared every year. Much of Europe’s original forests are gone. The forests of North America, which once dominated the landscape, have shrunk by almost 40% in the last two centuries to make room for people and meet the demand for lumber and paper. Not only have many of the animals that depend on these ecosystems disappeared, but various species of trees have also been depleted. Timber farms on land that once sustained natural forests have little of the biodiversity of the original forests, with pesticides and other chemicals allowing the land to support only a few kinds of life.



77. The passage as a whole deals with ----.



A) deforestation in the world has become dangerously extensive B) scientists have become aware of the variety of ecosystems in North America C) the paper industry in America has become dependent on forest farms D) solutions for the conservation of natural forestlands have gone into effect E) the reduction of natural forests has been brought under control



80. It is stressed in the passage that, over the last two centuries, ----.



A) the process of deforestation in Europe taking place over thousands of years



A) the demand in the world for lumber and paper has reached alarming levels



B) the steps taken for the restoration of lost forestlands in North America



B) many lost species of trees have been recovered in Europe’s forestlands



C) the biodiversity that the lost forests of Europe once had



C) no pesticides and chemicals have been allowed in North America’s forests



D) the alarming question of deforestation and its harmful impact on ecosystems



D) nearly half of North America’s forestlands have been cleared for various reasons



E) the uses of pesticides and chemicals for the protection of forestlands



E) the area of natural forests has been sustained throughout the world



78. It is claimed in the passage that forest farms planted for timber ----. A) can be most useful in recovering the lost forestlands in Europe B) lack the extensive biodiversity found in natural forests C) have a beneficial impact on the environment because of the variety of trees there



TEST BİTTİ. CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.



D) have become widespread in North America and are preferable to natural forests E) have increased throughout the world over the last two centuries



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



18



ÜNİVERSİTELERARASI KURUL YABANCI DİL SINAVI (ÜDS) 23 MART 2008 A KİTAPÇIĞI



İNGİLİZCE FEN BİLİMLERİ TESTİ CEVAP ANAHTARI 1. D



21. C



41. A



61. A



2. A



22. B



42. E



62. C



3. B



23. D



43. C



63. D



4. E



24. A



44. B



64. B



5. A



25. E



45. D



65. A



6. B



26. A



46. C



66. E



7. C



27. D



47. D



67. B



8. A



28. E



48. A



68. D



9. D



29. C



49. B



69. C



10. B



30. B



50. E



70. A



11. E



31. E



51. D



71. B



12. A



32. C



52. B



72. D



13. B



33. A



53. E



73. E



14. D



34. B



54. C



74. C



15. C



35. D



55. B



75. E



16. A



36. C



56. C



76. A



17. B



37. A



57. E



77. D



18. E



38. E



58. A



78. E



19. D



39. D



59. D



79. B



20. A



40. C



60. E



80. D



ÜNİVERSİTELERARASI KURUL YABANCI DİL SINAVI (ÜDS) 12 EKİM 2008



İNGİLİZCE FEN BİLİMLERİ TESTİ CEVAP ANAHTARI A KİTAPÇIĞI



1. C



21. E



41. B



61. C



2. E



22. B



42. E



62. A



3. D



23. E



43. B



63. E



4. E



24. D



44. E



64. A



5. D



25. E



45. D



65. C



6. B



26. C



46. A



66. E



7. A



27. A



47. B



67. A



8. D



28. E



48. A



68. B



9. E



29. B



49. D



69. D



10. B



30. D



50. E



70. E



11. C



31. E



51. C



71. D



12. D



32. A



52. B



72. A



13. C



33. B



53. D



73. C



14. D



34. E



54. E



74. E



15. A



35. C



55. C



75. D



16. E



36. E



56. A



76. A



17. C



37. C



57. D



77. D



18. A



38. D



58. A



78. B



19. B



39. A



59. E



79. A



20. D



40. D



60. B



80. D



A 2009 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNG 5. The major component of most gallstones is cholesterol, though some are ---- of calcium salts.



1. – 15. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



A) swept away B) kept away



1. Few Arab governments have any legal ---- to monitor arms trade. A) interpretation



B) framework



C) judgement



D) adoption



C) broken down D) looked after E) made up



E) obsession



2. European companies are stepping up their investment in the Libyan gas sector, as the Libyan government is increasingly ---- to welcome them. A) tentative



B) essential



D) similar



6. There ---- various indications that the current financial crisis ---- a damaging effect on technology companies.



C) obvious



A) are / is having



E) keen



B) were / will have C) had been / has had D) have been / would have had E) would have been / had had



3. Consumers in the Gulf countries have ---- higher real purchasing power because of sustained low inflation. A) inclusively



B) pensively



C) considerably



D) faintly E) bilaterally



7. Russia ---- earlier this week that it ---- all its troops out of Georgia.



4. For the world’s automotive industry, this year’s Dubai Motor Show is a rare opportunity to ---serious business with wealthy customers in the Middle East. A) lift



B) purchase D) conduct



A) had announced / pulled B) announces / would have pulled



C) relate



C) announced / had pulled



E) satisfy



D) is announcing / has pulled E) has announced / was pulling



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



1



A 2009 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNG 12. The Caucasus is a strategically vital region ---could play a critical role in the European Union’s future energy security.



8. With its superior firepower, NATO ---- any battle, but it ---- the war in Afghanistan. A) had won / loses



A) whereas



B) can win / is losing



B) who



D) whereby



C) has won / lost



C) as E) that



D) would have won / had lost E) is winning / was losing



13. ---- inflation and unemployment rise sharply in Europe, the solidarity of the European Union could break down in some damaging ways.



9. About 20 to 40 per cent of pancreatic cancer cases are cured ---- chemotherapy followed ---radiation therapy or surgery. A) about / over



B) from / to



C) with / by



D) of / into



A) If



B) As if



C) Unless



D) Until E) Even though



E) at / through



14. In the current financial crisis, Italy is alone among the big European countries in having ---- a bank rescue fund ---- a stated figure for the sum it is ready to make available.



10. The objective ---- a proper diet is to achieve and maintain a desirable body composition and a large capacity ---- physical and mental work. A) through / through



A) more / than



B) neither / nor



B) on / within



C) such / as



D) so / that



C) at / across



E) just / as



D) of / for E) after / between



11. Gang violence is deplorable and cannot be tolerated, ---- simply “cracking down” on it is not the solution. A) so that



B) whereby D) when



15. Deep-sea diving can cause medical problems ---air embolism and decompression sickness, which can be fatal if not treated promptly.



C) but



A) as regards



E) so long as



B) as far as



D) such as



C) also



E) just as



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



2



A 2009 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNG 16. – 20. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



21. – 25. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



Eritrea was part of the first Ethiopian kingdom of th Aksum (16) ---- its decline in the 8 century. It came th under the control of the Ottoman Empire in the 16 century, and (17) ---- of the Egyptians. The Italians (18) ---- the coastal areas in 1885, and the Treaty of Uccialli, signed on 2nd May 1889, gave Italy (19) ---over part of Eritrea. The Italians ruled the colony until World War II. It was made an Ethiopian province in 1962, but a civil war (20) ---- against the Ethiopian government led by rebel groups who opposed the union and wanted independence for Eritrea.



The portrait, as it is known today, was born in the Renaissance. In fact, portraits (21) ---- before the Renaissance, of course: (22) ---- think of the Pharaohs with their colossal statues, or the busts of the Roman emperors, (23) ---- those figures seemed very (24) ----. Renaissance artists, by contrast, sought to create not just a likeness of their subjects, but also (25) ---- of their spirit.



21. 16.



A) exist A) through



B) over D) with



C) until



B) would exist



E) in



C) have existed D) would have existed



17.



E) had existed A) subsequently



B) widely



C) unanimously



D) earnestly



22.



E) extensively



A) Just



B) Already



C) Always



D) Usually



18.



E) Previously A) capture B) will capture



23.



C) have captured



A) whenever



D) captured



B) when



D) while



C) but E) so far as



E) are capturing 24. 19. A) institution



B) sovereignty



D) opposition



C) treatment



A) principal



B) prospective



C) enthusiastic



D) recent



E) prominence



E) remote



20.



25. A) broke out



B) took off



C) set out



D) kept on E) went forward



A) many



B) anything



C) something



D) any E) few Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



3



A 2009 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNG 29. ---- where bones that span six million years of human evolution have been dug up over the last 25 years.



26. – 35. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz. 26. ---- that the basic principle of collective ownership of rural land will remain unchanged.



A) New archaeological evidence helps us to understand the evolution of primitive humans



A) In the past, many people in China feared



B) Various fossils have recently been found in an Ethiopian valley



B) The Chinese government had already decided



C) The history of human evolution can best be traced through the study of fossils



C) Some politicians in China took part in a debate



D) The new discoveries in Ethiopia significantly expand our knowledge of primitive humans



D) The Chinese Prime Minister has stated E) Chinese peasants held a protest meeting last Sunday



E) In Ethiopia, a wide range of fossils, including teeth, skull, jaw and hand bones, have been discovered



30. When François Mitterrand nationalized France’s banks in 1981, ----.



27. ----, but it no longer sponsors terrorism. A) North Korea had long wanted to reach an agreement with the US



A) he opposed the view that economic liberty had been under attack



B) North Korea had, until recently, no intention of giving up nuclear weapons



B) he had already decided to minimize these risks in a short term



C) The North Koreans and the Japanese have had talks on a variety of issues



C) he had tried to avoid populist gestures



D) Two decades ago, two North Korean agents blew up a South Korean airliner



D) his ultimate aim has been to regulate France’s financial system



E) North Korea’s regime may be brutal in all sorts of ways



E) he did so because he thought the state would run them better



31. In the 1970s and 1980s, Colombia became one of the international centres for illegal drug production and trafficking ----.



28. Because Brazil’s exports include a wide variety of valuable raw materials, ----. A) the unpredictable exchange rates had damaged the country’s economy a lot



A) because the drug cartels virtually controlled the country



B) the government introduced a number of austerity measures to reduce inflation



B) even though 2 million Colombians have left the country in the past several years



C) the country has had huge earnings in foreign currency over the past few years



C) that the government unsuccessfully attempted to stem the guerrilla violence



D) the country’s economy cannot satisfy domestic demand without higher inflation



D) just as the leading drug dealers were offered lenient punishment in exchange for their surrender



E) most economists agree that a weaker currency will mean higher inflation



E) since the country has turned into a battleground with bombs, killings and kidnappings Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



4



A 2009 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNG 35. The prevalence of schizophrenia worldwide appears to be slightly less than 1 per cent ----.



32. New Zealand consists of two main islands and a number of smaller, outlying islands, which are so scattered ----.



A) if schizophrenia is a relatively serious mental disorder



A) while the country has been in the forefront in instituting social welfare legislation



B) since it is regarded as a major public health problem throughout the world



B) as other inhabited islands include the Chatham Islands and Great Barrier Island



C) because schizophrenia and other delusional disorders share certain features



C) even if the North Island and the South Island are separated by the Cook Strait



D) although areas of higher or lower prevalence have been identified



D) since the Maoris, who consisted of several tribes, were the first inhabitants of the country



E) unless people with schizophrenia occupy one fourth of all hospital beds



E) that they range from the tropical to the antarctic



33. Suriname, now a Latin American country, was originally explored by Spain in 1593, ----.



36. – 40. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz.



A) because the English transferred sovereignty to the Dutch in 1667



36. Undernutrition, a deficiency of essential nutrients, can result from inadequate intake because of poor diet or poor absorption from the intestine.



B) but by 1602 the Dutch began to settle the land, followed by the English C) since colonization was confined to a narrow coastal strip



A) Temel besin eksikliği olan yetersiz beslenme, az beslenmeden veya bağırsaktaki az emilimden dolayı yeterli gıda alınmamasından kaynaklanabilir.



D) although African slaves made up the workforce for coffee and sugarcane plantations



B) Az beslenme veya bağırsaktaki az emilim sonucu temel besinlerin yeterli alınamaması nedeniyle, beslenme yetersizliği oluşur.



E) while after 1870 plantation workers were mostly imported from British India



C) Temel besin eksikliği olarak anlaşılan beslenme yetersizliği, az beslenme veya bağırsakta az emilim sonucu ortaya çıkmaktadır. D) Az beslenme veya bağırsaktaki az emilim nedeniyle yeterli gıda alınamaması, temel besinlerin eksikliğine ve yetersiz beslenmeye yol açmaktadır.



34. Some types of breast cancer grow very slowly and spread to other parts of the body ----.



E) Temel besinlerin eksikliğine bağlı olarak oluşan beslenme yetersizliğinin kaynağı, az beslenme veya bağırsaktan az emilim olmasıdır.



A) as an infected breast usually appears red and swollen B) so long as they can be detected C) only after they become very large D) so that the diseased breast may be removed E) because recently two separate genes for breast cancer have been identified



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



5



A 2009 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNG 39. The West needs to keep talking to Russia about many things, notably about efforts to prevent Iran from acquiring nuclear weapons.



37. New Zealand was the first country in the world to give women in 1893 the right to vote. A) 1893’te dünyada kadınlara ilk seçme hakkı verilen ülke Yeni Zelanda’dır.



A) İran’ın nükleer silahlar üretmesini engelleme girişimleri, Batı’nın Rusya ile konuşmak zorunda olduğu pek çok konunun içinde özellik taşımaktadır.



B) Dünyada kadınlara 1893’te ilk seçme hakkını veren ülke Yeni Zelanda olmuştur. C) Yeni Zelanda, dünyada, kadınlara 1893’te seçme hakkı veren ilk ülkeydi.



B) Batı’nın Rusya ile konuşmak zorunda olduğu pek çok konu içinde özellikle İran’ın nükleer silahlar elde etmesini engelleme girişimleri bulunmaktadır.



D) Dünyada kadınlara ilk seçme hakkı, 1893’te Yeni Zelanda’da verilmiştir.



C) Batı’nın, Rusya ile pek çok konu üzerinde, özellikle İran’ın nükleer silahlar edinmesini engelleme çabaları üzerinde konuşmayı sürdürmesi gerekmektedir.



E) Kadınlara 1893’te seçme hakkı verilen dünyadaki ilk ülke, Yeni Zelanda idi.



D) Batı, İran’ın nükleer silahlar edinmesini engelleme çabaları dahil, pek çok konuyu özellikle Rusya ile tartışmak zorundadır. E) Batı, İran’ın nükleer silahlar üretmesini engellemek için yapacağı girişimleri, Rusya ile konuşacağı pek çok konu ile birlikte ele almak zorundadır.



38. The issue under debate today is whether, for all its flaws, capitalism is the best economic system man has yet invented.



40. The European Union can help underdeveloped countries, especially those in Africa, by offering financial aid, more open trade arrangements and easier visa conditions.



A) Bir sürü aksaklıklarına rağmen, kapitalizmin, insanoğlunun bugüne kadar ortaya koyduğu en iyi iktisadi sistem olup olmadığı tartışılmaktadır.



A) Avrupa Birliği’nin, özellikle Afrika’daki az gelişmiş ülkelere yardım edebilmek için, mali yardım, daha açık ticaret kolaylıkları ve daha uygun vize koşulları sunması gerekir.



B) Bugün tartışılan konu, tüm kusurlarına rağmen, kapitalizmin, insanın şimdiye kadar icat ettiği en iyi iktisadi sistem olup olmadığıdır.



B) Avrupa Birliği, az gelişmiş ülkelere, özellikle Afrika’dakilere, mali yardım, daha açık ticaret düzenlemeleri ve daha kolay vize koşulları sunarak yardım edebilir.



C) Eksiklikleri de olsa, insanlığın bugün ortaya koyduğu en iyi iktisadi sistemin, kapitalizm olup olmadığı hâlâ tartışılmaktadır.



C) Az gelişmiş ülkelere mali yardım, daha açık ticaret olanakları ve daha rahat vize kolaylıkları sunan Avrupa Birliği, özellikle Afrika’daki ülkelere yardım edebilir.



D) İnsanın şimdiye kadar yarattığı en iyi iktisadi sistem olan kapitalizmin kusurları, bugün tartışma konusudur. E) İnsanlığın bugüne kadar yarattığı en iyi iktisadi sistem olmasına rağmen, kapitalizmin aksaklıkları günümüzde tartışılmaktadır.



D) Avrupa Birliği’nin, az gelişmiş ve özellikle Afrika’daki ülkelere yardım edebilmesi için, mali yardım ve daha açık ticaret koşullarının yanı sıra, daha uygun vize kolaylıkları da sunması gerekir. E) Avrupa Birliği’nin az gelişmiş ülkelere ve özellikle Afrika ülkelerine yapacağı yardımlar, mali yardım, daha açık ticaret koşulları ve daha uygun vize kolaylıkları olabilir. Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



6



A 2009 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNG 43. Kafkaslar, 1991’de Sovyetler Birliği’nin çöküşünden arta kalmış birçok içten içe kaynayan çatışmayı barındırmaktadır.



41. – 45. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz.



A) After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Caucasus has become an area with various simmering conflicts.



41. Ekonomik kalkınma gibi, siyasi barışıklık, Afganistan için çözümün gerçekten bir parçası olmak zorundadır. A) Political reconciliation, just like economic development, must indeed be regarded as a final settlement in Afghanistan.



B) Following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, there have emerged various tensions in the Caucasus ready to explode into conflicts.



B) Not only economic development but also political reconciliation has really to be the ultimate settlement in Afghanistan.



C) The Caucasus harbours several simmering conflicts left after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.



C) It is essential that, in addition to economic development, political reconciliation must in fact be considered for a lasting solution in Afghanistan.



D) It is in the Caucasus that, following the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, a number of issues have risen, ready to explode into conflicts. E) Several regional conflicts have risen in the Caucasus since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.



D) As part of a lasting solution in Afghanistan, political reconciliation as well as economic development must indeed be taken into consideration. E) Like economic development, political reconciliation does indeed need to be part of the solution for Afghanistan.



44. Shakespeare, her ne kadar tüm yaratıcılık enerjisini öncelikle sahneye odaklamış olsa da, kendisi aynı zamanda çağının en önde gelen lirik şairi idi.



42. Zimbabve’den, insanların açlıktan ölmeye başladıklarına ilişkin yürek parçalayıcı haberler sızmaktadır.



A) Even if Shakespeare’s creative energy was primarily focused on the stage, he was indeed the most admired lyric poet of the period.



A) Heart-rending news has been filtering out from Zimbabwe that the people are starting to die of starvation.



B) For Shakespeare, the stage was the focus of his creative energy, but he was also a leading lyric poet of his time.



B) One gets heart-rending news out of Zimbabwe that the people there are dying of starvation. C) The news out of Zimbabwe that people are about to die of starvation is heart-rending.



C) It was on the stage that Shakespeare mainly focused his creative energy, even though he was regarded as the most eminent lyric poet of the period.



D) The heart-rending news that has been leaked out of Zimbabwe is that people have been dying of starvation.



D) Shakespeare was the most respected lyric poet of his age, although his creative energy was mainly focused on the stage.



E) The news that the people in Zimbabwe have been dying of starvation is extremely heartrending.



E) Although Shakespeare focused all his creative energy primarily on the stage, he was as well the foremost lyric poet of his age.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



7



A 2009 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNG 45. Son yıllarda, tarihçiler, üst sınıflar ve onların siyasi çatışmalarına ilişkin öykülere daha az, ancak alt sınıf insanlarının yaşamlarını biçimlendiren iktisadi ve toplumsal güçlere daha çok vurgu yapmışlardır.



46. – 51. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz. 46. Most foreign tourists visiting London come to see the Houses of Parliament. This monumental Gothic building on the River Thames is probably Britain’s best-known landmark. Indeed, the people who come to visit it may know very little and care even less about what happens inside, but they appreciate the place as one of the greatest achievements of nineteenth-century art. ----. Indeed, the Parliament is a magnificent building.



A) In recent years, historians have emphasized more the economic and social forces that have an impact on the lives of lower-class people, but less the stories about upper-class political confrontations. B) Stories about the upper classes and their political differences have not received much emphasis from historians in recent years, while more emphasis has been put on the economic and social developments that have affected the lives of lower-class people.



A) Before the Norman Conquest in 1066, King Edward the Confessor established his palace on the site



C) The economic and social factors that shape the lives of lower-class people have often been emphasized by historians in recent years, since stories about the upper classes and their political quarrels no longer receive any attention.



B) Also, most of those who work daily in the building remain awed by its artistic power C) The disaster of the great fire of 1834 destroyed much of the medieval palace



D) In recent years, historians have placed less emphasis on stories about the upper classes and their political conflicts, but more on the economic and social forces that shape the lives of lowerclass people.



D) For security reasons, the Houses of Parliament can no longer be viewed by the general public E) The word “parliament” derives from the French word “parler”, which means “to speak” or “to talk”



E) In recent years, historians’ emphasis on the economic and social developments that have shaped the lives of lower-class people rather than on the stories of upper-class political conflicts has received much attention.



47. At the start of the twentieth century, Britain was still the greatest world power. By the middle of the century, although still one of the “Big Three”, Britain was clearly weaker than both the United States and the Soviet Union. ----. Its power had ended as quickly as Spain’s had done in the seventeenth century. One reason for this sudden decline of Britain was the cost and effort of two world wars. A) Indeed, by the end of the 1970s, Britain was no longer even among the richest European powers B) In electronics and technology, Britain is still a world competitor C) No one doubts that Britain is living in an age of uncertainty D) But the most important reason was the basic weaknesses in Britain’s industrial power E) The discovery of oil in the North Sea has given Britain a great deal of economic advantage



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



8



A 2009 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNG 50. Around 1550, the Renaissance in Italy began to decline. The causes of this decline were varied. ----. The French King Charles VIII viewed Italy as an attractive target for his expansive dynastic ambitions. In 1494, he led an army of thirty thousand well-trained troops across the Alps to press his claims to the Duchy of Milan and the Kingdom of Naples.



48. During World War II, the Allies had started to think of ways in which a new world order could replace the failed League of Nations. Even before it joined the war against Germany and its allies, the US had agreed on an “Atlantic Charter” with Britain. The basis of this new charter was US President Roosevelt’s “Four Freedoms”: freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from fear, and freedom from want. At the end of the war, the victorious Allies created the United Nations, which expressed the ideas of the Atlantic Charter. ----.



A) The French invasion of 1494 and the incessant warfare that ensued was one of the major factors B) Renaissance humanists were primarily interested in the study of classical texts



A) In the early 1960s, Britain was increasingly interested in joining the newly-formed European Community



C) To the Italian political disasters was added a waning of Italian prosperity



B) In 1948, the Soviet Union tried to capture West Berlin by stopping all road and rail traffic to it



D) As Italian wealth diminished, there was less and less of a surplus to support artistic endeavours



C) Thus, they hoped that the success of the wartime alliance could be carried into peacetime



E) Italy’s virtual monopoly of trade with Asia in the fifteenth century had been an economic support for the Italian Renaissance



D) All these military and scientific developments drew Britain more closely to the US E) During the post-war period, Britain was seriously concerned about the danger from the Soviet Union



51. Our knowledge of the Celts in Britain is slight. As with previous groups of settlers, we do not even know for certain whether the Celts invaded Britain or came peacefully as a result of the lively trade with Europe from about 750 B.C. onwards. At first, most of Celtic Britain seems to have developed in a generally similar way. ----. Consequently, this fall led to serious economic and political differences between the Celts of southeast Britain and those of the northwest.



49. Little is known about the life of women in the Middle Ages, but without doubt it was hard. ----. It also spread two very different ideas about women. So, on the one hand, women were regarded as pure and holy, while, on the other, they could not be trusted and were a moral danger to men. Such religious teaching led men both to worship and also to look down on women. A) It is unlikely that love played much of a part in most marriages



A) The Celts were joined by new arrivals from the European mainland



B) Marriage was always the single most important event in the lives of medieval men and women



B) The Celtic tribes continued the same kind of agriculture as the Bronze Age people before them



C) This was because by marriage a family could improve its wealth and social position



C) The Celts knew how to work with iron and could make a variety of weapons



D) The Church taught that women were always to obey their husbands



D) But from about 500 B.C., trade contact with Europe declined



E) Once married, a woman had to accept her husband as her master



E) During the Celtic period, women may have played an important role in political life



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



9



A 2009 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNG 53. As a highly respected economist, you have been invited by a group of businessmen to give a talk on the current global crisis. However, on the very day you are expected to speak, you are taken ill, and, upset about missing such a chance, you call the organizers and say:



52. – 57. sorularda, verilen durumda söylenmiş olabilecek sözü bulunuz. 52. A young colleague of yours is worried that the proposal for a paper he has submitted to the scientific committee of an international conference may be rejected due to his lack of advanced research experience. As a senior colleague, well aware of his research capacity and seriousness of purpose, you wish to cheer him up and encourage him by saying:



A) Frankly, I have already decided to cancel the talk that you wished me to give on the current consequences of the global crisis. B) Although I am not feeling well today, I would really like to take this opportunity and discuss with you the effects of the economic problems that the world is currently facing.



A) I told you that your paper needs to be extensively revised. You may be good at research, but your arguments in the paper are extremely controversial.



C) Let me first express my apologies for cancelling the talk which I am expected to give today on the global impact of the current economic crisis.



B) I know how a scientific committee reaches a decision. Chances are slim for your paper to be accepted as it is hardly based on sound research.



D) This is to inform you that, due to my prolonged poor health, I am not going to make my speech today on the global effects of the economic crisis.



C) Relax. Though you haven’t got much experience in research, you are a promising scientist, and I am sure they will take that into consideration.



E) Unfortunately, I am not well at all. I would like to convey my apologies for not being able to share my thoughts with you all on the problems affecting the world today.



D) It is too early for someone like you to be welcomed as a speaker at an international conference. You need to show your seriousness of purpose in your studies. E) As far as I am concerned, you should never have submitted your proposal because I know your research for this paper has been very limited.



54. You are the moderator at a panel on tax reform. The discussion has drifted into a debate on the question of whether indirect taxation needs to be abolished altogether. You feel that, instead of narrowing the panel down to a single issue, the speakers should deal with various other issues that are related to taxation and tax reform in general. So you turn to the speakers and say: A) I think we have to look at tax reform from various angles. So I would like you to discuss many different aspects of the subject rather than focus only on one aspect. B) I can see that you’ll never reach an agreement on tax reform. In this case, there is no use in discussing indirect taxation. C) I am glad to point out that each speaker has dealt with tax reform in detail and come up with a wide range of recommendations that need to be taken into consideration. D) We all know that indirect taxation is widely practised in the world, and so it is important that this taxation must be looked at from different angles. E) All this time, no speaker has yet addressed the problem of indirect taxation. So I would urge every speaker to discuss how this form of taxation can best be reformed.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



10



A 2009 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNG 55. As the head of the department, you have recently noticed that a junior staff member is often late for work. So you wish to find out why and send for him. In talking to him politely, you say: A) I have warned you several times, and you still continue to come late. This is a serious offence that can never be tolerated. So be careful. B) You know very well that you are always late for work and that this is intolerable. Let me warn you once again, and if you insist on being late, I’ll have to take disciplinary action against you. C) I am sure you are aware that it has almost become a habit with you not to get to the office on time. I wonder whether there is something that prevents you from being punctual.



56. A friend of yours, who you think is a fully qualified accountant, has applied for a vacancy in a company, but his application has been turned down by the Human Resources Department of the company. You are surprised. So, on his behalf, you call the director of the department, tell him about this unexpected decision, and ask him politely for an explanation: A) I didn’t expect that my friend would be rejected by your company, since, in my opinion, professionally he is perfect, so I would be grateful if you could kindly give me your reasons for his rejection. B) It is clear that you are biased against my friend, who is a good accountant, and so I want you to tell me frankly why he was not accepted.



D) I’ve been informed by some of your colleagues that every day you seem to be late for work. So I sent for you to talk it over and warn you once again.



C) Your rejection of my friend’s application to your company is absolutely unfair, since he is the best accountant I have ever known. So I need to know your reasons why he was not accepted.



E) Every day, you apologize for being late for work. I don’t find your excuses very convincing. Unless you show up on time from now on, you’ll be fired right away.



D) Contrary to my expectations, my friend, who is a professional accountant, has been rejected unfairly by your company. Give me a full account of your reasons for his rejection. E) I am extremely upset that you have turned down my friend’s application for a job in your company. Now I want you to tell me in detail why he failed to qualify.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



11



A 2009 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNG 57. At a literary gathering, you are introduced to a famous and popular novelist whose works you have always read with great pleasure. You wish to express your admiration for his writing and say to him: A) I am really very impressed by the popularity you have earned through your novels, some of which I find enjoyable. B) I know your novels are very popular, but in reading them I sometimes feel that some chapters need to be revised.



59. (I) By the fall of 1933, Germany had become a oneparty state. (II) Soon afterward, the socialist and communist left were crushed by the Nazi regime. (III) Almost all non-Nazi organizations were either abolished or forced to become part of the Nazi system. (IV) At the same time, party propaganda sought to impress citizens with the regime’s ideology. (V) In fact, the 1928 election in Germany was a turning point for the Nazis. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



C) Because your novels have always been admired by the public, you must be very pleased and feel encouraged for better writing. D) It has always been my wish to meet you, since your novels are most admired by the public. E) I would like to tell you how enormously I have always enjoyed reading your novels, which I believe are great works of literature.



60. (I) The social unrest of the Sixties was international. (II) Its roots lay in the political struggles and social transformations of the postwar period. (III) Mass culture made its most powerful impact in the visual world, especially through film. (IV) Of these, the most important were the anticolonial and civil rights movements. (V) Especially, anticolonial movements reflected a growing racial consciousness and also helped to encourage that consciousness. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



58. – 63. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. 58. (I) Towards the end of the eighteenth century, a vast cultural movement began to sweep across Europe. (II) Within the Romantic movement, a group of composers were inspired by new ideas about national identity. (III) The movement, known as Romanticism, called into question many of the principles of the eighteenth-century Enlightenment. (IV) In other words, the Romantics began to question human reason and the uniformity of human nature. (V) Moreover, they emphasized the diversity of humanity, and the importance of spontaneity, creativity, emotion and passion. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



61. (I) Columbus was not the first European to set foot on the American continents. (II) Viking sailors had reached and briefly settled present-day Newfoundland and perhaps New England around the year 1000. (III) But knowledge of these Viking landings had been forgotten throughout Europe for hundreds of years. (IV) It would not be right, therefore, to deny Columbus credit for his accomplishments. (V) In fact, Columbus brought back no Asian spices from his voyages. A) I



E) V



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



12



A 2009 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNG 62. (I) In 1960, the leading Middle Eastern, African, and Latin American oil producers banded together in a cartel, forming the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). (II) By the late 1970s, in the aftermath of two Arab-Israeli wars, it appeared that a generation of fighting might come to an end. (III) The aim of this body was primarily to regulate the production and pricing of crude oil. (IV) So, in the following decades, it has played a leading role in the global economy. (V) Its policies have essentially reflected the desire to derive maximum profit from oil production. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



64. – 69. sorularda, verilen cümleye anlamca en yakın olan cümleyi bulunuz. 64. In the 19th century, Afghanistan became a battleground in the rivalry between Britain and Russia for control of Central Asia. A) During the 19th century, the invasion of Afghanistan by Britain and Russia led to serious hostilities in Central Asia. B) It was in the 19th century that there emerged hostilities between Britain and Russia in Afghanistan, since Central Asia was important for them. C) In the 19th century, both Britain and Russia got into a fierce conflict with each other in Afghanistan in order to dominate Central Asia. D) Throughout the 19th century, the hostilities between Britain and Russia in Afghanistan were essentially for the possession of Central Asia. E) In the 19th century, Central Asia was so important for Britain and Russia that they first tried to conquer Afghanistan.



63. (I) The legacies of colonialism weighed heavily on sub-Saharan Africa. (II) Most of the continent’s former colonies came into their independence after World War II, with their basic infrastructures deteriorating after decades of imperial negligence. (III) The Cold War decades brought scant improvement, as governments across the continent were plagued by corruption, poverty and civil war. (IV) By the end of the twentieth century, East Asia had become a centre of industrial and manufacturing production. (V) Moreover, during the Cold War, these postcolonial states often became the very ground on which the superpower struggle was waged. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



65. Spanish efforts to recover Gibraltar culminated in a referendum in 1967, in which the residents voted overwhelmingly to retain their link with Britain. A) Although Spain’s aim had always been to annex Gibraltar, it was made clear in a referendum in 1967 that the people preferred British rule. B) Spain had always tried hard to reclaim Gibraltar from Britain; however, in a referendum held in 1967, the people of Gibraltar decided by a great majority to stay with Britain. C) A referendum in 1967 showed that, despite Spain’s attempts to annex Gibraltar, in fact the people favoured Britain. D) Spain’s attempts to reconquer Gibraltar failed in 1967 when the people of Gibraltar held a referendum, and showed their loyalty to Britain. E) In a referendum in 1967, the people of Gibraltar rejected Spain’s claim of annexation, and voted in favour of Britain.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



13



A 2009 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNG 68. Although Senegal is neither a large nor a strategically-located country, it has nonetheless played a prominent role in African politics since its independence.



66. A drug may affect several functions, even though it’s targeted at only one. A) While a drug may be used for various functions, it becomes effective only if it is taken for a specific function.



A) Senegal is a small African country with no strategic importance; however, ever since it gained independence, it has always been in the forefront of African politics.



B) Despite various other uses, a drug usually has a function for a special effect. C) The functions expected of a drug are various even if it is used for a specific disease.



B) As a minor but strategically significant country, Senegal has been very active in the politics of Africa since its independence.



D) However effective a drug may be, its functions have to be several.



C) Once Senegal, which is a major African country with some strategic importance, gained its independence, it began to pay much attention to political developments in Africa at large.



E) A drug is taken for a specific purpose, but it may have a range of other effects.



D) Despite the fact that Senegal has had much importance in African politics since its independence, its strategic position has been of no significance. E) As an African country, Senegal is so small that it has little strategic importance, and its involvement in African politics has not been notable ever since it gained independence.



69. While the world has been distracted by Iraq and Afghanistan, Iran has come closer to the point where it could build an atomic bomb.



67. What is certain is that Azerbaijan’s oil-fired economy has been booming in recent years. A) Although Azerbaijan’s economy is largely dependent on oil, in recent years it has entered a period of recession. B) There is no doubt that, over the past few years, Azerbaijan’s economy, which thrives entirely on oil, has been growing fast.



A) Contrary to Iraq and Afghanistan, both of which have been the object of international attention, Iran has upgraded its capacity to develop more nuclear arms. B) Both Iraq and Afghanistan continue to preoccupy the world, which has remained indifferent to Iran’s attempts to produce new weapons.



C) Since Azerbaijan’s economic prosperity is related to oil, there has been some minor improvement lately.



C) In developing nuclear arms, Iran pays no attention to international reactions, since the world is wholly concerned with issues in Iraq and Afghanistan.



D) It is only in recent years that, because of its oil, Azerbaijan has experienced some economic progress. E) Over the past few years, due to an increase in its oil output, Azerbaijan’s economy has become much stronger.



D) Because the world’s attention has been drawn completely to Iraq and Afghanistan, Iran has in the meantime made much progress towards the development of an atomic bomb. E) It is true that Iran has made some advances in developing nuclear weapons, while the circumstances in Iraq and Afghanistan continue to draw international attention.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



14



A 2009 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNG 71. Judy : - What do you know about John Stuart Mill?



70. – 75. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz.



Tom : - As far as I can recall, he was the most committed and influential defender of personal liberty in Victorian Britain in the 19th century.



70. Richard : - I’ve been reading about the ancient Egyptians lately.



Judy : - ----



Antony : - How interesting! Anything particularly drawing your attention?



Tom : - Indeed, he was. He wrote many essays on women’s political rights.



Richard : - It is claimed by some linguists that the early Egyptian language might represent the survival of a “root” language from which the other languages of the Afro-Asiatic group evolved in the past.



A) Agreed. In his On Liberty, he defended individual freedom in the face of the state and “the tyranny of the majority.” B) I know his On Liberty became one of the defining texts of Western liberalism.



Antony : - ----



C) He strongly argued that human freedom was essential to social progress.



A) Possible. In fact, the language of the ancient Egyptians has for long been a matter of debate among linguists.



D) Yet, for me, more importantly, he was a dedicated supporter of suffrage for women.



B) Actually, as you may remember, the first known permanent settlement in Egypt dates back to approximately 4750 B.C.



E) Historically, the Reform Bill of 1867 in Britain marked the high point of British liberalism.



C) You know that the patterns of development in ancient Egypt differed greatly from those of the Sumerians in Mesopotamia. D) It is true that, due to the Nile, ancient Egypt was able to forge a cultural and political unity. E) You must recall that the Egyptian system of pictographic writing, called hieroglyphs, has always fascinated modern scholars.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



15



A 2009 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNG 72. John : - By the way, can you tell me what the expression “the scramble for Africa” means? Harry : - Oh, I thought you knew it, since you are seriously interested in the history of Africa.



73. Liz : - I am puzzled about why declining birth rates in the West have been accompanied by growing populations of older adults. Susan : - You are right. Actually, it is a very complicated issue, and there is a wide range of reasons for it.



John : - ----



Liz : - ----



Harry : - Well, it is about the colonization of Africa. It indicates the scope and speed with which the major European powers, excited by stories of rubber forests and rich diamond mines, conquered and colonized Africa in the 19th century.



Susan : - I don’t know where to start. I think one obvious reason is improved standards of health care. A) Thank you so much. I’ll take your advice and do some research on the subject.



A) For instance, I know that in 1884 a conference, attended by the representatives of the European colonial powers, was held in Berlin to settle the matter of control over the Congo River basin.



B) Exactly. You can perhaps outline some of them for me. C) I believe a new type of demographic crisis different from this confronts Western governments.



B) It has been pointed out that by the 1830s the French had created a general government of their possessions in Algeria.



D) One can definitely see that globalization has a serious impact on the world’s population.



C) I am afraid I don’t. I came across it in an article I was reading yesterday. There was no explanation given.



E) Especially Asia’s population as a whole has increased nearly four times over since 1900.



D) Actually, the colonial powers’ partition of Africa in the 19th century was the most striking instance of European imperialism. E) According to some eyewitness reports, in the colonies, Africans worked in appalling conditions, with no medicine or sanitation and too little food.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



16



A 2009 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNG 74. Harriet : - I am writing an article about the Cold War period. There is a great deal of material I have to deal with.



75. Isabel : - Here is an interesting article on Byzantine learning. Have you seen it? Fred : - Let me have a look. No, I haven’t, but it does seem interesting.



Ares : - I suggest you focus on a specific topic rather than giving a general account.



Isabel : - ----



Harriet : - ---Ares : - So, your article will, I am sure, arouse a great deal of interest in academic and political circles.



Fred : - Well, we know from history that, in education, Byzantine schools based their instruction on classical Greek literature.



A) Right. I will demonstrate how the Cold War has given way to more complex global relations.



A) In fact, Byzantine achievements in art and architecture have always been admired.



B) You know the Eastern European revolutions of 1989 brought about the collapse of the Soviet Union.



B) Evidently, Byzantine scholars were very interested in the politics of ancient Greece.



C) Especially the Soviet Union’s increasingly severe domestic problems led to mounting protests in Russia in 1991. D) Everyone knows that the Iron Curtain had established one of the most rigid borders in European history.



C) As it has been argued by most historians, religion dominated Byzantine life. D) One can point out that inventiveness was highly prized in Byzantine culture. E) It gives a full account of the Byzantine interest in classical Greek literature.



E) In my opinion, since the end of the Cold War, adapting to change has been difficult throughout Eastern Europe.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



17



A 2009 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNG 77. It is pointed out in the passage that the changes that took place in Tudor England ----.



76. – 80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. The 16th century in England is generally known as the Tudor period, which historically lasted from 1485 to 1603. Among the famous Tudor sovereigns were Henry VII, Henry VIII, and Elizabeth I. In fact, the early years of the Tudor period were marked by significant changes in trade and in the arts of war. Henry VII made commercial treaties with European countries. Economically, England, which had always been a sheep-raising country, was by now manufacturing and exporting significant amounts of cloth. As lands were enclosed to permit grazing on a larger scale, people were driven off the land to the cities, and London grew into a metropolitan market with sophisticated commercial institutions. These changes had an impact on the traditional feudal social order, which also began to decline; also, due to the introduction of cannons and firearms, the feudal system of warfare became obsolete. Yet, it would be a mistake to imagine these changes as sudden and dramatic. In fact, it was a slow and long process whereby England was transformed into a modern state.



A) were fundamentally inspired by the social and economic developments already being witnessed in Europe B) had far-reaching effects on social and economic life C) were mainly confined to social life and improved the efficiency of the feudal social order D) initially resulted from a revision of the traditional arts of war that had depended on the use of cannons and firearms E) greatly reduced all the political and legal powers that English sovereigns had traditionally enjoyed and used



78. One understands from the passage that the Tudor dynasty in England ----.



76. According to the passage, it was during the Tudor period that ----. A) England’s overseas trade was adversely affected by ongoing wars in Europe



A) was best represented by Henry VIII, who followed a policy of friendship with other countries B) introduced a number of military reforms in order to build the strongest army in Europe



B) feudalism in England was further strengthened C) England’s exports to European countries were significantly in decline



C) focused its main attention on the improvement of agriculture in the country



D) sheep-raising was introduced into England, which had large areas of grazing



D) was represented by powerful sovereigns, who played a leading role in European politics



E) London was transformed into a major trade centre



E) came to power in the late fifteenth century and ruled the country over a century



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



18



A 2009 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNG 80. On the basis of the passage, one can state that, during the Tudor period, England ----.



79. It is clear from the passage that, due to developments in cloth-making in Tudor England, ----.



A) earned large amounts of revenue from its exports



A) most farming lands were turned into grazing fields for the sheep



B) took little interest in the affairs of continental Europe



B) English merchants began to look for new markets in order to export more goods



C) experienced a long process of social and economic transformation



C) rural people gave up farming and migrated to London in search of employment



D) emerged as a major sheep-raising country in Europe



D) the economic prosperity of the people increased enormously



E) remained totally indifferent to the economic and political changes in Europe



E) many cities, including London, competed with each other for economic prosperity



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



19



A 2009 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNG 82. According to the passage, the first industrial revolution ----.



81. – 85. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. In the last third of the 19th century, new technologies transformed the face of manufacturing in Europe, leading to new levels of economic growth and complex realignments among industry, labour and national governments. Like Europe’s first industrial revolution, which began in the late 18th century and centred on coal, steam and iron, this “second” industrial revolution relied on innovation in three key areas: steel, electricity, and chemicals. For instance, steel, which was harder, stronger and more malleable than iron, had long been used as a construction material. But until the mid-nineteenth century, producing steel cheaply and in large quantities was impossible. That changed between the 1850s and 1870s, as new and different processes for refining and mass-producing alloy steel revolutionized the metallurgical industry. Although iron did not disappear overnight, it was soon eclipsed by soaring steel production. So, steel began to be used for various purposes. In Britain, for example, shipbuilders made a quick and profitable switch to steel construction, and thus kept their lead in the industry. Germany and the US, however, dominated the rest of the steel industry. By 1901, Germany was producing almost half as much steel as Britain and was able to build a massive national and industrial infrastructure.



A) caused so much labour unrest in Europe that the steel industry did not develop adequately B) came into being during the later decades of the eighteenth century C) originally began in Britain and, then, spread to Germany and other European countries D) led to the manufacture of a wide variety of goods, ranging from construction materials to chemicals E) did not last long, since it did not lead to the development of new technologies



83. One understands from the passage that, before the mid-nineteenth century, ----. 81. It is stated in the passage that, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, ----.



A) steel production had been costly and did not amount to much quantity



A) the steel industry in Europe surpassed all the other industries, including those of electricity and chemicals



B) the “second” industrial revolution had spread all over Europe



B) governments in Britain and Germany took severe measures to prevent radical labour movements



C) Germany and Britain had been in fierce competition in developing shipbuilding technologies



C) the US produced so much steel that it began to manipulate the world steel market



D) Germany and the US collaborated against Britain for research in chemistry



D) Britain’s use of steel in the shipbuilding industry strengthened its dominant position in this sector



E) the manufacturing industry in Europe had benefited a great deal from new technologies



E) the use of iron and steel as construction materials was wholly confined to shipbuilding



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



20



A 2009 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNG 85. It is suggested in the passage that, in the nineteenth century, innovative developments in the areas of steel, electricity, and chemicals ----.



84. According to the passage, in the second half of the nineteenth century, the metallurgical industry underwent a radical transformation ----.



A) led to a lasting rivalry in shipping between Germany and Britain



A) although some countries, like Germany and the US, were still using obsolete methods of production



B) turned Germany into the strongest and most prosperous country in Europe



B) due to Germany’s lead in the development of new steel production technologies



C) brought about the “second” industrial revolution



C) because Britain’s shipbuilders had discovered new ways to build bigger but less expensive ships



D) greatly contributed to the improvement of Britain’s infrastructure E) became the main concern of national governments in Europe



D) when alloy steel began to be refined and massproduced through the introduction of innovative processes E) owing to new discoveries and technological progress in the fields of electricity and chemistry



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



21



A 2009 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNG 87. It is pointed out in the passage that not every politician in Britain ----.



86. – 90. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. In 1764, there was a serious quarrel over taxation between the British government and its colonies in America. The British government continued to think of the colonists as British subjects. In 1700, there had been only 200.000 colonists, but by 1770 this number rose to 2.5 million. Obviously, such large numbers needed to be dealt with carefully. Some American colonists decided that it was not lawful for the British government to tax them without their agreement. Political opinion in Britain was divided. Some felt that the tax was fair because the money would be used to pay for the defence of the American colonies against French attack. But several important politicians agreed with the colonists that there should be “no taxation without representation”. Hence, in 1773, at the port of Boston, a group of colonists threw a shipload of tea into the sea rather than pay tax on it. The event became known as “the Boston Tea Party”. The British government responded by closing the port. But the colonists then decided to prevent British goods from entering America until the port was opened again. The colonists’ action was regarded as a rebellion, and the British government decided to defeat it by force. Thus, the American War of Independence got underway. The war lasted from 1775 until 1783. The British government had no respect for the colonists’ fighting ability. The result was a disastrous defeat for the British forces. At the end of the war, Britain lost all the American colonies except Canada.



A) supported the British government’s decision to tax the American colonists against their will B) believed that the French would dare to invade the American colonies C) agreed that “the Boston Tea Party” jeopardized trade with the colonies D) was convinced that the British forces in America were strong enough to defeat the colonists E) was of the opinion that the American colonists would ever dream of independence



88. It is stated in the passage that, within a period of almost three quarters of a century, ----.



86. It is clear from the passage that, since the American colonists were not represented in the British Parliament, ----.



A) Britain and France got into a fierce competition in order to colonize a very large part of America



A) some politicians argued that Boston should be exempted from all kinds of taxation



B) Britain lost the war against the American colonies and had to grant their independence



B) they refused to pay the tax required of them by the British government



C) Canada grew demographically well ahead of the other American colonies



C) it was much easier for them to start a war of independence against Britain



D) Britain’s trade with the American colonies reached a level well above all expectations



D) they did not have a standing army and, therefore, were unable to defeat the British forces



E) the population of the American colonies increased to more than ten times the original number



E) they were not subject to the laws of Britain and felt free to take action against Britain



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



22



A 2009 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNG 90. It is stressed in the passage that, for the British government, ----.



89. One understands from the passage that, because of the tax crisis, ----.



A) the port of Boston was of vital political importance for relations with the American colonies



A) the American colonists imposed sanctions on British goods B) the port of Boston was closed for over half a century



B) the political representation of the American colonies was fully dependent on their payment of taxes



C) Britain took urgent precautions in order to increase its military capacity in America



C) France’s political aims in America had to be countered by the colonies themselves



D) the import of tea into the American colonies came under the British monopoly



D) the people living in the American colonies were always considered to be British subjects



E) France expressed its willingness to aid the American colonies against Britain



E) a defence agreement with the American colonies had to be reached urgently against France



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



23



A 2009 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNG 92. It is pointed out in the passage that, although in its lower course the Mississippi looks quiet and harmless, ----.



91. – 95. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. The Mississippi is one of the world’s great continental rivers, like the Amazon in South America, the Congo in Africa, or the Volga in Europe. Its waters are gathered from two-thirds of the US and, together with the Missouri, which is its chief western branch, the Mississippi flows some 6.400 kilometres from its northern sources in the Rocky Mountains to the Gulf of Mexico, which makes it one of the world’s longest waterways. The Mississippi has been called the “father of waters”. Through all its lower course, it wanders along, appearing lazy and harmless. But people who know the river are not deceived by its benign appearance, for they have had many bitter struggles with its floods. They have had to learn that nothing is to be gained by fighting against the rages of the mighty stream. To control it, Americans have had to accept some of the river’s own terms and to undertake the patient work of conserving and rebuilding soil, grasslands and forests, far back where the waters begin to gather.



A) most people believe that it may one day overflow its banks B) the people living along it are not aware of this C) actually it has caused much devastation D) people have always been indifferent to the threats it poses E) in its upper course it is extremely violent and destructive



93. In the passage, attention is drawn to the fact that the Mississippi’s waters can best be controlled ----.



91. It is clear from the passage that the sources of the Mississippi’s waters ----. A) are so limited that the river seldom causes flooding along its banks



A) if environmental measures are taken around its northern sources



B) are not as many as those of other continental rivers in the world



B) so long as its northern sources are definitely identified



C) need to be conserved to protect the river from environmental pollution



C) provided that Americans know how to struggle with them



D) are spread over a great part of the US



D) only if the people living along its course are evacuated



E) cannot be ascertained, since the Rocky Mountains have not been explored fully



E) in the same way that the world’s other big rivers have been controlled



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



24



A 2009 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNG 95. It is suggested in the passage that the American people ----.



94. One understands from the passage that the Mississippi ----.



A) have in the end learned how to get along with the Mississippi



A) has far more branches for the gathering of its waters than the Congo in Africa and the Volga in Europe



B) always boast of having the world’s longest river in their country



B) differs from the Amazon in South America and the other continental rivers in the world largely because its waters are much shallower



C) have a very strong sense of the environment and, therefore, conserve their forests



C) is far more navigable than the other continental rivers in the world and, therefore, becomes a commercially profitable waterway in the US



D) think that, without the Missouri, the Mississippi would have been just a mere stream E) regard the Mississippi as “the father of waters” because it is fully navigable



D) flows so fast throughout its course that, despite the long distance, it does not take long for its waters to get to the Gulf of Mexico E) cuts across the US from the Rocky Mountains in the north to the Gulf of Mexico in the south



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



25



A 2009 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNG 97. According to the passage, the discovery of Earthlike settings in other parts of the universe ----.



96. – 100. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. The Copernican revolution began over 500 years ago with the realization that the Earth was not the centre of the universe, but we still await its grand finale: the anticipated discovery of life elsewhere. Where else might we find life? The vast scale of the universe makes it virtually certain that there are other Earthlike settings. In our own solar system, Mars’s distance from the Sun makes it sufficiently Earth-like; so, especially with increasing evidence for occasional liquid water, many are looking there for the first signs of extraterrestrial life. Recently, however, a new contender has emerged, and surprisingly it is from the cold outer solar system: it is Jupiter’s moon Europa. As one of the four satellites of Jupiter, discovered by Galileo in 1610, Europa is now believed to have water in a liquid state, even though it is so far from the Sun. Thus, the possibility of liquid water on Europa has opened the door to speculation about life on this satellite of Jupiter.



A) is definitely out of question, since the universe is extremely vast B) would no longer make the Earth seem like the only planet with life on it C) seems possible, but it would be very costly and dangerous to attempt it D) has been an obsession for scientists ever since the time of Copernicus E) was what Galileo was primarily interested in in the early seventeenth century



98. It is pointed out in the passage that, in recent years, ----.



96. One clearly understands from the passage that, until Copernicus in the sixteenth century, ----. A) Mars had generally been regarded as the planet with life on it



A) some scientists have come to regard Copernicus’s contribution to astronomy as negligible



B) the search for life elsewhere in the solar system had been futile



B) scientists have come to understand the reasons for Galileo’s discovery of Europa



C) it had been commonly believed that the centre of the universe was the Earth



C) astronomers have focused on an in-depth study of the outer solar system



D) there had been many attempts to understand the outer solar system



D) there has been much controversy about the geological features of Mars



E) the planets in the solar system had all been discovered and studied



E) it has been suggested that Jupiter’s moon Europa may have liquid water on it



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



26



A 2009 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNG 99. It is stated in the passage that currently Mars ----.



100. According to the passage, it is hoped that ----.



A) has been established as the only planet with a vast amount of water under its surface



A) the amount of liquid water on Mars will be sufficient for life on the planet



B) is being fully explored because, as a planet, it is so close to the Earth



B) in the future only Europa will become man’s new home in the universe



C) has been partially studied, and so it still maintains its mystery as a planet



C) one day Earth-like life will be discovered outside our own planet



D) has been the main focus of the scientific search for extraterrestrial life



D) living beings will be found on one of Jupiter’s satellites



E) and Europa provide a great deal of evidence for a better understanding of the solar system



E) the search for extraterrestrial life in the universe will never be disrupted



TEST BİTTİ. CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



27



KAMU PERSONELİ YABANCI DİL BİLGİSİ SEVİYE TESPİT SINAVI (KPDS) 03 MAYIS 2009



İNGİLİZCE A KİTAPÇIĞI 1. B



26. D



51. D



76. E



2. E



27. E



52. C



77. B



3. C



28. C



53. E



78. E



4. D



29. B



54. A



79. A



5. E



30. E



55. C



80. C



6. A



31. A



56. A



81. D



7. C



32. E



57. E



82. B



8. B



33. B



58. B



83. A



9. C



34. C



59. E



84. D



10. D



35. D



60. C



85. C



11. C



36. A



61. E



86. B



12. E



37. C



62. B



87. A



13. A



38. B



63. D



88. E



14. B



39. C



64. C



89. A



15. D



40. B



65. B



90. D



16. C



41. E



66. E



91. D



17. A



42. A



67. B



92. C



18. D



43. C



68. A



93. A



19. B



44. E



69. D



94. E



20. A



45. D



70. A



95. A



21. E



46. B



71. D



96. C



22. A



47. A



72. C



97. B



23. C



48. C



73. B



98. E



24. E



49. D



74. A



99. D



25. C



50. A



75. E



100. C



A 2009 - KPDS Sonbahar / İNG 5. Located in Central Europe, Germany is ---- of the North German Plain, the Central German Uplands, and the Southern German Highlands.



1. – 15. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. 1. Many cell phones now have the same ---- as personal computers. A) functionality



B) ambition



C) care



D) worry



A) spread out



B) brought together



C) held out



D) made up E) taken down



E) attentiveness



6. Recent excavations in Algeria ---- that Homo erectus ---- there between 500,000 and 750,000 years ago.



2. During the 1970s, the West African state of Niger’s economy flourished from uranium production, but when uranium prices fell in the 1980s, its ---- period of prosperity ended. A) unpredictable



B) various



C) brief



D) excessive



A) have indicated / resided B) had indicated / has resided C) indicated / would reside



E) successive



D) could have indicated / had been residing E) indicate / had resided



3. ---- poor after World War II, Crete is now thriving from tourism. A) Necessarily



B) Adequately



C) Accurately



D) Tentatively 7. German Chancellor Merkel is under pressure from power companies, which ---- to invest in new power generation projects unless they ---- exempt from tough emission requirements.



E) Desperately



A) refused / have been B) refuse / are C) have refused / had been 4. Cities in China are growing fast as millions of people ---- to urban areas. A) gather



B) migrate D) issue



D) had refused / will be E) were refusing / are to be



C) occupy



E) increase



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



1



A 2009 - KPDS Sonbahar / İNG 12. The private sector in the Gulf states employs mostly expatriate workers, ---- the majority of nationals are employed in the public sector with higher wages and job protection.



8. Although she ---- properly yet, the recipient of the world’s first face transplant ---- well, according to the first scientific report of the operation. A) hadn’t smiled / would have done



A) so that



B) didn’t smile / will do



B) just as D) unless



C) doesn’t smile / may have done



C) while



E) in case



D) couldn’t have smiled / does E) can’t smile / is doing



13. A series of gas discoveries in recent years in the Western Desert of Egypt means that a range of new export projects must be developed ---- the country is to make full use of its new reserves.



9. To protect whales and dolphins ---- the coast of Hawaii, a court in California has temporarily banned the US navy from using powerful sonar equipment ---- a military exercise in the area.



A) lest



A) at / over



B) in / on



C) before / through



D) off / during



B) although D) as if



C) after



E) if



E) within / with



14. Hundreds of deep fjords that cut into the coastline give Norway an overall oceanfront of ---12,000 miles.



10. As it had in World War I, Argentina proclaimed neutrality ---- the outbreak of World War II, but in the closing phase it declared war ---- the Axis powers. A) over / after



B) for / with



C) at / on



D) about / through



A) more than



B) just as



C) the same as



D) so far as E) as well as



E) from / above



15. Made out of metal so that it conducts the charge, the lightning rod is usually located ---- high ---possible because of lightning’s tendency to strike the nearest object to it.



11. During the wars ---- followed the French Revolution, Belgium was occupied by France and later annexed. A) whether D) that



B) who



C) when E) as



A) so / as



B) as / as



C) more / than



D) both / and E) not only / but also



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



2



A 2009 - KPDS Sonbahar / İNG 16. – 20. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



21. – 25. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



Ever since Lord Curzon, a member of Britain’s World War I cabinet, (16)---- that the Allies “had floated to victory on a sea of oil,” major industrialized powers have sought oil security. For instance, an imperialist surge by Japan to secure oil supplies in East Asia resulted (17)---- the fateful attack on Pearl Harbour. The desire to control Middle East oil pushed the Soviet Union into Afghanistan, and led to Saddam Hussein’s (18)---- of Kuwait. And in his 1980 State of the Union speech, US President Jimmy Carter made clear America’s own oil-security policy (19)---- he described what would become known as the Carter Doctrine: “Any attempt by an outside force to gain control of the Persian Gulf region will be regarded as an assault on the (20)---- interests of the United States of America.”



Saturn and its 47 diverse moons have been (21)---the close watch of the Cassini probe since 2004. The probe’s main (22)---- in its planned 74 orbits is to gather detailed images of the second largest planet in our solar system, its icy moons and spectacular rings, (23)---- span (24)---- 272,000 kilometres. So far, the probe (25)---- some of the best images we have of Saturn, and provided astronomers with a wealth of new data.



21. A) under



B) in D) through



C) with E) over



16. A) declares



B) declared



C) has declared



D) would have declared



22.



E) would declare



A) stage



B) objection



C) assumption



D) controversy E) aim



17. A) in



B) within D) below



C) on



23.



E) of



A) whatever



B) where



D) which



C) who



E) whereas



18. A) purchase



B) exclusion



D) negotiation



C) invasion



E) illusion



24. A) completely



19.



B) almost



D) adversely A) in case



B) although D) when



C) largely



E) slightly



C) even if



E) so far as 25.



20. A) tedious



B) irrelevant D) vague



C) redundant



E) vital



A) is capturing



B) captures



C) has captured



D) had captured



E) will capture



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



3



A 2009 - KPDS Sonbahar / İNG 29. ----, but it failed to halt the rise of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi war machine.



26. – 35. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.



A) During World War II, France was split into a German-occupied north and an unoccupied south



26. If the cost of health benefits for working people in a country rises, ----.



B) Following World War II, France turned its attention to its African colonies, where there was a growing demand from the natives for independence



A) soaring health costs are one of the big factors that have crippled the economy B) usually employers cut wages or pass on the costs as higher prices to customers



C) After a series of extremely savage battles, Allied armies liberated France in August 1944 from the German occupation



C) firms should, in fact, be indifferent to whether they pay employees cash wages or benefits



D) In May 1940, the Germans marched into an undefended Paris, and in the following month the French government signed an armistice



D) those costs have nearly doubled this decade alone in many industrialized countries E) the current economic difficulties have forced politicians to focus on health reform



E) Beginning in 1919, French foreign policy aimed at keeping Germany weak through a system of alliances



27. ---- that bats use ultrasonic beams to follow insects through the dark.



30. Although there were plenty of sceptics when Mauritius tried a decade ago to become an offshore financial centre, ----.



A) A group of students are experimenting B) Scientists had wondered



A) it has partly attained its goal, since it now hosts 19 national and international banks



C) A great deal of evidence needs to be gathered D) It’s long been known



B) it has built a textile industry that has made the country relatively prosperous



E) Over the years, no scientist has questioned



C) last month it brought in a new labour law, making it easier to hire and fire D) it imports most of its food and energy as rising world prices are pushing up inflation



28. ----, while just 1.7 tonnes of corn yields the same result.



E) much of the economy remains concentrated in the hands of a few local magnates



A) A team of scientists has claimed that the traditional methods of production in plastics are extremely costly and have an adverse impact on the environment



31. In his opinion, poetry is essentially an effort to elude facts, ----.



B) It has been announced that a company in China, sponsored by the government, is planning to harvest plastics from crops of corn



A) since he had been regarded as a promising young poet



C) Eight tonnes of crude oil are currently needed to create one tonne of polyol, which is an alcoholic substance used in a number of plastics



B) whereas prose is essentially a means of unearthing and exhibiting them C) but his poems have been published in respectable literary journals



D) Scientists are now using a new type of microscope that lets them view internal structures of materials in greater detail than ever before



D) because many critics share the view that poets should be concerned with politics E) if many prose writers enjoy writing about social and cultural issues



E) The device the company’s scientists use utilizes X-ray analysis technology and reveals chemical compositions of objects being studied



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



4



A 2009 - KPDS Sonbahar / İNG 34. ----, it would be regarded as a disaster at home and abroad.



32. Missions to the Moon’s previously unvisited mountains and polar regions will aid the search for water, ----.



A) Since power generation in China fell by 7% last year



A) since the first crewed mission will be planned for the far side of the Moon



B) As India had enjoyed a big economic advantage over China



B) whereby test landings are scheduled to begin in 2010



C) Because unrest and even insurgency are widespread in many countries



C) which is vital to any future lunar base to be set up by NASA



D) If China’s growth rate were to fall to 5% or less



D) even if the mission aims to land astronauts on the surface of the Moon by 2015



E) While India is considered to be a major economic power



E) even though dense clouds of interstellar dust conceal the heart of our galaxy



35. In the early years of the global warming debate, there was great controversy over ----.



33. New radiocarbon dating of fossils suggests ----. A) that mass extinctions of mammoths and wild horses 10,000 years ago were caused by natural climate shifts



A) while China has been blamed for the climate crisis today B) although scientists have concluded that this warming is dangerous



B) whether humans were to blame for extensive destruction in the natural world and also for the pollution of the oceans



C) since the details of future forecasts about warming remain unclear



C) how scientists began to understand clearly what dinosaurs ate and why they disappeared from the face of the Earth



D) that warming would be a significant problem in the decades ahead



D) if an olive branch buried for thousands of years in volcanic ash could have revealed the fate of the great Minoan civilization on the Greek island of Thera



E) whether the planet was indeed warming



E) when it was scientifically established that dinosaurs belonged to a large group of reptiles called archosauria



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



5



A 2009 - KPDS Sonbahar / İNG 38. Deprived of the moderating effects of the oceans, much of Central Asia experiences bitterly cold winters and boiling hot summers.



36. – 40. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz.



A) Orta Asya çoğunlukla okyanusların yumuşatıcı etkilerinden uzak olduğu için, burada kışlar çok soğuk ve yazlar oldukça sıcak olur.



36. Despite the rapid industrialization of countries such as China and India, climate change is neither any one country’s fault nor any one country’s responsibility.



B) Orta Asya, okyanusların yumuşatıcı etkilerinden uzak olduğu için, pek çok bölgede kışlar oldukça sert ve yazlar da son derece sıcak geçer.



A) Çin ve Hindistan’ın hızlı sanayileşmesi nedeniyle oluşan iklim değişikliği, kesinlikle başka bir ülkenin suçu veya sorumluluğu değildir.



C) Orta Asya’nın pek çok bölgesinde kışların çok sert ve yazların çok sıcak geçmesi, okyanusların yumuşatıcı etkilerinin burada bulunmamasındandır.



B) Çin ve Hindistan gibi ülkelerin hızlı sanayileşmelerine rağmen, iklim değişikliği, ne herhangi tek bir ülkenin hatasıdır, ne de herhangi tek bir ülkenin sorumluluğudur.



D) Okyanusların yumuşatıcı etkilerinden yoksun olan Orta Asya’nın büyük bölümü, çok sert soğuk kışlar ve son derece sıcak yazlar yaşar.



C) Çin ve Hindistan dahil, pek çok ülkenin hızla sanayileşmesi sonucu ortaya çıkan iklim değişikliği, herhangi bir ülkenin suçu olmadığı gibi, sorumluluğu da değildir.



E) Orta Asya, okyanusların yumuşatıcı etkilerinden tamamiyle yoksundur ve dolayısıyla bu bölgede kışlar olabildiğince soğuk, yazlar ise dayanılmaz derecede sıcak geçer.



D) Tek bir ülkenin suçu veya sorumluluğu olmayan iklim değişikliği, Çin ve Hindistan dahil, pek çok ülkenin hızla sanayileşmesi sonucunda ortaya çıkmıştır. E) Çin ve Hindistan’ın yanı sıra, çeşitli ülkelerin hızla sanayileşmesi, iklim değişikliğine yol açmış olup, tek bir ülke suçlu veya sorumlu değildir.



37. America’s conventional military superiority has pushed its enemies inevitably towards insurgency to achieve their objectives.



39. There are still places in the world where one can go to dive and see very little indication of human impact.



A) Amerika’nın klasik askerî üstünlüğü, düşmanlarını, amaçlarını gerçekleştirmek için, kaçınılmaz olarak ayaklanmaya itmiştir.



A) Hâlâ dünyanın pek çok yerinde dalış yapılabilir ve insan etkisinin çok az belirtisi görülebilir. B) Dünyada hâlâ öyle yerler vardır ki dalış yapmak için buralara gidilebilir ve buralarda insan etkisinin çok az belirtisi görülebilir.



B) Klasik askerî gücü nedeniyle, Amerika’nın düşmanları, hedeflerine ulaşabilmek için, hiç çekinmeden ayaklanma yolunu seçmişlerdir.



C) Dalış yapmak için gidilebilecek ve insan etkisinin çok az görülebileceği yerleri dünyada hâlâ bulmak mümkündür.



C) Amerika’nın klasik askerî gücünü bilen düşmanları, amaçlarında başarılı olmak için, ister istemez ayaklanma yoluna gitmişlerdir.



D) Dünyada, insan etkisinin çok az olduğu ve dalış yapmak için gidilebilecek hâlâ pek çok yer bulunmaktadır.



D) Amerika’nın klasik askerî üstünlüğünün sonucu olarak, düşmanları, ayaklanma yoluna giderek, amaçlarına ulaşmayı benimsemişlerdir.



E) Dünyada, dalış yapmak için gidilebilecek ve insan etkisinin çok az belirtisi görülebilecek yerler hâlâ mevcuttur.



E) Amerika’nın klasik askerî gücünden çekinen düşmanları, ancak ayaklanma yoluyla hedeflerine ulaşabileceklerini fark etmişlerdir.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



6



A 2009 - KPDS Sonbahar / İNG 42. Çoğu bilim insanı, yıllarca, gezegenimizdeki ekolojik sistemlerin dengesinin gerçekten ne denli hassas olduğunun önemini kavramamıştır.



40. The Democratic Republic of Congo’s government set up a special commission last week to review at least 60 mining contracts signed in the last ten years.



A) For years, most scientists have underestimated just how delicate the balance of the ecological systems on our planet really is.



A) Son on yıl içinde imzalanmış olan 60 kadar madencilik sözleşmesi, Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti hükûmetinin geçen hafta oluşturmuş olduğu özel bir komisyonca incelenecektir.



B) The question as to whether the ecological systems on our planet have a delicate balance has in fact been overlooked for years by many scientists.



B) Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti hükûmetince geçen hafta kurulan özel komisyon, öncelikle son on yıl içinde imzalanmış olan 60 kadar madencilik sözleşmesini inceleyecektir.



C) The ecological systems on our planet are so delicate that, for years, most scientists have not really taken them into account.



C) Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti hükûmeti, son on yılda imzalanmış olan en az 60 madencilik sözleşmesini gözden geçirmek için, geçen hafta özel bir komisyon kurmuştur.



D) Our planet’s ecological systems, which are really extremely delicate, have been neglected for years by various scientists.



D) Son on yılda imzalanmış olan yaklaşık 60 madencilik sözleşmesinin gözden geçirilmesi amacıyla, Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti hükûmeti, özel bir komisyonu geçen hafta oluşturmuştur.



E) Many scientists have failed for years to understand that our planet’s ecological systems are indeed very delicate.



E) Geçen hafta Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti hükûmetince kurulan özel komisyonun amacı, son on yılda imzalanmış bulunan 60 kadar madencilik sözleşmesini değerlendirmektir.



41. – 45. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz.



43. Mevcut küresel kriz nedeniyle uluslararası ticaretin çökmesi, kalkınma iktisatçılarını, ticareti, bir büyüme motoru olarak görme konusunda kuşkulandırmıştır.



41. Tüm AB devletleri, Ekonomi ve Para Birliği’nin parçası olmalarına rağmen, AB ülkelerinin tümü, Avro bölgesinin parçası değildir.



A) The fact that trade is an engine of growth has been dismissed by development economists, since the current global crisis has caused the collapse of international trade.



A) Since the Economic and Monetary Union consists of all the EU states, the inclusion in the euro area of every EU country is not out of place.



B) The current global crisis has undermined international trade, and this has led development economists to scepticism about trade as a means of growth.



B) Although all EU states are part of the Economic and Monetary Union, not all EU countries are part of the euro area.



C) In view of the current global crisis and its adverse impact on international trade, many development economists have come to disregard trade as an engine of growth.



C) Even if EU states all make up the Economic and Monetary Union, the euro area does not include every EU country. D) Even though every EU country is not included in the euro area, the Economic and Monetary Union is made up of all the EU states.



D) Due to the current global crisis and the decline of international trade, development economists doubt whether trade can be regarded as an effective means of growth.



E) It is unlikely that every EU country, which is part of the Economic and Monetary Union, will also be part of the EU area.



E) The collapse of international trade due to the current global crisis has made development economists sceptical about regarding trade as an engine of growth.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



7



A 2009 - KPDS Sonbahar / İNG 44. Her yabancı yazarın Çin’e bakış açısı, içinde büyüdüğü ülke ile biçimlenir.



46. – 51. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz.



A) For a foreign writer, in order to have an opinion of China, he should first know his own country where he has grown up.



46. The Africans who go abroad to work usually send money back home to pay for their relatives’ medical care, education, and housing. Today, most African countries get the largest part of their foreign exchange earnings from such remittances. ---- Without this subsidy, Africa’s dictators would have to face the political consequences of an angry population.



B) A foreign writer’s attitude towards the Chinese is essentially inspired by the country in which he has grown up. C) How a foreign writer understands China depends a great deal on the country he originally comes from. D) Every foreign writer’s perspective on China is shaped by the country, in which he grew up.



A) In Africa, foreign aid goes mostly to those governments that have mismanaged their economies.



E) Before a foreign writer can understand China, he ought to focus in the first place on his own country in which he was born.



B) There are over three million Nigerians in the US and another one million in Britain. C) From a quarter to almost 50% of universityeducated graduates from Ghana, Uganda, and Kenya leave their countries to work in the West. D) Ironically, African citizens abroad subsidize state corruption. E) About three million middle-class Zimbabweans have migrated to South Africa since 1999.



45. OPEC’in ikinci en büyük petrol ihracatçısı olarak, İran, halkının artan enerji gereksinimlerini karşılamak amacıyla, sadece nükleer yakıt elde etmek için uranyumu zenginleştirmek istediğini iddia etmektedir.



47. The United States and its allies cannot remain in Afghanistan indefinitely. For them, building a capable Afghan security force and a credible Afghan government is the fastest and most responsible exit strategy. ---- On the other hand, a security force can only be as good as its government, and the Afghan government has been crippled by corruption. However, national elections scheduled for this year provide an incentive for the Afghan government to continue to improve.



A) Although Iran is the second largest oil exporting country in OPEC, it still continues to enrich uranium for the production of nuclear fuel and, thus, solve the rising energy crisis faced by its people. B) Iran, which is OPEC’s second largest oil exporter, is resolved to enrich uranium and, thus, make nuclear fuel so that the desperate energy needs of its people can be met.



A) Afghans’ greatest concerns are access to electricity, jobs, water, and education.



C) As OPEC’s second largest oil exporter, Iran claims that it wants to enrich uranium only to make nuclear fuel to meet the growing energy needs of its people.



B) Indeed, more US troops are absolutely necessary to defeat the insurgents in Afghanistan.



D) By enriching uranium, Iran, the second largest oil exporting OPEC member, intends to produce nuclear fuel in order to meet its people’s increasing energy needs.



C) It is a clear fact that Pakistan is connected to the Afghan insurgency. D) The Pakistani army remains primarily focused on the perceived threat from India.



E) Still OPEC’s second largest oil exporter, Iran claims that it wishes to produce nuclear fuel by enriching uranium for the growing energy needs of its people.



E) However, US efforts so far to reach a decision for a complete withdrawal have been mixed.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



8



A 2009 - KPDS Sonbahar / İNG 49. For decades, China has been content to let the invisible hand of the market work its magic on the country’s economy. But there’s one area where the government wants to reassert state control: healthcare. ---- Today, nearly 40 per cent of the population can’t afford to see a doctor. The average hospital stay for a Chinese citizen costs nearly as much as an individual’s annual per capita income in the country. Healthcare grievances have been at the heart of thousands of organized protests countrywide in recent years.



48. After more than 30 years without building a nuclear plant, US power companies are seeking licences for over 30 new reactors. In addition, more than 300 reactors have been proposed worldwide. Countries such as Egypt, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela have serious plans to build their first nuclear plant. ---A) In other parts of the world, some 40 reactors are already under construction, though many have been underway for decades with no end in sight. B) Annual emissions of greenhouse gases are expected to double by 2050, from a current 7 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide each year to more than 14 billion tonnes.



A) Some hospitals have had to hire security personnel to protect medical staff from angry mobs.



C) According to a recent report, nuclear power is a major solution to the West’s growing electricity needs, and increased nuclear use can substantially lower greenhouse gas emissions.



B) By comparison, Japanese pay just 15 per cent of their medical spending out of pocket. C) So the government has recently developed a strategy to provide affordable medical insurance to 90 per cent of its population by 2010.



D) On the contrary, a country’s use of nuclear power has much to do with government intervention, whether through state loans or streamlined regulations.



D) In fact, the free market reforms in China were first initiated in the late 1970s and early 1980s. E) The Chinese government has already met many of its economic goals and is now beginning to address scientific and technological development.



E) Therefore, global electricity demand is estimated to nearly double by 2030, with nuclear power currently accounting for about 15 per cent of global use.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



9



A 2009 - KPDS Sonbahar / İNG 51. Turkey offers much for the naturalist, with rich marine ecosystems, abundant birdlife, and elusive larger mammals. Especially the rugged eastern provinces and also the regions with thick forests harbour a large variety of these mammals. ---- The tulip is perhaps the most famous of these. The great diversity of plants stems not only from the variety of habitats, which include arid plains as well as mountains and temperate woodlands, but also from Turkey’s position as a “biological watershed” at the crossroads of Europe and Asia.



50. The African Union is well aware that, although Africa has enormous agricultural potential, it still remains a major food importer. The majority of Africans live in rural areas and depend on agriculture for their livelihood; but the performance of the agricultural sector has been dismal. In addition to internal and structural problems that each African country faces, external setbacks such as climate change and global economic instability have made the conditions worse for growth and development in all sectors, including agriculture. ----



A) There are huge tracts of unspoiled countryside, some of which have been set aside as national parks.



A) The vision of the African Union is to achieve an integrated, prosperous, well-governed, and peaceful United States of Africa.



B) Unfortunately, Turkish wetlands are under threat from dams, drainage, pollution, and climatic change.



B) These are some of the most serious issues that the African Union is determined to address as efficiently as possible.



C) The country’s position on the migratory flyways makes it a paradise for birdwatchers.



C) Africa seeks to promote existing and agreedupon shared values across the continent at individual, national, regional, and international levels.



D) The country is also floristically rich, with more than 11,000 plant species recorded. E) In winter, the country’s lakes and wetlands hold thousands of wintering wildfowl.



D) All the African countries wish to eliminate ongoing conflicts and prevent the occurrence of new ones in order to achieve development and integration. E) Some of the values cherished and upheld by each African nation are good governance, democracy, respect for human rights, accountability, and transparency.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



10



A 2009 - KPDS Sonbahar / İNG 54. As the chairman of a committee, you must call the members to an unscheduled but urgent meeting. So you phone them each and, with your apologies, inform them about the meeting. You say:



52. – 57. sorularda, verilen durumda söylenmiş olabilecek sözü bulunuz. 52. A colleague of yours seems worried that the paper he is going to present at an international conference contains a great deal of radical argument and that it may provoke the participants into strong objections and protests against his views. So you wish to lend your support for his views and encourage him to speak out confidently. You say:



A) I am wondering whether all the committee members will be available to attend a meeting later today. B) This is your chairman calling. We are going to have a meeting, which I want you to attend without any excuse.



A) I suggest you get rid of all these provocative ideas, since many people at the conference will oppose you vehemently and try to silence you.



C) As a committee, we have to come together immediately. I am sorry about this, as it is contrary to our usual practice.



B) Your views may be provocative and, therefore, displease others, but I know they are sound. So don’t be discouraged.



D) Our committee needs to meet as soon as possible. I am sure you have no objection whatsoever.



C) It is incomprehensible to me why you should always attempt to provoke other people and, in a way, subvert the conference.



E) I am asking you and the other members to come to my office right away for a meeting. No one must be absent.



D) Everybody knows that you are a radical and always cause trouble at international academic gatherings. So I advise you to be careful. E) This conference you are going to attend is not the right occasion for you to express your provocative views. I would advise you not to get involved in a row.



53. As a literary critic, you are asked to express briefly your opinion of a novel recently published. You have read the novel and noticed some structural and stylistic defects in it. So you say: A) I am fully convinced that, like me, other critics will be much impressed by the novel as it deals with serious issues. B) In my opinion, it will take a long time before the novel really draws the attention of the reading public.



55. You have been invited to give a talk on the current global economic crisis. Yet you feel that, following your talk, there will be questions which may get you involved in a domestic political debate. Since you don’t wish to be part of such a debate, you decide to decline the invitation. So you say: A) I am afraid my talk on the current crisis in the world economy may in the end turn into a controversy over domestic politics, which is not what I want. So you will have to excuse me from giving the talk. B) Before I can accept your invitation for a talk on the world economy, you must assure me that there will be no questions concerning domestic politics.



C) With regard to the novel, I should stress in the first place that the author’s portrayal of the characters is very disappointing indeed. D) Although the author of the novel has a great deal of capacity for creativity, he is so much under the influence of other novelists that he lacks originality. E) As far as I am concerned, it is not a very successful novel, as it lacks clarity and has certain plot problems.



C) I know out of experience that such issues as the current economic crisis in the world are extremely controversial, and I am absolutely sure that questions will be asked about domestic policies. D) There is no doubt that the world economic crisis has its adverse impact on domestic policies, which I wouldn’t like to touch on in my talk. E) I have decided mainly to focus in my talk on the global effects of the current economic crisis, but I am also prepared to answer questions concerning domestic political issues.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



11



A 2009 - KPDS Sonbahar / İNG 57. You are lecturing on the Industrial Revolution and the economic changes it brought about in England in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. You conclude your lecture by saying:



56. You’ve lent a friend of yours one of the reference books in your own personal library, which you often use for your own research. Although he promised you to return it soon, he hasn’t done so, and you need the book urgently. You are upset and say to him:



A) So, to wrap up, the Industrial Revolution at the th end of the 18 century and thereafter altered not only the foundations of the economy but also the very assumptions with which people approached economics.



A) Should you need other books for reference, you just let me know, and you needn’t worry about returning the book soon, which I have already lent you. B) I hope the book I gave you has been most useful for your research; you can give it back to me when you don’t need it any longer. C) Since you haven’t kept your word about the book you borrowed from me, I am really angry; it is an indispensable source for my research, and I need it now. D) Since my library has a number of reference books, you can borrow them whenever you need them, and you needn’t hurry to return the one I’ve lent you. E) You said you would return the reference book I lent you. It is alright; I am using other sources for my research.



B) Moreover, one can suggest that Britain in the 18th and 19th centuries had ample supplies of coal and a well-developed network of canals, all of which proved important for industrialization. C) In fact, by the end of the 18th century and the th early 19 century, London had become the leading centre for international trade and a headquarters for the transfer of raw materials, capital, and manufactured products throughout the world. D) Actually, the Industrial Revolution began with dramatic technological leaps in a few industries towards the end of the 18th century and the early 19th century, the first of which was cotton textiles. E) Undoubtedly, at the end of the 18th century and during the early decades of the 19th century, expanding networks of trade and finance in Britain created new markets for goods and new sources of raw materials.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



12



A 2009 - KPDS Sonbahar / İNG 58. – 63. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. 58. (I) Although about 1,400 seed banks exist worldwide, Norway’s massive Svalbard Global Seed Vault dwarfs them all and aims to safeguard duplicates of the seeds. (II) Stored seeds are frequently lost because of natural disasters, war, and warm temperatures. (III) However, the United Nations predicts that 70% of the world’s population will live in urban areas by 2050. (IV) So, Svalbard was built to withstand these challenges. (V) The facility is remote, located 1,000 kilometres beyond mainland Norway’s northernmost tip. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



B) II



C) III



D) IV



B) II



C) III



D) IV



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



62. (I) Ancient Lycia lay in the mountainous area between modern Fethiye and Antalya. (II) It wasn’t a single country, but a federation of 19 independent cities. (III) The people of Lycia must have regarded burials as an important aspect of their religion, for they cut hundreds of tombs into cliff faces and crags that can be seen throughout the area today. (IV) These tombs were probably copies of domestic architecture, intended as houses for the dead. (V) Not much is known about the early history of Patara, although it was an influential member of the Lycian League. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



E) V



60. (I) In 1991, the United States and the Soviet Union signed a historic treaty reducing their stockpiles of nuclear warheads by about a third. (II) The Obama administration has not “lost its way” despite the myriad problems left behind by the previous administration. (III) The treaty, known as “START” (The Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty), was signed in Moscow by US President George Bush and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev. (IV) At a joint news conference after the signing ceremony, both Mr Bush and Mr Gorbachev strongly and enthusiastically praised the treaty. (V) Especially, Mr Bush described it as “a significant step forward in dispelling half a century of mistrust.” A) I



A) I



E) V



59. (I) On 26 July 1956, Egypt seized the Suez Canal. (II) Egypt’s president at the time, Colonel Gamal Abdel Nasser, announced the nationalization of the Suez Canal Company. (III) His main aim was to provide funding for the construction of the Aswan High Dam. (IV) Violence is endemic in the Middle East even as the geopolitical landscape is changing rapidly. (V) His unilateral decision led to the invasion of the Canal area by a joint British and French force. A) I



61. (I) When we exercise, our body naturally produces heat. (II) Exercising in extreme temperatures therefore provides an added stress on our body to cool down. (III) In fact, our body cools down by redirecting the flow of blood to the skin, so the evaporation of sweat can dissipate heat from the blood. (IV) Unfortunately, individuals who take part in outdoor activities such as tennis, golf, or running are at greater risk of physical injury. (V) However, when the climate is humid, sweat cannot evaporate from the skin, and the body struggles to cool down.



63. (I) Sprawling across a vast plain at an altitude of almost 2,000 metres and ringed by mountains, Erzurum is one of Turkey’s coldest cities. (II) It is also by far the most developed city in the region. (III) Erzincan’s history has been marked by earthquakes, notably those of 1939 and 1992. (IV) Because it was located astride the main caravan route from India to Europe and controlled the passage between the Caucasus and Anatolia, Erzurum was fought over and ruled by many peoples from the Byzantines to the Ottomans. (V) Yet its most famous sights date from Seljuk times. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



E) V



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



13



A 2009 - KPDS Sonbahar / İNG 66. The eighteenth century witnessed the last phase of Baroque music and had two of the greatest composers of all time: Bach and Handel.



64. – 69. sorularda, verilen cümleye anlamca en yakın olan cümleyi bulunuz.



A) The eighteenth century was noted for its interest in Baroque music, and at the time both Bach and Handel were the most notable representatives of this music.



64. At the end of World War II, Algerian nationalists called on the Allies to recognize Algeria’s independence in return for their good service during the war.



B) It was in the eighteenth century that Baroque music became most popular and that Bach and Handel were recognized as the most famous composers of the time.



A) When World War II ended, Algerian nationalists, claiming that Algeria had made a useful contribution during the war, appealed to the Allies to acknowledge as right the independence of their country.



C) Bach and Handel were so admired in the eighteenth century that they were regarded as the greatest composers of Baroque music.



B) As soon as World War II ended, the Allies were approached by Algerian nationalists to grant independence to Algeria, since they had benefited from the resources of the country. C) Algerian nationalists had served the Allies so well during World War II that, as soon as the war ended, they expected them to grant full independence. D) Following World War II, in which Algeria had played a useful part, the Allies were required by Algerian nationalists to grant independence to their country.



D) Baroque music reached its final stage of development in the eighteenth century, which also produced Bach and Handel, regarded as the greatest composers ever. E) The development of Baroque music reached its climax in the eighteenth century when, as the greatest Baroque composers, Bach and Handel created the best of their music.



E) Since Algeria had offered the Allies various services during World War II, Algerian nationalists were keen to secure with Allied support the independence of their country.



67. The attack on the World Trade Center in 2001 gave the term “globalization” a new and frightening meaning.



65. The increasing wealth of late medieval Europe transformed the social structure of European society. A) Europe in the Middle Ages accumulated much wealth, and this was due to new developments in European social life. B) In the late Middle Ages, Europe became increasingly rich, and this led to a structural change in society. C) The social changes witnessed in Europe towards the end of the Middle Ages were wholly related to contemporary economic prosperity. D) European society in the late Middle Ages underwent a process of change due to the rise of wealthy classes.



A) When the World Trade Center was attacked in 2001, the meaning of the term “globalization” changed completely. B) Because of the attack in 2001 on the World Trade Center, the term “globalization” has acquired a meaning which is both horrific and unusual. C) The usual meaning of the term “globalization” was further broadened by the terrifying attack in 2001 on the World Trade Center. D) The term “globalization” has lost its usual meaning in the aftermath of the attack in 2001 on the World Trade Center. E) Following the attack in 2001 on the World Trade Center, further meanings have been given to the term “globalization.”



E) It was at the close of the Middle Ages that Europe experienced a major social and economic transformation.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



14



A 2009 - KPDS Sonbahar / İNG 68. The city of Port Elizabeth lies in one of South Africa’s poorest provinces, a region burdened with 40 per cent unemployment.



70. – 75. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz.



A) The city of Port Elizabeth is situated in a province in South Africa that is one of the poorest, suffering from an unemployment rate of 40 per cent.



70. Susan: - Do you know that every year 130 million tonnes of America’s trash ends up in landfills?



B) The province in which lies the city of Port Elizabeth is completely underdeveloped due to a 40 per cent rate of unemployment.



Harry: - Oh, yes, I certainly do, and more than that. Susan: - ----



C) The city of Port Elizabeth is so poor that the province in which it is situated has an unemployment rate of 40 per cent.



Harry: - Well, together all these landfills emit more of the greenhouse gas methane than any other human-related source.



D) One of the least prosperous provinces in South Africa is that of Port Elizabeth, where unemployment has risen to 40 per cent.



A) Is it true that some American building companies use inorganic refuse such as metals in roadbeds and heavy construction?



E) South Africa has several least developed provinces, in one of which lies the city of Port Elizabeth, with a rate of 40 per cent unemployment.



B) Do you mean engineers have developed an efficient way of dealing with trash? C) What do you mean exactly? You seem to be implying something. D) America produces more trash than any other country in the world, doesn’t it?



69. With an economic growth over the past decade of nearly 50 per cent, Ireland enjoys a level of prosperity greater than that of Britain.



E) Don’t you think such a huge volume of trash can be processed to produce electricity?



A) Unlike Britain, Ireland has much prosperity since it has done its best over the past decade to achieve an economic growth of 50 per cent. B) Ireland’s prosperity, which is much higher than that of Britain, has led to a 50 per cent rate of economic growth over the past decade. C) Both Britain and Ireland enjoy a high level of prosperity, which has resulted from a 50 per cent rate of economic growth over the last ten years. D) Ireland’s economic growth over the past decade has been just 50 per cent, and this has led the country to a level of prosperity which is comparable to that of Britain. E) During the past ten years, Ireland achieved almost 50 per cent economic growth, which has enabled it to become more prosperous than Britain.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



15



A 2009 - KPDS Sonbahar / İNG 73. Mary: - The other day I was reading an interesting article on “the Black Death.”



71. John: - For our investments, we should consider tourism as a new area. Edmund: - Agreed. In fact, tourism has now become the world’s biggest industry.



Tony: - You mean the terrible plague that devastated Europe in the 14th century?



John: - ----



Mary: - ----



Edmund: - I certainly think so. Therefore, it is of vital importance for the economies of many of the world’s poorest nations.



Tony: - Also throughout villages, towns and cities. As a result, the population of Europe was cut nearly in half.



A) Moreover, travel enriches one’s life. Don’t you agree?



A) Right. I didn’t know that its effects were worst in confined places like hospitals, prisons, and monasteries.



B) Actually, it fuels economic growth, doesn’t it?



B) According to a contemporary account, the city of Florence lost 96,000 people between March and October of 1348.



C) Do you believe that travelling broadens our experience of the world? D) Furthermore, tourism enables people to explore other cultures and geographies. Right?



C) European men and women were convinced that the plague had been sent as a divine punishment.



E) Yes, true. Yet, worldwide mobility because of tourism has its drawbacks. Do you agree?



D) However, as one learns from the article, the plague did not last long, but actually began to dissipate by 1351.



72. Bill: - As a firm, we are doing our best for fuel improvement.



E) I feel that more study must be made of the social and political impact the plague had on medieval Europe in general.



Bob: - Indeed, we must develop new technologies to reduce the environmental impact of gasoline and diesel. Bill: - ---Bob: - Yes, of course. Also you know we have already developed an innovative formula designed to help reduce fuel consumption. A) Have other firms been investing in long-term solutions like hydrogen fuel? B) Can you tell me how we can produce fuels from lots of different sources in order to meet the growing demand? C) Don’t you think the solution is a combination of cleaner fuels and cleaner engines? D) How can we produce lead-free and low-sulphur fuels? E) Is the burning of coal and gas for lighting, heating, and cooking one of the causes of local air pollution?



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



16



A 2009 - KPDS Sonbahar / İNG 75. Winston: - What does the term “global village” really mean?



74. Malcolm: - I believe a great deal of research needs to be made of Martin Luther King and his ideas. Jacob: - I fully agree with you, since he was the preeminent figure in the civil rights movements started by blacks in the United States during the 1960s. Malcolm: - ---Jacob: - On the contrary. Fundamentally, he aspired to a fully integrated nation of all the Americans. A) Before King, various civil rights groups in America had started to organize boycotts and demonstrations to condemn racial discrimination against blacks in all walks of life.



Stanley: - Oh, well, it is essentially related to the global flow of information. Winston: - ---Stanley: - Alright, I will try. Beginning in the 1990s, increasingly sophisticated computers have brought people into instant communication over the internet with each other across continents in new cultural and political settings, and this has had a great impact on the everyday lives of men and women around the world. A) In other words, are you suggesting that advances in electronic technologies have provided new worldwide platforms and connections for commercial interests?



B) Unfortunately, his inspiring career as a defender of civil rights in America was tragically ended by assassination in 1968.



B) Do you mean the wide-ranging effects of information technologies on political struggles around the globe?



C) In fact, civil rights laws passed under President Lyndon B. Johnson in the 1960s did bring American blacks some measure of equality with regard to voting rights.



C) Are you saying that electronic systems and devices designed to create, store and share information have become more powerful and accessible?



D) Yes, of course. Yet, he’s been accused of seeking complete independence from white society.



D) Are you claiming that embattled ethnic minorities have found worldwide audiences through on-line campaign sites?



E) As you know, the civil rights movements of the 1960s in America clearly showed the chasm between the egalitarian promises of American democracy and the real inequalities at the core of American social and political life.



E) What does that exactly mean? Can you be more specific?



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



17



A 2009 - KPDS Sonbahar / İNG 77. As clearly stressed in the passage, the world economy ----.



76. – 80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) underwent a process of radical change after 1970, with markets quickly intergrating



A key feature of globalization has been the transformation of the world economy, highlighted by the rapid integration of markets since 1970. In a series of historic changes, the international agreements that had regulated the movement of people, goods, and money since World War II were overturned. To begin with, the postwar economic arrangements sealed by various treaties steadily eroded in the late 1960s, as Western industrial nations faced a double burden of inflation and economic stagnation. A crucial shift in monetary policy occurred in 1971, when the United States abandoned the postwar gold standard and allowed the dollar to range freely. As a result, formal regulations on currencies, international banking, and lending among states faded away. They were replaced with an informal network of arrangements managed autonomously by large private lenders, their political friends in leading Western states, and independent financial agencies such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. The economists and administrators who dominated these new networks steered away from the interventionist policies that had shaped postwar planning and recovery. Instead, they relied on a broad range of market-driven models termed “neoliberalism.”



B) has never recovered from the adverse effects of inflation since World War II C) is now fully managed only by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank D) was affected by globalization for only a relatively short period after 1970 E) is constantly manipulated by the United States and other leading Western countries



78. It is clearly pointed out in the passage that the United States’ decision in 1971 to give up the postwar gold standard ----.



76. It is indicated in the passage that the economic performance in the postwar period ----.



A) greatly undermined the process of globalization in the following decades and has since led the world economy into a serious crisis



A) totally eliminated the economic stagnation experienced by Western industrial nations B) primarily depended on policies formulated by the International Monetary Fund C) was mainly based on policies that allowed state intervention



B) has been the primary cause of the chronic inflation and economic stagnation faced by the rest of the world



D) was so good that leading industrial states remained indifferent to neoliberalism



C) was essentially inspired by new economic models based on free-market policies and neoliberal practices



E) had a positive impact on the development of international banking



D) was extremely important, since it overturned international currency and banking regulations E) was the natural outcome of the wide range of economic arrangements made in the postwar period in the West



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



18



A 2009 - KPDS Sonbahar / İNG 80. It is suggested in the passage that neoliberalism ----.



79. As can be understood from the passage, the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank ----.



A) signifies the economic policies that have been practised by the West since World War II



A) have always been regarded with suspicion by industrialized Western nations



B) is a term that refers to widely different models of the market economy



B) develop policies that give priority to state intervention in the management of the economy



C) has always been disregarded by World Bank economists and administrators



C) have always introduced new formal regulations for currencies and international banking



D) is primarily concerned with the free movement of people and goods in the world



D) recruit only those economists who strongly support interventionist economic policies



E) has been more dominant in the United States than in any of the other industrial nations



E) are financial bodies that are free from any intervention by an outside authority



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



19



A 2009 - KPDS Sonbahar / İNG 82. It is clear from the passage that Iraq’s invasion of Iran ----.



81. – 85. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. During the latter part of 1980, Iraq invaded Iran and hoped to seize its southern oil fields. Iran counterattacked. The result was a murderous eightyear conflict marked by the use of chemical weapons and human waves of young Iranian radicals fighting the Soviet-armed Iraqis. The war ended with Iran’s defeat, but not the collapse of its theocratic regime. In the short term, their long defence of Iranian nationalism left the mullahs more entrenched at home, while abroad they used their oil revenues to back grass-roots radicalism in Lebanon and militants elsewhere who engaged in anti-Western terrorism. Over the years, the strongest threats to the Iranian regime ultimately have come from within, from a new generation of young students and workers who have discovered that their prospects for prosperity and democratic rights have not changed much since the days of the shah.



A) led to a war, which, in the end, settled the issue of the southern oil fields B) was sheer aggression, motivated by an economic purpose C) significantly weakened the authority of the Iranian mullahs D) was strongly opposed by the Soviet government of the time E) provoked Iranian students and workers into antiregime demonstrations



83. As can be seen from the passage, the war between Iran and Iraq ----.



81. According to the passage, the Iranian regime ----. A) has always been aware of the need to grant to the people their democratic rights



A) lasted under a decade and caused a great deal of bloodshed



B) was adversely affected by the war with Iraq and lost much of its power



B) was actually a war of attrition, with no victory for either side



C) has introduced radical economic policies to increase its oil revenues



C) greatly undermined the prosperity of the Iranian people



D) has failed to gain the unanimous support of the people in the country



D) made it necessary for the Iranian regime to use all its oil revenues for weapons



E) wholly relies on young radicals in the country, who are inspired by nationalism



E) was fought on both sides with weapons provided by the Soviets



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



20



A 2009 - KPDS Sonbahar / İNG 85. According to the passage, some segments of Iranian society have ultimately become aware of the fact that ----.



84. It is stressed in the passage that, with the money earned from oil exports, Iran ----. A) financed a series of projects to strengthen nationalism among young radicals



A) the Iran-Iraq war resulted from the Iranian regime’s failure to cooperate with Iraq



B) made huge investments to upgrade the capacity of its southern oil fields



B) the Iranian government is wasting the country’s oil revenues on unfeasible projects



C) re-armed its army and, thus, was able to resist the Iraqi invasion



C) the new Iranian regime has not met their economic and political expectations



D) carried out economic reforms to improve the living standards of its people



D) the future of the regime in the country fundamentally depends on young radicals



E) sponsored radical political movements in other countries



E) the power of the mullahs in the country is not so strong as has generally been assumed



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



21



A 2009 - KPDS Sonbahar / İNG 87. As suggested in the passage, in medieval Europe before 1270, ----.



86. – 90. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Spanish and Portuguese sailors had attempted to explore the west coast of Africa and enslave the natives



Until the late thirteenth century, European maritime commerce had been divided between a Mediterranean and a North Atlantic world. Starting around 1270, however, Italian merchants began to sail through the Strait of Gibraltar and on to the woolproducing regions of England and the Netherlands. This was the essential first step in the extension of Mediterranean commerce and colonization into the Atlantic Ocean. The second step was the discovery by Genoese sailors, during the fourteenth century, of the Atlantic island chains known as the Canaries and the Azores. Efforts to colonize the Canary Islands and to convert and enslave their inhabitants began almost immediately. But an effective conquest of the Canary Islands did not begin until the fifteenth century, when it was undertaken by Portugal and completed by Spain. The Canaries, in turn, became the base from which further Portuguese voyages down the west coast of Africa proceeded. They were also the “jumping-off point” from which Christopher Columbus would sail westward across the Atlantic Ocean in hopes of reaching Asia.



B) only Italian merchants had had the monopoly to import wool from England and the Netherlands C) some daring attempts had been made to conquer and colonize the Canaries and the Azores D) there had been two major zones for maritime trade: the Mediterranean and the North Atlantic E) there had been continual efforts especially by the Portuguese to convert West African natives to Christianity



86. It is clear from the passage that the European discovery and conquest of the Canary Islands in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries ----.



88. It is asserted in the passage that, in the late thirteenth century, ----.



A) actually had no commercial and maritime significance, but became the major cause of rivalry between Portugal and Spain



A) Italian merchants were first able to carry their Mediterranean trade into England and the Netherlands



B) strategically paved the way for further explorations along coastal West Africa and across the Atlantic Ocean



B) the Strait of Gibraltar gained so much strategic importance that it became a territorial issue between Spain and Portugal



C) could have been prevented if the natives had been politically united to resist conversion and colonization



C) the Europeans soon realized that there was a great deal of profit to be made by slave trade across the Atlantic



D) caused so much excitement across Europe that especially Italian merchants were keen to use the islands as their commercial base



D) both England and the Netherlands emerged as the only major colonizing powers in the North Atlantic



E) had an adverse impact on the Netherlands’ maritime trade with England and other countries in northern Europe



E) the Italians absolutely dominated the trade in the Mediterranean and strongly opposed other nations’ attempts to benefit from it



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



22



A 2009 - KPDS Sonbahar / İNG 90. As can be inferred from the passage, Christopher Columbus ----.



89. As stated in the passage, the Canary Islands ----. A) were more densely populated than the Azores, which played no part in transatlantic trade B) had already been Christianized before they were discovered and colonized C) were not so important as the Azores in the increase of trade along the West African coast



A) hoped that his westward voyage across the Atlantic would ultimately take him to Asia B) learned much from Genoese sailors about the locations of the Canaries and the Azores C) had taken part earlier in Portuguese voyages down the west coast of Africa



D) did not interest Christopher Columbus at all in his voyages across the Atlantic



D) paid little attention to the strategic and economic importance of the Canary Islands



E) were subjected to colonization soon after they were discovered by the Genoese



E) always dreamed of completely controlling all the maritime commerce with Asia



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



23



A 2009 - KPDS Sonbahar / İNG 92. It is suggested in the passage that, in their view of slavery, the Romans ----.



91. – 95. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Like nearly all the peoples of the ancient world, the Romans took slavery for granted. Nothing in Rome’s earlier experience had prepared it, however, for the huge increase in slave numbers that resulted from its western and eastern conquests. In 146 B.C., fifty-five thousand Carthaginians were enslaved after the destruction of their city; not long before, one hundred and fifty thousand Greek prisoners of war had met the same fate. By the end of the second century B.C., there were a million slaves in Italy alone, making Roman Italy one of the most slave-based economies known to history. The majority of these slaves worked as agricultural labourers on the vast estates of the Roman aristocracy. Some of these estates were the result of earlier Roman conquests within Italy itself. But others were constructed by aristocrats buying up the land holdings of thousands of small farmers who found themselves unable to compete with the great estate-owners in producing grain for the market.



A) attached a great deal of importance to the military value of slaves B) had largely been inspired by the Greeks and some eastern peoples C) were not so sophisticated as the other peoples of the ancient world D) began to follow a different policy only after they had enslaved the Carthaginians E) did not differ much from other ancient peoples



93. It is implied in the passage that the early Romans ----.



91. It is pointed out in the passage that, in ancient Rome, ----. A) aristocrats always had the right to determine grain prices for the market



A) had no notion of slavery and knew nothing about it



B) most aristocrats preferred small farmers to slaves as labourers on their farms



B) were not interested in farming and, therefore, imported their grain



C) the production of grain was solely the responsibility of large numbers of small farmers



C) were so opposed to aristocrats that they protected small farmers against them



D) it was aristocrats that owned huge amounts of farming lands



D) had one political goal: to conquer all the other peoples east and west



E) aristocrats were so hostile to small farmers that they drove them off their lands



E) had always been on friendly terms with all the peoples of the ancient world



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



24



A 2009 - KPDS Sonbahar / İNG 95. As emphasized in the passage, slaves in ancient Rome ----.



94. It is clear from the passage that, when the Romans began to extend their conquests, ----.



A) were totally of Greek and Carthaginian origin



A) they were seriously resisted by the Greeks, who had no fear of them



B) made up the backbone of the Roman economy



B) their immediate aim was to conquer and enslave the Carthaginians



C) formed what the author calls “small farmers”



C) it led to an enormous increase in the number of slaves



D) were so great in number that aristocrats were uneasy about them



D) they depended heavily on slaves for their military campaigns



E) knew farming so well that they produced grain in huge amounts



E) it greatly pleased the Roman aristocracy, since they were able to own new estates



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



25



A 2009 - KPDS Sonbahar / İNG 97. According to the passage, the harmony of the dome and the square base on which the dome rested ----.



96. – 100. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. The finest example of Byzantine architecture is the church of Saint Sophia (Holy Wisdom) in İstanbul, constructed by the emperor Justinian in the sixth century. Evidently, its structural design was something altogether new in the history of architecture. The central feature of the design was the application of the dome principle to a building of square shape. The church was designed in the form of a cross, with a magnificent dome over its central square. The main problem for the architects was how to fit the circumference of the dome to the square area it was supposed to cover. The solution was to have four great arches spring from pillars at the four corners of the square. The rim of the dome was then made to rest on the keystones of the arches, with the curved triangular spaces between the arches filled with masonry. The result was an architectural framework of marvellous strength, which at the same time made possible a style of imposing grandeur and delicacy. The dome itself has a diametre of 107 feet and rises to a height of nearly 180 feet from the floor. So many windows are placed around its rim that the dome appears to have no support at all but to be suspended in midair.



96. As emphasized in the passage, the design of the church of Saint Sophia in İstanbul ensured that ----.



A) had been a common feature of Byzantine architecture before Saint Sophia B) was made possible by the use of four great arches C) was never regarded as a crucial issue in the construction of Saint Sophia D) was not adequately taken into consideration during the design of Saint Sophia E) has always been a major problem throughout the history of architecture



98. It is claimed in the passage that Byzantine architecture ----.



A) it would serve as a model for the design of new churches in the future



A) was still in its early stage during the reign of Emperor Justinian



B) Emperor Justinian was greatly pleased by its structure and grandeur



B) began to improve and further develop after the construction of Saint Sophia



C) the rim of the dome had to have many windows to let sunlight in



C) was greatly influenced by the architecture that preceded the sixth century



D) the weight of the dome had to be reduced by four great pillars



D) is best represented and exemplified by the church of Saint Sophia



E) architecturally its structure was unique and entirely unprecedented



E) always made use of masonry in the construction of buildings with grandeur



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



26



A 2009 - KPDS Sonbahar / İNG 99. As suggested in the passage, the perfect combination of the dome and the arches in Saint Sophia ----.



100. It is clear that the passage ----. A) is a concise description of Saint Sophia’s architectural features and overall excellence



A) seemed to the architects to be precarious since the dome, with a diametre of 107 feet, was of an immense size and weight



B) mainly focuses on the distinctive aspects of Byzantine architecture in the sixth century



B) was somewhat spoiled by the curved triangular spaces that could be seen between the arches



C) gives a detailed account of Emperor Justinian’s support for the construction of Saint Sophia



C) gave it not only amazing strength but also impressive magnificence and gracefulness



D) discusses how Byzantine architects came to use the dome as a major structural element



D) enabled the architects to design and construct the whole structure in the form of a cross



E) explains the reasons why Saint Sophia was designed in the form of a cross



E) gave the architects themselves the impression that the dome was suspended in midair, with no support whatsoever



TEST BİTTİ. CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



27



KAMU PERSONELİ YABANCI DİL BİLGİSİ SEVİYE TESPİT SINAVI (KPDS) 22 KASIM 2009



İNGİLİZCE A KİTAPÇIĞI 1. A



26. B



51. D



76. C



2. C



27. D



52. B



77. A



3. E



28. C



53. E



78. D



4. B



29. E



54. C



79. E



5. D



30. A



55. A



80. B



6. A



31. B



56. C



81. D



7. B



32. C



57. A



82. B



8. E



33. A



58. C



83. A



9. D



34. D



59. D



84. E



10. C



35. E



60. B



85. C



11. D



36. B



61. D



86. B



12. C



37. A



62. E



87. D



13. E



38. D



63. C



88. A



14. A



39. E



64. A



89. E



15. B



40. C



65. B



90. A



16. B



41. B



66. D



91. D



17. A



42. A



67. B



92. E



18. C



43. E



68. A



93. A



19. D



44. D



69. E



94. C



20. E



45. C



70. C



95. B



21. A



46. D



71. B



96. E



22. E



47. E



72. C



97. B



23. D



48. A



73. A



98. D



24. B



49. C



74. D



99. C



25. C



50. B



75. E



100. A



KAMU PERSONEL SEÇME SINAVI (A GRUBU VE ÖĞRETMENLİK) 27 HAZİRAN 2009



YABANCI DİL TESTİ-İNGİLİZCE A KİTAPÇIĞI 1. E



21. B



41. A



2. D



22. A



42. B



3. C



23. C



43. D



4. E



24. E



44. A



5. B



25. D



45. C



6. D



26. B



46. A



7. A



27. E



47. D



8. D



28. D



48. A



9. E



29. E



49. C



10. B



30. C



50. E



11. C



31. A



51. B



12. E



32. B



52. C



13. A



33. C



53. E



14. D



34. B



54. D



15. B



35. D



55. A



16. C



36. C



56. C



17. B



37. E



57. B



18. D



38. A



58. D



19. A



39. C



59. A



20. E



40. D



60. C



A İNGİLİZCE 2009 - KPSS / YD-CS 5. In some cities in the United States, traffic lights ---- distinctive sounds so that a blind person will know when it is safe to cross an intersection.



1. – 13. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



A) set up 1. A ---- of courses are now available to help students get ahead in the music business and make money from music. A) step



B) level



B) give off D) get out



C) show off



E) make up



C) frequency



D) state



E) range



2. The most expensive new technological devices in the world are becoming more ---- and showing up in some unlikely places. A) defensive



B) fragile



C) admirable



D) accessible



6. Without proper financing, big construction projects can ---- short before the completion date.



E) distinct



A) look after



B) pass away



C) hold up



D) come up E) break down



3. The closeness of the hotel to the business district, government offices, embassies and shopping centres makes it one of the most ---located hotels in the city. A) previously



B) dangerously



C) conveniently



D) decisively E) accurately



7. The latest scientific studies ---- small children usually ---- greater taste sensitivity than adults.



4. As China has recently become a leading economic power in Asia, the industrialized countries of the West have ---- their own production capacity to maintain their lead.



A) have found / possess B) found / had possessed



A) rejected



B) forgotten



C) find / will possess



C) neglected



D) approached



D) will find / have possessed



E) upgraded



E) had found / possessed



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



30



A 2009 - KPSS / YD-CS 11. It has been four centuries since the Catholic Church condemned Galileo Galilei ---- declaring that the earth revolved ---- the sun.



8. Recent evidence ---- that dinosaurs ---- warmblooded and capable of moving extremely fast. A) has suggested / can be B) will suggest / would be C) suggested / should have been



A) about / from



B) against / with



C) for / around



D) with / near E) on / through



D) suggests / may have been E) had suggested / might be



12. ---- African nations got their independence, the first thing they did was to change place names in their countries.



9. The basin of the Amazon River ---- by rainforests and, therefore, ---- the wettest region on Earth. A) had been covered / would be



A) Just as



B) If



B) was covered / had been



C) Although



D) Until



C) covers / has been



E) When



D) was covering / was E) is covered / is



10. Andrew Mango, who wrote a detailed biography ---- Atatürk in 1999, has always had a close interest ---- the history of modern Turkey. A) about / for



B) of / in



C) on / at



D) over / over



13. In the past, Guatemala claimed ---- half of its neighbour Belize’s territory. A) more than



B) as well as



C) just as



D) but also E) the same as



E) towards / above



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



31



A 2009 - KPSS / YD-CS 19. – 24. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.



14. – 18. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



19. Though most scientists agree that a deadly epidemic of influenza will occur, ----.



Turkmenistan was once (14)---- of the ancient Persian Empire. The Turkmen people were originally nomads, and some of them (15)---- this way of life up into the 20th century, living in transportable tents. (16)---- territory was ruled by the Seljuk Turks in the 11th century. The Mongols of Genghis Khan conquered Turkmenistan in the 13th century and dominated the area (17)---- the next two centuries (18)---- they were deposed in the late 15th century by invading Uzbeks.



A) nobody knows when or how it will happen B) they will attend an international conference on the disease C) they cannot decide whether anybody should die D) most countries had taken some measures to improve their health systems E) a number of meetings will be held to discuss new diseases



14. A) territory



B) area



C) region



D) part



E) land



15. A) have continued



B) continued



C) had continued



D) are continuing



E) continue



16. A) A



B) Some D) Much



20. Because the water we use may be polluted, ----.



C) The



A) the government has encouraged investments



E) Many



B) it is unnecessary to purchase a water filter C) the authorities have been assured of its quality D) we should not have wasted it



17. A) about



B) for D) after



E) we must first analyze it in the laboratory



C) at E) along



18. A) while



B) if D) until



C) whether E) that



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



32



A 2009 - KPSS / YD-CS 23. ----, the traditionally tolerant emirate of Dubai plans to restrict their activities.



21. ---- that runs between Paris and Lyon. A) High-speed trains in France are famous for their superb meals



A) If it hadn’t been blessed with such a legacy of oil and gas wealth



B) The French high-speed train, known as TGV, is an electric train



B) As millions of foreigners have recently heard about its marvellous beaches



C) In France, most trains are extremely crowded D) The French railway system is very complicated



C) Suddenly concerned that its approximately one million foreign residents are changing its identity



E) The French government invests a lot of money to improve its nationwide railway system



D) Although the United Arab Emirates includes other small members on the Persian Gulf E) When vast oil deposits were originally discovered there in the 20th century



24. ----, it has become the world’s best-selling vehicle.



22. ----, many European countries took a close interest in the New World.



A) Even though she paid a lot of money



A) After Columbus discovered America in 1492 B) Since explorations across the Atlantic had lasted for decades C) Although the population of Europe in the 15th and th 16 centuries rose at a stable rate



B) As long as more research is done to develop a new type of vehicle C) Just as companies have got into fierce competition with one another D) While most people were concerned about the rising fuel prices



D) Just as Columbus was of Italian origin E) Since African slaves were chiefly imported for agricultural purposes



E) Since the new car recently developed by one of the leading manufacturers is environmentally friendly



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



33



A 2009 - KPSS / YD-CS 27. Sweden, which occupies the eastern part of the Scandinavian peninsula, is the fourth-largest country in Europe.



25. – 28. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz. 25. Each year in the United States, there appear an estimated number of 180,000 new cases of breast cancer, and more than 40,000 women die from it.



A) İsveç, hem İskandinav Yarımadası’nın doğu kesiminde yer alır hem de Avrupa’nın en büyük dört ülkesinden biridir.



A) Her yıl Birleşik Devletler’de ortaya çıkan tahmini 180.000 yeni meme kanseri vakasının 40.000’ den fazlası ölümle sonuçlanmaktadır.



B) Avrupa’da dördüncü en büyük ülke olan İsveç, İskandinav Yarımadası’nın doğu kesiminde yer almaktadır.



B) Birleşik Devletler’de ortaya çıkan, yıllık tahmini 180.000 yeni meme kanseri vakasında her yıl 40.000’den fazla kadının öldüğü görülmektedir.



C) Doğu kesimini İsveç’in kapladığı İskandinav Yarımadası Avrupa’nın dördüncü en büyük bölgesidir.



C) Her yıl 40.000’den fazla kadının meme kanserinden öldüğü Birleşik Devletler’de her yıl tahminen 180.000 yeni vaka görülmektedir.



D) Avrupa’nın dördüncü en büyük bölgesi olan İskandinav Yarımadası’nın doğusunda İsveç yer almaktadır.



D) Her yıl Birleşik Devletler’de tahminen 180.000 yeni meme kanseri vakası ortaya çıkmaktadır ve 40.000’den fazla kadın bundan ölmektedir.



E) İskandinav Yarımadası’nın doğu kısmını kaplayan İsveç, Avrupa’da dördüncü en büyük ülkedir.



E) Birleşik Devletler’de her yıl gözlemlenen tahmini 180.000 yeni meme kanseri vakasının 40.000’ den fazlasında hastaların kaybedildiği belirlenmiştir.



26. Five years after the end of the war in Liberia, the health sector is struggling to cope with the needs of the people. A) Liberya’da savaş beş yıl önce bittiği hâlde, sağlık sektörü halkın ihtiyaçlarını karşılamada büyük zorluk çekmektedir.



28. The current global crisis has changed the way we think about the poor. A) Yoksullar hakkındaki düşüncelerimizi değiştiren günümüzde devam eden küresel krizdir. B) Yoksullar hakkındaki düşüncelerimiz, devam eden küresel krizle tamamen değişmiş bulunmaktadır.



B) Liberya’da savaşın bitişinden beş yıl sonra, sağlık sektörü halkın ihtiyaçlarıyla başa çıkmak için mücadele ediyor.



C) Günümüzdeki küresel kriz, bizi yoksullar hakkında farklı düşünmeye yöneltiyor.



C) Liberya’da beş yıl süren savaş sonrasında, halkın ihtiyaçlarını karşılamaya çalışan sağlık sektörü, ayakta durmaya çalışıyor. D) Beş yıl önce Liberya’da savaş bitince, sağlık sektörü halkın ihtiyaçlarını karşılamaya yoğunlaşmıştır.



D) Günümüzdeki küresel kriz, yoksullara yönelik düşünme şeklimizi değiştirmiştir. E) Bugünkü küresel kriz nedeniyle yoksullara ilişkin düşüncelerimizde önemli değişiklikler olmuştur.



E) Liberya’da savaş beş yıl önce bitmiştir, ancak sağlık sektörü halkın ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak için daha yeni faaliyete geçmiştir.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



34



A 2009 - KPSS / YD-CS 31. Nesiller arasındaki gen aktarımında temel bağlantıyı sağladıkları için, hücreler yaşamın devamından sorumludur.



29. – 32. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz.



A) Cells are responsible for the continuity of life because they provide the essential link in the transmission of genes between generations.



29. Uyku sağlıklı kalmamız için gereklidir, fakat bunun neden böyle olduğu ya da tam olarak nasıl işlediği henüz bütünüyle anlaşılmamıştır.



B) Cells, which are responsible for the continuity of human life, provide the essential link in the transmission of genes between generations.



A) Sleeping for us to stay healthy is our requirement, yet why this has happened like this or just how it is managed hasn’t been able to be understood yet. B) It is still not possible to fully understand why this happened or the exact functioning of it, but for us to stay healthy, sleep is necessary. C) That sleep must be performed by us for our health to continue is true, but the cause of this and the exact works of this are not fully understood yet.



C) Since cells are responsible for the continuity of life, they provide the link, which is essential, in the transmission of genes between generations. D) The essential link in the transmission of genes between generations is provided by cells, so cells are responsible for the continuity of life. E) The essential link between generations is provided by the transmission of cells, and for this reason, cells are responsible for the continuity of life.



D) We have found it necessary to sleep for keeping our health, but the full understanding of the reason for its being this way or the exact management of it couldn’t be reached yet. E) Sleep is necessary in order for us to stay healthy, but why this is so or exactly how it works cannot yet be fully understood.



32. Fransız seçmenler için ekonomilerinin diğerlerininki kadar sıkıntı içinde olmadığını öğrenmek hemen hemen hiç rahatlatıcı değildir.



30. Canlılar çevrelerinden etkilenirler, ancak bizzat kendi varlıkları ve etkinlikleriyle de çevreyi değiştirirler.



A) For French voters too, when they learn that their economy is not having the same amount of trouble as others, it is hardly reassuring for them.



A) The very presence and activities of organisms have a great deal of impact on the environment, which is constantly being transformed by them.



B) It is hardly reassuring for French voters to learn that their economy is not in as much trouble as others’.



B) The environment has an impact on living beings just as it is exploited and transformed by their presence and activities. C) Organisms are affected by their environment, but by their very presence and activities, they also change the environment.



C) The French economy is almost not as reassuring to French voters as the troubled economies of the others. D) French voters are hardly in a position with their own economy to reassure others having just as much trouble with theirs.



D) The environment has various effects on organisms, even though the environment itself is changed by the presence and activities of organisms.



E) Almost without being reassured at all, French voters learn that their economy is faced with less trouble than others’.



E) Living beings have much effect on the environment and do transform it in the long run through their very presence and activities.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



35



A 2009 - KPSS / YD-CS 33. – 36. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. 33. (I) Kazakhstan, the ninth-largest state in the world, sits on a vast stretch of land between Communist China, Orthodox Russia, Islamic Central Asia and the religiously mixed Caucasus. (II) This fact and certain turning points in its history have transformed Kazakhstan into a multicultural environment. (III) This environment is rich in natural beauties too. (IV) There, representatives of more than 100 ethnic groups and many religions co-exist peacefully. (V) This is a legacy of the 1930s, when, during Stalinist repression, Kazakhstan became a second homeland for thousands of ethnic Germans, Poles, Koreans, Greeks and Kurds. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



B) II



C) III



D) IV



A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



E) V



34. (I) Fred Astaire was a dancer and singer who starred in 32 Hollywood musicals along with other films, beginning in the early 1930s and continuing until shortly before his death in 1987. (II) At Hollywood parties of the 1940s, he was known for always going home early. (III) Although the titles of many of his films are now forgotten, there are a handful of works that can justly be called unforgettable. (IV) None of the films was burdened with plot, dialogue or characterization that could be called credible. (V) What they did display was a record of what choreographers called “the most interesting, inventive and elegant dancer of our times.” A) I



35. (I) Mobile users often violate the rules of correct behaviour. (II) For instance, they send text messages during a meal at a restaurant, and this is not a polite thing to do. (III) This tells your dining companions that they are not as important or as interesting as the person on the other end of your mobile. (IV) But restaurants are not the only places where people send text messages. (V) If it is absolutely necessary, excuse yourself from the table.



36. (I) If you are in your 40s and British, it is quite possible that your spelling is an embarrassment, but it’s not your fault. (II) Many children in the UK were never taught the distinction between “there,” “their,” and “they’re.” (III) Now, the rate of literacy has gone up in Britain and many other countries. (IV) You may have struggled to learn to read using the initial teaching alphabet: a mixture of 40 letters that was supposed to provide a stepping stone to literacy. (V) However, it tripped up many children when they had to switch to the standard 26-letter one. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



E) V



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



36



A 2009 - KPSS / YD-CS 38. Meg: - It is sad to learn what some tribal cultures believe.



37. – 40. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz.



Sam: - ----



37. James: - Works of Islamic art can be expensive beyond reason.



Meg: - When a woman cheats on her husband, it’s the woman’s fault; and when a man cheats on his wife, it’s the woman’s fault again.



Tim: - And this is due to what? James: - ----



Sam: - And it may take ages of education to put such beliefs right.



Tim: - Oh, that makes sense.



A) Such as what?



A) Don’t you remember that you took a course in Islamic Art Treasures when you were at university?



B) Shouldn’t all beliefs be respected?



B) Would-be buyers with more modest incomes can’t afford these works.



D) Some beliefs probably date back to colonial times, don’t they?



C) Islamic art is so beautiful, isn’t it?



E) Which cultures, for instance?



C) Not all cultures have the same opinions.



D) Baghdad and Islamic Spain were both major centres of Arab culture in general. E) Collectors from the oil- and gas-rich states of the Gulf push the prices sky-high.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



37



A 2009 - KPSS / YD-CS 40. Journalist: - As we know, world economies are going through a very difficult period. How does this affect the world of art?



39. Miriam: - Parents do their best to protect their young children. Paul: - ----



Painter: - Negative times can be very stimulating for artists. They make us more creative and fruitful.



Miriam: - Chiefly from environmental dangers at home.



Journalist: - So, you’re saying artists should reflect their thoughts on economic policies in their works?



A) Well, isn’t that natural? B) Good parents should behave that way.



Painter: - ----



C) From whom or what exactly? D) Does that mean not letting them go outside?



A) Only a few artists have managed to become as wealthy as Salvador Dali in his prime.



E) I absolutely do my best parental work in my home.



B) I’m not good at Economics because, as you know, I failed it in high school. C) When art materials become cheaper as a result of a shrinking economy, artists can buy more of them. D) Exactly. If you want to say something, now’s the time to say it. E) Never! An artist’s thoughts on politics in his country are nobody’s business but his own.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



38



A 2009 - KPSS / YD-CS 43. We have always had the notion that any native speaker can teach his language well. ---- The reason for this is that the native speaker sounds right, and therefore, inspires confidence.



41. – 44. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz. 41. One reason people prefer watching films in cinemas to sitting at home with a DVD is that 35 mm-film projectors render a richer range of colours, closer to what the human eye can perceive. ---- The film shown in cinemas, by contrast, manages around 60%. But such film has a fundamental problem: every time a print is projected, it is degraded, and eventually it has to be replaced. A) A conventional plasma-screen television set produces only 50% of the range of colour.



A) Being a native speaker is one thing, while teaching one’s language is another. B) Teaching second and foreign languages has always been a sensitive issue. C) Actually, this is the natural consequence of cultural inferiority complexes. D) Posted vacancies for language-teaching jobs often say the teacher has to be a native speaker. E) The confidence of such a person usually starts in childhood.



B) Projectionists thus take great pride in their abilities. C) This has made the majority of DVDs more popular lately. D) Cinema films naturally have disadvantages as well as advantages. E) Hollywood studios, in fact, aim for a range of colours that are as rich as the human eye can perceive.



42. ---- To attract buyers for new luxury vehicles, some European car manufacturers have been offering significant discounts and gifts. With such big discounts available on new models, people expect to pay even less for second-hand ones. A) Despite the financial crisis, there is still a big demand for all kinds of vehicles. B) According to automotive research firms, many customers are trading down to less expensive vehicles or keeping their cars longer.



44. The Merchant of Venice is a play written by Shakespeare sometime between 1596 and 1598. Despite being classified as a comedy and sharing certain aspects with his other romantic comedies, the play is perhaps more remembered for its dramatic scenes, particularly the trial scene, and is best known for the character of Shylock. ---Though Shylock is a hateful character, he is also a tormented one himself, so whether he is to be viewed with scorn or sympathy is up to the audience. A) The title character is the merchant Antonio, but the wicked moneylender Shylock is the play’s most prominent figure.



C) The European producers of luxury vehicles are satisfied with the present level of sales so are not planning to offer discounts.



B) His presence in the play makes for a delightful and laugh-filled theatrical experience.



D) The latest statistics indicate that buyers invest their money equally in both luxury and nonluxury vehicles.



C) The play is named after the leading character, a merchant living in Venice. D) All audiences develop positive feelings towards this character.



E) Recently, discounts on new luxury vehicles have become so attractive that people have stopped buying second-hand ones altogether.



E) Shakespeare probably based his characters on the people living in his own environment.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



39



A 2009 - KPSS / YD-CS 46. The purpose of the writer is to ----.



45. – 48. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) give guidance and advice B) warn against LD



If your child has a learning difficulty, you may be eager for information and support. Learning disabilities (LD) may be the source of your child’s struggle. Beware of the popular myths and misconceptions about LD. You can visit the website www.schwablearning.org, a parent’s guide to helping kids with learning difficulties. They offer free information you can trust: research-based articles, publications, other resources and an online community of parents who share the same concerns. Send your child to a special institution, such as that described by www.sparktop.org, a safe, fun place where kids with learning difficulties can gain confidence about themselves and how they learn.



C) give scientific information about LD D) compare children with LD to children without LD E) give information about relevant publications



47. From the passage, we understand that parents of children with LD ----. A) do not believe in myths and misconceptions B) write research-based articles C) all send their children to fun institutions D) may be very interested in finding out about LD and getting help E) do not trust the information they get



45. One of the major ideas in the passage is that ----. A) children with LD do not worry about how they learn B) if your child is struggling to learn, you should distract him with fun activities 48. The writer claims that ----.



C) LD makes children lose confidence in themselves D) parents should try to get free help, since costs of raising a family put pressure on the budget E) parents’ aim should not be “fun for their children”, so special institutions must be avoided



A) sharing information with other parents with the same problems may be fruitful B) visiting certain sites on the Internet may help only some parents C) parents should not trust the information in LDrelated articles, publications, and other resources D) parents cannot overcome LD in their children, no matter how hard they try E) children with LD may develop self-confidence if parents do not intervene at all



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



40



A 2009 - KPSS / YD-CS 50. The passage claims that ----.



49. – 52. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) processes such as lighting, cooking and heating do not completely depend on fossil fuels



We are all involved in the oil business every time we start our cars, turn on our lights, cook a meal or heat our homes since we are relying on some form of fuel to make it happen. Up to now, it has inevitably been a fossil fuel, part of the carbon chain, and just as inevitably, that will have to change. Long before we decide to stop using fossil fuels, costs will have already made the decision for us: not just the monetary cost, but the human cost, the cultural cost and the environmental cost. We will, quite rightly, demand that our future energy be both sustainable and renewable. We will expect a lot from the likes of solar power, wind power, geothermal power and hydrogen fuel cells, and it will take time.



B) although we expect a lot from geothermal power, it will not help us much C) people are used to using alternative energy sources D) we will realize how much we have spent on fossil fuels only after we stop using them E) all people are responsible for the severe costs brought about by the use of fossil fuels



51. According to the passage, ----. A) people have no right to demand better energy in the future since they have caused this problem B) the use of alternative power sources such as the wind and the sun may protect us from the high costs of present-day energy consumption C) people who do not own or drive cars are not involved in the oil business D) fossil fuels harm people more than they harm the environment



49. It is stated in the passage that ----. A) we will soon be able to eliminate the harmful energy sources from our daily lives



E) we will use up sustainable and renewable energy sources too, but that will take a long time



B) we will inevitably go on using only fossil fuels C) hydrogen fuel cells are one source of energy we will use in the future 52. The main idea of this passage is that ----.



D) fossil fuels are not obtained from carbon



A) some kind of fuel, no matter which kind, is necessary for us to maintain our lifestyle



E) the human, cultural and environmental cost of current energy is more important than its financial cost



B) energy sources such as solar, wind and geothermal power are significantly cheaper C) the many costs of using fossil fuels will make us demand sustainable, renewable energy in the future D) obtaining energy from sustainable and renewable sources will happen only when people expect it E) the monetary cost of fossil fuels will be the main factor forcing us to switch to other fuels



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



41



A 2009 - KPSS / YD-CS 54. The passage provides us with two suggestions: ----.



53. – 56. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) to eat rich food and feel good People tend to view food in extremes: they are either obsessed about eating healthy food and feel good, or eat rich food and feel guilty. In fact, delicious food can also be healthy food, and people can arrive at a happy balance between the two. Eating in balance means not feeling deprived, so if we really want a few French fries with our meal, so be it. The key is not making a big deal out of it or rigidly tracking calories. Of course, it is important to be aware of what we are eating, but when we start to eat by numbers, we lose something incredibly valuable, which is enjoyment and pleasure. Learning about nutrition helps transform one’s relationship with food in a healthy way. Another point to remember is setting realistic goals instead of deciding, for instance, never to eat bread again. Being overly ambitious backfires, which can be very painful because you feel you have failed.



B) to realize the value of food and not eat by numbers C) to eat healthy food only and not lose enjoyment D) to learn about nutrition and set realistic goals E) to be ambitious and not allow failure



55. The purpose of the writer is to ----. A) inform us about how to achieve healthy nutrition B) warn us about the dangers of rich food C) criticize us for our unhealthy eating habits D) change our attitude to our relationships E) encourage us to change our diets completely 53. The writer tells us that we ----. A) should feel guilty if we eat a lot B) eat balanced food if we are balanced people C) are free to consume rich food, since it is generally healthy 56. The passage states the importance of ----.



D) should aim only at enjoyment and pleasure in our nutrition



A) the two extreme views most people have of food



E) needn’t deprive ourselves of French fries forever



B) delicious food versus healthy food C) reaching a balance between the health and the enjoyment of one’s diet D) the psychology of feeling deprived E) the mistaken belief in the value of calories



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



42



A 2009 - KPSS / YD-CS 59. We understand from the passage that ----.



57. – 60. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Sarah’s doctor was an excellent one who considered all possibilities



Sarah blamed middle age for her forgetfulness and for the way she kept losing her train of thought. She mentioned this to her doctor, who promptly ordered lab tests to check for a possible medical cause, and then found one: Sarah was deficient in vitamin B12. While people associate this problem with strict vegetarianism (meat and dairy are the main sources for the vitamin), Sarah had a different condition: she had developed antibodies against a stomach chemical that is needed to absorb B12. After being given daily megadoses of B12 for three months, Sarah is happy to report that her memory is back to normal.



B) the doctor advised Sarah to eat megadoses of meat and dairy products C) Sarah did not eat meat or dairy products D) antibodies are materials that people have to swallow to cure their stomach problems E) Sarah went to see her doctor because of stomach trouble



57. It is stated in the passage that ----. 60. The passage informs us that ----.



A) vitamin B12 would be helpful to all forgetful people if taken daily



A) the vitamin B12 we get from food is not absorbed into our bodies through the stomach



B) forgetfulness may occur due to a physical cause



B) Sarah was deficient in forgetfulness



C) forgetfulness is the result of becoming middleaged



C) if there is a chemical problem in the stomach, this may cause health problems



D) the intake of meat and dairy products is the cause of forgetfulness



D) lab tests are not necessary to find out about chemical disorders of the body



E) forgetfulness is seen only in strict vegetarians



E) Sarah was not alarmed by her forgetfulness



58. According to the passage, Sarah ----. A) could not trust the lab tests, since she was already on megadoses of B12 B) was back to normal in thirteen months C) had to give up being a strict vegetarian



TEST BİTTİ.



D) stopped having memory problems after three months



CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.



E) needed to take only small doses of B12 every day



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



43



2009 - YDS / İNG



YABANCI DİL TESTİ



İNGİLİZCE YABANCI DİL TESTLERİNİN CEVAP ANAHTARLARI BİRBİRİNDEN FARKLIDIR. YABANCI DİLİNİZİ CEVAP KÂĞIDINIZDA AYRILAN YERE İŞARETLEMEYİ UNUTMAYINIZ.



1. Bu testte 100 soru vardır. 2. Cevap kâğıdında, sınav yabancı dilinizi (İNGİLİZCE) işaretlemeyi unutmayınız.



4. To make her characters ----, the author includes many events from her own remarkable life.



1. – 22. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



A) enormous



D) measurable



1. If you think the only ---- of light is to enable us to see, you couldn’t be more wrong because it affects us both physically and mentally. A) ability



B) work D) support



B) memorable



C) regrettable



E) practical



C) function E) responsibility



5. It is the translators who make literature written in a foreign language ---- accessible to Turkish readers.



2. You may think that the feel-good ---- created by laughing is purely psychological, but science has now proved that mind and body are inseparably linked and that it affects your physical health, too. A) sensation



B) thought



C) awareness



D) requirement



A) cautiously



B) barely



C) largely



D) peculiarly E) slowly



E) expression



3. After the earthquake in 1999, the government was accused of not having provided enough supervision of builders, whose ---- construction of housing increased the destruction and added to the number of dead. A) expensive D) faulty



B) unattractive



6. About 550 volcanoes have erupted on Earth’s surface since the beginning of recorded history, but far more have erupted ---- on the ocean floor. A) unobserved



C) beautiful



B) noticeably



D) deeply



C) seldom



E) fast



E) disappointed



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



46



2009 - YDS / İNG 12. Before he ---- in museums, he ---- law in hopes of becoming a specialist in the legal aspects of antiquities.



7. It is time to ---- chances and to get your work shown, though you may be a young and unproven painter. A) gain



B) get D) own



A) will work / has studied



C) have



B) works / would study



E) take



C) worked / had studied D) had worked / was studying 8. With its luxurious guest rooms, excellent restaurants and relaxing bar, the hotel ---- the ideal environment for businessmen and tourists alike to pursue their activities in. A) describes



B) invites



D) offers



E) has worked / studied



C) means



13. The interviewer ---- during her interview with the retired politician that he still ---- the dynamic presence that had once inspired the entire country.



E) changes



A) was realizing / had B) will realize / would have 9. Fashion often repeats itself, as certain styles ---again and again and are revived with much publicity. A) turn down



B) get away



D) put on



C) realizes / is having D) has realized / will have E) realized / had



C) make up



E) come up



14. Pirates ---- a threat since ancient times; in fact, even hundreds of years ago, they ---- in the Mediterranean Sea in search of valuable cargo.



10. When Atatürk told the Turks to ---- the West, he was at the same time referring to industrialization, standardized education, and republican government. A) look to



B) bring about



C) put off



D) find out



A) would have been / had sailed B) had been / have been sailing C) have been / were sailing D) were / had been sailing



E) run out of



E) would be / have been sailing



15. Scientists fear that if we ---- to use our natural resources so unwisely, we ---- them up completely by the end of this century.



11. Evil ---- when good people allow bad things ----. A) came / happened



A) have continued / have used



B) comes / to happen



B) are continuing / are using



C) will come / will happen



C) continued / had used



D) may come / happening



D) had continued / would have used



E) had come / to have happened



E) continue / will have used



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



47



2009 - YDS / İNG 20. There are several types of acquired dyslexia (a language disorder), ---- adults find themselves unable to read or find difficulty with certain types of words as a result of brain damage.



16. They say that the best things ---- life are those worth waiting ----. A) in / for



B) from / at



C) in / up



D) with / from



A) that



E) within / beside



B) in which D) what



C) wherever



E) whenever



17. Gugul is a natural extract of the Indian myrrh tree that has been valued for 2500 years ---- use ---medicine, incense and perfume. A) from / to



B) in / through



C) with / for



D) for / in



E) at / within 21. People in England have been writing books about Turkey at least since the 15th century; but ---were written in the 19th century. A) the few



B) the least



C) the best



D) fewest



18. Writing a political essay is not merely about writing one’s own opinion; ----, it requires a talent for analytical thinking and an ability to simplify complex concepts. A) finally



B) however



C) consequently



D) nevertheless



E) best



E) in fact



19. Aristotle studied many subjects, ---- he was mostly interested in science, especially biology, zoology and astronomy. A) as if



B) since D) if



22. Aromatherapy is the use, for health purposes, of oils and essences from certain flowers and herbs which are chosen ---- their various beneficial effects.



C) but E) unless



A) contrary to



B) as well as



C) mostly from



D) on account of E) rather than



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



48



2009 - YDS / İNG 23. – 27. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



28. – 32. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



The Spanish are famous for their natural sociability and appetite for life. They (23)---- to put as much energy into enjoying life as they do into their work. The (24)---- lazy Spaniard is a myth, but many people fit their work to the demands (25)---- their social lives, rather than be ruled by the clock. The day is quite long in Spain, and the Spanish have a word, madrugada, for the time between midnight and dawn, (26)---- city streets are often still full of people enjoying (27)----.



Cleopatra’s Isle, now known as Sedir Adası, is a tiny site, (28)---- an overall length of only about three and a half kilometres, situated in southwestern Asia Minor. It is believed that Cleopatra landed there and (29)---- fell in love with it. It is (30)---- believed that the unique sand of the little beach on it was brought from Egypt (31)---- her pleasure by Mark Antony. This sand is truly a special kind, described as resembling a silkworm’s eggs. This description is certainly accurate, for every sand grain (32)---- separate and distinct.



28.



23. A) knew



B) are known



C) have known



D) were knowing



A) with



B) which



C) that



D) its E) whose



E) are to be known 29.



24. A) typical



B) dissatisfied



C) dominant



D) unpleasant



A) carefully



B) always



C) rarely



D) immediately E) repeatedly



E) challenging 30.



25. A) towards



B) at



C) of



D) into



C) already



D) ever



31.



26. B) which



D) when



B) sometimes



E) also



E) through



A) where



A) yet



C) that



A) for



B) at



C) with



D) about E) to



E) how



32. A) would have stood



27. A) their own



B) theirs



C) the other’s



D) one another’s



B) stands C) was standing D) had stood



E) themselves



E) has stood Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



49



2009 - YDS / İNG 36. Despite the superstition among seamen that killing an albatross brings bad luck, ----.



33. – 42. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.



A) the superstition was reflected in a poem by Samuel Taylor Coleridge



33. Since she has been going to college to complete her teacher training, ----.



B) seamen once looked at albatrosses with considerable fear



A) she has a great deal of time to travel



C) these birds are often hunted by them for their meat



B) she will work as a fashion model in the future C) she hasn’t had the luxury of reading many novels D) she can’t become a teacher unless she pays an additional fee



D) the birds are believed to bring good luck to friendly sailors E) such superstitions are no longer believed by seamen



E) she has become a teacher



34. ---- that they can probably hear rats getting ready to surface from below ground. A) The cleverness of wolves guarantees B) Wolves possess such keen eyesight C) The noses of wolves are so sensitive D) Wolves are such annoying animals E) Wolves’ hearing is so sharp



35. Though she is in good health at 85 due to her diet and daily exercising, ----. A) her diet is balanced and her exercises are plentiful



37. ---- that their food choices do not cause animal suffering or widespread environmental damage. A) Vegetarians proudly claim



B) she believes other elderly people in her neighborhood are in much better shape than she is



B) Vegetarians have often been warned



C) her doctor says, “You will live to 100”



D) Vegetarians are disappointed



D) she doesn’t need to watch what she eats and does



E) Vegetarians are embarrassed



C) Vegetarians flatly refuse to admit



E) she does not often have to visit doctors for chronic medical conditions



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



50



2009 - YDS / İNG 41. After the Space Age began, engineers worked hard to figure out ----.



38. She and I had a nice, relaxed conversation ----. A) by the time I finally arrived for our meeting B)



A) until they sent a spaceship to the Moon



as I told her to wake up



B) how to send people to the Moon



C) since it focused on forbidden subjects



C) when the Space Age came to an end



D) which largely centred on our children



D) even if it was difficult to understand



E) so we were both nervous towards the end of it



E) unless there could be life in space outside our planet



39. “Kranking” is a new form of exercise you do on a recently developed bike ----. A) whenever a person is able to find free time B) that was invented some six decades ago C) while it is especially suited for the human body D) since it has been popular for a long time E) that has heavy weights to develop muscles 42. Rabies is a deadly disease ----. A) unless dogs don’t carry it into people’s homes B) if it is made available at many medical centres C) after the birth of a child has been recorded D) that can be transmitted from animals to people E) since all illnesses need to be treated quickly



40. My brother was very surprised ----. A) when he got a message from a long-lost friend B) unless he met an old friend one day C) where an old friend turned up suddenly D) if an old friend turns up E) how old he himself was



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



51



2009 - YDS / İNG 45. Not as much as I had expected; in fact, it is quite affordable, even for a student.



43. – 46. sorularda, verilen cümlenin hangi sorunun cevabı olduğunu bulunuz.



A) How long do you plan to stay in that house? 43. There are, actually, quite a few factors behind it, not just one.



B) How much is he asking for as the rent?



A) Do you think air pollution can be prevented?



C) Did the owner seem like a nice man?



B) What causes air pollution?



D) How far is your new apartment from the school?



C) When did air pollution start to be a serious problem?



E) Did you get paid much money for the work you did at the fair?



D) Why don’t you tell me some more about air pollution? E) How serious is this problem?



46. In many cases, yes. 44. I have decided not to because I have to study for my science exam.



A) Are you planning to replace this appliance with a more recent model?



A) What are you going to do this evening? B) Would you rather study tomorrow for the exam?



B) Have you bought a new high-tech appliance recently?



C) Shall we go to the library to study for the science exam?



C) Are new technological appliances so much more efficient than old ones?



D) Shall we go now, as you’ve finished studying?



D) Has the government released a report on the comparative efficiency of new versus old microwave ovens?



E) Are you coming with us to the party tonight?



E) Do you know the cost of having this expensive appliance repaired?



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



52



2009 - YDS / İNG 49. In the 16th century, Turkish potters moved away from their Chinese inspirations towards a Turkish ceramic art of their own.



47. – 50. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz.



A) Çin etkisinden uzaklaşmak isteyen Türk çömlekçiler 16. yüzyılda kendilerine özgü bir çömlekçiliğe yöneldiler.



47. All fish have a great sense of smell, but there are some types of fish that cannot see at all, and among these there are species that do not even have eyes. A) Tüm balıkların koku duyusu çok gelişmiştir, ama bazı balık türlerinin görme duyusu tam olarak gelişmemiştir ve bunların arasında bazılarının gözleri bile yoktur. B) Görme duyusu güçlü olan balıkların yanı sıra koku duyusu çok gelişmiş olan balık türleri de vardır; ancak bazı türlerin gözleri bile yoktur.



B) 16. yüzyılın Türk çömlekçileri, Çin etkilerinden uzaklaşıp daha Türklere özel bir seramik sanatına yaklaştılar. C) 16. yüzyılda Çin etkisinden kopan Türk çömlekçiler, çok daha Türklere özel olan bir seramik sanatına yöneldiler. D) 16. yüzyılda Türk çömlekçiler, Çin etkilerinden uzaklaşarak kendilerine özgü bir seramik sanatına yöneldiler.



C) Çok iyi bir koku duyusuna sahip olan kimi balık türlerinin görme duyusu gelişmemiştir; aslında, gözleri bile olmayan bazı balık türleri de vardır.



E) 16. yüzyılda Türk çömlekçilerini kendilerine özgü bir seramik sanatı türüne yönelten, onların Çin etkisinden uzaklaşması oldu.



D) Bütün balıkların çok iyi bir koku duyusu vardır; ancak hiç göremeyen bazı balık türleri vardır ve bunların arasında gözleri bile olmayan türler bulunur. E) Bütün balıkların koku duyuları oldukça gelişmiştir; ama gözleri görmeyen ya da gözleri bile olmayan bazı balık türleri de vardır.



48. When we feel diffident, it is easy to imagine that other people are laughing at us, but those negative thoughts are often distorted or magnified.



50. Strolling alone in the park, Onur watched a pair of kites overhead, and remembered his childhood friend, Hasan.



A) Kendimize güvenmediğimiz zaman, başkalarının bizimle alay ettiği gibi çarpık ve abartılı düşüncelere sık sık kapılırız. B)



A) Parkta tek başına yürürken Onur’a çocukluk arkadaşı Hasan’ı hatırlatan, başının üstünde uçan bir çift uçurtma oldu. B) Parkta tek başına yürürken Onur’a, başının üstünde uçan bir çift uçurtma çocukluk arkadaşı Hasan’ı hatırlattı.



Başkalarının bizimle alay ettiğini sandığımız zamanlar, kendimize güvenmediğimiz için bu düşüncemizi çarpıttığımız veya abarttığımız zamanlardır.



C) Başkalarının bizimle alay ettiğini düşündüğümüzde bu düşüncemizin çarpık ve abartılı olduğunu fark edemez ve kendimize güvenimizi kaybederiz. D) Çarpık ve abartılı olsa da, başkalarının bizimle alay ettiğine inanmak çoğunlukla kendimize olan güvenimizi sarsar. E) Kendimize güvenmediğimiz zaman, başkalarının bizimle alay ettiğini sanmak kolaydır, ancak bu olumsuz düşünceler çoğu kez çarpıtılmış veya abartılıdır.



C) Tek başına parkta yürüyen Onur, başının üstünde uçan bir çift uçurtmayı izleyince çocukluk arkadaşı Hasan’ı hatırladı. D) Parkta tek başına yürüyen Onur, başının üstünde uçan bir çift uçurtmayı seyrettikçe çocukluk arkadaşı Hasan’ı hatırladı. E) Parkta tek başına yürürken Onur, başının üstünde uçan bir çift uçurtmayı seyretti ve çocukluk arkadaşı Hasan’ı hatırladı.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



53



2009 - YDS / İNG 53. Başka bir ülkede mutlu bir şekilde yaşamak istiyorsanız, farklılıkları kabullenebilen ve uyum sağlayabilen türden bir insan olmanız gerekir.



51. – 54. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz.



A) If you want to live happily in another country, you need to be the type of person who can accept differences and adapt.



51. Bir tropikal yağmur ormanının küçük bir parçasında bile neredeyse Kanada ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’ndeki bütün ormanlarda bulunan ağaç türleri kadar farklı ağaç türü bulunabilir.



B) To be able to live happily in another country, you must be the type of person who can accept differences and adapt.



A) Tropical rain forests can be home to almost as many different trees as can be found in all the forests of Canada and the United States. B) Even in a small patch of tropical rain forest, there can be found almost as many different species of trees as there are in all the forests of Canada and the United States. C) In only a small patch of a tropical rain forest, there aren’t as many different species of trees as there are in all the forests of Canada and the United States.



C) If you want to live happily in another country, it is necessary that you be a carefree person and accept differences and adapt. D) If you want to live happily in another country, you will have to accept differences and adapt well. E) You had better be the type of person who can accept differences and adapt if you want to live happily in another country.



D) There are a lot more different species of trees in a small patch of a tropical rain forest than there are in all the forests of Canada and the United States. E) Although Canada and the United States have rich forests, the number of tree species that live in them are not as many as those that can be found in a small patch of a tropical rain forest.



52. Petrolden üretilen alışılagelmiş plastik, ısı ve gün ışığına maruz kaldığında bile, yeryüzünden hiç yok olmayan az sayıdaki maddeden biridir.



54. Bangladeş’in nüfusu Pakistan’ınkinden biraz daha fazla ise de, yüzölçümü çok daha küçüktür.



A) Conventional plastic, made from petroleum, is the only material on Earth that never goes away, even when exposed to heat and sunlight.



A) Despite the fact that Bangladesh and Pakistan have almost the same population, their land areas are very different.



B) Plastic, which is traditionally made from petroleum, is one of the few materials on Earth that never go away, even when it is exposed to heat and sunlight.



B) Although the population of Bangladesh is slightly larger than that of Pakistan, its land area is much smaller. C) Despite Bangladesh’s population being much bigger than Pakistan’s, the area of its land is far less.



C) Conventional plastic, made from petroleum, is one of the few materials on Earth that never go away, even when it is exposed to heat and sunlight. D) Traditional plastic, made from petroleum, is one of the few materials on Earth that never go away unless it is exposed to heat and sunlight. E)



Normal plastic, made from petroleum, is one of the few materials on Earth that go away only when exposed to heat and sunlight.



D) Even though the land area of Pakistan is much larger than that of Bangladesh, the population is only slightly larger in size. E) If the population of Bangladesh were slightly greater than that of Pakistan, its land area would be much smaller in comparison.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



54



2009 - YDS / İNG 56. The ancient Olympic Games were cancelled because ----.



55. – 57. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) animals were killed and offered to Zeus The Olympic Games were first held in Olympia in ancient Greece to honour the Greek god Zeus. These ancient Olympics began in the year 776 B.C. and continued until 392 A.D., that is, for more than 1,000 years. Only male athletes competed in these games. They competed in different sports activities, but there were competitions also in poetry, music and other arts. At the beginning and end of the Games, animals were killed and offered to Zeus. When people stopped believing in the Greek gods, the Olympic Games were cancelled. The Olympic Games were brought back in 1896, when the first modern Olympic Games were held in Athens, the capital of Greece. Only nine countries with about 250 athletes participated in these first modern Games, and again all the athletes were male. Today, about 10,000 athletes from about 200 countries compete in the Olympic Games, and nearly half of them are women.



55. According to the passage, the first Olympic Games ----.



B) poetry, music, and other arts became more popular C) female athletes did not want to join the races D) Zeus and the other gods were no longer important in Greek society E) people did not enjoy the Games



57. It can be understood from the passage that ----. A) few female athletes took part in the first modern Olympics



A) were held 1,000 years ago B) continued for 392 years



B) the original Olympics concentrated on sports only



C) were for male and female athletes



C) participation in the modern Olympics has grown considerably since they were brought back in 1896



D) were held all across Greece E) were held for religious purposes



D) animals were killed and offered to Zeus in the first modern Olympics E) 250 athletes from each country take part in the modern Olympics



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



55



2009 - YDS / İNG 59. In the story, a woman offers to help an old man in a kind and friendly way, ----.



58. – 60. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) but he decides not to cross the road New Yorkers are often regarded as being unkind. Actually, this is not a fair attitude. They are willing to help people who need help, but experience has taught them a lot of people don’t want to be helped. Are New Yorkers less kind people – less caring on the inside – than city dwellers in other places? Not at all. When you talk to them about this, many give good reasons for their reluctance to help strangers. Most have been taught early on that reaching out to people you don’t know can be dangerous. To survive in New York, they were taught that they should avoid even the potentially suspicious. Some also express concern that others might not want help, that the stranger, too, might be afraid of outside contact or might feel insulted. Many tell stories of being abused for trying to help. As one woman explains, she saw an elderly man with a walking stick who appeared unable to cross a busy street. When she gently offered to help, he replied angrily, “When l want help, I’ll ask for it. Mind your own business.” Over and over, New Yorkers say that they care deeply about the needs of strangers, but that the realities of city living prevent them from reaching out. People speak with nostalgia of the past, when they would pick up hitchhikers or arrange a meal for a hungry stranger.



B) and he accepts her help gratefully C) and this surprises him D) but he refuses her help in an unpleasant way E) and then they cross the road together



58. The aim of the passage is to ----. 60. We understand from the passage that people who seem to be in need of help ----.



A) show that the people of New York are not basically unkind



A) are not always ready to receive help



B) explain why people in New York are so kind



B) can easily look after themselves



C) to encourage people to be more helpful



C) enjoy being helped by strangers



D) help us to understand why the old man in the story was so angry



D) are very uncommon in New York



E) show that the old man was not angry but afraid



E) prefer to be helped by a woman than by a man



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



56



2009 - YDS / İNG 62. The passage informs us that ----.



61. – 63. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) grain grinding and water pumping are two of the functions of windmills



When sunlight heats the earth, it also heats the atmosphere. As hot air rises, cooler and heavier air rushes in to fill its place, thus creating wind. For more than 2,000 years, people have captured this energy with windmills and used it to do useful things, such as grinding grain or pumping water. By the late 19th century, windmills were also being used to produce electricity, mostly in rural areas. Compared with traditional windmills, however, modern wind turbines are far more efficient.



61. The major focus of the passage is on ----.



B) sunlight heats the atmosphere, not the earth C) wind is created when cool air rises and hot air sinks D) windmills have always been more decorative than useful E) windmills have been used to produce electricity for thousands of years



63. From this passage, we can see that ----.



A) traditional windmills



A) there is almost no difference between windmills and wind turbines



B) wind and wind energy



B) earlier people failed to capture the wind’s energy



C) modern wind turbines



C) in earlier times people needed electricity more in rural areas, not in urban areas



D) the connection between hot air and cool air E) the need for electricity in rural areas



D) wind turbines supply electric power more efficiently than do windmills E) it is difficult to make use of wind energy



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



57



2009 - YDS / İNG 65. From the passage, we understand that ----.



64. – 66. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Travelling east along the coast to Antalya, you may easily miss the great Lake of Köyceğiz lying behind the orange trees. Visitors at nearby Dalyan sail regularly back and forth between the famous small peninsula of sand where turtles build their nests and the ancient ruins of Caunus four miles away. They may even visit the mud baths at the tip of the lake. Yet they seldom try to swim in the lake itself, which is strangely hidden away from both the highway and the tourist crowd; this has helped the lake to evolve into a rare area of ecological importance.



64. The passage is largely concerned with the ----.



A)



Köyceğiz, Dalyan and Caunus are close to one another



B)



visitors visit the lake more than other places in the area



C) the turtles nest in the mud at the tip of the lake D) one has to travel to Antalya in order to see the Lake of Köyceğiz E) Caunus is a modern settlement



66. The passage states that the main reason why the Lake of Köyceğiz has become an important ecological area is that ----.



A) historical ruins around Köyceğiz B) great Lake of Köyceğiz



A) it is surrounded by orange trees



C) sandy beaches around Köyceğiz



B) visitors prefer to see Dalyan and Caunus rather than the lake



D) turtles nesting in Dalyan



C) it is hidden away from the main road and the crowds of tourists



E) tourist attractions on the way to Antalya



D) visitors going to Antalya rarely stop there E) there are mud baths at either end



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



58



2009 - YDS / İNG 68. The passage suggests that ----.



67. – 69. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) traditional fuels are renewable, so we should go on using them



Various estimates suggest that by 2050 nearly one third of the world’s energy needs could come from renewable sources such as solar power, wind power, geothermal power and hydrogen fuel cells. This leaves the other two thirds to come from conventional fossil fuels such as oil and gas. We have to find a balance between the need to protect people’s way of life and the environment, and the need to provide them with affordable energy; and also between the cost of developing new technology to get the most from fossil fuels, and the cost of developing new power sources.



B) after 2050 only one third of the world will use fossil fuels, and the remaining two thirds will use renewable energy C) by 2050 it could be possible for renewable energy sources to supply 33% of the world’s power needs D) new power sources are to be developed at all costs E) one should protect the environment even if this causes fuel prices to rise



69. The passage points out that ----.



67. This passage is largely about ----.



A) no estimates have been made about the future use of energy sources



A) the necessity of balancing the use of fossil fuels and renewable energy sources B) the harmfulness of fossil fuels to people’s way of life and the environment



B) developing new technology to obtain fossil fuels costs less than developing new power sources C) fossil fuels will exist as long as the world exists, but they are harmful



C) the advantages of using renewable energy sources such as wind power



D) the use of oil and gas helps us to protect the environment



D) the usefulness of renewable energy sources to people’s way of life and the environment



E) the type of energy needed and the cost of producing it are related problems



E) new power sources which have to be developed to replace conventional fuels



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



59



2009 - YDS / İNG 71. The main subject emphasized in the passage is ----.



70. – 72. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) the public’s fears about safety In the years following the Chernobyl reactor disaster in 1986, nuclear power was seen as a dying industry. Public support had lessened because of safety fears, and many countries decided to put a halt to new reactor construction. But there has recently been a dramatic revival of interest in nuclear energy, thanks to the twin threats of climate change and energy insecurity. Nuclear reactors do not emit CO2 when they generate electricity, so governments are increasingly seeing the construction of such reactors as a way to bring down carbon emissions and generate stable supplies of electricity.



B) nuclear power as a dying industry C) the twin threats of climate change and energy insecurity D) the dangers of CO2 created by nuclear reactors E) the renewed interest in nuclear reactors and the reasons for it



70. Based on the passage, we may conclude that ----. 72. We learn from the passage that governments are now becoming ----.



A) stable supplies of electricity can be generated without the aid of nuclear reactors



A) less worried about climate change



B) threats of climate change and energy insecurity have recently caused a lack of interest in clean energy



B) more aware of the dangers of nuclear power C) less interested in producing stable electricity supplies



C) as nuclear reactors emit CO2 when they generate electricity, governments are considering bringing down their numbers



D) more supportive of nuclear energy E) less concerned about carbon emissions in their countries



D) people were worried about safety conditions after the Chernobyl disaster E) in reaction to the Chernobyl event, many countries decided to have new reactors constructed



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



60



2009 - YDS / İNG 74. It is clear from the passage that newspapers ----.



73. – 75. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) came into existence with the invention of printing B) were published in the Netherlands long before they were in Germany



A newspaper is a daily or weekly publication containing news and comments on the news. Newssheets appeared after the invention of printing and were introduced in 1609 in Germany and in 1616 in the Netherlands. In 1622, the first newspaper appeared in English. Improved printing and cheap paper and a growing reading population led to a growth in newspapers, but they were expensive. In the 20th century, production costs fell with the introduction of new technology.



C) encouraged more and more people to learn to read D) are not as popular now as they were E) soon spread from Europe to the rest of the world



73. According to the passage, a newspaper not only gives news ----.



75. We understand from the passage that 20th century technology ----.



A) though this is its main function



A) has led to a lack of interest in newspapers



B) but also offers some discussion of the news



B) helped newspapers to collect news from distant places



C) as few people are really interested in the news



C) made it possible to print cheaper newspapers



D) but provides entertainment, too



D) has made newspapers an essential part of everyday life



E) but also illustrates the news with photographs



E) has improved news reporting worldwide



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



61



2009 - YDS / İNG 78. I wouldn’t trust her if I were you because she never keeps promises.



76. – 80. sorularda, verilen cümleye anlamca en yakın olan cümleyi bulunuz.



A) Since she never talks about what she has done, it’s very difficult to depend on her.



76. If you want to get to school on time, you should get up early.



B) If she really respected people, she would keep her promises.



A) He wanted to get to school on time, but he didn’t get up early enough.



C) Though she never keeps a promise herself, she expects others to do so.



B) A person who gets up late risks missing the bus for school.



D) I should let you know that she never expects people to keep their own promises.



C) You got up late, so you couldn’t get to school on time.



E) I’ve never known her to keep a promise, so I don’t think you should rely on her.



D) What if you get up late? You can’t allow yourself to be late for school again. E) So as not to be late for school, you’ve got to get up early.



77. I wonder what our teacher will say when she realizes that we worked together on our research projects.



79. Shall we have chicken with mushroom sauce for dinner tonight?



A) I wish I knew whether or not our teacher will approve of our cooperation on the research projects.



A) Do the children like chicken with mushroom sauce? I’m planning to fix that for dinner tonight. B) What would you like for dinner tonight? Chicken again?



B) I am sure our teacher will be angry when she finds out that we worked together to finish the research projects.



C) I’m making chicken in a different way tonight, OK?



C) Our teacher will certainly understand that we cooperated on our research projects; what do you think her reaction will be?



D) Would you like to have chicken with mushroom sauce for dinner tonight?



D) When our teacher discovered that we cooperated on our research projects, what did she say?



E) If I make chicken for dinner tonight, should I put mushroom sauce on it?



E) Do you think our teacher will let us work together on our research projects when we ask her?



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



62



2009 - YDS / İNG 82. Can one ever grow tired of Istanbul? The city is not only Turkey’s financial and commercial capital, but its cultural and artistic one as well. The festivals that take place throughout the year turn this city into a world metropolis. ----. Art in one form or another is to be found in every corner of the city.



80. I think Matisse was every bit as revolutionary an artist as Picasso. A) If you want my opinion, Matisse was much more revolutionary an artist than Picasso. B) If you ask me, Matisse and Picasso were both equally revolutionary artists.



A) At the same time, Istanbul offers excellent opportunities for golf enthusiasts



C) Matisse was not quite as revolutionary an artist as Picasso, in my opinion.



B) But Istanbul’s cultural and artistic life is not limited to festivals alone



D) Neither Matisse nor Picasso was a revolutionary artist, as I see it.



C) In fact, the many mosques with their graceful minarets rising skyward are an important feature of Istanbul’s skyline



E) Picasso was quite a revolutionary artist, but Matisse was a bit more so, in my view.



D) Others enjoy the night life of Istanbul E) Indeed, Istanbul is a city of contrasts



81. – 85. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz. 81. Some tourists see some pretty things, drink too much, sleep in a hotel bed, and end up with a souvenir or two. ----. Some other tourists like to stay awhile, meet local people, learn how they live and think, rent apartments, and even sign up for language classes.



83. Old newpapers work well as fire lighters. ----. Place several on top of your firewood between the logs. Light each at both ends. The air in the paper tubes fuels the fire, and the knot keeps the paper from moving around.



A) Yet a few days after they get home, it is easy to feel that maybe they never went away at all



A) Roll a sheet of paper diagonally into a long tube, and tie a knot in the centre



B) Many people like to pack their own meals before going abroad



B) Therefore, do not throw away newspapers which have been read before tying a knot in the tubes



C) In fact, they do not mind sleeping in a strange bed, since they are enjoying themselves



C) Some people already used them for this purpose, despite the risks involved



D) At the same time, they prefer to stay with local families



D) Re-using newspapers as paper tubes decreases the number of trees cut



E) In contrast, they visit the same place again if they feel satisfied with it



E) It is also a good idea to give them to others to read after a knot has been tied



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



63



2009 - YDS / İNG 84. When it is summer in North America and Europe, skiers and snowboarders are probably suffering, since it will be months before snow starts to fall again. ----. The season there runs from July to October, and in a good year, these areas stay open well into November and December.



86. – 90. sorularda, verilen durumda söylenmiş olabilecek sözü bulunuz. 86. You see a friend on the street. His ankle is wrapped in a bandage, and he is walking with difficulty. You say to yourself:



A) With the climate change, glaciers are melting everywhere



A) He should twist his ankle.



B) Unfortunately, this is because the northern and southern hemispheres experience the seasons at differing times



B) He must twist his ankle.



C) Therefore, Australia is an ideal travel destination year-round



D) He must have twisted his ankle.



C) His ankle has been twisted.



E) His twisted ankle was very painful.



D) But the snow in central New Zealand is very attractive then E) However, they are looking for icy, hard-packed snow



85. In 2006, inspired by the destruction left in the wake of Hurricane Katrina, Larry Sass, architect and professor, developed a design for a digitallyfabricated house. ----. These strong, ready-toinhabit structures can be used to quickly rehouse victims displaced by disasters. A) Even an inexperienced builder can construct one with a minimal number of tools in no time B) The number of people who lost their houses in the hurricane was extremely high



87. You have friends visiting from outside your hometown, and you want to take them out for dinner. You telephone a restaurant and say: A) You have to reserve me a table for six. B) Reserve me a table for six. C) Does everybody need to reserve a table? D) Would you like to reserve me a table for six?



C) Architects throughout the country expect him to win an award for his project



E) I’d like to reserve a table for six.



D) However, traditionally-built houses are much more durable compared to digitally-produced ones E) He was deeply affected by how much the hurricane victims in New Orleans suffered



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



64



2009 - YDS / İNG 90. One day, a very close friend criticizes you with some rude words. You want to let him know it wasn’t his criticism but words that upset you, but you don’t want to offend him; so you say:



88. One of your new office-mates is always disturbing you and your colleagues, as she never stops talking loudly. Since she’s a good friend of yours, you’ve been keeping this from the manager. But now you’re getting tired of it, so you decide to share your problem with another friend. You say:



A) Why don’t you mind your own business? B) You’d better apologize for what you’ve just said.



A) I quite like our new office-mate. What do you think of her?



C) I know that you’re trying to help me, but I wish you had done it more politely.



B) I don’t think the manager will do anything about this, as he likes her.



D) You know that I can’t stand having my work criticized.



C) You’re the only one who doesn’t ever talk loudly.



E) You can’t be serious. Are you kidding?



D) I’m not going to cover up for her any longer! E) Could you have a word with her? Perhaps she’ll tell you what’s upsetting her.



91. – 95. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz. 91. Teacher : - As you know, many of the animals that existed in the past have become extinct; that is, they have disappeared from the face of the earth, mostly as a result of human activities. Student : - Is it only human activities that have caused the extinction of animals? 89. Your cousin has organized an exhibition of her paintings, which are really good. Being a modest person, she rejects your compliments politely, so you say to her: A) You’re trying to get me to compliment you, aren’t you? B) Come on. You deserve every single word I’ve said.



Teacher : - ---Student : - I think dinosaurs could be an example of such extinct species. I read in a science magazine that they became extinct when a huge meteor hit the earth, millions of years before humans existed. A) No. There are other causes that have resulted in extinction. Can you think of any examples?



C) I like your style, but not your subject matter. D) You need to be more modest.



B) What we do to our planet is more than enough to cause extinction.



E) Sorry, I was so critical the last time we met.



C) Mostly, yes. Just think of the dinosaurs, which became extinct some 65 million years ago. D) Of course. Natural events have never caused the extinction of any species other than the dinosaurs. E) Indeed, the human contribution to natural disasters cannot be ignored, as in the case of dinosaurs.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



65



2009 - YDS / İNG 93. Pat : - Mary’s very excited about something; do you know what?



92. Brian : - I see you’re reading a novel by one of my favourite authors. Are you a fan of his, too?



Beth : - Yes; she’s won a high school competition for a science project.



Susan : - Not yet. I’m reading him now for the first time. Brian : - ----



Pat : - ----



Susan : - Yes, I’ve already noticed that.



Beth : - Yes, so am I.



A) Sure. Nearly all of them take place by the sea.



A) Then no wonder she has been so excited!



B) All his novels have been made into movies. C) The one you’re reading now is one of his best.



B) What a surprise! I didn’t know she was that good!



D) He creates wonderful characters.



C) Has she really? I’m so pleased for her.



E) The plot of that one, however, didn’t satisfy me.



D) I like Mary; she works hard and she plays hard. E) Let’s go and congratulate her.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



66



2009 - YDS / İNG 94. Jim : - Why are the zoo-keepers hiding the bananas up in the trees? Robert : - So that the monkeys have to hunt around and find them.



95. Peter : - It says in our programme that they are holding a departmental orientation in the last two weeks of the preparatory school. Sarah : - ----



Jim : - ---Robert : - Yes, it would. But then the monkeys would have nothing to do all day, and they would get very bored.



Peter : - It means that we are going to be taken to our future departments to see what it is like to be students there. Sarah : - That sounds like fun! A) What does that mean?



A) What about the young ones? Will they get enough to eat?



B) How long will the orientation last?



B) Would the monkeys enjoy hunting for their food?



C) When does the orientation start?



C) Does it seem like a game to them?



D) Why is it necessary to do such a thing?



D) Would they be able to find all the bananas that have been hidden?



E) Where does the orientation take place?



E) Wouldn’t it be simpler just to give them to the monkeys?



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



67



2009 - YDS / İNG 99. (I) Leather is a material prepared from the skins of animals. (II) It is a hard-wearing, longlasting material when properly treated. (III) It has a variety of uses. (IV) In particular, it is used to make shoes, bags, and clothes. (V) Books with leather bindings are usually expensive.



96. – 100. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. 96. (I) I grew up in tornado country, and because of that I always keep an eye on the weather. (II) I do this even when I am in my office in Washington. (III) If the western sky shows violent movement, I watch for the dangerous green light I knew in my childhood. (IV) That was mostly a happy time for me. (V) It always signalled that chaos was coming. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



B) II



C) III



D) IV



B) II



C) III



D) IV



C) III



D) IV



E) V



100. (I) Water is, after all, absolutely essential to life. (II) One of the things that nature recycles is water. (III) Nature’s recycling programme for water is called the water cycle. (IV) Water goes from the ocean, lakes and rivers into the air. (V) Water falls from the air as rain or snow, which eventually finds its way back to the ocean directly or through rivers. A) I



E) V



98. (I) Ships are very important to the way we live. (II) Ships carry oil that is made into gasoline for our cars. (III) Though they may look very different from each other, all ships have the same basic parts. (IV) They also bring in much of the food we eat, the clothes we wear, and the computers, furniture, and televisions we use. (V) All around us, many of the things we see travelled to where we are on a ship. A) I



B) II



E) V



97. (I) Deserts get very little rain, but cactuses, trees and even wildflowers still manage to grow in some desert areas. (II) Most deserts form because of air movements over the planet. (III) These plants have special characteristics that help them get and store water. (IV) Some of them have small leaves to keep water from escaping into the air. (V) Some other desert plants have long roots that reach water deep underground. A) I



A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



TEST BİTTİ. CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.



E) V



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



68



YABANCI DİL SINAVI (YDS) 21 HAZİRAN 2009



İNGİLİZCE



1. C



26. D



51. B



76. E



2. A



27. E



52. C



77. C



3. D



28. A



53. A



78. E



4. B



29. D



54. B



79. D



5. C



30. E



55. E



80. B



6. A



31. A



56. D



81. A



7. E



32. B



57. C



82. B



8. D



33. C



58. A



83. A



9. E



34. E



59. D



84. D



10. A



35. B



60. A



85. A



11. B



36. C



61. B



86. D



12. C



37. A



62. A



87. E



13. E



38. D



63. D



88. D



14. C



39. E



64. B



89. B



15. E



40. A



65. A



90. C



16. A



41. B



66. C



91. A



17. D



42. D



67. A



92. D



18. E



43. B



68. C



93. C



19. C



44. E



69. E



94. E



20. B



45. B



70. D



95. A



21. C



46. C



71. E



96. D



22. D



47. D



72. D



97. B



23. B



48. E



73. B



98. C



24. A



49. D



74. A



99. E



25. C



50. E



75. C



100. A



A 2009-TUS İlkbahar / İNG 3. Aşağıdakilerden hangisi parçada sözü edilen çalışmayla ilgili olarak doğrudur?



1. – 5. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Toplam 14.723 olgudan kaçının ölümle sonuçlandığı araştırılmıştır.



“Abdominal obesity is more closely associated with the risk of several chronic diseases than is gluteofemoral obesity, and large studies have suggested that waist circumference or the waist-tohip ratio, as indicators of abdominal obesity, may be better predictors of the risk of disease than the bodymass index (BMI), an indicator of general adiposity,” states a study by a group of researchers. The investigators used Cox regression analysis, with age as the time variable, to stratify the models by study centre and age at enrollment, with further adjustment for educational level, smoking status, alcohol intake, physical activity, and height. Mean follow-up was 9.7 years, during which there were 14,723 deaths. A BMI of 25.3 kg/m2 for men and 24.3 kg/m2 for women were associated with the lowest mortality risks related to BMI. Waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio were strongly associated with mortality risk after adjustment for BMI. Limitations of this study include potential confounding by other serious diseases, heterogeneity across centres, use of overall mortality and broad categories of cause-specific mortality in the analysis of risk that may limit interpretations of the causes of the associations, lower level of accuracy for the coding of deaths from respiratory causes, possibly erroneous classification of some deceased participants as alive, and possible residual confounding.



B) Olgular ortalama 9.7 yıldır obestirler. C) Vücut kitle indeksi 24.3 ü kg/m2 olan kadınlarda ölüm riski en düşüktür. D) En güçlü bağlantı, ölüm riski ile yüksek vücut kitle indeksi arasında bulunmuştur. E) Ölüm oranının en yüksek olduğu erkeklerde belkalça oranı 25.3 kg/m2 bulunmuştur.



4. Parçada sözü edilen çalışmanın zayıf yönleri arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi sayılmamıştır? A) Merkezler arasındaki farklılıklar B) Değişken olarak genel mortalitenin kullanılmış olması C) Ölüm nedenleri arasına solunum yolu sorunlarının katılmamış olması



1. Parçada sözü edilen çalışmada, kronik hastalık risk belirteçlerinden hangisinin öngörü değerinin diğerlerinden daha az olduğu ileri sürülmüştür?



D) Nedene özgü mortalite sınıflamalarının geniş tutulması E) Diğer ağır hastalıkların sonuçları etkilemiş olma olasılığı



A) Bel çevresi B) Vücut kitle indeksi C) Bel-kalça oranı D) Abdominal şişmanlık E) Karın bölgesinde yağlanma



5. Parçanın son cümlesinde geçen “deceased” sözcüğünün Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



2. Parçaya göre, aşağıdakilerden hangisi verilerin analizinde düzeltme yapıldığı ifade edilen değişkenlerden biri değildir?



A) Ölmüş



A) Eğitim düzeyi



B) Araştırmaya dahil edilmiş



B) Boy



C) Hastaneye yatırılmış



C) Alkol tüketimi



D) Takipten çıkmış



D) Sigara kullanımı



E) Hastalanmış



E) Ağırlık Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



1



A 2009-TUS İlkbahar / İNG 7. Parçada sözü edilen çalışmanın hipotezinde, aşağıdaki hangi ilişkinin araştırılması amaçlanmaktadır?



6. – 10. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) NSAID kullanımı ile prostat kanseri riski



Previous research suggests that nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) reduce prostate inflammation. Low-dose aspirin is also commonly used to reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease. In this study, researchers evaluated the association between NSAID use, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, and prostate volume, and hypothesized that men using NSAIDs would have lower PSA levels, prostate volume and prostate cancer risk. The study cohort consisted of 1,277 men who were participating in a multicentered rapid-recruitment protocol that collected clinical, biological, behavioural, and bodymeasurement data from participants who were scheduled for diagnostic prostate biopsy. Information about NSAID use was obtained from surveys and interviews, and data concerning PSA levels, prostate volume, and clinical diagnoses after biopsy were obtained from medical charts. The researchers found that about 46% of the men were using an NSAID, with the majority (37%) taking aspirin. After adjustment for confounders, aspirin use was significantly associated with lower PSA levels. Aspirin use appeared to have the most effect on the PSA levels of men with a prostate volume of 60 mL or more, those who were diagnosed with prostate cancer, and those with both cancer and prostate enlargement. The use of NSAIDs was not significantly associated with prostate volume (47.6 vs. 46.0 mL). Although the data are consistent with the hypothesis that NSAIDs are reducing cancer risk, it also opens the door for detection bias. Are aspirin and other NSAIDs affecting the ability to detect cancer, are they reducing carcinogenesis, or is it occurring simultaneously? This will be the next obvious analysis.



B) Prostat inflamasyonu ile PSA düzeyleri C) Prostat hacmi ile prostat kanseri riski D) Prostat inflamasyonu ile prostat kanseri riski E) Prostat hacmi ile PSA düzeyleri



8. Parçada, klinik, biyolojik, davranışsal ve vücut ölçüm verilerinin aşağıdaki hangi kaynaktan toplandığı belirtilmektedir? A) PSA düzeyleri yüksek olan erkeklerden B) Prostat muayenesi yapılmış erkeklerin tümünden C) NSAID kullananlarla yapılan anketlerden D) Hastaların tıbbi dosyalarından E) Tanısal prostat biyopsisi planlanmış erkeklerden



9. Parçaya göre, aşağıdakilerden hangisi araştırmanın sonuçlarından biri değildir? A) Erkeklerin yarıdan çoğu NSAID kullanmamışlardır. B) Aspirin kullanımı ile PSA düşüklüğü arasında önemli bir ilişki vardır. C) Prostatı küçük ama kanserli olan erkeklerde PSA baskılanmamıştır. D) Aspirinin PSA üzerindeki en güçlü etkisi, prostat kanseri olanlardadır. E) NSAID kullanan erkeklerin çoğu aspirin almaktadır.



6. Parçaya göre, geçmişte yapılmış çalışmalar NSAID’lerin aşağıdakilerden hangisini azalttığını iddia etmektedir? A) Kardiyovasküler hastalık riski



10. Parçaya göre, yazarlar bir sonraki değerlendirmede aşağıdaki hangi konunun araştırılması gerektiğini savunmaktadırlar?



B) PSA düzeyleri C) Prostat hacmi



A) Aspirin ve NSAID’lerin kanser oluşumuna etkisi



D) Prostat inflamasyonu



B) Aspirin ve diğer NSAID’lerin olası etki farklılıklarının



E) Prostat kanseri riski



C) Mevcut kanser tanı yöntemlerinin yeterliliği D) Karsinogenezin hangi mekanizmayla önlendiğinin E) PSA ölçüm yöntemlerinin doğruluğunun Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



2



A 2009-TUS İlkbahar / İNG 12. Aşağıdakilerden hangisi parçada sözü edilen çalışmaya katılan kadınlar arasında yer almamaktadır?



11. – 15. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Sıcak basmaları olanlar



The goal of a cross-sectional study in the US was to determine whether cigarette smoking is associated with hot flashes through a mechanism involving the levels of serum androgen, progesterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, or the ratio of androgens to estrogens. The study sample consisted of 362 women with hot flashes and 266 without hot flashes, who were not postmenopausal, ages 45 to 54 years; living in Baltimore, Maryland, and the surrounding counties; with at least 3 menstrual cycles in the previous 12 months. Compared with never-smokers, current smokers had significantly higher androstenedione levels, higher androgen-to-estrogen ratio, and lower progesterone levels. The odds of experiencing hot flashes were greater in former and current cigarette smokers vs. never-smokers (former smokers: odds ratio (OR), 1.41; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.99-2.01; current smokers: OR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.28-4.62). Limitations of this study include smoking obtained by self-report; cross-sectional design, precluding determination of the temporality of the association between smoking and hot flashes; and collection of only 1 blood sample per participant in the study. “Cigarette smoking is associated with hot flushes through a mechanism that may not involve alterations in hormone levels or their ratios,” the study authors write. “Rather, the effect is probably a more direct stimulatory action of nicotine on the nicotinic receptors in the hypothalamus.”



B) Yaşları 45-54 arasındakiler C) Baltimore ve çevresinde yaşayanlar D) Son 1 yılda en az 3 kez adet görmüş olanlar E) Menopoza girmiş olanlar



13. Parçaya göre, düşük progesteron düzeyleri aşağıdaki özelliklerden hangisini taşıyan olgularda gözlemlenmiştir? A) Hâlen sigara içenlerde B) Eskiden sigara içmiş olanlarda C) Sıcak basması şikâyeti olmayanlarda D) Androstenedion düzeyi yüksek olanlarda E) Hiç sigara içmemişlerde



14. Aşağıdakilerden hangisi parçada sözü edilen çalışmanın zayıf yönlerinden biri olarak sayılmıştır? A) Her bir olgudan birden fazla kan örneği alınmış olması B) Sigara kullanımının sadece kişilerin kendi ifadelerine dayandırılması C) İçilen sigara sayısının dikkate alınmamış olması D) Sıcak basma şikâyetinin diğer olası nedenlerinin araştırılmamış olması



11. Parçada sözü edilen çalışmada, sigara içilmesi ile aşağıdakilerden hangisi arasındaki ilişkinin mekanizması araştırılmaktadır?



E) Prospektif randomize bir çalışma olması



A) Seks hormon bağlayıcı globülin düzeyleri B) Androjen estrojen oranı



15. Parçada sözü edilen çalışmanın yazarlarının nikotinin hipotalamusa etkisiyle ilgili olarak söyledikleri arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi yer almamaktadır?



C) Progesteron düzeyleri D) Sıcak basmaları



A) Hormon düzey değişiklikleri üzerindendir.



E) Androjen düzeyleri



B) Daha doğrudan bir etkidir. C) Uyarıcıdır. D) Reseptörler üzerindendir. E) Etki mekanizması kesin değildir.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



3



A 2009-TUS İlkbahar / İNG 18. Parçada sözü edilen hastanın öyküsünde aşağıdakilerden hangisi sayılmamaktadır?



16. – 20. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Benzer bir ağrıyı geçmişte hiç yaşamamış olduğu



A previously healthy 15-year-old girl presented to the emergency department with a two day history of abdominal and lower back pain. The pain was reported to be a heavy sensation in the lumbosacral area. There was no associated nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or vaginal discharge. She had a good appetite. There was no previous history of similar pain. She denied any bowel symptoms but reported having dysuria. She had not had menstruation. She also denied trauma or fall. Her past medical history and family history was not significant. In the emergency department, she was alert but appeared uncomfortable. Her vital signs were as follows: temperature 37.7°F, heart rate 80 beats/minute, respiratory rate 20 breaths/minute, and blood pressure 100/58 mm Hg. Physical examination showed well-developed secondary sexual characteristics. She had bilateral breath sounds. Heart sounds were normal. Her abdomen was soft and nondistended. There was diffuse tenderness in the lower abdomen but no rebound tenderness. She had no costovertebral or point tenderness on her back. Pelvic examination revealed a bulging intact hymen consistent with imperforate hymen. Rectal examination showed good sphincter tone with no masses or blood.



B) Öz ve soy geçmişinde önemli bir hastalık geçirmemiş olduğu C) Çarpma ya da düşme öyküsünün bulunmadığı D) Barsak şikâyetlerinin olmadığı E) Adet kanamalarının düzenli ve ağrısız olduğu



19. Parçaya göre, aşağıdakilerden hangisi hastanın acil serviste yapılan muayenesinin bulgularından biri değildir? A) Rahatsız görünümde B) Meme gelişimi gibi cinsiyet özellikleri az gelişmiş C) Kalp ve solunum sesleri normal D) Karın yumuşak, şişkinlik yok



16. Aşağıdakilerden hangisi parçada sözü edilen hastada görülen ağrı semptomunun özelliklerinden biridir?



E) Uyanık



A) Yansıması kuyruk sokumunda hissedilmektedir. B) Ağrılı bölge dokunmakla hassastır. C) Karın bölgesine sınırlıdır.



20. Parçaya göre, hastanın fizik muayenesinde aşağıdakilerden hangisi bulunmuştur?



D) Son 2 gündür mevcuttur.



A) Alt karında kitle



E) Sırtın alt kısmından başlamıştır.



B) Rektal muayenede kitle C) Sırtta yaygın hassasiyet D) Açıklığı olmayan kızlık zarı



17. Aşağıdakilerden hangisi parçada sözü edilen hastanın şikâyetleri arasında yer almaktadır?



E) Alt karında lokal hassasiyet



A) İshal B) Bulantı C) İdrar yanması D) Akıntı E) İştahsızlık Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



4



A 2009-TUS İlkbahar / İNG 22. Parçaya göre, in vitro testlerde, nikotinin aşağıdakilerden hangisine bağlanması ile hücre büyümesi ve göçünün başlatıldığı bulunmuştur?



21. – 25. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) PKC



Some researchers have investigated the effect of nicotine on breast tumour development. They found that by interacting with receptors, nicotine can stimulate breast cancer tumourigenesis and progression by initiating a signalling cascade that involves protein kinase C (PKC) and cdc42. The investigation suggests that nicotine mobilizes PKC and cdc42 signalling in both normal breast cells and cancer cells to promote cell migratory activity. Through a series of in vitro tests, the researchers found that human mammary epithelial-like MCF10A cells and cancerous MCF7 cells express at least 4 subunits of nicotine acetylcholine receptor. When bound, they can initiate a signalling process that potentially increases cell growth and migration. In a journal they stated: “However, nicotine is not a conventional carcinogen, but rather it combines with other yetto-be-determined factors to enable tumourigenesis, including breast cancer.” Actually, nicotine was originally thought to be primarily responsible for tobacco addiction, but many studies now report that nicotine has the ability to modulate various key biological activities in nonneuronal tissues. Of particular importance is that nicotine appears to promote the survival of numerous cell types, including keratinocytes and head or neck tumour cells. In the journal, they concluded that this suggests a caution for the use of nicotine as if there wasn’t enough research already providing good reasons not to smoke.



B) cdc42 C) MCF10A D) MCF7 E) Asetilkolin reseptörü



23. Parçaya göre, nikotinin başlangıçta aşağıdakilerden hangisinden esas olarak sorumlu olduğu düşünülmüştür? A) Keratinositlerin uyarılmasından B) Tütün alışkanlığından C) Meme epitel hücrelerinin çoğalmasından D) Kanserli akciğer hücrelerindeki çoğalmadan E) Kanserin ortaya çıkmasından



24. Parçada, sigara kullanımıyla ilgili olarak aşağıdaki hangi konuda zaten yeterli sayıda bilimsel çalışmanın bulunduğu söylenmektedir? A) Kanser oluşumunu hızlandırdığı B) Alışkanlık yaptığı C) Sağlık için zararlı olduğu D) Yaşam süresini kısalttığı



21. Parçada sözü edilen araştırmada, nikotinin meme hücresine olan etkileriyle ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi yanlıştır?



E) İçilmemesi gerektiği



A) Kendi reseptörlerinin sayısını artırır. B) Tümörün ilerlemesini hızlandırır. 25. Parçanın sekizinci cümlesinde geçen “various” sözcüğünün Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



C) Protein kinaz C serbestleşmesini başlatır. D) cdc42 sinyalini harekete geçirir. E) Memede tümör oluşumunu uyarır.



A) Çeşitli



B) Benzer



C) Belirli



D) Karmaşık E) Düzenli



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



5



A 2009-TUS İlkbahar / İNG 28. Parçada, acil servise ulaştığında hastanın şikâyetinin aşağıdakilerden hangisi olduğu belirtilmektedir?



26. – 30. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Nefes darlığı



A call is received in the emergency department (ED) reporting a 10-min estimated time of arrival for a 17year-old male who was found in cardiac arrest following a blow to the chest. The patient has regained spontaneous circulation, and is currently stable and maintaining his own airway. Upon arrival at the ED, the patient reports only mild anterior chest wall pain and denies any substernal chest pain, shortness of breath, palpitations, weakness, or confusion. He states that he has never before fainted. The patient and his mother deny any significant past medical or family history, including any arrhythmias, unexplained sudden deaths, or cardiac structural diseases. He denies any smoking, drinking, or use of any medications. The patient is placed on a cardiac monitor upon arrival to the ED. A portable, upright chest radiograph shows somewhat underaerated lungs but no signs of fractures, widening of the mediastinum, cardiomegaly, or hemopneumothorax.



B) Ön göğüs duvarında hafif ağrı C) Çarpıntı D) Şiddetli halsizlik E) Sternum arkasında göğüs ağrısı



29. Parçada sözü edilen hastanın öz ve/veya soy geçmişinde aşağıdakilerden hangisi belirtilmemektedir? A) Alkol ve sigara kullandığı B) Ailede kimsenin bilinmeyen bir nedenle aniden ölmediği C) Yapısal bir kalp hastalığının olmadığı



26. Parçada sözü edilen hastayla ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmemektedir?



D) Geçmişte hiç bayılmadığı



A) Dolaşımın kendiliğinden geri geldiği



E) Aritmisinin bulunmadığı



B) Acil servise 10 dakikalık mesafede olduğu C) Solunumunun yardımla sağlandığı D) O anda durumunun stabil olduğu E) Bulunduğunda kalbinin çalışmadığı 30. Parçaya göre, acil serviste çekilen göğüs filminde aşağıdakilerden hangisi saptanmıştır? A) Göğüs boşluğunda kan ve hava B) Mediastende genişleme



27. Parçaya göre, hastayı acil servise getiren olay aşağıdakilerden hangisiyle ilişkilidir?



C) Kalpte büyüme



A) Hava yolunda tıkanma



D) Akciğerlerde havalanma azlığı



B) Baygınlık sonucu yere düşme



E) Kırık



C) Dolaşım yetmezliği D) İlaç kullanımı E) Göğüs duvarına aldığı darbe



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



6



A 2009-TUS İlkbahar / İNG 33. Parçada, tarama testleri bağlamında ilk dikkat edilecek konunun aşağıdakilerden hangisi olması gerektiği belirtilmektedir?



31. – 35. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Uygulanması kolay olmalıdır.



For the first time, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends that routine colorectal cancer (CRC) screenings can eventually be stopped in individuals older than 75 years who have a consistent history of negative screening results and in all adults older than 85 years. Also, the USPSTF now recommends that adults aged 50 to 75 years be screened with either annual high-sensitivity foecal occult blood testing or sigmoidoscopy every 5 years, with high-sensitivity foecal occult blood testing between sigmoidoscopic examinations or colonoscopy every 10 years. In its recommendations, the USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is “insufficient to assess the benefits and harms” of computed tomographic (CT) colonography and foecal DNA testing as screening modalities. “When you screen, the first consideration is ‘Do no harm.’ There are uncertainties about radiation risk and CTC (CT colonography), especially with regard to repeat screenings over time. Also, because CTC is imaging more than the colon, up to 16% of patients will need additional testing for follow-up of incidental findings outside the colon.”



B) Sensitivitesi yüksek olmalıdır. C) Zararlı olmamalıdır. D) Spesifisitesi yüksek olmalıdır. E) Ucuz olmalıdır.



34. Parçada, radyasyon riski ile CT testi arasındaki belirsizliklerden bahsedilirken taramanın özellikle aşağıdaki hangi durumda riski artırabileceği ileri sürülmektedir? A) Geniş toplum taramalarında B) Eski teknolojili CTC kullanıldığında



31. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisi USPSTF’nin rutin kolorektal kanser taraması konusundaki önerileri arasında yer almamaktadır?



C) İnce kesitler alınarak çok sayıda işlem yapıldığında



A) Tarama 85 yaşın üzerindeki tüm erişkinlerde durdurulabilir.



D) Sadece barsakların değil tüm karın bölgesi kapsandığında



B) 50-75 yaş arasındaki erişkinler yılda bir kez gaitada gizli kan testi ile taranmalıdırlar.



E) Zaman içinde tekrarlandığında



C) 50-75 yaş arasındaki erişkinler 5 yılda bir sigmoidoskopi ile taranmalıdırlar. D) 50-75 yaş arasındaki erişkinler 10 yılda bir kolonoskopi ile taranmalıdırlar. 35. Parçaya göre, CTC uygulanan hastaların % 16’sında aşağıdaki durumlardan hangisi ortaya çıkmaktadır?



E) Aile öyküsü negatif ise tarama testleri 75 yaş üzerindeki erişkinlerde durdurulabilir.



A) Rahatsızlık duygusunun tetiklenmesi 32. Parçaya göre, CT ve gaitada DNA testleri ile tarama konusunda USPSTF mevcut kanıtlara göre aşağıdaki hangi sonuca ulaşmıştır?



B) Aslında hastalık yokken pozitif bulgu C) Diğer tarama test sonuçlarıyla uyumsuzluk



A) Yararları olası zararlarından fazladır.



D) Kalın barsak dışındaki bulguların izlenmesi için ilave test gereği



B) Eldeki veriler yarar ve zararları göstermek için yetersizdir.



E) Kolonda patolojik lezyon



C) Olası yarar ve zararlarını gösterecek çalışmalar yapılmamıştır. D) Zararları ağır bastığı için önerilmemektedir. E) Yararlı oldukları gösterilmiştir. Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



7



A 2009-TUS İlkbahar / İNG 37. Parçada sözü edilen hasta aşağıdaki hangi nedenle iki yıl kadar önce tedavi görmüştür?



36. – 40. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Boynun sol tarafında kitle A 42-year-old man presents to the otolaryngology clinic with a right ear mass situated in the conchal bowl. The mass has been present for a few months, without any notable changes in size. The patient’s primary concern is his cosmetic appearance. He denies experiencing any pain, warmth, or tenderness associated with the mass. The patient’s past medical history is significant for a 4-month history of a leftsided cervical neck mass and ipsilateral Horner syndrome, for which he received treatment about 2 years ago. Fine-needle aspiration at that time revealed numerous sinus histiocytes, but further tissue was needed for a definitive diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans taken at that time demonstrated that the mass was encasing the carotid artery and showed prominence of nasopharyngeal tissue, which was also seen on the clinical examination. The patient was taken to the operating room and underwent biopsies of the nasopharynx and tonsils, which were negative for malignancy. The patient was then treated by the oncology service with dexamethasone 4 mg twice daily for 14 days. He had noted resolution of his ptosis and a decrease in the size of his neck mass. The patient returned 2 months later with improved, but still notable, miosis, as well as the presence of a neck mass. He was once again given dexamethasone 4 mg twice daily for 1 month, but he was subsequently lost to follow-up until his current presentation in the otolaryngology clinic.



B) Bademcik iltihabı C) Farenjit D) Sağda Horner sendromu E) Kulak ağrısı



38. Parçada sözü edilen hastaya aşağıdaki hangi nedenle ince iğne aspirasyonunu takiben biyopsi yapılması gerekmiştir? A) Hastalığın yaygınlığının araştırılması için B) Biyopsi alınan bölgelerde de kitleler olduğu için C) Kesin tanı için daha fazla doku gerektiğinden D) Hasta aspirasyon işlemini tolere edemediği için E) Şüpheli hücrelere rastlandığı için



39. Parçaya göre, hastanın MRI görüntülemesinde, klinik muayenede de fark edilmiş olduğu belirtilen, aşağıdaki hangi bulgu saptanmıştır? A) Boyunda kitle B) Lenfadenopati C) Çevre dokuya infiltrasyon D) Nazofarinks dokusunda belirginleşme



36. Parçaya göre, kulak-burun-boğaz kliniğine sağ kulakta kitle ile başvuran erkek hastanın asıl şikâyeti aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



E) Karotid arterde incelme



A) Lokal ısı artışı 40. Parçada sözü edilen hastanın önceki tedavilerinin ardından kulak-burun-boğaz kliniğine kulaktaki kitle ile son başvurusuna kadar geçen sürede hangi durumda olduğu belirtilmektedir?



B) Kitlenin görüntüsü C) Hassasiyet D) Renk değişikliği



A) Kontrollere gelmeyerek takipten çıkmış



E) Ağrı



B) Her iki ayda bir yapılan kontrollerinde kitlede küçülme gözlenmiş C) Deksametazon tedavisi tekrarlanmış D) Tekrar tekrar cerrahi uygulanmış E) Onkoloji servisinde yatarak tedavi görmüş



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



8



A 2009-TUS İlkbahar / İNG 42. Aşağıdakilerden hangisi parçada gıda intoleransına yol açan başlıca besinler arasında sayılmamıştır?



41. – 45. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Kabuklu yemişler



Up to 65% of patients report that their irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms are triggered by food; however, studies to support the relationship between diet, specifically, food allergies or food intolerances, and IBS symptoms are limited. Food intolerances are common among IBS patients and may result in diarrhea and/or abdominal pain. The most common foods associated with food intolerance include milk, wheat, eggs, nuts, shellfish and soybeans. Although lactose intolerance is not a cause of IBS, lactose consumption may exacerbate symptoms in some IBS patients or can be a coexistent condition. Since lactose intolerance can mimic the symptoms of IBS, it is important to determine whether lactose intolerance is a factor through laboratory tests or experimenting with lactose-free diets, particularly in patients with IBS symptoms associated with the intake of dairy products. The exclusion of lactose from the diet may lead to improvement in abdominal pain and diarrhea symptoms. However, the efficacy of lactose-free diets as treatment for IBS symptoms has not been well studied. Food-derived antigens can trigger inflammation if there is a break in the gut barrier. It has been suggested that IgE-mediated food hypersensitivity exists in typically atopic IBS patients. In addition, studies have demonstrated an elevated expression of IgG in IBS patients, which may indicate food intolerance, as having an influence on symptoms in some IBS patients.



B) Soya fasulyesi C) Kabuklu deniz ürünleri D) Balıkyağı E) Buğday



43. Parçaya göre, laktoz intoleransı ile ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi yanlıştır? A) Aynı hastada IBS’ye eşlik edebilir. B) Laktoz tüketimi bazı IBS olgularında semptomları alevlendirebilir. C) Semptomları IBS’yi taklit edebilir. D) IBS olgularına kesinlikle laktoz verilmemelidir. E) IBS’nin nedeni değildir.



44. Parçada, laktoz intoleransı ile ilişkili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisinin yeterince araştırılmadığı belirtilmektedir? A) Laktoz içermeyen diyetlerin IBS semptomlarının tedavisindeki etkinliğinin B) Laboratuvar testleri ile nasıl tanı konulacağının C) Süt ürünleri tüketimi ile IBS semptomlarının düzelip düzelmeyeceğinin



41. Parçada, IBS’nin yenilen besinlerle ilişkisiyle ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisinden söz edilmemiştir?



D) Hastalığın etiopatogenezinin



A) IBS semptomları yiyeceklerle tetiklenir.



E) Laktozun kesilmesi ile karın ağrısı ve ishalin iyileşip iyileşmeyeceğinin



B) Semptomlar ile diyet ilişkisini destekleyen çalışma sayısı sınırlıdır. C) IBS olgularında gıda intoleransı sıktır. D) Gıda intoleransı IBS olgularında ishal ve/veya karın ağrısına yol açar.



45. Parçaya göre, barsak bütünlüğü bozulduğunda aşağıdakilerden hangisi ortaya çıkabilir?



E) Çalışmalarda özellikle gıda alerjisi ile IBS ilişkisi kanıtlanmıştır.



A) IBS semptomlarında artış B) IBS olgularında IgE yapımı C) Besin kaynaklı antijenlerin inflamasyonu tetiklemesi D) IBS olgularında IgG yapımı E) Atopik bünyelerde IBS



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



9



A 2009-TUS İlkbahar / İNG 47. Parçaya göre, yenidoğanın prognostik parametreleri arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi dikkate alınmamıştır?



46. – 50. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. It has been suggested in some parts of the published literature that time of delivery may affect neonatal outcomes, due to factors such as the mother’s circadian rhythm (for example, oxytocin levels are higher at night), the adequacy of cover outside daytime hours, and health professional fatigue. To investigate, researchers conducted a retrospective cohort study of all singleton term pregnancies delivered between 1976 and 2001 at a hospital. They identified a total of 34,424 deliveries meeting the inclusion criteria, of which 15,664 were categorized as day deliveries (7 am to 6 pm), 8,495 were evening deliveries (6 pm to 12 midnight), and 10,265 were late-night deliveries (12 midnight to 7 am). The researchers report that in univariate analyses there were no statistically significant differences between the three groups in any of the neonatal outcomes that were investigated. These were umbilical artery pH, umbilical artery base excess, presence of meconium, meconium aspiration syndrome, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, 5-minute Apgar score, birth trauma (including skull fracture, clavicular fracture, facial nerve palsy and brachial plexus injuries), and intrapartum stillbirth or neonatal death up to the time of hospital discharge or 28 days. In conclusion, time of delivery had no effect on the measures of neonatal morbidity and mortality even after controlling for obstetric history, demographic factors, and the characteristics of labour.



A) Henüz doğum başlamadan önceki ölü doğum olguları B) Mekonyum ile ilgili olanlar C) Yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesine giriş D) Apgar skoru E) Umbilikal arter kan değerleri



48. Parçada, doğum travması sonucu görülebilecek yenidoğan hasarları arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi sayılmamıştır? A) Yüz felci B) Köprücük kemiği kırığı C) Kaburga kırıkları D) Brakiyal sinir zedelenmeleri E) Kafatası kırığı



49. Parçada sözü edilen çalışmanın sonuçlarıyla ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi doğrudur? A) Geçmişteki doğumların prognozları şimdi doğan bebeğin prognozunu da etkiler. B) Demografik faktörler sonuçları değiştirebilir.



46. Aşağıdakilerden hangisi parçada sözü edilen çalışmanın özelliklerinden biri değildir?



C) Doğum eyleminin özellikleri prognostiktir.



A) Veriler geriye dönük olarak doğum kayıtlarından çıkarılmıştır.



D) Çalışmada gözetilen zaman dilimlerindeki farklılıklar sonuçları etkilemiş olabilir.



B) Sadece tekil gebe ve gebelik süresini tamamlamış olgular değerlendirmeye alınmışlardır.



E) Doğum saati ile yenidoğan morbidite ve mortalite ölçütleri arasında herhangi bir ilişki yoktur.



C) Çalışma kriterlerine uyan 34.424 doğum incelenmiştir. D) Doğumlar, sabah 7-akşam 6, akşam 6-gece yarısı ve gece yarısı-sabah 7 arası şeklinde gruplandırılmıştır. E) En çok doğum, akşam 6 ile gece yarısı arasında gerçekleşmiştir.



50. Parçanın ilk cümlesinde geçen “adequacy” sözcüğünün Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Farklılık



B) Yeterlilik



C) Görecelik



D) Çeşitlilik E) Uygulama



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



10



A 2009-TUS İlkbahar / İNG 53. Parçaya göre, aşağıdaki hangi amaçla doktorla hastanın birlikte çalışması gerekir?



51. – 55. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) İlaç maliyetinin düşürülmesi Asthma is a common lung disease affecting millions of people worldwide. It is caused by narrowing of the small airways (tubes) in the lungs. This narrowing is usually reversible, but may occasionally become permanent over time. Many different genetic and environmental factors play a role in causing asthma. Symptoms of asthma include wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. These symptoms tend to come and go, and are related to the degree of airway narrowing in the lungs. A number of different medicines are useful in treating asthma, but not all asthma medicines are appropriate for every patient. Medicines used to treat asthma vary in cost, method of delivery, and potential side effects. Patients are affected differently by asthma, so patients, doctors, and other health care professionals must work together to develop an individualized treatment plan. The purpose of asthma treatment is to manage the disease in order to live as normal a life as possible. This requires being well educated about the disease and being an active player in managing it. Most people with asthma are successful in controlling the disease.



B) İlaç verilme yolunun saptanması C) Yan etkilerinin azaltılması D) Tedavinin bireyselleştirilmesi E) Gereksiz ilaç kullanımının engellenmesi



54. Parçada, birçok hastanın başarılı olduğu söylenen konu aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Hastalığı kontrol etme B) Normal yaşantıyı sürdürme C) Rahat uyuma D) Merdivenleri hızla çıkma E) Koşma



51. Parçada, astımla ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisinden söz edilmemektedir? A) Küçük hava yollarının daralmasından dolayı oluşur. B) Yaygın bir akciğer hastalığıdır. C) Genetik etkenler astıma neden olabilir. D) Çevresel etkenlerin astım oluşmasında rolü vardır.



55. Parçanın altıncı cümlesinde geçen “are related to the degree of” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



E) Öncelikle astıma neden olan yapısal bozukluk belirlenmelidir.



A) Belirtilen düzeyinde B) Derecesiyle ilişkili C) Gelişimiyle bağlantılı



52. Parçada, astım belirtileri arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi sayılmamaktadır?



D) Şiddetiyle orantılı E) Artışına bağlı olarak



A) Öksürme B) Balgam çıkarma C) Hırıldama D) Nefes darlığı E) Göğüste sıkışma



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



11



A 2009-TUS İlkbahar / İNG 58. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisinin periodontal hastalıkta rolü olduğundan söz edilmemektedir?



56. – 60. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Diyabet Older people may take drugs that affect their ability to taste. Drugs affecting taste include some of those for high blood pressure, high cholesterol and depression. Many older people retain their teeth, especially those people who do not develop cavities or periodontal disease, a destructive disease of the gums and supporting structures caused by the long-term accumulation of bacteria. Some older people lose some or all of their teeth and need partial or full dentures. Tooth loss is the major reason that older people cannot chew as well and thus may not consume enough nutrients. Tooth enamel tends to wear away with aging, making the teeth vulnerable to damage and decay, periodontal disease, however is the major cause of tooth loss. Periodontal disease is more likely to occur in people with poor oral hygiene, in people who smoke, and in people with certain disorders, such as diabetes mellitus, poor nutrition, leukaemia, and AIDS. A modest decrease in saliva production occurs with aging. Decreased salivary flow increases the likelihood of tooth decay; some experts also believe that it may make the lining of the oesophagus more susceptible to injury.



B) Sigara içme C) Kötü beslenme D) Lösemi E) Az su içme



59. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisinin yemek borusunu zedelenmeye yatkın hâle getirebileceğinden söz edilmektedir? A) İyi çiğneyememek



56. Parçada, tansiyon ilaçlarının aşağıdakilerden hangisi üzerinde yan etkisi olduğundan söz edilmektedir?



B) Katı gıdalar C) Tükrük azlığı D) Diş çürükleri



A) Kolesterol



E) Ağızdaki bakteriler



B) Mide C) Ruh sağlığı D) Tat alma duyusu E) Koku alma duyusu



60. Parçanın altıncı cümlesinde geçen “wear away” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



57. Parçaya göre, yaşlıların yeterli besin alamamasının başlıca nedeni aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Tat alma duyusunda eksilme



A) Aşınma



B) Diş kaybı



B) Kullanılma D) Bozulma



C) Kırılma



E) Eksilme



C) Takma diş D) Halsizlik E) Kalp damar hastalıkları



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



12



A 2009-TUS İlkbahar / İNG 63. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisinin sık görülmediği söylenmektedir?



61. – 65. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Eklem kilitlenmesi Articular tumours can be classified as those that arise within the synovium; those that arise from cartilage, bone, or contiguous structures; and neoplasms that are non-articular in origin but that metastasize to joints or develop in multiple areas, including joints. Benign tumours include lipomas, neuromas, fibromas, and haemangioma. The most common of these are probably synovial chondromas, which develop as cartilaginous synovial plaqes that sometimes calcify. Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a non-malignant proliferative disorder of unknown cause that usually affects the entire synovium of a single joint. This condition occurs most often in early middle age and in the knee in 80% of cases. Uncommonly two or more joints are involved; similar lesions occur in tendons and bursae. Pain and swelling are characteristic as is serosanguineous synovial fluid. Radiographic signs include soft tissue swelling, osteolysis, subchondral cysts (particularly in the hip) and pressure erosion. One of two major cell types exhibit features associated with osteoclasts. Treatment is synovectom. Haemangioma lipomas and xanthomas may simulate PVNS.



B) Ağrı C) Şişme D) Opasite görüntülenmesi E) Birden çok eklemde tutulum



64. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisi radyolojik bulgular arasında sayılmamıştır? A) Kemik erimesi B) Yumuşak dokuda şişme C) Kıkırdak kaybı D) Kalçada kist E) Basınca bağlı yıpranma



61. Parçada, eklem tümörlerini sınıflandırırken aşağıdakilerden hangisi sayılmamıştır? A) Sinovyadan kemiğe geçen B) Sinovyada oluşan C) Kemikte oluşan 65. Parçanın on ikinci cümlesinde geçen “associated with” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



D) Kıkırdakta oluşan E) Eklem dışında oluşup metastaz yapan



A) İle ilişkili B) Üzerinde etkili C) Nedeniyle D) Karşılaştırmalı olarak E) Yaklaşık olarak



62. Parçada, en sık görüldüğünden söz edilen iyi huylu tümör aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Lipoma



B) Kondroma



C) Nöroma



D) Fibroma



E) Hemanjiyom



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



13



A 2009-TUS İlkbahar / İNG 68. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisinin yüksek basınçlı oksijenle tedavi edildiğinden söz edilmektedir?



66. – 70. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Because the etiology, pathogenesis, and prognosis of the osteopetroses differ, correct classification is crucial. It may be necessary to evaluate disease progression and study the family. For the malignant form, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-identical bone marrow transplantation to supply functional osteoclasts has remarkably benefited some children. Calcium-deficient diets have been used but may be limited by hypocalcemia and rickets. Massive oral doses of calcitriol (1.25-dihydroxycitamin D) together with dietary calcium restriction (to prevent hypercalciuria/hypercalcemia) or human interferon-γ which enhances superoxide production, have been given to stimulate osteoclast activity. Prednisone with a low-calcium, high-phosphate diet may also be effective. Glucoccorticoid therapy stabilizes pancytopenia and hepatosplenomegaly. Hyperbaric oxygenation helps treat osteomyelitis. Surgical decompression of optic and facial nerves can be beneficial. Early prenatal diagnosis, radiographically or by ultrasound, has not been successful.



A) Hiperkalsemi B) Hepatosplenomegali C) Osteopetroz D) Osteomyelit E) Rikets



69. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisinin başarılı olmadığından söz edilmektedir? A) Optik sinir üstündeki basıncı eksiltme B) Doğum öncesi tanı C) Yüksek fosfat içeren diyet D) Glukokortikoidler



66. Parçaya göre, aşağıdakilerden hangisi osteopetrozda çok önemlidir?



E) Kemik iliği transplantasyonu



A) Tedavi B) Doğru sınıflandırma C) Erken tanı D) İlaç seçimi E) Ailevi yatkınlık 70. Parçanın üçüncü cümlesinde geçen “has remarkably benefited” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Hızla geriledi 67. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisinin süperoksit üretimini artırdığından söz edilmektedir?



B) Önemli bir artış görüldü C) Büyük oranda iyileşme sağlandı



A) İnterferon-γ



D) Giderek etkiledi



B) Prednison



E) Kayda değer biçimde yararlandı



C) Düşük kalsiyum D) Glukokortikoidler E) Yüksek dozda kalsitriol



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



14



A 2009-TUS İlkbahar / İNG 73. Parçada sözü edilen hastalığın en yaygın ikincil tutulum yeri aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



71. – 75. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Demonstration of tissue invasion is important for identifying active pulmonary nocardiosis infection because the organism occasionally exists as a respiratory saprophyte. Diagnosis is established in one third of cases in adults by sputum analysis and culture. Bronchoalveolar lavage or lung biopsy may be required to establish the diagnosis in the remaining two thirds of adults and in children. Metastatic lesions may occur anywhere in the body but the brain is the most common secondary site and is affected in 15-40% of cases. Brain abscess is the most common presentation. Persistent neutrophilic meningitis with sterile cultures is classic for central nervous system (CNS) infection. The skin is the third most commonly involved organ. Renal nocardiosis is the fourth most common site, presenting with dysuria, hematuria, or pyuria. Gastrointestinal involvement may also be associated, with nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal distention and melena. Infection may metastasize to skin, pericardium, myorcardium, spleen, liver, or adrenal glands. Bone involvement is rare.



A) Deri



B) Dalak



C) Karaciğer



D) Beyin E) Böbrek



74. Parçada sözü edilen hastalığın sindirim sistemini etkilediği durumda görülebilecek belirtiler arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi sayılmamıştır? A) Mide ağrısı B) Bulantı C) Kusma D) İshal



71. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisinin pulmoner nokardiozda aktif enfeksiyonun tanımlanmasında önemli olduğundan söz edilmektedir?



E) Karın şişmesi



A) Balgamın incelenmesinin B) Etkenin ayırt edilmesinin C) Dokuya yayılmış olmanın D) Yüksek ateşle seyretmesinin E) Erken davranılmasının 75. Parçada, enfeksiyon oluşmasının çok nadir olduğundan söz edilen aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Böbrek üstü bezi B) Kemik



72. Parçada, olguların üçte birinde aşağıdakilerin hangisinin incelenmesiyle tanı sağlandığı belirtilmektedir?



C) Kalp zarı D) Periton



A) Kanın



E) Omurilik



B) Abse içeriğinin C) Alveolar sıvının D) Akciğer biyopsisinin E) Balgamın



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



15



A 2009-TUS İlkbahar / İNG 78. Parçada, riboflavini aşağıdakilerden hangisinin bozduğundan söz edilmektedir?



76. – 80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Asit Riboflavin is a yellow, fluorescent, water-soluble substance that is stable to heat and acid but is destroyed by light and alkali. The coenzymes flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) which form the prosthetic groups of several enzymes important in electron transport are synthesized from riboflavin. Thus riboflavin is essential for growth and tissue respiration. It also may play a role in light adaptation, and it is required for conversion of pyridoxine to pyridoxal phosphate. Large amounts are found in liver, kidney brewer’s yeast, milk, cheese, eggs, and leafy vegetables. Cow’s milk contains about five times as much riboflavin as human milk. Riboflavin deficiency, without deficiencies of other members of the vitamin B complex is rare. Phototherapy destroys riboflavin. Signs and/or symptoms of riboflavin deficiency include cheilosis (perleche) glossitis, keratitis, conjunctivitis, photophobia, lacrimation, marked corneal vascularization and seborrheic dermatitis. A normocytic normochromic anemia with bone marrow hypoplasia is common.



B) Işık D) Nem



C) Sıcaklık E) Hava



79. Riboflavin yetmezliğinin parçada yaygın olarak görüldüğünden söz edilen belirtisi aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Kemik iliğinde hücrelerin azalması B) Korneada renk değişimi C) Ağızda yaralar



76. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisinde riboflavinin yüksek miktarda bulunduğundan söz edilmemektedir? A) Süt



B) Yumurta



C) Peynir



D) Köklü sebzeler



D) Dilde kuruma E) Deride kaşınma



E) Karaciğer



77. Parçada, riboflavin eksikliğiyle ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmektedir?



80. Parçanın üçüncü cümlesinde geçen “Thus” sözcüğünün Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



A) Diğer B vitaminlerinin eksikliği olmadan görülmesi nadirdir. B) B vitamini eksikliklerine göre daha tehlikelidir. C) Belirtileri diğer vitamin eksikliklerindeki gibi geç ortaya çıkar.



A) Buna rağmen



B) Ek olarak



C) Böylece



D) Diğer taraftan E) Çünkü



D) Dengeli beslenmeyle genellikle düzeltilebilir. E) Bazı durumlarda fototerapi uygulanmalıdır.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



16



A 2009-TUS İlkbahar / İNG 83. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisinin genel bir kural olduğundan söz edilmektedir?



81. – 85. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Enflamasyonun orta hattan başlaması In rare instances the delicate fibrous areolar tissue in a certain anatomic region becomes the site of a chronic low-grade inflammatory process leading to deposition of dense sclerotic plaques that may obstruct or limit the movement of adjacent viscera. When the process is in the active phase, characteristic findings of chronic or granulomatous inflammation are present and featured by mononuclear cell infiltration, plasma cells, some eosinophils, and occasional giant cells. In the end stages the pathologic lesion is simply that of scar tissue, so by the time that this process causes clinical manifestations, little evidence of the initial inflammatory reaction may remain. At least some cases have an accompanying vasculitis. As a general rule, the process tends to originate in the midline around the great vessels, and to then spread laterally. In most cases a clue to the inciting mechanism is lacking. Syndromes that have been considered as manifestations of multifocal fibrosclerosis include retroperitoneal fibrosis, mediastinal fibrosis, sclerosing cholangitis.



B) Büyük damarların en son etkilenmesi C) Doku tutulumunun yavaş olması D) Enflamasyonu başlatan etkenlerin çeşitli olması E) Fibröz dokunun hızla yaygınlaşması



84. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisi çok odaklı fibroskleroz ile ilişkili sendromlarda tutulum yerlerinden biridir? A) Periton



B) Penis



C) Testis



D) Mediastinum E) Akciğer



81. Parçada, fibröz areolar doku nasıl tanımlanmaktadır? A) Yaygın



B) Belirgin



C) Kalın



D) Karmaşık E) Kırılgan



85. Parçanın altıncı cümlesinde geçen “a clue” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



82. Parçada sözü edilen enflamasyona nadiren katılan hücre tipi aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



A) Açıklama



A) Alyuvarlar



B) Belirti



D) Paralellik



C) Benzerlik E) İpucu



B) Dev hücreler C) Plazma hücreleri D) Mononükleer hücreler E) Asidofiller



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



17



A 2009-TUS İlkbahar / İNG 87. Parçaya göre, büyük çocuklara ve yetişkinlere verilmesi gereken öğüt aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



86. – 90. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Conservative therapy and lifestyle modification form the foundation of gastrooesophageal reflux (GERD) therapy. Dietary measures for infants include normalization of feeding techniques volumes and frequency if abnormal. Thickening of formula with a tablespoon of rice cereal per ounce of formula results in fewer regurgitation episodes, greater caloric density (30 kcal/oz) and reduced crying time, although it may not modify the number of nonregurgitant reflux episodes. A short trial of a hypoallergenic diet may be used to exclude milk or soy protein allergy before pharmacotherapy. Older children and adults should be counselled to avoid acidic foods (tomatoes, chocolate, mint) and beverages (juices, carbonated and caffeinated drinks, alcohol). Weight reduction for obese patients and elimination of smoke exposure are other crucial measures at all ages. Seated position worsens infant reflux and should be avoided in infants with GERD. The efficacy of positioning for older children is unclear but some evidence suggests a benefit to left side position and head elevation during sleep. Head elevation should utilize elevation of the head of the bed, rather than excess pillows to avoid abdominal flexion and compression that might worsen reflux.



A) Asidik gıdalardan uzak durmaları B) Süt içmeleri C) Protein almamaları D) Aşırı sulu gıda ile beslenmemeleri E) Karışık besinler almamaları



88. Parçaya göre, büyük çocuklarda aşağıdakilerden hangisinin etkinliği belirsizdir? A) Beslenme



B) Duruş



D) Zayıflama



C) İlaç



E) Egzersiz



89. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisinin reflüyü şiddetlendirebileceği söylenmektedir? 86. Parçada, bebeklere yoğunlaştırılmış mama verilmesiyle aşağıdakilerden hangisinin sağlandığı söylenmektedir?



A) Alerjik tepkiler B) Yüksek yastık kullanmak



A) Karın ağrılarının engellenmesinin



C) Sağ tarafa dönerek yatmak



B) Reflü sürelerinde kısalmanın



D) Karın bölgesine baskı



C) Ağlama süresinin kısalmasının



E) Uykusuzluk



D) Midenin yavaş boşalmasının sağlanmasının E) Alınan kalori miktarının azalmasının 90. Parçanın altıncı cümlesinde geçen “crucial measures” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Çok önemli tedbirler B) Belirgin ölçütler C) Kesin önlemler D) Doğru saptamalar E) Gerçek engeller



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



18



A 2009-TUS İlkbahar / İNG 92. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisinin Paget hastalığına neden olabileceğinden söz edilmemektedir?



91. – 95. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Paget’s disease of bone is a focal disorder of skeletal metabolism in which all the elements of skeletal remodelling (resorption, formation, and mineralization) are increased. Increased bone formation results in the disorganized assembly of collagen, which give rise to bony enlargement and deformity. The cause is unknown. A viral infection of osteoclasts is postulated on the basis of finding viral nucleocapsids of the Paramyxoviridae in affected osteoclasts. Canine distemper is caused by a member of the Paramyxoviridae, and an association between owning dogs and Paget’s disease has been reported. A positive family history in approximately 10% of patients suggests a dominant pattern of susceptibility, with weak associations with the HLA Dqwl antigens in the US and with A9 and B15 in Britain. Paget’s disease is the 2nd most common disorder of bone, outstripped only by osteoporosis. It is most commonly found in Britain, where the prevalence is 5% of the population older than 55 years and is roughly equal between genders. The frequency of symptomatic disease rises with age. The paucity of evidence for the occurrence of new lesions in symptomatic disease, however suggests a high modal incidence in early middle age that declines rapidly thereafter, but with a variable latency between onset of the disorder and its radiographic or clinical expression.



A) Köpek sahibi olmak B) Viral enfeksiyon C) Kolajen yapımında artış D) Belirli bir HLA antijenine sahip olmak E) Aile öyküsü



93. Parçada, Paget hastalığı ve İngiltere ile ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmiştir? A) İlk kez görüldüğü yerdir. B) Tedavisinde yeni yaklaşımlar uygulanmaktadır. C) Çocuklarda da görülmektedir. D) En sık görüldüğü yerdir. E) Ailesel kökeni ilk kez orada gösterilmiştir.



94. Parçanın son cümlesinde geçen “evidence” sözcüğünün Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? 91. Parçada, Paget hastalığıyla ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmemektedir? A) Sıklıkta kemik hastalıklarında ikinci sıradadır.



A) Tetkik



B) Kanıt



C) Etki



D) Bulgu E) Sonuç



B) Kemikte şekil bozukluğuna neden olur. C) Kemik yapısı artmıştır. D) Sebebi bilinmemektedir. E) Erkeklerde daha sık görülür.



95. Parçanın son cümlesinde geçen “early” sözcüğünün Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Öncesi



B) Aynı



C) Artan



D) İleri E) Erken



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



19



A 2009-TUS İlkbahar / İNG 98. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisinin klinik tedavideki yararının kesin olarak bilinmediği söylenmektedir?



96. – 100. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Steroidler



Spinal cord injury at the time of thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair may occur in as many as 21% of patients, and in certain high-risk populations the incidence of neurologic impairment may be as high as 38%. Injury, with resultant paraplegia, is most likely to occur in repairs of the peridiaphragmatic aorta, from which critical spinal cord vessels often arise. Technical efforts to decrease the incidence of spinal cord injury are usually directed toward protection of the cord during the ischemic interval and prompt reestablishment of blood flow to the spinal cord as part of the repair. Researchers have demonstrated reduced paraplegia rates in animals receiving methylprednisolone during the perioperative interval, and experimental evidence has suggested that the use of methylprednisolone may reduce neuronal apoptosis after spinal cord ischemia. Vasodilators such as intrathecal papaverine and localized adenosine infusion have been identified as potentially therapeutic after spinal cord ischemia, but their benefit in clinical treatment remains unclear. Superoxide dismutase and related agents have produced promising results in animals that may translate to clinical practice by reducing the accumulation of oxygen-derived free radicals that are directly toxic to the central nervous system.



B) Serbest oksijen radikali tutucular C) Damar genişleticiler D) Omurilik elektriksel etkinliğini durduran ilaçlar E) Süperoksit dismutaz



99. Parçada hayvanlar üzerinde ümit verici sonuçlar elde edildiği söylenen maddelerin klinik etkisi aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Beyin kan akımını artırma B) Glutamat etkisini önleme C) Reseptörlere bağlanma D) Omuriliğin elektriksel etkinliğini düzenleme E) Serbest oksijen radikallerinin birikmesini azaltma



96. Parçaya göre, omurilik zedelenmelerinin sıklığının azaltılmasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi hedef alınmaktadır? A) Kan akımının yeniden sağlanması B) Parapleji oluşumunun önlenmesi C) Anevrizmanın tamiri D) Hücre ölümünün engellenmesi E) Kanamanın durdurulması



100. Parçanın ikinci cümlesinde geçen “is most likely to occur” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Çok benzer biçimde ortaya çıkacak B) Büyük bir olasılıkla meydana gelecek C) Önceden tahmin edilebilecek



97. Parçada, metilprednizolon uygulanan hayvanlarda aşağıdaki hangi dönemde düşük oranda parapleji gözlemlendiği belirtilmektedir?



D) En kısa zamanda kesinlik kazanacak E) Genel olarak öne sürülebilecek



A) Anevrizma sonrası B) İskemi sonrası C) Yeniden kanlanma öncesi



TEST BİTTİ.



D) Ameliyat öncesi



CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.



E) Deney sırasında



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



20



A 2009 - TUS Sonbahar / İNG 2. Parçaya göre, ateş ve kilo kaybı ne tip belirtilerdir?



1. – 5. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Most cases of tuberculosis in HIV-infected children (HIV-IC) have been described in developing countries. The rate of tuberculosis disease in HIV-IC is 30 times higher than in non-HIV-IC. Establishing the diagnosis of tuberculosis in HIV-IC may be difficult because skin test reactivity can be absent, culture confirmation is difficult, and the clinical features of tuberculosis are similar to many other HIV-related infections and conditions. Tuberculosis in HIV-IC is often more severe, progressive, and may occur in extrapulmonary sites. Nonspecific respiratory symptoms, fever, and weight loss are the most common complaints. The mortality rate of HIV-IC with tuberculosis is high, especially as the CD4 lymphocyte numbers decrease. Increased mortality rates are attributed to progressive HIV infection rather than tuberculosis. Therefore, HIV-IC with potential exposures and/or recent infection should be promptly evaluated and treated for tuberculosis. Conversely, all children with tuberculosis disease should be tested for HIV co-infection, because of the potential benefits of early diagnosis and treatment of HIV infection, and because the presence of HIV may necessitate a longer duration of treatment.



A) En sık görülen



B) Aralıklı görülen



C) Dikkat çeken



D) Önemli E) Ciddi



3. Parçada, HIV enfeksiyonu olan tüberkülozlu çocuklarda mortalitenin artışı ne ile ilişkilendirilmektedir? A) HIV’nin çoğalma hızı B) Deri testi bulguları C) Hastalığın şiddeti D) CD4 lenfosit sayısındaki azalma E) Bağışıklık sistemindeki tutulum



4. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisinin daha uzun süreli tedaviyi gerekli kıldığından söz edilmektedir? A) Akciğer enfeksiyonunun 1. Parçada, HIV enfeksiyonu olan çocuklarda tüberküloz olgularıyla ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisinden söz edilmemektedir?



B) HIV varlığının C) İkinci bir enfeksiyon olmasının



A) Tanısı güçtür.



D) Bağışıklık sisteminin baskılanmasının



B) HIV ile enfekte olmayan çocuklara göre daha sık görülür.



E) Radyografik bulguların olmasının



C) Gelişmiş ülkelerde daha sık görülmektedir. D) Klinik özellikleri diğer birçok HIV ile ilişkili enfeksiyonlarla aynıdır. E) Akciğer dışındaki bölgelerde de oluşabilir.



5. Parçanın sekizinci cümlesinde geçen “promptly” sözcüğünün Türkçe karşılığı hangisidir? A) Hemen



B) Nadiren D) Öncelikle



C) Genellikle



E) Bazen



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



1



A 2009 - TUS Sonbahar / İNG 7. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisinin hepatoselüler karsinom için risk etkeni olduğundan söz edilmemektedir?



6. – 10. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Alkolik siroz



Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary neoplasm of the liver and the most common solid organ tumour worldwide. Major risk factors for HCC include cirrhosis induced by hepatitis B and C, alcoholic cirrhosis, aflatoxin exposure, and metabolic disorders. In the US, the rising incidence of HCC has largely been attributed to the hepatitis C epidemic. Surgical resection is the only proven cure for HCC. However, surgical resection can be offered to only a minority of patients because most patients present with severe underlying cirrhosis and/or advanced stage of the disease. Most patients who are not treated die of hepatic failure within 3 to 6 months after presentation. These facts have been the driving force in the quest for additional treatments for this disease. Currently, treatment for HCC includes surgical resection (standard hepatic resections or total hepatectomy with transplantation), ablative procedures (percutaneous ethanol injection, cryotherapy, radiofrequency ablation, arterial chemoembolization), and chemotherapy. The purpose of this study was to review these treatment modalities used, with emphasis on prognostic indicators of survival, treatment trends over time, and influence of the various treatment modalities on overall survival.



B) Aflatoksine maruz kalma C) Karaciğerde yağlanma D) Metabolik bozukluklar E) Viral hepatit



8. Parçaya göre, hepatoselüler karsinomun kanıtlanmış tek tedavisi aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Cerrahi rezeksiyon B) Kemoterapi C) Arteriyel kemoembolizasyon D) Kriyoterapi E) Transplantasyon



9. Parçada sözü edilen çalışmada, tedavi yöntemlerinin gözden geçirilmesi amaçlanırken, aşağıdakilerden hangisine vurgu yapılmıştır? A) Yeni tanı belirteçlerinin bulunması B) Hastalığa neden olan etkenler 6. Parçada, hepatoselüler karsinom ile ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerin hangisinden söz edilmemektedir?



C) Cerrahi yaklaşımların değerlendirilmesi D) Çeşitli tedavi şekillerinin sağkalıma etkisi



A) Hastalar tedavi olmazsa başvuruyu izleyen 3 ile 6 ay arasında ölürler.



E) Tedavi süresinin hastaya göre düzenlenmesi



B) Karaciğerde en sık rastlanan primer tümör tipidir. C) Dünyadaki en yaygın solid organ tümörüdür. D) Çoğu hastada başvuruda ağır siroz veya ileri hastalık vardır. 10. Parçanın yedinci cümlesinde geçen “driving force” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



E) Amerika’da alkole bağlı olarak görülme sıklığı artmaktadır.



A) Güçlü etki



B) Kararlı yaklaşım



C) İtici güç



D) Artan şiddet E) Zorlayıcı sebep



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



2



A 2009 - TUS Sonbahar / İNG 12. Parçada, tren yolu rayları ya da halka şekillerine benzetilen yapılar aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



11. – 15. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Adale gibi yumuşak dokular Previous studies have documented an increased prevalence of radiographically demonstrable calcification in the coronary arteries, thoracic aorta, and abdominal aorta of people with coronary artery disease (CAD). Calcifications of the arterial intima are characterized by large, irregular, discontinuous calcium deposits. Calcification of the media appears as fine granular deposits involving the entire circumference of the artery; it is described as resembling railroad tracks on longitudinal imaging of the arterial wall or as ringlike when the arterial wall is imaged en face. The two forms of calcification also differ in that intimal calcifications occur mostly in elastic arteries (i.e., the aorta and its large branches) and in large-diametre muscular arteries (i.e., muscular arteries of the lower extremities), whereas medial calcifications tend to occur in muscular arteries of small to medium size. Although intimal arterial calcification, the predominant component of atherosclerotic disease, has been unequivocally linked to increased cardiovascular mortality, medial arterial calcification historically has been thought to be part of the normal aging process and of little or no clinical significance. Breast arterial calcifications (BACs), the result of diffuse calcification of the breast arterial media, are common but underreported findings on mammograms. If the presence of BACs on mammography has value as a marker for CAD, this well-established screening tool could have additional benefit without adding further expense. The objectives of this study was to estimate the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in patients with BACs.



B) Arter duvarı C) Kaba parçacıklı intraluminal yapılar D) Tıkalı koroner damarlar E) Yoğun meme içi yağ dokusu



13. Parçaya göre, medial arter lezyonları klinik olarak şimdiye kadar aşağıdakilerden hangisiyle ilişkili bulunmuşlardır? A) Yaşlanma süreci B) Kardiyovasküler kaynaklı ölüm C) Aterosklerotik hastalık D) Genetik yapı E) Beslenme tarzı



14. Parçada sözü edilen çalışmada, aşağıdaki damarlardan hangisinin kireçlenmesi ile koroner kalp hastalığı ilişkisi araştırılmıştır? A) Alt ekstremite arterleri B) Torasik aorta C) Meme arteri D) Abdominal aorta



11. Parçada, arteriyel intima kireçlenmelerinin özellikleri arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi yer almamaktadır?



E) Koroner arterler



A) Genellikle küçük-orta büyüklükteki adale arterlerinde bulunur. 15. Parçanın yedinci cümlesinde geçen “additional benefit” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



B) Çoğunlukla elastik arterlerde görülür. C) Çoğunlukla aorta ve dallarında görülür. D) Genellikle alt ekstremite adalelerinin arterlerinde bulunur. E) Devamlılığı olmayan geniş, düzensiz kalsiyum birikmeleri şeklindedir.



A) Elverişli yöntem



B) Ciddi bulgu



C) Olumlu uygulama



D) Dolaylı etki



E) Ek yarar



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



3



A 2009 - TUS Sonbahar / İNG 17. Parçaya göre, pilor darlığı ile ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi yanlıştır?



16. – 20. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Diğer konjenital bozukluklarla ilişkilidir. Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (PS) occurs in approximately 3 in 1,000 infants in the US; its frequency may be increasing. It is more common in whites of northern European ancestry, less common in blacks, and rare in Asians. Males (especially firstborns) are affected approximately four times as often as females. The offspring of a mother and to a lesser extent the father who had PS are at higher risk for PS. PS develops in approximately 20% of the male and 10% of the female descendants of a mother who had PS. The incidence of PS is increased in infants with type B and 0 blood groups. PS is associated with other congenital defects, including tracheoesophageal fistula. The cause of PS is unknown, but many factors have been implicated. PS is usually not present at birth and is more concordant in monozygotic than dizygotic twins. Abnormal muscle innervation has been implicated. In addition, elevated serum levels of prostaglandins, reduced levels of pyloric nitric oxide synthase, and infant hypergastrinemia have been found. It is unusual in stillbirths and probably develops after birth.



B) Erkek çocuklarda kızlara göre dört kat fazla görülür. C) Pilor daralması olan annenin kız çocuğuna aktarma olasılığı erkeğe göre yarı yarıyadır. D) Kan grubu B ve 0 olan çocuklarda daha sık görülür. E) Kalıtımsal olarak, anneden çok babadan geçer.



18. Parçada, pilor darlığı ile ilgili olarak aşağıdaki bulgulardan hangisinden söz edilmemektedir? A) Serumda prostaglandin artışı saptanmıştır. B) Tek yumurta ikizlerinde daha fazla gözlenir. C) Kasların inervasyonunda bozukluk vardır. D) Ölü doğanlarda sık görülür. E) Pilorik nitrik oksit sintaz miktarı azalmıştır.



19. Parçada, pilor darlığının ne zaman oluştuğu iddia edilmektedir? 16. Parçada, sözü edilen pilor darlığı ile ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi yanlıştır?



A) Ergenlikte



B) Doğum anında



C) Anne karnında iken



D) Doğumdan sonra



A) Sıklığı artıyor olabilir.



E) Erişkinlikte



B) Siyahlarda beyazlara göre daha sık gözlenir. C) Amerika’da her bin çocuktan üçünde görülür. D) Asya kökenlilerde nadir görülür.



20. Parçanın üçüncü cümlesinde geçen “especially” sözcüğünün Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



E) Sebebi bilinmemektedir.



A) Sadece



B) Özellikle



C) Çoğunlukla



D) Ayrıca E) Doğrudan



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



4



A 2009 - TUS Sonbahar / İNG 22. Aşağıdakilerden hangisi parçada sözü edilen lezyonların özelliği değildir?



21. – 25. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) İskemik nekroza yol açması Calcific uremic arteriolopathy, also known as calciphylaxis, is a rare but serious life-threatening condition that is reported to occur in 4.1% of patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism and chronic kidney failure. The cardinal features of this disease include expanding painful cutaneous purpuric lesions that lead to tissue calcification and ischemic necrosis. Histologically, calcium is found deposited in the small and medium-sized vessels. There is significant mortality from the disease because the expanding wounds break down and lead to overwhelming sepsis. Mortality has been reported as high as 87%. The etiology and pathophysiology of calciphylaxis are not completely understood. Hypothetically, in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism the systemic factors of hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and elevated parathyroid hormone levels “sensitize” the body tissues. Subsequent “challengers” such as local trauma induce inflammation, acute tissue calcification, and necrosis. Traditional medical therapy consists of controlling calcium and phosphate abnormalities and supportive wound care. In small series and literature reviews, total or subtotal parathyroidectomy has been thought to improve wounds and prolong overall survival.



B) Ağrılı olması C) Deride oluşması D) Doku kireçlenmesine yol açması E) Kanaması



23. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisinin ikincil paratiroid hastalarında dokuları duyarlı hâle getirebileceğinden söz edilmektedir? A) Bölgesel travmalar B) Sistemik etkenler C) Damar tıkanması D) Nekroz E) Böbrek yetmezliği



24. Parçada, yayınlarda aşağıdakilerden hangisinin düşünüldüğünden söz edilmektedir? A) Kalsiflaksinin erken tanısının önem taşıdığının B) Geleneksel tedavi yöntemlerinin yararsız olduğunun C) Paratiroidektominin yaşam süresini uzattığının D) Destekleyici yara bakım ve tedavisinin yararlı olduğunun E) Kalsiflaksinin nedenlerinin önlenebileceğinin 21. Parçada, kalsiflaksi hakkında aşağıdakilerden hangisinden söz edilmemektedir? A) Ciddi bir hastalıktır. 25. Parçanın ikinci cümlesinde geçen “The cardinal features” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



B) Nadiren görülür. C) İleri yaş hastalığıdır. D) Mortalitesi yüksektir.



A) Önemli nedenler



B) Temel konular



E) Nedeni tam anlaşılamamıştır.



C) Genel sorunlar



D) Yaygın belirtiler



E) Başta gelen özellikler



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



5



A 2009 - TUS Sonbahar / İNG 27. Parçaya göre, mevcut biyokimyasal parametrelerin ve görüntüleme aletlerinin, nakil yapılan pankreasın başarısızlığını belirlemesiyle ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi doğrudur?



26. – 30. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. The return to the diabetic state for graft loss or failure or any other cause endangers a significant subset of pancreatic graft recipients, but the identification of the subjects at risk is difficult and often delayed so that an appropriate treatment is not feasible. The available biochemical parametres and imaging tools lack diagnostic accuracy to detect early the failure of the transplanted pancreas. Reasons for pancreas failure in the long term may relate to the donor, to the surgical manipulation of the graft, or to the recipient. Several factors that potentially affect graft survival have been identified, including HLA and ABO mismatching and the surgical procedure. In addition, some characteristics of the recipients, such as the predisposition to type 2 diabetes, to infections, and to the recurrence of β-cell autoimmunity, may affect graft survival. Thus it is possible to hypothesize that the duration of graft survival is in part already determined at the time of transplantation.



A) Çeşitlilik çok olduğu için seçim zordur. B) Ancak ileri hastalığı gösterirler. C) Geliştirilmeleri gerekmektedir. D) Doğru erken tanıyı sağlayamazlar. E) Ulaşılabilirlik açısından yetersizdirler.



28. Parçada, nakil yapılan organın canlılığını etkileyen tanımlanmış etkenler arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisinden söz edilmemektedir? A) Tip 2 diyabete yatkınlık B) Kan ve doku uyumsuzluğu C) Cerrahın tecrübesi D) Enfeksiyonlar E) Beta hücresine karşı otoimmünite



29. Parçaya göre, organ nakli ile ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi doğrudur? A) Nakledilen organın kalıcılığı doku uyumunun göstergesidir. B) Bazı hastalar organ naklinden çok yarar sağlar. C) Metabolik şartlar organ naklinde dikkate alınmalıdır.



26. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisi pankreas alıcılarının önemli bir kısmı için geçerli değildir?



D) Aktarılan dokunun canlılık süresi kısmen de olsa nakil anında belirlenebilir.



A) Doku uyumu gösterirler. B) Risk altındaki olguları belirlemek zordur.



E) Doku aktarımı kadar sonraki bakım da önemlidir.



C) Diyabetik duruma geri dönerler. D) Aktarılan graft yetersizliğe uğrayabilir. E) Uygun bir tedavi mümkün değildir.



30. Parçanın ilk cümlesinde geçen “delayed” sözcüğünün Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Gecikmeli



B) Erişilebilir



C) Etkisiz



D) Yaygın E) Elverişsiz



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



6



A 2009-TUS Sonbahar / İNG 33. Parçada, tarama testleri bağlamında ilk dikkat edilecek konunun aşağıdakilerden hangisi olması gerektiği belirtilmektedir?



31. – 35. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Uygulanması kolay olmalıdır.



For the first time, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends that routine colorectal cancer (CRC) screenings can eventually be stopped in individuals older than 75 years who have a consistent history of negative screening results and in all adults older than 85 years. Also, the USPSTF now recommends that adults aged 50 to 75 years be screened with either annual high-sensitivity foecal occult blood testing or sigmoidoscopy every 5 years, with high-sensitivity foecal occult blood testing between sigmoidoscopic examinations or colonoscopy every 10 years. In its recommendations, the USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is “insufficient to assess the benefits and harms” of computed tomographic (CT) colonography and foecal DNA testing as screening modalities. “When you screen, the first consideration is ‘Do no harm.’ There are uncertainties about radiation risk and CTC (CT colonography), especially with regard to repeat screenings over time. Also, because CTC is imaging more than the colon, up to 16% of patients will need additional testing for follow-up of incidental findings outside the colon.”



B) Sensitivitesi yüksek olmalıdır. C) Zararlı olmamalıdır. D) Spesifisitesi yüksek olmalıdır. E) Ucuz olmalıdır.



34. Parçada, radyasyon riski ile CT testi arasındaki belirsizliklerden bahsedilirken taramanın özellikle aşağıdaki hangi durumda riski artırabileceği ileri sürülmektedir? A) Geniş toplum taramalarında B) Eski teknolojili CTC kullanıldığında



31. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisi USPSTF’nin rutin kolorektal kanser taraması konusundaki önerileri arasında yer almamaktadır?



C) İnce kesitler alınarak çok sayıda işlem yapıldığında



A) Tarama 85 yaşın üzerindeki tüm erişkinlerde durdurulabilir.



D) Sadece barsakların değil tüm karın bölgesi kapsandığında



B) 50-75 yaş arasındaki erişkinler yılda bir kez gaitada gizli kan testi ile taranmalıdırlar.



E) Zaman içinde tekrarlandığında



C) 50-75 yaş arasındaki erişkinler 5 yılda bir sigmoidoskopi ile taranmalıdırlar. D) 50-75 yaş arasındaki erişkinler 10 yılda bir kolonoskopi ile taranmalıdırlar. 35. Parçaya göre, CTC uygulanan hastaların % 16’sında aşağıdaki durumlardan hangisi ortaya çıkmaktadır?



E) Aile öyküsü negatif ise tarama testleri 75 yaş üzerindeki erişkinlerde durdurulabilir.



A) Rahatsızlık duygusunun tetiklenmesi 32. Parçaya göre, CT ve gaitada DNA testleri ile tarama konusunda USPSTF mevcut kanıtlara göre aşağıdaki hangi sonuca ulaşmıştır?



B) Aslında hastalık yokken pozitif bulgu C) Diğer tarama test sonuçlarıyla uyumsuzluk



A) Yararları olası zararlarından fazladır.



D) Kalın barsak dışındaki bulguların izlenmesi için ilave test gereği



B) Eldeki veriler yarar ve zararları göstermek için yetersizdir.



E) Kolonda patolojik lezyon



C) Olası yarar ve zararlarını gösterecek çalışmalar yapılmamıştır. D) Zararları ağır bastığı için önerilmemektedir. E) Yararlı oldukları gösterilmiştir. Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



7



A 2009 - TUS Sonbahar / İNG 38. Parçada, doktorun hastadan dikkatlice elde etmesi gerektiği söylenen bilgi aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



36. – 40. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Aile öyküsü



Most patients with tinnitus can be helped by detailed interview together with the relevant examination and laboratory investigations followed by reassurance when appropriate. Often exacerbating factors such as chronic anxiety and depression can be treated. In patients with hearing loss and tinnitus, a hearing aid may improve tinnitus because the amplification of ambient sound may effectively mask the tinnitus. This mechanism probably explains the frequent observation that removal of cerumen from the external auditory canal to improve ambient hearing also improves tinnitus. Also, when cerumen is attached to the tympanic membrane, tinnitus may result from local mechanical effects on the conductive system. For patients who find their tinnitus most obtrusive when trying to sleep, a bedside clock radio tuned between stations can provide an effective masking sound that will switch itself off after the patient falls asleep. A careful drug history should be taken, and a drug-free trial period should be considered when possible. Some patients who notice that caffeine, alcohol, or nicotine exacerbates their tinnitus experience significant relief when these drugs are discontinued.



B) İşitme güçlüğü olup olmadığı C) İlaç öyküsü D) Yakınmayı artıran durumlar E) Tinnitusu artıran etkenler



39. Parçanın ilk cümlesinde geçen “when appropriate” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Uygun olduğunda



B) Gerekince



C) Yeterliyse



D) Yararlıysa E) Zaman kaldıysa



36. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisi tinnitusu şiddetlendiren etkenler arasında sayılmamıştır? A) Alkol



B) Nikotin D) Depresyon



C) Kafein



E) Radyo sesi



37. Parçada, sık bir gözlem olarak sözü edilen aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



40. Parçanın altıncı cümlesinde geçen “can provide” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



A) İşitme cihazının tinnitusa iyi gelmesi B) Timpanik membranda zedelenmenin tinnitusa yol açması C) Uykuya geçerken tinnitusun artması



A) Artırabilir



B) Oluşturabilir



C) Geliştirebilir



D) Sağlayabilir E) Öngörebilir



D) Kulak yolu tıkacının çıkartılmasının tinnitusu da iyileştirmesi E) Tinnitusun anksiyeteye yol açması



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



8



A 2009 - TUS Sonbahar / İNG 43. Parçada, tedavinin sadece bazı olgularda aşağıdakilerden hangisini de içerebileceğinden söz edilmektedir?



41. – 45. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Cerrahi yolu



Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory condition. The condition can affect many tissues throughout the body, but the joints are usually most severely affected. The specific causes of rheumatoid arthritis are unknown. Rheumatoid arthritis symptoms develop gradually, and it is not always possible to know when it first developed. Many people have symptoms that are present continuously, some have symptoms which completely resolve, and others have alternating periods of bothersome symptoms and complete resolution. The onset, severity, and specific symptoms of this condition can vary greatly from person to person. Treatment plays a key role in controlling the inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis and minimizing joint damage. Treatment usually entails a combination of drug therapy and other nondrug therapies. In only some cases, treatment may also involve surgery. The treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in a particular individual must be tailored to their particular case, including the severity of the condition, the effectiveness of specific therapies, and the occurrence of any side effects. Treatment choices may be different for a person with rheumatoid arthritis who has other illnesses, especially those of the liver or kidneys. It is important to work with a healthcare provider to create an effective and acceptable plan for treating rheumatoid arthritis.



B) İlaçları C) İlaç dışı uygulamaları D) Hastanın ihtiyacına göre ayarlanmış bir biçimi E) Yan etki oluşturmayacak bir biçimi



44. Parçada, hangi romatizmal artritliler için tedavi seçiminin farklı olabileceği söylenmektedir? A) Eklem dışı tutulumu olan B) İleri yaşta olan C) Hastalığı ilerlemiş olan D) Başka hastalıkları da olan



41. Parçada, romatizmal artritin hangi yönünün bilinmediğinden söz edilmektedir? A) Sonuçlarının



B) Sıklığının



C) Sebeplerinin



D) Etkilerinin



E) İlaç alması mümkün olmayan



E) Çeşitlerinin



42. Parçada, romatizmal hastalıkla ilgili olarak ne söylenmektedir?



45. Parçanın son cümlesinde geçen “effective and acceptable” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



A) Birçok kişi hastalığın farkında bile değildir.



A) Gerekli ve geçerli



B) Sadece eklemleri tutar.



B) Etkili ve kabul edilebilir



C) Vücutta yaygın şişmelere yol açar.



C) Baskın ve yaygın



D) Erken tanımlanırsa eklem hasarı tamamen engellenebilir.



D) Kullanışlı ve uygun



E) Ne zaman başladığını bilmek her zaman mümkün değildir.



E) Yararlı ve geriye dönülebilir



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



9



A 2009 - TUS Sonbahar / İNG 47. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisinin hâlen açıklanmamış olduğundan söz edilmektedir?



46. – 50. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Giardianın konakçıda hangi durumlarda yerleştiği Malabsorption is a rare consequence of primary intestinal infection in immunocompetent children. Giardiasis is the most common infectious cause of chronic malabsorption. Factors that regulate the range of host response to Giardia remain to be explained. Symptoms may include diarrhea, vomiting, bloating, and flatulence. Giardiasis should be suspected if a child with persistent acquired malabsorption has family members who have had transient gastroenteritis symptoms at the onset of the child’s illness. Children in daycare (especially toddlers) are at special risk for Giardia, although they may be asymptomatic and may pass it on to family members.



B) Giardia enfeksiyonlarında görülen belirtilerin kişiye özgü olması C) Giardiaya konakçı cevabını etkileyen etkenler D) Giardianın konuk olarak nasıl etkiler oluşturduğu E) Giardia enfeksiyonunda konukla konakçı etkileşiminin ayrıntıları



48. Parçada, giardiazis belirtileri arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisinden söz edilmemektedir? A) Gaz



B) İshal D) Şişkinlik



C) Kusma



E) Zayıflama



49. Parçaya göre, giardia riski hangi çocuklarda özellikle yüksektir? 46. Parçaya göre, aşağıdakilerden hangisi doğrudur?



A) İlkokuldakiler B) Yürümeye yeni başlayanlar



A) Bağışıklık sistemi gelişmiş çocuklarda kötü emilim primer barsak enfeksiyonlarının nadir bir sonucudur.



C) Yenidoğanlar D) Ailesinde enfeksiyon bulunanlar



B) Emilim bozukluğu olan çocuklarda kronikleşmişse bağışıklık sistemi incelenmelidir.



E) Sokakta oyun oynayanlar



C) Barsak enfeksiyonlarına bağlı olarak oluşan emilim bozukluğu çocukların bağışıklık sistemini kötü biçimde etkiler. D) Çocuklarda en sık görülen durum barsak enfeksiyonlarının emilim bozukluklarına yol açmasıdır. E) Bağışıklık sistemi bozukluğu olan çocuklarda barsak enfeksiyonları sık görülür.



50. Parçanın beşinci cümlesinde geçen “should be suspected” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) İncelenmelidir



B) Korunmalıdır



C) Sorgulanmalıdır



D) Şüphe edilmelidir



E) Üzerinde durulmalıdır



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



10



A 2009 - TUS Sonbahar / İNG 52. Parçaya göre, klinik olarak menenjit tiplerini ayırt etme konusunda bazı doktorlar aşağıdakilerden hangisini önermişlerdir?



51. – 55. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. National guidelines recommend that patients with acute meningitis be systematically hospitalized and treated with antibiotics until the cerebrospinal fluid culture results are available. This strategy ensures rapid treatment for bacterial meningitis, but also involves unnecessary admissions and antibiotics for aseptic meningitis. Some physicians have, therefore, proposed different combinations of predictors in clinical decision rules to distinguish as early as possible between bacterial and aseptic meningitis. To be useful, these rules must have near-100% sensitivity for bacterial meningitis, good specificity (to reduce unnecessary antibiotics and admissions), and easy bedside application. Enteroviruses remain the most common cause of aseptic meningitis. Certain enteroviruses (e.g. coxsackie B5, echovirus 6, 9 and 30) are more likely to cause meningitis outbreaks, while others (coxsackie A9, B3 and B4) are mostly endemic. Nucleic acid tests are more sensitive than cultures in diagnosing enteroviral infections. In centres where the turnaround time for these tests is less than 24 h, there can be substantial cost savings and avoidance of unnecessary treatment of aseptic meningitis with antibiotics. Serum and stool specimens are important adjunct samples for diagnosing enteroviral infections in children. Cerebrospinal fluid protein and serum procalcitonin appear to be useful laboratory markers for distinguishing between bacterial and aseptic meningitis in children aged 28 days to 16 years, but they have relatively low sensitivity and specificity.



A) Yatak başında kolay uygulanabilir bir yaklaşımı B) Test yorumlamasında çabuk davranılmasını C) Farklı klinik öngörü kurallarının birlikte değerlendirilmesini D) Gereksiz yatışların önlenmesini E) Testin hassas ve özgün olmasını



53. Parçaya göre, aşağıdakilerden hangisinin epidemiye yol açma olasılığı daha fazladır? A) Coxsackie B5 B) Bakteriyel menenjit etkenleri C) Tüm enteroviral enfeksiyon etkenleri D) Coxsackie B4 E) Enterovirüslerin tümü



54. Parçaya göre, nükleik asit testleri ile ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi doğrudur? A) Sonuçları 24 saat içinde alınır. B) Çok ucuzdur. C) Tanıda kültürden daha hassastır. D) Antibiyotiklere cevabı ölçer. E) Gereksiz tedaviyi önleyemeyebilir.



55. Parçaya göre, aşağıdaki özelliklerden hangisi çocuklardaki aseptik ve bakteriyel menenjitlerin birbirinden ayırt edilmesinde belirleyicidir?



51. Parçada, akut menenjitle ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi yer almamaktadır? A) Aseptik olgular hastanede gereksiz yatmaktadırlar.



A) Serum ve gaita örneklerinde farklı değerlere ulaşması



B) Mevcut yaklaşımla, aseptik olgular gereksiz antibiyotik almaktadırlar.



B) Serumdaki virüs yoğunluklarının farklı olması



C) Olguların tedavileri hastanede yapılmalıdır.



C) Aseptik olanına daha çok 16 yaşa kadar rastlanması



D) Mevcut yaklaşımla, bakteriyel olguların hızlı tedavisi sağlanmaktadır.



D) Bakteriyel tipin, yaşamın ilk 28 gününde daha sık görülmesi



E) Kültür sonuçları gelmeden antibiyotiğe başlanmamalıdır.



E) Beyin omurilik sıvısı protein değerlerinin farklı olması



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



11



A 2009 - TUS Sonbahar / İNG 58. RUTH çalışmasının alt gruplarını daha ayrıntılı inceleyen yeni makale aşağıdakilerden hangisine odaklanmıştır?



56. – 60. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. The Raloxifene (RLX) Use for The Heart (RUTH) trial was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study which recruited 10,101 women above the age of 55 years (mean age 67.5 years), with established coronary artery disease (CAD) or at high risk for CAD. Women were followed for a median period of 5.6 years. The study was completed by about 80% of the participants, 70% of whom took at least 70% of their assigned medications. The original publication concluded that raloxifene had no effect on the risk for coronary events. Now, a new article brings post-hoc analyses and more details on RUTH subgroups, with a focus on the age factor. In women < 60 years old at baseline, a significant reduction in risk for CAD events was demonstrated, but such an effect was not recorded in older women. Another intriguing finding unrelated to age was that women with the highest risk score for CAD (> nine risk points) were those who benefited most, with a 27% reduction in hazard ratio, which almost reached statistical significance.



A) Yaş faktörüne B) Menopoz süresine C) Risk skoruna D) İlaç etkileşimlerine E) Mortalite hızlarına



59. Parçaya göre, “post-hoc” analizde RLX’ in koroner arter hastalığı üzerine etkisi aşağıdaki hangi şekilde olmuştur? A) Yaşlı kadınlarda genel olarak koruyucu etki yapmıştır. B) Hastalık 60 yaş üstü kadınlarda önemli ölçüde azalmıştır.



56. Parçada sözü edilen RUTH çalışması ile ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi doğrudur?



C) Ancak yaş ve menopoz süresi birlikte, ilaç yararlılığını artırmıştır.



A) Katılımcılardan 55 yaş ve üzerindekilerde koroner arter hastalığı vardı.



D) Sadece 60 yaş altında koroner olay riskinde azalma saptanmıştır.



B) Katılan 10.101 kadın ortalama 5.6 yıl süren izlemi tamamladı. C) Katılımcılar ve araştırmacılar, kime, hangi tedavinin verildiğini biliyorlardı.



E) Koruyucu etki görülse de istatistiksel olarak kanıtlanamamıştır.



D) Çalışmayı tamamlayanların % 70’i ilaçlarının en az % 70’ini kullanmışlardı. E) Koroner arter hastalığı olanlar zaten yüksek riskli olgulardı. 60. Parçada, % 27 oranındaki risk azalmasıyla ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi yer almamaktadır?



57. Parçaya göre, ilk yayımlanan RUTH çalışmasının sonucu aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



A) Bu oran istatistiksel öneme ulaşamamıştır.



A) RLX’in koroner olay riskine etkisi yoktur.



B) Koroner arter hastalığı zaten olanlarda görülmemektedir.



B) Risk faktörlerinin olup olmaması, RLX etkinliğini değiştirmemiştir.



C) Risk azalması yaşa bağlıdır.



C) Koroner arter hastalığı bulunması, RLX etkisini ortadan kaldırmıştır.



D) Şaşırtıcı bir bulgu olarak algılanmıştır. E) Risk skoru en yüksek olanlarda saptanmıştır.



D) RLX kullanımı, koroner arter hastalığı görülme sıklığını artırmıştır. E) Koroner arter hastalığı risk faktörleri, RLX ile bir miktar azalmıştır.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



12



A 2009 - TUS Sonbahar / İNG 63. Parçaya göre, sterilizasyonun mükemmel bir seçenek olma nedeni aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



61. – 65. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Hem erkek hem kadında uygulanabilmesi The number of women aged 40-49 years has increased by 58% in the last five decades in developed countries and by 32% in Europe. Most women do not want to conceive after the age of 40. They find it takes longer to conceive after this age. The monthly conception rate declines from around 20% at age 25-30 to a significantly lower 8% at age 40. In addition, 33% of pregnancies started at age 45 do not end in a live birth. Thus, the age-related decline in fecundity may severely limit the choices of women who are trying to conceive; however, this decline is insufficient to avoid the need for contraception among older women who do not wish to conceive, and family planning methods are therefore needed. Male or female sterilization is an excellent contraceptive option since these methods have the lowest failure rates. Hormonal contraception can be continued until the menopause in low-risk, non-smoking women, since recent studies have indicated its safety beyond the age of 40 years.



B) Kontrendikasyonu bulunmaması C) En düşük istenmeyen gebelik oranlarına sahip olması D) Her yaşta uygulanabilmesi E) Hormon içermemesi



61. Parçada, 40-49 yaşları arasındaki kadınlarla ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmemektedir? 64. Parçanın altıncı cümlesinde geçen “Thus” sözcüğünün Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



A) Sayıları gelişmiş ülkelerde % 58 artmıştır. B) Sayıları Avrupa’da % 32 artmıştır. C) Sayılarındaki artış son 50 yılda gerçekleşmiştir.



A) Yine de



B) Ancak



D) 40 yaşından sonra kadınların gebe kalması daha uzun zaman gerektirir.



C) Aslında



D) Benzer şekilde E) Böylece



E) Kadınların 40 yaş sonrası gebeliklerinin çoğu istenmeyen gebeliklerdir.



62. Parçada, gebelik ve doğum ile ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi iddia edilmektedir? A) Aylık gebelik hızı 25-30 yaşlarında ortalama % 20’dir.



65. Parçanın son cümlesinde geçen “have indicated” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



B) Aylık gebelik hızı 40 yaşına kadar bir % 8 daha düşer. C) Toplamda aylık gebelik hızındaki 25-40 yaşlarındaki düşüş % 28’dir.



A) Göstermektedir



B) Araştırmaktadır



C) Desteklemektedir



D) Göz önüne almaktadır



E) Ele almaktadır



D) Aylık gebelik hızları 25-30 yaşlarında ortalama % 20 azalır. E) 45 yaş gebeliklerinin ancak % 33’ü canlı doğumla sonuçlanır.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



13



A 2009 - TUS Sonbahar / İNG 68. Parçada sözü edilen çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, PCOS aşağıdakilerden hangisiyle doğrudan ilişkilidir?



66. – 70. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and body mass index (BMI) on selected indicators of in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment success. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using existing data on 69 IVF/ICSI treatment cycles undergone by PCOS women and an individually matched sample of 69 IVF/ICSI treatment cycles undergone by non-PCOS women at a major fertility treatment centre. BMI (kg/m2) was analyzed as a continuous and categorical variable. Results indicated that PCOS was directly associated with the number of oocytes retrieved. Irrespective of PCOS status, continuous BMI was inversely associated with total and mature oocytes retrieved.



A) Olgun oosit sayısı B) Toplanan oosit sayısı C) İnsemine edilen oosit sayısı D) Fertilize oosit sayısı E) Toplam oositler içindeki olgun oosit oranı



69. Parçada sözü edilen çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, aşağıdakilerden hangisinden bağımsız olarak, vücut kitle indeksi ile toplanan oositler arasında ilişki bulunmuştur? A) PCOS durumu



66. Parçada sözü edilen çalışmanın amacı aşağıdakilerden hangisini araştırmaktır?



B) IVF ve ICSI başarı oranları C) Oositlerin döllenme oranları



A) IVF veya ICSI tedavi başarısının PCOS ve vücut kitle indeksi üzerine etkisini



D) Oositlerin olgunlaşma derecesi



B) Vücut kitle indeksinin PCOS gelişmesine etkisini



E) Gebeliğin düşük ya da doğumla sonuçlanması



C) PCOS ve vücut kitle indeksinin IVF veya ICSI tedavi başarısına etkisini D) PCOS’nin vücut kitle indeksine etkisini E) PCOS ve vücut kitle indeksinin IVF veya ICSI endikasyonlarına etkisini



67. Parçaya göre, araştırılan her biri 69 olgudan oluşan iki grup aşağıdaki hangi konuda karşılaştırılmışlardır?



70. Parçanın son cümlesinde geçen “continuous” sözcüğünün Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



A) IVF ve ICSI endikasyonları B) IVF veya ICSI yapılan gruplarda PCOS oranları C) PCOS olgularında IVF veya ICSI uygulama oranları D) İki önemli fertilite merkezi arasındaki BMI farkları



A) Bağımlı



B) Karşılıklı



C) Göreceli



D) Sürekli E) Dengeli



E) PCOS’si olan ve olmayan gruplarda IVF ve ICSI siklusları



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



14



A 2009 - TUS Sonbahar / İNG 73. Parçada sözü edilen çalışmada aşağıdakilerden hangisi kardiyovasküler hastalığın seçilmiş risk faktörleri arasında sayılmamıştır?



71. – 75. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. In this study, 3,234 patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) were followed for 3.2 years and randomized to intensive lifestyle (ILS) intervention (achieve and maintain a 7% weight reduction in initial body weight using a low-calorie, low-fat diet and 150 min/week of moderate physical activity), metformin (850 mg twice a day) or placebo. This study examines the longitudinal relationship between selected risk factors for cardiovascular disease (blood pressure, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol) and glycemia in the three treatment groups in the Diabetes Prevention Program. Values of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease and changes from baseline became more unfavourable as glucose tolerance status deteriorated but improved with reversion to normal glucose tolerance, especially in the ILS intervention group (trend test p < 0.001 for all risk factors except LDL (p = 0.02) in the ILS group and HDL cholesterol (p = 0.02) in the placebo group). Also, while the glucose tolerance status was improved in the ILS group, systolic blood pressure and triglyceride levels fell by 25%, whereas HDL cholesterol increased by 8%; the metformin and placebo groups showed less significant improvements.



A) Kan basıncı B) Trigliseridler C) Glisemi D) HDL kolesterol E) LDL kolesterol



74. Parçada, kardiyovasküler hastalık risk faktör değerleri ve değişiklikleriyle ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi doğrudur? A) Yaşam tarzı girişim grubunda glükoz intoleransı ile sadece LDL bozulmuştur. B) Özellikle ilaç tedavisi grubunda glükoz intoleransından olumsuz etkilenmişlerdir. C) Glükoz intoleransının düzelmesinden olumlu etkilenmişlerdir. D) Plasebo grubunda glükoz intoleransının düzelmesi ile HDL dışında diğerleri bozulmuştur.



71. Aşağıdakilerden hangisi parçada sözü edilen çalışmanın özelliklerinden biri değildir?



E) Glükoz toleransının normal ya da bozuk olması değerleri etkilememiştir.



A) Olguların bazıları yaşam tarzı değişiklik programına alınmıştır. B) 3.234 olgu içinden glükoz toleransı bozuk olanlar izlenmiştir. C) Bazı olgulara günde 2 defa 850 mg metformin verilmiştir. D) Çalışma 3.2 yıl sürmüştür.



75. Parçaya göre, glükoz tolerans durumunun düzelmesiyle ilişkili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi gözlemlenmemiştir?



E) Olguların bir kısmı kontrol grubunu oluşturmuştur.



A) Yaşam tarzı girişim grubunda HDL kolesterol % 8 artmıştır. 72. Parçada sözü edilen yaşam tarzı değişiklik programında aşağıdakilerden hangisi yer almamaktadır?



B) Düzelme, yaşam tarzı girişim grubunda gerçekleşmiştir. C) Yaşam tarzı girişim grubunda kan basıncı % 25 düşme göstermiştir.



A) Orta derecede fiziksel aktivite B) Kilo verdirmek



D) Metformin ve plasebo gruplarında hiçbir düzelme olmamıştır.



C) Düşük kalorili, düşük yağlı diyet



E) Yaşam tarzı girişim grubunda trigliserid düzeyleri % 25 azalmıştır.



D) Haftada 150 dakika bedensel etkinlik E) İdeal vücut ağırlığının en az % 7’sinin azaltılması



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



15



A 2009 - TUS Sonbahar / İNG 77. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisi kültür almanın gerekli olduğu durumlar arasında sayılmamıştır?



76. – 80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Ağır yumuşak doku enfeksiyonu varlığı Life-threatening pathogens can be transmitted from cats and dogs to humans via bite wounds – and such injuries should prompt careful clinical consideration – according to an article. Among the pet-related pathogens are Pasteurella, Capnocytophaga, Streptococcus, and Staphylococcus species – with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on the rise. Given the potential for severe complications, the authors offer a wound management strategy. Culture for aerobes and anaerobes should be taken if the patient has an abscess, severe cellulitis, devitalized tissue, or sepsis. Then the wound should be irrigated with saline solution. In the case of fracture or bone penetration, radiographs should be ordered; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) may also be indicated. Prophylactic antibiotics must be prescribed as necessary. If MRSA is suspected, first-line antibiotics include trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, doxycycline, minocycline, and clindamycin. The patient should also be hospitalized if there is fever, sepsis, spreading cellulitis, severe edema, or loss of function, or if the patient is immunocompromised or likely to be nonadherent.



B) Apse varlığı C) Anaerobik etken şüphesi D) Canlılığını kaybetmiş doku varlığı E) Sepsis varlığı



78. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisi ev hayvanları tarafından ısırılma durumunda tedavi yaklaşımlarından biri olarak önerilmemiştir? A) Tuzlu su ile yaranın yıkanması B) Koruyucu antibiyotik rejimi C) MRSA şüphesinde doksisiklin verilmesi D) Hastanede yatırılarak tedavi E) Delici yaralanmalarda cerrahi tedavi



79. Parçaya göre, MRI veya CT aşağıdaki hangi durumda endike olabilir? A) İşlev kaybı B) Ezilme tipi yaralanma C) Kırık varlığı 76. Parçada sözü edilen makaleyle ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi yanlıştır?



D) Yayılan yumuşak doku enfeksiyonları E) Apse oluşumu



A) Isırıkla insana geçebilecek patojenlerden söz etmektedir. B) İnsanları ısıran hayvanların derhâl ve dikkatli bir klinik değerlendirmeden geçmeleri gereğini vurgulamaktadır.



80. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisi hastanede yatırılarak tedavi edilmesi gereken durumlar arasında sayılmamıştır?



C) Kedi ve köpeklerin hayatı tehdit eden patojenleri taşıyabileceklerini ileri sürmektedir.



A) Antibiyotiklere dirençli MRSA enfeksiyonu



D) Bir yara yönetim yöntemi önermektedir.



B) Ateş



E) Ev hayvanlarından geçen patojenler arasında MRSA sıklığının yükselişte olduğunu iddia etmektedir.



C) Bağışıklık sisteminde zayıflık D) Tedaviye uyumsuzluk olasılığının yüksek olması E) Şiddetli ödem



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



16



A 2009 - TUS Sonbahar / İNG 83. Parçaya göre, ağır solunum yolu hastalığı tablosu aşağıdakilerden hangisiyle sonuçlanabilmektedir?



81. – 85. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. To date, human cases of novel influenza A (H1N1) virus infection have been confirmed in residents of several US states and Mexico. Investigations of these cases suggest that on-going human-to-human novel H1N1 virus is occurring and the virus is resistant to certain antiviral medications. Illness signs and symptoms have consisted of fever and respiratory tract illness (cough, sore throat, runny nose), headache, muscle aches. Only some cases have had vomiting and diarrhea. Cases of severe respiratory disease, including fatal outcomes, have been reported. Isolation precautions should be continued for 7 days from symptom onset or until the resolution of symptoms, whichever is longer. Persons with novel H1N1 virus infection should be considered potentially contagious starting from one day before until 7 days following illness onset. Persons who continue to be ill longer than 7 days after illness onset should be considered potentially contagious until symptoms have resolved. Children, especially younger children, might be contagious for longer periods.



A) Burun akıntılı alerjik rinit B) Ölüm C) Zatürre D) Sepsis E) Yüksek ateşli alt solunum yolu enfeksiyonu



84. Parçada, H1N1 virüs enfeksiyonlarının bulaşıcılığıyla ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisine yer verilmemiştir? A) Yüksek ateşli hastalıkta daha uzun sürer. B) Hastalık başlangıcından 7 gün sonraya kadar devam eder.



81. Parçada, H1N1 virüsü ile ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmemektedir? A) Kimi antiviral ilaçlara dirençlidir.



C) Hastalığın, başlangıçtan itibaren 7 günden daha uzun süre devam etmesi, bulaşıcılığın belirtiler geçene kadar süreceğini gösterir. D) Çocuklarda daha uzun sürebilir.



B) Yeni bir influenza A virüsüdür.



E) Hastalık başlangıcından 1 gün önce başlar.



C) İnsanda H1N1 virüs enfeksiyonu doğrulanmıştır. D) İnsandan insana geçebilmektedir. E) Şimdiye kadar sadece birkaç Amerika ve Meksika vatandaşında rastlanmıştır.



85. Parçanın altıncı cümlesinde geçen “precautions” sözcüğünün Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



82. Parçada, H1N1 virüs enfeksiyonunun işaret ve belirtileri arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisine az rastlandığı belirtilmiştir? A) Boğaz ağrısı



A) Göstergeler



B) Yöntemler



B) Öksürük



C) Önlemler



D) Sorunlar E) Sonuçlar



C) Baş ağrısı D) Kusma E) Adale ağrısı



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



17



A 2009 - TUS Sonbahar / İNG 88. Parçada sözü edilen olgunun muayene ve laboratuvar test sonuçları aşağıdakilerden hangisini göstermektedir?



86. – 90. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. A 42-year-old woman presented with palpitations, anxiety, tremor, and weight loss. She had received a diagnosis of Graves’ disease 15 years ago but had discontinued therapy more than 5 years previously. Over the ensuing years she noticed a slowly enlarging anterior neck mass, and in the months before presentation, dyspnea and dysphagia developed. There was no hoarseness, stridor, menstrual irregularity, heart failure, or psychosis, but a widened pulse pressure, pretibial myxedema, and proximal muscle weakness were noted. She had a large, nodular, and firm goiter, which was also visible on computed tomography of the neck. There was evidence of eyelid retraction and diaphoresis. Jugular venous distention, which worsened with Pemberton’s manoeuvre, also exists. She declined both surgery and radioiodine therapy and was prescribed methimazole and propranolol.



A) Denge bozukluğu B) Vücutta yaygın ödem C) Psikoz D) Tiroid bezinde yumuşak nodüler büyüme E) Nabız basıncında genişleme



89. Parçaya göre, Pemberton manevrası ile olguda aşağıdakilerden hangisi ortaya çıkmıştır? A) Terleme ile sıvı kaybı 86. Aşağıdakilerden hangisi parçada sözü edilen olgunun belirti ve bulgularından biri değildir?



B) Hırıltılı nefes alıp verme



A) Çarpıntı



C) Jugular ven dolgunluğunda artış



B) Ses kalınlaşması



D) Kalp yetmezliği



C) Titreme



E) Göz kapağında çekilme



D) Yutma güçlüğü E) Terleme



87. Parçada sözü edilen olgunun öykü ve muayenesiyle ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi yanlıştır?



90. Parçada sözü edilen olguya aşağıdaki hangi tedavi uygulanmıştır?



A) Son beş yıl içinde tedaviyi bırakmıştır.



A) İlaç



B) On beş yıl önce Graves hastalığı tanısı almıştır.



B) Radioiodin



C) Takip eden yıllarda boynunda büyüyen bir kitle fark etmiştir.



C) Cerrahi D) Kombine cerrahi ve radioiodin



D) Başvurudan önceki aylar içinde nefes darlığı gelişmiştir.



E) Kombine cerrahi, radioiodin ve ilaç



E) Âdet düzensizliği olmamıştır.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



18



A 2009 - TUS Sonbahar / İNG 93. Parçada, kavrama yetisinin ölçümü ile ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmemektedir?



91. – 95. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Hastaların tıbbi yönetimlerinde önemlidir. Dementia and other cognitive problems are common. An estimated 24 million individuals in the world have dementia and the number affected will double every 20 years. Milder forms of cognitive dysfunction, including mild cognitive impairment, affect many more people. Alzheimer’s disease is the commonest form of dementia. Cognitive problems are a feature of many neurological and medical diseases including stroke, Parkinson’s disease, head injury, and epilepsy. Assessment of a patient’s cognition is a crucial part of many medical consultations. Cognitive tests aid the diagnosis of dementia and are important in the medical and social management of patients and in the assessment of capacity. Once there are effective treatments for Alzheimer’s disease there will be an even greater need for a quick sensitive test that is suitable for use in primary care and by nonspecialists. Some researchers designed the TYM (“test your memory”) to fulfil these requirements.



B) Bunama tanısına yardımcıdır. C) Tıbbi konsültasyonların çok önemli bir kısmıdır. D) Kapasite tayininde önemlidir. E) Hastaların sosyal ortamlarının değerlendirilmelerinde önemlidir.



94. Parçada, Alzheimer hastalığına etkin tedaviler bulunduğunda ihtiyaç duyulacak testlerin özellikleri arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi sayılmamıştır? A) Hasta olmayanları ayırt edebilme B) Test hassasiyeti C) Birinci basamak sağlık hizmetlerinde kullanılabilirlik



91. Parçada, bunama ile ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmemektedir?



D) Uygulamada uzmanlık gerektirmemesi



A) Hafif bilişsel bozukluk bunamaya kıyasla daha fazla insanı etkilemektedir.



E) Hızlı uygulanabilirlik



B) Sık görülmektedir. C) Dünyada 24 milyon kişide bulunduğu tahmin edilmektedir. D) Etkilenenlerin sayısı önümüzdeki 20 yılda iki katına çıkacaktır. E) Pek çok tıbbi hastalığın bulgusu olabilir. 95. Parçanın son cümlesinde geçen “fulfil” sözcüğünün Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? 92. Parçaya göre, aşağıdaki hastalıklardan hangisi bunamanın en sık görülen şeklidir? A) Parkinson hastalığı



A) Birleştirmek



B) Önemsemek



C) Yerine getirmek



D) Kabul etmek



E) Fark etmek



B) Alzheimer hastalığı C) İnme D) Kafa travması E) Sara



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



19



A 2009 - TUS Sonbahar / İNG 97. Parçada, hipertrigliseridemisi olan hastaların aile öykülerinden öğrenilmesi gerekenler arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi sayılmamıştır?



96. – 100. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Ailede yağ düşürücü ilaç kullanan olup olmadığı



The patient described in the case report has an elevated triglyceride level and a low HDL cholesterol level, but his LDL cholesterol is not elevated. There is no apparent secondary cause of his hypertriglyceridemia, and he has no other apparent risk factors for premature coronary artery disease. A first step in evaluating patients with hypertriglyceridemia is to obtain an extensive family history, sometimes having the patient do homework to establish the presence of atherosclerosis in one or more family members, the age at onset, and, if an affected first-degree relative has died, the age at and cause of death; a family history will often identify other relatives who might need lipid lowering therapy. A family history of premature coronary artery disease would suggest familial combined hyperlipidemia or familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia. If a patient has many adult relatives with hypertriglyceridemia but without clinical evidence of atherosclerosis, successful treatment of the hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL cholesterol level might be accomplished with lifestyle modifications alone, including a reduced-calorie diet that is low in saturated fat and a programme of regular aerobic exercise. If the patient has or is at apparent risk for premature coronary artery disease, pharmacologic therapy should be considered in addition to lifestyle modification. Although the optimal therapy is uncertain in such cases, some physicians would favour combined treatment with nicotinic acid and a statin.



B) Damar sertliği hastalığı olan akrabalarda hastalığın başlangıç yaşı C) Birinci derece akrabalardan birinde ölüm vakası görülmüşse bunun nedeni D) Birinci derece akrabalardan birinde ölüm vakası görülmüşse akrabanın ölüm yaşı E) Ailede bir veya birden fazla bireyde damar sertliği bulunup bulunmadığı



98. Parçaya göre, tedavi olarak yaşam tarzı değişikliğinin başarılı olacağı iddiası aşağıdaki hangi özellikteki olgular içindir? A) Düşük doymuş yağ içeren diyet uygulayanlar B) Düzenli egzersiz yapanlar C) Yağ düşürücü ilaç kullananlar D) Ailedeki birçok erişkinde damar sertliği olmaksızın yüksek trigliserid bulunanlar E) HDL kolesterolü yüksek olanlar



99. Parçada, prematür koroner arter hastalığı olan veya yüksek risk faktörleri taşıyan olguların tedavileriyle ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi önerilmemektedir? A) Diyet yapılması B) Cerrahi uygulanması C) Spor yapılması D) Statin kullanılması



96. Parçada sözü edilen olgu ile ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi yanlıştır? A) Koroner arter hastalığı için belirgin başka bir risk faktörü yoktur. B) Hipertrigliseridemiktir.



E) Nikotinik asit kullanılması 100. Parçanın son cümlesinde geçen “favour” sözcüğünün Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



C) HDL kolesterolü düşüktür.



A) Uygun bulmamak



B) Şart koşmak



D) Trigliserid yüksekliği için belirgin bir ikincil neden yoktur.



C) Tercih etmek



D) Şüpheci bakmak



E) Yasaklamak



E) LDL kolesterolü yüksektir.



TEST BİTTİ. CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ. Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



20



TIPTA UZMANLIK EĞİTİMİ GİRİŞ SINAVI (TUS) 11 NİSAN 2009



YABANCI DİLLER A KİTAPÇIĞI 1. B



26. C



51. E



76. D



2. E



27. E



52. B



77. A



3. C



28. B



53. D



78. B



4. C



29. A



54. A



79. A



5. A



30. D



55. B



80. C



6. D



31. E



56. D



81. E



7. A



32. B



57. B



82. B



8. E



33. C



58. E



83. A



9. C



34. E



59. C



84. D



10. A



35. D



60. A



85. E



11. D



36. B



61. A



86. C



12. E



37. A



62. B



87. A



13. A



38. C



63. E



88. B



14. B



39. D



64. C



89. D



15. A



40. A



65. A



90. A



16. D



41. E



66. B



91. E



17. C



42. D



67. A



92. C



18. E



43. D



68. D



93. D



19. B



44. A



69. B



94. B



20. D



45. C



70. E



95. E



21. A



46. E



71. C



96. A



22. E



47. A



72. E



97. D



23. B



48. C



73. D



98. C



24. E



49. E



74. A



99. E



25. A



50. B



75. B



100. B



TIPTA UZMANLIK EĞİTİMİ GİRİŞ SINAVI (TUS) 12 EYLÜL 2009



YABANCI DİL SINAVI İNGİLİZCE A KİTAPÇIĞI 1. C



26. A



51. E



76. B



2. A



27. D



52. C



77. C



3. D



28. C



53. A



78. E



4. B



29. D



54. C



79. C



5. A



30. A



55. E



80. A



6. E



31. İPTAL



56. D



81. E



7. C



32. İPTAL



57. A



82. D



8. A



33. İPTAL



58. A



83. B



9. D



34. İPTAL



59. D



84. A



10. C



35. İPTAL



60. B



85. C



11. A



36. E



61. E



86. B



12. B



37. D



62. A



87. A



13. A



38. C



63. C



88. E



14. C



39. A



64. E



89. C



15. E



40. D



65. A



90. A



16. B



41. C



66. C



91. D



17. E



42. E



67. E



92. B



18. D



43. A



68. B



93. E



19. D



44. D



69. A



94. A



20. B



45. B



70. D



95. C



21. C



46. A



71. B



96. E



22. E



47. C



72. E



97. A



23. B



48. E



73. C



98. D



24. C



49. B



74. C



99. B



25. E



50. D



75. D



100. C



A kitapçığında yer alan 31., 32., 33., 34. ve 35. sorular ile bu sorulara karşılık gelen B kitapçığındaki 71., 72., 73., 74. ve 75. sorular birbirinden farklı oldukları için iptal edilmiştir. Bu soruların söz konusu testi cevaplayan adaylar tarafından doğru cevaplandığı kabul edilerek değerlendirilme yapılmıştır.



A İNGİLİZCE FEN BİLİMLERİ TESTİ



2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Fen Bil.



5. The geological history of the Grand Canyon region ---- to be a lot more complex than previously thought when scientists examined the area in more detail.



1. – 18. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. 1. The cells of all living organisms have the ---- to harvest energy from the breakdown of organic fuel molecules.



A) put off



B) gave up



C) brought about



D) turned out



E) set out



A) amount



B) clarity



C) performance



D) reliance E) ability



6. Most space rockets plunge into the oceans or become space litter when they are ---- completely. 2. Bacteria are truly remarkable in terms of their adaptations to extreme environments and their abilities to survive in parts of Earth that are ---- to other forms of life. A) distasteful



B) cordial



C) inhospitable



D) persuasive



A) taken up



B) fallen out



D) made up



C) given out



E) used up



E) discreet



3. In December 1831, at the age of 22, Darwin began a round-the-world sea voyage that ---- influenced his thinking. A) obscurely



B) legitimately



D) respectfully



7. Scientists ---- that by the year 2050, robot brains based on computers that have the ability to execute 100 trillion instructions per second ---rivalling human intelligence.



C) hopefully



E) profoundly



A) are predicting / are starting B) have predicted / would start C) predicted / would have started 4. All organisms have some capacity to adapt to environmental changes, but the extent of this adaptive capacity ---- greatly. A) executes



B) varies



D) abolishes



D) predict / will start E) would predict / will have started



C) discards



E) merges



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



1



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 11. It is hoped that alternative forms of energy, such as wind energy and geothermal energy, ---- more widely used in the near future, once technical problems ---- completely resolved.



8. NASA ---- experiments on the surface of the moon for eight years when they ---- them down in 1977 for financial reasons. A) conducted / would have to shut



A) become / had been



B) has been conducting / have to shut



B) are becoming / will be



C) had been conducting / had to shut



C) will become / are



D) was conducting / have had to shut



D) have become / were



E) would have conducted / would have had to shut



E) would have become / have been



9. It is predicted that the world’s fossil fuel sources ---- completely by the turn of the century unless strict policies to use them wisely ---- at present, before it is too late. 12. Insects that live in colonies, such as ants, bees, wasps, and termites, have long fascinated everyone, ---- naturalists ---- artists.



A) will have been exhausted / are implemented B) will be exhausted / would be implemented C) would be exhausted / would have been implemented



A) among / with



B) about / between



C) in / of



D) between / above



D) would have been exhausted / were implemented



E) from / to



E) were exhausted / were to be implemented



10. If microchips ---- back in the late 1950s, computer technology ---- as advanced as it is today. A) weren’t developed / isn’t B) hadn’t been developed / wouldn’t be 13. A gene giving humans a preference ---- sweet foods was recently identified ---- researchers.



C) wouldn’t have been developed / weren’t D) wouldn’t be developed / wouldn’t be E) weren’t being developed / won’t be



A) over / among



B) on / with



C) to / at



D) for / by E) into / within



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



2



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 14. The existence of galaxies was not recognized until the early 20th century, ---- since then galaxies have become one of the focal points of astronomical investigation. A) even



B) because D) if



19. – 23. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



C) but



Air pollution is one of the major challenges that most major cities face. The task of cleaning up air pollution, (19)---- difficult, is not believed to be insurmountable. Use of fuels that are low in pollutants, such as low-sulphur forms of petroleum; more complete burning of fossil fuels, often in (20)---with a recycling of the pollutants; and the shift to less polluting forms of power generation, such as solar energy (21)---- place of fossil fuels – all are methods that can be used for controlling pollution. Over the past few decades, the example of London as well as of some other cities (22)---- that 10 years or less is enough to control this problem to a certain extent. In fact, this period is (23)---- enough to achieve major improvements in air quality.



E) whether



15. A gemstone used in the making of jewellery must be durable, ---- it cannot withstand the process of being handled or shaped. A) thus



B) even if D) or else



C) although



E) while 19.



A) though



B) as if



C) unless



D) whether 16. ---- it has a great potential for creating new organisms, experimental recombination of genes is viewed by some scientists as dangerous and unethical. A) As long as



B) Unless



C) Just as



D) Before



E) in case



20. A) discrimination



B) combination



C) purification



D) authorization E) utilization



E) Because 21. A) over 17. ---- does geology provide a better understanding of the Earth’s evolution and its present features, but it also serves society in a variety of practical ways. A) Either



B) So D) So long as



B) at D) by



C) for E) in



22.



C) Not only



A) had shown



E) Not once



B) would have shown C) will have shown D) has shown



18. Geometry, ---- name is derived from Greek words meaning “earth measurement,” is one of the oldest branches of mathematics. A) as



B) which D) whose



E) was showing



C) that 23.



E) its



A) nor



B) either D) neither



C) as well as E) also Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



3



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 27. Experts fear that, unless significantly higher yields are achieved with genetically modified (GM) crops, ----.



24. – 35. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.



A) genetic engineers are determined to continue to work on crops that can grow in a shorter period of time



24. Whereas ordinary solids have a definite size and shape, ----. A) most liquids do, too



B) these trends led to economic development and a significant reduction in global hunger and poverty



B) gases have none



C) certain circles are concerned about the possible negative effects of GM crops on human health



C) their volumes are definite, as well D) liquids don’t take the form of the container



D) massive environmental degradation will be the inevitable result of trying to feed the world’s increasing population



E) gases consist of a vast number of molecules



E) the impacts of climate change on agriculture will not be fully understood in the years ahead



25. Although rain forests occupy a very small percentage of the land surface on Earth, ----.



28. ----, which, in turn, makes animal husbandry more profitable than it used to be in the past.



A) it is true that, in addition to high rainfall and humidity, mild winters are good for them



A) People with rising incomes consume more meat and livestock products



B) most governments have introduced severe measures to stop and eliminate environmental pollution



B) The world’s poor have been getting poorer and less able to produce food C) Much of the world’s starving population lives in the sub-Saharan region, where farming is poor



C) they contain a very large variety of plant and animal species that are mostly rare



D) Debate continues over whether climate change will further reduce the world’s ability to feed itself



D) many species living in those areas are faced with the threat of extinction



E) Most countries in Africa need to invest more in their agriculture sectors



E) the Brazilian government has long-term plans to open up the Amazon basin for mining



29. Physicists have established that, before the universe existed in its present form, ----.



26. ----, but a significant part of this land is unsuitable for either agriculture or habitation.



A) the Milky Way is one of billions of galaxies in the universe



A) China’s first nature reserve was established in the 1950s



B) astronomy attracted many high school students to study it in depth



B) China is located in Far East Asia C) The population of China has been increasing dramatically



C) all of its matter was concentrated in one mass D) they knew what to look for



D) One of China’s major problems is environmental pollution



E) their existence would not have been questionable



E) China covers a vast area in Asia



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



4



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 33. Climatologists are not certain about the number of hurricanes that occurred worldwide before 1970, ----.



30. Experts differ greatly in their estimates of the number of plant and animal species, ----. A) since the exact number of these species has only recently been identified



A) although the historical data are too inconsistent to allow firm conclusions



B) but they all agree that the distribution of these species is highly uneven



B) given that sea-surface temperatures are a key driver of hurricane formation



C) in case many of the currently endangered species go extinct in the near future



C) since an unprecedented four hurricanes hit Florida in the summer of 2004



D) unless they focus their attention on those species that have increased in number



D) which global warming has led to more intense storms



E) despite the fact that the populations of certain species have soared dramatically



E) when satellite observations became routine



34. Some of the world’s natural resources, such as natural vegetation and solar energy, are renewable, ----.



31. Atoms have several properties ----. A) in case they have different numbers of protons and electrons



A) which cannot be renewed easily at a low cost



B) in which they are the smallest particles of all matter



B) while others like fossil fuels are non-renewable C) since they are not reliable sources of energy



C) that help distinguish one type of atom from another



D) if conserving them is not possible



D) because physicists have split the atom into many subatomic particles



E) some of which are non-renewable



E) while the electrons in an atom are very much smaller than the protons and neutrons



35. New bioplastics are a lot less hazardous to our planet and our natural resources, ----. A) even though their reserves are gradually shrinking due to increasing use by industries



32. Quantum theory specifies new rules for describing the universe, ----.



B) as plastics cannot be degraded biologically like organic materials



A) although efforts to explore it are continuing B) as it is considered an ancient science



C) since they require less oil and energy to produce than traditional plastics



C) unless the universe cannot be described with the help of its principles



D) so traditional plastics are used in a wide range of industries, including textiles and packaging



D) just as it has introduced new ways of thinking about matter and energy



E) for the damaging effects of plastic waste on the environment are undeniable



E) for it has not been proven or validated scientifically



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



5



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 38. With an estimated 200,000 species of plants and animals, Madagascar is among the top five most biologically diverse countries in the world.



36. – 38. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz.



A) Aşağı yukarı 200.000 bitki ve hayvan türüne sahip olan Madagaskar, biyolojik çeşitliliği en fazla olan dünyadaki ilk beş ülkeden biridir.



36. According to some physicists, the universe is just a little lighter than a black hole of the same size.



B) Biyolojik çeşitlilik bakımından dünyanın en önemli beş ülkesinden biri olan Madagaskar, tahminî olarak 200.000 bitki ve hayvan türüne sahiptir.



A) Bazı fizikçilere göre, bir kara delik, aynı boyuttaki evrenden sadece biraz daha ağırdır. B) Bazı fizikçiler, evrenin, aynı büyüklükteki bir kara delikten, sadece biraz daha hafif olduğunu öne sürmektedirler.



C) Madagaskar’ın sahip olduğu bitki ve hayvan türü 200.000 civarındadır ve böylece dünyada biyolojik çeşitliliği en zengin olan ilk beş ülke arasındadır.



C) Bazı fizikçiler, evrenin, aynı boyuttaki bir kara delik kadar hafif olduğunu varsaymaktadırlar.



D) Madagaskar, gerek zengin biyolojik çeşitliliği ve gerek sahip olduğu 200.000 civarındaki bitki ve hayvan türüyle, dünyanın ilk beş ülkesi arasında yer almaktadır.



D) Bazı fizikçilere göre, evrenin ağırlığı, aynı boyuttaki bir kara deliğin ağırlığını geçmemektedir. E) Bazı fizikçilere göre, evren, aynı boyuttaki bir kara delikten yalnızca biraz daha hafiftir.



E) Tahminî 200.000 bitki ve hayvan türüyle, Madagaskar, dünyada, biyolojik olarak en çok çeşitliliğe sahip, ilk beş ülke arasındadır.



39. – 41. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz. 37. The discovery in Japan of a 130-million-year-old lizard fossil may re-determine the date when flowering plants are believed to have emerged on Earth.



39. X-ışını görüntüleme yöntemleri, kırıkların tanılanmasını bir yüzyıldan fazla zamandır daha kolay kılmıştır, ancak X-ışınları, her zaman daha ince ayrıntıların saptanmasında yardımcı olamaz.



A) Çiçekli bitkilerin yeryüzünde ortaya çıktığı tarihin yeniden belirlenmesi, Japonya’da 130 milyon yaşında bir kertenkele fosilinin keşfiyle gerçekleşmiştir.



A) Although the diagnosis of fractures has been easier for over a century, thanks to X-ray imaging methods, X-rays do not always help to detect the finer details.



B) Japonya’da 130 milyon yaşında bir kertenkele fosili keşfedildikten sonra, çiçekli bitkilerin yeryüzünde ortaya çıktığına inanılan tarih yeniden belirlenmiştir.



B) X-ray imaging methods have made diagnosing fractures easier for more than a century, but Xrays cannot always help to detect the finer details.



C) Japonya’da 130 milyon yaşında bir kertenkele fosilinin keşfi, çiçekli bitkilerin yeryüzünde ortaya çıktığına inanılan tarihi yeniden belirleyebilir.



C) For over a century, it has been much easier to diagnose fractures thanks to X-ray imaging methods, even though X-rays fail to detect the intricate parts.



D) Japonya’da 130 milyon yaşında bir kertenkele fosilinin keşfedilmesinden önce, çiçekli bitkilerin yeryüzünde daha yakın bir zamanda ortaya çıktığına inanılıyordu.



D) X-rays have helped to detect the inner parts of fractures, and, therefore, the diagnosis of fractures has been much easier for over a century.



E) Japonya’da 130 milyon yaşında bir kertenkele fosilinin keşfedilmesiyle, çiçekli bitkilerin yeryüzünde ortaya çıktığına inanılan tarih yeniden belirlenmiştir.



E) Thanks to X-ray imaging methods, the diagnosis of fractures has been possible for more than a century, but the details of fractures cannot always be detected fully.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



6



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 41. Çin’deki sanayileşme, öyle büyük çevresel değişikliklere yol açmıştır ki fabrikaların yarattığı kirlilik dağlık alanlardaki yağışı, yüzde 50’ye varan miktarda düşürmüştür.



40. Her element, diğer bir elementin atomlarından farklı, tek tip atomdan oluşur. A) An element contains only one type of atom, entirely different from other atoms.



A) Industrialization in China has brought about such massive environmental changes that pollution created by factories has reduced the rainfall in mountainous areas by as much as 50 per cent.



B) The kind of atom that makes up an element is usually different from the atoms of other elements. C) Each element consists of one kind of atom, which is different from the atoms of any other element.



B) Massive environmental changes in China have resulted from industrialization, and, consequently, the rainfall in mountainous areas has dropped as much as 50 per cent due to the pollution caused by factories.



D) The atoms that each element has are completely different from those of other elements.



C) The amount of the rainfall in the mountainous areas in China has fallen by as much as 50 per cent because of the pollution caused by factories, as massive industrialization led to environmental changes.



E) Each element has one set of atoms which are very different from the atoms of all the other elements.



D) Industrialization in China has caused so much environmental change that the amount of the rainfall in the country’s mountainous areas has fallen 50 per cent due to the pollution brought about by factories. E) China’s industrialization has led to extensive environmental changes – so much so that, because of the pollution caused by factories, the rainfall in mountainous areas has dropped to 50 per cent.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



7



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 44. ---- As a residential fuel, it is burned in furnaces, water heaters, cooking stoves, and clothes dryers. As an industrial fuel, it is burned in special furnaces to bake bricks and ceramic tiles and to produce cement. In addition to its use as a fuel, natural gas serves as a raw material for creating petrochemicals, which are used as a base product for fertilizers, detergents, pharmaceuticals, plastics, and numerous other goods.



42. – 46. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz. 42. Photosynthesis, the process by which green plants and certain other organisms use the energy of light to convert carbon dioxide and water into simple sugar glucose, occurs in green plants, seaweeds, algae, and certain bacteria. These organisms are veritable sugar factories, producing millions of new glucose molecules per second. ---- Some plants produce more glucose than they use, however, and they store it in the form of starch and other carbohydrates in their roots, stems, and leaves.



A) Historical records show that natural gas was burned as a fuel as early as 250 A.D. in China. B) There is a growing concern among developed nations about the future availability of energy sources.



A) The sugar we use in our everyday lives is derived from plants like sugar cane and is processed in factories.



C) Among the most common residential fuels are natural gas, coal, and bottled butane and propane.



B) An extremely important by-product of photosynthesis is oxygen, on which most organisms depend.



D) Natural gas is used both as a fuel and as a raw material in the manufacture of chemicals.



C) Being unable to produce it, humans and other animals rely on the glucose produced by these organisms.



E) The use of fossil fuels is generally regarded as harmful to the environment, since it is a major cause of global warming.



D) Plants use much of this glucose as an energy source to build leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds. E) In plants, photosynthesis occurs in leaves and green stems within specialized cell structures called “chloroplasts”.



45. Ecology is the study of the relationship of plants and animals to their physical and biological environment. The physical environment includes light and heat or solar radiation, moisture, wind, nutrients in soil, water, and atmosphere. The biological environment includes organisms of the same kind as well as other plants and animals. ---- For this reason, it draws upon such fields as climatology, hydrology, oceanography, physics, chemistry, geology, and soil analysis as well as animal behaviour, taxonomy, physiology, and mathematics.



43. Insects are often regarded as pests because some bite, sting, spread diseases, or compete with humans over crop plants. ---- Without insects to pollinate flowers, the human race would soon run out of food because many of the crop plants that we rely on would not be able to reproduce. In addition, insects themselves are valued as food in many parts of the world. Also, they help to recycle organic matter by feeding on wastes and on dead plants and animals.



A) Different kinds of organisms often share the same environment, which makes the relationship between them significant. B) However, due to the climate and other natural factors, physical and biological environments show great diversity in the world.



A) Therefore, humans use chemicals to get rid of harmful plants growing among agricultural crops.



C) An increased public awareness of environmental problems has made ecology a common but often misused word.



B) Scientists have so far been able to identify about one million species of insects. C) Nevertheless, they are of undeniably great value to nature and to humans.



D) Our understanding of environmental problems has increased by a very large extent over the last few decades.



D) Pollination is the process by which most plants reproduce, but there are exceptions.



E) Although the field is a distinct scientific discipline, it has a close relationship with other disciplines.



E) While some insects protect themselves with their poison, others use camouflage.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



8



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 46. The principle of all the sciences, including physics, is generally considered to be the ordering of the complex appearances detected by our senses. In other words, this is the ordering of what we often refer to as the “world around us”. In fact, many people think of science as a mechanical process of collecting facts. ---Essentially, science is a creative activity that in many respects resembles other creative activities of the human mind.



47. – 51. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz. 47. Joseph: - I read that Taiwanese researchers have developed a motorcycle that runs on compressed air.



A) This is not the case at all.



Maria: - So, what’s so special about it?



B) Aristotle believed that the natural state of an object is to be at rest.



Joseph: - ----



C) It was Galileo who founded our modern view of motion.



Maria: - Oh, then it really is a significant invention.



D) As a result of Einstein’s theory of relativity, our concepts of space and time have been completely altered.



A) The prototype has not aroused much interest among the public yet. B) It requires electricity to compress the air.



E) The list of ways in which physics, for example, relates to other fields is extensive.



C) Well, it could help to solve the problem of pollution. D) Actually, they have been working on it for quite some time. E) Well, they might soon start mass producing them.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



9



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 50. Jeffrey: - The swine flu outbreak seems to have emerged without warning, don’t you think?



48. Customer: - I’d like to buy a good camera for a reasonable price. What would you recommend?



Nathan: - Yes, you have a point. But I think the virus existed for some time before it was discovered.



Shop assistant: - Well, we have this professional series, with which you can get extra high-resolution images and at least three types of lenses. Their prices start from $3,000.



Jeffrey: - ----



Customer: - ----



Nathan: - The answer is likely “yes”, if more attention had been paid to the human-animal interactions that enable new viruses to emerge.



Shop assistant: - Then, maybe you’d consider one from this series, which comes with only the standard lens, but can be upgraded when necessary. Plus, they provide equally high-resolution images.



A) Do you think governments have taken the necessary measures against it?



A) Oh, I didn’t expect that they would be so simple.



B) Could there be a more effective way of monitoring the course of the disease?



B) Actually, photography has been a major interest of mine for a long time.



C) Do you think the world faces more pandemics like this one?



C) I can see you are very informed about cameras.



D) Couldn’t it have been detected and the spread of it prevented?



D) Oh, I don’t think I want something so professional.



E) Do you think vaccination against such pandemics would solve the problem?



E) Well, that really is a good value.



51. Peter: - Weren’t you thinking of getting a new job as a laboratory assistant? Well, here is an advertisement.



49. Thomas: - Did you know that e. coli, the bacteria that upsets stomachs and kills people, can actually be useful? Julie: - How so?



Joanna: - Oh, I have already seen that one, but I’m not the one they are looking for.



Thomas: - ----



Peter: - ----



Julie: - Wow! That means it is going to serve as an alternative energy source.



Joanna: - Yes, all but a very important one. I’m not a British citizen.



A) You know, it is actually present in the intestines.



A) Don’t you want to work in Britain?



B) Well, scientists have genetically engineered it to excrete biodiesel.



B) But why? You meet all the requirements. C) Why? Don’t you have a licence to work as a lab assistant?



C) It obtains the energy it needs from the intestinal flora.



D) Are they looking for better qualified people?



D) The new method involves mixing the bacteria with sugar cane.



E) You’re wrong; I’m sure they don’t care about citizenship.



E) The newly-developed biodiesel is not as efficient as a fossil fuel. Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



10



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 55. (I) Water vapour is the most common greenhouse gas in the atmosphere, accounting for about 60 to 70 per cent of the natural greenhouse effect. (II) Humans do not have a direct effect on water vapour levels in the atmosphere. (III) But human activities do increase the concentration of other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, producing warmer temperatures. (IV) Indeed, global warming has now become one of the most passionately argued issues of our time. (V) This results in an increase in the evaporation of oceans, lakes, and rivers, raising the amount of water vapour in the atmosphere.



52. – 56. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. 52. (I) The Anacostia River, which flows through the heart of Washington, DC, is just one of dozens of severely polluted rivers in the US. (II) It is contaminated with the molecular remnants of dyes, plastics, asphalt, and pesticides. (III) Recent tests have shown that up to 68% of the river’s brown bullhead catfish suffer from liver cancer. (IV) Water pollution comes from many sources, such as wastewater from textile and pulp mills, agricultural waste, and residential sewage. (V) Wildlife officials recommend that anyone who catches the river’s fish toss them back uneaten, and swimming has been banned. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



E) V



53. (I) Weight, lift, thrust, and drag are the four primary sources acting upon an airplane. (II) Since the 1950s, aircraft technology has developed at an amazing speed, making especially great advances in thrust. (III) Weight, which is the force caused by gravity, is also the force that offsets lift, which is the upward force on the plane, because it acts in the opposite direction. (IV) Thrust, which is provided by a propeller or a jet engine, or a combination of the two, is the force that pushes the airplane forward in the air. (V) The fourth force, drag, is created by the friction that the airplane produces when moving through the air. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



54. (I) Volcanic eruptions in populated regions are a significant threat to people, property, and agriculture. (II) The danger is mostly from fast-moving hot flows of explosively erupted materials, falling ash, and highly destructive flows of lava and volcanic debris. (III) On the contrary, they can also be rich in natural resources, especially with the materials that they erupt. (IV) In addition, explosive eruptions, even from volcanoes in unpopulated regions, can eject ash high into the atmosphere, posing a danger to distant populations. (V) Such explosions also create drifting volcanic ash clouds that represent a serious hazard to airplanes. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



56. (I) For a long time, science was more or less a united whole known as “natural philosophy,” and wasn’t that th far removed from art. (II) Then, in the 18 century, the distinctions between the scientific fields began to th appear. (III) Later, in the 19 century, to take two examples, physics and chemistry went their separate ways. (IV) Actually, several physicists in the 1930s and 1940s tried to apply their knowledge to microbiology. (V) So, the sharp border that we now see between the arts and sciences is but only a few centuries old. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



E) V



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



11



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 58. It is clearly stressed in the passage that, before the development of different dating methods, ----.



57. – 60. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Palaeontology was once limited to digging up fossils and trying to deduce their age with inaccurate methods. However, fossil analysis improved dramatically in the 1960s, with the advent and refinement of two techniques: radiometric dating and stratigraphy. The first radiometric method was also known as carbon-14 dating, and it was usable for specimens younger than 50,000 years. Later, potassium-argon dating revolutionized the field by enabling scientists to detect the radioactive decay of elements found naturally in rocks and soil surrounding much older fossils. Stratigraphy, which is the study of rock layering, actually was developed well before the 1960s, but that was the decade scientists began to better understand how geological conditions, earthen layers, and fossil records all relate. The resulting refinement of biostratigraphy, i.e., the study of the complete life of a stratum of earth, allowed scientists to determine the environment and lifestyle of human ancestors based on fossilized flora and fauna found within the same layer as the hominine fossils. Since the 1960s, DNA testing has come to be used widely. As all living organisms have the same genetic code, scientists can use DNA variations as a molecular clock. After splitting with a common ancestor, each generation develops a constant rate of genetic mutations. The molecular clock allows scientists to calculate how long ago the split occurred based on the number of differences between species. The method is now helping scientists map the routes that humans took out of Africa.



A) the molecular clock was used by scientists to determine the age of fossils B) the age of fossils could not be determined reliably C) palaeontology was regarded as a field of study that was only concerned with the excavation of fossils D) it was impossible to know whether Africa was the home of the first human beings E) only the age of fossils which were older than 50,000 years could be determined accurately



59. According to the passage, stratigraphy ----. A) helped scientists to understand the relationship among only fossil records B) deals mainly with vegetative life in a given region C) started to be used in the study of fossils long after its emergence as a science D) later established the basis for DNA dating E) allowed scientists to refine the methods of biostratigraphy



60. The passage is mainly concerned with ----.



57. It can be understood from the passage that the carbon-14 method ----.



A) the advanced methods palaeontologists use to date fossils



A) involves the use of radioactivity to make fossils decay



B) how palaeontology came to be recognized as a field of science



B) can be used to date fossils of any age



C) recent advances made in the study of genetic mutations



C) revolutionized potassium-argon dating D) was no longer practiced after the 1960s



D) the development of DNA testing and its use in deciphering the genetic code



E) was the earliest form of radiometric dating



E) the relationship between humans and the environment they live in



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



12



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 62. According to the passage, baleen whales are different from toothed whales because they ----.



61. – 64. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) use their trachea to produce sounds Baleen whales and toothed whales each have a unique way of vocalizing. Only baleen whales produce long sequences of deep sounds known as whale songs. They have a larynx, an organ at the top of the trachea, which may be involved in sound production. Researchers are unclear about the organ’s role in the songs as whale larynxes are unlike those of humans, which have vocal chords. Toothed whales, on the other hand, rely on sequences of high-pitched clicks and whistles for both echo location and communication with their mates. Their phonic lips, a structure analogous to human nasal passages, press together when air is forced through them, vibrating the surrounding tissue. The sound waves then penetrate an oily organ in the whale’s head, called the “melon”, where they are focused into a beam of sound. When this beam strikes a fish, the seabed, or another object, the sound is reflected back to the whale as an echo. Toothed whales can thus locate prey and navigate in total darkness. However, during their long, deep dives, toothed whales cannot inhale air every time they want to produce a sound. So they collect it in a sac at the back of their head and reuse it.



B) communicate with other whales through whistles C) can dive to immeasurable depths and find their ways in full darkness D) are much more efficient in locating feeding areas in the sea E) produce what is called the “whale song”



63. It is clear from the passage that toothed whales ----. A) can hardly find where their prey is located B) navigate through the echoes of the sounds they make C) often come up to the sea surface to inhale enough air D) generally swim close to the seabed while they are hunting E) are better hunters than baleen whales, especially in deep waters



61. It is pointed out in the passage that there is some uncertainty as to ----. A) why both baleen and toothed whales use sounds in order to find their ways B) whether toothed whales can travel long distances in the sea without inhaling fresh air



64. The passage ----. A) doesn’t explain clearly how toothed whales vocalize B) gives a full account of the study researchers have made of baleen whales C) focuses more on toothed whales than on baleen whales



C) how a baleen whale’s phonic lips function in the production of sound D) how baleen whales produce sound



D) points out the similarities of sound production in whales and human beings



E) how far whale songs travel in the sea when whales communicate with their mates



E) describes in detail how toothed whales hunt in total darkness



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



13



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 66. One understands from the passage that the 1997 Kyoto Protocol ----.



65. – 68. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. The human population continues to grow by more than 75 million people annually. Since the first Earth Day in 1970, emission rates have remained steady at about 1.2 metric tons of carbon per person per year. Unfortunately, the 1997 Kyoto Protocol has had little measurable effect on these per-capita emissions, even in the countries that have agreed to national targets. More than any other factor, population growth drives rising carbon emissions, and the US Census Bureau and United Nations both project that the global population, currently 6.6 billion, will surpass 9 billion before 2050. The implication is that one of the best strategies for reducing future greenhouse gas emissions is population stabilization, as quickly as can be achieved by noncoercive means.



A) was originally inspired by the celebration of Earth Day in 1970 B) can be considered a major achievement by the United Nations and the United States C) does contain a set of extremely harsh sanctions on gas emissions D) has been most effective in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions E) has been largely disregarded by the countries that have signed it



67. It is emphasized in the passage that annual population growth in the world ----. A) can be reduced effectively through the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol B) has the effect of raising the amount of carbon emissions C) plays no role in the increase in greenhouse gas emissions D) is constantly watched by the US Census Bureau so that it can be kept stable E) has alarmed many countries and forced them to take measures to prevent it



65. It is suggested in the passage that one feasible way of reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the future ----.



68. As claimed in the passage, by 2050, the world’s population will ----. A) increase by more than half



A) may be through the control of population growth



B) definitely reach a stable level



B) is through the enlargement of the measures included in the 1997 Kyoto Protocol



C) cease to have any effect on gas emissions



C) will be through the assignment of more responsibility to the United Nations



D) have a much lower growth rate



D) can best be found through cooperation among all the countries in the world



E) decrease by 75 million people per year



E) depends to a large extent on the revision of the 1997 Kyoto Protocol



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



14



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 70. According to the passage, artificial spider silk ----.



69. – 72. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) could have various uses in industry



Scientists are exploring ways of producing spider silk artificially, a process difficult to repeat effectively. A spider’s silk gland is a very efficient chemical factory. Inside its gland, the spider stores a mixture of liquid proteins, which it is able to transform into light, strong fibres. Artificial spider silk could have many applications, from lightweight and durable packing materials to parachutes, surgical sutures, and even bullet-proof vests. Producing it synthetically is a twopart process: scientists must first manufacture the proteins and then find a way to form them into superfine threads. They have had success with the first part, by producing proteins through genetic modification. Binding proteins into fibres as thin and strong as spider silk, however, has proved to be a challenge. Recently, however, a group of German scientists have attempted to solve that problem by using a device modelled on a spider’s glands. Like the arachnid method, the proteins are mixed with potassium phosphate, and then the pH is lowered before pressure is applied as the mixture flows through tiny channels, hardening and binding the proteins. So far, researchers have been able to make fibres of only a fraction of an inch long, but they hope to be able to produce longer, stronger fibres in the future.



B) is produced only in chemical factories C) is commonly known as a very profitable product D) is a material that has already had a wide range of applications E) is currently being produced in threads longer than an inch



71. It is clear from the passage that natural spider silk is produced ----. A) in large quantities for use in the production of various materials B) only when the spider’s silk gland has stored enough liquid proteins C) shortly before the spider’s silk gland undergoes a chemical reaction D) through the transformation in the spider’s silk gland of liquid proteins into fibres E) even though the spider’s silk gland fails to have an adequate amount of liquid protein mixture



72. It is pointed out in the passage that, in making synthetic silk, scientists have so far been successful in ----.



69. As stressed in the passage, with regard to the production of artificial spider silk, the main problem is ----. A) the difficulty in mixing proteins with potassium phosphate



A) imitating the entire natural process of silk production



B) that scientists are not seriously interested in it



B) producing fibres suitable for parachutes and bullet-proof vests



C) how to make fibres as fine and long as natural spider silk



C) understanding the importance of proteins



D) whether the material can be used for various purposes



D) producing artificial fibres about an inch in thickness



E) whether it can be commercially and technologically viable



E) obtaining the necessary proteins through genetic modification



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



15



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 74. According to the passage, upon the analysis of the fluid found in a South African gold mine, scientists have learned that ----.



73. – 76. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. An organism discovered deep in the ground has taken astrobiologists by surprise. The organism’s unique ability to live in complete isolation from other species, or even light or oxygen, suggests it could be the key to life on other planets. It was discovered in fluid-filled cracks in a South African gold mine, nearly three kilometres beneath the Earth’s surface. When US scientists analyzed the fluid, they expected to find genes from a mix of species. Instead, they found that 99.9 per cent of the DNA belonged to just one bacterium, a previously unknown species. Such a self-sufficient organism is virtually unheard of. It means that this organism extracts everything it needs from an otherwise dead environment. Almost all other known organisms on the Earth that do not use sunlight directly do use some product of photosynthesis. However, this newly-found organism gets its energy from the radioactive decay of uranium in the surrounding rocks. It also has genes to extract carbon and nitrogen from its environment, both of which are essential for making proteins. Scientists believe that this organism is just the type that could survive on a planet other than the Earth.



A) proteins discovered in it were made through carbon and nitrogen B) it contained only one type of organism, unlike any of those already known C) the Earth and other planets have similar environmental conditions D) the radioactive effects of uranium can be seen very deep down in the Earth E) all kinds of organisms can be found not only on the Earth but also on other planets



75. It is clear from the passage that what makes the newly-found organism unique is that it ----. A) lives in an environment that lacks any kind of organic life B) can survive only through photosynthesis C) feeds on the remains of dead organisms D) does not have to produce proteins E) exists only in the depths of the Earth



76. One understands from the passage that astrobiologists ----.



73. As suggested in the passage, for scientists, the newly-discovered organism ----. A) can be useful in preventing environmental deformation



A) have focused all their efforts on the search for life on other planets



B) is unique only to Africa’s ecosystem



B) regard organisms as indispensable for the solution of environmental problems



C) can provide clues about life on other planets



C) were astonished by the discovery of so unusual an organism in the depths of the Earth



D) seems to reveal the beginnings of life on the Earth



D) have now shifted their attention to the study of organisms deep in the Earth



E) can survive only in an environment where there is plenty of protein



E) have been particularly interested in the DNA structure of a large variety of organisms



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



16



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 78. It is asserted in the passage that, when something is understood scientifically, ----.



77. – 80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. A scientific view of something is always an intimate mixture of theories and observed facts. The theories are broad, general ideas together with arguments based on them. The arguments are designed to show that, if the general ideas are accepted, then this or the other thing ought to be observed. If this, that, or the other actually is observed, then the theory is a good one; if not, then the theoreticians have to think again. Thus, theoretical ideas and arguments are continually subjected to the severe test of comparison with the facts, and scientists are proud of the strictness with which this is done. On the other hand, theories often suggest new things to look for; in other words, they lead to predictions. These predictions are frequently successful, and scientists are entitled to be proud of that, too. But it follows that no theory is immutable; any scientific view of any subject may, in principle, be invalidated at any time by the discovery of new facts.



A) it shows how essentially the theory rather than the observation is important B) this involves not only the relevant theory but also an observation of facts themselves C) this means the rejection of the arguments put forward against it D) the predictions made so far lose their significance and are not taken into consideration E) this is because new facts have not been discovered yet



79. It is clear from the passage that theories ----. A) usually provide guidelines for new discoveries B) always arouse a great deal of controversy among scientists C) sometimes exist separately from observed facts D) can be maintained unless they are validated by new facts E) are specific formulations that are taken for granted by many scientists



80. According to the passage, the validity of a theory ----. A) can seldom be rejected once all the theoreticians share a common view B) is always hard to maintain, since scientists usually come up with contrary views



77. The point made in the passage is that theories are subject to revision or may lose their validity ----.



C) can only be established after a series of arguments put forward by various theoreticians



A) if and when new facts are brought to light



D) is determined through the test of its comparison with observed facts



B) so long as they are not supported through arguments



E) always makes scientists proud of their work for the progress of science



C) because the arguments about them are not based on facts D) even though they have been tested and compared with facts E) due to the fact that most of the observations they are based on cannot be tested



17



TEST BİTTİ. EĞİTİM TANRISI'NIN İZNİYLE CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.



ÜNİVERSİTELERARASI KURUL YABANCI DİL SINAVI (ÜDS) 4 EKİM 2009



İNGİLİZCE FEN BİLİMLERİ TESTİ CEVAP ANAHTARI A KİTAPÇIĞI 1. E



21. E



41. A



61. D



2. C



22. D



42. D



62. E



3. E



23. E



43. C



63. B



4. B



24. B



44. D



64. C



5. D



25. C



45. E



65. A



6. E



26. E



46. A



66. E



7. D



27. D



47. C



67. B



8. C



28. A



48. D



68. A



9. A



29. C



49. B



69. C



10. B



30. B



50. D



70. A



11. C



31. C



51. B



71. D



12. E



32. D



52. D



72. E



13. D



33. E



53. B



73. C



14. C



34. B



54. C



74. B



15. D



35. C



55. D



75. A



16. E



36. E



56. D



76. C



17. C



37. C



57. E



77. A



18. D



38. E



58. B



78. B



19. A



39. B



59. C



79. A



20. B



40. C



60. A



80. D



A İNGİLİZCE SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ TESTİ 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 5. Short-term memory records the information in front of us right now, though a portion of this seems to evaporate soon afterward; the remainder ---- a process in the brain called consolidation, which makes it permanent.



1. – 18. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. 1. The ---- of potassium in the human body is dramatically demonstrated when too much or too little of it is secreted. A) comparison



B) attribution



C) significance



D) marginality



A) goes through



B) gives off



C) gets away with



D) puts off



E) comes up with



E) demand



2. In the past decade, technology has become ---- to freeze human embryos and then successfully transplant them into host mothers, thereby giving some young women the option of postponing childbirth. A) appropriate



B) negligible



C) potential



D) degraded



6. More than 350,000 people in the UK (25,000 of them children) suffer from Type I diabetes, an auto-immune condition that is ---- by a variety of largely unknown genetic and environmental factors.



E) available



A) taken part in



B) brought about



C) cut down on



D) done away with E) got over



3. Most multiple-sclerosis patients suffer weakness and visual problems, and they become ---- more disabled. A) hardly



B) progressively D) solely



C) absolutely



E) plausibly



7. For a long time, scientists ---- by the fact that the French ---- to eat fatty diets rich in red meat but to live as long as those on lean and vegetarian diets. A) had been intrigued / are tending B) were intrigued / would have tended



4. Traditionally, medicine has taken a paternalistic stance towards patients, with the all-knowing physician ---- wisdom from on high, but that is becoming increasingly unacceptable. A) informing



B) withdrawing



D) providing



C) would be intrigued / have been tending D) will have been intrigued / would tend



C) requesting



E) have been intrigued / tend



E) commenting



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



18



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 11. In Britain, the highest-level medical jobs continue to be dominated by men of 55 or more, but these distinguished consultants and professors ---within the next ten years, and this ---- more women to reach the top tier.



8. Although people ---- with both “good” brown fat cells and normal white fat cells, usually the former ---- after infancy. A) have been born / lose B) were born / will lose



A) will have been retiring / is allowing



C) are born / are lost



B) have retired / allowed



D) had been born / had lost



C) would have retired / will be allowing



E) are to be born / had been lost



D) had been retiring / has allowed E) will be retiring / will allow



9. As part of an effort by the UK government to track down people at risk of a heart attack, British doctors ---- to investigate the family history of those of their patients who ---- high cholesterol. A) had been told / are having B) are telling / have had C) would be told / will have



12. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, 85,000 baby teeth were collected ---- children in the Midwestern US as part of a study of a possible link ---- the testing of atomic bombs and human health. A) around / beside



B) with / from



C) inside / throughout



D) from / between



E) under / among



D) have been told / have E) had told / had had



10. The latest research finding that older adults are generally happier than younger ones ---superficially at odds with many studies that ---older people are at higher risk for depression and other mental health problems. A) seems / have found B) seemed / will find



13. Evidence clearly shows there is a preventive effect ---- aspirin and other anti-inflammatory drugs ---- colorectal cancer. A) after / with



B) on / to



C) of / on



D) without / by E) between / beside



C) has seemed / would find D) had seemed / have been finding E) could have seemed / would have found



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



19



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 14. ---- the so-called swine flu turns out to be less frightening than first feared, it is only a matter of time before a deadlier one comes along. A) Unless



B) Even if D) While



19. – 23. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



C) Whether Ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun is classified into three types: ultraviolet A (UVA), ultraviolet B (UVB), and ultraviolet C (UVC), depending on its wavelength. UV light in small amounts is (19)----, as it helps the body produce Vitamin D. (20)----, larger amounts of UV light damage DNA (the body’s genetic material) and alter the amounts and kinds of chemicals (21)---- the skin cells make. UV light also (22)---- folic acid, sometimes resulting in deficiency of that essential vitamin in fair-skinned individuals. Although UVA penetrates deeper (23)---- the skin, UVB is responsible for at least three quarters of the damaging effects of UV light, including tanning, burning, premature skin aging, wrinkling, and skin cancer.



E) When



15. All efforts by the Chinese government to eliminate the most widespread parasitic infection in the country failed, ---- a new drug arrived in the 1980s that was said to be highly effective in controlling the disease. A) just as



B) so that D) even after



C) in case



E) whereby



19. 16. After Hurricane Katrina hit the US city of New Orleans in 2005 and left it without electricity for many weeks, mold and spores easily grew in the still-habitable houses, ---- respiratory and skin problems are still widespread. A) because



B) so



D) yet



A) neutral



B) beneficial



C) indeterminate



D) minimal



E) economical 20.



C) although E) whenever



A) Additionally



B) Similarly



C) However



D) Indeed E) Otherwise



21.



17. Many surgeons believe that a patient ---- face bears a calm expression immediately before an operation is likely to require less anaesthesia during the procedure. A) what



B) which D) that



A) that



B) what D) whatever



C) where E) wherever



C) whatever E) whose



22. A) should break down B) must break down



18. In the developing world, the public-sector health care infrastructure is typically overwhelmed, which is not surprising considering ---- national governments spend on health as a share of national income. A) how little



B) few



C) broke down D) might have broken down E) may break down



C) so much



D) just as much E) how many



23. A) with



B) from D) without



C) into E) beside Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



20



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 27. Although it has a shameful history of sabotaging the many attempts to bring universal health care to the American people, ----.



24. – 35. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.



A) the medical-insurance industry now accepts the need for radical changes in this area



24. Since the response to a cholera outbreak is often led by medical professionals, ----. A) epidemics can easily escalate into pandemics when medications are scarce



B) political leaders are increasingly unhappy about the opposition of the insurance industry



B) another disease should be chosen by those in charge



C) a typical insurance company does not want to see such a model introduced in the US



C) doctors and nurses must learn to cooperate in emergency and non-emergency situations alike



D) many politicians agree with the position traditionally taken by these companies



D) other aspects, such as environmental or communication issues, might tend to be neglected



E) a majority of the population is frightened of the government interfering in their relationships with their insurers



E) cholera often results in severe dehydration and even death



28. Although it is not an automatic correlation, ----. A) shock-absorbing shoes with cushioned soles have long been considered better for runners



25. ---- that is often associated with extreme tiredness.



B) there are two types of diabetes, Type I and Type II



A) Medical investigators decided to study the biochemical clock that keeps bodies running parallel with the sun



C) people who have a family history of cancer may be at greater risk for the disease



B) Molecular biologists are feverishly at work on a new research project



D) cholesterol-lowering drugs are covered by the more comprehensive medical-insurance plans



C) Most disorders requiring surgery during pregnancy centre on the abdominal region



E) one’s doctor should inspire a feeling of trust, not fear



D) Occupational safety regulations issued by the US government have resulted in an industry record E) Rheumatoid arthritis is one example of a disease



29. Ever since scientists learned how to manipulate genes, ----. A) doctors and patients have pinned their hopes on this knowledge being transmuted into readily available medical procedures



26. If it is proven to be successful in clinical studies, ----. A) significant results in scar reduction have already been reported by the University of Manchester



B) advances in gene therapy are expected to be announced by research teams in Japan and Argentina in the near future



B) an experimental drug has been designed to reduce certain types of scarring



C) all gene therapy rests on the idea that the patient’s genes can be manipulated in such a way that the organism fixes itself



C) this new preparation comes after decades of research into its anti-scarring properties



D) various other therapies, such as bone-marrow transplants, have proved inadequate in making headway against the rare disorder of severe combined immuno-deficiency



D) the new treatment could be used in the early management of wounds from surgery and injury E) patients are being told not to get their hopes up of the treatment being available soon



E) no clinical trial expects to get ultimate approval in the near future by health authorities in the US and Europe Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



21



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 30. Laser light usually passes easily through bone, ----. A) except in cases where its use has been ruled out B) unless the diagnosis is incorrect C) as will many orthopaedic surgeons



33. The waiting lists for organ transplants in the Western countries are becoming longer and longer ----. A) so that desperate people in developing countries try to sell their own kidneys B) as more of the ageing populations there develop life-threatening conditions



D) whereas bone seldom displays resistance to it



C) although China and India, for example, are trying to stop the illegal trade in organs



E) but sound does not



D) in case people hoping to receive a new liver or heart don’t die prematurely E) even if a greater number of surgeons could be persuaded to perform such operations



31. ----, he was one of three people awarded the 2008 Nobel Prize for Medicine. 34. Common bacterial infections have evolved to become a nightmare for hospitals worldwide ----.



A) Only if Harald zur Hausen’s earlier work with retroviruses is excluded



A) because they have developed resistance to overused antibiotics



B) Unless scientists other than Harald zur Hausen had not received credit for their discoveries



B) despite the fact that hygiene levels are not as high as they should be



C) Unlike the medical breakthroughs achieved by other men that had been honoured previously D) Because Harald zur Hausen had discovered that human papilloma viruses cause cervical cancer



C) if the staff within them don’t continue to follow proper sterilization procedures D) that are struggling with ever-increasing surgical and administrative costs



E) Now that human papilloma viruses are known to cause cervical cancer



E) before antibiotics came into widespread use after the Second World War



35. The British Medical Association is coming under pressure to support compulsory childhood vaccinations, ----.



32. ----, many women will welcome the opportunity to take some preventive action against bone thinning.



A) when such interventions are insisted on by the parents



A) As they enter middle age



B) whereas there are several diseases for which there are no vaccinations



B) Despite the fact that their emotional outbursts are seldom justified C) Knowing that sports injuries are almost inevitable in the highly active



C) after a false scare about autism led to a drop in vaccinations and a big jump in measles cases D) most of which were of no value after a certain age



D) Unless they are told to do so by their doctors E) When doctors forget to advise their patients



E) but this fails to take into account the views of the general public



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



22



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 37. Milk and other dairy products have long been recognized as highly nutritious foods, rich in protein and minerals necessary for good teeth and strong bones.



36. – 38. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz. 36. Certain kidney disorders are diagnosed by injecting a radioactive chemical into the patient’s blood and then measuring the amount of radioactive material passed in the urine.



A) Protein ve mineraller bakımından zengin olan süt ve çeşitli süt ürünlerinin, sağlam diş ve kuvvetli kemikler için önemli derecede yararlı gıdalar olduğu her zaman kabul görmüştür.



A) Bazı böbrek bozuklukları, hastanın kanına radyoaktif bir kimyasal zerk edilerek ve sonra idrara geçen radyoaktif maddenin miktarı ölçülerek teşhis edilir. B) Bazı böbrek bozukluklarını teşhis etmek için, hastanın kanına radyoaktif bir kimyasal zerk edildikten sonra, bu radyoaktif maddenin idrara ne miktarda geçtiği ölçülür.



B) Eskiden beri kabul edildiği üzere, sağlam diş ve kuvvetli kemikler için zengin protein ve mineraller içeren süt ve süt ürünleri, oldukça besleyici gıdalardır. C) Sağlam diş ve kuvvetli kemikler için zengin protein ve mineraller içeren süt ve süt ürünlerinin, çok yararlı gıdalar olduğu eskiden de kabul edilirdi.



C) Hastanın kanına zerk edilen radyoaktif bir kimyasalın, radyoaktif madde olarak ne miktarda idrara karıştığı ölçülerek belli bazı böbrek bozukluklarının teşhisi yapılır. D) Belli başlı böbrek bozukluklarının teşhisi, hastanın kanına radyoaktif bir kimyasalın zerk edilerek idrara karışan radyoaktif maddenin miktarının ölçülmesi ile gerçekleştirilir.



D) Süt ve diğer süt ürünleri, eskiden beri, sağlam diş ve kuvvetli kemikler için gerekli olan protein ve mineraller bakımından zengin, son derece besleyici gıdalar olarak kabul edilmektedir. E) Süt ve çeşitli süt ürünleri, sağlam diş ve kuvvetli kemikler için zengin protein ve mineraller içerirler ve bu bakımdan her zaman son derece yararlı gıdalar olarak kabul edilirler.



E) Böbrek bozukluklarından bazılarının teşhis edilmesi, radyoaktif bir kimyasalın, hastanın kanına zerk edildikten sonra, idrara geçen radyoaktif madde ölçülerek gerçekleştirilir.



38. Almost all the molecules a cell makes are composed of carbon atoms bonded to one another and to atoms of other elements. A) Hem birbirine hem de diğer elementlerin atomlarına bağlı karbon atomlarından oluşan moleküllerin tümü, hücrelerce üretilir. B) Bir hücrenin ürettiği moleküllerin hemen hemen tümü, birbirine ve diğer elementlerin atomlarına bağlı karbon atomlarından oluşmaktadır. C) Moleküllerin tümü, gerek birbirlerine gerek diğer elementlerin atomlarına bağlı karbon atomları olup, hücrelerde oluşur. D) Hemen hemen bütün moleküller, hücrelerde üretilerek, birbirlerine ve ayrıca diğer elementlerin atomlarına bağlı karbon atomlarını içerirler. E) Birbirlerine olduğu kadar diğer elementlerin atomlarına da bağlı karbon atomlarının oluşturduğu moleküllerin neredeyse tümü, hücrelerde üretilir.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



23



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 41. Egzersiz, kalp hastalığı riskini yarıya indirebilir, ancak çoğu yetişkin, tavsiye edilen egzersizleri yapmayı ihmal etmektedir.



39. – 41. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz.



A) Adults in general neglect the kind of exercises they have been advised to do even though they are aware that exercise reduces the risk of heart disease by half.



39. Kemoterapinin yan etkileri, ilaçların, hızla bölünen normal hücreler üzerindeki etkilerinden ileri gelmektedir. A) It is the adverse effects drugs have on rapidlydivided normal cells that lead to the side effects of chemotherapy.



B) The risk of heart disease can be reduced by half through exercise, although a great majority of adults are indifferent to the exercises they have been advised to do.



B) Since drugs have adverse effects on normal cells that divide very fast, this leads to the side effects of chemotherapy.



C) Exercise can cut the risk of heart disease in half, but most adults neglect to do the exercises recommended.



C) The side effects of chemotherapy are closely related to the effects that drugs have on rapidlydivided normal cells.



D) Since many adults fail to do the recommended exercises, they always face the risk of heart disease that can be cut down in half through exercise.



D) The side effects of chemotherapy are due to the drugs’ effects on normal cells that rapidly divide.



E) Exercise is indispensable in order to reduce the risk of heart disease by half, but a growing number of adults refuse to do their recommended exercises.



E) Due to the rapid division of normal cells, brought about by the effects of drugs, chemotherapy has side effects.



40. Bazı kanser türlerine bağlı ölüm oranları son yıllarda düşmüştür, ancak kanserin yol açtığı ölümlerin genel oranı, endişe verici bir şekilde artmaktadır. A) In recent years, death rates connected with some kinds of cancer have fallen dramatically, while the number of deaths caused by other types of cancer has shown much increase. B) There has been a noticeable decrease in recent years in certain cancer death rates even though the average rate of deaths related to cancer in general has been increasing seriously. C) In recent years, a remarkable decrease of deaths related to various types of cancer has been noticed, although there is a worrying increase in the number of deaths due to cancer in general. D) Some types of cancer have a low rate of death, but in recent years there has been a worrying increase in the overall rate of deaths due to cancer in general. E) Death rates due to some types of cancer have decreased in recent years, but the overall rate of deaths caused by cancer is alarmingly on the rise.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



24



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 42. – 46. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz. 42. Down’s syndrome, muscular dystrophy, and haemophilia may be among the best-known genetic diseases, but they are most certainly not alone. Several thousand human genes are linked, when they fail to work properly, to more than 4,000 heritable genetic diseases. Moreover, only a handful of these diseases are treatable. ----



43. In 1572, Michel de Montaigne, a French philosopher, observed that “there are men on whom the mere sight of medicine is operative.” Over the centuries, all manner of sugar pills and bitter tonics have been given to patients in the belief that they might do some good and probably will do no harm. ---- While some consider this a virtuous lie, others argue it is unethical. A) The problem is that doctors have usually prescribed such placebos while telling patients that they are sure to make them feel better.



A) Deactivating such genes during embryonic development does not kill the embryo, which suggests that disease-related genes are recently evolved.



B) An added benefit of this approach is that the prescribed items are available at much lower cost than standard pharmaceuticals, thus relieving families financially.



B) Researchers have found that the majority of disease-causing genes were originally present in single-celled organisms and that most of the rest arose much later.



C) Fortunately, the American Medical Association advised its members in 2006 to use a placebo for diagnosis or treatment only if the patient is so informed and agrees to it.



C) Haemophilia, for example, achieved widespread visibility among the European public when it afflicted several generations of royal families on the Continent.



D) Similarly, so-called faith healing carried out by unconventional religious leaders has hundreds of thousands of believers worldwide. E) There are two explanations for the apparent popularity of placebos: they do, in fact, work; and they are used by overworked doctors to deal with troublesome patients.



D) The incidence of juvenile diabetes, another heritable disorder, is on the rise in the US, much to the alarm of public-health authorities. E) Any way of systematizing knowledge about them would thus be welcome, starting with features that the genes that cause diseases have in common.



44. Like many other activities, global health has fashions. ---- Recently, though, the focus has shifted to malaria. This tropical disease kills a million people a year, most of them children, and debilitates hundreds of millions more. That is why researchers are racing against one another to be the first to devise an effective vaccine. A) However, not all developing countries are struggling with health-related issues. B) Before Jonas Salk came up with his polio vaccine, many parents lived in fear of their children being struck down by the disease. C) In Eastern Europe, for example, there has been much concern about illicit drug use since the Cold War ended. D) For the past couple of decades, AIDS has captured both the imagination and the research dollars. E) In contrast, tropical diseases have not always received the attention they deserve from either national governments or international organizations.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



25



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 45. ---- Their findings raise possible health concerns for those working in the manufacture of the materials. Carbon nanotubes are rolled-up sheets of graphite thousands of times thinner than a human hair. Because they are immensely strong and are good electricity conductors, they are poised for use in a wide range of fields, from engineering to medicine. However, their similarity in shape to asbestos fibres, which are known to damage the lungs, is giving rise to fears of their adverse effects on human health.



47. – 51. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz. 47. Robert: - Like most people, you probably think that the billions of dollars poured by the West into fighting diseases in poor countries have produced only good results. Tom: - Of course, I do. For one thing, it’s well-known that millions of people are alive today because of the coordinated distribution of HIV drugs in developing countries.



A) Carbon nanotubes are unlikely to pose risks to the general public when incorporated into products. B) In studies done on mice, inhaling nanotubes affected the function of T-cells, a type of white blood cell that organizes the immune system.



Robert: - ----



C) Scientists are trying to determine if the production of carbon nanotubes has any biological after-effect.



Tom: - That’s a serious issue that needs to be addressed.



D) Suppression by nanotubes of the immune system in mice has been halted by administering one of the standard anti-inflammatory drugs. E) Inhaling carbon nanotubes can suppress the immune system, according to scientists who have just completed a study of this new substance.



A) The World Health Organization has been overseeing disease-elimination programmes that are making excellent progress. B) You’re absolutely right. In fact, funding for health support in poor countries has increased enormously in recent years. C) That’s true; but there’s a minus side, too: all that money has undermined some countries’ health systems by luring doctors and nurses away from hospitals to work for Western organizations.



46. Infections in the roots of teeth are very difficult to treat. ---- The infected material must then be cleaned out completely and the drilled section filled in. Although the procedure is routine, it is common for some of the bacteria to survive and, therefore, for infections to re-emerge shortly after treatment. A) Wound infections bear some similarity to this and can result in gangrene if not treated successfully.



D) What’s more, in 2000, there was a worldwide reaction of outrage over the situation in Africa, where many were dying of AIDS because of the unavailability of HIV drugs there. E) Don’t you know that an investigative report on the impact of all that money on hospitals and clinics in the poorer countries has just been published?



B) The tooth needs to be drilled into, right down to the bottom of the nerve-carrying canal that runs through the root. C) This may help to explain the related mystery of why dentists have one of the highest suicide rates among professions. D) Surprisingly, salty foods are just as damaging to the teeth as sweet desserts like candy and cake are. E) Unfortunately, most medical-insurance plans do not cover such procedures, even though they are as traumatic to the body as some surgical operations.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



26



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 49. Nancy: - Things are getting crazier and crazier in science. Now the US government has approved a new drug that is not made in a factory but in genetically-modified goats!



48. Barbara: - Isn’t your mother taking special herbal medicines for her arthritis? Mark: - Yes, she decided to go the natural route after reading about possible side effects of conventional medication.



Julie: - ---Nancy: - They secrete the drug in their milk, and it’s then used to untangle blood clots in patients.



Barbara: - ---Mark: - Then I’d better speak to her and urge her to see a specialist.



Julie: - I suppose that’s okay, as long as the animals are not harmed in the process.



A) If we lived in Britain, she wouldn’t have to pay to see an arthritis specialist under the National Health Service there. But here, cost is always a consideration, unfortunately.



A) Is that a drug that you and I are likely to need in the future? B) Won’t that lead to unemployment in the drug industry?



B) I’ve always confused rheumatoid arthritis with osteoarthritis. Which one does your mother have? C) Many people believe they can better benefit from herbs and minerals instead of drugs they perceive to be risky.



C) Are the goats even aware of what has been done to them? D) Why has the government allowed the producers of this drug to go so far beyond what is normal? E) What do the goats do that a factory can’t?



D) Yet, it has now been proved that many herbal medicines and alternative therapies do nothing to help people with arthritis. E) What kind of side effects are you referring to? I think your mother has done the right thing.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



27



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 50. Doctor: - Now that you are receiving chemotherapy, I must warn you against opportunistic infections.



51. Michael: - I have finally decided to quit smoking while I still have my health. Dorothy: - Good for you! It’s hard to believe that cigarette smoking, which is banned inside most places now for health reasons, used to be encouraged by the government.



Patient: - What exactly are you talking about? Doctor: - ----



Michael: - You must be joking!



Patient: - So that probably means bacteria that are usually harmless can overwhelm my body and cause disease.



Dorothy: - ----



A) Well, you know chemotherapy weakens your immune system.



A) You know I never joke about social problems and the situation of the poor. There’s nothing funny about people going hungry.



B) Perhaps you should bring me your vaccine report, so that we can check what diseases you are immune to.



B) Smoking has been proven to greatly increase the likelihood of later getting lung cancer, heart disease, and several other terrible conditions.



C) Well, I think it would be best if you avoided close contact with people who have even the common cold.



C) No, I’m serious. In wartime, the generals told the government they needed “tobacco as much as bullets,” and the government happily sent both.



D) Once your chemotherapy is over, we’ll have to check your body functions and infection resistance again.



D) Yes, actually. Do you want to hear even funnier jokes? I know one about two nurses who worked in a children’s hospital.



E) Well, there are infections that affect people of a certain age group.



E) The harmful effects of passive smoking on people who are not themselves smokers are only now becoming known by the general public.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



28



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 52. – 56. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. 52. (I) The coming convergence of biology and engineering will be led by information technologies, which in medicine means the digitization of medical records and the establishment of an intelligent network for sharing those records. (II) That essential reform will enable many other big technological changes to be introduced throughout the health-care sector. (III) Just as important, it can make personal medical information available to the patients too, enabling them to make decisions related to their own health. (IV) Technology in general is advancing so quickly that many people believe it will improve the quality of life significantly. (V) However, many doctors, and some patients, believe that patients lack the knowledge to make informed decisions about their own health. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



55. (I) The government of Botswana, knowing that up to a third of its population had HIV or AIDS, announced in 2001 that it would offer free antiretroviral treatment to every citizen with AIDS. (II) It was a major medical step forward for sub-Saharan Africa. (III) By the time the HIV drugs had hit the shelves, just about everybody in Botswana knew of it. (IV) And yet, on the last day of 2003, more than two years after the launch of the programme, only about 15,000 people had come forward for treatment. (V) Due to widespread starvation and disease, the African continent will always be a risky place to raise children. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



E) V



53. (I) One of the drawbacks of drugs in general is that they have a variety of adverse side effects. (II) Treatment of vertigo can be divided into three general categories: specific, symptomatic, and rehabilitive. (III) In the first category are included antibiotics, anticoagulants, and surgery. (IV) In fact, many different classes of drugs have been found to have antivertiginous properties. (V) However, all of these drugs can cause metabolic complications, so the decision on which drug or combination to use is based on their known properties and on the severity and duration of the vertigo. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



56. (I) Some pathogens are spread from one person to another by direct contact. (II) They leave the first person through body openings, mucous membranes, and skin wounds, and they enter the second person through similar channels. (III) Many pathogens that once meant certain death for people are now dealt with easily by wide-spectrum antibiotics. (IV) Other pathogens involve an intermediary carrier, such as an insect. (V) The malarial parasite, for example, spends part of its life cycle in mosquitoes, then enters a person's bloodstream when the mosquito bites the person.



E) V



54. (I) Sutures have a long and bizarre history, dating back to ancient Egypt, where everything from tree bark to hair was used to stitch human flesh back together again. (II) In Egypt’s wars with its neighbours, unknown numbers of young men were wounded while fighting. (III) Fifty years ago, a soldier injured on the battlefield would have been sewn up by medics using sheep’s gut. (IV) A hundred years earlier, they would have used silk; before that, metal wire. (V) Today, surgeons often prefer plastics such as polypropylene. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



E) V



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



29



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 58. According to the passage, artificial cochleas have enabled certain deaf people to ----.



57. – 60. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) understand the purpose of strange signals The brain’s capacity for finding new informationprocessing pathways is thought to explain the success of artificial cochleas, which have been implanted in the ears of approximately 100,000 hearing-impaired people around the world. They typically have an array of electrodes, each of which channels electrical signals toward the auditory nerve. The electrodes can stimulate not just a single neuron in the brain but many simultaneously. When cochlear implants first appeared in the 1980s, many neuroscientists expected them to work poorly, given their primitive design. But the devices work well enough for some deaf people to converse over the telephone, particularly after an adjustment period during which channel settings are fine-tuned to provide the best reception. Patients’ brains somehow figure out how to make the most out of the strange signals. The surprising effectiveness of artificial cochleas – together with other evidence of the brain’s adaptability – has fuelled optimism about the prospects for brain/machine substitution. A case in point is an ongoing project at the University of Southern California that seeks to create implantable brain chips that can restore or enhance memory.



B) conduct telephone conversations C) look forward to future brain/machine cooperation D) stimulate the neurons in their brains E) hear just as well as normal people



59. We see from the passage that implantable brain chips ----. A) are now in use at the University of Southern California B) have already managed to improve people’s memories C) have already been developed to improve the quality of hearing D) represent the latest generation of telecommunications technology E) may be developed in the future to strengthen memory



57. The passage makes clear that cochlear implants ----.



60. It is suggested in the passage that the human brain ----.



A) have helped many people with hearing difficulty to hear better



A) needs to be adjusted before deaf people can hear with the implants



B) were enthusiastically approved by neuroscientists when they were introduced



B) has a history of entering into relationships with some machines



C) can only be used with a specially fine-tuned telephone



C) consists exclusively of neurons dedicated to the sense of hearing



D) will in the future be inserted into the brains of patients



D) is capable of creating new ways of processing information



E) weaken the brain’s ability to remember electrical signals



E) always needs to be supported by artificial cochleas



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



30



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 62. It is pointed out in the passage that infant formulas given in a child’s first year ----.



61. – 64. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. By six months of age, the infant’s capacity to digest and absorb a variety of dietary components as well as to metabolize and excrete the resulting products is near the capacity of the adult. Consideration of the long-term effects of inadequate or excessive intakes during infancy now assumes greater importance. These considerations about delivery of adequate amounts of nutrients are the basis for many of the feeding practices advocated during the second six months of life. Although it is clear that all nutrient needs during this period can be met with reasonable amounts of currently available infant formulas, addition of other foods after four to six months of age is recommended. In contrast, the volume of milk produced by many women may not be adequate to meet all nutrient needs of the breast-fed infant beyond about six months of age, especially iron. Thus, for breast-fed infants, complementary foods are an important source of nutrients. Complementary foods (i.e., the additional foods, including formulas, given to the breast-fed infant) or replacement foods (i.e., food other than formula given to formula-fed infants) should be introduced step by step to both breast-fed and formula-fed infants, beginning between four and six months of age.



A) bring the digestive efficiency of the infant almost up to the level of an adult B) should never be combined with replacement foods C) must not be a cause of concern to mothers who are still breast feeding D) will interfere with the effectiveness of complementary foods E) are a reliable way to provide needed nutrition after the first six months of life



63. According to the passage, six months is the age ----. A) from which all future meals until adulthood are decided on B) when the greater importance of infancy becomes clear C) in which any kind of replacement food is discontinued D) when the addition of other foods to the baby’s diet is recommended E) when breast feeding should be stopped



64. The passage states that complementary foods ----.



61. We see from the passage that breast feeding an infant older than six months of age ----. A) carries the possible risk of leaving the child short of needed nutrients



A) are chosen according to how well they match the formula being given



B) must be replaced altogether by other nutrients



B) should be mixed with formulas before being fed to infants



C) is much better than trying to replace it with formula



C) must completely replace the mother’s breast milk in the diet



D) meets all the prescribed nutritional requirements of the child



D) should only be given when a mother’s milk lacks the necessary iron



E) has a long-term effect on inadequate or excessive intake of food



E) are best added to an infant’s diet gradually



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



31



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 66. It can be understood from the passage that some researchers ----.



65. – 68. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Following the growth of biological knowledge in the past few decades, a few researchers now believe extension of the human lifespan might be within reach. Why do organisms – people included – age in the first place? Like machines, people wear out. However, a machine can usually be repaired. A good mechanic with a stock of spare parts can keep it going indefinitely, to the point where no part of the original remains. The question arises, of course, of whether the machine is worth repairing. It is here that people and nature disagree. From the individual’s point of view, survival is a must. You cannot reproduce unless you are alive. Since ageing is a sure way of dying, it is no surprise that people want to stop it from advancing. Moreover, even the appearance of ageing can be harmful. It reduces the range of potential partners who find you attractive – since it is a sign that you are not going to be around for a very long time to help bring up the baby – and this, in turn, restricts your ability to reproduce. There is a paradox, however: the individual’s evolved desire not to age is opposed by another evolutionary force, the disposable soma. The soma is all of a body’s cells apart from the sex cells. Its role is to get the sex cells, and thus the organism’s genes, into the next generation. But evolutionary logic seems to require the soma to age and die in order for a species to continue. There is thus a premium on reproducing early rather than conserving resources for a future that may never come.



A) are trying to extend their own lives to the maximum B) are unsure if extending the human lifespan is worth doing C) now think it may be possible to help people to live longer D) are preparing a large supply of spare parts to help people live indefinitely E) have the goal of making people like machines



67. The passage indicates that the purpose of the soma is to ----. A) oppose a person’s desire not to become old B) transmit genes to one’s child or children C) separate itself from the organism’s sex cells D) persuade the organism to reproduce earlier E) prefer to conserve the organism’s resources



65. As we can infer from the passage, nature tends to ----.



68. According to the passage, just appearing aged without actually being so ----. A) harms the community of potential partners



A) question whether human bodies can be repaired



B) means you will think fewer people are attractive



B) favour shorter lifespans for living creatures



C) shows your real attitude towards babies



C) limit the number of partners a person can find



D) affects your body’s ability to reproduce



D) make people look old before they become old



E) makes it more difficult to have a baby



E) oppose the evolutionary force of soma



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



32



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 70. The passage points out that a human’s immune system ----.



69. – 72. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) grows gradually stronger as he or she gets older Individual “banks” of immune cells taken from pigs might one day be used to boost our own immune systems or to fight HIV and cancer. Our immune system’s T-cells, which play a key role in fighting off diseases, are sharpened during childhood to attack particular pathogens after encountering them. This flexibility diminishes after a child reaches young adulthood, but researchers at a US university have come up with a way to revive it. According to them, if a human’s immune cells are transferred into a young pig, they could be brought up to maximum effectiveness (as in a child’s body), then implanted back into the person they came from. The research team has already had success with experiments where human stem cells were injected into developing pig foetuses; when the piglets were born, the injected cells had multiplied and matured into a diverse range of human T-cells, alongside the pig’s own immune cells, that were shown to be fully functional. The chief researcher envisions this approach eventually being used to make human cells that fight specific diseases. The necessary technology is available now to introduce the technique widely, provided that regulatory authorities can be convinced that it can be safely tested in humans. However, the fear is that dormant pig viruses buried in their DNA could be spread to humans. Another potential danger is that humanderived cells might pick up surface molecules from the pig. This could make the transferred cells themselves targets for immune destruction. The pigs might also produce too few human cells to fight disease.



69. We can understand from the passage that regulatory authorities ----.



B) is exactly the same as a pig’s C) functions at peak levels during childhood D) eventually declines to zero in old age E) consists of many copies of one kind of T-cell



71. According to the passage, the research team’s experiments demonstrated that ----. A) humans’ immune systems diminish in power after childhood B) immune cells that had been grown in pigs could fight HIV and cancer C) human T-cells need to be alongside pig immune cells to be fully functional D) piglets that were injected with human stem cells soon produced a variety of human T-cells E) pig foetuses could be made to produce human T-cells



72. The passage suggests that the implantation of pig-boosted T-cells back into the original human donor ----.



A) are concerned that using pigs to grow human immune cells might be harmful



A) has not been attempted yet by the researchers



B) should first convince the researchers to safely test the technique against specific diseases



B) was successful in restoring the person’s immune system to childhood levels



C) are responsible for protecting the health of baby pigs implanted with human cells



C) resulted in a new immune system for him or her that was capable of fighting specific diseases



D) are most afraid of the possibility of the pigs’ inability to produce enough human immune cells



D) was stopped by the researchers’ discovery of a dormant pig virus in the DNA



E) have been working closely with the researchers to ensure the experiments were done correctly



E) was refused by him or her out of fear of the possible dangers it might bring



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



33



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 74. The passage points out that the prevalence of eczema among children in America ----.



73. – 76. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) is related to their distress levels Asthma is a life-threatening, allergy-driven lung disease common in wealthy countries. But exactly what causes it is unknown. Researchers at Washington University believe the direct cause of asthma is a chemical distress signal produced in skin that is damaged by another hazard of modern life: eczema. Unlike asthma, it is not dangerous, so people rarely worry about it. Nevertheless, 17% of children in America have it, and similarly high figures are found in Australia, Britain, and New Zealand. What is particularly intriguing is that many people with eczema go on to develop asthma (in America, the figure is 70%). That compares with an asthma prevalence of 4-8% in the general population. The Washington University group theorizes that the link between the two conditions is formed by thymic stromal lympho-poietin (TSLP), a signalling molecule secreted by damaged skin cells that elicits a strong immune response from the body to fight off invaders. Thus, eczema-induced TSLP enters the bloodstream and, when it arrives at the lungs, sensitizes them so that they react to allergens that would not previously have bothered them. In other words, they become asthmatic. Several experiments carried out by the researchers, only on mice, have confirmed that skin damage creates susceptibility to asthma by releasing TSLP.



B) is much higher than it is in other Englishspeaking countries C) may be due to people’s failure to worry about it D) results from the abundance of TSLP in that country E) is much higher than that of asthma in the general population



75. According to the passage, Washington University researchers ----. A) have been harshly criticized by their colleagues around the world B) are strongly of the opinion that there is a link between eczema and asthma C) feel that they still have to carry out new experiments as regards asthma D) have already come up with a set of solutions to reduce the rate of eczema among American children E) have collaborated with their British, Australian and New Zealander colleagues to study eczema and asthma



73. It is clear from the passage that a causative relationship between skin damage and asthma ----.



76. It is clearly pointed out in the passage that asthma ----.



A) has been proven only in English-speaking countries



A) is most widespread in countries with prosperous populations



B) would mean that allergens would no longer play a role in asthma attacks



B) always causes serious damage in the lungs, which try to fight it off



C) has been established in mice but not yet in human beings



C) has only recently become a serious concern among researchers in English-speaking countries



D) means over-exposure to the sun may hurt the lungs



D) causes a great deal of TSLP secretion in the body, which leads to skin-allergy



E) does not provide immunity to sufferers of both conditions



E) is generally ignored among the people who are not wealthy enough to seek medical aid



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



34



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 78. We learn from the passage that critical care medicine ----.



77. – 80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) rests primarily on the underlying disciplines of physiology and pathophysiology



Patients are admitted to critical care units from a variety of settings, including the emergency department, medical or surgical service, or operating room. Most critical care patients are acutely and severely ill, commonly with dysfunction or failure of more than one organ system. The initial assessment must be rapid and focus on real or potentially lifethreatening processes that require immediate intervention. An example is the resuscitation of a patient with cardiopulmonary arrest. The pace of resuscitation is necessarily quick; physical examination may be restricted initially to the central nervous, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems, and interventions may be limited to the essential ABCs of airway, breathing, and circulation. Later, continuous electrocardiographic monitoring, measurement of blood pressure, and other standard procedures should start. In general, management of the critically ill patient should be based on an understanding of physiology and pathophysiology. Indeed, although the contributions of cell and molecular biology to critical care medicine are substantial, the critical care unit more resembles a physiology laboratory, since the effects of its interventions can be directly observed.



B) has received the greatest amount of support from emergency departments C) often must be based within an actual physiology laboratory D) revolves around the essential ABCs of airway, breathing, and circulation E) is necessarily concerned with the pace of resuscitation in cardiopulmonary arrest



79. According to the passage, standard procedures in a critical care unit ----. A) must be carried out as soon as a patient is admitted B) are primarily restricted to patients with cardiopulmonary arrest C) can begin only after the immediate initial assessment has been completed D) should never be limited even though the patient is receiving immediate intervention E) should be clearly defined before the patient’s case is fully specified



80. The passage states that critical care units ----. 77. The passage explains that initial assessment in the critical care unit ----.



A) only deal with patients having multi-organ dysfunction or failure



A) aims to resuscitate patients with cardiopulmonary arrest



B) specialize in resuscitating those with cardiopulmonary arrest



B) is only done for patients who are suffering from various diseases



C) take into consideration the principles of physiology when accepting patients



C) can itself become a life-threatening process if the ABCs are not limited D) must be immediate and centre on saving life



D) have benefited financially from cell and molecular biology institutions E) accept patients from several different areas within a hospital



E) determines the ultimate survival of patients suffering from heart disease



TEST BİTTİ. CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



35



ÜNİVERSİTELERARASI KURUL YABANCI DİL SINAVI (ÜDS) 4 EKİM 2009



İNGİLİZCE SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ TESTİ CEVAP ANAHTARI A KİTAPÇIĞI 1. C



21. A



41. C



61. A



2. E



22. E



42. E



62. E



3. B



23. C



43. A



63. D



4. D



24. D



44. D



64. E



5. A



25. E



45. E



65. B



6. B



26. D



46. B



66. C



7. E



27. A



47. C



67. B



8. C



28. C



48. D



68. E



9. D



29. A



49. E



69. A



10. A



30. E



50. A



70. C



11. E



31. D



51. C



71. E



12. D



32. A



52. D



72. A



13. C



33. B



53. A



73. C



14. B



34. A



54. B



74. E



15. D



35. C



55. E



75. B



16. B



36. A



56. C



76. A



17. E



37. D



57. A



77. D



18. A



38. B



58. B



78. A



19. B



39. D



59. E



79. C



20. C



40. E



60. D



80. E



A İNGİLİZCE SOSYAL BİLİMLER TESTİ 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 4. The pattern of world affairs is very complicated, and by no means everything that happens can be ---- to the influence of the super-powers.



1. – 18. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



A) attributed 1. Organized youth camps provide young people with not only different forms of outdoor ---- but also training in co-operation, initiative, and resourcefulness. A) sustenance



B) irresponsibility



C) permanence



D) relevance



B) entitled



D) sustained



C) declared



E) resolved



E) recreation



2. During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, there was a common view that elegant speech was a mark of social prestige in that it was ---- of having come from a good family.



5. Historically, the development of capitalism has ---- several phases, following the period of feudal organization of society.



A) possessive



B) perceptive



A) taken after



B) called in



C) indicative



D) inclusive



C) brought forward



D) gone through



E) extensive



E) turned down



3. Since many people are unaware of the miseries of poverty and hunger, it is ---- easy for them to feel contented.



6. Rice is by far China’s most important agricultural product and ---- over half the total cereal production.



A) painfully



B) barely



A) lets in



B) accounts for



C) violently



D) offensively



C) sets forth



D) falls through



E) usually



E) looks after



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



36



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 10. The finest achievement of Europe’s post-1945 leaders was their recognition that, unless Germany ---- into the evolving Western system, insecurity ---- across the continent.



7. Janet Malcolm, who is an admired photographer and ---- pictures since the early 1960s, generally ---- her summers photographing people and places in Africa. A) took / has been spending



A) has been integrated / had reigned



B) had been taking / will spend



B) had been integrated / has reigned



C) has been taking / spends



C) is integrated / reigned



D) takes / has spent



D) integrates / will reign



E) had taken / would spend



E) was integrated / would reign



8. Upon the completion next month of its renovation and expansion, the museum ---- its exhibition space and added an auditorium ---- for performances and lectures.



11. Our sense of self ---- by the roles and qualities that our peers and teachers ---- to us. A) was formed / have assigned



A) will have doubled / to be used



B) is formed / assign



B) doubled / to have used



C) is being formed / will be assigning



C) has doubled / to have been used



D) had been formed / assigned



D) doubles / being used



E) will have been formed / would assign



E) had doubled / to use



9. Without television cameras, the famine now ravaging Ethiopia ---- the attention of the well-fed world that ---- with offers of money and other forms of aid.



12. The Houston Caribbean Festival brings a feast ---music and colour ---- the streets of downtown Houston each year.



A) won’t have caught / will respond B) did not catch / responded C) will not catch / had responded D) would not have caught / has responded



A) on / by



B) at / over



C) of / to



D) above / off E) to / within



E) is not catching / is responding



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



37



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 16. Painters ---- diverse ---- Goya, Manet, and Picasso were inspired by Titian and other Renaissance painters.



13. Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, the highest mountain ---- Africa, rises 5,895 metres ---- sea level. A) over / at



B) across / into



A) as / as



B) both / and



C) at / through



D) below / to



C) not only / but also



D) so / that



E) such / as



E) in / above



17. It is generally thought that animals love us ---who or what we are.



14. It is assumed ---- an educational programme should emphasize the valid aspects of the cultural and historical past. A) whereby



B) since



D) that



C) as



B) no matter



C) provided that



D) because of



E) in case



E) for the sake of



15. The most rewarding aspect of taking photographs is to be able to immortalize on your film people’s hearts, smiles, and soul ---- you can always feel like you are a part of their world. A) while



A) so long as



B) as though D) whereas



18. If there is one thing that is more astonishing than the ability of the adult human to talk, it is the process ---- he learns to do it. A) whichever



C) so that



B) where



D) however



E) whenever



C) that



E) by which



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



38



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 24. – 35. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.



19. – 23. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. Despite the American people’s growing (19)---- to this policy, more than 100,000 US soldiers remain in Iraq, where they are (20)---- involved in training Iraqi forces to replace them. However, it is understood that they stand ready to intervene directly should the security situation again (21)----. Politically, Iraq is still a troubled country, with major rows among political parties on the one hand and tribal leaders on the other (all of whom are solely interested (22)---expanding their own power base) being a regular occurrence. In Anbar province, for example, the arguments between the sheikhs and other influential figures (23)---- are competing with one another for power and popularity often turn violent.



24. As families become more fragmented and dispersed, ----. A) children tend to turn more to other people for affection B) ties between mother and father get stronger C) traditionally, singleness is seen as a mark of immaturity D) working conditions for young people have improved a great deal E) the increasing rate of crime in big cities has always been a serious concern



19. A) approval



B) discrepancy



C) opposition



D) subversion E) failure



20. A) relatively



B) hardly



C) rarely



D) mainly E) scarcely



25. Because its habitat is threatened by climate change, ----. A) the elephants in Africa have dwindled considerably



21. A) increase



B) commence



C) extend



D) emerge



B) the survival chances of many species in the Amazon area are getting worse C) the polar bear has been the first to be granted protection under the Endangered Species Act



E) deteriorate



D) the Asian tiger’s black-striped yellow fur is very attractive



22. A) at



B) about D) in



E) there is a very profitable market for elephant tusks



C) for E) with



23. A) which



B) who D) when



C) where E) whom Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



39



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 28. ----, although most French people believe that this tradition has a much more recent history.



26. While children in their early years are learning about the world around them, ----.



A) Even France’s everyday wines are widely appreciated worldwide



A) they have always been warned by their parents B) he makes use of his previous experiences



B) Most of the great wines of France have long been produced in its southern regions



C) it is obvious that child care ought to be a priority D) there are some diseases that have no effective treatment



C) The range, quality, and reputation of the fine wines of Bordeaux have made them worldfamous



E) they often confuse the real with the imaginary



D) Each of the wine-producing regions in France has its own traditional identity E) Winemaking in France dates back to pre-Roman times



29. ----, until the Europeans began to settle there in the 18th century.



27. After Dali was expelled from art school in Madrid in 1926, ----.



A) Anthropologists believe that aboriginal people in Australia initially arrived from Asia



A) he had been much influenced by the earlier Spanish painters B) a number of paintings depict unusual landscapes



B) In Australia, various aboriginal tribes had inhabited the region now known as South Wales



C) especially mentally disturbed people had interested him enormously



C) Australia’s leading city, Sydney, has experienced alternating periods of growth and decline



D) he joined a group of painters who called themselves “surrealists”



D) Australia has always been inhabited by the aboriginal people



E) today his paintings still amaze but also entertain many people



E) Sydney is a modern cosmopolitan city that has a distinctive cultural identity



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



40



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 32. ----, others are more resistant to change and become dysfunctional and fail.



30. Sceptics often claim that reports of unidentified flying objects (UFOs) are examples of shared delusions, ----.



A) While most companies quickly adopt new information technologies and thus survive



A) since many people have seen them in recent years B) despite the fact that we never believed it



B) Because companies differ in their goals and the strategies designed to reach them



C) though that doesn’t discourage those who insist on having seen them



C) That most senior managers do not realize how fragile the ongoing viability of a company can be



D) now that what UFO enthusiasts say they have seen is taken seriously



D) Provided that the most flexible companies rapidly acquire new knowledge and apply it quickly



E) until a team of scientists examined some wreckage found in 1947



E) Unless the best companies meet the challenges that typically arise in the business environment



33. Taiwan’s pink dolphins have been listed as “critically endangered”, ----.



31. The traditional Middle Eastern diet, which relies heavily on lean meat, salads, vegetables, and fruit, is a healthy one, ----.



A) as soon as the extensive fieldwork on these creatures is started



A) even though it is often served in expensive restaurants



B) as if the work of scientists and conservationists marked a victory for them



B) just as one must pay close attention to one’s own health



C) if their losses could be halted and reversed



C) as long as you intend to share it with other people



D) when the effort to identify them along the western coast started in 2004



D) if one is careful enough to follow it in moderation and not to excess



E) since they face the threat of extinction



E) when more and more Europeans have travelled to the Gulf Area



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



41



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 34. ----, all mammals are known today to have some form of emotion.



36. – 38. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz.



A) Despite the fact that there are striking similarities between human beings and animals B) Although some scientists long maintained otherwise C) Because even birds delight us with their singing



36. This new collection of cosmetics has been scientifically developed to help correct the visible signs of aging, such as fine lines and wrinkles, enlarged pores, and skin imperfections. A) Bu yeni kozmetik serisi, ince çizgiler ve kırışıklar, genişlemiş gözenekler ve cilt bozuklukları gibi gözle görülür yaşlanma belirtilerini düzeltmeye yardımcı olmak için bilimsel olarak geliştirilmiştir.



D) Even if studies suggest that animal behaviour is instinctive E) If they know how different species communicate



B) Bu kozmetik serisi, ince çizgiler ve kırışıklar, genişlemiş gözenekler ve cilt bozuklukları gibi gözle görülür yaşlanma belirtilerini düzeltmeye yardımcı olmak için yeni geliştirilmiştir. C) Bu yeni kozmetik serisi, ince çizgiler ve kırışıklar, genişlemiş gözenekler ve cilt bozuklukları dahil her türlü yaşlanma belirtisini yok etmeye yardımcı olmak için geliştirilmiştir. D) Bu yeni kozmetik serisi, ince çizgiler ve kırışıklar, genişlemiş gözenekler ve cilt bozuklukları gibi gözle görülür yaşlanma belirtilerini bilimsel yollarla düzeltmeye yardımcı olmak için geliştirilmiştir. E) Bu yeni kozmetik serisinin bilimsel yollarla geliştirilmesinin amacı, ince çizgiler ve kırışıklar, genişlemiş gözenekler ve cilt bozuklukları gibi gözle görülür yaşlanma belirtilerini düzeltmeye yardımcı olmaktır.



35. Lethal injection replaced execution by hanging, the gas chamber, and the electric chair, ----. A) so some researchers have challenged the efficacy of the drug protocols underlying the practice B) in which three poisonous chemicals are administered to the condemned C) thus making this method far from foolproof D) each of which had at some point been judged to be inhumane and excessively violent E) but many US states soon adopted it as their only form of capital punishment



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



42



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 37. Logic suggests that having options allows people to select precisely what makes them happiest, but as studies show, excessive choice often makes for misery.



38. China’s one-child policy, enforced by the authorities through heavy fines, came into force in 1979 after a period of explosive population growth in the country.



A) Mantıksal olarak, çok sayıda seçeneğe sahip olmak insanları en mutlu eden şeydir; oysa çalışmalar çok fazla seçeneğimiz olduğunda genellikle kararsız kaldığımızı göstermektedir.



A) Yetkililerce ağır para cezaları koyularak dayatılan Çin’in tek çocuk politikası, ülkede aşırı ölçüde nüfus artışının yaşandığı bir dönemden sonra 1979’da yürürlüğe girmiştir.



B) Mantık, insanların kendilerini tam olarak en mutlu eden şeyi seçmelerini önerir; oysa çalışmaların da gösterdiği gibi, çok sayıdaki seçeneğimiz arasında bizi mutsuz edebilecek şeyler de vardır.



B) Çin’de yetkililerin uymayanlara ağır para cezaları öngördükleri tek çocuk uygulaması, ülkede patlama denilebilecek bir nüfus artışının yaşandığı 1979 yılından sonra güç kazanmıştır.



C) Mantık, seçeneklere sahip olmanın insanlara kendilerini tam anlamıyla en mutlu kılacak olanı seçme imkânı tanıdığını belirtir; ancak, çalışmaların da gösterdiği gibi, gereğinden fazla seçenek çoğu kez mutsuzluğa neden olmaktadır.



C) Çin’de yetkililerin 1979 yılında güç kullanarak ağır para cezaları karşılığında kabul ettirdikleri tek çocuk politikası, aşırı nüfus artışının yaşandığı bir dönemden sonra uygulamaya girmiştir.



D) İnsanların sunulan seçenekler arasından kendilerini tam olarak en mutlu edecek olanı seçmeleri mantık açısından da önerilir; ancak yapılan çalışmalara göre, genellikle gereğinden fazla seçeneğe sahip olmak insanlarda sıkıntıya yol açmaktadır. E) Çok sayıda seçenek genellikle kararsızlık yaratsa da, mantık yine de kendilerini en mutlu edecek olanı seçebilmeleri için insanların farklı seçeneklere sahip olmaları gerektiğini belirtir.



D) Çin’in 1979 yılında yaşanan aşırı nüfus artışından sonra uygulamaya koyduğu tek çocuk politikası, yetkililer tarafından ağır para cezaları sayesinde kabul ettirilmiştir. E) Ağır para cezaları konularak halka kabul ettirilen Çin’deki tek çocuk politikası, ülkenin yaşamış olduğu aşırı nüfus artışı döneminden sonra yetkililer tarafından 1979’da yürürlüğe konulmuştur.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



43



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 40. Medyadaki şiddet görüntülerini izlemenin daha sonra çocuklarda saldırgan davranışlara yol açtığını kesin biçimde ortaya koyamasalar da, aradaki bağlantıyı araştıran çalışmalar şiddet izlenmesi ile sonradan ortaya çıkan saldırganlık arasında dikkate değer bir ilişki kurmaktadırlar.



39. – 41. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz. 39. Dünyanın en eski ve en büyük çarşısı olan Kapalıçarşı, İstanbul’un fethinden hemen sonra Fatih Sultan Mehmet’in emriyle, Ayasofya’ya gelir sağlamak amacıyla inşa edilmiştir. A) The Grand Bazaar, which was built by Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror to provide income for St. Sophia right after the conquest of Istanbul, is one of the oldest and largest bazaars in the world. B) Being the oldest and the largest bazaar in the world, the Grand Bazaar was built soon after the conquest of Istanbul on Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror’s order to provide income for St. Sophia. C) Built upon Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror’s order to provide income for St. Sophia, the Grand Bazaar has been the oldest and the largest shopping area in the world since the conquest of Istanbul.



A) However significant the link between observation of violence and later aggression may be, correlational studies cannot claim that viewing media depictions of violence produces subsequent aggressive behaviours in children. B) No matter how clearly correlational studies establish a significant link between viewing media depictions of violence and subsequent aggressive behaviours in children, they still cannot demonstrate this unequivocally. C) Although correlational studies are unable to establish a significant link between observation of violence and later aggression, they can demonstrate unequivocally that viewing media depictions of violence produces subsequent aggressive behaviours in children. D) Despite their inability to demonstrate unequivocally that viewing media depictions of violence produces subsequent aggressive behaviours in children, correlational studies establish a significant link between observation of violence and later aggression.



D) The Grand Bazaar, which is the oldest and the largest bazaar in the world, was built after the conquest of Istanbul when Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror ordered that it should provide income for St. Sophia. E) It was soon after the conquest of Istanbul that Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror ordered that the Grand Bazaar, the oldest and the largest bazaar in the world, be built so that it could provide income for St. Sophia.



E) The fact that viewing media depictions of violence produces subsequent aggressive behaviours in children has been poorly supported by the correlational studies which have established a link between observation of violence and later aggression.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



44



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 41. İlk kez rıhtım bölgesinde çalışan Güney Carolinalı zenciler tarafından yapılan Çarliston dansı, George White tarafından Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nın hemen sonrasındaki yıllarda tanıtılmış ve 1920’lerin bir özelliği olmuştur.



42. – 46. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz. 42. The carpet is of eastern origin and in general can be said to differ from tapestry by the technique of its knotted weave. The refined technique and ornate geometrical patterns found on fragments discovered in eastern Turkestan, dating from the 5th and 6th centuries A.D., indicate a long evolution in the history of the carpet. ---- The Abbasid caliphs of Baghdad were also wellknown patrons of carpet manufacture: one made for Caliph Hashin early in the 8th century measured 100 yards by 50 yards. The most famous area of production was, however, northwestern Persia.



A) Launched by George White during the early years following the First World War, the Charleston had originally been danced by negro dockworkers in South Carolina before it became characteristic of the 1920s. B) The Charleston, danced by black dockworkers, originated in South Carolina and became the characteristic of the 1920s once George White introduced it soon after the First World War. C) The characteristic dance of the 1920s, the Charleston, was first introduced by South Carolina negro dockworkers and became wellknown only when George White taught it after the First World War.



A) The large carpets that decorate the mosque of Alaaddin date back to the 13th century. B) The earliest fragment of carpet still existing was found in Russia and is now in the Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg.



D) Although the Charleston was danced first by black people at the docks in South Carolina, it was not until George White introduced it that it became characteristic of the postwar era in the 1920s. E) The Charleston, first danced by the South Carolina negro population working in the dockland area, was launched by George White in the years immediately following the First World War, and it became characteristic of the 1920s.



C) A change in the composition and decoration of carpets was made in Persia at the end of the 15th century. D) During the Sassanid dynasty in Persia (in the 6th and 7th centuries A.D.), carpets of wool and silk pile were already in great demand. E) The carpet industry in Egypt must have been of great importance at the end of the Middle Ages.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



45



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 44. ---- In the argument, additional claims are made in support of the claim we are trying to persuade people to accept. But these additional claims may be challenged as well. Recognizing this, authors frequently anticipate the need to supply further support for their arguments.



43. Castes are known in several societies, but the best known and most rigid example developed in India. It may have grown in the first two millennia B.C., chiefly with the object of preserving the pale-skinned Aryan invaders from admixture with the darker-skinned, indigenous Dravidians. ---However, an increasing subdivision of castes was firmly established by the 5th century B.C., with strict rules of social conduct.



A) Recognizing that people generally require reasons to accept a controversial claim, we set forth an argument.



A) Since British society was divided by class, the British attempted to equate the Indian caste system to their own social class system.



B) Distractions make it hard, even for reasonable people, to reliably differentiate between reasonable and unreasonable courses of action.



B) In Hindu religious terms, the four main castes were of divine origin, having been born from different parts of Brahma.



C) We think of reason as the capacity to use disciplined intelligence to solve problems.



C) Caste rules have been considerably relaxed, especially in the last 40 years or so.



D) The word “argument” is ambiguous, for one of its senses is the dispute between two people.



D) The caste system was carried over into Indian Islam by those who converted to this faith.



E) There comes a point for most people where it is no longer possible to suspend judgment.



E) Distinctions were not particularly rigid in the early stages, and intermarriage was known.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



46



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 45. For advertisers, the most important classification of advertisements is by the type of consumer, and they spend huge amounts of money and effort in trying to divide up the public so that it can be more precisely targeted. This process entails endless discussions about whether the best divisions are those of lifestyle, socioeconomic class, personality type, or of something else altogether. Then there is the fact that certain products are more often bought by men than by women, by the rich, by a certain age group, and so on. ----



47. – 51. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz. 47. Mike: - Do you know that they are going to start rationing water?



A) The advertiser must anticipate a prospective customer’s preferences and persuade him to buy the product in question.



Cindy: - Yes. I happened to hear it on the news this morning. They said that the reservoir had dipped below half its capacity, and the volume of water entering the reservoir is the smallest in the last ten years. Mike: - It’s not surprising, actually, because we haven’t had as much rain as usual this year.



B) Advertising has become too widespread geographically and too multifaceted in terms of media for any study to be comprehensive. C) Nevertheless, the issue of defining an ad is closely linked to that of defining its categories. D) In other words, when an ad appears on a wall or even a shirt, it is not the substance of this environment that matters, but its social meaning. E) So a given advertising approach will have far more of an effect on one group than on another.



Cindy: - Well, if it could rain even a drop, my flowers would certainly come back. The soil has been baked so hard. Mike: - ---A) From now on, the best thing to do is to water your garden regularly every day. B) Forget it. It looks as if it’s going to get a lot worse before it gets better.



46. During the 1960s, although Tanzania had adopted Swahili as its national and official language, it was the medium of instruction only until high school, where it was replaced by English. ---Since then, Swahili has gradually been replacing English as the medium of instruction throughout all levels of the education system. A) British colonial education policies, like those of the Germans before them, were seen to be grounded in linguistic imperialism.



C) You know, even before the rationing announcement, they suddenly turned off the water yesterday without a warning. D) I don’t blame you. Why don’t you hire a gardener to help you? E) Just remember, I told you to pay the water bills on time.



B) Swahili also serves a symbolic function for the country, namely one of nationalism and unification. C) This situation lasted until an official change in policy was written into the country’s Third FiveYear Plan in 1976. D) However, the role of English was central to the shaping of Tanzanians’ cultural identities in colonial times. E) During the postcolonial 1950s and 1960s, many Third World societies concentrated on their socio-economic needs.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



47



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 49. John: - Each time we switch to Daylight Savings Time, I always forget to put the clock forward an hour.



48. Steve: - How are things going with you and your roommate?



Michael: - Me, too. I’ve always had problems with Springforward and Fall-back.



Bob: - ---Steve: - Then, why don’t you tell him that he should pay you for half of what you spend on food?



John: - I think adjusting ourselves twice a year is harmful to our long-term health, too.



Bob: - I would find that a bit hard to do, considering how he treats me to a good meal in a restaurant every weekend. A) He’s such a snob! He wasn’t like that before he got that new job.



Michael: - You know, with modern technology, we could slowly ease into Daylight Savings Time by digitally having clocks add a few seconds a day for three months in the spring and the reverse in the autumn.



B) Actually, I dislike the food he prepares, so I generally eat out.



John: - ----



C) We get along well, except for the times he practices playing the guitar and singing off-key.



A) Then the change would be imperceptible, provided all clocks moved in the same manner.



D) We’re supposed to share the grocery shopping, but he ends up eating everything I have put in the fridge without buying any of it himself.



B) I really love that first evening after Daylight Savings Time has taken effect. C) It is indeed busywork, and it has caused me to miss important things a couple of times.



E) I’ve got sick and tired of his nagging me all the time. If he refuses to mend his ways, I’ll ask him to move out.



D) My clock makes the changeover automatically, so I have no problem. E) What a great idea! But I don’t think it will do any good with the traffic situation, do you?



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



48



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 51. Joanne: - Hi, Tom! You look worried. What’s on your mind?



50. Ruth: - What do you think of global warming and humans’ alleged role in it? Larry: - Global warming is a problem that will largely have to be solved through energy conservation, but ---Ruth: - What do you really mean?



Tom: - I really need that job I’ve interviewed for, but I just found out that there are many younger applicants. I guess my chances are pretty slim now. Joanne: - I wouldn’t say that! You are older but highly qualified and experienced. I am sure you will get it!



Larry: - I mean it’s environmental hypocrisy!



Tom: - But I still think that any younger applicant has an advantage over me.



Ruth: - Hypocrisy? Larry: - Yes. These people preach clean energy, simple living, and use of mass transportation while doing none of these things themselves.



Joanne: - ---A) Those young guys may only be trying to get their foot in the door so they can move on to better positions later. Most employers know this.



A) people who care about children, born or unborn, should be aware of the lurking environmental dangers.



B) Anyway, face facts: you are eligible for retirement, and that field has moved on without you.



B) industrial agriculture has lowered the nutritional value of staple vegetable crops far below what it used to be. C) these high-profile environmentalists who talk and talk and do little else are worse than useless.



C) You’re right! One of the most difficult things an older jobseeker has to deal with is the younger competition. D) Having retirement income, you should start out at an entry-level salary, which should be satisfying for you.



D) people must take scientific facts into account when making important life choices. E) there may be no solution to the coming nightmare of world overpopulation.



E) Just use your common sense. Have you ever seen anyone over 40 doing that job? There’s a reason for that.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



49



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 52. – 56. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. 52. (I) Today’s young people in their teens and 20s, who have been dubbed “digital natives”, have never known a world without computers, the Internet, and cell phones. (II) Many of these natives rarely enter a library, but instead use Google, Yahoo, and other online search engines for information they need. (III) The neural networks in the brains of these digital natives differ dramatically from those of adults. (IV) Investigators have reported that most of technology exposure, such as watching television and videos or listening to music, is passive. (V) Basic neural networks in most adults are said to have been laid down during a time when direct social action was the norm. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



54. (I) Scientists hoping to show that Chopin died from cystic fibrosis, and not tuberculosis as is widely believed, have been refused permission to prove their theory with tests on the composer’s heart. (II) When researchers at Warsaw’s Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology asked for access to the heart, which has been preserved in alcohol since his death in 1849, the Polish government said, “No”. (III) When Poland emerged from under Soviet domination, the people were expecting a new era of accessible government to begin. (IV) Their goal was to demonstrate that this hereditary disorder need not be a barrier to achieving greatness. (V) But much to their disappointment, Chopin remains unavailable for scientific research, at least for the time being. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



E) V



55. (I) The practice of counting population is, in fact, a very old one. (II) An essential feature of a census is that the enumeration is direct and names each individual person. (III) The Roman census, which was designed primarily as the basis of the taxation system under which citizens were classified into six classes according to their property, also ascertained the number of men available to serve in the army. (IV) The census takers declared publicly the number of persons counted in Rome, and the proportion of orphans and widows. (V) In 5 B.C., the census was extended to the whole of the Roman Empire. A) I



53. (I) Various studies have indicated that people exhibit many behaviours in about the same order, even though they have experienced very different environments. (II) We may speak of learning to read as a process and of reading abilities as the products or end results. (III) Learning as a process is of primary importance in deciding the level of the materials of instruction. (IV) What an individual can learn is determined not only by his level of physical and mental maturation but also by what skills, attitudes, interests, tastes, and knowledge he has already developed. (V) If the height of an individual’s enjoyment in reading is Donald Duck, for example, it would be a mistake to begin with Lady of the Lake to advance his literary taste. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



56. (I) After the arrival of road and rail links, the commercial importance of Amsterdam’s 75 km of canals declined, although barges still ply the waters of the Amstel River. (II) Canals do, however, play a crucial role in the city’s tourist industry, as well as providing Amsterdammers with transport routes and a place to live. (III) In 1994, the city council passed laws aimed at reducing pleasure-boat traffic and imposing stricter rules on houseboats. (IV) A rapid increase in population in the latter half of the century caused a demand for housing in the city. (V) In spite of this, the canals can get very clogged in summer, and there are still around 2,500 houseboats officially moored within the city’s boundaries.



E) V



A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



50



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 58. According to the text, Adam Smith ----.



57. – 60. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) was very much under the influence of Hume



Scottish philosopher and historian David Hume emerged as an economist also with the publication of his Political Discourses. The famous Adam Smith was a friend of his and may have been influenced by Hume: they had similar principles, and both were very good at illustrating and supporting these from history. Although Hume did not formulate a complete system of economic theory, as did Smith in his Wealth of Nations, he introduced several of the new ideas around which the “classical economics” of the 18th century was built. His economic philosophy can be understood from his main arguments: that wealth consists not of money but of commodities; that the amount of money in circulation should be kept related to the amount of goods in the market; and that poor nations impoverish the rest because they do not produce enough to be able to take much part in trade. Beyond this, he urged society to welcome the shift from an agricultural to an industrial economy, without which civilization could not be achieved.



B) formulated a complete system of economic theory C) had ideas that conflicted with Hume’s D) was uncertain about Hume’s principles E) had a great effect on Hume



59. According to the text, Hume ----. A) was against the ideas on which the “classical economics” of the 18th century was based B) misunderstood the principles that his friend Adam Smith believed in C) was not the only one who excelled at illustrating and supporting his principles from the past D) argued that money in circulation had to be barely related to the amount of goods in the market E) stated that civilization required advances in both agricultural and industrial production



57. According to Hume, ----. 60. Hume’s belief was that poverty was mainly caused by ----.



A) rich nations should produce more to be able to feed their citizens



A) the amount of money in circulation



B) rich nations should provide financial help to poorer nations



B) the scarcity of produced goods



C) poor nations have a negative effect on richer nations



C) the abuse of poor nations by rich ones D) the lack of a complete economic theory



D) poverty can be overcome by increasing the production capacity of rich nations



E) Adam Smith’s poor grasp of economics



E) poor nations can take part in international trade only when rich nations are impoverished



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



51



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 62. We can infer from the passage that for many years ----.



61. – 64. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. The people of Hong Kong have been experiencing an identity crisis ever since the British returned the colony to China in 1997 and it became a Special Administrative Region with special privileges (for 50 years). Although they are proud of their Chinese ethnicity, culturally they have always felt overwhelmingly Western and therefore much different from their cousins on the mainland. Now they have a new worry: a growing threat to Hong Kong’s economic success. The Chinese government recently announced its plan to turn the city of Shanghai into a global financial and shipping centre by 2020, a move that is seen as weakening Hong Kong’s traditional and profitable position as international gateway to mainland China. Even worse, China’s friendlier relationship with former enemy Taiwan is already reducing transit commerce through Hong Kong. After an economic contraction of almost 8% earlier this year, Hong Kong is feeling real pain, and the jobless rate could approach record levels. So the normally hands-off local government has sprung into action: it has announced two rounds of tax cuts and various handouts to the poor and to businesses. In addition, the city’s long-term planners have recommended that Hong Kong’s government focus on developing six fields – including education, environmental-related industries, and medical technology – in which Hong Kong already has an edge.



A) Hong Kong has made a lot of money from others’ trading with China B) Hong Kong has been suffering from severe economic contraction C) the Chinese government has pressured the people of Hong Kong to give up their Western ways D) China and Taiwan have enjoyed friendly relations E) the Hong Kong government has given out money to the poor people of the city



63. The passage points out that Hong Kongers’ identity crisis ----. A) arises from their having lived under British colonialism in the past B) is related to their communications with their families on the mainland C) is closely linked with their city’s economic downturn D) has been made worse with the emergence of Shanghai as a future competitor E) did not exist before 1997



64. We learn from the passage that Hong Kong’s long-term planners ----.



61. According to the passage, the Hong Kong government ----. A) has been investing heavily in medical-technology companies B) views the government of Taiwan as its enemy



A) hope to give the city a natural advantage in education, environmental-related industries, and medical technology B) identified six economic areas deserving of government support



C) supports the plan to make Shanghai a global financial and shipping centre



C) advised the government to carry out two rounds of tax cuts



D) is planning to bring about a rise in the jobless rate in the city



D) are concerned about how to meet the challenge represented by Taiwan



E) usually does not interfere in the local economy



E) are planning to boost the city’s economy by 2020 in order to be equal to Shanghai



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



52



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 66. We can infer from the passage that obese people in the US ----.



65. – 68. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. On July 1, 2009, the US state of California began enforcing a new menu-labelling law that requires chain restaurants to post on their menus the calories contained in their food items. Three other states – Oregon, Maine, and Massachusetts – have already passed similar regulations, as have 11 city and county governments. The trend has gathered strength quickly, mostly because of concern about the nation’s expanding waistlines. The next step is to deploy the practice nationally, and the Congress is about to debate such a law. Pressure for this type of move is coming from the obese, who represent more than a third of American adults, and their defenders. Overweight people often struggle to estimate the number of calories they consume when eating out and make mistakes when calculating how much food they should order. Proponents of menu labelling hope that knowing what is in their food may direct people to healthier items. In Los Angeles, for example, officials optimistically predict that menu labelling could prevent nearly 40% of the annual weight gain there. However, the effect of menu labelling on dietary choices remains unclear, and the regulations are too new to produce much evidence. Furthermore, some critics of the trend believe the public-health benefits of the new legislation are irrelevant. For them, the new regulations are welcome as part of a consumer’s wide-ranging right to know.



A) want to control the number of calories they are ingesting in chain restaurants B) are under attack by other Americans C) eat most of their meals at chain restaurants D) have difficulty making mathematical calculations E) have their own special representatives in the US Congress



67. The passage informs us that menu-labelling laws ----. A) were passed in the other US states after California enforced its version of the law B) will all be cancelled when the US Congress passes a national requirement C) are a sign of the reaction to Americans’ getting fatter and fatter D) will result in the disappearance of obese Americans in the future E) forbid fat people to eat too much in chain restaurants



68. The passage points out that the proponents of menu labelling ----.



65. The passage indicates that the new menulabelling law in California has the potential to ----.



A) don’t really know if it will be successful



A) force chain restaurants there to offer less food to the public B) encourage the habit of overeating in the population at large



B) often have to defend the lifestyle choices of obese Americans C) are themselves regular customers of chain restaurants



C) persuade other states to consider passing similar laws affecting chain restaurants D) help people become more health-conscious



D) oppose the tendency of Los Angeles residents to gain weight every year E) believe much of the new law is irrelevant



E) reduce the population in that state by nearly half



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



53



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 70. As is pointed out in the passage, there is ----.



69. – 72. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) absolute indifference in the world towards Zimbabwe’s decision to dehorn its rhinos



Although an extension of the worldwide ban on ivory exports to discourage the illegal killing of African elephants has been greeted enthusiastically in many places, the rhinoceroses (rhinos) of southern and eastern Africa are still paying with their lives for their horns, which remain prized by the Chinese for their medicinal and aphrodisiac qualities, and by the Yemenis for making dagger handles. According to a group, called Traffic, that monitors the wildlife trade throughout the world, this illegal business is on the rise. Last month, the group called for stronger international cooperation along smuggling routes and for more secure management of legal horn stocks. For its part, Zimbabwe, where there are a lot of illegal killings, has taken a very radical decision: it says it will start dehorning its rhinos. Today only five species of rhino survive in Africa and Asia. In the past, especially in the 19th and 20th centuries, they were slaughtered on a large scale by white hunters. By the 1960s, fewer than 70,000 black rhinos were left in Africa, and, over the next two decades, illegal hunters wiped out 96% of them. But since 1995, thanks to vigorous conservation efforts, the number of black rhinos has gone up again, to around 3,700. The number of white rhinos has nearly doubled over the same period, to over 14,500.



B) a full international consensus on the ending of the wildlife trade in Zimbabwe C) widespread illegal killing of wild animals in Zimbabwe D) now wide support for a new policy of limited legal killing of African elephants E) today an ongoing fall in the number of African rhinos, especially in Zimbabwe



71. It is clear from the passage that the international prohibition of ivory exports ----. A) has been strongly opposed by the government of Zimbabwe B) has been totally ignored by the governments of China and Yemen C) has been in force throughout Africa since the early 1960s D) has completely prevented the illegal hunting of elephants in Africa and Asia E) will be continued, and this has been widely welcomed



72. According to the passage, in view of the growth of the illegal wildlife trade, the group Traffic ----.



69. As one learns from the passage, black rhinos in Africa ----.



A) is concentrating on shutting down the Chinese and Yemeni wildlife markets



A) are preferred by the Yemenis over white rhinos for making dagger handles B) are so much in demand for medical uses that the government of Zimbabwe is devoting more resources to conserving them C) were hunted almost to extinction in the past by Chinese doctors



B) has put a great deal of pressure on African countries, especially Zimbabwe, to begin dehorning their rhino populations C) has increased its involvement in the campaign to save African elephants from extinction D) is urging the international community to step up its efforts to stop the smuggling



D) were almost completely exterminated during the 1970s and 1980s as a result of illegal hunting



E) aims to have governments legalize what is now the illegal business of wildlife trade



E) and white rhinos in Asia are the only surviving species of rhinoceros in the world



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



54



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 74. The passage makes it clear that typical expectations about a country’s spending on child welfare ----.



73. – 76. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Many governments these days feel that the path to happiness for society as a whole lies through spending on the welfare of its youngest members: their health, education, and general well-being. A recent report from a leading international organization, the OECD, examined these efforts among its 30 member countries in order to learn if the aim was being achieved. Specifically, the researchers investigated 21 variables that were then grouped into six main categories. The results surprisingly showed that while some kinds of spending on children do work, many should be improved or scrapped. Also, total government spending per child was seen to vary considerably, as did outcomes, but the correlation between these was not strong. Moreover, the differences in spending levels among countries were not directly linked to their relative levels of prosperity. For example, rich Sweden is, as expected, kind to its children, but poorish Hungary turns out to be generous, too. Up-and-coming South Korea might be expected to be a bit reluctant to part with so much money, but the stinginess of Switzerland is totally unexpected. Children’s lobbies always want more funds, but the OECD report suggests that more money does not reliably yield better results. America has one of the highest levels of spending per child, and among the worst outcomes. In contrast, Australia spends less, with better outcomes.



A) often match the reality found by the researchers B) can easily turn out to be wrong C) are essentially the same for most of the OECD D) cannot be separated from its record in the six main categories E) do not take into consideration all the 21 variables studied by the researchers



75. According to the passage, the OECD carried out its investigation of child welfare in its members ----. A) to see if their stated goals were being reached B) because many governments believe that spending on child welfare leads to societal happiness C) in order to learn where government funds directed at child welfare were being wasted D) to prove that more spending on child welfare guarantees positive results E) despite the fact that a key correlation was weak



76. The passage mentions the case of Australia in order to demonstrate ----.



73. The passage points out that an OECD member country’s level of prosperity in relation to other members’ ----.



A) a contrast with other members of the OECD



A) will determine if its child-welfare programmes should be improved or scrapped



B) the resistance of some OECD members to the pressures coming from children’s lobbies



B) is associated with the constant efforts of children’s lobbies to obtain more funds



C) the similarities between it and America in terms of their child-welfare policies



C) generally convinces it to be more generous in providing for its children



D) the wisdom of the Swiss government’s decisions affecting child welfare in Switzerland



D) depends on its geographic location



E) how spending relatively less on child welfare doesn’t necessarily produce harmful results



E) was shown to have almost no connection to its amount of spending on child welfare



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



55



A 2009-ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 78. We learn from the passage that older CubanAmericans oppose Juanes’s concert because ----.



77. – 80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. He is young, dark, and handsome, with a beautiful light tenor voice, and he swept the Latin Grammy Awards in 2008. But should Juan Esteban Aristizabal, better known as Juanes, perform his songs at an upcoming “peace concert” in the Cuban capital, Havana? The debate over this Colombian rock star, who is based in the US city of Miami, has been raging on that city’s Spanish-language radio and television shows. Older Cuban-Americans, who left Cuba in the immediate aftermath of the 1959 revolution there, vehemently oppose the concert. They argue that it is just the latest attempt by the Cuban regime to manipulate public opinion. Traditionally, these older exiles have held all the political power in Miami. But younger ones are pushing back, especially when it comes to the arts. Beyond the overall Cuban-American community, the Juanes concert is seen as a potential great turning point in US-Cuban relations. A successful outcome could smooth the way for a further softening in American policy towards Cuba. Artists other than Juanes have attempted this kind of bridge-building with Cuba before; for example, left-leaning musicians like Bonnie Raitt and The Police appeared there in 1999, but they had an overtly political agenda. However, Juanes himself, who is widely admired for his humanitarian work in his native Colombia, denies having any thought of politics. “My only message is one of peace, of humanitarianism, and of tolerance,” he said recently.



A) they believe the Cuban government is using him for propaganda purposes B) Miami’s Spanish-language radio and television programs have been severely criticizing it C) they are disturbed by the younger CubanAmericans’ artistic choices D) they left Cuba soon after the 1959 revolution E) they never want to see a further softening in American policy towards Cuba



79. In the passage, it is clear that Juanes ----. A) wishes he were Cuban instead of Colombian B) claims to have no political purpose with his planned concert C) has a tense, hostile relationship with the CubanAmerican community in Miami D) is more concerned with his own career than with helping people in need E) was invited to perform in Havana because of the Latin Grammy Awards he had won earlier



80. We can infer from the passage that the overall Cuban-American community ----. A) loves pro-Cuban musical artists like Bonnie Raitt and The Police



77. The passage states that the relationship between the US and Cuban governments ----.



B) believes that Juanes is lying about his reasons for performing in Havana



A) depends on the approval of the older CubanAmerican exiles



C) is much more emotional about US-Cuban relations than the wider American public is



B) has been affected by the debate over Juanes taking place in Miami’s Spanish-language media



D) does not speak or understand English very well



C) will change now that younger Cuban-Americans are disagreeing with the older generation



E) has almost no interest in the arts



D) may become friendlier if the Juanes concert in Havana goes well



TEST BİTTİ.



E) was greatly improved by the appearance in Havana of Bonnie Raitt and The Police



CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



56



ÜNİVERSİTELERARASI KURUL YABANCI DİL SINAVI (ÜDS) 4 EKİM 2009



İNGİLİZCE SOSYAL BİLİMLER TESTİ CEVAP ANAHTARI A KİTAPÇIĞI 1. E



21. E



41. E



61. E



2. C



22. D



42. D



62. A



3. E



23. B



43. E



63. E



4. A



24. A



44. A



64. B



5. D



25. C



45. E



65. D



6. B



26. E



46. C



66. A



7. C



27. D



47. B



67. C



8. A



28. E



48. D



68. A



9. D



29. B



49. A



69. D



10. E



30. C



50. C



70. C



11. B



31. D



51. A



71. E



12. C



32. A



52. D



72. D



13. E



33. E



53. A



73. E



14. D



34. B



54. C



74. B



15. C



35. D



55. B



75. A



16. A



36. A



56. D



76. E



17. B



37. C



57. C



77. D



18. E



38. A



58. B



78. A



19. C



39. B



59. C



79. B



20. D



40. D



60. B



80. C



A İNGİLİZCE FEN BİLİMLERİ TESTİ 2009-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 5. A Japanese information technologies company has produced an amazing mirror that enables customers to ---- clothes that shops don’t have in stock.



1. – 18. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. 1. A team of scientists at the California Institute of Technology has developed a lensless microscope which is the size of a coin and can quickly and cheaply scan blood ---- for tumour cells and parasites. A) features



B) variations



C) maladies



D) samples



C) profound



D) bearable



C) try on



D) count on



6. The sun ---- electromagnetic radiation that ranges from infrared to ultraviolet.



2. For the past 40 years, the ---- view about the formation of our universe has been that it began about 14 billion years ago in a cosmic fireball known as the “Big Bang.” B) common



B) put out



E) draw out



E) assessments



A) complete



A) hold onto



A) throws into



B) gives off



C) breaks down



D) brings up E) makes up for



7. It is hoped that the construction of the world’s tallest residential building, the Chicago Spire, which ---- at the end of last year, ---- by late 2010.



E) vulnerable



A) was commenced / will have been completed B) commences / will complete



3. For those obsessed with punctuality, new-generation clocks, which tune into the nearest official time transmitter to keep time ----, have been developed. A) sensibly



B) accurately



C) adequately



D) irreversibly



C) has been commenced / would be completed D) has commenced / has been completed E) had commenced / is to be completed



E) inevitably



8. Humanity ---- an unusual period of food surplus since the Green Revolution ---- in the mid-1960s.



4. Studies of the negative effects of plastic on the human body show that the plastic products we use every day ---- with our hormone systems. A) restrict



B) associate



C) dismay



D) unite



A) enjoyed / was beginning B) was enjoying / had begun C) has enjoyed / began D) has been enjoying / has begun



E) interfere



E) is enjoying / would begin



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



1



A 2009-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 12. Today, spam mail constitutes more than 90 per cent ---- all e-mail traffic all ---- the world.



9. Scientists ---- the common cold as ---- by a family of over 200 viruses. A) were regarded / having been caused



A) with / through



B) to / across



B) are regarded / having caused



C) at / around



D) by / within E) of / over



C) regard / being caused D) have regarded / to have caused E) regarded / to have been caused



13. Some types of microscopic organisms, called hyperthermophilic bacteria, can survive ---extremely high temperatures, sometimes even ---100°C.



10. If Australian conservationists ---- an extensive preservation campaign back in the 1960s, the population of saltwater crocodiles of the north ---even less than the present number of 100. A) have not implemented / is



A) under / for



B) on / with



B) would not implement / would have been



C) in / by



D) at / above E) within / as



C) weren’t implementing / will have been D) weren’t implemented / will be E) had not implemented / would be



14. In less-developed parts of the world, there are few modern urban water networks, ---- the people living in these areas do not have access to safe drinking water.



11. Scientists are worried that the use of biofuels instead of fossil fuels ---- little to reduce carbon emissions, although this ---- a widespread assumption until quite recently.



A) so



A) does / will be



B) even if D) while



B) will do / was



C) because



E) though



C) had done / has been D) will have done / had been E) would have done / would be



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



2



A 2009-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 15. Every year, more than 15,000 scuba dives are performed off the coral reefs of Cayman Islands, ---- these sites can actually support only 5,000 dives per year without any damage to the reefs. A) since



B) but D) just as



19. – 23. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



C) if



Probably every literate person is familiar with the 2 famous relativity equation: E=mc . (19) ---- by Albert Einstein in 1905, this equation has been used by many scientists. In fact, it is (20) ---- formula in modern physics. (21) ---- no new theory has as yet invalidated this fundamental equation, though physicists are (22) ---- testing its validity by means of experiments. The latest one of (23) ---- experiments was conducted last year at the Institut LaueLangevin.



E) in case



16. What you say about the problem may be true in theory, ---- in practice it does not contribute to the solution of the problem. A) when



B) so that



C) although



D) for



19. A) To be formulated



B) To formulate



C) Formulating



D) Formulated



E) because



E) Having formulated



20.



17. Thanks to a newly developed battery-charging device called “the Chargepod,” we will no longer have to use different chargers ---- recharge different mobile gadgets, like cell phones and iPods. A) with reference to



B) due to



C) in order to



D) with regard to



A) more famous than



B) the most famous



C) most famous



D) more famous E) famous



21. A) However



B) Although



C) Nevertheless



D) Still



E) according to



E) Moreover



22.



18. Scientists recently completed the largest-ever astronomical survey of the sky, during ---- they retained images that are expected to help them understand the origins of galaxies. A) whose



B) that D) whom



A) effortlessly



B) continually



C) recklessly



D) fundamentally E) strongly



C) when 23.



E) which



A) most



B) any D) such



C) whose E) as such



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



3



A 2009-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 27. Whereas life forms in the world’s cold and icy lands are scarce, ----.



24. – 35. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.



A) the ice sheet of Antarctica contains about 30 million cubic kilometres of ice



24. Though wind power certainly has the advantage of being a clean source of energy, ----.



B) Antarctica supports only a few species of coldadapted land plants and animals



A) it was increasingly used in many countries with relatively stable weather patterns



C) marine life in the seas surrounding Antarctica is rich and diverse



B) it can hardly be a reliable one as weather conditions are so changeable



D) Antarctica is fifth in size among the world’s continents



C) many governments are investing in wind power projects in greater amounts



E) the geologic evolution of Antarctica has followed a course similar to those of the other southern continents



D) wind turbines are not too costly to produce E) changes in weather can be predicted, which makes it possible to take timely precautions



28. Home to more than 400 types of coral, over 1,500 fish species, and 200 types of birds, ----.



25. If the global desertification process continues at its current rate, ----. A) the effects of the environmental changes of the past few decades have been dramatic



A) they are known to constitute the fauna of the Great Barrier Reef of Australia



B) more than 60,000 square kilometres of productive land is being lost every year



B) climate change and environmental pollution pose a serious threat to the Great Barrier Reef



C) the world will lose much of its arable land to barren desert



C) the Australian government spends huge amounts of money on preserving the Great Barrier Reef



D) 26% of the Earth’s land surface is classified as severely degraded



D) oceanographers are still trying to map the currents in the Great Barrier Reef



E) reforestation programs are being initiated by governments in a number of countries



E) Australia’s Great Barrier Reef accommodates an astonishing diversity of life



26. ----, yet there are also rare penguin species that inhabit warmer regions of the Earth.



29. ----, but now scientists know that some cells in the eye can detect light even when the eyes are closed.



A) Most penguins are black on the back and white in front and seldom have any other colour



A) Until recently, little was known about why sleeping people feel alert in brightly-lit rooms



B) Most penguins are flightless birds that live in the cold waters of the Southern Hemisphere



B) Sleep has always been a mysterious state of mind for psychologists



C) Penguins live in crowded colonies with populations ranging from hundreds of thousands to several million



C) Hormonal imbalances are known to cause sleep disorders



D) In the 19th and 20th centuries, penguins were threatened by hunters and the penguin oil industry



D) Light travels faster than sound in both the atmosphere and in water



E) The features of the life cycle vary with the body size of the specific penguin species



E) The eye is a complex structure enabling the organism to visually perceive its surroundings



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



4



A 2009-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 33. For centuries, mapmakers noted that the Earth’s continents seemed to fit together like giant puzzle pieces, ----.



30. Swedish researchers have found that most white horses, which are actually born coloured, carry a mutation called “greying with age,” ----.



A) and they were able to discover new continents



A) despite the fact that their tendency to age more quickly is observable



B) because they are far from one another



B) as if the greying of these animals were similar to the greying of human hair



C) yet they explained in detail how continental movements occur



C) in case they are more prone to skin cancer than other horses



D) as if they had once been joined together E) for they believed that continents could not move



D) and this makes them rapidly turn grey and then completely white within eight years E) so that the changes in colour do not always indicate poor health



34. A laptop on board the International Space Station was infected last month with a virus that was later discovered to have been harmless, ----.



31. ----, it is believed that the effect is intensified artificially by the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere as a result of human activity. A) Although the greenhouse effect is a naturally occurring phenomenon



A) since cosmonauts did not know where the virus might have come from



B) Since the atmosphere includes different types of gases



B) if it had been quarantined instantly by the security software



C) Despite the fact that human activity is one of the causes of global warming



C) unless they lose important data because of it D) however, it was understood that cosmonauts had updated it recently



D) Even if the Earth’s climate changes due to the high rate of greenhouse gas emissions



E) nevertheless, cosmonauts updated their virus protection systems immediately



E) As the emission of carbon dioxide is partly related to the use of fossil fuels



32. Climate change commands the most attention as the major factor causing the disintegration of the Earth’s ice shelves, ----.



35. Weather patterns are notoriously complex, ----. A) since there are currently over 150 weather modification projects



A) since scientists are trying to find ways to control climate change



B) in place of which a broad range of instruments is used while studying them



B) still, the other causes of the breaking up of the ice should not be ignored



C) which is why they are so hard to predict



C) for global warming is the major cause of a variety of environmental problems



D) so that new methods of predicting sudden changes can be developed



D) in case the ecological balance of the planet has been disturbed by it



E) owing to the technological advances that have helped scientists to understand them



E) so climate change has been the result of a myriad of factors



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



5



A 2009-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 37. Human contamination of the atmosphere, which has been happening since mankind first began to use fire for heating and cooking, occurs in a variety of forms.



36. – 38. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz. 36. According to some experts, rebuilding efforts commenced in southwestern China following the May 12 earthquake could damage the pandas’ largest remaining natural habitat.



A) İnsanoğlu ateşi ısınmak ve yemek pişirmek için kullanmaya başladığından beri atmosferin kirlenmesi farklı şekillerde devam etmektedir. B) İnsanoğlunun ateşi ısınmak ve yemek pişirmek için kullanmaya başlamasından bu yana süregelen bir durum olan atmosferin insan tarafından kirletilmesi, farklı şekillerde gerçekleşir.



A) Bazı uzmanlar, pandaların geriye kalan en geniş doğal yaşam alanının 12 Mayıs’ta güneybatı Çin’de meydana gelen depremin ardından başlayan yeniden inşa çalışmalarının sonucunda zarar görmesinden endişe duymaktadır.



C) Atmosferin kirlenmesi, insanoğlunun ateşi ısınma ve yemek pişirme gibi farklı şekillerde kullanmasıyla başlamıştır.



B) Bazı uzmanlar, güneybatı Çin’de 12 Mayıs’ta meydana gelen depremin ardından başlatılan yeniden inşa çalışmalarının pandaların kalan en geniş doğal yaşam alanının zarar görmesine sebep olabileceğini düşünmektedir.



D) İnsanoğlu, ateşi ısınma ve yemek pişirme amacıyla kullanmaya başladığından beri atmosferi farklı şekillerde kirletmiştir.



C) Güneybatı Çin’de 12 Mayıs depreminden bu yana sürdürülen yeniden inşa çalışmalarını gözlemleyen bazı uzmanlar, pandaların kalan en geniş doğal yaşam alanlarının bu yüzden zarar görmesinden endişe etmektedir.



E) Atmosferin insan tarafından kirletilmesi, insanoğlunun ateşi ısınma ve yemek pişirme gibi farklı amaçlarla kullanmaya başlamasından bu yana çeşitli şekillerde süregelen bir durumdur.



D) Güneybatı Çin’i 12 Mayıs’ta vuran depremin ardından başlatılan yeniden inşa çalışmaları bazı uzmanlara göre, pandaların kalan en geniş doğal yaşam alanlarını yok edebilirdi. E) Bazı uzmanlara göre, güneybatı Çin’de 12 Mayıs depreminin ardından başlatılan yeniden inşa çalışmaları pandaların geriye kalan en geniş doğal yaşam alanına zarar verebilir.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



6



A 2009-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 38. A significant outcome of air pollution is the high cost of pollution cleanup and prevention, an example of which is the global effort to control emissions of CO2, a gas produced from the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal or oil, or of other organic materials like wood.



39. – 41. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz. 39. Her ne kadar 43 000 yıllık Neandertal fosillerinden elde edilen DNA örneklerinin modern insanlarınki ile aynı mutasyonlara sahip olduğu bulunmuş olsa da, bu atalarımızın konuşabildiği anlamına gelmemektedir.



A) Hava kirliliğinin önemli bir sonucu olan kirlilik giderme ve önlemenin yüksek maliyetini düşürmek için küresel çapta yapılan en önemli girişim, kömür ve petrol gibi fosil yakıtların veya odun gibi diğer organik maddelerin yanması sonucu ortaya çıkan CO2 salımının kontrolünü sağlamaya yönelik çabadır.



A) DNA samples from 43,000-year-old Neanderthal fossils are found to have had the same mutations as those of modern humans, but no one can claim that our ancestors could talk.



B) Kömür ve petrol gibi fosil yakıtların veya odun gibi diğer organik maddelerin yanması sonucu ortaya çıkan CO2 salımının kontrolüne yönelik küresel girişim, hava kirliliğinin önemli bir sonucu olan kirlilik giderme ve önlemenin yüksek maliyetini düşürmeye yöneliktir.



B) No matter how similar DNA samples from 43,000-year-old Neanderthal fossils and modern humans are in terms of mutations, this does not mean that our ancestors could talk. C) Despite mutational similarities between DNA samples from 43,000-year-old Neanderthal fossils and those of modern humans, our forefathers cannot be said to have had the ability to talk.



C) Hava kirliliğinin önemli bir sonucu kirlilik giderme ve önlemenin yüksek maliyetidir ki bunun örneklerinden biri kömür ve petrol gibi fosil yakıtların veya odun gibi diğer organik maddelerin yanması sonucu ortaya çıkan CO2 salımının kontrolüne yönelik küresel girişimdir.



D) Although DNA samples from 43,000-year-old Neanderthal fossils are found to have had the same mutations as those of modern humans, this does not mean that our forefathers were able to talk.



D) CO2 salımı kömür ve petrol gibi fosil yakıtların veya odun gibi diğer organik maddelerin yanması sonucu ortaya çıkmakta, bunun kontrolüne yönelik küresel girişim ise hava kirliliğinin önemli bir sonucu olan kirlilik giderme ve önlemenin yüksek maliyetini düşürmeye yönelik olarak yapılmaktadır.



E) While DNA samples from 43,000-year-old Neanderthal fossils suggest that they had the same mutations as those of modern humans, this is not an indication of their ability to talk.



E) Kirlilik giderme ve önlemenin yüksek maliyeti hava kirliliğinin en önemli sonucu olup, bunu düşürmeye yönelik en önemli küresel girişim kömür ve petrol gibi fosil yakıtların veya odun gibi diğer organik maddelerin yanması sonucu ortaya çıkan CO2 salımının kontrolünü sağlamaktır.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



7



A 2009-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 40. İnsan vücudundaki en sert madde olan diş minesi kayba uğradığında yenilenemez.



42. – 46. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz.



A) Tooth enamel, which is the hardest substance in the human body, cannot be replaced if lost.



42. In physics, a force is a push or pull on an object. There are four fundamental forces, three of which are involved in keeping stable atoms in one piece and determining how unstable atoms will decay. ----. The electromagnetic force keeps electrons attached to their atom; the strong force holds the protons and the neutrons together in the nucleus; and the weak force governs how atoms decay when they have too many protons or neutrons. The fourth fundamental force, gravity, only becomes apparent with objects much larger than subatomic particles.



B) If it is lost, tooth enamel cannot be replaced as it is the hardest substance in the human body. C) Tooth enamel, which cannot be replaced if lost, is the hardest substance in the human body. D) Tooth enamel is the hardest substance in the human body and it cannot be replaced if it is lost. E) In the human body, tooth enamel is the hardest substance and it cannot be replaced if it is lost.



A) These are the electromagnetic force, the strong force, and the weak force B) There is a fourth fundamental force, which scientists have not yet been able to identify C) Decay of unstable atoms is a phenomenon that has been discovered recently D) To describe in detail how atoms behave, scientists have developed the quantum theory E) Under certain conditions, unstable atoms are affected by other forces



41. Astronotlara daha rahat bir uçuş sağlamak için NASA’nın yeni nesil roketleri şok emicilere sahip olacak. 43. The Internet is a computer-based global information system. ----. Each of these networks may link tens, hundreds, or even thousands of computers, enabling them to share information with one another. The Internet, in this sense, has made it possible for people all over the world to communicate with one another effectively and inexpensively.



A) In NASA’s new-generation rockets, shock absorbers have ensured a more comfortable flight for the astronauts. B) NASA has used more shock absorbers in its new-generation rockets so as to provide astronauts with a comfortable flight. C) In order to ensure a more comfortable flight for the astronauts, NASA’s new-generation rockets will have shock absorbers.



A) It does not have a centralized distribution system as do radio and television



D) To ensure that astronauts have a comfortable flight, NASA will fit its new-generation rockets with shock absorbers.



B) It is composed of many interconnected computer networks C) It has become increasingly common, especially over the past two decades



E) In NASA’s new-generation rockets, shock absorbers have been used with the purpose of providing astronauts with a more comfortable flight.



D) Anyone who has access to the Internet can reach a vast source of information E) Many individuals use the Internet for communication and research



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



8



A 2009-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 46. Weather forecasting involves predicting how the present state of the atmosphere will change. Present weather conditions are obtained by ground observations, observations from sea and aircraft, Doppler radars, and satellites. ----. These charts, maps, and graphs are then sent electronically to forecast offices, where local and regional weather forecasts are made. In addition, these offices prepare weather advisories and warnings of severe weather.



44. Astronomy is the study of the universe and the celestial bodies, gas, and dust within it. Astronomy includes observations and theories about the solar system, the stars, the galaxies, and the general structure of space. People who study astronomy are called astronomers. ----. These methods usually involve ideas related to the laws of physics, so most astronomers are, at the same time, astrophysicists. A) A wide range of astronomical objects are accessible to astronomers



A) Electronically transmitted observations are generally used instead of charts, maps, and graphs



B) Astronomy is the oldest science, dating back thousands of years



B) Forecast offices send charts, maps, and graphs to satellites and other sources of information



C) Using a variety of equipment, they analyze the objects in the sky D) They use a wide variety of methods while performing their research



C) This information is sent to meteorological centres, where data are collected, analyzed, and made into charts, maps, and graphs



E) The astronomers’ field of study is distinct from that of the astrophysicists



D) Such equipment is controlled electronically by charts, maps, and graphs in forecast offices E) Weather advisories and warnings of severe weather help meteorologists to prepare charts, maps, and graphs



45. Geneticists seek to understand how the information encoded in genes is used and controlled by cells, and how the smallest differences in genes can disrupt an organism’s development. Increasingly, modern genetics involves genetic engineering, a technique used by scientists to manipulate genes. Genetic engineering has led to many advances in medicine and industry. ----. A) Nevertheless, there has been less misconduct than was once predicted B) For instance, there are controversies over the possible unethical use of this technique C) In fact, much of the controversy over the use of genetic engineering has nothing to do with recreating life D) As a result, there has been much unethical use of genetic engineering E) However, the potential for abuse of this technique has also provoked many ethical and legal controversies



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



9



A 2009-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 49. Peter : - Are you still using the old version of your Internet browser?



47. – 51. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz. 47. Jerry : - Have you heard that South Korean scientists recently cloned a pit bull terrier for its American owner?



Susan : - Yes, and I’m quite happy with it. Peter : - ----



Sarah : - Yes, and the owner paid $25,000 for five genetically identical copies.



Susan : - Oh, I didn’t know about that. I’ll take your advice, for I really don’t want to be hacked.



Jerry : - ----



A) Do you know the cost of updating your browser?



Sarah : - Never, even if it were for free!



C) When was the last time you updated that browser?



A) Would you be willing to pay that much money for cloned copies of your pet?



D) You should have had your computer upgraded a long time ago; then you wouldn’t have lost all your important data.



B) I’ve been attacked by hackers myself!



B) Have you ever seen a cloned animal? C) Would you consider having your cat cloned, if you had the chance?



E) You should use the new version, which was developed after a major security vulnerability was discovered in the old one.



D) Have you ever thought about the ethical implications of cloning animals? E) Do you regard the cloning of animals for research purposes as acceptable?



48. Harry : - The government may soon be able to access everyone’s phone calls and e-mails. Sally : - ---Harry : - Yes, and that is the main concern about it. But the purpose of the proposed regulation is to counteract terrorism. Sally : - Still, officials should make sure that civil liberties are not infringed. A) It could be an effective way of preventing terrorism. B) Wouldn’t that be a violation of privacy? C) Has the government approved of the proposed regulation? D) Are you concerned about its implications? E) Would you want your communications to be accessed by the government? Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



10



A 2009-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 51. Sharon : - I need a memory card that is compatible with my laptop.



50. Brenda : - I want to buy a good telescope for my son. Do you have any suggestions? Shop Assistant : - You should check out this new amateur device. It is handheld, so there is no need for a tripod, it is easy to use, and it is quite inexpensive. Brenda : - ----



Shop Assistant : - ---Sharon : - I think two gigabytes will be enough to store all my files. Shop Assistant : - Then I suggest this one. It has the memory volume you want, and it is quite user-friendly.



Shop Assistant : - Then you should be prepared to spend a little more.



A) Do you have enough money for a two-gigabyte card?



A) But he already has something amateurish. I want to get him something more sophisticated.



B) What is the operating system on your laptop?



B) The price tag on it confirms that.



C) How much memory capacity do you need?



C) I want my son to decide which to get.



D) Where do you store your files?



D) I heard that not all expensive telescopes are necessarily good in performance and quality.



E) What do you think about this memory card?



E) I can’t afford to get a professional instrument, and this handheld one seems quite convenient.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



11



A 2009-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 52. – 56. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. 52. (I) Volcanic eruptions in populated regions are a significant threat to people, property, and agriculture. (II) Most volcanoes have steep sides, but some can be gently sloping mountains or even flat tablelands, plateaus, or plains. (III) The volcanoes above sea level are the best known, but the vast majority of the world's volcanoes lie beneath the sea, formed along the global oceanic ridge systems. (IV) More than 1,500 above-sea volcanoes have been active during the past 10,000 years, 539 of them erupting one or more times in recorded history. (V) On average, 50 to 60 above-sea volcanoes worldwide are active in any given year; about half of these are continuations of eruptions from previous years, and the rest are new. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



54. (I) Any given place may have several different ecosystems that vary in size and complexity. (II) Humans benefit from these smoothly-functioning ecosystems in many ways. (III) A tropical island, for example, may have a rain forest ecosystem that covers hundreds of square miles, a swamp ecosystem along the coast, and an underwater coral reef ecosystem. (IV) No matter how the size or complexity of an ecosystem is characterized, all ecosystems exhibit a constant exchange of matter and energy between the living and non-living elements. (V) This constant exchange between these elements makes ecosystems highly interconnected. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



E) V



53. (I) We benefit from the results of mathematical research every day. (II) The fibre-optic network carrying our telephone conversations, for example, was designed with the help of mathematical research. (III) Our computers are the result of millions of hours of mathematical analysis. (IV) Mathematics is a basic component of the primary and secondary education curricula. (V) Weather prediction, the design of fuel-efficient automobiles and airplanes, traffic control, and medical imaging all depend upon mathematical analysis. A) I



55. (I) Photosynthesis is a very complex process that plant biologists divide into two stages. (II) In the first stage, the light-dependent reaction, the chloroplast traps light energy and converts it into chemical energy. (III) In the second stage, called the lightindependent reaction, glucose is formed and synthesized. (IV) These two stages reflect the literal meaning of the term photosynthesis, to build with light. (V) Most plants, therefore, produce more glucose than they use during photosynthesis.



56. (I) There are two main categories of polluting materials, or pollutants. (II) Biodegradable pollutants are materials, such as sewage, that rapidly decompose by natural processes. (III) Pollution has a dramatic effect on natural resources. (IV) These pollutants become a problem when added to the environment faster than they can decompose. (V) Nondegradable pollutants are materials that either do not decompose or decompose slowly in the natural environment, and when these pollutants contaminate the environment, it is difficult or impossible to remove them. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



E) V



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



12



A 2009-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 59. It can be inferred from the passage that ----.



57. – 60. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) the flexibility and efficiency of AI has matched and even surpassed that of humans



Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the ability of a digital computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings. The term is frequently applied to the project of developing systems endowed with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason, discover meaning, generalize, or learn from past experience. Since the development of the digital computer in the 1940s, it has been demonstrated that computers can be programmed to perform very complex tasks, such as discovering proofs for mathematical theorems or playing chess, with great proficiency. Still, although there are continuing advances in computer-processing speed and memory capacity, there are as yet no programs that can match human flexibility over wider domains or in tasks requiring much everyday knowledge. On the other hand, some extraordinary programs have attained performance levels beyond those of human experts and professionals engaged in certain specific tasks. AI, in this limited sense, is used efficiently and found in applications as diverse as medical diagnosis, computer search engines, and voice or handwriting recognition.



B) developing a system that has human-like features will obviously remain an impossibility C) humans are still better than computers in such tasks as proving mathematical theorems D) despite the continuing advances, computer technology cannot be used efficiently in fields such as voice or handwriting recognition E) although a lot has been achieved, AI is as yet in its infancy particularly when there is a need for everyday knowledge



60. According to the passage, some outstanding AI applications ----. A) are fully-developed in terms of processing speed and memory capacity



57. It can be understood from the passage that some programs equipped with AI ----.



B) are not as efficient as desired in a number of fields, including medical diagnosis



A) perform certain tasks much better than humans



C) are soon to be employed in the development of new and diverse systems that reach beyond human flexibility



B) have very limited memory capacity C) successfully make use of much everyday knowledge



D) have surpassed the performance levels of human experts



D) have far more flexibility than is found in human beings



E) are still at the stage of safety testing before they can be used in such fields as medicine and computer sciences



E) are very limited in scope



58. According to the passage, AI ----. A) matches human flexibility over domains wider than ever before B) is a term used to refer to certain human-like features associated with intelligence in manmade machines C) refers to tasks associated with such intelligent beings as humans D) is used to describe humans’ ability to reason, discover meaning, generalize, or learn from past experience E) has caused a decline in the overall performance of humans with difficult tasks Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



13



A 2009-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 63. It can be understood from the passage that ----.



61. – 64. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) parasitic life forms cannot survive in open sea



According to a recent study by the University of Alberta, parasitic sea lice are killing a population of young wild pink salmon along Canada’s west coast in alarming numbers. The authors of the study say that the entire wild population may be gone within eight years. With their protective scales, adult salmon can safely harbour the lice, but young salmon do not yet have the protective scales, leaving them prone to deep, infection-prone wounds left by the lice. Juveniles live in coastal waters, which are normally far from parasite-carrying adults living farther out to sea. Now, however, aqua farms are often located in these same waters, destroying the young salmon’s safe haven. Scientists argue that fish farms must be relocated or reduced, but so far, no government regulations have been launched to this end.



B) the left side of the young pink salmon is more prone to infection C) adult pink salmon start to lose their scales after eight years D) wild pink salmon are used to cleanse the water of sea lice E) aqua farms are a threat to the young pink salmon



61. According to the passage, adult pink salmon ----. 64. The young pink salmon ----.



A) live in harbours and coastal waters



A) destroy the safe haven of other types of salmon



B) often carry parasites, but are not affected by them



B) are bred in aqua farms



C) suffer greatly from infections caused by sea lice



C) live closer to the coast than do the adults



D) protect their young from parasites with their scales



D) have recently been relocated for safety E) are a type of fish protected by law



E) become more prone to infection as they grow bigger



62. The researchers at the University of Alberta believe that ----. A) pink salmon may not be able to find lice to feed on within eight years B) Canada’s west coast has not been protected well for eight years C) the wild pink salmon population could disappear within eight years D) the rate of increase of the pink salmon population is alarming E) it takes about eight years for the pink salmon to grow into adults



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



14



A 2009-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 66. It is clear from the passage that ----.



65. – 68. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) the idea of engineering seems disappointing to most college students



Much has been said and written about the declining numbers of and disappointing lack of diversity among college students majoring in engineering. Among the factors cited to explain this paucity are the lack of exposure of high school students to the very idea of engineering and the fact that many have insufficient mathematics and science background to gain entrance to engineering school, even if they identify the profession as a possible career. This is unfortunate, for the ideas of engineering should be integrated into the curricula not only of high schools but also of middle and primary schools. By not being exposed properly throughout their education to engineering activities, children are being done a disservice. After all, even preschool children have the necessary conditions in their play for appreciating exactly what engineering is: design. Indeed, design is practised throughout their school day, even in their before- and after-school activities. It only should be pointed out to them that they are designing something, and, therefore, are future engineers in the making.



B) most schoolchildren do not enjoy the learning activities provided at school C) the factors causing the decline in interest in engineering are insufficient D) children are not aware that they are actually designing things E) engineering students do not write much about how they feel about their field



67. The author explains the decrease in the number of engineering students in colleges by calling attention to ----. A) the diversity among college students majoring in engineering B) the insufficient mathematics and science backgrounds of many college candidates C) the importance of gaining entrance to engineering schools D) the enthusiasm for integrating ideas of engineering into the curricula



65. The writer believes that ----. A) it is unfair to children not to familiarize them with engineering



E) the identification of engineering as a possible career for college-bound youth



B) not all children should participate in engineering activities C) it is inappropriate to include engineering in the curricula of middle and primary schools



68. It can be understood from the text that ----.



D) integrating engineering into the curricula is unfortunate



A) most children are naturally drawn to activities related to design



E) involving children in engineering activities is a disservice to them



B) a school day is not long enough to get children to practice what they learn C) the ability to design is a rare skill among preschool and schoolchildren D) it is too early to include engineering activities in primary and middle schools E) only specially-talented children are exposed to actual engineering activities



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



15



A 2009-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 70. It can be understood from the passage that permanent magnets ----.



69. – 72. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) have magnetic fields that can be varied as needed



The magnets that are used most commonly, such as the ones on compasses, those used for fridge decorations, and in many other everyday tools, are called permanent magnets. This type of magnet produces an external magnetic field that attracts or repels iron, and it may lose its strength when mistreated. Inside a magnet are groups of atoms called domains. The magnetizing process, which exposes a material to increasingly strong magnetic fields, aligns these domains in a single direction, where they become locked in a crystalline structure. High heat, radiation, strong electrical currents, or other nearby magnets, though, can damage that structure, nudging the domains out of alignment and diminishing the attractive force. Electromagnets, or non-permanent magnets, a less familiar type, have magnetic fields that rely on an electric current. They, thus, do not lose their strength; instead, the strength of the field can be varied as needed. This makes them appropriate for various applications, such as telephone receivers.



B) are not suitable for use in our ordinary, everyday lives C) perform better when exposed to radiation or high temperatures D) form domains when they are found in groups E) may, in certain circumstances, become weakened



71. According to the passage, electromagnets ----. A) have magnetic fields that function in accord with an electric current B) are more commonly found than permanent magnets C) lose their strength when their domains are nudged out of alignment D) may damage the structure of such instruments as telephone receivers



69. Non-permanent magnets are appropriate for a variety of applications ----.



E) have domains that are usually out of alignment



A) even if they rely on an electric current B) although they lose their strength when exposed to high heat or electric current C) because the strength of their magnetic fields can be varied D) excluding communication devices



72. It can be understood from the passage that domains in permanent magnets ----.



E) and, indeed, are far more versatile than are permanent magnets



A) become stronger in higher levels of heat or radiation B) cannot produce a magnetic field when they are locked in a crystalline structure C) align the magnetic fields in a single direction D) are what give these magnets their attractive force E) cannot be altered by outward circumstances



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



16



A 2009-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 74. According to the passage, scientists have, for years, used acid catalysts to ----.



73. – 76. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) get rid of impurities in plastics Glucose, nature’s most abundant sugar, may soon be petroleum’s fiercest rival. Chemists have long searched for cheap, renewable, and non-polluting alternatives to the 245 million tonnes of petroleumbased plastics produced annually. For years, they have been able to convert sugars into the chemical hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), which can be used to make plastic. But the process, which used acid catalysts to break the sugars down, was costly and complicated by impurities and low yields. Researchers at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNLL) in Washington replaced the acid catalyst with a metal catalyst, chromium chloride, and used it to break down glucose, a sugar found in plant starches and cellulose. The result: HMF yields increased 10 to 70 percent over the old processes and impurities were eliminated. The next step to replacing petroleum is to find a low-impact renewable source for the glucose. Scientists hope to soon obtain glucose from cellulose rather than from plant starches. Cellulose is found in straw and sawdust, two waste products from the agricultural and wood industries that do not require precious farmland to be taken away from food crops.



B) convert sugar into HMF C) increase yields D) extract cellulose from plants E) make plastics from petroleum



75. We can understand from the passage that the use of metal catalysts ----. A) caused a decline in yield, and an increase in cost B) is more expensive than using acid catalysts C) is a more efficient way of breaking down glucose than is the use of acid catalysts D) resulted in impurities in plastics E) involves the use of HMF



73. It can be understood from the passage that cellulose ----. 76. The passage mainly deals with ----.



A) requires an extensive use of farmland



A) a new and efficient way of producing plastic from petroleum



B) is generally extracted from plant starches C) can be derived from any kind of agricultural waste product



B) different types of catalysts used in the production of plastics



D) is not the first choice of the researchers at PNLL



C) the environmental advantages of using plastics made from glucose



E) is a more environmentally friendly option than are plant starches



D) ways of increasing yield in the production of plastics E) a new alternative to petroleum in plastic production



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



17



A 2009-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 78. According to the passage, one misconception about underground fires is that they ----.



77. – 80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) are not common Contrary to popular belief, underground fires are a surprisingly frequent phenomenon, the fuel being coal and the fire travelling along the seams, or the thin layers of rock or mineral. Such fires travel slowly due to the limited supply of oxygen, but can burn for a very long time: the underground fire at Burning Mountain Nature Reserve in Australia is thought to have been continuing for the past 5,500 years. The number of such subterranean fires worldwide is countless. According to one study, subterranean fires in China alone are consuming some 200 million tonnes of coal a year and pumping into the air as many pollutants as all the cars in the United States. Along with numerous human-related factors, such fires are also contributing substantially to global warming.



B) don’t last for a very long time C) don’t have a limited supply of oxygen D) travel fast E) contradict the laws of nature



79. Underground fires in China ----. A) release about 200 tonnes of pollutants into the air every year B) cause as much air pollution as do all the vehicles in the United States C) have been burning for more than five millennia D) consume as much energy as do all the cars in the United States E) are most frequently the result of industrial activity



77. It can be understood from the passage that underground fires ----. A) are a direct result of human activities B) are a rare phenomenon that is observed solely in Australia and China C) play an important role in the process of global warming



80. According to the passage, the limited supply of oxygen underground ----. A) travels along the thin layers of rock or mineral



D) could contribute to efforts to prevent climate change resulting from global warming



B) is a very frequent phenomenon in Australia and China



E) have not been witnessed for the past 5,500 years



C) prevents underground fires from burning for any length of time D) slows down the speed at which underground fires travel E) has been contributing to global warming for the past 5,500 years



TEST BİTTİ. CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



18



ÜNİVERSİTELERARASI KURUL YABANCI DİL SINAVI (ÜDS) 22 MART 2009



İNGİLİZCE FEN BİLİMLERİ TESTİ CEVAP ANAHTARI A KİTAPÇIĞI



1. D



21. E



41. C



61. B



2. B



22. B



42. A



62. C



3. B



23. D



43. B



63. E



4. E



24. B



44. D



64. C



5. C



25. C



45. E



65. A



6. B



26. B



46. C



66. D



7. A



27. C



47. C



67. B



8. C



28. E



48. B



68. A



9. C



29. A



49. E



69. C



10. E



30. D



50. A



70. E



11. B



31. A



51. C



71. A



12. E



32. B



52. A



72. D



13. D



33. D



53. D



73. E



14. A



34. E



54. B



74. B



15. B



35. C



55. E



75. C



16. C



36. E



56. C



76. E



17. C



37. B



57. A



77. C



18. E



38. C



58. B



78. A



19. D



39. D



59. E



79. B



20. B



40. A



60. D



80. D



A İNGİLİZCE SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ TESTİ 2009-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 5. Artificial sweeteners permit people to ---- their sugar and energy intake, yet still enjoy the delicious sweet tastes of their favourite foods and beverages.



1. – 18. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



A) get over



1. The study of the genetic causes of mental disorders involves the statistical analysis of the frequency of a particular disorder’s ---- among individuals who share related genes, such as siblings and twins. A) occurrence



B) falsehood



C) disturbance



D) ignorance



D) put into



A) give in



2. Most experts agree that developing a 100% safe method of contraception is as ---- as producing a car design that is guaranteed to have no defects. B) useful



C) loyal



D) respective



C) lose out



E) use up



6. Some studies have suggested that women who take more than a year to conceive, even those who ---- having babies naturally have a greater than normal risk of giving birth prematurely or needing a caesarean section.



E) negligence



A) autonomous



B) keep down



B) make out D) end up



C) put off



E) keep off



7. During the past 40 years, research ---- to support the hypothesis that physical activity ---- with both cardiovascular health and improved psychological functioning.



E) unlikely



A) is accumulating / has been associated 3. If the Achilles tendon, which is the thickest and most powerful tendon in the body, is cut, the use of that leg for running or jumping is lost ----; it can no longer perform these actions.



B) accumulates / will be associated C) accumulated / had been associated



A) permanently



B) fairly



D) has been accumulating / would be associated



C) scarcely



D) initially



E) has accumulated / is associated



E) partially



8. On long space flights, astronauts’ bones ----, much as if they ---- from osteoporosis, at a rate of 1-2% per month.



4. Genetic techniques are used in medicine to ---and treat inherited human disorders; for example, knowledge of a family history of cancer may indicate a hereditary tendency to develop this affliction and help to find the right cure. A) communicate



B) remedy



C) diagnose



D) contract



A) thin / were suffering B) will thin / suffer C) are thinning / have suffered D) will have thinned / would have suffered



E) induce



E) have thinned / will suffer Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



19



A 2009-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 9. When governments finally ---- measures to control the spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in March 2003, the infection ---more than 580 lives in 29 countries. A) had taken / has already cost B) had taken / were already costing



12. Scientists estimate that an individual bone has a one ---- three per cent lifetime risk of fracture, based on data ---- a variety of species. A) by / of



B) for / on



C) to / from



D) from / over E) of / about



C) were taking / are already costing D) took / had already cost E) were taken / already cost



10. If the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) ---- all animal and animal product imports from high-risk areas in 2001, the US ---- the same consequences of foot-and-mouth disease as the UK did that year.



13. The great majority of osteoporotic hip fractures in the US occur in adults ---- 50 and result from minimal ---- moderate trauma, usually a fall from standing height or less.



A) didn’t ban / would suffer



A) of / between



B) at / through



B) had not banned / would have suffered



C) towards / up to



D) over / to



E) by / out of



C) weren’t banned / would have been suffered D) hadn’t been banned / suffered E) shouldn’t have banned / hadn’t suffered



14. A survey of 1,449 Finns found that married people and people living with a partner were 50% less likely to develop dementia in later life, ---single or divorced people had three times the risk.



11. Free radicals ---- the by-products of certain metabolic functions like eating and breathing, and they ---- to accelerate the aging process. A) are / are known



A) instead



B) are being / know



B) otherwise D) since



C) were / knew



C) even if



E) whereas



D) have been / are knowing E) would be / had known



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



20



A 2009-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 15. ---- certain lifestyle changes can result in weight loss for some, many obese patients need more efficacious interventions for weight reduction. A) Because



B) Although



C) When



D) If



19. – 23. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. Hans Eysenck was one of the most controversial and prolific psychologists (19) ---- the twentieth century. (20) ---- in Germany, he went to live in Britain in the 1930s. At the time of his death in 1997, he was one of the most (21) ---- researchers in psychology, with hundreds of references made to his work. Eysenck (22) ---- the notion that there was a biological basis for personality. (23) ---- his work on the biological basis has been frequently criticized, it has also been increasingly validated by research.



E) As long as



19. A) of



16. ---- doctors advise their patients to eat well and exercise for their health, they should be telling them to sleep well. A) Even



B) Because



C) Just as



D) Although



B) to D) on



C) at E) among



20. A) Bearing



E) As if



B) To have been born C) Having born D) Born E) To be born



21.



17. ---- are moods more under the spotlight than in our most intimate relationships. A) No sooner



B) Neither



C) Not only



D) Not once



A) cited



B) enforced D) perceived



E) Nowhere



C) collected



E) explained



22. A) set upon



B) kept up



C) took on



D) got through E) put forth



18. Chloroform is no longer used as an anaesthetic for several reasons, the most important of ---- is the relatively high risk of complications, including possible heart failure. A) that



B) whose D) which



23. A) Even if B) Though



C) what



C) Therefore



E) it



D) As if E) In case Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



21



A 2009-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 27. As the foetus grows, ----.



24. – 35. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.



A) the enlarged uterus could be seen at about six weeks



24. When two or more drugs are taken in the same time period, ----.



B) all of these changes are normal in pregnancy C) this difference is amplified during pregnancy



A) some drugs must be used despite their having a very narrow margin of safety



D) more blood is sent to the mother’s uterus



B) people should also consult their pharmacist



E) pregnancy would affect virtually all hormones in the body



C) they have been enormously beneficial in relieving suffering D) they may interact in ways that are either good or bad E) patients are advised not to take them



28. ----, but such tests are rarely needed to make the diagnosis.



25. While everyone unconsciously uses defence mechanisms, ----.



A) The first symptom of salivary gland infection is pain when swallowing



A) some people assume that they can deal with problems on their own



B) Doctors investigate the possibility of mumps



B) treatments differ according to the type of personality disorder



C) Laboratory tests can identify the mumps virus and its antibodies



C) people with a dependent personality avoid undertaking responsibilities D) drug therapy is frequently complicated by misuse of the drugs or by suicide attempts E) people with personality disorders use them in inappropriate or immature ways



D) Complications can involve organs other than the salivary glands E) Mumps can lead to viral inflammation of the brain



26. Once the pollen season starts, ----. A) in most people, allergic conjunctivitis is part of a larger allergy syndrome, such as seasonal rhinitis



29. Although there are different types of cells, ----. A) nerve cells conduct electrical impulses



B) the different types of allergic reactions are generally categorized by what causes them



B) skin cells divide and reproduce quickly C) white blood cells move freely, unattached to other cells



C) antihistamines or decongestants are the usual initial treatment for seasonal allergic rhinitis



D) cells in the lining of the lungs produce mucus



D) people who have severe adverse effects from taking drugs should consider allergen immunotherapy



E) most cells have the same components



E) the nose, the roof of the mouth, the back of the throat, and the eyes start to itch



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



22



A 2009-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 30. Usually, acute pericarditis causes fever and chest pain, ----. A) so that, in most cases, it may be similar to that of a heart attack B) which typically extends to the left shoulder and sometimes down the left arm



33. Normally, the volume of sweat is about 100 ml/day, ----. A) but in very hot weather or during heavy exercise, water loss in sweat occasionally increases to 1-2 litres/hour B) since urine volume can be as low as 0.5 litre/day in a dehydrated person



C) just as it tends to be made worse by lying down, coughing, or even deep breathing



C) because normally a small amount of water (100 ml/day) is lost in the faeces



D) while it has many causes, ranging from viral infections to life-threatening cancer E) but it may result as a side effect of certain drugs, such as anticoagulants and penicillin



31. Disorders that affect joints and their components, such as muscles, bones, and tendons, are called “connective tissue diseases” ----. A) when a disease affects a specific tissue or organ



D) whereby water loss in the faeces can increase to several litres a day in people with severe diarrhoea E) so long as the maintenance of a relatively constant volume of the body fluids is essential for homeostasis



34. ----, the person is said to suffer circulatory shock. A) Just as the heart is severely damaged from any cause



B) since, in rheumatoid arthritis, chronic inflammation damages the joint’s cartilage



B) Even though any factor that interferes with venous return can also lead to decreased cardiac output



C) in case the symptoms of one disease overlap with another D) because these structures contain large amounts of connective tissue



C) If ever the cardiac output falls below that level which is required for adequate nutrition of the tissues



E) although unusual antibodies can be detected and measured in the blood



D) So long as the cardiac output fell so low that the tissues throughout the body began to suffer nutritional deficiency E) While the cardiac outputs in healthy human beings are surprisingly constant



32. The leukaemic tissues reproduce new cells so rapidly ----. A) whereas common effects in leukaemia are the development of infections, severe anaemia, and a tendency to bleeding B) even if the most important effect of leukaemia on the body is the excessive use of metabolic substrates by the growing cancerous cells C) that tremendous demands are made on the body fluids for foodstuffs, especially the amino acids and vitamins



35. ----, the remaining cells of this type often generate new cells. A) As most human cells do not maintain large stores of carbohydrates B) Although cells are capable of performing their special functions C) Since the principal substance from which cells extract energy is oxygen



D) while leukaemia is usually characterized by greatly increased numbers of abnormal white blood cells in the circulating blood



D) When cells of a particular type are destroyed, due to one cause or another



E) unless leukaemic cells are nonfunctional in providing the usual protection against infection associated with white blood cells



E) Because the most abundant substance in most cells is proteins Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



23



A 2009-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 38. Angiography, which involves injecting a radiopaque substance into an artery, is the most invasive of all kidney imaging procedures and is reserved for special situations, such as when a doctor must evaluate the blood supply to the kidneys.



36. – 38. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz. 36. Without treatment, postpartum depression can weaken critically important bonds between a mother and her child. A) Anne ve çocuk arasındaki kritik öneme sahip bağlar, depresyon tedavisine rağmen doğum sonrasında zayıflayabilmektedir. B) Tedavi edilmediği takdirde, doğum sonrası depresyonu anne ve çocuğu arasındaki kritik öneme sahip bağları zayıflatabilir. C) Doğum sonrası depresyonu tedavi edilebilir bir durum olmakla birlikte anne ve çocuğu arasındaki kritik öneme sahip bağları zayıflatabilmektedir.



A) Atardamar içine radyopak maddenin enjekte edilmesiyle gerçekleşen anjiyografi, böbrek görüntüleme yöntemlerinden en yaygın olanıdır ve doktorun böbreklere gelen kan miktarını görmek istemesi gibi özel durumlar dışında kullanılmaması gerekir. B) Bütün böbrek görüntüleme işlemlerinin en yaygın örneklerinden biri olan ve atardamara radyopak madde enjekte etmek anlamına gelen anjiyografi, doktor böbreklere ulaşan kan miktarını görmeyi istemedikçe kullanılmamalıdır. C) Radyopak bir maddenin atardamara enjekte edilmesi demek olan anjiyografi, bütün böbrek görüntüleme işlemlerinin içinde en geniş etkinliği bulunan, ancak doktor gerekli görüp, böbreklere gelen kan miktarını araştırmak istemedikçe kullanılması tavsiye edilmeyen bir yöntemdir.



D) Anne ve çocuğu arasındaki kritik öneme sahip bağlar tedavi edilebilen bir durum olan doğum sonrası depresyonunun bir sonucudur. E) Doğum sonrası depresyonunun bir sonucu olarak anne ve çocuğu arasındaki bağların zayıflaması, aslında tedavi edilebilmektedir.



D) Doktorun böbreklere gelen kan oranını görmesi gereken özel durumlar hariç, kullanılması pek öngörülmeyen anjiyografi, temelde atardamara radyopak madde enjekte etme esasına dayanır. E)



37. Each pair of spinal nerves includes one nerve at the front of the spinal cord, which carries information from the brain to the muscles, and one nerve at the back, which carries sensory information to the brain.



Atardamara radyopak madde enjekte etmeyi içeren anjiyografi, tüm böbrek görüntüleme işlemleri içinde en yüksek yayılımı sağlayan yöntemdir ve doktorun böbreklere gelen kan miktarını değerlendirmesi gerektiği zamanlar gibi özel durumlarda kullanılır.



A) Her bir spinal sinir çiftinde, biri omuriliğin ön tarafında bulunup iletiyi beyinden kaslara taşıyan, diğeri omuriliğin arka tarafında bulunup duyusal uyarıları beyne taşıyan birer sinir bulunur. B) Spinal sinir çiftlerinde bulunan sinirlerden biri beyinden kaslara bilgi iletimi yapan omuriliğin ön tarafında bulunurken, omuriliğin arka tarafında bulunan bir diğeri ise duyusal uyarıları beyne taşır. C) Spinal sinirlerin her bir çiftinde, omuriliğin iletiyi beyinden kaslara taşıyan ön tarafında bir sinir, duyusal uyarıları beyne taşıyan arka tarafında ise başka bir sinir vardır. D) Her bir spinal sinir çiftinde, sadece omuriliğin önünde bulunup iletiyi beyinden kaslara taşıyan bir sinir değil, aynı zamanda omuriliğin arkasında bulunup duyusal uyarıları beyne taşıyan birer sinir bulunur. E)



Uyarıları beyinden kaslara taşıyan ve omuriliğin ön kısmında yer alan bir sinirle, duyusal uyarıları beyne taşıyan ve omuriliğin arka kısmında bulunan sinir bir arada spinal sinir çiftini oluştururlar. Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



24



A 2009-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 39. – 41. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz. 39. Akciğerlerde, oksijen temini ile oksijen gereksinimi arasındaki normal ve hassas dengeyi bozan herhangi bir rahatsızlık, kişiyi nefessiz bırakabilir. A) A person with a lung disorder becomes short of breath when the normal and delicate balance between the supply of oxygen to the lungs and the amount of oxygen required cannot be maintained.



40. Profesyonel yardım almadan bir idrar kaçırma sorunu ile birlikte yaşamaya çalışan insanlar problemi doktorlarıyla konuşma konusunda ya sıkılmakta ya da yanlış bir inanışla, idrar kaçırmanın yaşlanma sürecinin normal bir parçası olduğunu düşünmektedirler. A) People who have incontinence problems mistakenly tend to believe that it is a normal part of aging and do not seek professional help, as they are embarrassed by it.



B) A person will be out of breath if the normal and delicate balance between the amount of oxygen supplied and the amount required in the lungs is not adequately maintained.



B) Those who experience incontinence problems are generally too shy to talk to their doctors about them and think that this is the normal result of aging; therefore, they do not seek professional help and tend to live with the problem.



C) When the normal and delicate balance in the lungs between the oxygen supplied and the oxygen required is lost, this can cause a person to be out of breath.



C) Because they are too embarrassed to talk to their doctors about the problem they have, people tend to live with incontinence, believing that it is a normal part of aging.



D) Any disorder in the lungs that upsets the normal and delicate balance between oxygen supply and oxygen requirement can make a person short of breath.



D) Because they believe that it is a normal part of aging, people who do not seek professional help feel embarrassed to talk to their doctors about the incontinence problem they suffer from.



E) When there is a disorder in the lungs, it upsets the normal and delicate balance between the supply of oxygen and the amount required, and this can make a person short of breath.



E) People who tend to live with an incontinence problem without seeking professional help are either too embarrassed to discuss the problem with their doctor or they mistakenly believe that incontinence is a normal part of aging.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



25



A 2009-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 41. Antidepresan kullanımındaki artışın bir nedeni, birçok doktorun normal üzüntüyü daha ciddi olan, hatta yaşam düzenini bozan klinik depresyon durumundan ayırt etmemesidir.



42. – 46. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz.



A) Because many doctors do not differentiate between normal sadness and the more serious and life-threatening condition of clinical depression, the use of antidepressants has rapidly increased.



42. People may be obese not because they eat too much, but because they spend too little energy. Some obese people are so extraordinarily inactive that even when they eat less than lean people, they still have an energy surplus. ----. Physical activity, then, is a necessary component of nutritional health.



B) Many doctors have regarded normal sadness in much the same way as clinical depression, which is actually a life-threatening condition, and this has given rise to an increase in the use of antidepressants.



A) More than one-third of the overweight population report no physical activity during their leisure time



C) One cause of the rise in antidepressant use is that many doctors do not differentiate between normal sadness and the more serious, even lifethreatening condition of clinical depression.



B) Weight-loss advice does not apply equally to all overweight people, since some people may risk more in the process of losing weight than in remaining overweight



D) The increase in the use of antidepressants can be explained by the fact that many doctors fail to distinguish between normal sadness and the more serious and life-threatening condition of clinical depression, and treat it as such.



C) Modest weight loss, even if a person is still overweight, can reduce the risks of heart disease by lowering blood pressure and blood cholesterol



E)



D) Reducing their food intake, however, would further threaten their health by causing nutrient deficiencies



Most doctors tend to confuse normal sadness with the more serious and life-threatening condition of clinical depression, and this has caused a rise in antidepressant use.



E) An estimated 30-40% of all US women are trying to lose weight at any given time, and spending up to $40 billion each year to do so



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



26



A 2009-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 43. The discovery of three of the four basic blood groups was made by Karl Landsteiner at Vienna’s Institute of Pathology in 1901 and 1902. The fourth group, AB, was discovered by two of Landsteiner’s colleagues a few years later. The ability to match the blood types of donor and recipient would greatly reduce the incidence of fatalities from transfusion reactions. However, this breakthrough was largely ignored for more than a decade. ----. Therefore, a large number of patients continued to experience posttransfusion fever, chills, kidney pain, bloody urine and death. A) R. Ottenberg, a pathologist and haematologist in New York, performed 125 successful transfusions without bad reactions by using compatibility testing



45. Mothers around the world are getting older. In the UK, the mean age for having a first child is 27.3, compared with 23.7 in 1970. Mean age at first birth in the US has also increased, rising from 21.4 in 1970 to 24.9 in 2000. ----. Studies by the US National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute found that the risk of a child being obese increases by about 14% for every five extra years of the mother’s age. A) In the US, in 2004, the percentage of women in their 40s who had one child was 17.4 B) Researchers also found that first-born offspring have more fat than their younger siblings C) In 1964, the British woman gave birth to an average of 2.95 children



B) Few physicians considered Landsteiner’s work of much importance or even seemed to be aware of it



D) According to recent studies, having an older mother seems to be an independent risk factor for obesity



C) Of all the problems facing physicians, blood’s ability to coagulate or to clot was the greatest



E) This combination of older mothers and more single children could be contributing to the obesity epidemic



D) In essence, O. H. Robertson, a physician in the US Army, set up the world’s first system of blood banking E) In the 1880s, the European medical community lost its enthusiasm for blood transfusions after performing hundreds of unsuccessful trials



44. The development of effective anti-retrovirals has transformed AIDS into two diseases: one for the rich and quite a different one for the poor. ----. So, they can think of their illness as a chronic condition with which they may live for decades. The incidence of new cases has also dropped significantly. By contrast, in much of the developing world, HIV infection is still largely a near-term death sentence, and the far greater incidence is only just beginning to level off. A) In the developed world, people with HIV have access to health care



46. Embarrassment seems likely to serve three basic functions. First, it serves as a pacification gesture to others by signalling that the violation was unintended and that it will not likely be repeated. Second, the intense dread of experiencing this emotion probably deters us from repeating whatever behaviours triggered the state. ----. Just as physical pain alerts us to threats to our physical well-being, embarrassment alerts us to threats to our social well-being. Third, embarrassment motivates us to undo the social damage and restore the esteem of others.



B) Poor people with HIV generally rely on health aid packages from developed countries



A) Therefore, our social well-being relies greatly on how we fit into the society and how the society responds to us



C) The disease still cannot be cured completely, but has been made less immediately lethal



B) Naturally, we try to avoid socially unacceptable situations that might result in rejection



D) Scientists estimate that the number of HIVinfected people will soon have doubled



C) Such a dread is the outcome of an unintentional violation of social rules and manners of conduct



E) People in poor countries are at a greater risk of catching the disease due to poor living conditions



D) Repetition of such behaviours in various instances may be either deliberate or unintended E) In this sense, embarrassment can be regarded as a social counterpart to physical pain Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



27



A 2009-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 49. Vicki : - I’ve just eaten a large meal, and I’m already hungry again!



47. – 51. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz.



Bryan : - ----



47. Alice : - Why does tuberculosis have a higher incidence among the poor?



Vicki : - I had soup and bread, and a baked potato with vegetables.



Glenn : - ----



Bryan : - You’re hungry again because you ate mostly carbohydrates. Your body has already used the energy from your meal and is looking for more energy.



Alice : - Could you give an example? Glenn : - Well, the fact that many poor people don’t have access to adequate health care, and that they live in very crowded conditions.



A) Are you feeling angry about something? That always makes me feel hungry!



A) There’s only one reason that I know of.



B) How long ago did you have lunch?



B) I don’t think it does, really.



C) You’re eating far too quickly.



C) There are many reasons.



D) What did you eat for lunch?



D) I wish it didn’t, actually.



E) What’s your favourite meal?



E) No one really knows the answer to that.



50. Carrie : - Here’s an article about a new drug-release implant that works with a battery. The drugs are coated with a substance that dissolves when exposed to an electric current, so when the device is switched on, the drug is released into the body.



48. Hank : - I’m travelling to South America next week. Linda : - Oh, then you should have a typhoid immunization.



Diane : - ----



Hank : - Why? Everyone knows it isn’t 100% effective.



Carrie : - Well, the device could be controlled remotely by a doctor to protect the patient from overdosing or missing a dose of his or her medication.



Linda : - ---A) You should drink only carbonated bottled drinks or water that has been boiled. B) Even so, it can offer you some protection against the disease. C) You know that even if you are immunized, you may still contract other gastro-intestinal disorders while you’re there. D) Are you travelling to any small villages? You will be at greater risk if you are.



Diane : - Oh, I hadn’t thought of that. What a good idea! A) Why would a person need something like that? B) Have tests been performed with the device? C) How is the device implanted into the person’s body? D) Does the device or its battery have to be replaced periodically?



E) Foods that are cooked and served hot are less likely to cause an infection.



E) I’ve heard that such devices can trigger autoimmune responses in the body. Is that true?



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



28



A 2009-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 51. Phil : - It seems that there are some new techniques in in-vitro fertilization for predicting which embryos are more likely to survive after implantation in the womb. Peggy : - Then that should increase the success rates for IVF. Phil : - ----



A) I



Peggy : - That’s a good thing, because carrying more than one foetus at the same time can be a health risk for the mother.



B) One of the techniques measures the oxygendepletion levels in the air directly above the developing egg or embryo.



A) I



C) Yes, and it may also eliminate the need for multiple implants, which often result in multiple births. D) That’s right; the doctors performing one of the studies were able to predict viability at a rate of about 80%.



52. – 56. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz.



A) I



52. (I) Ultrasound scanning during pregnancy is very common. (II) After all, pregnancy after age 35 is the most common risk factor for having a baby with Down syndrome. (III) It has no known complications for the woman or foetus. (IV) Whether all pregnant women should be scanned is controversial. (V) However, it is commonly admitted that such scanning isn’t routinely needed. C) III



D) IV



C) III



D) IV



E) V



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



55. (I) A person with mouth or throat cancer may receive radiation therapy and surgery or just radiation therapy. (II) Staying out of the sun reduces the risk of lip cancer. (III) Yet radiation therapy often destroys the salivary glands and leaves the person’s mouth dry, which can lead to cavities and other dental problems. (IV) In addition, because jawbones exposed to radiation don’t heal well, dental problems are treated before radiation is administered. (V) Further, any teeth likely to become problems are removed, and time is allowed for healing.



E) Yes, because only around 30% of IVF cycles in the US currently result in pregnancy.



B) II



B) II



54. (I) The eyeball is divided into two segments, each filled with fluid. (II) The front segment extends from the cornea to the lens. (III) The back segment extends from the back edges of the lens to the retina. (IV) Both the front and back segments are filled with the fluids that help the eyeball maintain its shape. (V) In fact, tears are rich in antibodies that help prevent infection.



A) Doctors are currently only able to analyze early embryos for possible genetic problems, not for overall health.



A) I



53. (I) Parasitic infections are common in rural Africa, Asia and South America. (II) However, they are rare in developed countries. (III) But people from developed countries who visit developing countries can very easily be infected by parasites. (IV) Those parasites that infect the intestine may stay there or may burrow through the intestinal wall and infect other organs. (V) So, unknowingly, they return home with the infection, which may not be readily diagnosed, because it is so uncommon.



E) V



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



56. (I) A large proportion of the gallbladder’s store of bile salts is released into the small intestine. (II) Then, 90% of the bile salts are reabsorbed into the bloodstream through the wall of the lower small intestine. (III) Gallstones are more common in women and in certain specific groups of people. (IV) The liver then extracts the bile salts from the blood and resecretes them back into the bile. (V) The bile salts in the body go through this cycle about 10-12 times a day. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



29



A 2009-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 58. According to the passage, when we hold our breath, ----.



57. – 60. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. What controls our breathing? We obviously have some conscious control over it because we can voluntarily hold our breath for a short while or breathe faster and deeper. Most of the time, however, automatic control centres in our brain regulate our breathing movements. Automatic control is essential, for it ensures coordination between the respiratory and circulatory systems and the body’s metabolic needs for gas exchange. Anatomically, our breathing control centres are located in parts of the brain called “the pons” and “the medulla.” Nerves from the medulla’s control centre signal the diaphragm and rib muscles to contract, making us inhale. These nerves send out signals that result in about 10-14 inhalations per minute when we are at rest. Between inhalations, the muscles relax, and we exhale. The control centre in the pons smooths out the basic rhythm of breathing set by the medulla.



A) we show we have some conscious control over our breathing B) the automatic breathing control centres in the brain begin to work much faster C) the rate of gas exchange through the respiratory system increases rapidly D) the movements of the diaphragm and rib muscles get out of control E) the number of signals from the medulla to the respiratory system begins to increase



59. One understands from the passage that the automatic rather than conscious control of the breath ----. A) limits the body’s ability to meet its metabolic needs B) causes a sudden fall in the number of inhalations per minute C) disrupts the movements of rib muscles and undermines the rhythm of inhalation D) is very complicated due to the lack of coordination between the pons and the medulla E) is of vital importance for gas exchange to take place in the body



57. It is clear from the passage that the pons and the medulla ----. A) are mainly responsible for the efficient performance of the circulatory system 60. The passage explains in a relatively detailed way ----.



B) perform functions that are interrelated and complementary C) work together to ensure motor coordination



A) how breathing is regulated by the automatic control centres in the brain



D) hardly have any effect on our breathing rate and movements



B) the functions of the diaphragm and rib muscles



E) have no effect upon the circulatory system



C) the side effects that the conscious control of the breath causes D) why the pons and the medulla cannot have a coordinated function E) why our breathing movements vary from 10 to 14 inhalations per minute



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



30



A 2009-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 62. As pointed out in the passage, the structure of a disk ----.



61. – 64. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. The vertebrae of the spinal column are separated by disks made of cartilage. Each disk has a strong outer layer and a softer inner part that acts as a shock absorber to cushion the vertebrae during movement. If the disk degenerates, for example following an injury or with aging, the inner part of the disk can bulge or rupture through the outer layer. The ruptured inner part of the disk can compress or irritate a nerve root and may even injure it. Most ruptured disks are in the lower back and usually affect only one leg. Such a rupture can cause pain not only in the lower back but also down the sciatic nerve, which runs from the spinal column to the buttocks, leg, and heel. Ruptured disks in the lower back can also cause leg weakness, and a person may especially have difficulty lifting the front part of the foot. A ruptured disk that is very large and centrally located in the spinal column can affect nerves that regulate bowel and bladder function, impairing the ability to defecate or urinate and making urgent medical attention necessary.



A) is standard, so everyone is equally likely to develop a ruptured disk B) is so complicated that all injuries to it require urgent medical attention C) is so strong that it is rarely damaged except in extraordinary conditions D) can be extremely fragile, but regular exercise can help increase strength E) consists of two parts, and it is the inner part that enables the vertebrae to move comfortably



63. According to the passage, a disk rupture in the lower back ----. A) leads to unusual defecation or urination, especially among the aged B) can affect the sciatic nerve and cause pain down the length of it C) has a very damaging effect on both legs and can cause paralysis D) always causes a great deal of pain throughout the spinal column



61. It is clear from the passage that a ruptured disk ----.



E) rarely has any serious adverse effects except on the movement of a person’s feet



A) is a serious problem commonly faced by most elderly people B) should be suspected when movement in both the legs becomes limited



64. It is clear that the passage ----. A) is solely concerned with the problems arising from the spinal column and emphasizes the need for urgent medical attention



C) can easily be treated if it is diagnosed early enough D) can have various adverse effects, depending on its position and severity



B) gives a full account of how the disks in the lower back function, and explains their inner structure



E) regularly has an adverse effect on the whole of the spinal column



C) describes not only the structure of a disk in the spinal column but also the harmful consequences of a ruptured disk D) deals in great detail with the question of how the degeneration of disks in the spinal column can be prevented E) is largely concerned with the functions of the sciatic nerve



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



31



A 2009-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 66. It is clear from the passage that, in order to increase the mass and density of bones, ----.



65. – 68. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. A low calcium intake during the growing years limits the bones’ ability to achieve an optimal mass and density. Most people achieve a peak bone mass by about age 30, and dense bones protect against agerelated bone loss and fracture. Starting before the age of 40, all adults lose bone as they grow older. When bone loss reaches the point at which bones fracture under common, everyday stresses, the condition is known as osteoporosis. Today, worldwide, this is one of the most prevalent diseases of aging. For instance, in the US, it afflicts more than 25 million people, mostly older women. Unlike many diseases that make themselves known through symptoms such as pain, shortness of breath, skin lesions, tiredness, and the like, osteoporosis is silent. The body sends no signals saying bone loss is occurring. Blood samples offer no clues because blood calcium remains normal regardless of bone content, and measures of bone density are rarely taken. However, there are various strategies to protect against bone loss, and eating calcium-rich foods is only one of them.



A) after the age of 40, everyday stresses must be avoided, and foods that are rich in calcium should be favoured B) the increased consumption of calcium-rich foods should only be tried after other strategies have failed C) one must be aware of the fact that the level of the calcium intake after age 40 always needs to be doubled D) it is essential that one must have a high calcium intake during the growing years E) the elderly in particular should not rely on the consumption of calcium-rich foods



67. In the passage, osteoporosis is ----. A) referred to as a disease which results from the bones’ failure to achieve an optimal mass and density B) defined as the condition when bones become very fragile even under ordinary everyday stresses C) shown to be a disease which is far more prevalent in the US than the rest of the world D) discussed in detail with reference to its common symptoms as well as its prevalence among people under age 40



65. It is pointed out in the passage that the development of osteoporosis ----.



E) presented as a deadly disease which mostly afflicts elderly women throughout the world



A) cannot be detected right away, since it is a disease that gives out no symptoms B) is common among adults under the age of 40, because their intake of calcium is usually very low



68. It is implied in the passage that bone density ----.



C) in the US, especially among the elderly, has been very alarming in recent years



A) is one way of finding out about osteoporosis, but it is not often that people have their bone density measured



D) cannot be checked by the consumption of calcium-rich foods



B) reaches its peak by about age 30 and remains so until at least age 40



E) can be traced through blood samples



C) is best measured during the growing years, although most people are unaware of the importance of doing so D) can also be understood through the level of calcium in the blood, which is on the whole stable E) remains normal well into middle age, so young people never suffer from it



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



32



A 2009-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 70. We learn from the passage that TMS ----.



69. – 72. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) is only used as a last resort



Josh Villa was 26 and driving home with a friend when his car mounted the kerb and flipped over. Villa was thrown through the windscreen, suffered massive head injuries and fell into a coma. Almost a year later, there was still little sign of improvement. He would open his eyes, but he was not responsive to any external stimuli in his environment. He was then enrolled in a six-week study in which an electromagnetic coil was held over the front of his head to stimulate the underlying brain tissue. Such transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been investigated as a way of treating migraine, stroke, Parkinson’s disease and depression, with some promising results, but this is the first time it has been used as a potential therapy for someone in a comalike state. Certain improvements were observed; for instance, he began to say single words. The case has been described as “intriguing,” but it has also given rise to a lot of cautionary warning.



B) has been used with promising results in the treatment of migraine and Parkinson’s disease C) has, until recently, been employed exclusively in the treatment of mental disorders D) is likely to produce unpleasant side-effects E) has not proved to be as effective a treatment as was once hoped



71. It is clear from the passage that TMS was used on this patient ----. A) with remarkable success B) because it was known to have brought people out of a coma-like state C) with a view to stimulating brain tissue D) without due consideration of the risks involved E) against the advice of a leading brain surgeon



69. The case-study is about Josh Villa, who ----. A) made a startling recovery from a stroke after TMS treatment B) remained in a coma for nearly a year but recovered following TMS treatment 72. According to the passage, the case-study in question ----.



C) experienced a comparatively minor car accident which resulted in a coma



A) is interesting but not conclusive



D) was receiving TMS treatment for chronic migraines



B) can be regarded as a real breakthrough



E) a year after his car crash was still unable to respond to any external stimuli



C) has aroused no interest whatsoever in the medical world D) concludes that this particular patient could not respond to any treatment E) confirms the effectiveness of magnetic stimulation in the treatment of coma



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



33



A 2009-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 74. One understands from the passage that the rise of insulin in the body ----.



73. – 76. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Muscles can obtain the carbohydrate they need, not only from glycogen stores but also from sugar taken during activity, which elevates blood glucose and enhances endurance. Normally, insulin stimulates all the tissues of the body to drain glucose from the blood and store it; however, this is exactly the opposite of what is needed for performance. During physical activity, the body’s release of the hormone epinephrine keeps insulin from rising in response to glucose entering the blood. Physical activity also enhances muscle sensitivity to insulin so that the muscles become the primary recipient of blood glucose. Consuming sugar is especially useful during exhausting endurance activities lasting more than an hour. Endurance athletes often run short of glucose by the end of competitive events, and they are wise to take light carbohydrate snacks or drinks periodically during activity. During the last stages of an endurance competition, when glycogen is running low, glucose consumed during the event can make its way slowly from the digestive tract to the muscles and increase the body’s supply of glucose enough to prevent exhaustion.



A) increases the level of glucose in the blood, which is controlled by epinephrine B) reaches its highest level when the glucose in the blood becomes adequate C) causes exhaustion, and therefore exhausting endurance activities must be avoided D) is related to the amount of glucose entering the blood E) not only reduces glycogen but also slows down physical activity



75. It is suggested in the passage that, during an exhausting endurance competition, athletes ----. A) often have to combat rising glycogen levels B) lose their muscle sensitivity to insulin C) need a regular supply of glucose D) should avoid consuming any carbohydrate-rich food and drink E) are adversely affected by the release of epinephrine



73. It is clear from the passage that, during prolonged physical activity, ----. A) light carbohydrate snacks and drinks are not advised as these would interfere with the passage of glucose to the muscles B) the body’s glycogen stores are so activated that there is no need for extra carbohydrate supplies



76. It is clear from the passage that, during endurance activities, the digestive tract ----.



C) insulin stimulates all the tissues of the body to drain glucose from the blood



A) should remain empty



D) the consumption of sugar must be avoided so that the body’s supply of glucose can be maintained to prevent exhaustion



B) plays an important role in the supply of glucose to the muscles



E) blood glucose can be increased through the intake of sufficient carbohydrate and, thus, exhaustion can be avoided



C) is important for the removal of glucose from the blood D) receives the hormone epinephrine when it is released E) is relatively inactive



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



34



A 2009-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 79. It is stated in the passage that the heart receives more blood ----.



77. – 80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Fitness is determined more by the intensity of exercise than the duration. Workouts should be energetic enough that the muscles are somewhat sore the next day but fully recovered the day after that. To strengthen the heart, exercise must be performed at an intensity that increases heart rate at least 20 beats above the resting heart rate. The harder a person exercises, the faster the heart beats and the stronger the heart muscle becomes. Heart rate is determined by how hard the skeletal muscles contract. When a person starts to exercise, the skeletal muscles contract and squeeze the veins near them, forcing blood towards the heart. When the skeletal muscles relax, these veins fill with blood. The alternating contraction and relaxation of the skeletal muscles serve as a second heart, pumping extra blood to the heart. The increased blood flow causes the heart to beat faster and more forcefully. So the harder the skeletal muscles contract, the faster the heart beats.



A) if the duration of exercise is kept short to prevent any muscular damage B) during exercise even though there is no increase at all in heart rate C) when the skeletal muscles alternately contract and relax D) because the veins near the skeletal muscles contract a great deal E) so long as the heart muscle is kept strong through exercise



80. It is made clear in the passage that exercise ----.



77. According to the passage, exercise to make the heart muscle stronger ----.



A) involving hard workouts consequently undermines physical fitness



A) should aim to increase the heart rate



B) should not increase the resting heart rate by more than 20 beats



B) should avoid increasing muscle contraction C) will cause a reduction in the flow of blood to the heart



C) is very harmful to the veins and must therefore be avoided



D) will take into account the resting heart rate



D) increases the contraction of the muscles and can thus be very harmful



E) avoids hard workouts that make the muscles sore



E) should not be so intense that it leaves muscles sore for more than a day



78. As pointed out in the passage, it is ----. A) impossible to do too much exercise B) the relaxation of the skeletal muscles that affects the resting heart rate C) due to the fitness of the muscles that the blood flow into the heart remains steady



TEST BİTTİ.



D) the type, not the intensity of, a workout that leaves the muscles sore



CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.



E) not so much the duration of exercise but its intensity that results in fitness



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



35



ÜNİVERSİTELERARASI KURUL YABANCI DİL SINAVI (ÜDS) 22 MART 2009



İNGİLİZCE SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ TESTİ CEVAP ANAHTARI A KİTAPÇIĞI



1. A



21. A



41. C



61. D



2. E



22. E



42. D



62. E



3. A



23. B



43. B



63. B



4. C



24. D



44. A



64. C



5. B



25. E



45. D



65. A



6. D



26. E



46. E



66. D



7. E



27. D



47. C



67. B



8. A



28. C



48. B



68. A



9. D



29. E



49. D



69. E



10. B



30. B



50. A



70. B



11. A



31. D



51. C



71. C



12. C



32. C



52. B



72. A



13. D



33. A



53. D



73. E



14. E



34. C



54. E



74. D



15. B



35. D



55. B



75. C



16. C



36. B



56. C



76. B



17. E



37. A



57. B



77. A



18. D



38. E



58. A



78. E



19. A



39. D



59. E



79. C



20. D



40. E



60. A



80. E



A İNGİLİZCE SOSYAL BİLİMLER TESTİ 2009-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 6. You’ve got a long journey ahead of you so you ought to ---- early in the morning.



1. – 18. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. 1. Most scientists agree that the human history of North America began when the early ---- of modern Native Americans made their way across a land bridge that once connected north-eastern Asia to North America. A) inhabitants



B) ancestors



C) colleagues



D) counterparts



A) turn up



B) go by



C) make out



D) break through E) set out



7. Although alcohol consumption per capita ---- a peak in the United States during the first three decades of the 19th century, now it ---- down in all age groups.



E) descendants



A) reached / is going 2. In 1996, two teams of archaeologists found what appear to be the remains of very ---- musical instruments at Neanderthal sites. A) sensitive



B) reluctant



D) simple



B) has reached / goes C) will reach / will go



C) relentless



D) was reaching / went



E) confident



E) would reach / has gone



3. Losing a loved one is always painful, but for most people time ---- heals the wounds. A) densely



B) excessively



C) eventually



D) casually



8. Imagine what your life would be like if you ---- one morning and everything you ---- had been forgotten! A) wake up / have ever learned B) woke up / had ever learned



E) cautiously



C) had woken up / ever learned D) will wake up / ever learn



4. A lack of skills or of higher education are issues that ---- many South Africans from making a decent living. A) prevent



B) promote D) offer



E) have woken up / will ever learn



C) complain



E) help



9. For a long time now, Asia’s emerging economies ---- the world’s most dynamic, with GDP ---- at an annual rate of 7.5%.



5. There are digest magazines that gather articles and even books from a variety of sources and condense them for us so that we can easily ---new developments.



A) were / to have grown B) would have been / having grown



A) get along with



B) look up to



C) have been / growing



C) keep up with



D) make away with



D) would be / to be growing E) are / to grow



E) take over from



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



36



A 2009-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 10. Imhotep, god of medicine, ---- as a mythological figure in the minds of many scholars until the end of the 19th century, when it ---- that he was a real historical personage. A) existed / was established



14. ---- everyone appears to dislike a person who is known as a “gossip,” it is an exceedingly unusual individual who doesn’t enjoy a bit of gossip. A) If



B) Unless D) Whenever



C) Although



E) Once



B) has existed / has been established C) had existed / was being established D) will exist / will have been established



15. ---- influencing how we think, digital technology is altering how we feel and how we behave.



E) exists / had been established



A) Despite



B) Besides



C) Whereas



D) As if E) Owing to



11. People who ---- it hard to give up smoking often ---- outside assistance. A) are finding / are sought B) had found / are seeking



16. ---- scientists can tell, our prehistoric ancestors lived in relatively small groups where they knew everyone else in the group.



C) could have found / will seek D) find / seek E) would have found / had been sought



A) Despite the fact that



B) Apart from



C) As far as



D) As much as E) Unlike



12. We humans, like all warm-blooded animals, can keep our core body temperatures pretty constant regardless ---- the physical conditions in the world ---- us. A) to / through



B) with / for



C) about / inside



D) on / over



17. One type of family is the single-parent family, in ---- children live with an unmarried, divorced or widowed mother or father.



E) of / around



A) which



B) that



C) them



D) where E) whom



18. ---- being a personal relationship between two people, marriage is one of society’s most important and basic institutions.



13. Compared with the United States after 9/11, India has reacted ---- the Mumbai attacks ---- restraint. A) over / from



B) for / in



D) to / with



C) by / to



E) at / over



A) Instead of



B) In addition to



C) Because of



D) In opposition to E) In case of Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



37



A 2009-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 24. – 35. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.



19. – 23. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. It might be argued that the internal problems of some nations are so great that they can (19) ---- exercise any influence on the wider world. With all their internal troubles and failures, what part can they (20) ---- in international endeavours for the (21) ---- of peace? The dangers now are greater than ever. A racist war in southern Africa; another far more devastating conflict in the Middle East; continued unrest in the Far East. (22) ----, which is even worse, there is growing tension (23) ---- the world between the rich and the poor; and this could give rise to fresh conflicts. 19. A) briefly



B) easily



B) we are at first bewildered by their variety and quantity C) the first thing we did was to look for the book we needed D) the shelves are tidied up at the end of every working day by the librarians



E) hardly



20. A) define



A) the readers are expected to classify the bulk of the books



E) some libraries offer on-line services while others don’t



C) widely



D) intensely



24. When we enter a library and glance at the books on the shelves, ----.



B) use



25. Although young children readily learn the names of numbers, ----.



C) play



D) claim



A) it is a long time before they can use them effectively



E) proceed



B) much research has been carried out on the process of learning C) their parents try to encourage them to solve complex problems



21. A) tolerance



B) agreement



C) emergence



D) establishment



D) it doesn’t matter if they enjoy maths or not E) they can easily learn how to multiply two-digit numbers



E) representation



22. A) Otherwise



B) Despite



C) Notwithstanding



D) Nevertheless



26. Since many forms of evidence are in a state of poor preservation, ----.



E) Moreover



A) environmental archaeology is now a welldeveloped discipline 23.



B) we can reconstruct the earlier forms of the sites A) about



B) among



C) throughout



D) beside



C) the work of archaeologists today is harder than it need have been D) fossils have survived in many dry caves



E) above



E) archaeologists will probably have disregarded them Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



38



A 2009-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 30. Our voices sound higher and thinner on tape than they do when we hear ourselves speaking ----.



27. Because analytic philosophy is so different from empirical research, ----. A) each field is a rather new area of study for analysts



A) but this is actually much closer to the sound that other people hear when we speak



B) interdisciplinary studies have proven it invaluable



B) because a good-quality recording cannot be made easily



C) social scientists were of the same opinion



C) so that there is no loss of quality in the recording



D) many new students engaging in it are greatly puzzled by it



D) whether others recognize the quality of our voices or not



E) art appreciation has developed only recently



E) because researchers found that people who experience a level of social anxiety dislike their voices



28. Although Dublin is a fairly small city, ----. 31. Mystery-type novels are popular ----.



A) in the 20th century, they established their own identities, and today Dublin is a thriving, modern city, rich in history and proud of its past



A) unless you are provided with enough background to the crime and all necessary clues



B) there is also a river running through the middle



B) because they challenge the reader to solve the crime before the detective does



C) the first harbour in Dublin was established in the early 9th century



C) so that the reader has a chance to exercise his imagination



D) Vikings founded one of their largest settlements outside Scandinavia on the site of the present city



D) if the mysteries cannot be solved by detectives E) so that their authors are not too harshly criticized



E) it is famous for its rich cultural heritage which attracts millions of tourists every year



32. Austria is linguistically homogeneous, with 98 per cent of the population speaking German, ----. A) so the linguistic differences among this majority cannot be denied 29. When people are faced with terribly long “to do” lists, ----.



B) since people in most German-speaking countries don’t have much difficulty understanding each other



A) we began to feel hopelessly discouraged



C) unless the majority of Austrians learn at least one foreign language



B) it might be an unnecessarily exaggerated concern



D) however there are considerable differences in dialect between the various regions of the country



C) they might have been motivated D) it is easy to find reasons to put off doing them



E) for the resulting heterogeneity contributes to the cultural diversity in the country



E) they don’t want to feel it was wasted



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



39



A 2009-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 33. Japan’s efforts to reduce piracy incidents in the area were highly successful ----.



36. – 38. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz.



A) so several other countries adopted similar tactics 36. The trait that makes human language different from animal language is the complexity of sentence structures that we employ.



B) unless various local security forces had also responded C) though the usual policy of the government will be one of non-interference D) once they choose to rise to the challenge



A) Hayvan diliyle insan dili birbirinden farklıdır çünkü insanlar karmaşık cümle yapıları kullanırlar. B) İnsanların kullandığı karmaşık dil yapıları, insan dilini hayvanlarınkinden farklı kılar.



E) when it lacked the desire to assert itself



C) İnsan dilini hayvan dilinden farklı kılan özellik, kullandığımız cümle yapılarının karmaşıklığıdır. D) İnsan dili hayvan dilinden karmaşık cümle yapılarıyla ayrılır. E) Karmaşık cümle yapıları kullanılması nedeniyle insan ve hayvan dilleri birbirinden farklıdır.



34. Terrorism is not likely to cease in India ----. A) until the security system was in need of reform B) though that is what many would have hoped for



37. The Egyptian technique of pressing together vertical and horizontal wet strips of fibre from the core of the papyrus plant is similar to the bonding of the cellulose in modern paper making, but was otherwise very different.



C) even though great efforts are being made to end it D) since the shortcomings of the government were even then widely known



A) Enine ve boyuna döşenen ıslak papirüs özü liflerinin sıkıştırılmasına dayanan Mısır kağıt yapımı tekniği, modern kağıt yapımında selülozun sıkıştırılmasına benzeyen bir tekniktir, ancak pek çok açıdan farklılıklar bulunmaktadır.



E) that it is not enough to right symbolic wrongs



35. The concept of Emotional Intelligence has had an enormous impact on the workplace ----.



B) Papirüs bitkisi özünden çıkartılan ıslak lif şeritlerini yatay ve düşey biçimde döşedikten sonra bir araya getirerek sıkıştıran Mısır tekniği, modern kağıt yapımı sürecinde selülozun sıkıştırılmasına benzer özellikler gösterse de, temelde oldukça farklı bir yöntemdir. C) Her ne kadar çok farklı gibi görünse de, papirüs bitkisi özünden elde edilen ıslak lifleri şeritler halinde enine ve boyuna döşedikten sonra sıkıştırarak kağıt yapmayı sağlayan Mısır tekniği, günümüz selüloz liflerini sıkıştırma yoluyla kağıt yapma yöntemine benzer özellikler gösterir.



A) which gives you a chance to reconsider your routine B) who matter the most to us C) because people seem reluctant to admit this is a real tension



D) Modern kağıt yapımındaki selüloz sıkıştırma yöntemi ile Mısırlıların papirüs özünden çıkarttıkları ıslak lifleri çapraz biçimde sıkıştırıp kağıt yapma yöntemi bazı önemli farklılıkları saymazsak, temelde benzerlik gösterir.



D) as long as we feel contempt and disgust for ourselves E) where employers have realized the importance of being considerate



E) Mısırlıların papirüs bitkisi özünden elde edilen, enine ve boyuna yerleştirilmiş ıslak lif şeritlerini birlikte sıkıştırma tekniği, günümüz kağıt yapımında selülozun sıkıştırılmasına benzer, ancak bu teknik başka açılardan çok farklıydı. Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



40



A 2009-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 40. Bizim tek seçeneğimiz iyi eğitimli insanlarımızı, en üst düzey yeteneklerimizi ve bilgiyi yeni hizmet ve ürünlere dönüştürme becerimizi mümkün olan en iyi şekilde kullanmaktır.



38. The first known system of writing was not a re-expression of spoken language, but had a pictorial basis, creating two-dimensional analogues of three-dimensional things in the world.



A) Our only option is to make the best possible use of our well-educated people, our top-class facilities, and our ability to turn knowledge into innovative services and products.



A) Temelinde resmin bulunduğu, bilinen ilk yazı sistemi, sözlü dilde söylenenleri yeniden ifade etmek yerine, etrafımızdaki üç boyutlu nesneleri iki boyutla ifade eden bir sistemdi. B) Temel olarak resimden türeyen bildiğimiz ilk yazı sistemi, sözlü dilin bir yansıması değil, iki boyutlu çizimlerin dünyadaki üç boyutlu şeyleri temsil ettiği bir yazı sistemiydi. C) Bilinen ilk yazı sistemi, konuşma dilini ifade etmekten çok, yeryüzündeki üç boyutlu şeyleri iki boyutla temsil etmeye dayanan ve resimlerden ibaret bir yazı sistemiydi. D) Bilinen ilk yazı sistemi, konuşulan dilin yeniden ifade edilişi değildi; dünyadaki üç boyutlu şeylerin iki boyutlu benzerlerini yaratarak, özünde resme dayanıyordu.



B) The only option left appears to be to make the best possible use of our well-educated people, our top-class facilities, and our ability to turn knowledge into innovative services and products. C) The best option would be to let our well-educated people develop even further our top-class facilities and create even more innovative services and products. D) As our only option is to make the best possible use of our well-educated people and our topclass facilities, we should concentrate on developing innovative services and products. E) Ideally, we should have opted to use our welleducated people to make all our facilities topclass ones and create still more innovative services and products.



E) İlk yazı sisteminin, konuşma dilinin yerine geçen bir sistem olmadığı, ancak yeryüzündeki üç boyutlu nesneleri iki boyutta resimle yaratarak ifade eden bir sistem olduğu bilinmektedir.



39. – 41. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz.



41. İnternet bankacılığının güvenlik özelliklerinde gerçekleştirilen son zamanlardaki gelişmelerle, müşteriler evlerinden ya da ofislerinden İnternet aracılığı ile banka işlemlerini yapabilmektedirler.



39. Genel olarak, okur-yazarlık oranlarındaki artış düzeylerine rağmen, kadınlar hâlâ okuma yazma bilmeyen dünya nüfusunun yaklaşık üçte ikisini temsil etmektedirler.



A) Security features of the advanced Internet banking services give customers an opportunity to bank through the Internet either at home or at the office.



A) Despite the fact that the levels of literacy rates have increased in general, two-thirds of women still represent the illiterate population of the world. B) In spite of the increased levels of literacy around the world in general, women still account for twothirds of the world’s illiterate people. C) No matter what the general levels of increase in literacy rates are, it is still the women who represent almost two-thirds of the world’s illiterate population.



B) With recent improvements that have been made in the security features of Internet banking, customers can bank over the Internet from their homes or offices. C) It is due to the advanced security features of the Internet banking services that customers use the Internet to bank from their homes or offices. D) Internet banking services now have more advanced security features which help customers bank through the Internet at home or at the office.



D) However increased the levels of literacy rates may be, women, whose number still makes up nearly two-thirds of the world’s population, represent the illiterate portion.



E) Owing to security improvements in Internet banking services, which have recently been made, customers enjoy home or office banking through the Internet.



E) Despite levels of increase in literacy rates, generally, women still represent almost twothirds of the world’s illiterate population.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



41



A 2009-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 44. Here we are in this complicated world. We did not make it; but we find ourselves in it. We have to do our best to survive in it. ----. And we would like to improve those parts of it over which we have any control or influence.



42. – 46. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz. 42. Technical changes may influence employment in several ways. They may bring about a permanent reduction of the number of workers in certain occupations and increases in others. ----. The first of these is illustrated in the changes that have occurred in the number of workers in agriculture. The result of the development of mass production tools, on the other hand, has been a reduction of the labour needs of the industries using these tools.



A) We also hope to enjoy being alive in it with our fellows B) This, of course, is just another philosophical view C) We need to understand the world better D) Perhaps that would be to act in a rather selfish way E) In the first place, a better understanding of ourselves is essential



A) They may also produce temporary or permanent displacement of workers B) They may also require sharp increases in clerical occupations C) Another result may be a higher degree of flexibility in the skills D) It is also possible for workers to depend upon a regular cash income E) There may be a decrease in the production of goods as well



43. Probably everyone who makes an anthology finds that at some stage it begins to take its own shape, and that the final form was not foreseen. ----. He has then to consider the favourites of the public. Moreover friends may direct him to pieces he has missed.



45. The Renaissance, as both a period and a concept, continues to generate lively debate about its origins and influence on European culture and thought. ----. Any new evaluation of the historical significance of the Renaissance requires attention to these kinds of primary evidence. A) As the Renaissance slowly spread across Western Europe, each nation made its own distinctive contribution to the era B) Recent research has emphasized the need to look again at original texts, documents, and artefacts



A) Indeed, people often outgrow their favourite pieces B) No one has the same favourite poems



C) A glance at the history of the preceding centuries shows that after the dissolution of the Roman Empire, there was no possibility of any intellectual revival



C) His own favourites are his first choice D) Of course, some poems seem to be everybody’s favourites



D) The great achievements of the Renaissance were the discovery of the world and the discovery of man



E) There are only a handful of poems I would call favourites



E) The Italian Renaissance had placed human beings once more in the centre of life’s stage and infused thought and art with humanistic values



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



42



A 2009-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 46. If politics is defined broadly as competition for power over people and things, then it is clear that all societies have some sort of political system. ----. It may initially seem that some small-scale societies have no politicians or political organizations at all, but they are present though on a very small scale. A) Nevertheless, political roles are usually temporary and short term



47. – 51. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz. 47. Susan : - Hi, John! How are things going with you and your family? John : - Not very well. I’ve just lost my job and now all the financial responsibility is on my wife. We have bills that are due and I feel terrible about it.



th



B) In the early 20 century, anthropologists developed several useful systems for classifying societies



Susan : - I’m sorry to hear that, but surely your son is old enough to work.



C) Large-scale societies have many different continuing political offices D) All societies impose some degree of control on their citizens



John : - Actually, he has a good job, but he says he doesn’t get paid well and it is hard for him to help out.



E) However, there can be a vast difference in what political organizations look like and how they function in different kinds of societies



Susan : - ---A) Your son will always remember how you helped save and redirect him during this difficult time. B) You should withdraw your financial support from him. C) Parents are sometimes fearful of the unknown and different. D) But all the family members should work together in hard times. E)



So your expenses are piling up. Tell your wife to cut down on her expenditures.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



43



A 2009-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 49. Sally : - Do you know much about Hogarth?



48. Patricia : - I’m a bit worried about going abroad to work. Matthew : - Why? Isn’t that something you have always wanted to do?



Delia : - Not really. But I admire his pictures. They depict life in 18th-century London so vividly.



Patricia : - ----



Sally : - ----



Matthew : - Don’t worry so much about that. You’ll get used to new customs and traditions in no time.



Delia : - I certainly would.



A)



In fact, I’m worried that I may not be able to stay in touch with my friends here.



A)



I’m asking because there’s an exhibition of his work at the Tate Gallery. Would you like to go?



B)



They say he’s satiric. Is it possible for a painter to be satiric?



B) Not really, because it was my manager’s idea to send me.



C) Apparently some of his pictures form groups and tell a story.



C) Yes, and I’m worried that I may not be able to live on so little money.



D) Let’s go to see it together, shall we? E)



D) No, because I have already read a lot about the customs and traditions of the people there.



Perhaps we could go to an exhibition of his work.



E) Actually it is. But I’m worried that it will be difficult for me to adapt to the culture there.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



44



A 2009-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 51. Mrs. Simpson : - Researchers point out that preschool education has long-term effects over a child’s cognitive development.



50. Mary : - In our etymology class, the teacher explained that the English word lady derived from an Old English word, hlāfdige, which once meant “the woman who kneads dough.” She said that it later became “the chief female of the household,” and hence, the one least likely to deal with such chores.



Elizabeth : - ---Mrs. Simpson : - That’s right. This way they can develop problem solving and comprehension skills.



Mike : - Oh, really? I didn’t know that! What is “etymology” by the way?



Elizabeth : - I can understand now why most primary school teachers find it easier to teach such children.



Mary : - It is the study of the origin and history of words in a language. John : - ----



A) So, you mean that a child learns to share his toys with other children.



Mary: -That’s exactly right.



B) Then, quality preschool programs stimulate and nurture young minds. C) In other words, such a child can easily adapt to new social environments.



A) I’m surprised you don’t enjoy this class. B) Now I can understand how radically the social position of women has changed.



D) That means preschool education teaches a child how to be obedient and how to keep silent at school.



C) So, words may undergo changes both in form and meaning through time.



E)



That’s why children after preschool education get better at outdoor games.



D) Bread is no longer made at home today, is it? E)



This course wouldn’t suit me!



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



45



A 2009-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 52. – 56. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. 52. (I) Since the mid-1990s, China has seen unprecedented economic development and expansion. (II) Huge tracts of China are actually unsuitable for either agriculture or habitation. (III) The dramatic acceleration in the pace of social development has also been exceptional. (IV) But there has been a high price to pay for all of this. (V) In particular, the environment has suffered; it has become degraded and polluted. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



B) II



C) III



D) IV



A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



E) V



53. (I) Painting portraits can be one of the most dependable and profitable ways for an artist to make a living. (II) Portrait artists, however, have to accept that their best works may never be seen by the general public. (III) Most artists find it helpful to get to know a person before embarking on a portrait of them. (IV) Instead, they will hang in private homes to be viewed only by family members and their friends. (V) Portraits of official people make up the one big exception. A) I



55. (I) Some philosophers argue that the only real world is the world of the mind and the physical world is an illusion. (II) The converse idea is that the mind is ultimately a function of the brain. (III) The brain has physical properties that are in a constant state of flux. (IV) A frequent criticism of the latter position is that it robs humanity of its lofty, idealistic spirit. (V) One basic problem the mind-body dualists have is trying to figure out how the mind is connected to the body and vice versa.



56. (I) For most of the world, “Slumdog Millionaire” is this year’s winning film. (II) But in India, where it was filmed, it is viewed in a very different light. (III) There it is being harshly criticized for the way it presents Mumbai’s urban poor. (IV) The director of the film was determined to catch some of the spirit of Mumbai in his film because he found it such an exhilarating place to live. (V) Moreover, the use of “dog” in the title is a further cause for offence.



E) V



A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



54. (I) Calls on humanitarian aid have been on the increase for many years. (II) When there is a disaster, natural or otherwise, help is always required. (III) Help, however, is not always readily available. (IV) But it needs to be. (V) For a delay can mean the difference between life and death. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



46



A 2009-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 59. It is clear from the passage that, in Roman times, ----.



57. – 60. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Of the wealth of geographical and cartographical data remaining from the Eastern world and the Greeks, the Romans were interested only in those elements that best suited their essentially practical needs. They virtually abandoned the studies of cosmography and mathematical geography, preferring to devote maximum effort to land surveys carried out by specialized military corps of land surveyors. From their topographical surveys and on-the-spot reconnaissance of places and cities, they formulated their itineraria scripta, publications similar in many respects to our tourist guides, and their itineraria picta, a kind of road map on which they stressed only those topographical features of use to travellers.



A) the findings of land surveyors were carefully recorded B) the only scholarly works were itineria scriptia and itineria picta C) people travelled as little as possible as it could be very dangerous to do so D) the way of life was essentially a very selfish one E) there was no sense of community or of shared aims



57. From the information in the passage, we learn that ----. A) the scarcity of earlier information led the Romans to concentrate on all aspects of geography B) It was the Romans who first introduced cartography 60. The main idea that we get from the passage is that ----.



C) in pre-Roman times there was considerable interest in cartography D) the Romans were inspired by the topographical surveys of the Greeks



A) the detailed land surveys made in Roman times were largely for the benefit of the armies



E) the Romans ignored the cultural achievements of earlier times



B) Greece and the East made far greater contributions to civilization than ever the Romans did C) though the Romans made little use of the achievements of Greece and the East, their own contributions to the world were great



58. According to the passage, the Romans ----. A) were great travellers and loved to explore unknown places



D) the actual investigation of places and cities is far more valuable than any amount of theoretical supposition



B) greatly admired the work of mathematicians in the East



E) the contribution of the Romans to the progress of history has been greatly under-rated



C) produced extremely detailed maps of large parts of the country D) were only interested in the topography of the country from a military point of view E) were essentially practical people and not interested in theoretical concepts



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



47



A 2009-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 63. According to the passage, once the Languedoc canal was finished ----.



61. – 64. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) the scope of civil engineering was re-assessed The greatest feat of civil engineering since Roman times was the French achievement between 1666 and 1681 of the Languedoc canal to link the Mediterranean Sea with the Atlantic Ocean. It was conceived of by King Francis I and discussed by him with Leonardo da Vinci. It was first surveyed in 1539. As a result of the civil and religious disorders in France, however, nothing happened until 1661 when Pierre Riquet worked out a scheme for supplying enough water to the summit of the canal. Jean Colbert secured the interest of the young King Louis XIV, and in 1666 the work started. The whole canal was 150 miles long with 102 locks, a tunnel, and 3 aqueducts. It evoked world admiration, and was the prototype of all future European grand canal designs even though its usefulness to France was quickly nullified by the rapidly increasing size of ocean-going ships.



B) better systems of construction were put forward C) problems connected with the locks began to emerge D) plans to build canals in other parts of the world were soon changed E) the whole world was filled with admiration for it



61. It can be understood from the passage that ----. A) the construction of the canal was first started by Leonardo da Vinci B) the Languedoc canal was, for more than a century, no more than a project



64. The passage makes it obvious that ----.



C) the earliest proposal for the Languedoc canal dates back to at least Roman times



A) Louis XlV himself contributed usefully to the design of the canal



D) King Francis I was opposed to Leonardo da Vinci’s plans for the Languedoc canal



B) it would not have been possible to have constructed the Languedoc canal in the time of Leonardo da Vinci



E) by the time the canal was finished, there was nothing very remarkable about it



C) the building of the Languedoc canal posed a great many challenges D) the design of the Languedoc canal was not as original as has often been suggested



62. It is clear from the passage that ----.



E) it was the interest that Leonardo da Vinci showed in the project that made possible the construction of the Languedoc canal



A) the upkeep of the canal would be expensive B) the Languedoc canal would not make those who build it rich C) as ocean-going ships increased in size, the usefulness of the Languedoc canal declined D) the site of the Languedoc canal was ill-chosen E) many supported the building of the canal as there was such a great need for it



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



48



A 2009-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 66. According to the passage, it was during the Neolithic Age that ----.



65. – 68. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Pottery was one of man’s first artefacts. It is the presence of pottery, rather than of the polished stone, that marks the passage from the Mesolithic to the Neolithic Ages, when agricultural peoples settled both in the Mediterranean area and in the Middle East. It is commonly believed that the earliest pottery receptacles copied those of other materials, such as gourds or baskets. From the fingerprints on them, it is possible to deduce that they were made principally by women. Originally, any decoration was indented; that is, patterns were pressed into the soft clay, and it remained so for a long period until new situations, at different times in different parts of the world, produced painted decoration. As a widespread form of culture, permanently bearing in its shapes and decoration the character of individual periods and peoples, the finding of pottery has been of supreme importance to the archaeologist.



A) agricultural peoples began to settle in the Middle East and along the Mediterranean B) coloured stones were frequently collected and polished C) people first recognized the need for containers and began to make baskets and use gourds to carry water D) painted decoration of pottery gave way to decoration by indentation E) pottery making spread from the Middle East to other parts of the world



67. It is made clear in the passage that early examples of pottery ----. A) were probably intended for holding water and other liquids B) were almost invariably made by men



65. One can understand from the passage that ----.



C) served no practical purpose at all



A) pottery production gave rise to agricultural development in the Middle East



D) were made in known shapes like those of baskets



B) pottery production achieved technical perfection in the Mesolithic age



E) tell us nothing at all about the people who made them



C) the pottery of the Mesolithic Age is indistinguishable from that of the Neolithic Age D) pottery can be used to trace development in early human civilizations E) the Neolithic Ages in the Mediterranean area are largely characterized by the use of polished stone



68. As is pointed out in the passage, pottery is of great importance to archaeologists largely because ----. A) it has considerable artistic beauty B) the fingerprints of the makers are preserved in them C) it preserves the character of individual periods D) it is more durable than other artefacts E) it is the very first artefact ever to be made by man



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



49



A 2009-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 70. The passage makes it quite clear that Charlie Chaplin ----.



69. – 72. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Charlie Chaplin, who was born in Britain but spent most of his life in the United States, is one of the pivotal figures in film history. He is especially remembered for his work in the silent movies. Chaplin knew that a successful scene was not simply about the starring actor, but about everything else. The only way to achieve that unity was to get personally involved in every stage of the film; from starring in his films to producing, directing, editing them, and even to composing the music for them. It was not uncommon for him to decide half-way through a film that an actor wasn’t suitable for a certain role, and start over with someone new. This constant attention to detail ran many features overtime and over-budget, but the public reaction assured him and the studios that what he was doing worked. Chaplin typically improvised his story in front of the camera with only a basic framework of a script. But on consideration, his art turned out to be firmly rooted, and could be seen, for example, to draw much of its strength from his successful fusion of English and American cultures and traditions.



A) began his career as an actor but soon turned to directing films instead B) much preferred America and American culture to Britain and British culture C) is a major figure in the history of film-making D) was eager to please those he worked with E) appealed more to American audiences than to British ones



71. It is clear from the passage that the film studios ----. A) were taken in by Chaplin’s charm and let him have his own way all the time B) played a leading role in the making of Chaplin’s films C) liked to work with Chaplin because he never interfered with what they were doing D) had to work on a very tight budget E) were content to work with Chaplin as they felt success was guaranteed



69. As is pointed out in the passage the success of Chaplin’s films was largely due to ----. A) his own remarkable acting abilities B) the control he exercised on every aspect of a film C) the detailed scripts prepared for each film 72. The passage as a whole explains ----.



D) the professional skills of the studios that made them



A) why Charlie Chaplin was so successful in the film industry



E) the fact that Chaplin liked to improvise new scenes in front of the cameras



B) the background factors contributing to Charlie Chaplin’s success C) how Charlie Chaplin contributed to the development of the film industry D) the differences between the film industry then and now E) what goes into the making of a star



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



50



A 2009-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 74. According to the passage, the Chippendale style of furniture was widely copied ----.



73. – 76. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. The most important influence on the style of English furniture was that of the Chippendale family. Chippendale furniture is the creation of Thomas Chippendale, a London-based cabinet-maker. His Gentleman and Cabinet-Maker’s Director, a folio of furniture designs, was published in 1754 and had a wide circulation. Chippendale himself never marked his creations, making it harder today for collectors to locate original pieces. One of the best ways to find original Chippendale furniture is to look for uneven joints and tool marks, as the furniture was made entirely by hand and does not have the perfect angles of a mass-produced product. Though an article of furniture made in Chippendale’s manner may bear his name, it is by no means an indication that it was actually made in his workshop. The 18th century was a time when artisans were beginning to exploit various styles, leading to widespread adoption of his name in revivals of his style, so much so that dealers spoke of “Chinese Chippendale”, “Gothic Chippendale”, and even “Irish Chippendale”. Many of these later designs that attach his name bear little relationship to his original concepts.



A) but only the Irish Chippendale gained much popularity B) but many of the later designs that carry his name bear little resemblance to the original Chippendale C) especially by London-based cabinet makers D) but the copies can easily be distinguished from the original pieces E) but only by second-rate cabinet makers



75. It is pointed out in the passage that the Chippendale family ----. A) exerted an enormous influence on the style of English furniture B) worked as cabinet makers for very many generations C) influenced furniture and design for over a century D) was more interested in furniture design than in the making of it E) made a name for themselves with the publication of a folio of furniture designs



73. It is clear from the passage that all genuine Chippendale furniture ----. A) is catalogued in the Gentleman and CabinetMaker’s Director B) has a special Chippendale mark on it C) has been bought up by collectors



76. In this passage, ----.



D) was made by hand, and this is especially apparent in the joints



A) the role of the Chippendale family in shaping 18th-century taste is discussed



E) has been reproduced by mass-production techniques



B) the Chippendale style of furniture is described in detail C) we learn something about genuine Chippendale furniture and copies of it D) the change in furniture styles from the mid-18th century to the present day is outlined E) advantages of hand-made furniture over massproduced furniture are discussed



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



51



A 2009-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 79. It is pointed out in the passage that fashion ----.



77. – 80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) and necessity have fought for the control of urban development



Although most cities seem to form by accident, for thousands of years some of them have been designed. Whether for defence, beauty, or practicality, urban designers have imposed their ideas of what a city should be about. But ideas are subject to changing needs and fashions. Centuries ago, a moat or a castellated wall would have been essential. Now, greenery is in vogue. While existing cities look for ways of becoming more environmentally friendly, a number of new ones are planned that intend to be totally green. One of these is Masdar. Masdar’s advertising states that “one day, all cities will be built like this.” This is not the case. For one thing, Masdar is experimental and a work in progress. What emerges will not necessarily translate well elsewhere. Each green city is unique, and getting it to work depends on its location and economy.



B) has often had a role to play in urban development C) may have encouraged the building of beautiful cities, but not of practical ones D) will soon dictate that all cities will be built in the style of Masdar E) is always changing so the style of Masdar will inevitably give way to other styles



77. One point emphasized in this passage by the writer is that ----. A) cities that look attractive are not always well designed B) each green city must be individually designed



80. It is clear from the passage that the city of Masdar ----.



C) a primary consideration throughout the ages has been to design cities that can withstand attack



A) follows a design suitable to all locations



D) an established city cannot easily or economically, be modernized



B) will be the prototype of all green cities



E) all our cities must be turned into green cities



C) will be constructed strictly in accordance with the design D) has been designed and is being built to be a green city E) will not turn out to be totally environmentally friendly



78. According to the passage, cities, until recently ----. A) have usually come into being quite naturally and of their own accord B) have only undergone carefully-designed change when large parts have been destroyed C) have boasted beautiful buildings, but poor infrastructure



TEST BİTTİ.



D) grew very slowly, if at all



CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.



E) were built to house workers, and their comfort was scarcely taken into consideration



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



52



ÜNİVERSİTELERARASI KURUL YABANCI DİL SINAVI (ÜDS) 22 MART 2009



İNGİLİZCE SOSYAL BİLİMLERİ TESTİ CEVAP ANAHTARI A KİTAPÇIĞI



1. B



21. D



41. B



61. B



2. D



22. E



42. A



62. C



3. C



23. C



43. C



63. E



4. A



24. B



44. A



64. C



5. C



25. A



45. B



65. D



6. E



26. C



46. E



66. A



7. A



27. D



47. D



67. D



8. B



28. E



48. E



68. C



9. C



29. D



49. A



69. B



10. A



30. A



50. C



70. C



11. D



31. B



51. B



71. E



12. E



32. D



52. B



72. A



13. D



33. A



53. C



73. D



14. C



34. C



54. A



74. B



15. B



35. E



55. C



75. A



16. C



36. C



56. D



76. C



17. A



37. E



57. C



77. B



18. B



38. D



58. E



78. A



19. E



39. E



59. A



79. B



20. C



40. A



60. İPTAL



80. D



2010 – KPDS Sonbahar / İNGİLİZCE 5. Often thought of as the smallest unit of living organisms, a cell is ---- of many even smaller parts, each with its own function.



1. – 15. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



A) broken down B) made up 1. Skin has a rich blood supply that delivers oxygen to all its ----. A) symptoms



B) shifts



D) layers



D) taken after



E) turned up



C) nutrients E) supplements



6. To the astronomers of the Middle Ages, the most important classical authorities on natural philosophy ---- Aristotle and Ptolemy, since both ---- frameworks that explained the whole universe.



2. Through the ages, drugs have been enormously ---- in relieving suffering and in preventing and treating diseases. A) current



C) run out



B) persistent D) excessive



C) beneficial



E) profound



A) had been / created



B) are / have created



C) were / had created



D) have been / create



E) may have been / were creating



3. The average life expectancy has increased ---- in most developed countries, especially in the United States. A) severely



B) appropriately



D) accurately



C) defectively 7. Though warfare ---- a characteristic feature of international relations in the Late Bronze Age, the most powerful states of the time in the Mediterranean basin ---- a balance of power that stabilized trade and diplomacy.



E) dramatically



A) had remained / were creating B) remained / created C) has remained / would have created D) remains / had created 4. To achieve and ---- fitness, a person needs to exercise only 30 minutes three times a week. A) maintain



B) determine



D) demonstrate



E) must have remained / have created



C) include



E) train



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



1



2010 – KPDS Sonbahar / İNGİLİZCE 12. Much of the immune system’s machinery is geared towards killing or eliminating invading microbes ---- they have been recognized.



8. Although their responses ---- as obvious as those of animals, plants ---- the capacity to respond to light, gravity, water, touch, and other stimuli.



A) once



A) may not be / have



B) although D) in case



B) have not been / had



C) even if



E) whereby



C) were not / have had D) had not been / are having E)



would not be / would have had



13. The structures around the eye protect it ---allowing it to move freely in all directions. A) since



D) because



9. Homer ---- the Byzantines was simultaneously a literary model, an instructional textbook, and a guide ---- personal morality and wisdom. A) into / within



B) through / around



C) down / before



D) after / above



B) while



C) even though E) whereas



E) for / to 14. The age at which puberty begins seems to be influenced by a child’s general health and nutrition ---- by socioeconomic and hereditary factors. A) also 10. From the mid-fifteenth century ----, Lisbon began to emerge as a significant market ---- slavery. A) up / about



B) away / in



D) on / of



B) so long as D) both



C) as well as



E) either



C) out / round



E) over / at



15. The solar calendar the Egyptians developed was ---- accurate and sophisticated than the Mesopotamian lunar calendar. 11. ---- the causes of alcoholism are various, alcohol use is a major factor. A) When



B) Although D) If



A) the most D) more



C) Just as



B) most



C) the more E) as



E) Whether



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



2



2010 – KPDS Sonbahar / İNGİLİZCE 16. – 20. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



21. – 25. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



We must not (16) ---- the element of pleasure and enjoyment which comes from the reading of literature. This is surely itself one of the great benefits which (17) ---- from being an educated person. But, over and above that, let us recognize (18) ---- certain other fundamental skills and capacities are developed (19) ---- the reading of literature, which are important to us all as educated people, (20) ---- in our private pleasures or our personal philosophies, but also in the day-to-day exercise of our responsibilities.



(21) ---- all the political ideologies of the early nineteenth century, nationalism is the most difficult to grasp. Its (22) ---- are elusive. What, exactly, counted as a nation? Who demanded a nation, and what did their demand mean? In the early nineteenth century, nationalism was usually aligned with liberalism. (23) ---- the century progressed, (24) ----, it became increasingly clear that nationalism (25) ---- to fit any doctrine.



21. 16.



A) By A) subside



B) assert



D) witness



C) interpret



B) About



C) From



D) For



E) Of



E) underestimate



22.



17. A) had come



B) comes



C) would have come



D) came



A) credentials



B) comments



D) subsidies



C) premises



E) amendments



E) was coming



23. A) As



18. A) so that



B) in case D) that



B) Because D) If



C) just as



C) Even if



E) Whether



E) although



24. A) furthermore



19. A) at



B) in D) over



B) however



D) therefore



C) through



C) moreover



E) so



E) to



25. 20. A) not only D) more



B) either



C) both E) as well as



A) defined



B) has been defined



C) is defined



D) could be defined E) defines



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



3



2010 – KPDS Sonbahar / İNGİLİZCE 28. ---- that space and motion are relative to each other instead of being absolute.



26. – 35. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.



A) As early as 1905 Einstein became convinced of the equivalence of mass and energy



26. During the early decades of the Industrial Revolution, ----, while in France it was checked not only by government interference but also by the bounty of its sources.



B) Einstein’s most famous theory, the principle of relativity, states



A) it took nearly a fortnight to travel from London to Edinburgh



C) By 1915 Einstein had proposed entirely new ways of thinking about matter, time, and gravity



B) textiles made up over 50 per cent of Britain’s exports



D) Einstein’s theories paved the way for revolutionary developments in physics



C) the steam engine, invented by James Watt, supplied continuous and reliable power



E) Einstein devoted much of his life to promoting peace and social justice



D) technology in Britain was developed by new industrial requirements E) Britain had a transport network without parallel in Europe



29. ---- whether it is a work of high quality or just a worthless piece of writing.



27. According to Marx’s theory of history, when the French Revolution overthrew the old order, ushering in bourgeois political power and industrial capitalism, ----.



A) Today in Europe and America, there is a tremendous outpouring of printed books from the publishers



A) the stage of feudal or aristocratic property relations ended



B) The appreciation of literature is surely concerned with judgement of complete works



B) world history had passed through three major stages, each characterized by conflict between social groups



C) The majority of works of literature are lengthy novels, plays, and poems



C) the revolutionary character of capitalism would undermine the bourgeois economic order



D) Experienced literary critics can tell with some certainty from just the first paragraph of a novel



D) recurring economic crises would bring capitalism to collapse



E) The English language has resources which enable us to express thoughts in different ways



E) each individual best understood his or her own interests and was therefore left free



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



4



2010 – KPDS Sonbahar / İNGİLİZCE 30. ----, but the two forms of writing are so unlike each other that they probably developed independently.



32. Mozart, who was one of the leading representatives of the “Classical” style in music, was only thirty-five ----.



A) Some historical linguists have postulated that early Egyptian might represent the survival of a root language



A) because the Church continued to provide support for music B) as opera flourished in the eighteenth century



B) Among the many facets of Egyptian culture that have fascinated archaeologists is the Egyptian system of pictographic writing



C) when he died of rheumatic fever D) even though Bach was certainly the greatest composer of Baroque music



C) The photographic nature of Egyptian hieroglyphics may indicate an early influence from the Sumerian cuneiform script



E) just as Rousseau composed music and wrote an opera



D) Contrary to the Sumerian cuneiform script, Egyptian hieroglyphics never evolved very far towards a system of phonograms E) As in Sumer, writing technology quickly became an important tool for Egyptian government and administration



31. Medieval scholars knew as Roman authors only Virgil, Ovid, and Cicero, ----.



33. ----, infectious disease continued to kill half of all Europeans before they reached the age of twenty.



A) but during the Renaissance the works of others such as Livy, Tacitus, and Lucretius were rediscovered and made familiar



A) Although famines became less common and less widespread in Europe in the eighteenth century B) Unless the total number of urban dwellers across Europe as a whole did not change markedly between 1600 and 1800



B) whether Greek scientific and philosophical writings became available to Westerners in Latin translations through Islam



C) Because improved sanitation, together with a better diet, may have played some role in the rise of Europe’s population in the 1820s



C) because Renaissance thinkers not only knew many more classical texts but they also used them in new ways



D) Since Naples went from a population of 300.000 in 1600 to nearly half a million by the late eighteenth century



D) whereby Renaissance writers were more aware of the conceptual and chronological gap that separated their world from that of their classical sources



E) Just as many of the million or so men and women employed in the textile trade in northern France in the seventeenth century lived in cities



E) since Renaissance humanism was a programme of studies that aimed to replace medieval scholastic emphasis on logic and metaphysics



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



5



2010 – KPDS Sonbahar / İNGİLİZCE 34. In his famous work Novum Organum, Francis Bacon emphasized that natural science could not advance ----.



36. – 40. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz.



A) so that this could mean gaining knowledge of nature through the senses



36. The Romantic movement in the arts, inspired in part by the American and French revolutions, emerged towards the end of the eighteenth century.



B) whether the knowledge of ancient authorities was the best guide to truth



A) Onsekizinci yüzyılın sonuna doğru ortaya çıkan Romantik akım, esas itibariyle Amerikan ve Fransız devrimlerinden kaynaklanarak sanatta gelişmiştir.



C) if knowledge was best gained through cooperation among researchers D) unless it cast off the inherited errors of the past



B) Sanatta Romantik akım, kısmen Amerikan ve Fransız devrimlerinden esinlenmiş olup, onsekizinci yüzyılın sonuna doğru ortaya çıkmıştır.



E) whereby he left a deep mark on the development of modern science



C) Romantik akımın sanatta ortaya çıkışı, Amerikan ve Fransız devrimlerinden güç alarak, onsekizinci yüzyılın sonuna doğru olmuştur. D) Sanatta oluşan Romantik akım, onsekizinci yüzyılın sonuna doğru ortaya çıkarak, tamamen Amerikan ve Fransız devrimlerine dayanmıştır. E) Bir bakıma Amerikan ve Fransız devrimlerine dayanan Romantik akım, onsekizinci yüzyılın sonuna doğru öncelikle sanatta görülmüştür.



37. Many of the concepts, terms, and issues related to social classes are also used in Marxist criticism, which stems from the works of the nineteenth-century German philosopher Karl Marx.



35. In the mid-1930s, ----, unemployment dropped from over 6 million to under two hundred thousand.



A) Marxist eleştiri, ondokuzuncu yüzyıl Alman filozofu Karl Marx’ın eserlerine dayanmakta olup, toplumsal sınıflara ilişkin bir çok kavram, terim ve konuyu içerir.



A) if Hitler was to maintain power and enjoy a sizeable amount of popular support B) so long as Hitler promised to lead Germany back to national greatness



B) Toplumsal sınıflara ilişkin olarak kullanılan çeşitli kavramlar, terimler ve konular, ondokuzuncu yüzyıl Alman filozofu Karl Marx’ın eserlerine dayanan Marxist eleştiri ile örtüşmektedir.



C) as the Nazis built the entire German military infrastructure



C) Ondokuzuncu yüzyıl Alman filozofu Karl Marx’ın eserlerinden ortaya çıkan Marxist eleştiri, toplumsal sınıflara ilişkin kullanılan çoğu kavram, terim ve konunun temelini oluşturur.



D) unless Hitler’s plans for national recovery called for full-scale rearmament E) since Hitler, like Mussolini, moved to abolish class conflict in Germany



D) Toplumsal sınıflara ilişkin pek çok kavram, terim ve konu, ondokuzuncu yüzyıl Alman filozofu Karl Marx’ın eserlerinden kaynaklanan Marxist eleştiride de kullanılmaktadır. E) Toplumsal sınıfları tanımlamada kullanılan değişik kavram, terim ve konular, ondokuzuncu yüzyıl Alman filozofu Karl Marx’ın çalışmalarından esinlenen Marxist eleştirinin kapsamını belirler. Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



6



2010 – KPDS Sonbahar / İNGİLİZCE 38. Although Plato loves Homer and regularly cites from his epics, he insists on the censorship of those passages that represent morally controversial behaviour.



39. Politics and economics were primary concerns of writers and intellectuals in America during the 1930s, because the stock market crash in October 1929 had precipitated a total collapse in the economy.



A) Platon, Homeros’u sevmesine ve onun destanlarından düzenli olarak alıntılar yapmasına rağmen, ahlâkî bakımdan tartışmalı davranışları yansıtan bölümlerin sansür edilmesinde ısrar eder.



A) Ekim 1929’da borsa yere çakılınca, ekonomide tam bir çöküş yaşandı ve bu nedenle, siyaset ve iktisat, 1930’larda Amerika’da yazar ve aydınların en başta gelen ilgi alanları idi.



B) Homeros’u seven Platon, onun destanlarına sürekli atıfta bulunsa da ahlâkî anlamda zararlı davranışları tasvir eden bölümlerin sansür edilmesi için çok çaba göstermiştir.



B) Ekim 1929’da borsanın yere çakılması sonucu, ekonomi tam bir çöküş yaşadığı için, 1930’lar boyunca Amerika’da yazar ve aydınların en çok üzerinde durduğu konular, siyaset ve iktisattı.



C) Platon, bir yandan Homeros’u sevmiş, bir yandan da onun destanlarındaki ahlâka aykırı davranışları içeren bölümlere işaret ederek, bunların sansür edilmesi için sürekli talepte bulunmuştur.



C) Siyaset ve iktisat, 1930’larda Amerika’da yazarların ve aydınların öncelikli konuları idi, çünkü borsanın Ekim 1929’da yere çakılması, ekonomide tam bir çöküşe yol açmıştı. D) 1930’lu yıllarda Amerika’da yazar ve aydınların en çok ilgilendiği konular siyaset ve iktisat oldu, çünkü borsa Ekim 1929’da yere çakılmış ve dolayısıyla ekonomi tamamen çökmüştü.



D) Homeros’u sevmiş olmasına rağmen, Platon, onun destanlarındaki ahlâkî bakımdan kabul edilemez bölümleri eleştirerek, bunların sansür edilmesi gerektiğini vurgular.



E) Ekim 1929’da borsa tamamen yere çakılınca, ekonomide görülmemiş bir çöküş olmuş ve bu nedenle siyaset ve iktisat, 1930’lu yıllarda Amerika’da yazar ve aydınlarca en çok ele alınan konular arasında olmuştur.



E) Platon, Homeros’u sevmiş olsa bile, onun destanlarını sürekli eleştirerek, ahlâka aykırı davranışları öne çıkaran bölümlerin tamamen sansür edilmesinin şart olduğunu ileri sürer.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



7



2010 – KPDS Sonbahar / İNGİLİZCE 40. The amount and severity of global warming depend on how much greenhouse gas we add to the atmosphere.



41. – 45. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz.



A) Atmosfere ne kadar sera gazı ilâve edersek, buna bağlı olarak, küresel ısınmanın miktarı ve yoğunluğu değişir.



41. Su ve binaları ısıtmak ve elektrik üretmek için kullanılabilen güneş enerjisi, tükenmez bir kaynaktır ve fosil yakıtlarından daha az çevre sorunlarına neden olur.



B) Küresel ısınmanın miktarı ve şiddeti, atmosfere ne kadar sera gazı ilâve ettiğimize bağlıdır.



A) Compared with fossil fuels, solar energy causes a few environmental problems, but it is an inexhaustible source that can be used for the heating of water and buildings and also to generate electricity.



C) Küresel ısınmanın miktarına ve şiddetine bağlı olarak, atmosfere ne kadar sera gazı ilâve ettiğimiz anlaşılabilir. D) Atmosfere ilâve ettiğimiz sera gazının ne miktarda olduğu, küresel ısınmanın miktar ve yoğunluğuna bağlıdır.



B) As an inexhaustible source, solar energy, which can be used for the generation of electricity and also for the heating of water as well as buildings, has fewer environmental problems than do fosil fuels.



E) Atmosfere ne ölçüde sera gazı ilâve ettiğimize bağlı olarak, küresel ısınmanın miktarı ve şiddeti anlaşılır.



C) Solar energy, which can be used to heat water and buildings and generate electricity, is an inexhaustible source and causes fewer environmental problems than do fosil fuels. D) Although solar energy has much fewer environmental problems than do fosil fuels, it is indeed an inexhaustible source that can be used to heat water and buildings and generate electricity. E) Solar energy is so inexhaustible a source that, since it causes fewer environmental problems than do fosil fuels, it can be used to heat water and buildings and generate plenty of electricity.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



8



2010 – KPDS Sonbahar / İNGİLİZCE 42. Atmosferde karbon dioksit ve diğer sera gazlarının artışı, önümüzdeki yıllarda olabilecek çok daha ciddî bir küresel ısınma hakkında kaygılara neden olmaktadır.



44. Dünyadaki yağmur ormanları, özellikle Amazon ve Kongo Irmağı havzalarında olanlar, insanlık tarihinde görülmemiş bir hızla yok edilmekte ve yakılmaktadır.



A) As carbon dioxide and various other greenhouse gases increase in the atmosphere, there are serious concerns that a major global warming will happen in the near future.



A) In the world today, especially the rain forests of the Amazon and Congo River basins have been destroyed and burned to the extent that there is no precedence in human history.



B) The increase of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are causing concerns about a much more serious global warming that may occur in the years ahead.



B) Rain forests in the world, particularly those in the Amazon and Congo River basins, are being destroyed and burned at a rate unprecedented in human history. C) In human history, there has never been so much destruction and burning of rain forests as can be seen in the Amazon and Congo River basins.



C) Because of the increase of carbon dioxide and various other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, a great deal of serious concern is expressed about a major global warming that may happen in a few years.



D) The world’s rain forests, including those in the Amazon and Congo River basins, have been destroyed and burned so extensively that there is no other example of it in human history.



D) There are many concerns that a very serious global warming will occur in the years ahead owing to the increased carbon dioxide and various other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.



E) Human history does not record the kind of destruction and burning that the world’s rain forests, especially those in the Amazon and Congo River basins, have undergone so far.



E) Since carbon dioxide and many other greenhouse gases have increased in the atmosphere, there is a great deal of serious concern about the possibility of a major global warming in the near future.



45. Gezegenimizdeki yaşam tarihi hakkında bildiklerimizin çoğunu, bize, jeolojik kanıtlar, özellikle fosil kayıtları sağlamaktadır.



43. Sel ve yüksek dalgalara yol açmış olan tropikal fırtınalardan dolayı, 1970’den bu yana, Bangladeş’te en az 300.000 insan ölmüştür.



A) Fossil records as well as other geological evidence provide us with all the knowledge we have of the history of life on the planet.



A) Tropical storms, causing flooding and high waves, have killed up to 300.000 people in Bangladesh since 1970.



B) It is through geological evidence, mostly by fossil records, that we have come to know the history of life on our planet.



B) Up to 300.000 people have died in Bangladesh since 1970, as tropical storms have caused much flooding and high waves.



C) Our knowledge of the history of life on this planet is completely based on geological evidence, especially on fossil records.



C) In Bangladesh after 1970, more or less 300.000 people have been killed because of the flooding and high waves caused by tropical storms.



D) Much of what we know about the history of life on our planet is provided to us by geological evidence, in particular fossil records.



D) The death of about 300.000 people in Bangladesh after 1970 has been caused by tropical storms that have led to flooding and high waves.



E) The history of life on our planet can best be understood through our study of fossil records and other kinds of geological evidence.



E) Since 1970, at least 300.000 people have died in Bangladesh due to tropical storms that have caused flooding and high waves.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



9



2010 – KPDS Sonbahar / İNGİLİZCE 46. – 51. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz. 46. The cell theory, one of the fundamental unifying concepts of biology, states that all living organisms are composed of basic units called “cells” and of substances produced by cells. Although they vary greatly in size and appearance, all organisms are composed of those small building blocks. Some of the simplest life forms, such as bacteria, are unicellular: they consist of a single cell. ---- In these complex multicellular organisms, life processes depend on the coordinated functions of the component cells. A) Although plants do not move about in the way we associate with animals, they do move.



48. From about 1300 until about the middle of the fifteenth century, disasters struck throughout western Europe with appalling severity and dismaying persistence. ---- Then came the most terrible natural disaster of all: the dreadful plague known as “the Black Death.” It reduced the total population of western Europe by at least one half and caused great hardships for most of the survivors. A) Europe emerged in the later fifteenth century with a healthier economy. B) Of these disasters, famine was the most widespread and persistent. C) There was a limit to the amount of land that could be cleared for farming. D) Overcrowding made Europe’s cities particularly vulnerable to the plague.



B) One of the remarkable aspects of the growth process is that each part of the organism continues to function as it grows.



E) Large-scale banking had already emerged during the thirteenth century.



C) Humans and many other organisms begin life as a fertilized egg, which then grows and develops specialized structures and body form. 49. In 1915 the German scientist Alfred Wegener, who had noted a similarity between the geographical shapes of South America and Africa, proposed that all the land masses had at one time been joined into one huge supercontinent. He called this supercontinent “Pangea.” ---- Wegener did not know of any mechanism that could have caused continental drift. So his idea, although debated initially, was largely ignored.



D) In contrast, the body of a human or an animal or a tree is made of billions of cells. E) Energy is required to maintain the precise order that characterizes living systems.



47. Gregor Mendel was not the first plant breeder. At the time he began his work, hybrid plants and animals had been known for a long time. Mendel’s genius lay in his ability to recognize a pattern in the way the parental traits reappear in the offspring of hybrids. ----



A) He further suggested that Pangea had subsequently broken apart and that various land masses had separated in a process known as “continental drift.”



A) It is true that Mendel was a clergyman who bred pea plants in his monastery garden at Brno, Czech Republic.



B) Earth’s crust is composed of seven large plates, plus a few smaller ones, that float on the mantle which is the solid layer of Earth lying beneath the crust and above the core.



B) Therefore, at that time biology was largely a descriptive science, and biologists had little interest in experimental studies. C) So it is clear that Mendel’s “hereditary factors” are essentially what we call “genes” today, which is one of the major subjects of modern biology. D) In fact, geneticists study not only the transmission of genes, but also the expression of genetic information. E) No one before him had categorized and counted the offspring and analyzed these regular patterns over several generations.



C) As the plates move, the continents change their relative positions, and this movement of the crustal plates is termed “plate tectonics.” D) When two plates grind together, one of them is sometimes buried under the other in a process known as “subduction.” E) As the continents began to drift apart, populations became geographically isolated in different environmental conditions and began to diverge along separate evolutionary pathways.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



10



2010 – KPDS Sonbahar / İNGİLİZCE 50. The economic depression of the 1930s forced many writers to re-examine the style and purpose of their work. Among threats of economic devastation, totalitarianism, and war, literature became increasingly politicized. Authors were largely interested in the depiction of injustice and cruelty and felt obliged to point the way to a better society. ---A) In his great poem The Waste Land the AngloAmerican poet T.S. Eliot presented a philosophy that was close to despair.



51. The development of genetic engineering has stemmed from the discovery of DNA in the 1950s. By the 1990s, several laboratories in the West were engaged in the most ambitious medical research ever attempted: the mapping of the human genome, that is, the entire architecture of chromosomes and genes contained in basic human DNA. ---- For instance, infertile couples could now conceive through out-of-body medical procedures. A) As a new form of knowledge in an age of global interconnection, genetic engineering has forced many nations to make changes in their laws and regulations concerning medical practices.



B) In his novel The Sun Also Rises, Hemingway gave the public a powerful description of the socalled “lost generation”.



B) In Africa, Latin America, and elsewhere, political chaos, imbalances of trade, and the practices of some pharmaceutical companies have often resulted in shortages of medicine.



C) Moreover, they no longer directed their work to fellow intellectuals alone, but to ordinary men and women as well. D) Furthermore, Virginia Woolf’s essays and novels offered an eloquent and severe critique of Britain’s institutions and universities.



C) As AIDS became a global health crisis in the 1980s, international organizations recognized the need for an early, swift, and comprehensive response to future outbreaks of disease.



E) As for Bertolt Brecht, he rebelled against high culture and bourgeois values, but he also protested against the pretentious elitism of his contemporaries.



D) Through this process and alongside it, genetic engineers developed methods to alter the biology of living things, including humans. E) Moreover, genetically engineered human growth hormone is required by some children to overcome growth deficiencies.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



11



2010 – KPDS Sonbahar / İNGİLİZCE 54. As an eminent scholar in political science, you have been asked by the organizing committee of an international conference to be one of their plenary speakers. You are pleased with the invitation and wish to express your thanks to the committee for honouring you. You say:



52. – 57. sorularda, verilen durumda söylenmiş olabilecek sözü bulunuz. 52. An old friend of yours, whom you haven’t seen for years, wishes to see you as soon as possible and, on the telephone, asks for an appointment. Since you will be away for a few days for a conference, you wonder whether an appointment sometime next week will be alright for him. As you will also be very pleased to see him after such a long time, you say to him politely:



A) You have been very kind indeed to consider me as a plenary speaker. Unless something unexpected comes up, I will attend the conference.



A) Unfortunately, I won’t be here for a week as I will be attending a conference abroad. Besides, I can’t remember you well. Anyway, come next week to see me. B) Actually I am extremely busy. Besides, there is a conference I have to attend. I suggest we meet sometime later next week. Sorry, not earlier. C) I am going away for a conference. How nice of you to call me! Will it be convenient for you if we meet sometime next week? After so many years, I will indeed be most delighted to see you again D) After so many years, I hardly remember you. If you feel that you have to see me, you have to wait until next weekend because I am going away for a conference. E) You should have called me earlier as I am going away for a conference. Can you come next week? It has been a long time since I saw you last.



B) In view of my publications and senior position, I think I deserve such an invitation. I will get to work right away. C) Your invitation has come at the right time as I have been doing research on a subject that best suits your conference. D) Actually I was expecting to receive an invitation from your committee. It will be a wonderful opportunity for me to address your distinguished audience. E) Let me say how glad I am for the invitation you have extended to me. I really feel privileged to speak at the plenary session. I am grateful to you all.



55. One of your colleagues has been promoted to associate professor. As you have always been very impressed by the academic quality of his work, you think that he fully deserves the promotion. So you say to him: A) My congratulations on your promotion, which I knew you would get as I have always thought that your work is academically perfect.



53. Your nephew, who is yet at high school, is very interested in history. You feel that you ought to encourage him to study history when he goes up to the university. So you say to him:



B) Given the academic quality of your work, I would refrain from making any comment on your promotion, but I simply express my congratulations.



A) Although you seem to like history, you are not qualified enough to specialize in it.



C) Even though I would like to congratulate you on your promotion, I must draw your attention to the fact that you must upgrade the academic quality of your work.



B) Since history appeals to you so much, I strongly recommend it for you to choose as your field of study when you enter the university. C) History is a very broad field, and I am afraid you will soon be fed up with it.



D) I congratulate you on your promotion as associate professor, but I would advise you to work harder to improve the quality of your research.



D) Since you’re determined to study history at the university, there is nothing I can do for you. E) As far as I am concerned, your interest in history is hardly genuine and will soon disappear.



E) I am very pleased with your promotion. Yet, as far as I am concerned, you ought to be more concerned about the academic quality of your work.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



12



2010 – KPDS Sonbahar / İNGİLİZCE 56. Your friend’s son is getting married. You have been invited to the wedding, which will take place on the very day you are going abroad on urgent business that cannot be postponed. So, to apologize, you call your friend and say: A) I am sure there will be many people at the wedding. As for me, on the day of the wedding I will be travelling abroad on urgent business. I know you will understand. B) I received your invitation. Yet, due to my forthcoming trip abroad on urgent business, I will not be able to attend your son’s wedding. Clear? C) This forthcoming business trip abroad that I have to make cannot be cancelled. So it will be impossible for me to attend the wedding. D) Thank you so much for your invitation. On the very day the wedding takes place, I will be abroad for urgent business.



57. At a panel, you are discussing with another colleague the uses and abuses of nuclear power. You notice that your colleague focuses completely on the benefits of nuclear power, without referring to a major problem, which is the safe disposal of nuclear waste. So you wish to draw attention to this problem and say: A) You seem to be approaching the subject only from one angle and ignore the serious question of how to dispose of nuclear waste safely. B) I fully share your views about the uses of nuclear power, and I think we should also look at the financial problems. C) Certainly, nuclear power is cheap, clean and environmentally harmless. However, there are a number of problems about it and we have to consider them in detail. D) I completely agree with you that the most serious question concerning nuclear power is how to get rid of nuclear waste.



E) Thanks for the invitation. How unfortunate it is that the wedding coincides with my urgent business trip abroad, which I cannot put off! Therefore, I am indeed very sorry I can’t attend the wedding.



E) As you have just indicated, the safe disposal of nuclear waste is a problem that needs to be discussed extensively.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



13



2010 – KPDS Sonbahar / İNGİLİZCE 61. (I) Among the fundamental themes of Greek tragedy were justice, law, and the conflicting demands of piety and obligation that drove a heroic man or woman to destruction. (II) They were mostly derived from Homer. (III) Most tragedies were the dramatization of well-known myths and legends from the past. (IV) But decidedly contemporary issues and events were also represented in some tragedies. (V) Epic and lyric poetry were already wellestablished Greek literary forms when the fifth century B.C. began.



58. – 63. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. 58. (I) One of the major strategies to manage global warming is prevention. (II) Prevention of global warming involves developing ways to prevent the buildup of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. (III) It is the ultimate and best solution because it is permanent. (IV) However, it requires new technologies that have not yet been developed. (V) Most of all, environmental problems are connected to overpopulation. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



60. (I) On average, 30% of the solar radiation that falls on Earth is immediately reflected away by clouds and surfaces, especially snow, ice, and ocean. (II) Trees of tropical rain forests are usually evergreen flowering plants. (III) The remaining 70% is absorbed by Earth and runs the water cycle, drives winds and ocean currents, powers photosynthesis, and warms the planet. (IV) Ultimately, however, all of this energy is lost by the continual radiation of long-wave infrared energy into space. (V) In fact, if heat gains from solar radiation were not balanced by losses, the Earth would heat up or cool down. B) II



C) III



D) IV



D) IV



E) V



62. (I) Life in Europe in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries was largely shaped by the combined effects of war, trade, and a steadily growing population. (II) Especially the practice of free trade led to the establishment of overseas colonies and opened up new markets for European industry. (III) Additionally, agricultural productivity increased, making it possible for Europe to feed a population that had now reached unprecedented levels. (IV) The dominant artistic school of southern Europe from about 1600 until the early 1700s was that of the Baroque, a school not only of painting but of sculpture and architecture. (V) Moreover, population growth in turn enabled European governments to wage more frequent wars and employ larger and larger armies. A) I



A) I



C) III



E) V



59. (I) The global ocean is a huge body of salt water that surrounds the continents and covers almost threefourths of Earth’s surface. (II) It is a single, continuous body of water. (III) Not surprisingly, aquatic life zones are different in almost all respects from terrestrial ecosystems. (IV) Yet, geographers have divided it into four sections (the Pasific, Atlantic, Indian, and Arctic oceans), separated by the continents. (V) The Pasific Ocean is the largest by far: it covers one-third of Earth’s surface and contains more than half of Earth’s water. A) I



B) II



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



63. (I) Modern historians of science consider Newton’s law of universal gravitation to be the greatest contribution to physics ever made by a single person. (II) The praise for his discovery was just as great in Newton’s own time. (III) In the eyes of his contemporaries he was a national hero. (IV) During the seventeenth century, the most innovative scientific work came out of the universities. (V) He was also celebrated across Europe, particularly in France. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



E) V



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



14



2010 – KPDS Sonbahar / İNGİLİZCE 65. In the 1960s, the emergence of new black nations in Africa and the Caribbean was paralleled by the civil rights movement of the blacks in America.



64. – 69. sorularda, verilen cümleye anlamca en yakın olan cümleyi bulunuz.



A) So many new black nations emerged in the 1960s in Africa and the Caribbean that the American blacks were influenced by them and soon began to fight for their civil rights.



64. In his famous work The Wealth of Nations, the eighteenth-century Scottish economist Adam Smith spelled out, in more technical and historical detail, the different stages of economic development in the past. A) Adam Smith, an economist of the Scottish origin in the eighteenth century, gave, in his wellknown work The Wealth of Nations, a technically and historically detailed account of the various phases through which the economy had developed before his time. B) In The Wealth of Nations, a controversial work written by Adam Smith, who was a Scottish economist in the eighteenth century, a full description was given of how the economic progress had taken place in the past.



B) When new black nations came into being in the 1960s in Africa and the Caribbean, also the blacks in America started the civil rights movement. C) In the 1960s, the American blacks were so encouraged by the rise of various black nations in Africa and the Caribbean that they all joined in the civil rights movement. D) The civil rights movement, started by the blacks in America in the 1960s, was largely inspired by the rise of new African and Caribbean nations. E) The civil rights movement of the American blacks in the 1960s was extremely influenced by the new nations that had emerged in Africa and the Caribbean.



C) The Scottish economist Adam Smith’s great work The Wealth of Nations, written in the eighteenth century, is essentially a technical and historical description of the economic development and its changing phases in the past. D) Adam Smith, who was an eighteenth-century economist born in Scotland, wrote his celebrated work The Wealth of Nations in order to explain, in technical terms, the historical stages of the economic progress. E) In his controversial work The Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith, who was an economist born in Scotland in the eighteenth century, described both technical and historical phases that made up the economic progress in the past.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



15



2010 – KPDS Sonbahar / İNGİLİZCE 66. Despite their declaration of intellectual independence from the past, Enlightenment thinkers owed a great debt to their predecessors.



67. The finest example of Byzantine architecture is the church of Saint Sophia in Istanbul, constructed at enormous cost by the emperor Justinian in the sixth century.



A) Enlightenment intellectuals asserted that they were totally indifferent to the past, but they owed a great deal to the thinkers of the past. B) Contrary to what they thought about the past, Enlightenment thinkers were much influenced by those who had come before them. C) Even though Enlightenment thinkers openly claimed that intellectually they were free from the past, they were greatly indebted to those thinkers who had preceded them. D) The past never aroused any interest in Enlightenment intellectuals, although they were essentially inspired by the thinkers of the past.



A) The church of Saint Sophia was constructed by emperor Justinian in the sixth century and cost him a lot of money even though Byzantine architecture has come to be represented by it. B) The construction of the church of Saint Sophia in the sixth century cost the emperor Justinian a huge amount of money, and it is a significant example of Byzantine architecture. C) In the sixth century, emperor Justinian spent so much money on the construction of the church of Saint Sophia that he wanted it to be the most excellent work of Byzantine architects. D) Byzantine architecture is best represented by the church of Saint Sophia in Istanbul, for the construction of which, in the sixth century, emperor Justinian spent a lot of money.



E) Although Enlightenment intellectuals took no interest in the past, they were much involved in the study of their predecessors’ ideas.



E) A huge amount of money was spent by the emperor Justinian for the construction of the church of Saint Sophia in the sixth century, which in fact became a major work of Byzantine architecture.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



16



2010 – KPDS Sonbahar / İNGİLİZCE 68. At the peak of their prosperity, between about 6500 and 5500 B.C., the residents of Çatal Hüyük produced a wide range of agricultural food stuffs, including peas, lentils, fruits, and cereal crops.



69. Unlike his contemporaries, who favoured quiet urban scenes, the sixteenth-century Dutch painter Bruegel exulted in depicting the ordinary life of the peasantry.



A) A large variety of agricultural foodstuffs, such as peas, lentils, fruits and cereal crops, were produced by the Çatal Hüyük inhabitants, whose prosperity reached its climax during the period between roughly 6500 and 5500 B.C.



A) Although it was Bruegel alone among the Dutch painters in the sixteenth century that was primarily interested in the representation of rural scenes, his contemporaries continued to deal in their works with various aspects of urban life.



B) Peas, lentils, fruits, and cereal crops were the only agricultural foodstuffs that the people of Çatal Hüyük, already very prosperous, produced during the period from 6500 to 5500 B.C.



B) The Dutch painter Bruegel in the sixteenth century mainly focused on the representation of ordinary scenes from rural life, just as his contemporaries were much interested in depicting urban life.



C) The people at Çatal Hüyük were so prosperous that, during the period from 6500 to 5500 B.C., they produced various kinds of agricultural foodstuffs, especially peas, lentils, fruits and cereal crops.



C) The representation of rural scenes from the life of the peasants was the Dutch painter Bruegel’s primary interest, but his contemporaries in the sixteenth century took urban life as their main subject.



D) Among the agricultural foodstuffs produced by the extremely prosperous peasants of Çatal Hüyük during the period from 6500 to 5500 B.C. were peas, lentils, fruits, and cereal crops.



D) Urban life with its happy scenes was one of the major interests of the Dutch painters in the sixteenth century, but Bruegel differed from them to some extent by his depiction of peasants’ hard life.



E) At Çatal Hüyük, where there was much prosperity between 6500 and 5500 B.C., only those agricultural foodstuffs, which consisted of peas, lentils, fruits and cereal crops, were produced by the people.



E) Contrary to the painters of his time, who preferred in the first place to represent peaceful scenes from urban life, the Dutch painter Bruegel, who lived in the sixteenth century, took much joy in the depiction of scenes from the simple life of the peasants.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



17



2010 – KPDS Sonbahar / İNGİLİZCE 71. Mary : - Recently I have been reading Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s political treatise The Social Contract, published in 1762. In his political views, he was certainly more radical than most of his contemporaries.



70. – 75. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz. 70. John : - The economic rather than political aspect of European colonialism has always interested me.



Susan : - Yes, he was, indeed. For instance, he was probably the first person in his time to talk about popular sovereignty and democracy.



Francis : - I know. It is clear from most of the papers you have presented so far. So you think that colonial exploitation in the past was the major source of Europe’s economic prosperity. John - ----



Mary - ----



:



Susan : - Because of his radical views as such, he caused a great deal of controversy in eighteenth-century France.



:



Francis : - Agreed. Indeed, it is impossible to imagine this prosperity without them.



A) His famous novel Emile tells the story of how a young man learns virtue and freedom. B) I didn’t know that he was better known for his writing on education and moral virtue.



A) Actually, Britain’s American colonies had no significant mineral wealth and, therefore, they turned to agriculture. B) Moreover, as far as I am concerned, the Spanish colonial economy was dominated by mining. C) On the other hand, the Portuguese government allowed only Portuguese merchants to trade with their own colonies.



C) We know that Enlightenment thinkers considered education key to human progress. D) The Social Contract was the least understood of his works, wasn’t it? E) Obviously, he believed that legitimate authority arose from the people alone.



D) Absolutely. For instance, Europe’s growing wealth in the eighteenth century was simply the result of its colonial possessions. E) To compete with the British, the French government encouraged the development of sugar-producing colonies in the West Indies.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



18



2010 – KPDS Sonbahar / İNGİLİZCE 73. Jack : - In the British empire, India was the first colony to win its independence soon after World War II, wasn’t it?



72. Robert : - Did you know that the first recorded Olympic Games took place in the Valley of Olympia in Greece in 776 B.C.?



Robin : - Yes, it was. Actually, the extraordinary Indian nationalist Mahatma Gandhi had been at work in India since the 1920s and had pioneered anticolonial ideas.



Ted : - No, I didn’t. But I know that in antiquity they were held at four-year intervals. Robert : - ----



Jack - ----



Ted : - Then, boxing, wrestling, and many other sports must have been added over time.



:



Robin : - Principally, his strategy was nonviolent noncooperation. So he urged the Indian people to withdraw from the imperial economy and develop their own means of resistance such as going on strike, refusing to pay taxes, or boycotting British goods.



A) I wonder to what extent the modern Olympic Games were driven by economics and politics. B) Do you think the goals of modern olympism as stated by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) are still valid? C) The ancient Greeks believed that human life was completely controlled by the gods.



A) In the face of colonial domination, how did he set about the anticolonial movement for the independence of India?



D) True. Unfortunately, they were abolished by the Roman emperor Theodosius I in 394 A.D.. Interestingly, the first Olympics contained only one event: the foot race.



B) Gandhi’s strategy for independence provided a model for many liberation struggles in other colonies. C) Hadn’t he already led a nonviolent campaign for the political rights of the Indian community in South Africa between 1894 and 1914?



E) As you know, many cities in the world compete with each other for the honour and prestige of hosting the Olympic Games.



D) By 1947 Gandhi had gained such widespread support that the British found it impossible to continue in power in India. E) Yet, in June 1947, British India was partitioned into the nations of India and Pakistan, and the process of partition brought brutal religious and ethnic warfare.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



19



2010 – KPDS Sonbahar / İNGİLİZCE 75. Harry : - It is true that, in the nineteenth century, Britain and France were Europe’s two great overseas empires.



74. Stephen : - By the way, what does the term “hydrologic cycle” mean? Can you explain it? Martin : - Basicly it means that water cycles from the oceans and land to the atmosphere, and then back to the oceans, and land. It is a complex cycle, which provides us with a renewable supply of purified water on land. Stephen - ----



Charles : - Why do you think so? Besides them, there were other colonial powers in Europe that also owned territories overseas. Harry - ----



:



:



Charles : - I see what you mean. In other words, the Germans were reluctant to engage in a colonial enterprise. Right?



Martin : - Certainly, and also an important one. As you might expect, forests release substantial amounts of moisture into the atmosphere by transpiration, which then falls as precipitation.



A) The new political and economic relationships between colonies and dependent states on the one hand and the colonizing power on the other ran both ways, bringing changes to both sides.



A) When a forest is burned or cut down, how is the climate of the region affected? B) Do you think forests influence an area’s climate? C) Do forests play a role in this cycle? D) How does transpiration by trees influence the local temperature of forests?



B) The convergence of technology, money, and politics involved in the construction of the Suez Canal represents the interplay of economics and empire in late nineteenth-century Europe. C) The years from 1870 to 1914 brought both rapid industrialization throughout the West and the stunningly rapid expansion of Western power abroad.



E) What are the factors that determine climate?



D) In terms of colonial power politics, they counted little. As for Germany, which was the strongest emerging power inside Europe, its governments did not believe that colonization overseas would yield economic and political advantages. So, Germany was not a colonial empire. E) The nineteenth-century empires developed against the backdrop of economic and political changes such as industrialization, liberal revolutions, and the rise of nation-states, which transformed Europe and European imperialism.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



20



2010 – KPDS Sonbahar / İNGİLİZCE 78. As it is clear from the passage, Archimedes ----.



76. – 80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. In antiquity, prior to the third century B.C., physics had been a branch of philosophy. It was made a separate, experimental science by Archimedes of Syracuse, who lived between 287 and 212 B.C.. He not only discovered the law of floating objects, or specific gravity, but also formulated with scientific exactness the principles of the lever, the pulley, and the screw. Among his memorable inventions were the compound pulley and the screw propeller for ships. Although he has been considered the greatest technical genius of antiquity, in fact he preferred to devote himself to pure scientific research. Tradition relates that he discovered “Archimedes’ principle,” that is, specific gravity, while pondering possible theories in his bath; when he reached his stunning insight, he dashed out naked into the street crying “Eureka!” (“I have found it!”).



A) was so seriously concerned with technical issues that he often neglected his scientific research B) can be described as a man who openly opposed the study of philosophy C) was more interested in the theoretical aspect of science than in its practical uses D) was particularly indifferent to questions of navigation and shipbuilding E) taught the people of Syracuse how to use the compound pulley most efficiently



79. It is pointed out in the passage that Archimedes’ inventions ----. A) were not related to the theories that he had already formulated



76. As one understands from the passage, Archimedes was so thrilled by his unexpected discovery of specific gravity that ----.



B) have qualified him to be regarded as “the greatest genius of antiquity” C) were put into use when, following several scientific tests, they proved to be very efficient



A) he immediately announced it to the public in an unusual fashion



D) were all based on his theory of specific gravity, which he had been pondering for a long time



B) he described every detail of it to the people with scientific exactness



E) were described in detail in his writings



C) the people in the street joined him in the celebration of his discovery D) most of his contemporaries regarded it as a perfect example of pure scientific research



80. As clearly pointed out in the passage, like the principles of the pulley and the screw, the principle of the lever ----.



E) his theory of specific gravity was soon applied in shipbuilding



A) has been traditionally attributed to Archimedes, but it had been known to other physicists in antiquity



77. According to the passage, until Archimedes, ----. A) there had been some scientific research on the law of floating objects



B) can also be considered to be one of Archimedes’ least scientific formulations



B) physics had not been considered to be a science separate from philosophy



C) aroused so much interest in the public that he was rightly proud of his scientific discovery



C) the use in ships of the screw propeller had already been known



D) was also defined by Archimedes in absolutely scientific terms



D) various theories had been proposed about floating objects



E) was formulated by Archimedes only after he carried out a series of complicated experiments



E) the study of philosophy had been confined only to physics



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



21



2010 – KPDS Sonbahar / İNGİLİZCE 83. It is stated in the passage that archaeological evidence obtained so far ----.



81. – 85. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. The Romans were descended from a cluster of peoples who had crossed the Alps into Italy during the second millenium B.C. and spoke a variety of Indo-European dialects. Recent archaeological research has pushed the origins of the city of Rome back to at least the tenth century B.C., several centuries earlier than the traditional date 753 B.C., which the Romans themselves considered their city’s foundation year. Rome’s strategic location along the Tiber River brought it many different advantages. Trading ships could navigate the Tiber as far as Rome, but no farther; the city could thus serve as a port without being threatened by attack from the sea. Rome’s famous hills increased the defensibility of the site. In other words, as a city, Rome was situated at a junction across the Tiber, making it a major land and river crossroads.



A) indicates the tenth century B.C. as the date of the foundation of Rome B) clearly proves how and when various IndoEuropean peoples crossed the Alps into Italy C) shows why the earlier Romans decided to found their city at a site up the Tiber River D) proves conclusively how Rome came to be a major port for trading ships E) answers the question of why the original natives of Italy collaborated with the Indo-European invaders



84. It is indicated in the passage that the Romans ----.



81. According to the passage, Rome was founded at a site along the Tiber, which ----.



A) built strong defences on the hills surrounding Rome



A) was vulnerable to attacks from the hills around



B) attributed the foundation of their city to one specific year



B) provided a perfect crossing across the river C) had been a major trading centre even before the tenth century B.C.



C) maintained their Indo-European identity for centuries



D) enabled merchant ships to sail far into the country



D) were not a strategically-minded people and never took security into account



E) was most exposed to the dangers from the sea



E) benefited from the Tiber only in terms of its economic advantages.



82. It is pointed out in the passage that the ancestors of the Romans ----.



85. One understands from the passage that the Tiber in antiquity ----.



A) believed that the Alps would provide perfect defence against invasions from the North



A) had been used as a waterway for trade even before Rome was founded on it



B) came from the North and settled in Italy around the tenth century B.C.



B) was the only river in Italy, on which trading ships of any size could sail safely



C) first looked for a strategic location where they could safely settle



C) played an important role in the defence of Rome whenever the city was attacked from the sea



D) were a sea-going people who were particularly interested in overseas trade



D) provided a number of crossings whereby the Romans were able to transport their forces across it



E) were the peoples who spoke various dialects of the same language



E) was partially navigable and provided Rome with an economic advantage



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



22



2010 – KPDS Sonbahar / İNGİLİZCE 88. It is implied in the passage that the death of the red spruce in the northeastern United States ----.



86. – 90. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. When air pollution, including acid rain, is combined with other environmental stresses, such as low winter temperatures, prolonged droughts, insects, and bacterial, fungal, and viral diseases, it can cause plants to decline and die. More than half of the red spruce trees in the mountains of the northern United States have died since the mid-1970s. Other tree species, such as sugar maples, for example, are also dying. Many still-living trees are exhibiting symptoms of forest decline, characterized by a gradual deterioration and often eventual death. The general symptoms of forest decline are reduced vigour and growth, but some plants exhibit specific symptoms, such as yellowing of needles in conifers. Air pollutants may or may not be the primary stress that results in forest decline, but the presence of air pollution lowers plant resistance to other stress factors. When one or more stresses weaken a tree, then an additional stress may be enough to cause death.



A) is a clear indication of how forest decline can turn into a major disaster B) has been caused primarily by bacterial and viral diseases in the region C) was also noticed in the mid-1970s when the trees showed a great deal of reduced vigour D) was preceded first by reduced growth and then a long period of deterioration E) has resulted from the joint effects of air pollution and environmental factors



89. It is emphasized in the passage that air pollution ----. A) weakens the resistance of plants against environmental stresses



86. It is suggested in the passage that air pollutants ----.



B) in the northeastern United States has declined substantially over the years



A) become very destructive for all kinds of trees when they turn into acid rain B) have been the primary cause of the deterioration of various tree species C) can cause forest decline when they act together with other environmental stresses



C) causes the spread of bacterial, fungal and viral diseases in the world D) plays a major role in the fall of winter temperatures E) prevents the detection of symptoms related to forest decline.



D) show their adverse effect on trees most clearly when there are prolonged droughts E) are particularly effective on sugar maples and conifers but not other species



90. As it is clear from the passage, one of the symptoms that indicates forest decline is ----. 87. According to the passage, when the trees in a forest fail to grow properly, ----.



A) the growing number of insects



A) this is directly related to low winter temperatures



B) the reduced vigour of trees



B) this is mostly the result of a fungal disease



C) lower winter temperatures



C) its immediate effect can be detected right away



D) prolonged droughts



D) this can be a symptom of forest decline



E) the increase of acid rain



E) it is inevitable that bacterial diseases will emerge soon Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



23



2010 – KPDS Sonbahar / İNGİLİZCE 91. It is pointed out in the passage that a large number of countries with a temperate climate ----.



91. – 95. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Government planners and social scientists from many countries are developing a number of strategies to help us adapt to global warming. For example, what should people living in coastal areas do? They can move inland away from the dangers of storm surges, although this solution has high economic costs. An alternative plan, which is also extremely expensive, is to build dikes to protect coastal land. The Dutch, who have been doing this sort of thing for several hundred years, have offered their technical expertise to several developing nations threatened by a rise in sea level. We also have to adapt to shifting agricultural zones. Many temperate countries are in the process of evaluating semitropical crops to determine the best ones to substitute for traditional crops if or when the climate warms. Drought-resistant species of trees are being developed by large lumber companies now, because the trees planted today will be harvested many decades later when global warming may already get much worse.



A) have already applied to the Dutch government to help them protect their coastal areas against a rise in sea level owing to global warming B) have urgently developed some costly strategies in order to protect themselves from the extreme effects of global warming C) are developing new agricultural zones for semitropical crops, since they are economically more profitable than traditional crops D) are experimenting with semitropical crops for the replacement of their traditional crops in case the climate gets warmer E) are exposed to the dangers of storm surges and have therefore taken radical measures to rescue their people in coastal areas



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



24



2010 – KPDS Sonbahar / İNGİLİZCE 94. It is stated in the passage that, for our adaptation to global warming, ----.



92. One understands from the passage that the development of tree species that can resist droughts ----. A) is being carefully studied by government planners and scientists as an alternative solution B) is a precaution that major lumber firms are taking against global warming C) has been so costly that governments of temperate countries have given it up



A) an alternative strategy is that all the coastal areas in the world have to be evacuated so that the inhabitants can be safe from the dangers of storm surges B) many scientists and planners are involved in a series of activities that are primarily suitable for temperate countries C) not only the Dutch but also governments of many countries have devoted a great deal of hard work to the development of urgent strategies



D) is indispensable because, due to global warming, most forests will disappear in a few decades



D) new agricultural zones suitable for the growth of semitropical crops and also the development of drought-resistant trees are the only suitable strategies



E) is important for countries where agricultural zones have been badly affected by global warming



E) state planners and social scientists of different nationalities are working to develop various strategies



95. It is suggested in the passage that, in several decades, ----.



93. As implied in the passage, the Dutch ----.



A) government planners and social scientists will see their planning efforts rewarded



A) have a long history of experience in the construction of dikes



B) most developing countries can experience a severe decline in their agricultural production



B) are very concerned about some coastal areas threatened by a rise in sea level C) have been reluctant to cooperate technically with some developing countries



C) most coastal areas may be flooded unless they are protected by dikes D) the effects of global warming may be much more adverse



D) learned how to build dikes about a hundred years ago to protect their coastal areas



E) lumber companies may go out of business due to the heavy costs incurred by the planting of trees



E) think that it is extremely expensive for developing countries to build dikes



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



25



2010 – KPDS Sonbahar / İNGİLİZCE 97. It is pointed out in the passage that the primary aim in the contruction of the Stockton-Darlington railway was to ----.



96. – 100. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. In England, transportation had improved a great deal during the years before 1830, but moving heavy materials, particularly coal, remained a problem. It is therefore significant that the first modern railway, built in 1825 for the transportation of coal, ran from the Durham coal field of Stockton to Darlington near the coast. Coal had traditionally been transported short distances via tramways, or tracks along which horses pulled coal carts. The Stockton-to-Darlington railway was a logical extension of a tramway, designed to answer the transportation needs arising from constantly expanding industrialization. The man primarily responsible for the design of the first steam railway was George Stephenson, a self-educated engineer who had not learned to read until he was seventeen. The locomotives on the StocktonDarlington line travelled at fifteen miles an hour, the fastest rate at which machines had yet moved goods overland. Soon they would move people as well, transforming transportation in the process.



96. It is emphasized in the passage that George Stephenson, who designed the first steam railway, ----.



A) give George Stephenson an opportunity to demonstrate his engineering skills B) enable people to travel more comfortably and cheaply C) transport more goods overland so that the costs could be much lower D) make the transportation of coal more efficient for the industry E) get rid of the use of horses in the transportation of heavy materials



98. According to the passage, much improvement ----.



A) developed new techniques in order to increase the speed of locomotives



A) was needed for an efficient use of tramways in the transportation of all sorts of goods



B) was one of the partners who owned the Durham coal field of Stockton



B) had been achieved in transportation by 1830 in England



C) had been previously involved in the solution of various other problems concerning transportation D) had already distinguished himself by his achievements as an engineer



C) was not expected in the transportation of coal when the first railway was built in 1825 D) was needed in the construction of railways for the development of England



E) had not received formal education to become an engineer



E) had been made before Stephenson in the design of locomotives



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



26



2010 – KPDS Sonbahar / İNGİLİZCE 100. It is clear from the passage that the steam railway ----.



99. Attention is drawn in the passage to the fact that, in the early decades of the nineteenth century, ----.



A) had been in use in England before Stephenson introduced new techniques



A) England made great advances in the design and manufacture of machines B) the production of coal in England was technically much improved C) Darlington developed into a major port for England’s export of coal



B) remained a local facility and played no role in the industrialization of England C) was a solution to meet the transportation needs of England’s industry D) was invented in the first place for travel between Stockton and Darlington



D) England was in a continuous process of industrial growth



E) had little impact on the transformation of transportation in nineteenth-century England



E) engineering was not yet a profession that was popular in England



TEST BİTTİ. CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



27



KAMU PERSONELİ YABANCI DİL BİLGİSİ SEVİYE TESPİT SINAVI (KPDS) 05 ARALIK 2010



İNGİLİZCE A KİTAPÇIĞI 1. D



26. D



51. D



76. A



2. C



27. A



52. C



77. B



3. E



28. B



53. B



78. C



4. A



29. D



54. E



79. B



5. B



30. C



55. A



80. D



6. C



31. A



56. E



81. B



7. B



32. C



57. A



82. E



8. A



33. A



58. E



83. A



9. E



34. D



59. C



84. B



10. D



35. C



60. B



85. E



11. B



36. B



61. E



86. C



12. A



37. D



62. D



87. D



13. B



38. A



63. D



88. E



14. C



39. C



64. A



89. A



15. D



40. B



65. B



90. B



16. E



41. C



66. C



91. D



17. B



42. B



67. D



92. B



18. D



43. E



68. A



93. A



19. C



44. B



69. E



94. E



20. A



45. D



70. D



95. D



21. E



46. D



71. E



96. E



22. C



47. E



72. D



97. D



23. A



48. B



73. A



98. B



24. B



49. A



74. C



99. D



25. D



50. C



75. D



100. C



2010 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNGİLİZCE 5. After World War II, the United States began to ---Britain’s role as the leading foreign player in Iranian politics.



1. – 15. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. 1. The body loses large amounts of iron when red blood cells are lost through bleeding, and this causes a ---- of iron. A) deficiency



B) display



D) supplement



A) take over



B) hold up



C) put off



D) keep out E) look after



C) failure



E) recurrence



2. With the Soviet Union in decline in 1990, the United States emerged as the ---- superpower. A) excessive



B) accurate



D) initial



C) sole 6. More than 50 years ago, six European nations ---to submit their coal and steel industries to common management, so that no single country ---- the weapons of war to be used against another.



E) adequate



A) have agreed / had fabricated B) agreed / could fabricate C) had agreed / have fabricated



3. The economies of most oil-producing nations in the Middle East rely ---- on exporting oil, just as the economy of the West, particularly that of the United States, depends on petroleum imports. A) reluctantly



B) prosperously



D) previously



D) agree / will fabricate E) may have agreed / had been fabricating



C) brutally



E) heavily



7. North Korea still ---- a vast police state that ---- a network of concentration camps spanning the country.



4. No achievement can please Islamic extremists more than a break with what they ---- as the Christian West. A) exclude D) view



B) confirm



A) was maintaining / has included



C) abolish



B) had maintained / would include



E) establish



C) is maintaining / had included D) maintains / includes E) maintained / will include



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



1



2010 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNGİLİZCE 8. Most anthropologists think man ---- South America around 12,000 years ago, although some ---- it much earlier.



12. The search for new sources of energy is a continuing one, ---- the one provided by the fossil fuels will eventually run out.



A) has settled / may have put



A) since



B) settles / are putting



B) so that D) unless



C) even if



E) whenever



C) had settled / were putting D) was settling / had put E) settled / have put



13. In the Renaissance period, there was a wide range of classical texts available to humanist scholars, ---- some of these texts had survived only in fragments or were only available in Greek.



9. ---- some cancers, the best therapy is a combination ---- surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. A) With / through



B) About / in



C) For / of



D) At / within



A) so long as



B) before



D) in case



C) whether



E) but



E) On / to



10. The modern era of Shakespeare scholarship has been marked ---- an enormous amount of investigation ---- the authorship, text, and chronology of his plays. A) from / at



B) by / into



C) down / over



D) out / of



14. China’s art market is growing bigger all the time, and it is doing ---- at the expense of America and Britain. A) so



B) as well D) just in case



C) as such



E) almost



E) in / for



11. Soil pollution is caused by the presence of toxic compounds, chemicals, salts, radioactive materials, or disease-causing agents ---- enter the soil through industrial waste and pesticides. A) when



B) whereby D) while



15. In art history, primitivism is a notion crucial to th 20 -century art and modern thinking ---- a specific movement or group of artists.



C) just as



E) that



A) in that



B) instead of



C) the same as



D) rather than E) whereas



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



2



2010 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNGİLİZCE 16. – 20. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



21. – 25. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



People who (16)---- in malaria-infested areas or who travel to them can take certain (17)----. They can use long-lasting insecticide sprays in homes and outbuildings, place screens (18)---- doors and windows, use mosquito netting over their beds, and apply mosquito repellents on their skin. They can (19)---- wear enough clothing, (20)---- after sundown, to protect as much of the skin as possible against mosquito bites.



(21)---- there are dozens of indigenous languages spoken throughout South America, this is, with the (22)---- of Portuguese-speaking Brazil, a Spanishspeaking continent. However, the Spanish one hears in South America does not always conform (23)---what one has learned in the classroom or heard on a cassette, and even competent Spanish-speakers find it takes a bit of getting used to. (24)---- the odd differences in pronunciation, words from native languages as well as various European languages (25)---- the different dialects of South American Spanish, giving them each their own unique character.



16. A) reduce



B) live D) expose



C) discharge



21.



E) persist



A) If



B) Although D) Whereas



C) When



E) Just as



17. A) precautions



B) supplements



C) occurrences



D) setbacks



22.



E) levels



A) exception



B) contribution



C) involvement



D) partition E) convention



18. A) beyond



B) of D) on



C) with



23.



E) till



A) up



B) at D) in



19.



C) by E) to



24. A) either



B) more than D) as such



C) also



E) as well as



A) In case of



B) So far as



C) In addition to



D) By means of E) In accordance with



20. A) similarly



B) extraordinarily



C) commonly



D) fairly



25.



E) particularly



A) would infiltrate



B) had infiltrated



C) infiltrated



D) have infiltrated E) were infiltrating



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



3



2010 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNGİLİZCE 28. ---- that either depend on those hormones or are inhibited by them.



26. – 35. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.



A) Hormone therapies raise or lower levels of certain hormones to limit the growth of cancers



26. ----, but they provide a wonderful way to see the countryside and the wildlife.



B) In the opinion of most physicians, surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy play definite roles in treating tumours



A) Hitchhiking is still fairly common in some European countries



C) Unfortunately, some tumours, such as those in the stomach, pancreas, or kidney, respond only partially to radiation therapy



B) There are several ferry services between France and Britain C) One of the finest ways to get a taste of life in Finland is to go boating on a lake



D) Progress in cancer therapy has come with better combinations of drugs, altered dosages, and better coordination with radiation therapy



D) Cycling is certainly a most enjoyable way of seeing parts of central France



E) Almost everyone who receives chemotherapy or radiation therapy experiences certain side effects, such as nausea or vomiting,



E) Trains in Argentina are much less frequent and efficient than buses



29. ----, just as his sister represented female excellence.



27. ----, even though the number of paintings he produced wasn’t large. A) It is true that Leonardo da Vinci lived in Milan until 1499 when the city was captured by the French forces



A) Homer’s epic The Iliad, in which the Olympian gods are portrayed, refers to Apollo as the god who sends disease with his arrows



B) Leonardo da Vinci was born in or near the small town of Vinci, a day’s journey from Florence



B) Apollo was one of the twelve gods of Olympus and, during the Trojan War, he supported the Trojans against the Greeks



C) Leonardo da Vinci’s writings on painting were first published in 1651 in Paris from his scattered notes as Treatise on Painting



C) In mythology, Apollo, who was the twin brother of Artemis, known also as Diana, was considered to represent masculine physical perfection



D) Leonardo da Vinci is one of the very few artists whose reputation has from his own time onwards always remained at the highest level



D) Among the ancient Greeks, Apollo was worshipped not only as the god of poetic and musical inspiration but also as the god of the sun



E) When Leonardo da Vinci came to Florence as a young man, he became the Florentine painter Verrocchio’s apprentice



E) In antiquity, Apollo’s temple at Delphi was often visited by large crowds because it was a major centre for prophesies



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



4



2010 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNGİLİZCE 30. ---- because the Byzantine empire was the uninterrupted successor of the Roman state.



33. ----, the Vietnam War, which relied on a disproportionate number of black soldiers, magnified racial inequality in the United States.



A) A new period in the history of Western civilizations began in the seventh century



A) When President Johnson began the strategic bombing of North Vietnam



B) It is impossible to date the beginning of Byzantine history with any precision



B) As Martin Luther King, Jr., pointed out in the 1960s



C) The history of Western civilizations is largely a story of rivalries and interactions



C) Although the South Vietnamese government resisted efforts at reform



D) In medieval Italy, commerce and cities continued to flourish due to trade with the East



D) Even if the peace talks in Paris between the United States and North Vietnam failed



E) By 650 the Arabs had taken most of the Byzantine territories, including Jerusalem



E) Since the 1954 Geneva Accords divided Vietnam into North and South



31. Our knowledge of the Etruscans is severely limited ----. A) that, by the sixth century B.C., the Etruscans had established a confederation of independent citystates B) while Etruscan women enjoyed a comparatively elevated place in society



34. Following World War II, Japan emerged as a major industrial power because large state subsidies supported the success of Japanese firms, ----.



C) whether the Etruscans shared with the Greeks a religion based on the worship of gods in human form



A) if the Japanese government launched a series of austere economic measures to reduce unemployment



D) just as it appears that Etruscan settlements in Italy go back to the late Bronze Age E) since their language, although written in a Greek alphabet, has not yet been fully deciphered



B) unless the firms themselves concentrated on the efficiency and technical reliability of their products



32. In the late 1920s, many politicians were cautiously optimistic ----.



C) even though every Japanese government regarded the creation of prosperity as a fundamental patriotic duty



A) if the Nazis tried to eliminate the influences of American popular culture, which they regarded as an example of cultural degeneracy



D) while a well-funded programme of technical education aided research and the development of new goods



B) in case the Nazis, like other authoritarian governments, had used mass media as an efficient means of indoctrination and control



E) whereas Japan, as a fully industrialized country, not only led the way but also became the most influential model of success



C) that the economic troubles and political turmoil, which had been brought about by World War I, could easily be overcome D) just as one powerful influence on the artists and intellectuals of the time was neither social nor political, but scientific E) so that artists might continue to focus on subjective experiences, multiplicities of meaning, and personal expression



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



5



2010 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNGİLİZCE 37. Renaissance humanism played some role in the growing fascination with the intricate mechanisms at work in the universe.



35. Galileo observed sunspots, ----. A) which he sketched and documented as real irregularities on the surface of the sun



A) Karmaşık bir şekilde işleyen mekanizmaların oluşturduğu evrene hayranlık duyulmasında, Rönesans hümanizmasının oynadığı rol önemlidir.



B) since he claimed that the craters of the moon were the features of its landscape C) even if, with the support of the Medici family, he was able to pursue his work on astronomy



B) Evrenin karmaşık mekanizmalardan oluştuğuna ilişkin düşüncenin giderek gelişmesinde, Rönesans hümanizmasının oynadığı rol hayranlık vericidir.



D) so long as his ideas on astronomy brought him into conflict with powerful opponents E) whether he was already a famous mathematician at the University of Padua



C) Rönesans hümanizması, evreni oluşturan karmaşık mekanizmaların işleyişine duyulan hayranlıkta önemli rol oynamıştır. D) Rönesans hümanizması, evrende işleyen karmaşık mekanizmalara ilişkin giderek artan hayranlıkta biraz rol oynamıştır. E) Evrende karmaşık mekanizmaların işleyişine ilişkin duyulan hayranlığın artmasında, Rönesans hümanizmasının oynadığı rol oldukça önemlidir.



36. – 40. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz.



38. Music in Western Europe in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries reached such a high point of development that, like painting and sculpture, it constituted one of the most brilliant aspects of the era.



36. Kepler believed that everything in creation, from human souls to the orbits of the planets, had been created according to mathematical laws.



A) Batı Avrupa’da müzik, on beşinci ve on altıncı yüzyıllarda yüksek bir gelişme noktasına ulaşmış olup, resim ve heykelin yanı sıra, döneminin parlak bir yönünü ortaya koymuştur.



A) Kepler’in de inandığı gibi, insan ruhu ve gezegenlerin yörüngeleri de dahil, dünyadaki her şey, matematik yasalarıyla uyumlu olarak yaratılmıştır. B) Kepler’in inancına göre, insan ruhu ve gezegenlerin yörüngeleri dahil her şey, matematik yasalarına uygun olarak yaratılmıştır.



B) On beşinci ve on altıncı yüzyıllarda Batı Avrupa’ da müzik, öylesine yüksek bir gelişme noktasına ulaştı ki, resim ve heykel gibi, dönemin en parlak yönlerinden birini oluşturmuştur.



C) Kepler’e göre, insan ruhu ve gezegenlerin yörüngeleri de dahil her şey, matematik yasalarıyla tam bir uyum içinde yaratılmıştır.



C) Müzik, on beşinci ve on altıncı yüzyıllarda, resim ve heykele benzer yüksek bir gelişme göstermiş ve döneminin parlak bir yönünü oluşturmuştur.



D) Kepler, her şeyin, matematik yasalarına uygun yaratıldığına ve buna, insan ruhu ile gezegenlerin yörüngelerinin de dahil olduğuna inanıyordu.



D) On beşinci ve on altıncı yüzyıllarda Batı Avrupa’ da yüksek bir gelişme gösteren müzik, tıpkı resim ve heykel gibi, döneminin en parlak yönünü temsil etmektedir.



E) Kepler, insan ruhundan gezegenlerin yörüngelerine kadar, yaratılmış olan her şeyin, matematik yasalarına göre yaratılmış olduğuna inanıyordu.



E) Müziğin, on beşinci ve on altıncı yüzyıllarda Batı Avrupa’da yüksek bir gelişme düzeyine ulaşmış olması, tıpkı resim ve heykel gibi, dönemin çok parlak bir yönünü ortaya koymaktadır.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



6



2010 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNGİLİZCE 39. In the 1960s, organized terrorist tactics became an important part of political conflict in the Middle East, Europe, and Latin America.



41. – 45. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz.



A) Orta Doğu, Avrupa ve Latin Amerika’daki siyasal çatışmaların önemli bir yönü olan örgütlü terörist taktikleri, 1960’larda ortaya çıkmıştır.



41. On üç bin yıl kadar önce, buzullar yavaş yavaş çekilirken, Akdeniz’in doğu ucunda, bataklıklar, otlaklar ve evcil hayvanlardan oluşan yeni bir ekolojik alan ortaya çıkmıştır.



B) Örgütlü teröristlere özgü taktikler, 1960’ların Orta Doğu, Avrupa ve Latin Amerika’sındaki siyasal çatışmaların önemli bir boyutunu oluşturmuştur.



A) When glaciers receded over a period of thirteen thousand years, marshes, grasslands and domestic animals made up a new ecological area at the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea.



C) 1960’larda, örgütlü terörist taktikler, Orta Doğu, Avrupa ve Latin Amerika’da siyasal çatışmanın önemli bir parçası olmuştur.



B) It was exactly thirteen thousand years ago that, as glaciers began to slowly disappear, there emerged at the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea a new ecological area, which consisted of marshes, arable lands, and domesticated animals.



D) Örgütlü teröristlerin taktikleri, 1960’larda Orta Doğu, Avrupa ve Latin Amerika’daki siyasal mücadelelerde önemli bir yer tutmuştur. E) Orta Doğu, Avrupa ve Latin Amerika’da 1960’ lardaki siyasal mücadelelerin temelini, önemli ölçüde, örgütlü teröristlerin kullandığı taktikler oluşturmuştur.



C) As glaciers slowly disappeared thirteen thousand years ago, the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea turned into a new ecological area that accommodated marshes, arable lands, and domestic animals. D) As glaciers began to recede slowly, the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea witnessed, about thirteen thousand years ago, the development of a new ecological area of marshes, grasslands and domesticated animals. E) About thirteen thousand years ago, when glaciers slowly receded, a new ecological area of marshes, grasslands and domestic animals emerged at the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea.



40. Most historians have argued that the causes and outcomes of the French Revolution should be understood in terms of class interests. A) Çoğu tarihçi, Fransız İhtilali’nin nedenlerinin ve sonuçlarının, sınıf çıkarları bağlamında anlaşılması gerektiğini ileri sürmüşlerdir. B) Hemen hemen tüm tarihçiler, Fransız İhtilali’nin nedenlerini ve sonuçlarını, sınıf çıkarları ile bağlantılı olarak anlamak gerektiğini vurgulamışlardır. C) Pek çok tarihçi, Fransız İhtilali’nin nedenlerinin ve sonuçlarının anlaşılabilmesi için, sınıf çıkarlarının esas alınması gerektiğini belirtmiştir. D) Fransız İhtilali’nin nedenlerini ve sonuçlarını anlayabilmek için, tarihçilerin çoğu, sınıf çıkarlarını temel alma gereği duymuştur. E) Tarihçilerin çoğu, Fransız İhtilali’nin nedenlerini ve sonuçlarını, sınıf çıkarları bağlamında anlama gereği duymuştur.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



7



2010 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNGİLİZCE 43. Pek çok başka insan gibi, 1920’lerde ve 1930’larda romancılar, şairler ve oyun yazarları, I. Dünya Savaşı’nın insanlık dışı koşullarından ve zaferin, vaatlerini yerine getirememesinden düş kırıklığına uğramışlardır.



42. 1870’lerden itibaren, pazar, mal ve nüfuz arayışı, Avrupalı sanayileşmiş ülkelerin emperyalist yayılışını körüklemiş ve sonuçta onları çoğu kez birbirleriyle karşı karşıya getirmiştir. A) From the 1870s on, search for markets, goods, and influence fuelled the imperial expansion of the European industrialized countries and, consequently, often put them at odds with each other.



A) It was because of the unbearable conditions of World War I that, in the 1920s and 1930s, novelists, poets, and dramatists as well as many other people felt disillusioned and did not believe that victory would fulfil its promises.



B) During the decades following the 1870s, the imperial expansion of the European industrialized countries was mainly characterized through search for markets, goods, and influence, which frequently led these countries into hostilities.



B) Like many other people, novelists, poets and dramatists in the 1920s and 1930s were disillusioned by the inhuman conditions of World War I and by the failure of victory to fulfil its promises.



C) As of 1870, the industrialized countries of Europe got into a search for markets, goods, and influence and were, therefore, involved in imperial expansion that made them hostile to each other.



C) In the 1920s and 1930s, not only novelists, poets and dramatists, but also many other people were so disillusioned by the harsh facts of World War I that, for them, the promises of victory could not be fulfilled.



D) The imperial expansion of the European industrialized countries gained much momentum after the 1870s as they were in search of markets, goods, and influence and, consequently, acted most aggressively against each other.



D) Besides the inhuman circumstances of World War I, the failure of victory to fulfil its promises made novelists, poets, dramatists and many other people in the 1920s and 1930s extremely disillusioned. E) The brute circumstances of World War I and the failure of victory to fulfil its promises made novelists, poets, dramatists and various other people feel very disillusioned in the 1920s and 1930s.



E) Search by the European industrialized countries in the 1870s for markets, goods, and influence led to imperial expansion and brought them into serious hostilities.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



8



2010 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNGİLİZCE 44. Dadaist sanatçılar, eserlerinin anlamsız ve gayriciddi olduğunu iddia etmişlerdir, ancak eleştirmenler, farklı düşünüyor ve onların eserlerini bilinçaltının ifadeleri olarak görüyorlardı.



46. – 51. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz.



A) Upon dadaist artists’ claim that their works were devoid of any meaning or serious purpose, critics objected and asserted that dadaist works essentially represented the subconscious.



46. One of the causes of World War II was the failure to create lasting, binding standards for peace and security in Europe in particular and in the world at large. Diplomats spent the 1920s, trying to restore such standards. Some put their faith in the legal and moral authority of the League of Nations. ---- Throughout the decade, a number of leading European statesmen tried to reach a set of agreements that would stabilize the peace and prevent rearmament.



B) Although, for dadaist artists, their works had no meaning or serious purpose, critics differed from them and claimed that dadaist works represented the subconscious. C) Despite the fact that dadaist artists regarded their works as meaningless and playful, critics had a completely different view and argued that dadaist works were actually concerned with the subconscious.



A) Despite the good faith of many statesmen involved, none of these agreements carried any real weight. B) Economic conditions in Europe were another important cause of renewed conflict.



D) Dadaist artists claimed that their works were meaningless and playful, but critics thought otherwise and regarded their works as expressions of the subconscious.



C) Others saw disarmament as the most promising means of guaranteeing peace.



E) Contrary to the dadaist artists’ claim that in their works there was no meaning or serious purpose, critics maintained that dadaist works were all expressions of the subconscious.



D) Politicians feared international relations would be undermined by the growing imbalance of power in Europe. E) Moreover, the economic depression of the 1930s contributed in several ways to the coming of the war.



45. Tüm zamanların en büyük düşünürlerinden biri kabul edilen Einstein, yirminci yüzyılın başlarında, bizzat geleneksel fiziğin temellerini sorgulamaya başlamıştır. A) In the early years of the twentieth century, Einstein, who had begun to question traditional physics and its fundamentals, was regarded as the greatest intellect of his time. B) Einstein, who has long been considered to be one of the great thinkers of our age, was seriously concerned with traditional physics, which he began to question in the early years of the twentieth century. C) It was at the beginning of the twentieth century that Einstein, commonly regarded as a great intellect of his time, began to ask questions about the fundamentals of traditional physics. D) As one of the greatest scientists of all time, Einstein began in the early years of the twentieth century to be concerned with the fundamentals of traditional physics. E) Recognized as one of the greatest intellects of all time, Einstein began to question the very foundations of traditional physics early in the twentieth century.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



9



2010 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNGİLİZCE 49. Nineteenth-century liberals had confidence in science. Not only did science deliver technological and material progress, but it also confirmed liberals’ faith in the power of human reason to uncover and command the laws of nature. ---- Evolutionary theory, psychology and social sciences all introduced visions of humanity that were sharply at odds with conventional liberal wisdom. At the same time, artists and intellectuals mounted their own revolt against nineteenth-century conventions. Morals, manners, institutions, and traditions: all established values and assumptions were under question.



47. Youth culture in America in the 1950s and 1960s owed much to the hybrid musical style known as “rock and roll.” During the 1930s and 1940s, the synthesis of music produced by whites and African Americans in the American South found its way into northern cities. Indeed, from the 1950s onwards, black rhythm and blues musicians and white Southern performers found much wider audiences through the use of new technology, such as electric guitars, better equipment for studio recording, and wide-band radio stations in large cities. The blend of styles and sounds and the cultural daring of white teenagers came to create rock and roll. ----



A) Geologists have always challenged the Biblical account of creation.



A) This new music was exciting, sometimes aggressive, but full of energy and with great appeal for young listeners.



B) These upheavals in the world of ideas unsettled older conceptions of individuality.



B) Much of the new “mass culture” of the 1960s depended on the spending habits and desires of the new generation.



C) Towards the end of the century, however, scientific developments defied these expectations.



C) The postwar desire to break with the past created further impetus for change in every sense, including politics.



D) The scientists of the time held the view that the world had been formed over millions of years.



D) In the 1950s, governments rather than markets determined how consumer goods would be distributed.



E) The implications of Darwin’s writings went far beyond the domain of the evolutionary sciences.



E) By the mid-1950s portable radios were being sold in the United States and Europe.



48. ---- Like the French Revolution, they brought down not only a regime, but an empire. Like the French Revolution, they gave way to violence. And again like the French Revolution, they had sweeping international consequences. These revolutions and the fall of the Soviet Union marked the end of the Cold War, which had structured international politics and shaped the everyday lives of millions of people since the end of World War II. A) The Iron Curtain had established one of the most rigid borders in European history. B) The Eastern European revolutions of 1989 and the subsequent collapse of the Soviet Union were a revolutionary turning point. C) The collapse of the Soviet Union opened up both Russia and its former imperial dominions. D) In the 1970s and 1980s, the Eastern European nations faced serious financial difficulties. E) The Czechs staged demonstrations against Soviet domination towards the end of 1988.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



10



2010 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNGİLİZCE 50. In ancient Egypt most people were poor, living in crowded conditions in simple mud-brick dwellings. During the period of prosperity, however, skilled artisans, such as jewellers, goldsmiths, and the like, could elevate themselves and enjoy nicer surroundings. ---- The vast majority of Egyptians, however, were peasants who, as unskilled labourers, provided the brute force necessary for agriculture and construction. Beneath them were slaves, typically captives from foreign wars rather than native Egyptians. A) There can be little doubt that the massive investment of labour and wealth required to build the great pyramids put grave strains on Egyptian society. B) The pyramids were in fact raised by tens of thousands of peasant workers, who most probably participated willingly in the building projects.



51. In antiquity, Miletus was a centre for speculative thinking and philosophy. Beginning in the sixth century B.C., a series of thinkers known as “the pre-Socratics” raised serious questions about the relationship between the natural world, the gods, and men. The most famous of the pre-Socratics were Thales, Anaximander, and Anaximenes, who represented the so-called Milesian School. They seem to have been remarkably familiar with Babylonian astronomy. ---- In other words, through their observations, they began to formulate rational theories to explain the physical universe. A) The Milesians were very active in Egypt, where they founded many colonies which became their main trading outposts. B) Stimulated by the cosmopolitanism of their city, they also began to rethink their place in the human world. C) Calculating and observing the movements of the heavens, they sought physical explanations for what they saw.



C) Governmental control over the lives of individual Egyptians was very strict, and the number of administrative officials employed by the state was quite high.



D) After the Persian conquest of Anatolia, many of the Milesian philosophers fled to Sicily and southern Italy.



D) Potters, weavers, masons, bricklayers, brewers, merchants, and schoolteachers also enjoyed a higher standard of living.



E) Miletus had long been a part of the Greek world, but Babylonian influences also shaped Milesian culture in important ways.



E) Gender divisions may have been less clearly defined among the peasantry than they were among the elites.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



11



2010 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNGİLİZCE 54. As a specialist on Middle Eastern affairs, you are being interviewed by a journalist and are asked about Western governments’ attitude towards the Middle East. You think for a while and then state in general terms:



52. – 57. sorularda, verilen durumda söylenmiş olabilecek sözü bulunuz. 52. One of the research assistants in your department has written an abstract for a paper, which he wishes to submit at an international conference. He asks you to have a look at it and advise him. You’ve read the abstract and are impressed by the originality of the topic. You say to him:



A) Well, let me see. All I can say is that Western governments have always treated the Middle East as a vital strategic centre of gravity because of its rich oil reserves. B) I can tell you right away that the West’s needs for oil have encouraged international corporations to seek concessions from Middle Eastern states.



A) In dealing with this topic, is it your purpose to provoke the conference participants? B) As far as I am concerned, the way you present the topic is rather dull and flat.



C) Your question involves various issues. However, let me say this: in the Middle East, processes of modernization and globalization have produced an anti-Western attitude.



C) I wonder why you have decided to choose such a controversial topic for your paper. D) I find your topic most unusual, and it will certainly arouse much interest. E) The abstract needs to have more clarity although the topic itself is a common one.



53. At a panel of historians, a controversial issue is under discussion. One of the historians has referred to a number of documents as evidence to defend his point of view. You notice that the contents of the documents significantly differ from each other and are mostly irrelevant. So you intervene by saying to this historian: A) I don’t think any of us has had the opportunity to see these documents, which obviously contain much evidence about the issue under discussion.



D) Certainly, the oil boom brought about by the increasing Western demand in the 1980s and 1990s has ultimately led to fierce competition among Middle Eastern producer states. E) It is a fact that Western powers are always prepared to intervene by force if the stability of oil production is jeopardized.



55. Your new book on Shakespeare has been much acclaimed by critics. So you have often been invited to give talks, but now you feel that these talks are very tiring and need to be limited. You discuss this with your wife and say: A) Because critics have praised my book on Shakespeare, I have been overwhelmed by a flood of invitations to give talks, which I indeed find very thrilling.



B) The documents you have presented as evidence throw much light on the issue we have been discussing.



B) Since Shakespeare has been my major academic interest, dear, I am glad that I have finally written a comprehensive book on him, which has brought me much popularity.



C) As one can see from the documents you have presented, you must have carried out a great deal of careful research on the issue.



C) My dear, I would never refrain from giving talks on Shakespeare although they can be extremely exhausting and take all my free time.



D) Like my colleagues here, I have much respect for the quality of your research and have no objection to the evidence you have presented here.



D) Dear, much has already been written on Shakespeare, but my recent book, which has made me famous, is actually the product of long and painstaking research.



E) I am afraid the evidence you have presented through these documents is contradictory and has nothing to do with the issue under discussion.



E) The publication of my book on Shakespeare has put me in the limelight, and I am constantly being invited to give talks. But I find this exhausting; so, dear, I’m going to turn down most invitations.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



12



2010 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNGİLİZCE 56. A graduate student of yours is doing research on Napoleon’s imperial aims. You wish to give him a guideline so that his research might not drift into other matters about Napoleon. So you say to him: A) One can suggest that the main moral cause of Napoleon’s fall as an emperor was his unmasterable ambition. B) I think the essence of Napoleon’s imperialism was to reconstitute Europe as a new Roman empire, ruled from Paris.



57. At a company meeting today, you are expected to present your report on the new trends in marketing. However, your little boy is suddenly taken ill and, therefore, it will be impossible for you to attend the meeting. So you call the director and ask him to excuse you, proposing that you submit the report at the next meeting. You say: A) Unfortunately, my little one is not well, and my apologies for not being able to attend the meeting. I should be grateful if you could excuse me, and I can present my marketing report at the next meeting.



C) Like the Roman emperors, Napoleon erected triumphal columns and arches to commemorate his victories.



B) I am afraid you will have to excuse me today since my little one is very ill. As for the report about marketing, I can present it any time you wish me to.



D) It is true that Napoleon made his brothers and sisters the monarchs of his newly created kingdoms. E) In military terms, Napoleon was a master of welltimed, well-directed shock attacks on the battlefield.



C) I am calling you to tell you that I cannot present my marketing report today at the meeting because my boy is seriously ill. I can definitely present the report at the next meeting. D) Let me tell you right away that I won’t be at the meeting today because of my boy’s illness. My report on marketing is ready and can be presented at the next meeting. E) Since my little boy is not feeling well, I have decided not to attend the meeting today. However, if you agree, I can present the report at the meeting next week.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



13



2010 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNGİLİZCE 58. – 63. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. 58. (I) British dominance of the slave trade in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries gave it decisive economic advantages over other nations. (II) As one Englishman wrote in 1749, the slave trade had provided “an inexhaustible fund of wealth to this nation.” (III) But even apart from the slave trade, the value of colonial commerce was increasing dramatically during the eighteenth century. (IV) Like the Spanish colonies, the French colonies in the New World were established and administered as direct crown enterprises. (V) For instance, British foreign trade increased in value from £10 million in the 1730s to £40 million in the 1750s. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



B) II



C) III



D) IV



B) II



C) III



D) IV



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



62. (I) During the Late Bronze Age, trade became an increasingly important aspect of international relations. (II) Seaborne trade flourished up and down the coast of the eastern Mediterranean, allowing smaller, seaside centres to become powerful merchant city-states. (III) The great coastal cities of the eastern Mediterranean became wealthy entrepôts for the exchange of a bewildering variety of goods. (IV) Bronze Age Greece was an important and wellintegrated part of the Mediterranean world. (V) At the same time, the great states of the region continued to exploit their control of overland trade routes, relying more than ever on moving goods to an international market. A) I



E) V



60. (I) Cervantes’s masterpiece, the satirical novel Don Quixote, recounts the adventures of a Spanish gentleman, Don Quixote of La Mancha. (II) Indeed, Cervantes was fully aware of the developments of the novel as a new literary form. (III) In the novel, Don Quixote is fifty years old and has already become unbalanced by his constant reading of chivalric epics. (IV) His mind is filled with all kinds of fantastic adventures. (V) So, he sets out on a knightly adventure, imagining windmills to be giants, and flocks of sheep to be armies of infidels. A) I



A) I



E) V



59. (I) Between 1800 and the middle of the twentieth century, the worldwide population roughly tripled, rising from 1 to 3 billion. (II) Like past scientific investigations directed at humankind, genetics has raised fundamental questions about ethics and humanity. (III) Between 1960 and 2000, however, the population doubled again, to 6 billion or more. (IV) Obviously, improvements in basic standards of health have contributed to this dramatic increase. (V) Yet such growth has strained the capacity of social services, public-health facilities, and urban infrastructures. A) I



61. (I) Between 1540 and 1660, Europe was racked by a combination of religious wars, political rebellions, and economic crises. (II) Hence, confidence in traditional structures of social, religious, and political authority was undermined. (III) The result was fear, scepticism, and a search for new, more certain foundations on which to rebuild the social, political, and religious order of Europe. (IV) However, for artists and intellectuals, the period proved to be one of the most creative epochs in the history of Europe. (V) Like Shakespeare, Rembrandt knew that life’s journey is full of perils, but his most mature paintings suggest that these can be mastered with a courageous awareness of one’s human shortcomings.



E) V



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



63. (I) The Mongols were one of a number of nomadic peoples inhabiting the steppes of Central Asia. (II) Although closely connected with various Turkishspeaking peoples with whom they frequently intermarried, the Mongols spoke their own distinctive language and had their own homeland to the north of the Gobi Desert in present-day Mongolia. (III) In fact, it was not until the late thirteenth century that Europeans began to establish direct trading connections with India, China, and the “Spice Islands” of the Indonesian archipelago. (IV) Like many nomadic peoples throughout history, they were highly accomplished cavalry soldiers and constantly raided the sedentary peoples to their south. (V) It was in part to control such raiding from Mongolia that the Chinese built the famous Great Wall. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



14



2010 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNGİLİZCE 66. The very term “postcolonial” underlines the fact that colonialism’s legacies have endured in former colonies even after independence.



64. – 69. sorularda, verilen cümleye anlamca en yakın olan cümleyi bulunuz.



A) As can be understood from the term “postcolonial,” the independence of former colonies has been undermined by the continuation of colonial practices.



64. Historians emphasize Byzantine trade and industry because these provided most of the surplus wealth that supported the state. A) There is a general consensus among historians that the economic importance of trade and industry in the Byzantine empire cannot be ignored.



B) Although former colonies have gained their independence, it is true that, as the term “postcolonial” itself indicates, they still feel the impact of colonialism.



B) According to historians, in the Byzantine empire, trade and industry played a relatively important role in the economy.



C) What is meant by the term “postcolonial” is that former colonies, which are now independent, have failed to preserve their colonial institutions.



C) As far as historians are concerned, the economic prosperity of the Byzantine state depended, to some extent, on commercial and industrial activities. D) It is commonly recognized by historians that the Byzantine state could not have survived without the economic contributions of trade and industry.



D) The fact that former colonies, which have all gained their independence, have got rid of their colonial past is indicated by the term “postcolonial.” E) Since the independence of former colonies has enabled them to be aware of their colonial past, this is best defined by the term “postcolonial.”



E) Since the Byzantine state largely depended on the revenues generated by trade and industry, historians attach much importance to them.



65. No sooner did Israel declare its independence in May 1948 than its five neighbouring states invaded it.



67. The global demand for oil increased enormously during the postwar era and has accelerated since. A) In the decades following World War II, there was a dramatic increase in the demand for oil throughout the world, and this has continued at an even faster rate.



A) As soon as Israel declared its independence in May 1948, it was invaded by the five countries bordering it. B) The invasion of Israel by its five neighbours had already been decided before its independence was declared in May 1948.



B) There was a serious increase in the demand for oil after World War II, and in fact the demand has never slowed down.



C) It was in May 1948 that, following its declaration of independence, Israel faced an invasion by its five neighbours.



C) The worldwide demand for oil, which has never stopped, was particularly high in the years following World War II.



D) When Israel declared its independence in May 1948, its five neighbours decided to invade it.



D) Soon after World War II, the demand for oil in the world was quite high and has seldom fallen.



E) Upon Israel’s declaration of independence in May 1948, the five states that bordered it jointly invaded it.



E) Following World War II, oil became so important that there was an increasing demand for it, and today the demand for oil is still very high.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



15



2010 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNGİLİZCE 68. Though the Germans were not the most enthusiastic colonialists, they were still fascinated by other European powers’ imperial policies.



69. The persistent fears in connection with such terrorist groups as al Qaeda have to do with the chemical, biological, and also nuclear weapons that they might use.



A) The imperial policies put into effect by other European powers exceedingly exasperated the Germans who were themselves utterly indifferent to colonialism.



A) The possibility that terrorist groups such as al Qaeda might resort to chemical, biological and even nuclear weapons gives rise to continuing fears.



B) The Germans did not cherish a keen interest in colonialism, but they were immensely interested in the imperial policies pursued by other European powers.



B) The use by al Qaeda and other terrorist groups of such weapons as chemical, biological and also nuclear causes a great deal of widespread fear.



C) Since colonialism did not appeal to the Germans, their interest in the imperial policies of other European powers was rather superficial.



C) It is just possible that al Qaeda and other similar terrorist groups might get hold of chemical, biological and nuclear weapons, and this is the main reason why they are feared.



D) The Germans, for whom colonialism did not matter much, were fully aware of the imperial policies that other European powers were pursuing.



D) So long as al Qaeda and other terrorist groups have the opportunity to have access to chemical, biological and also nuclear weapons, there can be no end to the prevailing fears.



E) While the Germans refused to practise colonialism, other European powers developed imperial policies that caught the German attention.



E) If terrorist groups, including al Qaeda, come to possess chemical, biological and nuclear weapons, this will certainly give rise to much fear.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



16



2010 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNGİLİZCE 71. Terence: - It is a fact that the overseas maritime explorations in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries improved our knowledge of geography tremendously.



70. – 75. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz. 70. John: - Good morning, Christine. By the way, have you seen this article on North Korea?



Jim: - Well, we all know it. Why do you bring it up?



Christine: - I’ve just come to the office. You know mornings are always a rush. Tell me what the main argument is. John: - ----



Terence: - ---Jim: - Naturally, the same view was held by the Church and also the crusaders. A) Ancient geographers divided the earth into five climatic zones that are still recognized today.



Christine: - Besides that, there may also be other hidden reasons such as the provision of nuclear weapons to international terrorist groups.



B) Actually, in antiquity, geography owed most of its development to the Hellenistic astronomer Eratosthenes.



A) Let me tell you this: historically, at the end of World War II, the Soviet Union occupied the northern part of the Korean peninsula, while the Americans held the south.



C) The amazing thing is that, by means of sundials placed some hundreds of miles apart, the astronomer Eratosthenes calculated the circumference of the earth.



B) You know that, after the loss in 1991 of Soviet patronage, the isolated North Korean government faced a very serious economic disaster, with verified reports of local starvation in some regions of the country.



D) For the simple reason that the world was understood differently and wrongly in the Middle Ages. For instance, medieval geographers regarded Jerusalem as the centre of the earth.



C) It emphasizes that the North Korean government has pursued the development of a nuclear arsenal not for self-defence, but as a bargaining chip against Japan and the United States.



E) In fact, it was the Hellenistic astronomer and geographer Eratosthenes that first suggested the possibility of reaching eastern Asia by sailing west.



D) As you may recall, in June 1950, the communist North Korean troops attacked across the border that divided the Korean peninsula and crushed resistance in the south. E) Agreed. Yet Japan and the Western states have always feared that North Korea may be secretly helping Iran and other rogue states to develop nuclear weapons.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



17



2010 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNGİLİZCE 72. George: - Recently I have been much interested in the social history of the marketplace in medieval England, on which I plan to write a book.



73. Fred: - I have been doing some research for a paper on the emergence of fascism in Italy. There is a vast amount of material that I have to consult. A tough job.



Juliet: - The social history of the marketplace? It is rather a dull subject, isn’t it?



Colleague: - I agree. Not an easy one. You know, like many European nations, Italy emerged from World War I at a heavy cost, but surely there were various causes for the rise of fascism in the country.



George: - ---Juliet: - Really? Then I take back what I’ve just said. I’ll be keenly interested in what you write about it.



Fred: - ----



A) Well, in a way, yes. In the past and today, the marketplace was just a site for the buying and selling of commodities. B) On the contrary. In fact, the heart of the matter is that the marketplace served as a place to socialize and a forum for interaction among people from all walks of life. C) At first glance, it would seem that there are many differences between the marketplaces of the past and the marketplaces of today. D) Unfortunately, the stock and commodities exchanges and malls have none of the spirit of the traditional marketplace.



Colleague: - I am sure, as I gather from what you are saying, your paper will provide us with a full account of how Italy turned to fascism. A) Under Mussolini, the Italian economy was placed under the management of twenty-two corporations, each responsible for a major industrial enterprise. B) In fact, I will mainly focus on how Italy was divided into a prosperous industrialized north and a poor agrarian south. C) To tell you the truth, World War I had cost Italy nearly seven hundred thousand lives and over $15 billion.



E) Exactly. It is hard to define the purpose and goal of the marketplace not only in England but also in the rest of Europe.



D) In my opinion, you are mistaken when you claim that the Italian fascist movement depended heavily on Mussolini’s leadership. E) Undoubtedly. Among them can be mentioned political corruption, weaknesses of parliamentary democracy, high inflation, rising unemployment, and nationwide strikes.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



18



2010 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNGİLİZCE 75. Philip: - I see that you are reading Homer’s great epic The Iliad? By the way, have you ever heard about Heinrich Schliemann?



74. Harry: - Today, at the conference, two professors were involved in a fierce debate about the Marshall Plan. They really got on each other’s nerves.



Edward: - Yes, I have. He was an amateur German archaeologist, who lived in the nineteenth century.



Janet: - Sorry, dear. I know nothing about the Marshall Plan. You must first tell me about it. Harry: - ----



Philip: - ----



Janet: - I see. Since it was certainly to the benefit of Europe, I can’t understand why the two professors should quarrel about it.



Edward: - How come? I wonder what details in The Iliad must have led him to such a discovery. A) As an amateur archaeologist, many of Schliemann’s perceptions of Bronze Age Greece were mistaken and superficial.



A) As far as I am concerned, among the most striking aspects of World War II’s aftermath was the speed with which Germany was reintegrated into Europe.



B) What else? Let me tell you the most intriguing thing about him. By using The Iliad as his guide, he found the site of Troy near the coast of northwest Anatolia.



B) Indeed, the United States countered the expansion of Soviet power and kept communist movements based in Europe. C) It was an American programme that started in 1948 and provided $13 billion in aid for the industrial redevelopment and economic recovery of Europe. D) The American government forced certain terms on the countries participating in the Marshall Plan such as decontrol of prices, restraints on wages, and balanced budgets.



C) Since the ancient Greeks treasured many legends about their heroic and distant past, Homer’s epics appealed to them a great deal. D) Actually, Schliemann was right in believing that the legendary king Agamemnon was buried with a gold mask. E) In Homer’s epics, it is the Mycenaean civilization of Bronze Age Greece that is represented, but this civilization came to an end around the end of the twelfth century B.C.



E) On the other hand, the Soviets viewed the Marshall Plan as the United States’ deliberate intervention in Europe’s affairs and, therefore, strongly objected to it.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



19



2010 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNGİLİZCE 77. As stressed in the passage, heroic myths and epics ----.



76. – 80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. The heroic myths and epics of a society teach its members the appropriate attitudes, behaviour, and values of that culture. These myths are of particular interest and value to us. Not only are they exciting adventure stories, but in these myths we see ourselves, drawn larger and grander than we are, yet with our human weaknesses as well as our strengths. As for heroes, they are the models of human behaviour for their society. They earn lasting fame by performing great deeds that help their community, and they inspire others to emulate them. Heroes are forced by circumstance to make critical choices where they must balance one set of values against competing values. They achieve heroic stature in part from their accomplishments and in part because they emerge from their trials as more sensitive and thoughtful human beings. Yet heroes are not the same throughout the world. They come from cultures where individuals may earn fame in a variety of ways. This permits them to express their individuality. However, in spite of their extraordinary abilities, no hero is perfect. Yet their human weaknesses are often as instructive as their heroic qualities. Their imperfections allow ordinary people to identify with them and to like them, since everyone has similar psychological needs and conflicts.



76. It is suggested in the passage that the trials that heroes undergo ----.



A) can be understood from various angles since they are the products of different cultures B) represent different attitudes that heroes adopt during the course of their adventures C) illustrate various sets of values that are always contrary to each other D) essentially show why heroes’ moral imperfections become the cause of their downfall E) are morally useful because one learns from them how to conduct oneself properly



78. One understands from the passage that myths ----.



A) are usually the outcome of conflicting values in society and can therefore be most painful



A) are not as instructive as epics, which in fact describe heroes that, from a moral point of view, are absolutely perfect



B) make up the contents of those myths and epics which have survived to our time



B) appeal to very few people because they are mere fictions that contain nothing but only adventures



C) can be described in a variety of ways, although they are mainly related to their needs



C) are a kind of mirror through which are reflected not only our virtues but also our shortcomings



D) have a positive impact on their character whereby they attain a high moral status



D) are so concerned with human weaknesses that even ordinary people do not identify themselves with mythical heroes



E) enable a society to become aware of its weaknesses and find ways to get rid of them



E) represent only universal values and attitudes, as they do not belong to a specific society or culture



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



20



2010 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNGİLİZCE 79. It is pointed out in the passage that a hero’s fame ----. A) derives from his achievements that are for the good of his people



80. As asserted in the passage, we can learn ----. A) from myths why and how heroes perform great deeds B) both from heroes’ imperfections and from their heroic qualities



B) does not last long, since he is easily overcome by his weaknesses



C) from heroes’ adventures that there are various ways to understand our weaknesses



C) is recognized throughout the world because of his extraordinary abilities



D) the history of a community through a close study of its heroic past



D) encourages ordinary people to identify themselves with him



E) from epics whether every hero earns lasting fame in the same way



E) depends on his ability to accomplish the impossible



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



21



2010 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNGİLİZCE 82. According to the passage, the geography of the Mycenaean civilization ----.



81. – 85. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Our knowledge of the Mycenaean civilization in Greece is based primarily upon what archaeologists have been able to discover. Fortunately, they have located and studied the ruins of a number of important Mycenaean sites both in Greece and in Troy, the site of Homer’s “Ilium” in Turkey. The material available to archaeologists is very limited, due to the ravages of time, weather, fire, and theft. The materials that have survived include objects such as jewelry, pottery, metal utensils, and various kinds of weapons. In addition, archaeologists have found a large number of clay tablets, inscribed with a language called “Linear B,” which they can read. It now becomes clear that the Mycenaean civilization in full bloom far surpassed in complexity and wealth many of the Greek civilizations that followed it. The Mycenaeans were an aggressive people who loved fighting, hunting, and athletic contests. Their land was mountainous and their soil rocky and dry. Therefore, they took to the sea and became fearsome raiders of other communities. In this way they acquired extraordinary wealth.



A) has caused a great deal of controversy among archaeologists B) was defined only after the Linear B clay tablets were deciphered C) was unknown to Homer, who was interested in Troy alone D) made up only a very small portion of Greece E) was not limited to Greece only



83. It is clear from the passage that the Mycenaean civilization ----.



81. As clearly stated in the passage, the Mycenaean economy ----.



A) was culturally and economically very complicated and, therefore, little known



A) is best represented by various objects discovered by archaeologists



B) reached its climax when the Linear B language was introduced into Greece



B) can be fully understood from archaeological excavations



C) can best be studied through Homer’s descriptions of it



C) depended not so much on agriculture as on piracy and plunder



D) was far more advanced and powerful than many other Greek civilizations



D) was so strong that people invested heavily in jewelry and weapons



E) did not last long because of the raids made upon it by other communities



E) has been a major concern of investigation among archaeologists



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



22



2010 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNGİLİZCE 84. As asserted in the passage, the Mycenaeans ----.



85. As stated in the passage, archaeological discoveries ----.



A) seem to have been very skilled in the art of jewelry



A) are the primary source of information on the Mycenaean civilization



B) were noted for their warlike character C) attacked Troy, which Homer refers to as “Ilium”



B) have provided us with plenty of evidence about the Mycenaean arts



D) surpassed all the other Greek peoples in athletic contests



C) have thrown much light on the structure of the Linear B language



E) were much advanced in the making of all kinds of weapons



D) show that Troy was an extremely prosperous city E) clearly indicate that the Mycenaeans were the founders of various Greek cities



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



23



2010 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNGİLİZCE 87. According to the passage, compared with other continents, Europe ----.



86. – 90. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. The loss of global biodiversity is occurring at an alarming rate. Since the 1970s, the area of tropical forests destroyed worldwide exceeds the land mass of the European Union. Animal and plant species are disappearing. Overfishing has depleted stocks around the world. Poor farming practices have depleted soils while allowing the invasion of harmful species. Destruction of wetlands has left low-lying areas extremely vulnerable to storms and natural disasters. Especially in Europe, ecosystems have suffered more human-induced damage than those on any other continent. Only about 3 per cent of Europe’s forests can be classified as undisturbed by humans, and the continent has lost more than half of its wetlands. The spread of urbanization and the over-exploitation of resources is having an enormous impact on biodiversity.



A) is far more advanced in the improvement of its farming practices B) owns a far greater area of wetlands and forests with a wide range of animal species C) is the only continent to have had its ecosystems most extensively damaged D) has suffered so much loss in its biodiversity that its variety of plant species has declined a great deal E) has been able to sustain the diversity of its animal species despite the spread of urbanization



88. As clearly stressed in the passage, the biodiversity in the world ----.



86. In the passage, attention is drawn to the fact that a very small percentage of the forests in Europe ----.



A) has been completely immune from any kind of human-induced damage



A) seem to have been over-exploited and, therefore, ecologically damaged B) have been reserved for animal and plant species



B) can only be sustained through the preservation of forests as well as wetlands



C) have been used for urbanization and exploited



C) can be preserved intact only if poor farming practices can be prevented globally



D) can be considered to be ecologically suitable for biodiversity



D) is declining so fast that its effects can be observed in various ways



E) have remained untouched by human exploitation



E) can best be observed in tropical forests, which also contain large areas of wetlands



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



24



2010 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNGİLİZCE 90. It is clear that the passage ----.



89. It is claimed in the passage that the depletion of global fish stocks ----.



A) is primarily concerned with the over-exploitation of resources in the world and its damaging effects on global biodiversity



A) has mainly resulted from the loss of wetlands on all the continents B) has an adverse impact on the world’s biodiversity



B) is a detailed discussion of the range of measures that need to be taken in order to sustain the current state of global biodiversity



C) has caused much damage to Europe’s ecosystems in particular



C) describes in detail how, due to the spread of urbanization, the area of the forests in Europe has been reduced enormously



D) is far more alarming in the tropical regions than in any other part of the world



D) is a full account of the major causes of soil depletion and puts forward a number of suggestions for prevention



E) cannot be prevented unless overfishing is forbidden worldwide



E) essentially focuses on the causes as well as the consequences of the loss of biodiversity in the world in general and in Europe in particular



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



25



2010 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNGİLİZCE 92. One understands from the passage that, because Marx’s paper opposed the policies of the Prussian government, ----.



91. – 95. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. The father of modern socialism, Karl Marx (18181883) was barely known in the early nineteenth century. His reputation rose later, after 1848, when a wave of revolutions and violent confrontation seemed to confirm his distinctive theory of history and make earlier socialists’ emphasis on peaceful reorganization of industrial society seem naive. As a child, he grew up in Trier, in the western section of Germany, in a region and a family keenly interested in the political debates and movements of the revolutionary era. His family was Jewish, but his father had converted to Protestantism in order to be able to work as a lawyer. Marx studied law briefly at the University of Berlin before turning instead to philosophy and particularly to the ideas of Hegel. With the so-called Young Hegelian, a group of rebellious students who hated the narrow thinking of a deeply conservative Prussian university system, Marx appropriated Hegel’s concepts for his radical politics. His radicalism made it impossible for him to get a post in the university. He became a journalist and, from 1842 to 1843, edited the Rheinische Zeitung (Rhineland Gazette). The paper’s criticism of legal privilege and political repression put it on a collision course with the Prussian government, which closed it down and sent Marx into exile – first in Paris, then Brussels, and eventually London.



A) he was completely deprived of his legal rights



91. As clearly pointed out in the passage, while Marx was studying in Berlin, ----.



93. According to the passage, Marx’s novel idea of history ----.



B) it faced much political repression before it was finally closed down C) he was denied the right to apply for a post at the University of Berlin D) he was punished by exile out of Germany E) it was no longer allowed to publish political debates



A) it was not in law, but in philosophy, that his interests lay



A) was wholly based on his experiences of life and politics in Trier where he grew up



B) he discovered that Germany’s university system was largely inspired by Hegel’s ideas



B) ruled out the former socialist view that it was possible to reorganize industrial society peacefully



C) the Young Hegelians began to demand radical reforms in the German university system



C) was most effectively spread through the newspaper that he edited in 1842 and 1843



D) he turned to journalism and constantly criticized the government’s repression of radicalism



D) was strongly opposed by the Young Hegelians who hated radicalism and revolutions



E) he noticed that there was a great deal of antisemitism among the Young Hegelians



E) did not have much impact on the rise and development of modern socialism



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



26



2010 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNGİLİZCE 94. It is implied in the passage that, in his radicalism, Marx was ----.



95. It is clear from the passage that, since Marx’s father was Jewish, ----.



A) so much ahead of his contemporaries that he was often misunderstood by them



A) he was allowed to work as a lawyer only in Trier, but not in any other region of Germany



B) primarily inspired by the debates and revolutionary movements of earlier socialists



B) he was constantly harassed and intimidated by the Prussian government



C) never influenced by the revolutions and violent confrontations of 1848



C) it was impossible for him to practise law in Germany unless he became a Protestant



D) so inspired by the rebellions of the Young Hegelians that he actively took part in them



D) there was much discrimination against him at the University of Berlin, where he studied law



E) originally influenced by his family that took much interest in radical politics



E) he and his family preferred to live in Trier, where there was no political repression at all



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



27



2010 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNGİLİZCE 97. As suggested in the passage, oil ----.



96. – 100. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) was so manipulated politically a century ago that its production was often disrupted



Oil has provided humanity with many benefits, including affordable energy to reduce our workloads and improve our mobility. Because oil is such an important and visible part of our daily lives, and because it is exceptionally open to political manipulations, it often receives an enormous amount of attention. This is especially true whenever its price increases sharply, and experts immediately get to work to diagnose the cause and consequences of the price increase. In fact, the future of oil is not that much different from its past: undoubtedly, oil production and consumption will become cleaner and more efficient, but prices will continue to be volatile, and the oil industry will continue to be blamed for conflicts, corruption, and pollution. And for all the current talk about the end of the oil age, it will remain a vital source of energy as it is now, nearly a century after the first warnings about soaring consumption and limited resources.



96. According to the passage, warnings were first given almost a century ago that ----.



B) has unfortunately lost its economic value due to the fact that the oil age has come to an end C) has been the major cause of political instability in the world for nearly a century D) has always been a major source of affordable energy and had a positive impact on our lives E) is produced currently in enormous amounts in order to meet the soaring global demand for cleaner energy



98. In the passage, ----.



A) there would be a sharp decline in oil consumption throughout the world as alternative energy resources became available



A) the writer makes a strong defence of the oil industry and does not consider it to be responsible for any wrongdoing



B) there could be serious disruptions of global oil supply in the future owing to political manipulations and conflicts



B) the main emphasis has been put on the indispensable uses of oil for man’s comfort and prosperity



C) the consequences of soaring prices for oil would be extremely unbearable unless new economic measures were put into effect



C) there is much concern expressed about the consequences of current oil consumption in the world



D) oil would cease to be a vital source of energy in the near future because of the growing rate of pollution



D) some hope is expressed about the improvement and increasing efficiency of global energy resources



E) oil consumption would continue to increase enormously and that the resources for oil were not infinite



E) much attention has been given to the importance of experts’ work in diagnosing the cause of increasing oil prices



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



28



2010 - KPDS İlkbahar / İNGİLİZCE 100. It is stressed in the passage that the production of oil ----.



99. As can be understood from the passage, the writer does not believe that, ----. A) in view of limited energy resources, the amount of oil consumed yearly will have to be restricted



A) is no longer important since much cleaner energy resources are available today



B) despite volatile oil prices, there will be a noticeable increase in current oil production



B) must be absolutely free from any kind of political manipulation



C) contrary to ongoing discussions today, the age of oil has drawn to a close



C) has changed very little in amount and price over a century



D) similar to other industries, the oil industry is to be blamed for political manipulations in the world



D) has been adversely affected by currently volatile prices



E) like other sources of energy, oil can be regarded as a major cause of environmental pollution



E) will certainly be carried out in a cleaner and more efficient manner in the future



TEST BİTTİ. CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



29



KAMU PERSONELİ YABANCI DİL BİLGİSİ SEVİYE TESPİT SINAVI (KPDS) 2 MAYIS 2010



İNGİLİZCE A KİTAPÇIĞI 1. A



26. E



51. C



76. D



2. C



27. D



52. D



77. E



3. E



28. A



53. E



78. C



4. D



29. C



54. A



79. A



5. A



30. B



55. E



80. B



6. B



31. E



56. B



81. C



7. D



32. C



57. A



82. E



8. E



33. B



58. D



83. D



9. C



34. D



59. B



84. B



10. B



35. A



60. B



85. A



11. E



36. E



61. E



86. E



12. A



37. D



62. D



87. C



13. E



38. B



63. C



88. D



14. A



39. C



64. E



89. B



15. D



40. A



65. A



90. E



16. B



41. E



66. B



91. A



17. A



42. A



67. A



92. D



18. D



43. B



68. B



93. B



19. C



44. D



69. A



94. E



20. E



45. E



70. C



95. C



21. B



46. C



71. D



96. E



22. A



47. A



72. B



97. D



23. E



48. B



73. E



98. B



24. C



49. C



74. C



99. C



25. D



50. D



75. B



100. E



İNGİLİZCE 2010 – KPSS / YD-CS 5. Around 1665, Newton became interested in light, and in optics, the branch of science ---- it.



1. – 13. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. 1. The pay ---- between men and women in Britain is still an outrageous situation in 2010 and makes us ask: “Is it ever right for men to be paid more than women?” A) amount



B) gap



C) right



D) rate



A) making for



B) dealing with



C) coping with



D) running over E) taking after



E) policy



2. On the news of the famous film star’s death, everybody was extremely sad and recalled his ---but troubled life. A) brilliant



B) worthless D) gloomy



6. In Britain, thieves, acting as tourists, ---- a Leonardo da Vinci masterpiece worth around $50 million.



C) uneasy



E) adverse



A) turned down



B) broke down



C) made up



D) made off with E) put up with



3. To understand a country and its culture ----, you have to be part of it. A) continuously



B) obviously



D) reluctantly



C) gravely 7. If Atatürk ---- his country to victory in the War of Independence (1919-1923), Turkey ---- only as an inland state in central Anatolia.



E) truly



A) would not have led / had survived B) did not lead / survived C) had not led / would have survived 4. Almost 40 per cent of the European Union’s energy ---- from oil, and its economy is dependent on a continuous, reliable, and affordable supply. A) emerges D) flows



B) derives



D) has not led / would survive E) would not lead / will have survived



C) comes



E) arises



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



30



2010 – KPSS / YD-CS 8. Scientists in the seventeenth century ---- the universe as a gigantic clockwork machine that ---according to a few straightforward principles. A) viewed / worked B) had viewed / would work C) have viewed / could have worked



11. A bar code is a pattern of bars and spaces that can be read by a scanning device ---- a computer, which determines the code ---- the widths of the bars and spaces. A) over / into



B) through / at



C) off / from



D) on / by E) for / across



D) would have viewed / had worked E) may have viewed / had been working



9. Latin American and Caribbean nations ---regional integration as a tool to enhance democracy and ---- economic growth in the region.



12. ---- water in rivers, lakes and seas is heated by the sun, some of the water evaporates to form water vapour.



A) were embracing / have encouraged



A) Unless



B) embraced / will have encouraged



B) When D) Although



C) Until E) Even if



C) had embraced / will encourage D) have been embracing / had encouraged E) have embraced / encourage



13. Some people can easily recover from their disappointments, whereas ---- are depressed by even minor setbacks. 10. Claims ---- damages resulting ---- climate change could leave insurers facing very high bills. A) from / with



B) with / by



D) about / at



A) others



B) the other D) other



C) for / from



C) another



E) any



E) of / in



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



31



2010 – KPSS / YD-CS 19. – 24. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.



14. – 18. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. Wind is moving air. When air is heated, it becomes lighter and then rises. Cooler air from (14)---- areas moves in to take the place of the rising air. This air (15)---- forms wind. When wind blows, it brings different types of weather with it. The strength of a wind (16)---- on how fast the heated air rises. Air rises quickly, and nearby air rushes in to take its place. This forms strong, blustery winds. Light, gentle breezes happen when heated air rises slowly. (17)---- 10,000 metres high in the atmosphere, there are areas of strong winds called “jet streams,” (18)---help to move hot air from the equator towards the poles, keeping the Earth at a more even temperature.



19. Although the price of manufactured cotton goods fell dramatically in England in the early years of the Industrial Revolution due to mass production, ----. A) the concentration of property in fewer hands drove small farmers off the land B) the market expanded so rapidly that profits continued to increase C) London became the headquarters for the transfer of raw material and capital throughout the world D) overseas commercial exploration and development opened new territories to European trade



14. A) fictitious



B) rough



D) obscure



C) predictable



E) railroads revolutionized industry, markets, and public as well as private financing



E) surrounding



15. A) movement



B) shuffle



C) turnout



D) arrangement E) settlement



20. ----, but each represented a distinct departure from this earlier world. A) The Romans borrowed heavily from the Greek settlers in Italy, who had originally arrived in the eighth century B.C.



16. A) ignores



B) resists D) shows



C) depends



B) Greece and Rome constituted the seedbed out of which all subsequent Western civilizations would develop



E) brings



C) The Romans were much more devoted to their traditions than the Greeks



17. A) On



B) Behind D) About



D) The classical Greek and Roman civilizations drew heavily on the traditions and achievements of the ancient Near East



C) Through



E) To



E) From the Greeks, the Romans derived their alphabet, many of their religious concepts, and much of their art 18. A) which



B) where D) while



C) when



E) what



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



32



2010 – KPSS / YD-CS 21. As students in medieval universities advanced in their studies, ----.



23. Nutritional problems can emerge ----. A) in case a vitamin is an organic nutrient that we must obtain from our diet



A) literacy in the Middle Ages was generally limited to the clergy



B) whereby vegetarians have to know how to get all the essential nutrients



B) the rise of lay education was the most important development in medieval Europe



C) whether the key to being a healthy vegetarian is to eat a variety of plant foods



C) they were also expected to develop their skills in public speech



D) when people have to rely on a single type of food



D) the term “university” originally meant a corporation or a guild



E) so that minerals are simply inorganic nutrients, usually required in small amounts



E) the numbers of those educated at all levels vastly increased in the late Middle Ages



24. ----, there remain tremendous development needs in the region, resulting from poverty and political instability.



22. It is important to realize ----. A) even if some prospective parents are aware they have an increased risk of having a baby with a genetic disease B) although human characteristics are more influenced by genes than by the environment



A) While the pace of progress in Latin America over the past two decades has been impressive B) Since most Latin American countries maintain closer relations with the United States C) Just as Europe and Latin America share historic and cultural ties stretching back over 500 years



C) since a person’s blood count of red and white cells varies quite a bit, depending on a wide range of factors



D) Before the European Union became the largest foreign investor in Latin America



D) because the growing number of genetic tests available to the public has raised concern about how they are used



E) So long as the European Investment Bank provides loans to a number of Latin American countries



E) that the individual features of any organism arise from a combination of genetic and environmental factors



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



33



2010 – KPSS / YD-CS 27. A study made by an American research centre has found that the Internet is the third most popular source for news among Americans, behind local and national television.



25. – 28. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz. 25. The European Union has supported democratic elections throughout Latin America by providing technical assistance to local electoral authorities. A) Güney Amerika’daki tüm demokratik seçimler, yerel seçim yetkililerine teknik yardım sağlayan Avrupa Birliği’nin desteğiyle gerçekleşmiştir.



A) Amerikalılar arasında, İnternetin, yerel ve ulusal televizyonun ardından en sık yararlanılan üçüncü haber kaynağı olduğunun, bir Amerikan araştırma merkezince belirlenmesinden sonra, internetin yaygınlığı artmıştır. B) Bir Amerikan şirketinin yaptığı araştırmaya göre Amerikan toplumunun üçüncü en güvenilir haber kaynağı, yerel ve ulusal televizyonun ardından gelen İnternettir.



B) Avrupa Birliği, yerel seçim yetkililerine teknik yardım sağlayarak, tüm Latin Amerika’da demokratik seçimleri desteklemiştir.



C) Bir Amerikan araştırma merkezinin araştırması, yerel ve ulusal televizyonun, en çok tercih edilen üçüncü haber kaynağı olan İnternetin önünde olduğunu ispat etmiştir.



C) Avrupa Birliği, Güney Amerika’nın tümünde, yerel seçim yetkililerine teknik yardım yapmanın yanı sıra, demokratik seçimlere destek vermiştir. D) Tüm Güney Amerika’da, demokratik seçimler, Avrupa Birliği’nin, yerel seçim yetkililerine teknik yardım ve desteğiyle gerçekleşmiştir.



D) Bir Amerikan araştırma merkezince yapılan çalışma, Amerikan halkı arasında, İnternetin, yerel ve ulusal televizyondan sonra, üçüncü en yaygın haber kaynağı olduğunu ortaya çıkarmıştır.



E) Güney Amerika’nın tümünde demokratik seçimleri destekleyen Avrupa Birliği, yerel seçim yetkililerine teknik yardım da sağlamıştır.



E) İnternetin en sık başvurulan üçüncü haber kaynağı olmasına rağmen, yerel ve ulusal televizyonu geçemediği, bir Amerikan araştırma merkezince kanıtlanmıştır.



28. The European Union has put pressure on the Greek government to make a new plan to raise taxes and cut expenses.



26. Data are so poor that tracking the flow of aid money is impossible in many African countries. A) Verilerin azlığı nedeniyle, yardım parasının pek çok Afrika ülkesindeki akışını izlemek, tümden imkânsızdır.



A) Avrupa Birliği, Yunan hükûmetine, yeni bir planlama yapmak için baskı kurmasa, hükûmet ne vergileri artırabilir ne de harcamaları kısabilir.



B) Pek çok Afrika ülkesinde, yardım parasının akışına ilişkin veriler o kadar az ki gerekli izlemeyi yapmak, hiç mümkün değildir.



B) Avrupa Birliği’nin baskısıyla, Yunan hükûmeti, vergileri artırıp, harcamaları kısmak için yeni bir plan yapıyor.



C) Veriler o kadar az ki, birçok Afrika ülkesinde, yardım parasının akışını izlemek imkânsızdır.



C) Avrupa Birliği’nin baskısıyla, Yunan hükûmeti yaptığı yeni plana göre, vergileri artırıp, harcamaları kısıyor.



D) Çoğu Afrika ülkesinde veriler yeterli olmadığı için, yardım parası akışının izlenmesi mümkün değildir.



D) Avrupa Birliği’nin baskısı nedeniyle, Yunan hükûmetinin vergileri artırıp harcamaları kısmak için, yeni bir plan yapması kaçınılmazdır.



E) Çoğu Afrika ülkesinde, verilerin azlığı, yardım parasının akışını izlemeyi imkânsız kılmaktadır.



E) Avrupa Birliği, Yunan hükûmetine, vergileri artırmak ve harcamaları kısmak amacıyla, yeni bir plan yapması için baskı yapmaktadır.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



34



2010 – KPSS / YD-CS 31. Bazı Batı Afrika ülkelerinde, hükûmetlerin, kendi zengin maden kaynaklarını etkin bir şekilde yönetememeleri, onların dış yardıma bağlı kalmalarına neden olmuştur.



29. – 32. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz. 29. Bazı uzmanlar, yoksulluğu, sadece mühendislik ve teknoloji ile çözülebilecek bir sorun olarak görmektedirler. A) Most experts consider that the problem of poverty can best be solved through engineering and technology.



A) The governments in various West African countries are so inefficient in the management of their vast mineral resources that they have become solely dependent on foreign aid. B) In some West African countries, the inability of the governments to manage their rich mineral resources efficiently has caused them to be dependent on foreign aid.



B) Poverty has always been considered by various experts to be a problem that can be solved through engineering and technology. C) Engineering and technology have been regarded by most experts as the only ways whereby the problem of poverty can be solved.



C) Due to their failure in exploiting their vast mineral resources, the governments in a number of West African countries have been dependent on foreign aid. D) Since some governments in the West African countries have been unable to exploit their rich mineral resources adequately, they have become entirely dependent on foreign aid.



D) Some experts regard poverty as a problem, only to be solved by engineering and technology. E) For some experts, poverty is a problem that can be overcome through engineering and technology.



E) Because of their inefficiency in managing and exploiting the vast mineral resources of their countries, some West African governments have come to be dependent on foreign aid.



30. Güçlü sesinin yanı sıra, en geniş repertuvara sahip pop şarkıcılarından biri olan Sezen Aksu, yüzden fazla şarkı bestelemiştir. A) Sezen Aksu, who is one of the pop singers with the richest repertoire as well as a powerful voice, has composed over a hundred songs. B) Sezen Aksu, who has a powerful voice and is also one of the pop singers with the richest repertoire, has composed nearly a hundred songs.



32. Yeni banknot ve madeni paralarımız yenilenen tasarımları, değişen boyutları ve gelişmiş güvenlik özellikleriyle, 1 Ocak 2009’dan beri kullanımdadır. A) Our banknotes and coins are new because they have had unusual designs, different dimensions st and improved security features since 1 January, 2009. st



B) Since 1 January, 2009, we have used banknotes and coins that have been designed with new dimensions and security features.



C) Sezen Aksu, who has composed more than a hundred songs, is one of the pop singers with the richest repertoire and a powerful voice.



C) Our new banknotes and coins, with their renewed designs, changed dimensions and improved security features, have been in use since 1st January, 2009.



D) Sezen Aksu, whose powerful voice and rich repertoire have made her one of the famous pop singers, has composed more than a hundred songs.



D) With their new designs, different dimensions and perfect security features, new banknotes and st coins have come into use after 1 January, 2009.



E) Sezen Aksu has become a famous pop singer because of her rich repertoire, powerful voice and hundreds of songs she has composed.



E) They renewed the designs, changed the dimensions and improved the security features of our banknotes and coins on 1st January 2009, so they are in use now.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



35



2010 – KPSS / YD-CS 33. – 36. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. 33. (I) In the early 1930s, the Nazis came to power in Germany. (II) In August 1939, Einstein wrote President Roosevelt a letter which he knew could affect the war and the future of humanity. (III) The subject was the possibility of Germany’s development of nuclear weapons. (IV) In the letter he wrote: “This situation calls for watchfulness and quick action on the part of the Administration.” (V) Upon Einstein’s letter, Roosevelt called for a meeting of his military advisers. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



B) II



C) III



D) IV



A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



E) V



36. (I) The tenth century in Europe witnessed a remarkable growth of towns and cities. (II) For instance, in England, by the middle of the eleventh century, 10 per cent of the population lived in towns, making it the most highly urbanized country in Europe. (III) Therefore, the prosperity of the medieval Italian cities rested mainly on their trade with the Byzantine Empire and the Muslim world. (IV) Cities also grew rapidly in France and Germany. (V) In Spain, especially the growth of Barcelona was beginning to transform the political and social life of the country.



34. (I) A large body of water can store a huge amount of heat from the sun during warm periods. (II) Evaporation from a plant’s leaves keeps them from becoming too warm in the sun. (III) At cooler times, heat given off from the gradually cooling water can warm the air. (IV) That is why coastal areas generally have milder climates than inland regions. (V) Moreover, water’s resistance to temperature change also stabilizes ocean temperatures, creating a favourable environment for marine life. A) I



35. (I) At present, aviation adds only 3.5 per cent of the carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. (II) That seems a trivial contribution to pollution. (Ill) Yet flights are the fastest growing polluter in transport. (lV) It is estimated that by 2050 aviation will account for 70 per cent of air pollution. (V) Therefore, some airlines have decided to increase the number of their flights.



E) V



A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



36



2010 – KPSS / YD-CS 38. Liz:



37. – 40. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz.



- As far as I am concerned, today a serious demographic crisis confronts some countries in the West.



37. Jack: - Good morning, Dick. I see you are reading an article. What is it about? A serious topic?



Jane: - What kind of “demographic crisis” are you talking about? You mean a high rate of population growth?



Dick: - Yes, in my opinion, very serious, indeed. It is about “globalization” but does not offer a full discussion.



Liz: - ---Jane: - I see what you mean. A serious issue, indeed.



Jack: - ----



A) Most social welfare systems in the West have been very efficient and contributed greatly to the rise of a healthy population.



Dick: - So you see, it is a very broad and also complicated subject. No simple and easy answers to your questions.



B) Unlike most other European countries, the United States and also Britain have kept stable populations or seen mild population growth mostly due to immigration.



A) Doesn’t globalization generally mean that information, ideas, goods, and people move rapidly and easily across national boundaries? B) Globalization has radically altered the distribution of industry and patterns of trade around the world, hasn’t it?



C) On the contrary. Over the decades, countries such as Italy, Germany, France, Belgium and Holland have faced sharp declines in the birth rate, leading to population decline. D) In fact, the availability of reliable birth control methods and also the introduction of new incentives for family planning have slowed down the rapid rise of population in the developed countries.



C) Don’t you think globalization is the process of creating political, social, economic, and cultural networks that span the world? D) Globalization? What, precisely, does the term mean? What causes or drives globalization, and what are its effects?



E) The economic prosperity of the West has enabled nations to introduce better and more comprehensive health-care policies.



E) Isn’t it fair to say that, through globalization, the world’s local, national, and regional economies have become far more connected and interdependent?



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



37



2010 – KPSS / YD-CS 40. Paul:



39. Tom: - I am doing research on the French impressionists for a paper that I will present at a conference in Paris.



- Galileo’s pioneering work in astronomy brought him into conflict with the Church. Bill: - Why do you call his work “pioneering”?



Ron: - I know very little about them.



Paul: - ----



Tom: - ---Ron: - I see. Actually, I have always admired their paintings.



Bill: - Surely, a set of new ideas. Moreover, we mustn’t forget that he was a great mathematician, too.



A) Because most art galleries rejected their work, they organized their own independent exhibitions.



A) He was convinced that Aristotle’s explanation of the structure of the universe was inadequate and had to be abandoned.



B) For instance, Cézanne rejected traditional perspective and put emphasis on the subjective arrangement of colour and form.



B) In the first place, the Church believed that his work challenged its authority, and he was therefore put on trial.



C) In my opinion, like most artistic movements, modernism defined itself in opposition to a set of earlier principles.



C) Actually, one of his life’s great scientific passions was the problem of motion, particularly the motion of objects on a moving earth.



D) As an artist, Gauguin was very much influenced th by the symbolist movement in the late 19 and th early 20 centuries.



D) Well, for the first time, he offered evidence that the earth moved, discovered Jupiter’s moons, and formed some idea of the enormous distances between the stars.



E) Well, they were a group of young artists such as Cézanne, Monet, Renoir and others who came to prominence in the 1870s.



E) At his trial, he argued that, if the Church refused to recognize the “new science” and its explanation of the natural world, the authority of the Church would suffer.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



38



2010 – KPSS / YD-CS 41. – 44. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz. 41. The turn of the twentieth century brought a series of crises to the Western empires. Those crises did not end European imperial rule in the colonies. ---- The crises also drove these nations to expand their economic and military commitments in what they called their territories overseas. However, because of these crises, the colonial confidence of these nations was much shaken. A) In recent years historians have become increasingly interested in colonial cultures and the results of the imperial encounter across the world.



42. 1968 was an extraordinary year, quite similar to 1848, with its wave of revolution. ---- Indeed, international youth culture fostered a sense of collective identity. The new media relayed images of civil rights protest in the United States to Europe and broadcast news and pictures about the Vietnam War. The wave of unrest shook the West. Moreover, traditional political parties had little idea what to make of these new movements and those who participated in them. A) The Iron Curtain had established one of the most rigid borders in European history. B) The civil rights movement had enormous significance for the twentieth century. C) On the other hand, legal changes would not have occurred without the women’s movements in the West.



B) Writers such as Joseph Conrad believed that imperialism signalled deeply rooted prejudices in European culture.



D) The revolutionary spirit at the time was intensely international. E) The conservative traditions of the West made intellectual reform difficult in the post-war period.



C) They did, however, create sharp tensions between Western imperial nations which had already got into fierce rivalry for territorial gains. D) As a result of colonialism, European and indigenous institutions and cultures were transformed by their contact with each other. E) Especially in China and India, there were fierce debates about whether education should be “westernized” or continue on traditional lines.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



39



2010 – KPSS / YD-CS 43. William Shakespeare, the greatest of Renaissance English dramatists, was born into the family of a tradesman in the provincial town of Stratford-upon-Avon. Little is known about his early life. He left his native town, having gained a modest education, when he was about twenty, and went to London, where he found employment in the theatre. ---- Yet by the age of twenty-eight he had definitely acquired a reputation as an author sufficient to excite the jealousy of his rivals. A) How he eventually became an actor and still later a writer of plays is uncertain.



44. Opera was a seventeenth-century creation, developed most significantly by the Italian Baroque composer Claudio Monteverdi (15671643). He combined music with theatre for greater dramatic intensity. Monteverdi’s new form of opera appealed immediately. ---- Staged within magnificent settings and calling on the talents of singers, musicians, dramatists, and stage designers, opera expressed as clearly as any art form Baroque artists’ dedication to grandeur, drama, and display. A) During the Enlightenment, intellectual changes went hand in hand with social and cultural ones, and human equality and freedom were regarded as natural.



B) His final play, The Tempest, represents his reflections on human nature and the power of art.



B) Eighteenth-century musicians, like eighteenthcentury writers, found their careers and art shaped by changing structures of culture.



C) The plays written during the early years of his career are characterized by a sense of confidence.



C) In the Age of the Enlightenment, aristocratic and court patronage remained the pillars of support for musicians.



D) His Hamlet, which is his greatest play, is the tragedy of indecisive idealism and passion for the truth.



D) Mozart’s opera The Marriage of Figaro, which was based on a French play, depicts relations between masters and their servants and satirizes the abuses of privilege.



E) Throughout his tragedies one senses his profound analysis of human character seized by passion.



E) Within one generation operas were performed in all the leading cities of Italy, and by the eighteenth century they had captured attention across Europe.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



40



2010 – KPSS / YD-CS 46. According to the passage, although science and technology differ with regard to their essential aims, ----.



45. – 48. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Science and technology are interdependent, but their basic goals differ. The goal of science is to understand natural phenomena. In contrast, the goal of technology is generally to apply scientific knowledge for some specific purpose. Biologists and other scientists often speak of “discoveries,” while engineers and other technologists more often speak of “inventions.” The beneficiaries of those inventions also include scientists, who put new technology to work in their research. Scientific discoveries often lead to new technologies. Moreover, the combination of science and technology has dramatic effects on society. For instance, the discovery of the structure of DNA more than 50 years ago and subsequent achievements in DNA science have led to various technologies of DNA engineering that are transforming many fields, including medicine, forensics, and agriculture.



A) the advancement of scientific knowledge wholly depends on the use of technology B) they are complementary to each other and have a close relationship C) it is technology that enables science to understand phenomena in nature fully D) no scientific progress can be made in medicine without the use of technology E) it is through the use of new technologies that scientific discoveries can best be evaluated



47. It is stressed in the passage that the cooperation of science and technology ----. A) ought to be far more efficient and productive B) has so far been achieved only in DNA science C) is a matter that has aroused much controversy among scientists D) is indispensable for the improvement of forensic studies



45. It is pointed out in the passage that the technologies developed through DNA engineering ----.



E) has always been for the good of society



A) are making fundamental changes in various fields, ranging from medicine to forensics and agriculture



48. The passage ----.



B) are being applied with some success in different fields of study, especially in forensics



A) mainly focuses on how and why science and technology depend on each other



C) need to be improved in order to make them more effective in medicine and forensics



B) is wholly concerned with the results of research in DNA science



D) have been in use for over 50 years, especially in the fields of medicine, forensics, and agriculture



C) emphasizes that scientific research is far more vital than its technological uses



E) are extremely complicated, but their use in medicine has been increasingly common



D) gives a full account of the changes that have been taking place in various fields E) rejects the view that no invention can be made without any scientific research



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



41



2010 – KPSS / YD-CS 50. As emphasized in the passage, contrary to Sparta, Athens ----.



49. – 52. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. In ancient Greece, Athens and Sparta both wanted to be the leading power. Athens was rich and more civilized, but Sparta was somewhat backward, though brave and well-organized. The Athenians had a splendid navy, while the Spartans had the besttrained soldiers. Both city-states had allies that would support them. They also had enemies who were looking for the chance to attack. Moreover, Athens and Sparta were rivals in another way. Each believed that their city had the best laws and lifestyle. The Spartans thought that the Athenians were soft and pleasure-seeking. The Athenians looked on the Spartans as being harsh and dull. In 461 B.C., Athens attacked Sparta and its allies. The fighting continued for 14 years until the Athenians won, and Sparta was forced to admit that Athens was the strongest power in Greece.



A) was a decadent city-state and, in military matters, depended only on its allies B) was much more advanced politically, culturally, and economically C) was unable to resolve the political crisis that undermined its military power D) had a lifestyle that was characterized by political and moral corruption E) always tried to impose its hegemony on all the city-states in Greece



51. One understands from the passage that the Athenians ----. A) were more experienced in naval and tactical matters than any other city-state B) had a deep-seated fear of the Spartans and, therefore, kept a well-trained army C) and the Spartans tried their best to live in peace and strengthen friendship D) always believed that, against their enemies, they could depend on the Spartans



49. As described in the passage, in ancient Greece, ----.



E) were biased against the Spartans and despised them



A) Sparta had the best legal system, which was much envied by the Athenians B) Athens had more allies than Sparta and collaborated with them to win the war C) Athens had the monopoly of overseas trade and caused the collapse of the Spartan economy



52. As pointed out in the passage, upon its defeat, Sparta ----.



D) there was a fierce rivalry between Athens and Sparta, which ultimately led to a war



A) accepted the conditions of peace jointly specified with the Athenians



E) the economic prosperity of Athens was completely ruined by the war with Sparta



B) lost its naval power completely to resist Athens C) had no other choice but to recognize Athens’s superiority D) was invaded by Athens, and its people were taken prisoners E) was deserted by its allies who, then, joined the Athenians



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



42



2010 – KPSS / YD-CS 55. We understand from the passage that the men who worked on the quilt in Wandsworth prison ----.



53. – 56. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. It was one of the curators at the Victoria and Albert Museum who suggested that it would be useful if prisoners at Wandsworth prison, an all-male prison, should spend some of their time doing embroidery and, in the end, produce a patchwork quilt. At first there was no response. But presently, one after another, prisoners asked for pieces of material and embroidery silks to take back to their cells. Suddenly, dozens of embroidered hexagon patches appeared−so many that the prisoners themselves formed a selection committee to choose which were good enough for the final quilt. They wanted not just the best pieces of sewing, but the ones that most accurately reflected their lives. The finished quilt will soon be on display at the Victoria and Albert Museum.



A) remained convinced that sewing was not a man’s work B) did so because they were obliged to C) grew to hate the work soon after the first excitement was over D) set themselves very low standards E) represented their lives on the patches they made



53. According to the passage, the idea of having prisoners at Wandsworth create a patchwork quilt ----. A) was immediately welcomed by the prison authorities and the prisoners alike B) came from a curator at the Victoria and Albert Museum C) only even appealed to a very small number of prisoners D) nearly had to be abandoned for security reasons E) had been tried out in several other prisons earlier



56. We learn from the passage that the selection committee at Wandsworth ----. A) supervised the design of the patchwork quilt B) had the curator of the Victoria and Albert Museum as its chair person



54. It is clear from the passage that, when work on the patchwork quilt got going in Wandsworth prison, ----.



C) decided that the quilt should go on display at the Victoria and Albert Museum



A) it had a very positive effect on the lives and attitudes of the prisoners



D) was made up entirely of prisoners



B) it was very strictly supervised by the prison authorities



E) wanted the quilt to contain hexagons worked by all the prisoners involved in the scheme



C) prisoners worked in groups and encouraged each other to work harder D) it was extremely popular right from the beginning E) some prisoners already knew how to make quilts



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



43



2010 – KPSS / YD-CS 59. As claimed in the passage, every culture in the world today ----.



57. – 60. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Astrology has been the single most influential pseudo-science in human history. The notion that our fate may be connected with the stars is present in almost all human cultures and dates from mankind’s earliest days. Indeed, the pyramids, chamber tombs and megaliths of ancient history were built to align with the heavens. Yet as science has replaced superstition in man’s affairs, astrology’s influence has, so to speak, declined enormously. In ancient times, men believed that the stars and planets played a direct role in human affairs, and the first astrologers were priest-magicians of unlimited power. After the Middle Ages, astrologers no longer believed the stars controlled our destinies but thought signs involving human affairs could be read in the heavens. Today, the powers claimed for astrology are much diminished, and the discipline is valued by most of its users for the insights it is believed to offer into personality types.



A) values the teachings of astrology as the most scientific facts B) embodies the idea that a man’s destiny is controlled by the stars C) attaches much importance to priest-magicians as leaders of social life D) makes use of astrology in order to settle various problems E) has various types of historic buildings such as pyramids and tombs



57. It is pointed out in the passage that, in our time, astrology ----. 60. As stated in the passage, the astrologers in the post-medieval period ----.



A) has once again drawn the attention of scientists since it is connected with the stars and planets B) is very popular throughout the world because people study it to manage their daily affairs



A) rejected the traditional view that human destiny was controlled by the stars



C) is a major rival of science since it provides valuable insights into human affairs



B) began to be regarded as priest-magicians with infinite power



D) has contributed enormously to our understanding of other cultures and communities



C) were hardly skilled in the interpretation of heavenly signs



E) is generally used as a means whereby, for some people, personality traits are revealed



D) played a pioneering role in the development of modern science E) contributed to the development of astronomy as a modern science



58. According to the passage, in ancient times, ----. A) it was commonly believed that man’s life was directly influenced by the stars and planets B) astrologers were believed to have superhuman powers given to them by the gods with whom they were in direct contact C) every community respected astrologers, who played a leading role in the solution of their political problems



TEST BİTTİ.



D) monumental structures were designed in order to control human destiny



CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.



E) astrology was the single most important branch of science, which was carefully studied by every member of a community



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



44



KAMU PERSONEL SEÇME SINAVI LİSANS 10 TEMMUZ 2010



YABANCI DİL TESTİ - İNGİLİZCE A KİTAPÇIĞI 1. B



21. C



41. C



2. A



22. E



42. D



3. E



23. D



43. A



4. C



24. A



44. E



5. B



25. B



45. A



6. D



26. C



46. B



7. C



27. D



47. E



8. A



28. E



48. A



9. E



29. D



49. D



10. C



30. A



50. B



11. D



31. B



51. E



12. B



32. C



52. C



13. A



33. A



53. B



14. E



34. B



54. A



15. A



35. E



55. E



16. C



36. C



56. D



17. D



37. D



57. E



18. A



38. C



58. A



19. B



39. E



59. B



20. D



40. D



60. A



YABANCI DİL TESTİ



İNGİLİZCE 1. Bu testte 80 soru vardır. 2. Cevap kâğıdında, sınav yabancı dilinizi (İNGİLİZCE) işaretlemeyi unutmayınız. 2010 – LYS5 / İNG 5. People who think they are overweight try to ---the problem by giving up various foods.



1. – 15. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



A) keep up



D) deal with



1. Probably the first Indian and Eskimo ---- in America came across the Bering Strait when the sea was frozen solid. A) origins



B) provinces D) workers



B) look after



C) put aside



E) get off



C) species



E) settlers



6. The wolves that ---- in Ethiopia some 100,000 years ago ---- into a separate and rare species. A) had arrived / will have evolved 2. Films with a great deal of violence in them are not ---- for young children. A) suitable



B) separate D) distinct



B) arrive / will evolve C) were arriving / had evolved



C) urgent



D) have arrived / evolved



E) complete



E) arrived / have evolved



3. In Austria, freshwater lakes and rivers are ---frozen for most of the winter. A) unfairly



B) partly D) suddenly



C) anxiously



7. People in England ---- books about Turkey since th the 15 century, but unfortunately an increase in quantity ---- by an increase in quality.



E) newly



A) had been writing / does not match B) are writing / will not be matched C) had written / are not matching 4. Humans developed the way they did because they had to run long distances in order to ----. A) return



B) admit D) compete



D) have been writing / has not been matched E) wrote / had not been matched



C) survive E) remain



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



38



2010 – LYS5 / İNG 8. It ---- weeks since Harry ---- his mother looking so relaxed and happy. A) is / would have seen



12. ---- folktales were preserved in written form, they were simply stories retold whenever a group of people with the same interests gathered. A) Whether



B) had been / would see



B) Before



D) Unless



C) would be / has seen



C) If



E) Whereas



D) will be / may have seen E) has been / saw



13. ---- I see her, she asks me to lend her some money. 9. Most of the writers of grammars of English ---teachers, but some early grammar books of English ---- by men such as playwrights, scientists or philosophers. A)



are / can be written



B)



have been / were written



C)



were / could have been written



D)



had been / were written



E)



may be / have been written



A) Whenever



D) Even if



B) in / off



C) on / under



D) onto / into



C) In case



E) Unless



14. Mountaineering can kill brain cells, ---- among climbers who do not suffer from altitude sickness.



10. Penguins are short-sighted ---- land, but see clearly ---- water. A) over / on



B) Although



A) further



B) just as D) even



C) almost



E) moreover



E) from / through



11. Beijing, ---- the year 1983, had hardly any cars, but it had more than three million bicycles, and people carried their children ---- the backs of their bicycles. A) in / on



B) at / at



C) by / to



D) through / in



15. Most wild animals are ---- shy that they run away as soon as they are disturbed. A) much



B) too D) such



C) as E) so



E) of / over



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



39



2010 – LYS5 / İNG 16. – 20. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



21. – 28. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz. 21. Because Thailand and Indonesia are geographically close to each other in East Asia, ----.



Today’s tomatoes, peppers and other agricultural produce do not have the same nutritional value (16)---- the fruits and vegetables of 50 years ago. Recently, levels of protein and vitamins (17)---- by as much as 38%. A (18)---- reason is the new growing techniques. We are making plants grow bigger and faster but not better. (19)----, one piece of advice could be “Eat more fruit and vegetables to make up (20)---- the lower levels of protein and vitamins.”



A) they can easily trade with each other B) they are different from each other in many ways C) their economies showed a fast growth in the 1990s D) they are both developing a hard-working and well-educated workforce E) the World Bank predicted that they would be included in the world’s top ten economies by 2015



16. A) as



B) like D) such as



C) more than E) so as



17. A) would drop



B) drop



C) will drop



D) have dropped



22. As she looked down into the garden from the balcony, ----. A) birds rarely sing at night



E) would have dropped



B) the sound of passing traffic would have disturbed her 18.



C) a dog suddenly ran out from among the bushes A) relative



B) likely D) previous



C) gradual



D) the grass should have been cut a week ago



E) sensitive



E) it rained heavily all that night



19.



23. ---- that does the rabies injection. A) Furthermore



B) Likewise



D) On the contrary



C) Therefore



A) In Ankara, there is only one hospital



E) For instance



B) Several new hospitals will soon be opened C) At that time, there were at least three hospitals in Erzurum



20. A) from



B) for D) at



D) The government has approved the new hospital project



C) with E) by



E) At the hospital, the number of patients has increased lately



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



40



2010 – LYS5 / İNG 24. ---- since she was in a hurry to get back.



27. Trees living in a downtown setting, ----, live, on average, for only seven years.



A) She recognized the bookshop at once B) The hotel was fairly near to the centre of town



A) whether all parts of a plant can be damaged by air pollution



C) She returned to the hotel by taxi



B) where air pollution is highest



D) Suddenly the car came to a stop



C) even if the leaves of a plant are most affected



E) It was already beginning to get dark



D) in case it can cause plants to die E) though one of the important factors is lack of water



25. This is my favourite magazine, ----. A) so I buy a copy nearly every month B) even though it may help me in many areas 28. The availability of a wide variety of tasty food could produce widespread obesity, ----.



C) since I cannot really tell why D) so that it is getting very expensive



A) although eating disorders of many different kinds are on the increase



E) which often makes me decide not to buy it anymore



B) as long as a stable weight is maintained C) which is exactly the situation that exists in many industrialized countries today D) since starvation exists in many parts of the world E) unless families had agreed to eat at home



26. Music in Paris nightclubs tends to follow the trends set in the US and Britain, ----. A) if they also host African, Brazilian and other groups B) since big jazz festivals are held right through the year C) whether opera and classical music are also performed D) just as there are numerous first-class clubs in the city E) but home-grown groups playing French pop are also popular



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



41



2010 – LYS5 / İNG 31. Knowledge has always been valued, and more knowledge should be shared.



29. – 34. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz.



A) Bilgili olana her zaman değer verilir ve bilgiler daha fazla insanla paylaşılmalıdır.



29. The coconut is harvested mainly for its oil, but in many countries, it is also used to make many things from musical instruments to spoons.



B) Her zaman, değerli bilginin daha fazlasını paylaşmak gerekir.



A) Hindistan cevizi temelde yağı için yetiştirilir ama çoğu ülkede müzik aletlerinden kaşığa kadar birçok şeyi yapmak için de kullanılır.



C) Değerli bilgilerin daha geniş çapta paylaşılması gerekir. D) Bilgi eğer değerliyse daha fazla paylaşılmalıdır.



B) Çoğu ülke, yağı için yetiştirdiği hindistan cevizinden, müzik aletlerinden kaşığa kadar birçok şeyi yapar.



E) Bilgiye her zaman değer verilmiştir ve daha fazla bilgi paylaşılmalıdır.



C) Pek çok ülkede hindistan cevizi, müzik aletlerinden kaşığa kadar birçok şeyin yapımında kullanılsa da, aslında yağı için yetiştirilir. D) Pek çok ülkede hindistan cevizinden sadece yağ değil, müzik aletlerinden kaşığa kadar birçok şey yapılır. E) Aslında çoğu zaman yağı için yetiştirilen hindistan cevizinden, çeşitli ülkelerde müzik aletlerinden kaşığa kadar birçok şey yapılır.



30. Life does not stay the same, so why should what we want from it always stay the same?



32. The civilization of the Hittites spread to Anatolia and Mesopotamia and lasted for 11 centuries.



A) Niçin hayattan beklediklerimiz değişmesin, hayat hiç değişmez mi ki?



A) Anadolu’ya ve Mezopotamya’ya yayılan Hitit uygarlığı, yaklaşık on bir yüzyıl sürdü.



B) Hayat aynı kalmadığına göre, ondan beklediklerimizin hep aynı kalması doğru mu?



B) Hitit uygarlığı, Anadolu’ya ve Mezopotamya’ya yayıldı ve on bir yüzyıl sürdü.



C) Hayat değişip durmasaydı ondan hep aynı şeyleri bekler miydik?



C) Anadolu’ya ve Mezopotamya’ya yayıldıktan sonra, Hitit uygarlığı on bir yüzyıl sürdü.



D) Hayat aynı kalmaz, o hâlde ondan beklediklerimiz niye hep aynı kalsın?



D) Hitit uygarlığı, hem Anadolu’ya hem Mezopotamya’ya yayılarak on bir yüzyıl sürdü.



E) Hayat durmadan değişiyor, öyleyse bizim ondan beklediklerimiz niçin aynı kalsın?



E) On bir yüzyıl süren Hitit uygarlığı, Anadolu’ya ve Mezopotamya’ya yayıldı.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



42



2010 – LYS5 / İNG 33. Modern astronomy began with Copernicus in the sixteenth century, who asserted that the Sun was at the centre of the solar system.



35. – 40. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz.



A) Kopernik, on altıncı yüzyılda, Güneş’in, güneş sisteminin merkezini oluşturduğunu belirtmiş ve böylece modern astronomiyi başlatmıştır.



35. Bazı insanlar, bir otorite tarafından yönlendirilmeye o kadar alışmıştır ki kendi başlarına düşünmeye başlamaları neredeyse imkânsızdır.



B) Güneş sisteminin merkezinin, Güneş olduğunu ileri süren Kopernik, modern astronominin on altıncı yüzyılda başladığını ifade etmiştir.



A) Some people find it impossible to think for themselves once they have got used to having an authority dictate to them.



C) Modern astronominin başlangıcı, Kopernik’in, on altıncı yüzyılda, Güneş’in, güneş sisteminin merkezi olduğunu ileri sürmesine dayanır.



B) For some people it is impossible to start thinking independently again since they are so used to being directed by an authority.



D) On altıncı yüzyılda Kopernik’in, güneş sisteminin merkezini, Güneş’in oluşturduğunu ifade etmesiyle, modern astronomi başlamıştır.



C) Some people cannot think for themselves because they are used to having an authority to think for them.



E) Modern astronomi, on altıncı yüzyılda, Güneş’in, güneş sisteminin merkezinde olduğunu öne süren Kopernik’le başlamıştır.



D) Some people who are used to being governed by an authority find it quite impossible to think for themselves. E) Some people are so used to being directed by an authority that it is almost impossible for them to start thinking for themselves.



34. The Van Gogh Museum has been transcribing and translating more than 900 of Van Gogh’s letters, many of which feature early sketches of his famous paintings. A) Van Gogh’un, Van Gogh Müzesi tarafından çoğu temize çekilerek çevirisi yapılan 900’den fazla mektubunda, ünlü resimlerinin ilk taslakları yer almaktadır. B) Van Gogh Müzesi’nin çoğunu temize çekip çevirisini yaptığı Van Gogh’un 900’den fazla mektubu, ünlü resimlerinin ilk taslaklarını içermektedir.



36. 83 yıllık hayatını Türk halk müziğine adamış olan Nidâ Tüfekçi, bir kalp krizinin ardından, tedavi gördüğü hastanede vefat etmişti. A) Nidâ Tüfekçi, who had dedicated his 83-yearlong life to Turkish folk music, passed away, following a heart attack, in the hospital where he was being treated. B) Nidâ Tüfekçi dedicated his 83-year-long life to Turkish folk music, and passed away in the hospital where he was being treated after a heart attack.



C) Van Gogh Müzesi’nde, çoğu ünlü resminin ilk taslaklarını gösteren Van Gogh’a ait mektupların 900’den fazlası temize çekilip bunların çevirisi yapılmıştır. D) Van Gogh Müzesi, Van Gogh’un, birçok ünlü resminin ilk taslaklarını gösteren 900’den fazla mektubunu temize çekmekte ve çevirisini yapmaktadır.



C) A heart attack caused Nidâ Tüfekçi, who had dedicated his 83-year-long life to Turkish folk music, to pass away in the hospital where he was being treated for heart trouble. D) Nidâ Tüfekçi, who had dedicated his life to Turkish folk music, died aged 83 in hospital where he was being treated for a heart condition.



E) Van Gogh Müzesi, Van Gogh’a ait 900’den fazla mektuptan, ünlü resimlerinin ilk taslaklarını gösterenlerin çoğunu temize çekmiş ve bunların çevirisini yapmıştır.



E) The 83-year-old Nidâ Tüfekçi, who had dedicated his life to Turkish folk music, was admitted to hospital with a heart condition, but died there.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



43



2010 – LYS5 / İNG 37. Birçok bilim adamı, büyük insan olarak kabul edilmiştir, ancak onlardan çok azı bu övgüye Isaac Newton kadar layıktır.



39. Dua edilen bir yer olmasının yanı sıra, Partenon Tapınağı, Atina’nın zenginliğini, gücünü ve sanatsever yaşam tarzını da simgeliyordu.



A) Among the great people in the scientific world, Isaac Newton is surely the one who most deserves this praise.



A) Though a place for prayers, the Parthenon temple perfectly represented the Athenians’s prosperity, wealth and art-loving way of life.



B) Isaac Newton is generally regarded as one of the greatest scientists who has ever lived and deserved all the praise he gets.



B) Not only was the Parthenon temple a place of worship, but it also put on display the wealth, power and art-loving life-style of Athens.



C) Many scientists have been regarded as great men, but very few of them have been as deserving of this praise as Isaac Newton.



C) As well as being a place to say prayers, the Parthenon temple also symbolized the wealth, power and art-loving life-style of Athens.



D) Although a lot of scientists have been regarded as great men, none of them deserves this praise as much as Isaac Newton does.



D) People used to pray in the Parthenon temple, but more than that it gave one a sense of the riches and the power of art-loving Athens.



E) There have been many great scientists but Isaac Newton is generally regarded as the greatest of them all.



E) The Parthenon temple, besides being a place of worship, also represented Athens together with its wealth and power and its art-loving life-style.



40. İlk dönem Osmanlı padişahları hakkındaki kaynaklar, mimari eserler ve bazı sikkeler dışında, yeterli değildir.



38. İtalya’nın batısında hâlâ hareketli bir liman şehri olan Livorno, Romalılar zamanından beri ticaret yolu üzerinde tanınmış bir durak yeri olmuştur.



A) Apart from some architectural works and some coins, there are no reliable records about the early Ottoman sultans.



A) Starting with Roman times, Livorno in western Italy has always been a popular stopping place along the trade route and still remains a busy port.



B) Except for some architectural works and coins, there are not enough sources related to the early Ottoman sultans.



B) Livorno in western Italy was a popular stopping place on the trade route even in Roman times and is still a busy port city.



C) The sources about the early Ottoman sultans are so scarce that very little is known about them, except through architectural works and coins.



C) Even in Roman times, Livorno in western Italy was a popular stopping place on the trade route and is now, once more, a busy port.



D) Sources about the early Ottoman sultans are not adequate except for architectural works and some coins.



D) As in Roman times, so again now, Livorno in western Italy is a popular stopping place for trading activities. E) Still a busy port city in western Italy, Livorno has been a popular stopping place on the trade route since Roman times.



E) Besides architectural works and coins, sources about the Ottoman sultans are fairly sufficient.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



44



2010 – LYS5 / İNG 42. We understand from the passage that human avatars are created ----.



41. – 43. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) because the atmosphere of Pandora does not allow humans to live there



After the release of his film Titanic in 1997, Director James Cameron announced that the next movie he would make would be Avatar. It took him years to produce the film as it had an astronomical budget that approached 400 million dollars. In the film, Jake and his team go to Pandora, a jungle-covered moon, searching for valuable minerals. Since humans are unable to breathe on Pandora, human avatars are created out of them. There, the Avatars meet the Na’vi, a humanoid race, with sparkling blue skin, and capabilities that are far greater than those of normal humans. A war breaks out between the Na’vi and the Avatars. Meanwhile, Jake falls in love with a Na’vi, and is forced to choose between the Avatars and his Na’vi love.



B) to persuade the Na’vi to make peace C) to cooperate with the Na’vi both militarily and technically D) so that the film can have a romantic theme E) with the help of valuable minerals



43. It is pointed out in the passage that the humanoid race, the Na’vi, ----.



41. It is clear from the passage that Director James Cameron ----.



A) are ultimately able to drive the Avatars out of Pandora



A) had not made any important films before Avatar B) spent a long time and a lot of money to make Avatar



B) have been living on Pandora as small communities



C) played the role of Jake in his own film



C) have physical features not different from those of human beings



D) preferred his Titanic to his last film, Avatar E) plans to make another expensive film in the near future



D) are superior to human beings in many respects E) have received Jake and his team with utmost hospitality



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



45



2010 – LYS5 / İNG 45. According to the passage, when the woman walked into the restaurant, ----.



44. – 46. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) she was received warmly by the manageress The woman hesitated as she came into the restaurant that had not yet opened for the day. She was about fifty or maybe more, with long hair streaked in gray but with the remains of red in it, and it was tied back loosely with a coloured scarf. She wore a long brown skirt almost to her ankles and an old-fashioned jacket, like the people way back in the seventies. She was neither shabby nor smart; she was just totally different. She was about to approach Nell Dunne, already seated in her place at the cash desk, when the manageress Brenda realized who she was.



B) there were only two people there: the manageress and the cashier C) Brenda was very pleased to see her back D) she knew exactly what was expected of her E) she was astonished to see that Nell Dunne was also there



46. It is clear from the passage that the identity of the woman ----.



44. The woman described in the passage ----. A) is dressed in fashionable clothes



A) has been kept secret from Brenda



B) is tall and well-dressed



B) is revealed to Nell Dunne later on



C) is no longer young and her hair is turning grey



C) was rather mysterious to Nell and Brenda



D) looks like most other women in their fifties



D) was in fact known to the manageress



E) sat down at a table in the restaurant



E) aroused much suspicion in the people in the restaurant



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



46



2010 – LYS5 / İNG 48. As is pointed out in the passage, before the coming of technology, ----.



47. – 49. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. In the past, before technology was used to monitor the weather accurately, people looked at the skies, watched how animals and plants behaved, and relied on signs and superstitions to forecast the weather. Indeed, some people still believe that, when cows lie down or a cat sneezes, it is going to rain. Nowadays, scientists who study the weather, called meteorologists, use many different methods to make their forecasts. Satellites monitor our weather and send information to computers at special processing stations. On the ground, weather stations all over the world record wind speeds and directions, temperature, clouds and air pressure.



A) the only way to learn about the weather was through the behaviour of plants and animals B) people tried to forecast the weather, but they were always mistaken C) the methods used to forecast the weather are all now regarded as completely useless D) several methods were used in an effort to forecast the weather E) people weren’t really interested in weather conditions



49. According to the passage, it is now possible, with the aid of technology, to forecast the weather, but ----.



47. It is clear from the passage that reasonably accurate weather forecasting ----. A) is just one stage in an effort to control the climate



A) it is still a very complex process



B) does not require much technological assistance



B) changing wind speeds can affect predictions



C) is of great importance to people engaged in agriculture



C) more satellites are necessary before we can achieve accurate forecasting



D) is of little importance to most people in the world



D) much relevant material is never processed



E) is now available worldwide



E) long-term forecasts are still far from accurate



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



47



2010 – LYS5 / İNG 51. According to the passage, crows ----.



50. – 52. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) have developed various ingenious ways to break walnuts



Crows are black birds, and they are very ugly. But they are also very clever. Or perhaps, since they have extremely long lives, they have time in which to collect a great deal of information. For instance, they have developed an excellent method of getting walnuts out of their shells. The first stage was to drop them from a height. If they fell on a soft surface they didn’t break; if they fell on a hard surface like a road, they often did. If they didn’t, however, passing cars would crush the walnuts. But one problem remained. It is difficult for a crow to eat crushed walnuts when a lot of cars are passing. In the end, this problem, too, was solved. They started to drop the walnuts just ahead of the traffic lights.



B) are a major threat to safety on roads C) are mostly killed by passing cars while they are feeding D) avoid eating walnuts even though they are crushed by cars E) are generally attracted by the traffic lights because of their colours



52. The passage suggests that the long natural lifespan of the crow ----.



50. From the passage, we learn ----. A) all about the life-style of the crow



A) is the result of its healthy eating habits



B) why the crow lives longer than most other birds



B) is necessary since so many are killed on the roads



C) how the crow manages to eat the soft, inside part of the walnut D) how the crow’s habits are a threat to the driver



C) is important because it enables them to collect and test a lot of facts



E) why birds are often described as “brainless”



D) gives them an advantage over other birds E) has never been proved



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



48



2010 – LYS5 / İNG 54. The writer of the passage ----.



53. – 55. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) doesn’t believe that the remedies the Fijians offer can bring any relief



It’s hard to find a native tree or plant in Fiji that’s not used by native Fijians for its medicinal properties. Herbal medicine is not the alternative here, but the norm. Villagers possess an immense knowledge of the plants around them and their uses. These have been accumulated over thousands of years and passed from generation to generation. If you fall or suffer a bit of indigestion on a village tour, you’ll soon be offered a remedy. It might not taste good but, chances are, it’ll work. One of Fiji’s most intriguing sources of herbal remedies is the noni tree. It is an evergreen and grows up to 7 metres tall; it produces a nasty smell and bitter tasting fruit. While decidedly disgusting to many of our senses, noni juice is gaining growing approval from consumers around the world for its ability to help, among many other things, relieve arthritis, rheumatism, digestive disorders, and even the effects of ageing.



B) has a positive attitude towards the local remedies of the Fijians C) admires the Fijians for collecting so much knowledge about trees and plants, but thinks it is all useless D) thinks that some of the remedies proposed may be dangerous E) notes that the Fijians only use a very few of their trees and plants in their remedies



55. From the passage we learn that the noni tree ----.



53. The passage is largely about ----. A) the medicinal properties of trees and plants in Fiji B) the way of life of the people of Fiji



A) has traditionally been avoided by Fijians on account of its bad smell B) doesn’t grow very tall but produces large quantities of delicious fruit



C) why the medicinal properties of the trees and plants of Fiji are distrusted by most of the world D) the increase in interest in the properties of the noni tree outside of Fiji



C) has powerful medicinal properties, but they are limited to the treatment of arthritis and rheumatism



E) plans to grow the noni tree elsewhere in the world



D) is afforded less value in Fiji than in any other country E) has aroused considerable interest around the world because of its medicinal properties



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



49



2010 – LYS5 / İNG 58. The view of the city from the top floor of the hotel is absolutely wonderful, especially at night when all the lights are on.



56. – 60. sorularda, verilen cümleye anlamca en yakın olan cümleyi bulunuz.



A) The view of the city, especially at night when it’s all lit up, is well worth a visit to the top floor of the hotel.



56. In extremely cold regions, many animals hibernate, that is, they sleep through the winter, because in this way they can survive. A) Many animals sleep through the winter, that is, they hibernate, in really cold parts of the world, as this makes it possible for them to survive.



B) You must go up to the top floor of the hotel, preferably at night, for a magnificent view of the city and its lights.



B) Hibernation, or the practice of sleeping right through the winter, is a survival technique favoured by many animals in very cold regions.



C) From the top floor of the hotel you get a truly splendid view of the city, particularly at night when it’s all lit up.



C) Many of the animals that hibernate, that is, sleep through the long, cold winters, do so from choice, not necessity.



D) Be sure to go to the top floor of the hotel to get a magnificent view of the city and its lights.



D) When the winters are particularly cold, many animals choose to hibernate, that is, sleep through the long dark days and increase their chances of survival.



E) After dark when the lights have come on, you get an unforgettable view of the city from the top floor of the hotel.



E) In order to survive in the coldest parts of the world, many animals are forced to hibernate, or sleep through at least a part of the winter.



59. Even if one forgets about the dangers involved, coal-mining cannot be a very attractive way of earning a living.



57. When UNICEF was established in 1946, its main aim was to provide help for the many children in need as a result of World War II.



A) It’s the risks that are involved that really make coal-mining such an unattractive form of employment.



A) When it was founded in 1946, UNICEF took a number of steps to improve the conditions of children that survived World War II. B) In 1946, soon after the end of World War II, UNICEF was set up to assist children throughout the world. C) Because so many children had suffered during World War II, UNICEF was set up in 1946 to give them a better education.



B) Working in a coal mine must be rather an unpleasant form of employment even when one ignores the risks. C) Work in a coal mine may still be unpleasant but there are no more risks than in other forms of employment. D) Work in a coal mine is not the only form of employment that has unpleasant aspects and even risks.



D) In 1946 UNICEF was set up primarily because, as a result of World War II, large numbers of children were in need of help.



E) It’s hard to imagine anyone enjoying working for a living in a coal mine even if it is perfectly safe.



E) Following World War II, UNICEF was set up in 1946 and has since made great efforts to help children in the world.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



50



2010 – LYS5 / İNG 60. If the meeting has to be on Monday, I can probably manage to come; but I’d much prefer Tuesday.



62. It is tempting to think that television is like cinema. ---- In many ways, however, television is nothing like cinema.



A) Tuesday would suit me much better than Monday, but if the meeting’s got to be on Monday I’ll do my best to come.



A) In its early days, certainly, people tended to think so. B) For instance, news-readers face the camera directly and appear to be talking to the person watching.



B) I won’t be able to come to the Monday meeting, but I’ll come to the Tuesday meeting. C) It would suit me better if the meeting was held on Tuesday as usual, but I suppose I could manage Monday. D) If the Tuesday meeting is put back to Monday, I don’t think I will be able to come.



C) Television watching occupies more time than all other leisure pursuits. D) So it seems obvious that television is important in everyday life. E) Thus television has become an important part of family life.



E) I can’t come to a meeting on Monday, but I can on Tuesday; would that be suitable?



61. – 65. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz. th 63. Magazines first appeared in the 18 century and were usually published weekly or monthly. ---When they began to accept advertisements, however, they came down in price and more people could buy them.



61. Pera Palace is a fascinating hotel because the building is a historical one. Situated within the hotel is a bookshop with a unique atmosphere. ---- These include old books, maps and engravings.



A) Generally speaking, sales of magazines are on the increase.



A) It is decorated with antique furniture and sculpture.



B) Many are designed for a particular audience, for example for football enthusiasts.



B) This bookshop is visited and admired by the customers of the hotel and also by the locals.



C) Magazines for animal-lovers soon became popular.



C) There is nothing modern at all for sale in the bookshop.



D) From the beginning, a lot of magazines published short stories.



D) In the bookshop, there are all sorts of rare publications and prints. E) Being situated there, it earns good money for the owners.



E) To start with, they were far from cheap, and most people could not afford them.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



51



2010 – LYS5 / İNG 64. Paris, which is the capital of France, is situated on the Seine. It is a beautiful and historic city and has, therefore, become one of the world’s main tourist centres. ---- These might include things as diverse as a visit to the Louvre and to the Euro Disney Theme Park. A) It has for several centuries been a centre of fashion.



66. – 70. sorularda, verilen durumda söylenmiş olabilecek sözü bulunuz. 66. Your sister wants to buy books for summer reading, and asks for your help and suggestions. You want to help her choose well and say: A) I’m not sure about your likes and dislikes, so I can’t recommend any specific books.



B) Paris is especially famous for its museums.



B) With any book, read the topic and reviews on the back cover and a few random pages.



C) There are a great many things for a visitor to do there.



C) Why don’t you choose your own books yourself? Nobody can help you.



D) Many of the world’s luxury goods are produced in Paris.



D) I’m sorry, but I don’t know what’s available on the market at the moment.



E) The Palace of Versailles is just 23 kilometres south west of Paris.



E) I always get best-sellers; but a lot of them aren’t much good.



65. When Henry saw the car coming, he realized at once that it was bringing another group of visitors. He hated these visitors. ---- In doing so, they took up his valuable time. All he wanted to do was to get on with excavating the archaeological site he was working on.



67. You are interviewing applicants for a post in the furniture department of a large store. You want to make the applicant talk about himself, so you say: A) Is this the first time you are applying for a job?



A) They always wanted an extensive tour of the site.



B) You do realize, don’t you, that you’ll be expected to work hard?



B) Most of them knew nothing at all about archaeology.



C) Tell me why you think you could make a success of this job.



C) The questions they asked showed how ignorant they were.



D) Criticize the furniture in this office. E) Do you like modern styles in furniture or classical styles?



D) They complained about the heat and about the dust. E) The team members all felt the same as he did.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



52



2010 – LYS5 / İNG 68. Both you and your brother are in the school basketball team. Your coach sees you and asks you to tell your brother to get in touch with him as soon as possible. As you are not likely to see him for a while, you leave him a note, saying:



70. The sister of a close friend of yours has got an ankle injury playing tennis. You don’t know how bad it is, but you send a message of sympathy on the cell phone, and promise to call round soon. You say:



A) The coach wants to see you, not me! You’d better hurry.



A) Ankle injuries don’t recover quickly! Take care and get plenty of rest!



B) The coach seems annoyed about something. You’d better find him quick.



B) What were you doing to fall and break your ankle?



C) The coach wants to see you about something; but there’s no hurry.



C) Sorry to hear about the accident. Hope it’s not too serious. I will call round in a day or too.



D) The coach was looking for you. Could be good news!



D) Glad to hear you’re nearly back to normal. But no more tennis for a while!



E) The coach wants to see you. You’d better find him right away.



E) Don’t worry! You’ll probably be playing tennis again by the end of the month.



71. – 75. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz. 69. A friend is taking his driving test and is feeling rather excited about it. You have two pieces of advice for him which you think will be helpful. You say:



71. Carl: - When does your bus leave? Brian: - At 8.30. So we’ve got a couple of hours.



A) Keep calm and listen carefully to whatever instructions are given. B) Stop worrying! If you don’t pass this test, you’ll pass the next one.



Carl: - ----



C) It’s important to look confident.



Brian: - That’s just what I was going to suggest.



D) After all, most people don’t pass the test first time.



A) Fine. Then let’s go and get something to eat.



E) If you pass, I’ll take you out to lunch.



B) Are you hungry by any chance? C) We can’t do much in two hours. D) Where’s your luggage? Do you only have the one bag? E) It’s been good seeing you! Come again soon!



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



53



2010 – LYS5 / İNG 72. Richard: - There must be an explanation for why gossiping is so popular.



73. Interviewer: - Are you unhappy about the lack of privacy? Film Star: - Not at all. Privacy has never been that important to me.



Mary: - ----



Interviewer: - ----



Richard: - Isn’t it more likely to disconnect us from the people we gossip about?



Film Star: - Well, why would you choose this sort of a life and then worry about privacy?



Mary: - I see your point, but what they mean is “nice” gossip.



A) That’s exactly what I think about it.



A) Yes, it is done intensively all over the world.



B) So, you’re complaining about it?



B) In fact, there is. Psychologists say that gossip makes us feel connected to others.



C) Really? That surprises me.



C) Well, what’s your explanation?



D) That sounds like a good idea.



D) When there is gossip about public figures, it seems to make them more human.



E) My private life has to be my own.



E) People may say they don’t gossip ‒ but usually they do!



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



54



2010 – LYS5 / İNG 74. Liz: - What did you think of the play?



75. Peter: - Are you going to join one of the further training schemes the bank is offering?



Bob: - It was great fun to watch. There was so much colour and activity in it.



James: - ----



Liz: - ----



Peter: - Yes; you really ought to. But at least explain the situation to the manager.



Bob: - No; not really. I must watch it again to get the main idea.



James: - Good idea. I’ll do that.



A) Wasn’t the scene where they danced terrific?



A) No; I’m content with things as they are.



B) I wish they had included some music to make it more enjoyable.



B) No; I like to keep my evenings free. C) I’m not sure. I’ll think it over.



C) Even though the stage was very small and dark.



D) No, I’m not. Things are difficult at home as you know. But I know I ought to.



D) What did you think of the acting? E) Yes; that’s true. But did you understand it?



E) Perhaps. I’m still thinking about it. What about you?



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



55



2010 – LYS5 / İNG 79. (I) We travelled to this small and remote Pacific island, expecting decay, deprivation and frustration. (II) Instead, we found beauty, determination and inspiration. (III) In fact, the island is always hit by hurricanes that cause much destruction. (IV) The people there all looked as if they had a special mission, a vision and a destination. (V) Hardly anyone was just hanging about doing nothing.



76. – 80. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. 76. (I) Tai Chi is a classical Chinese military-style exercise. (II) We call it classical because it was th developed in the 12 century. (III) It was, however, designed as much for health and long life benefits as for defence. (IV) Today, advocates around the world practise it as a way to improve their health and lower stress. (V) Indeed, yoga is declining in popularity. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



E) V



77. (I) Alison never had any stories to tell about the restaurant where she worked as a cashier. (II) “It’s just a job”, she would say. (III) “I sit there and take their credit cards or their cash. (IV) How many jobs are so full of variety? (V) At the end of the day I come home; at the end of the week I get my wages.” A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



80. (I) Harry Kane, with two older partners, ran a new and very successful insurance firm. (II) It was taking a lot of business from the older, more established companies. (III) Some people looked on it with suspicion. (IV) The offices were large and beautifully furnished. (V) They thought it was growing too big and too fast; and they thought it would soon be in trouble. A) I



78. (I) Winters in Toronto, Canada, are white and cold with icy sidewalks and life-threateningly low temperatures. (II) Yet the summers are for the most part hot and sunny. (III) These harsh winter conditions, however, actually present no problems. (IV) This is partly because one can reach any part of the town by underground. (V) And partly because there is a vast shopping mall spread out beneath the city. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



TEST BİTTİ. CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.



E) V



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



56



LİSANS YERLEŞTİRME SINAVI - 5 (LYS-5) 19 HAZİRAN 2010



YABANCI DİL TESTİ İNGİLİZCE



1. E



21. A



41. B



61. D



2. A



22. C



42. A



62. A



3. B



23. A



43. D



63. E



4. C



24. C



44. C



64. C



5. D



25. A



45. B



65. A



6. E



26. E



46. D



66. B



7. D



27. B



47. E



67. C



8. E



28. C



48. D



68. E



9. B



29. A



49. A



69. A



10. C



30. D



50. C



70. C



11. A



31. E



51. A



71. A



12. B



32. B



52. C



72. B



13. A



33. E



53. A



73. C



14. D



34. D



54. B



74. E



15. E



35. E



55. E



75. D



16. A



36. A



56. A



76. E



17. D



37. C



57. D



77. D



18. B



38. E



58. C



78. B



19. C



39. C



59. B



79. C



20. B



40. D



60. A



80. D



2010 - TUS İlkbahar / İNG 3. Parçaya göre, menorajiye sıklıkla eşlik eden ve traneksamik asidin düzelttiği aktivite aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



1. – 5. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Reseptörde aşırı duyarlılaşma



Menorrhagia can be incapacitating for some women. Heavy menstrual periods can cause pain, mood swings, and disruptions to work and family life. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved tranexamic acid tablets as the first nonhormonal product for the treatment of menorrhagia. Tranexamic acid exerts its effects by competitively binding to the lysine receptor sites of plasminogen, thereby helping to normalize the hyperfibrinolytic activity often present in menorrhagia. The FDA notes that concomitant use of tranexamic acid with hormonal contraceptives may increase the risk for thrombosis, stroke, and myocardial infarction. Women should only use the products together if there is a strong medical need and potential benefits outweigh therapeutic risks. Tranexamic acid previously was approved as an injection for shortterm use in patients with haemophilia to reduce or prevent haemorrhage and reduce the need for replacement therapy during and after tooth extraction.



B) Artmış fibrinoliz C) Reseptöre bağlanmada artış D) Lizin yapımı E) Plazminojen artışı



4. Parçaya göre, traneksamik asidin riskleri aşağıdaki durumların hangisinde artar? A) Hormonal bozukluklarda B) Birlikte gebelikten koruyucu hormonlar kullanıldığında C) İnme geçirilmesi durumunda



1. Parçada sözü edilen aşırı âdet kanamalarıyla ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi yanlıştır?



D) Tromboz durumunda E) Enfarktüs riski taşınması durumunda



A) Aile hayatını olumsuz etkileyebilir. B) Ağrı nedeni olabilir. C) İş hayatını engelleyebilir. D) Duygudurumda değişikliklere yol açabilir. E) Bazen kadınları kansız bırakabilir.



5. Parçada, traneksamik asidin aşağıdaki durumlardan hangisinde kullanımı için eskiden izin alındığı söylenmektedir? A) Diş çekimi öncesinde ve sonrasında



2. Parçada, traneksamik asid ile ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmemektedir?



B) Olası yararı olası zararından fazla olduğunda



A) Enjeksiyon şeklinde de kullanılabilir.



C) Aşırı ve kronik kanama durumlarında



B) Hormon olmayan bir üründür.



D) Hormon replasman tedavisi ile birlikte



C) Menoraji için FDA izni almış ilk tedavi yöntemidir.



E) Hemofili görüldüğünde



D) Ağızdan verilen tablet formu onaylanmıştır. E) Menoraji tedavisinde kullanılır.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



1



2010 - TUS İlkbahar / İNG 8. Parçada, ilaçların sıklıkla aşağıdakilerden hangisini tetiklediği ileri sürülmektedir?



6. – 10. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Enfeksiyonu Symptoms of hypothyroidism can manifest in all organ systems and range in severity based on the degree of hormone deficiency. The disease typically progresses over months to years but can occur quickly following cessation of thyroid replacement medication or surgical removal of the thyroid gland. The term myxedema refers to the thickened, nonpitting edematous changes to the soft tissues of patients in a markedly hypothyroid state. Myxedema coma, a rare, life-threatening condition, occurs late in the progression of hypothyroidism. The condition is seen typically in elderly women and is often precipitated by infection, medication, environmental exposure, or other metabolic-related stresses. Since rapid confirmatory laboratory tests are often unavailable, the diagnosis may be made on clinical grounds with treatment started promptly. Treatment of myxedema coma requires potentially toxic doses of thyroid hormone, and mortality rates exceeding 20% have been reported even with optimum therapy.



B) Miksödemi C) Çevresel faktörlerin aktivasyonunu D) Metabolik bozuklukları E) Stresi



9. Parçada, laboratuvar testleriyle ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmektedir? A) Yapılmadan klinik tanıya geçilebilir. B) Tanı koymada yardımcıdır.



6. Parçada, hipotiroidizm ile ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmemektedir?



C) Ucuzdur.



A) Tipik olarak aylar ya da yıllar içinde gelişebilir.



D) Yaygın olarak uygulanmaktadır.



B) Tiroidin cerrahi olarak alınmasının ardından hemen ortaya çıkar.



E) Hızla sonuç verir.



C) Belirtilerin şiddeti hormon yetersizliğinin düzeyi ile orantılıdır. D) Tiroid ilacının başlanması tablonun hızla düzelmesine yol açar. E) Belirtilerini tüm organ sistemlerinde gösterebilir. 10. Parçada, miksödem komasının tedavisiyle ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi ileri sürülmektedir? A) Ancak % 20 olguda iyileşme sağlanabilir. B) Toksik etki nadiren görülür.



7. Parçada, miksödem ile ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmemektedir?



C) Tedavinin yan etkisi ile mortalite görülebilir.



A) Tipik olarak yaşlı kadınlarda görülür.



D) Çok yüksek dozda tiroid hormonu gerektirir.



B) Yumuşak dokuda kalınlaşma şeklindedir.



E) İlaçlara cevap hızlıdır.



C) Belirgin hormon azlığında görülür. D) Koma ileri gelişim evresinde görülür. E) Nadiren yaşamı tehdit eder.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



2



2010 - TUS İlkbahar / İNG 12. Parçaya göre, 65 yaşın üzerindeki erişkinlerde aşağıdakilerden hangisi belirgin morbiditeye yol açabilir?



11. – 15. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Hemodinamik dengesizlik



Diverticular bleeding is the source of 17 to 40 per cent of lower gastrointestinal (GI) haemorrhage in adults, making it the most common cause of lower GI bleeding. The most common presentation is massive, painless rectal haemorrhage. In approximately 80% of patients, diverticular haemorrhage resolves spontaneously. In adults older than 65 years, diverticular haemorrhage can lead to significant morbidity, especially in those with hemodynamic instability and comorbid conditions, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic renal insufficiency, and coronary artery disease. Patients with severe bleeding should be treated emergently with resuscitative measures including airway maintenance, supplemental oxygen as needed, measurement of haemoglobin and haematocrit levels, and blood typing and crossmatching. Intensive care unit admission is recommended for patients with severe bleeding or significant comorbidities. Because bleeding is self-limited in 86% of patients, and because nonsurgical techniques to control bleeding have a high success rate, surgery is seldom necessary. Because of hypotension and comorbid conditions, the mortality rate in patients undergoing emergency surgery for uncontrolled bleeding is 10% to 20%. Subtotal colectomy should be performed only in patients with uncontrolled, massive, nonlocalized lower GI bleeding refractory to other interventions, because of high morbidity (37%) and mortality rates (11%-33%). During 1 year follow-up in one study, rebleeding rate was zero for subtotal colectomy, 14% for segmental resection with localization of bleeding, and 42% with segmental resection with nonlocalization of bleeding.



B) Hipertansiyon C) Diyabet D) Kronik akciğer hastalığı E) Divertiküler kanama



13. Parçada, ciddi divertiküler kanamayla başvuran olgulara yaklaşımla ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi önerilmemektedir? A) Acil olarak kan verilmelidir. B) Hava yolu korunmalıdır. C) Gerektiğinde oksijen desteği verilmelidir. D) Hemoglobin değerleri izlenmelidir. E) Kan grubu tiplemesi yapılmalıdır.



14. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisi cerrahi tedavinin nadiren gerekmesine neden olarak gösterilmiştir? A) Kanama görülen olguların çoğunlukla sağlıklı olmaları B) Çoğu olguda kanamanın miktar olarak az olması C) Cerrahi mortalitenin yüksek olması D) Cerrahi dışı yöntemlerin kanama kontrolünde başarılı olması E) Çoğu kez hastaneye gelene kadar kanamanın durmuş olması



11. Parçaya göre, aşağıdakilerden hangisi divertiküler kanamayla ilgili olarak yanlıştır? 15. Parçada sözü edilen kanamaya farklı yaklaşımlar ve bunlarla bağlantılı olarak verilen oranlarla ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi yanlıştır?



A) Aşırı miktarda ve ağrısız rektal kanama, en sık görüldüğü şeklidir. B) Alt GI kanamanın en sık nedenidir.



A) Subtotal kolektomi ile morbidite % 37’dir.



C) Yaşlı erişkinlerde daha sıktır.



B) Kanamanın lokalize edilemediği olgularda kolektomi ile mortalite % 42’dir.



D) Yetişkinlerde % 17-40 oranında alt GI hemorajinin kaynağıdır.



C) Subtotal kolektomi ile mortalite % 11-33’tür.



E) Olguların % 80’inde kendiliğinden düzelir.



D) Segmental rezeksiyon ile tekrar kanama sıklığı % 14’tür. E) Kontrol edilemeyen kanamayla ilgili acil cerrahide mortalite % 10-20’dir. Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



3



2010 - TUS İlkbahar / İNG 18. Parçada sözü edilen çalışmada, ölüm oranları aşağıdakilerden hangisinde araştırılmıştır?



16. – 20. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Kanser dışı nedenlerle hastanede yatanlarda As the number of young cancer survivors grows, so do concerns about the effects of treatment on reproductive outcomes. In a retrospective cohort study, researchers evaluated outcomes of first live births in almost 2,000 women with histories of childhood or adolescent cancers (genital tract cancers were analyzed separately) compared with 14,300 women without cancer histories. Overall, cancer survivors’ offspring were not at excess risk for malformations, infant death and birth weight < 2,500 gr; moreover, sex ratios were similar to those in children of women who did not have childhood or adolescent cancer histories. Infants born to cancer survivors were more likely to be delivered before 37 weeks’ gestation (relative risk, 1.5). Caesarean delivery was not more common in women with histories of cancers in the abdomen or pelvis but was twice as common in bone cancer survivors as in controls.



B) Ailevi kanser öyküsü bulunanlarda C) Kanser tanısı konulanlarda D) Kansere yakalanmış çocuk ve ergenlerde E) Sağ kalan kanser olgularının çocuklarında



19. Parçaya göre, genel olarak kanser öyküsü olanların gebelik ve yenidoğan prognozları bağlamında aşağıdakilerden hangisi artmıştır?



16. Parçada sözü edilen kanser tedavisinin bireylerin üreme potansiyellerine etkileri konusundaki giderek artan endişeler aşağıdakilerden hangisiyle ilişkilendirilmiştir?



A) Malforme bebek doğumu B) Çocuk ölümü



A) Genç yaştaki kanser olgularının artmasıyla



C) 2.500 g altı bebek doğumu



B) Sağ kalan genç kanser olgularının sayısının artmasıyla



D) Erken doğum E) Kız bebek doğum oranı



C) Toplumdaki genç popülasyonun giderek artmasıyla D) Kanser tedavisi ile yaşam sürelerinin uzamasıyla E) Kanser görülme sıklığının katlanarak artmasıyla



17. Parçada sözü edilen çalışmadaki 2.000 kadın ile 14.300 kadın aşağıdaki hangi parametre açısından karşılaştırılmıştır?



20. Parçada, sezaryen ile doğum oranlarında aşağıdaki hangi kanserin tedavisinden sonra bir artış görüldüğü iddia edilmektedir?



A) İlk doğurdukları bebeklerin kanser öyküleri



A) Kemik



B) Canlı bebek doğurma sayıları



B) Genital D) Over



C) Meme



E) Kemik iliği



C) İlk doğurdukları bebeklerinin prognozları D) Ergenliklerindeki kanser öyküleri E) Doğum yapma sıklıkları



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



4



2010 - TUS İlkbahar / İNG 23. Parçada sözü edilen araştırmada karşılaştırılan 2 olgu grubunun özellikleri aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



21. – 25. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Antibiyotik kullanıp doğum yapmış ve yapmamış olanlar



Antibacterial drugs are among the most commonly used medications during pregnancy. Investigators analyzed data from a national birth defects study to compare antibiotic use in 13,155 mothers of infants with at least one major birth defect and 4,941 randomly selected mothers of infants without birth defects from the same geographic region and born during the same period. Antibiotic use was determined by telephone interview 6 weeks to 2 years after the pregnancy. Exposure to antibiotics was defined as reported use during the month before the estimated date of conception through the end of the first trimester; 14% of cases and 14% of controls used antibiotics during this interval. The authors note the limitations of this retrospective study, including the major limitation that causality cannot be determined. However, the results are reassuring. Penicillins, erythromycins, and cephalosporins appear to be safe. Sulfonamides and nitrofurantoins appear to be associated with several birth defects and should be avoided if possible. Quinolones, used infrequently by women in this study, are not recommended for use during pregnancy.



B) Antibiyotik kullananlar ve kullanmayanlar C) Çocuğunda en az 1 doğumsal defekt bulunanlar ve bulunmayanlar D) Gebeliğin ilk ve ikinci 3 ayında antibiyotik kullananlar E) Normal çocuk doğurup antibiyotik kullananlar ve kullanmayanlar



24. Parçada sözü edilen araştırmada, antibiyotikler aşağıdaki hangi dönemde kullanılmıştır? A) Gebe kaldıktan sonra ile 1. trimester sonu arasında B) Gebe kalmadan önceki ay başlanıp 1. trimester sonuna kadar



21. Parçada, antibiyotiklerin kullanımıyla ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmektedir?



C) Gebeliğin 1. ayı ile 1. trimester süresince



A) Gebelikte çok sık kullanılan ilaçlardan birisidir.



D) Gebeliğin 1. trimesterinden sonra



B) En sık kullanıldığı süreç gebeliktir.



E) Gebeliğin herhangi bir döneminde



C) En sık kullananlar arasında gebeler de vardır. D) Gebelikte en sık kullanılan ilaç grubudur. E) Gebelikte en sık kullanılan ilaçlar arasındadır. 25. Aşağıdakilerden hangisi parçada sözü edilen araştırmada ulaşılan sonuçlar arasında yer almamaktadır?



22. Aşağıdakilerden hangisi parçada sözü edilen araştırmanın özelliklerinden biri değildir? A) Anketler doğumdan hemen sonra gerçekleştirilmiştir.



A) Sulfonamid ve nitrofurantoinler mümkünse verilmemelidir.



B) Aynı zaman diliminde ve coğrafi bölgede doğan bebekler incelenmiştir.



B) Çalışma sonuçları her şeye rağmen güven vericidir.



C) Olgu ve kontrol gruplarında antibiyotik kullananların oranları eşittir.



C) Penisilin, eritromisin ve sefalosporinler güvenli gibi görünmektedir.



D) Telefonla anket yapılmıştır.



D) Kinolonlar gebelikte nadiren önerilen antibiyotiklerdendir.



E) Ulusal doğumsal defektler çalışmasının verileri analiz edilmiştir.



E) Çalışmanın en önemli handikabı sebep-sonuç ilişkisinin gösterilememesidir.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



5



2010 - TUS İlkbahar / İNG 27. Parçada sözü edilen araştırmacılar, kuaförlerin kontrol olgularına göre aşağıdaki hangi özellik açısından farksız olduklarını iddia etmektedirler?



26. – 30. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Doğum öyküsü



Specialists conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study of all female hairdressers under the age of 50 years who were working in registered salons. The 310 hairdressers who comprised the final study group were matched by a control group of 310 female shop assistants and office workers. The questionnaire used in the study contained 22 questions about socio-demographic variables, occupational variables, and reproductive health. In their paper, the researchers write that the hairdressers were younger than the control group. The hairdressers also tended to have a higher body mass index, a lower level of education, and were more likely to smoke. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of obstetric history. A higher proportion of hairdressers reported having received specialist treatment for a menstrual disorder in the previous 12 months, compared with the women in the control group. Similarly, a higher proportion of hairdressers reported subfertility compared with the control group. The researchers also found that years worked as a hairdresser was an important factor affecting risk. The risk of subfertility was 8.1 per cent in hairdressers who had worked in the profession for 10 years or more, compared with 2.6 per cent in the control group. The opposite effect was seen for menstrual disorders; the risk was significantly higher only in hairdressers who had worked in the profession for 9 or fewer years, compared with the control group. Women who had been in the profession for 10 years or more had no such raised risk. The researchers note that chemicals present in hairdressing salons may be responsible (many of which have been demonstrated to have adverse effects on reproduction). They add that further work involving larger populations is needed in order to more accurately determine occupational exposure and associated risks in terms of reproductive health.



B) Vücut kitle indeksi C) Eğitim düzeyi D) Sigara alışkanlığı E) Çalışma süresi



28. Parçada sözü edilen araştırma sonuçlarına göre, kuaförlerde kontrol grubuna göre bazı parametrelerde değişiklikler saptanmıştır. Aşağıdakilerden hangisi bunlardan birisi değildir? A) Daha yüksek bir oranı, fertilite azalması tanımlamıştır. B) Âdet bozukluğu 10 yıl ve üzeri sürede çalışanlarda daha belirgindir. C) Meslekte geçirilen süre, riski etkileyen önemli bir faktör olarak bulunmuştur. D) Meslekte geçirilen 10 yıl ve üzeri süre fertiliteyi daha da azaltmıştır. E) Daha yüksek bir oranı, âdet bozukluğu tedavisi görmüştür.



29. Parçada, üreme konusunda yan etkiler gösterdiği iddia edilen faktör aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Stres



B) Obesite D) Kimyasallar



26. Parçaya göre, aşağıdakilerden hangisi kadın kuaförler üzerinde yapıldığı söylenen çalışmanın özelliklerinden biri değildir?



C) İleri yaş



E) Sigara



30. Parçada sözü edilen araştırmacılar, üreme sağlığı risklerini daha doğru tanımlayabilmek için aşağıdakilerden hangisini gerekli görmüşlerdir?



A) Kuaförler bayan satış asistanları ve ofis çalışanları ile karşılaştırılmışlardır.



A) Daha büyük popülasyonlarda araştırma yapmayı



B) Olguların tümü ruhsatlı salonlarda çalışan 50 yaş altı kadınlardır.



B) Farklı meslek grupları üzerinde çalışmayı



C) Ankette 22 değişken sorgulanmıştır.



C) Üreme sağlığı risklerini daha iyi tanımlamayı



D) Anket temelli kesitsel bir çalışmadır.



D) Gruplar arasında üremeyi olumsuz etkileyebilecek tüm faktörleri eşitlemeyi



E) Deneklere üreme sağlığıyla ilişkili sorular sorulmuştur.



E) Çok merkezli çalışma planlamayı



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



6



2010 - TUS İlkbahar / İNG 32. Parçada, orta yaş kadınlar için önerilen yeni USPSTF mamografi sıklığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



31. – 35. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Rutin bir zaman dilimi yerine bireysel karara göre



In 2002, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommended screening mammography every 1 to 2 years for all women 40 or older. In a 2009 update, the task force has revised its guidelines based on: 1) a systematic review of the benefits and harms of screening; and 2) statistical modelling to estimate outcomes associated with annual versus biennial screening that begins and ends at different ages. The USPSTF now recommends against routine screening of younger women (age range, 40-49). Decisions about screening women younger than 50 should be individualized. The task force recommends biennial screening mammography for all middle-aged women (age range, 50-74). However, current evidence is insufficient to assess the benefits and harms of screening mammography in older women (age ≥ 75). Film mammography is associated with decreased breast cancer mortality rates, particularly in women aged 50 to 74 years, based on evidence to date. The task force found that current evidence is insufficient to assess the benefits and risks of teaching women to perform breast self-examination and/or clinical breast examination that is performed in addition to mammography in women age ≥ 40, as well as to assess benefits and harms of digital mammography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compared with film mammography. Understandably, breast cancer screening generates anxiety among many women. Because these new guidelines specify that mammography be performed in fewer women – and less often – reactions among women will likely be characterized by confusion and even outrage.



B) Tümü için 2 yılda bir C) Tüm 40 yaş ve üzeri kadınlar için 1-2 yılda bir D) Tümü için yılda bir E) Sadece risk taşıyanlar için yılda bir 33. Parçada, 75 yaş ve üzeri kadınlarda tarama mamografisiyle ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi öngörülmüştür? A) Olası yarar ve zararlarını ölçmek için elde yeterli veri yoktur. B) Olası zararı olası yararından fazla olduğu için yapılmamalıdır. C) Olası yararı ağır bastığı için rutin yapılmalıdır. D) Tamamen gereksizdir. E) Diğer yaşlar için olan öneriler aynen devam ettirilmelidir. 34. Parçada sözü edilen yöntemler yarar-zarar dengesi bakımından göz önüne alındığında, aşağıdakilerden hangisinin yararının gösterildiği söylenebilir? A) Film mamografiye kıyasla dijital mamografinin B) 40 yaş ve üzerinde mamografiye ek olarak klinik meme muayenesinin C) Kadında 50-74 yaş grubunda mamografinin D) Film mamografiye kıyasla MRI’nın



31. Parçaya göre, USPSTF, 2009 mamografi taraması güncellemesini yaparken aşağıdakilerden hangisini dikkate almamıştır?



E) Kadınlara meme muayenesini öğretmenin 35. Parçaya göre, aşağıdakilerden hangisi yeni tarama önerilerine kadınların bakış açısını ifade etmektedir?



A) Yararlarını B) Yılda bir tarama sonuçlarını



A) Yeni yol haritaları, kadınlar arasında tıbba karşı güvensizlik yaratır.



C) Zararlarını



B) Daha az sayıda mamografiye gidilecek olması çoğunun işine gelir.



D) İki yılda bir tarama sonuçlarını E) Maliyetini



C) Çoğu, mamografiye daha geç yaşta başlama önerisini coşku ile karşılar. D) Tepkiler muhtemelen kafa karışıklığı, hatta infial şeklinde olacaktır. E) Çoğu, kanserin yarattığı endişenin anlaşılabilir olduğunu kabul eder.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



7



2010 - TUS İlkbahar / İNG 37. Parçada folik asid ile ilgili olarak sözü edilen Norveç ve Amerika’daki çalışmalar göz önüne alındığında, aşağıdakilerden hangisi yanlıştır?



36. – 40. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Eksikliğinde Norveç’te kanser sıklığında artış gözlenmiştir.



Folic acid supplementation was associated with an increase in cancer incidence, cancer mortality, and all-cause mortality in a new analysis with long-term follow-up of data from 2 trials conducted in Norway, where there is no folic acid fortification of foods. However, the authors of an accompanying editorial point out that data from the US, where there has been mandatory folic acid fortification of flour and other foods since 1998, have been showing a significant decrease in cancer incidence. The editor pointed out that the high-dose folate supplementation used in the study resulted in much higher blood levels than would be seen after eating foods fortified with folic acid. In addition, the study was conducted in individuals with heart disease and was of limited duration. Concerns about a link between cancer and folic acid supplementation had been raised previously, most recently with regard to colorectal cancer. At that time, a leading expert on nutrition and cancer said: “I am certain that we are not causing an epidemic of colorectal cancer with folic acid fortification of flour.” He added that there was a small increase in the incidence of this cancer soon after fortification was introduced, but this coincided with an increase in colonoscopy, and he pointed out that mortality rates from this cancer have been declining steadily.



B) Amerika’da gıdalarda folik asid desteği vardır. C) Norveç’te verilerin uzun dönem izlendiği 2 yeni analiz yapılmıştır. D) Amerika’da kanser sıklığında 1998’den beri önemli bir artış vardır. E) Norveç’te gıdalarda folik asid desteği yoktur.



38. Parçada, Norveç’teki çalışmanın özellikleri anlatılırken aşağıdakilerden hangisine yer verilmemiştir? A) Kansere yakalanma riski yüksek bir popülasyonda uygulanmıştır. B) Çok yüksek dozda folat eklenmiştir. C) Folik asidli gıda tüketenlere kıyasla folat kan düzeyleri daha yüksektir. D) Kalp hastalığı olan bireylerde uygulanmıştır. E) Çalışma sınırlı bir sürede tamamlanmıştır.



39. Parçada sözü edilen beslenme ve kanser alanında önde gelen bir uzman, folik asid bağlamında aşağıdakilerden hangisini iddia etmektedir? A) Kolonoskopi ile kanser tanısı artmıştır. B) Hemen sonrasında kolorektal kanser sıklığında bir artış olmamıştır.



36. Parçada sözü edilen Norveç ve Amerika’daki çalışmalarda, folik asid verilmesiyle aşağıdakilerden hangisinde bir artış olduğu iddia edilmemektedir?



C) Kolorektal kanser mortalitesi düzenli şekilde düşmektedir.



A) Genel kanser mortalitesinde



D) Unun güçlendirilmesiyle bir kolorektal kanser epidemisi yaratılmıştır.



B) Kalp hastalığı sıklığında C) Tüm nedenlere bağlı mortalitede



E) Kesin sonuçlara ancak daha fazla çalışma ile ulaşılabilir.



D) Kolorektal kanser sıklığında E) Genel kanser sıklığında



40. Parçanın ikinci cümlesinde geçen “mandatory” sözcüğünün Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Gerekli



B) Güçlendirilmiş



C) Önemli



D) Yararlı E) Zorunlu Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



8



2010 - TUS İlkbahar / İNG 42. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisi grip hastalığının ilerlediğine işaret eden belirti ve bulgular arasında sayılmamıştır?



41. – 45. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Morarma



Updated treatment guidelines for H1N1 influenza from the World Health Organization (WHO) urge clinicians to administer antiviral medications as soon as possible to patients in at-risk groups with flu symptoms, patients with pneumonia, and those with uncomplicated influenza-like illness that worsens or fails to improve within 72 hours. Patients in at-risk groups include pregnant women, children younger than 2 years, and individuals with chronic illnesses such as respiratory problems. Hallmarks of progressive illness that warrant antiviral therapy include shortness of breath, fast or laboured breathing in children, and/or altered mental status, unconsciousness, drowsiness, and seizures. The updated guidelines state that clinicians should not delay antiviral treatment for patients with suspected H1N1 influenza for the sake of conducting tests to confirm the diagnosis. In addition, a negative result from some rapid influenza diagnostic tests should not justify withholding antiviral therapy because these tests “miss many infections with pandemic H1N1 virus.” Although WHO emphasized the need for the earlier use of antivirals, people not in the at-risk groups who are experiencing only mild flu symptoms do not need to take antiviral therapy. Nor should healthy individuals take it as a preventive measure.



B) Bilinç kaybı C) Uyuşukluk D) Nöbet E) Nefes darlığı



43. Parçaya göre, klinisyenler H1N1 grip şüphesinde aşağıda belirtilen amaçlardan hangisi uğruna antiviral tedaviyi geciktirmemelidir? A) Tanıyı doğrulamak için B) Tedavinin yan etkileri için C) H1N1 dışında bir grip durumunda boş yere ilaç vermemek için D) Virüslerde mutasyona yol açmamak için E) Tedavi pahalı olduğu için



44. Parçada sözü edilen bazı hızlı influenza tanı testleriyle ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi doğrudur? A) Sonuç çıkana kadar tedavinin verilmesini geciktirir. B) Erken evrede hastalığı göstermez. C) Her yerde bulunmaz.



41. Parçada, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü’nün H1N1 açısından olabildiğince hızlı bir şekilde antiviral ilaç başlanmasını önerdiği gruplar arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi yer almamaktadır?



D) Pek çok H1N1 virüs enfeksiyonunu atlar. E) Antiviral ilaç başlayınca test negatifleşir.



A) Grip belirtileri gösteren ve solunum sorunları gibi kronik hastalıkları olan bireyler 45. Parçaya göre, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü’nün erken tedavi önerisine karşın, aşağıdaki hangi durumda antiviral tedaviye gerek olmadığı açıklanmıştır?



B) Zatürresi olan hastalar C) Grip belirtileri gösteren 2 yaş altı çocuklar



A) Belirtilerin ağır olup risk grubunda olunmaması



D) Adi nezle benzeri hastalığın 72 saatten daha uzun sürdüğü olgular



B) Sağlıklı bireylerin koruyucu olarak ilaç kullanması



E) Grip belirtileri olan gebeler



C) Bireylerin ileri yaşta olması D) Risk altında olup hafif belirtilerin bulunması E) Bireylerin önceden aşılanmış olması



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



9



2010 - TUS İlkbahar / İNG 47. Parçada sözü edilen 16 hastanede yapılan bir çalışmada ortaya çıktığı söylenen olumsuz olaylarla ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi yanlıştır?



46. – 50. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Hospital patients who suffer a side effect from treatment are more likely to give high ratings to their quality of care when hospital staff are direct about what went wrong, a new study suggests. In a survey of nearly 2,300 patients treated at 16 Massachusetts hospitals, researchers found that 603 had some sort of “adverse event” – most often side effects from a newly prescribed drug or complications from surgery – during their hospitalization. When asked whether hospital staff had explained the problem to them, only 40% of patients said they had. Using hospital records and patient interviews, the researchers found that almost one-third of adverse events in the study were preventable – being related to errors such as giving the wrong dose of medication. Hospital staff were less likely to discuss preventable adverse events with patients compared with ones that could not be avoided – such as an unforeseeable reaction to a new drug. When patients suffered a preventable adverse event, staff explained the problem to them only 30% of the time, the researchers found. In a separate study published in the same journal, researchers focused on diagnostic errors by physicians. They found that the most commonly missed or delayed diagnoses were pulmonary embolism, drug reactions and overdoses and heart attacks.



A) Sorunun ne olduğu sadece hastaların % 40’ına açıklanmıştır. B) Çoğu, yeni reçetelenen bir ilacın yan etkisidir. C) Yan etkinin nedeni hastalığın kendisi ile ilişkilidir. D) Çoğu cerrahi komplikasyonudur. E) Olumsuz etki 2.300 olgunun 603’ünde gözlenmiştir.



48. Parçaya göre, istenmeyen olumsuz olayların üçte biri aşağıdaki hangi önlenebilir kusura bağlanmaktadır? A) Hastanın aynı anda kullandığı diğer ilaçların bilinmemesine B) İlacın dozunun yanlış verilmesine C) Hastanın özelliklerine dikkat edilmemesine D) Hemşirenin yanlış ilaç vermesine E) Hastanın yanlış bilgi vermesi sonucu yanlış tedavi uygulanmasına



49. Parçaya göre, hastane personeli aşağıdaki hangi tip yan etkileri hastaya daha az açıklama eğilimindedir? A) Çok ciddi sonuçları olan 46. Parçaya göre, hastanede yatan hastaların tedavilerinin bir yan etkisi görüldüğünde hastane personelinin yaklaşımını değerlendirmeleriyle ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi doğrudur?



B) Hastanın genel sağlık durumundan kaynaklanan C) Cerrahi müdahele sırasında oluşabilen



A) Yan etkinin açıklanması değil ortaya çıkması, bakımın kalitesizliği algısı için yeterlidir. B) Belirtinin bir yan etki değil hastalığın gereği olduğunun söylenmesi, bakım kalitelerinin iyi olmadığını düşündürür. C) Yan etkinin nedeni açıklanmadığında, bakımlarının kaliteli olmadığından şüphelenmezler.



D) Olasılığı çok düşük olan E) Önlenebilir



50. Parçada sözü edilen farklı bir çalışmada, en sık atlanan veya geç tanı konulan durumlar arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi sayılmamıştır? A) Aynı anda çok sayıda ilaç etkileşimleri



D) Neyin yanlış gittiği açıklandığında, bakım kalitelerinin düşüklüğünü eleştirirler.



B) Aşırı dozda ilaç uygulamaları



E) Neyin yanlış gittiği açıklandığında, bakım kalitelerinin yüksek olduğunu düşünürler.



C) İlaç reaksiyonları D) Kalp krizi E) Akciğer embolisi



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



10



2010 - TUS İlkbahar / İNG 53. Parçada, hastanın yanak içi mukozasında görülen çizgiler nasıl tanımlanmaktadır?



51. – 55. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. A 25-year-old previously healthy Saudi man presented with an itchy skin eruption on upper and lower extremities, trunk, and genitalia of 4 weeks’ duration. Examination revealed multiple, violaceous, scaly, polygonal papules on the trunk, wrists, ankles, proximal extremities, palms, and soles. There were similar lesions on the glans penis and the penile shaft. Mouth examination revealed reticulated whitish streaks on both sides of the buccal mucosa. Nail examination was normal. The clinical diagnosis of eruptive lichen planus (LP) was made, and a punch skin biopsy was performed. Further inquiry revealed that the patient finished the third and last dose of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination (weeks before the skin eruption).



A) Uzun



B) Beyazımsı



C) Çok yoğun



D) Kenarları düzensiz E) Derin



54. Parçada sözü edilen olguda aşağıdakilerden hangisinin normal olduğundan söz edilmektedir? A) Ayak tabanlarının B) Bacakların C) Deri altının D) Deri biyopsisinin 51. Parçada sözü edilen olgunun aşağıdaki hangi özellikte deri lezyonlarıyla başvurduğu belirtilmektedir? A) Kabarık



B) Yangılı



C) Ağrılı



D) Kaşıntılı



E) Tırnakların



E) Kırmızı



55. Parçanın son cümlesinde geçen “Further inquiry” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Öncelikli soru B) Gelişmiş yöntem 52. Parçada, hastanın vücudunun hangi bölgesinin etkilendiğinden söz edilmemektedir? A) Koltuk altının



B) Gövdenin



D) Penisin



C) İleri araştırma D) Somut veri



C) Bileklerin



E) Genel öneri



E) Avuçiçinin



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



11



2010 - TUS İlkbahar / İNG 58. Parçaya göre, tıkanmanın en sık görüldüğü yer aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



56. – 60. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Lateral damarlar Seizures are the presenting finding in > 70% cases, although any cognitive or neurologic abnormality from psychosis to stroke may be a manifestation of cysticercosis. Parenchymal neurocysticercosis produces seizures as well as focal neurologic deficits. With extensive frontal lobe disease, symptoms of intellectual deterioration with dementia or Parkinsonism may obfuscate diagnosis until focal signs appear. A fulminant encephalitis-like presentation also occurs, most frequently in children who have had a massive initial infection. Intraventricular neurocysticercosis (5-10% of all cases) is associated with hydrocephalus and acute, subacute, or intermittent signs of increased intracranial pressure without localizing signs. The fourth ventricle is the most common site for obstruction and symptoms; cysts in the lateral ventricles are less likely to cause obstruction.



B) Kılcal damarlar C) Dördüncü ventrikül D) Sinüsler E) Uç atardamarlar



59. Parçanın ilk cümlesinde geçen “may be a manifestation of” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı hangisidir? A) Dikkati çekebilir B) Bir göstergesidir denebilir C) Belirleyicisi sayılır



56. Parçaya göre, olguların çoğunda aşağıdakilerden hangisi görülür?



D) İşaret eder E) Bir belirtisi olabilir



A) Nöbet B) Damar iltihabı C) Demans D) Küçük arterlerin tıkanması E) Ensefalit



60. Parçanın beşinci cümlesinde geçen “is associated with” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



57. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisinin tanıyı şaşırttığı söylenmektedir? A) Kafatası içi basınç artışının B) Parkinsonlu olmanın C) Enfeksiyonun



A) Birleştirilmiştir



B) İlişkilidir



C) Karşılaştırılmıştır



D) Yakınlaşmıştır



E) Desteklemiştir



D) Ön lobun etkilenmemesinin E) Kistlerin



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



12



2010 - TUS İlkbahar / İNG 63. Parçada, pnömokok aşısıyla ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmemektedir?



61. – 65. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Epidemiyolojisi üzerinde önemli etkisi olabilir. Streptococcus pneumoniae, or pneumococcus, frequently colonizes the upper respiratory tract and may cause upper respiratory tract infection (e.g., otitis media, sinusitis) or invasive disease (e.g., pneumonia, bacteremia, meningitis). S. pneumoniae is the most common cause of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia and otitis media. With universal immunization with conjugated Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines, S. pneumoniae has become the second most common cause of bacterial meningitis in children and the most common cause of meningitis in adults. The significance of this agent has been emphasized by worldwide emergence of penicillin and multidrug-resistant strains. Introduction of a universal recommendation to give children the pneumococcal heptavalent conjugate vaccine may have marked effects on the epidemiology of this organism by reducing nasopharyngeal carriage and the burden of pneumococcal disease. S. pneumoniae is a gram positive, lancet-shaped, encapsulated diplococcus, occurring occasionally as individual cocci or in chains.



B) Evrensel olarak önerilmelidir. C) Burun ve boğaz yoluyla taşınması azalacaktır. D) Çocuklara uygulanabilir. E) İkili konjuge aşı kullanılmalıdır.



64. Parçada, S. pneumoniae’nin hangi özelliğinden söz edilmemektedir? A) Gram pozitif olmasından B) Büyüklüğünden C) Şeklinden D) Zincir gibi dizilebilmesinden E) Kapsüllü olmasından



61. Parçada, S. pneumoniae ve solunum yolu bağlamında, aşağıdakilerden hangisinden söz edilmemektedir? A) En sık yol açtığı hastalık ensefalittir. B) Menenjite kadar ilerleyebilir. C) Üst solunum yolu enfeksiyonuna yol açabilir. D) Orta kulak iltihabına sebep olabilir. E) Sıklıkla kolonize eder.



65. Parçanın dördüncü cümlesinde geçen “has been emphasized”ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? 62. Parçaya göre, S. pneumoniae hangi tip bakteriyel zatürrenin en yaygın nedenidir? A) Bebeklerdeki



A) Gözlenmiştir



B) Belirtilmiştir



C) Anlaşılmıştır



D) Vurgulanmıştır E) Araştırılmıştır



B) Dünyada en sık görülen C) Çocuklardaki D) Toplumda edinilen E) Yüksek ateşle seyreden



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



13



2010 - TUS İlkbahar / İNG 67. Parçada, şaşırtıcı olarak nitelendirilen aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



66. – 70. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Hypocalcaemia of any cause is associated with certain typical signs and symptoms. Most prominent among these is increased neuromuscular excitability. Paresthesias of the fingers, toes, and circumoral region are mild manifestations; in more extreme cases there may be muscle cramping, carpopedal spasm, laryngeal stridor, and convulsions. Patients with long-standing severe hypocalcaemia may show surprisingly few symptoms. Factors that acutely alter the balance between ionized and protein-bound calcium may precipitate symptoms. For example, alkalosis lowers ionized calcium; thus hyperventilation may provoke symptoms of tetany. Various mental disturbances, such as irritability, depression and even psychosis, have been attributed to hypocalcaemia. Intracranial calcifications, particularly of the basal ganglia, may be seen on plain radiographs and even more frequently on computed tomography. Increased sensitivity to the dystonic effects of phenothiazines has been attributed to basal ganglia calcification. Longstanding hypocalcaemia may lead to cataract formation. Cardiac effects of hypocalcaemia include a prolonged QT interval and, rarely, congestive heart failure. Dental anomalies depend on age of onset; in children hypocalcaemia cause enamel hypoplasia and failure of the adult teeth to erupt.



A) Uzun süren şiddetli hipokalsemide çok az belirti görülebilmesi B) Kalsiyumun kanda hızla azalması C) Bazı kişilerin daha fazla kalsiyum kullanması D) Alkalozun kalsiyum düzeyine etki etmesi E) Hipokalseminin çok ciddi belirtilerinin olması



68. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisinin tetani belirtilerini tetiklediği söylenmektedir? A) Sistolik kan basıncında düşmenin B) Proteine bağlı kalsiyumda azalmanın C) Serum kalsiyum düzeyinde ani artışın D) Çok sık nefes alıp vermenin E) Damar sıkışmasının



69. Parçada, uzun süren hipokalseminin aşağıdakilerden hangisine yol açabileceği söylenmektedir? A) Kalp sektesine B) Katarakta C) Diş dökülmesine D) Yüz felcine E) Kafa içi kireçlenmelerine



66. Parçaya göre, hipokalseminin en önde gelen belirtisi aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Hâlsizlik



70. Parçanın dokuzuncu cümlesinde geçen “has been attributed to” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



B) Bayılma C) Sinir ve kas uyarılabilirliğinde artma D) Nefes darlığı E) El ve ayak parmaklarında uyuşma



A) Öngörülmüştür



B) Sonuçlanmıştır



C) Etkilenmiştir



D) Varsayılmıştır E) Atfedilmiştir



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



14



2010 - TUS İlkbahar / İNG 73. Parçaya göre, basınç uygulandığında lezyonlarda nasıl bir değişim olmaktadır?



71. – 75. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Urticaria is defined as the transient appearance of elevated, erythematous pruritic wheals (hives) or serpiginous exanthem, usually surrounded by an area of erythema. It commonly involves the trunk and extremities, sparing palms and soles, but may involve any epidermal or mucosal surface. The wheals are thought to result from local subcutaneous and intradermal leakage of plasma filtrate from postcapillary venules. In most cases there is associated increased blood flow to the localized area of swelling, resulting in a surrounding erythema. The lesions blanch on pressure, reflecting this pathogenetic process. The appearance of urticaria is thought to reflect an ongoing immediate hypersensitivity reaction. Angioedema is formed by a similar extravasation of fluid, but in this case the leakage of fluid involves deeper structures, including dermal and subdermal sites. Because of its location in deeper cutaneous structures, it appears as brawny nonpitting edema, usually without well-defined margins. Although urticaria is almost always pruritic, indicating stimulation of nociceptive nerves supplying deeper cutaneous structures, angioedema may be unassociated with itching. Unlike other forms of edema, angioedema is not commonly distributed in dependent areas of the body. Angioedema often involves the lips, tongue, eyelids, genitalia, or dorsum of the hands or feet but also may involve any epidermal or mucosal surface.



A) Solma



B) Azalma



C) Yayılma



D) Şişme E) Gerilme



74. Parçaya göre, ürtikerin aşağıdakilerden hangisini yansıttığı düşünülmektedir? A) Kılcal damar geçirgenliğini B) Kırmızı kan hücrelerinin artmasını C) Ani aşırı duyarlılık tepkimesini D) Plazmanın sızmasını E) Kan akımının artmasını



71. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisi ürtikeri tanımlamada kullanılmamıştır? A) Yılan kıvrılışı şeklinde



B) Kabarık



C) Geçici



D) Ortası kırmızı



75. Parçaya göre, aşağıdakilerden hangisi ürtiker ile damar ödemi arasındaki farklardan biri değildir? A) Kenarının belirsiz olması



E) Kaşıntılı



B) Deri altını etkilemesi C) Kaşıntısız olabilmesi D) Çukurlaşmamış olması



72. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisinde ürtiker görülmediği söylenmektedir? A) Kollarda



B) Gövdede



C) Avuçiçinde



D) Bacaklarda



E) Damar dışına sıvı sızmasıyla oluşması



E) Mukozada



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



15



2010 - TUS İlkbahar / İNG 77. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisini bulmanın güç olduğundan söz edilmektedir?



76. – 80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Çocuk bakıcısını Parents and caregivers of children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) are faced with difficult choices from the moment the diagnosis is made. Some physicians may recommend comfort care, but most will recommend surgical treatment of the defect. Although studies have shown transplantation (Tx) to have better one- and five-year survival than staged surgery, heart donors are difficult to find. Infants with HLHS could wait six months or more on the transplant list, with longer waiting time generating an increased risk of death on the waiting list, removal from the list for organ failure and possibly increased risk of death even after a successful Tx. If the infant never receives a donor heart and a stage 1 procedure is performed after a wait, the child may have an increased mortality risk after stage 1 surgery attributable to the wait. Decision analysis provides a framework for quantitatively identifying the treatment strategy that, on average, has the highest chance of success. Decision analysis is a modelling technique that structures the problem into choices, chance events and outcome measures. It is especially useful for comparing strategies that are not in current practice with those that are well established. Furthermore, by showing how changes in probabilities influence the optimal treatment strategy, decision analysis helps focus attention on which probabilities are important to the decision.



B) Kalp vericisini C) Transplantasyon cerrahlarını D) Bekleme listesinde önceliği E) Uygun tedavi şeklini



78. Parçada, ölüm riskindeki artışın aşağıdakilerden hangisinden kaynaklandığı söylenmektedir? A) Cerrahi hatalardan B) Kişisel risk etkenlerinden C) Tedavi başarısızlığından D) Organ naklinden E) Uzun organ bekleme listesinden



79. Parçaya göre, aşağıdakilerden hangisi karar analizinin sağladıklarından biri değildir? A) Gelişmiş olan tedavi stratejileri ile günümüzde kullanılmayanları karşılaştırma B) Başarı şansı en yüksek olan tedavi stratejisini tanımlama C) Hasta maliyeti en düşük olan tedavi stratejisini belirleme D) Olasılıklardaki değişikliklerin optimum tedaviyi nasıl etkilediğini saptama



76. Parçada, hipoplastik sol kalp yetmezliği olan çocukların ebeveynlerinin ve bakımını üstlenen kişilerin aşağıdakilerden hangisiyle karşılaştıkları belirtilmektedir?



E) Karar için hangi olasılıkların önem taşıdığına dikkat çekme



A) Zor seçeneklerle B) Maddi güçlüklerle



80. Parçanın ikinci cümlesinde geçen “but” sözcüğünün Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



C) Hastanedeki karmaşık işlemlerle



A) Dolayısıyla



D) Endişeli günlerle



B) Tersine



D) Öyle ki



E) Uzun ve karmaşık bir tedavi süreciyle



C) Bu yüzden



E) Ancak



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



16



2010 - TUS İlkbahar / İNG 83. Parçada sözü edilen hastalığın yaygın belirtisi aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



81. – 85. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Most people with hemochromatosis are asymptomatic. All homozygotes are at risk, however, for development of severe dysfunction of the heart, liver, pancreas, pituitary, gonads, or joints, as well as for fatal peritonitis or sepsis. Clinical manifestations are more common in males older than 20, and in post-menopausal women. The most common symptoms are fatigue that may be overwhelming, arthralgias, abdominal discomfort, impotence, amenorrhea, and palpitations. Cardiac arrhythmia is a common presenting sign and may be either atrial or ventricular. In advanced cases, the skin may be slate gray. Hepatosplenomegaly, ascites, pleural effusion, and arthritis can be a late development. The arthritis may affect any joint but most commonly involves the second and third meta carpophalangeal joints, knees, and hips. Mild abdominal pain is common. Infrequently, there may be an abrupt onset of abdominal pain followed by prostration, shock, and death.



A) Âdet görmeme



B) İktidarsızlık



C) Çarpıntı



D) Yorgunluk hissi E) Aritmi



84. Parçada sözü edilen hastalığın ileri döneminde en sık olarak hangi eklemde artrit görülmektedir? A) Kalçada



B) Omuzda



C) Ayak bileğinde



D) Baş parmakta



E) Boyunda 81. Parçada, hemokromatozda ciddi işlev bozukluğunun aşağıdakilerden hangisinde görüldüğünden söz edilmemektedir? A) Eklemlerde



B) Midede



C) Kalpte



D) Karaciğerde E) Pankreasta



85. Parçaya göre, ölüm öncesinde ortaya çıkabilen ani ağrı aşağıdakilerden hangisinde görülmektedir?



82. Parçada sözü edilen hastalığın klinik belirtileri aşağıdakilerden hangisinde daha yaygın olarak görülür? A) Genç kadınlarda



A) Boyunda



B) Başta



C) Karında



D) Göğüste E) Sırtta



B) Homozigotlarda C) Ergenlik dönemindekilerde D) Menopoz sonrası kadınlarda E) Yirmi yaşından küçük erkeklerde



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



17



2010 - TUS İlkbahar / İNG 88. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisinin genellikle hastalığın belirtilerini artırdığı söylenmektedir?



86. – 90. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Uykunun Erythromelalgia is a syndrome of episodic burning pain and redness in the extremities. Attacks may be confined to feet and, if severe and prolonged, may spread to the hands, or they may begin simultaneously in hands and feet. They are most often provoked by increasing environmental temperatures, although a few persons experience attacks only with febrile illnesses. The combination of increasing ambient temperatures and exercise often induces symptoms. The feet appear normal between attacks, except in those persons who habitually walk barefoot because attacks are provoked by wearing shoes. By far the most common recognized cause of nonfamilial erythromelalgia is thrombocythemia, usually a feature of a myeloproliferative disorder. Erythromelalgia disappeared for three or four days after a single dose of aspirin, which is the duration of inhibition of platelet aggregation. In the absence of thrombocythemia, aspirins are likely to be ineffective for treating or preventing erythromelalgia. Other reported associations with erythromelalgia include diabetes mellitus. In addition, nifedipine and bromocriptine can cause an erythromelalgia-like disorder.



B) Hareketsizliğin C) Sıcağın D) Çıplak ayakla dolaşmanın E) Ayakta durmanın



89. Parçaya göre, eritromelaljinin en yaygın kabul edilen nedeni aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Trombositemi



B) Enflamasyon



C) Diyabet



D) Nifedipin E) Bromokriptin



86. Parçada sözü edilen ağrı nasıl tanımlanmaktadır? A) Güçlü



B) Zonklayıcı



C) Hâlsiz bırakan



D) Kısa süreli



E) Yanıcı 90. Parçanın ikinci cümlesinde geçen “severe and prolonged” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Ciddi ve ağrılı B) Yaygın ve ilerleyen C) Şiddetli ve uzun süren D) Ağır ve şiddetlenen



87. Parçada sözü edilen hastalığın aşağıdakilerden hangisine sıçrayabileceği söylenmektedir? A) Parmaklara



B) Ellere



C) Kollara



D) Bacaklara



E) Yoğun ve derin



E) Ayaklara



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



18



2010 - TUS İlkbahar / İNG 93. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisinin bazı hastalarda eşlik ettiğinden söz edilmektedir?



91. – 95. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Gerginliğin The term tension-type headache is still commonly used to describe a chronic head pain syndrome characterized by bilateral tight, bandlike discomfort. Patients may report that the head feels as if it is in a vise or that the posterior neck muscles are tight. The pain typically builds slowly, fluctuates in severity, and may persist more or less continuously for many days. Exertion does not usually worsen the headache. The headache may be episodic or chronic. Tension-type headache is common in all age groups, and females tend to predominate. In some patients, anxiety or depression coexist with tension headache. The pathophysiologic basis of tension-type headache remains unknown. Some investigators believe that periodic tension headache is biologically indistinguishable from migraine, whereas others believe that tension-type headache and migraine are two distinct clinical entities. Abnormalities of cervical and temporal muscle contraction are likely to exist, but the exact nature of the dysfunction has not been elucidated. Relaxation almost always relieves tension-type headaches. Patients should be encouraged to find a means of relaxation.



B) Migrenin C) Boyun kaslarında bozukluğun D) Kusmanın E) Depresyonun



94. Parçaya göre, bazı araştırmacılar gerilim başağrısının biyolojik olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisinden ayırt edilemeyeceğine inanmaktadırlar? A) Boyun adele kasılmasından B) Migrenden C) Anksiyeteden



91. Parçada sözü edilen gerilim tipi başağrısını hastalar nasıl tanımlamaktadır?



D) Hipertansiyona bağlı ağrıdan E) Yorgunluk ağrısından



A) Boyundan yukarıya doğru çıkan basınç B) Başın tek tarafında ağırlık C) Kafanın içinde boşluk D) Arka boyun kaslarında sertlik E) Kafa içinde uğultu



95. Parçaya göre, hastalar hangi konuda teşvik edilmelidir? A) Stresten kaçınma



92. Parçada sözü edilen başağrısıyla ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmemektedir?



B) Uyuma



A) Ani gelişir.



C) Tedaviye başlama



B) Sebebi bilinmemektedir.



D) Gevşeme yolları bulma



C) Zorlama ile şiddeti artmaz.



E) Sıklıkla pozisyon değiştirme



D) Şiddeti dalgalanma gösterir. E) Günlerce sürebilir.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



19



2010 - TUS İlkbahar / İNG 98. Parçada, radyoizotop kemik taraması metastatik lezyonu hangi açıdan incelemek için önerilmektedir?



96. – 100. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Several common cancers frequently involve the skeleton. In women, breast cancer is the most common primary tumour to result in skeletal metastases. Lung cancer is a distant second, although increasing in frequency. In men, prostate cancer is the most common primary tumour, followed by tumours arising in lung, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, and thyroid. Whenever a destructive lesion of the skeleton is encountered, an effort should be made to determine whether it is primary or secondary. Metastatic bone lesions usually produce an infiltrative pattern of bone destruction on radiographic or other imaging studies. Compared with primary tumours, metastatic disease is usually accompanied by little or no soft tissue mass. Cancers arising in breast or prostate usually produce mixed lytic and blastic change within bone, whereas lung and renal cancers are purely lytic. A radioisotope bone scan is recommended to determine whether the lesion is solitary, because metastatic lesions will often be multiple at presentation. Isotope bone scans are generally more sensitive than plain films for detecting metastasis. The addition of single-photon emission computed tomography further increases the sensitivity of the isotope scan. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is probably even more sensitive, especially for lesions involving the spine.



96. Parçaya göre, erkeklerde kemiğe en sık metastaz yapan kanser tipi aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Prostat



B) Böbrek



C) Akciğer



D) Tiroid



A) Büyüklük



B) Bulunduğu yer



C) Derinlik



D) Sayı E) Primerin bulunması



99. Parçada, manyetik rezonans görüntülemesinin neredeki lezyonlar için daha hassas olduğundan söz edilmektedir? A) Kalçadaki



B) Kaburgadaki



C) Omurgadaki



D) Akciğerdeki E) Böbrekteki



100. Parçanın beşinci cümlesinde geçen “an effort should be made” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Bir ilişki kurulmalıdır B) Bir çözüm oluşturulmalıdır



E) Mide



C) Bir yol bulunmalıdır D) Bir neden olmalıdır E) Bir çaba gösterilmelidir



97. Parçaya göre, metastatik lezyonların primer tümörden farkı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Çoğunlukla radyasyona duyarlı olması B) Yumuşak doku kitlesinin çok az ya da hiç eşlik etmemesi



TEST BİTTİ.



C) Birçok dokuda görülebilmesi



CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.



D) Blastik değişim göstermesi E) Yapıyı çözücü özellik taşıması



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



20



2010 - TUS Sonbahar / İNG 2. Parçada, yaşlılarla ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisinden söz edilmektedir?



1. – 5. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Risk etkenleri çok daha fazladır. Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), although accounting for only 15% of acute strokes in the United States, carries the worst prognosis of all acute cerebrovascular diseases. Lobar ICH location (selective involvement of the cerebral cortex and underlying white matter) is associated with greater risk for recurrence than deep ICH location and is associated with different clinical features and risk factors. Nonfamilial cerebral amyloidal antipathy (CAA), caused by β-amyloid deposition in cerebral arteries and arterioles, is a major cause of lobar ICH but not deep ICH, as shown by autopsy investigations as well as studies linking lobar ICH with several hallmarks of CAA, such as the APOE ∈2 and ∈4 alleles, asymptomatic microbleeds detected on gradient-echo MRI, and white matter lesions. Based on recent evidence, there is some suggestion that asymptomatic CAA may be highly prevalent in the elderly. Although several predictors of lobar ICH recurrence have been described, little is known regarding the relative contribution or interaction of each of these predictors.



B) Bazı aleller intraserebral kanamaya yatkınlık oluşturur. C) Belirtisiz serebral amiloid anfiopati daha sık görülebilir. D) Derin intraserebral kanamaya β-amyloid birikimi neden olabilir. E) İntraserebral kanamanın tekrarlanma olasılığı yüksektir.



3. Parçada, intraserebral kanamanın tekrarlamasıyla ilgili belirtilerin hangi yönünün az bilindiği söylenmektedir? A) Tipleri veya özellikleri B) Ortaya çıkış nedenleri C) Katkı veya etkileşimleri D) Görülme sıklıkları E) Etkileri veya önemleri



1. Parçada, intraserebral kanama ile ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisinden söz edilmemektedir?



4. Parçanın birinci cümlesinde geçen “accounting for” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



A) Akut inmelerin yüzde on beşini oluşturur. B) Risk etkenleri ve klinik belirtiler açısından derinde oluşanı ve lobar tipi farklıdır. C) Serebrovasküler hastalıklar içinde prognozu en kötü olandır.



A) Oluşturan



B) Geliştiren



C) Belirtilen



D) Hesaplanan E) Ölçülen



D) Lobar tipte olanda tekrarlama riski daha yüksektir. E) Her yaş grubunda görülebilir.



5. Parçanın dördüncü cümlesinde geçen “recent evidence” ifadesininTürkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Yeni yaklaşım



B) Genel kanı



C) Güvenilir veri



D) Güncel kanıt



E) Eldeki bulgu



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



1



2010 - TUS Sonbahar / İNG 8. Parçada, lökodistrofilerin tanımlanması ve tedavisindeki engellerle ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisinden söz edilmemektedir?



6. – 10. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Birçok hastaya tanı konulamaması



Inherited leukodystrophies are diseases of the myelin, including abnormal myelin development, hypomyelination, or degeneration of myelin. Leukodystrophies are distinguished from the more general term leukoencephalopathy, used to describe any disease of white matter, including also acquired or toxic diseases of white matter. Recognition of leukodystrophies has been revolutionized by magnetic resonance technology because of its increased sensitivity compared to CT, and because of its ability in some cases to reveal disease-specific features that can lead to a diagnosis. Disappointingly, however in almost half of leukodystrophy patients a final diagnosis cannot be determined. Treatment options for leukodystrophies are limited, and exist chiefly for X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, metachromatic leukodystrophy, Krabbe disease and some lysosomal diseases. Characterization and treatment of leukodystrophies has been hampered by the failure to diagnose many patients, a lack of clinical outcomes data (such as morbidities and mortality), and no data on overall incidence or relative frequencies of different leukodystrophies. Incidence has been estimated in a very broad range from 1:5,000 to 2:100,000 live births.



B) Morbidite ve mortalite ile ilgili verilerin olmaması C) Farklı lökodistrofilerin oransal sıklığı ile ilgili veri yokluğu D) Hastaların geç dönemde başvurmaları E) Lökodistrofi çeşitlerinin toplam sıklığının bilinmemesi



9. Parçanın ilk cümlesinde geçen “distinguished from” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Ayırt edilir



B) Değerlendirilir



C) Kabul edilir



D) Benzetilir E) Karıştırılır



6. Parçaya göre, manyetik rezonans görüntüleme tekniğinin üstünlüğü aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Güvenirliliği



B) Hassasiyeti



C) Kolay uygulanabilirliği



D) Yaygınlığı



E) Kullanım kolaylığı 10. Parçanın son cümlesinde geçen “has been estimated” ifadesinin Türçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



7. Parçada, hayal kırıklığına neden olduğu söylenen aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Lökodistrofi ile lökoensefalopatinin ayırımındaki güçlükler



A) Sayılmıştır



B) Tahmin edilmiştir



C) Tespit edilmiştir



D) Kararlaştırılmıştır



E) Tekrarlanmıştır



B) Myelin dejenerasyonunun her şeye rağmen durdurulamaması C) Hastalığa özgü değişimlerin kolaylıkla saptanamaması D) Tedavi seçeneklerinin oldukça sınırlı olması E) Lökodistrofi hastalarının hemen hemen yarısında tanı konulamaması



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



2



2010 - TUS Sonbahar / İNG 12. Parçada, Laing myopati ile ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisinden söz edilmemektedir?



11. – 15. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Otozomal dominant tiptedir. Distal myopathies are a genetically heterogenous group of inherited muscle disorders characterized by the preferential involvement of the distal limb muscles. The genetic defect has been recognized in more than 15 entities, evidencing that different gene defects can cause similar phenotypes while mutations in the same gene may result in different clinical profiles. This occurs with mutations in the slow β-myosin heavy chain (MYH7) gene, which cause familial hypertrophic/dilated cardiomyopathy, Laing distal myopathy, and myosin storage/hyaline body myopathy. It has been postulated that the resulting phenotype depends on the location of the mutation in the MYH7 gene. Laing myopathy is an early-onset autosomal dominant disease characterized by initial weakness of big toe extensors and ankle dorsiflexors muscles. Nine mutations between exons 32 and 37 in the rod domain of MYPH7 have been reported. Beyond this region, 2 mutations also cause distal myopathy, but they are, in addition, associated with cardiomyopathy. Different studies reported phenotypic variability in Laing myopathy regarding proximal muscle involvement or cardiomyopathy. Pathologic features are also variable and nonspecific. As a result, the clinical picture is not fully delineated and neither the morphologic nor biologic clues suggesting the pathogenic pathyways underlying this disorder are clear.



B) Erken dönemde ortaya çıkar. C) Ayak başparmağında zayıflıkla tanımlanır. D) MHY7 genindeki mutasyonlar diğer genlerdeki mutasyonlarla aynı klinik bulguyu verir. E) Patolojik özellikleri çeşitli ve özgün değildir.



13. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisinin tümüyle açığa çıkarılmadığı söylenmektedir? A) Klinik tablonun B) Kas tutulumunun oranının C) Aile öyküsünün D) Kalıtımın etkisinin E) Mutasyonun etkilerinin



14. Parçanın dördüncü cümlesinde geçen “it has been postulated” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Dayandırılmıştır



B) Saptanmıştır



C) Varsayılmıştır



D) Başlanmıştır



E) Anlaşılmıştır



15. Parçanın yedinci cümlesinde geçen “beyond this region” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



11. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisini destekleyen kanıtlar olduğundan söz edilmektedir? A) Bir gende birden çok mutasyon olabilir.



A) Bütün bunların ötesinde



B) Distal myopatilerin genetik sebepleri vardır.



B) Belirli bir kısmında



C) Aynı gendeki mutasyonlar benzer klinik belirtiler verir.



C) Bu alanın gerisinde D) Bu bölgenin ilerisinde



D) Sonuçta, görülen belirtiler gendeki mutasyonun yerine bağlıdır.



E) Bu bölgeyi kapsayan



E) Farklı gen bozuklukları benzer fenotiplere neden olabilir.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



3



2010 - TUS Sonbahar / İNG 17. Parçada, otoimmün ensefalomiyelitle ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisinin doğal ve kazanılmış bağışıklıkla kontrol edildiği söylenmektedir?



16. – 20. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Inflammatory and immune responses within the central nervous system (CNS) significantly affect the clinical presentation and outcome of brain disorders, including stroke, trauma, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis. In the case of MS and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a classical inflammatory disease characterized by cellular influx demyelination and axonal damage of the CNS, initiation of disease is controlled by an interplay between cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems. Natural killer (NK) cells are an important cell subset of the innate immune system represented by large granular lymphocytes that respond rapidly to a variety of insults with cytolytic activity and cytokine secretion. Recently there has been a growing understanding of NK cells, particularly with regard to their roles in autoimmunity in the joints, pancreas, and CNS. Mechanisms by which NK cells could have an impact on autoimmune responses include a rapid cytokine release by NK cells before autoreactive hepler T cell differentiation and modulation of interactions between autoreactive T cells, B cells and antigen presenting cells (APCs). However, much of this evidence is derived from studying peripheral lymphoid organs. Whether NK cells can act in target organs of autoimmunity such as the CNS has not yet been investigated. The manifestations of CNS disease, such as MS and EAE, require the homing of myelinreactive T cells to the CNS where T cells undergo reactivation, further differentation and expansion.



A) Başlamasının



B) İlerlemesinin



C) Şiddetlenmesinin



D) Gelişme hızının



E) Belirtilerinin



18. Parçada, NK hücrelerinden sitokin salınmasının nasıl olduğu söylenmektedir? A) Etkili



B) Özgün D) Takip edici



C) Şiddetli



E) Hızlı



19. Parçada, elde edilen kanıtların çoğunun aşağıdakilerden hangisinde çalışılarak bulunduğu söylenmektedir? A) Merkezi sinir sisteminde B) Periferal lenfoid organlarda C) NK hücrelerinde D) B hücrelerinde E) Antijen sunan hücrelerde



16. Parçada, merkezi sinir sistemindeki yangı ve bağışıklık cevaplarının aşağıdaki hastalıklardan hangisinin belirtilerini ve sonucunu etkilediğinden söz edilmemektedir? A) Alzheimer



B) Şok



C) Ensefalomyelit



D) İnme



20. Parçada, myeline tepkili T hücrelerinin merkezi sinir sisteminde aşağıdakilerden hangisini gerçekleştirdiklerinden söz edilmemektedir?



E) Epilepsi



A) Yerleşmeyi



B) Yeniden uyarılmayı



C) İleri farklılaşmayı



D) Yayılmayı



E) Salgı yapmayı



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



4



2010 - TUS Sonbahar / İNG 22. Parçada, TFPI ile ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisinden söz edilmemektedir?



21. – 25. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Heparinin kandaki miktarını azaltır. The endothelium provides an antithrombotic interface with circulating blood which is generated in part by the coordinated expression of endothelial-derived anticoagulants. The regulated expression of these endothelial-derived proteins may account in part for differences in thrombotic phenotype among vessels. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is a Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor expressed in endothelial cells and regulates the initiation of coagulation by inhibiting tissue factor (TF)/factor VIIa activation of factor x. TFPI, originally known as lipoprotein associated coagulation inhibitor, was isolated from a hepatoma cell line. TFPI circulates at low levels in humans largely associated with lipoproteins. Infusion of heparin increases circulating levels of TFPI in humans and this increase has been attributed to displacement of TFPI from glycosoaminoglycans on the surface of endothelial cells. As such, the endothelium has been thought to be the dominant source of circulating TFPI. However, TFPI is also expressed in platelets, vascular smooth muscle cardiac myocytes and monocyte/macrophages. The physiologic importance of TFPI is confirmed in that no known human deficiencies of TFPI have been reported. Homozygotic deletion of exon 4 in mice which encodes the Kunitz 1 domain resulted in embryonic lethality. Heterozygotic deletion results in an increased response to acute and chronic vascular injury. Conversely, vascular directed overexpression of TFPI attenuates this response.



B) Hepatoma hücrelerinden elde edilmiştir. C) Proteaz inhibitörüdür. D) Başlangıçta lipoprotein ilişkili pıhtılaşma inhibitörü olarak biliniyordu. E) Dolaşımda azdır ve çoğunlukla lipoproteinlere bağlı olarak bulunur.



23. Parçada göre, aşağıdakilerden hangisi fare embriyolarının ölümüne neden olmuştur? A) TFPI’nın fazla olması B) Dördüncü eksonun homozigot biçiminde kaybı C) Heterozigot biçiminde TFPI geninde bozukluk D) Damar zedelenmeleri E) TFPI’nın oluşturulması



24. Parçada, TFPI’nın başlıca kaynağının aşağıdakilerden hangisi olduğu düşünülmektedir? A) Kalp kası hücreleri B) Plateletler C) Endotel D) Damar düz kas hücreleri E) Monositler ve makrofajlar



25. Parçanın son cümlesinde geçen “Conversely” sözcüğünün Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? 21. Parçada, endotelin aşağıdakilerden hangisini sağladığından söz edilmektedir? A) Koruma



B) Düzlem



C) Ara yüzey



D) Çeper



A) Tamamiyle B) Ek olarak C) Benzer şekilde D) Eşit olarak



E) Örtü



E) Tersine



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



5



2010 - TUS Sonbahar / İNG 27. Parçaya göre, ameliyat sonrası düzelmenin derecesi aşağıdakilerden hangisine bağlıdır?



26. – 30. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Hastalığın şiddetine Aortic valve replacement has been shown to improve the natural history of patients with severe symptomatic aortic valve disease. With the increase in the global population and improved access to health care, the number of aortic valve surgeries worldwide is estimated to triple within the next 30 years. So far, surgery remains the only effective solution for improvement of the natural history of the disease however, survival after surgery is often worse than that is in the general population and the degree of improvement seems to depend on the type of aortic valve substitute used. Randomized controlled trials are a robust way to enable rational, evidence-based decision making with respect to the choice of valve substitute. Nevertheless, the longterm outcomes (survival and quality of life) after different valve replacement procedures in patients with aortic valve disease have been compared in only a few randomised studies. Result of several observational studies have shown an excellent pattern of survival after autograft aortic root replacement (Ross operation) in adults that might be attributed to selection bias.



B) Ameliyat süresine C) Hastanın genel durumuna D) Kullanılan malzemeye E) Cerrahın başarısına



28. Parçaya göre, aort kapağı değişimi sonrası uzun süreli sağ kalım ile ilgili olarak yapılan az sayıdaki çalışma aşağıdakilerden hangi tiptedir? A) Geriye dönük



B) Rastgele



C) Çok yönlü



D) Kontrollü E) Geniş çaplı



29. Parçanın dördüncü cümlesinde geçen “robust way” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



26. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisinin üç katına çıktığından söz edilmektedir? A) Aort kapak ameliyatları B) Sağlık desteği için başvuranlar



A) İzlenecek rota



B) Tek çıkış



C) Etkin girişim



D) Gerçek çözüm E) Sağlam yol



C) Aort kapak bozukluğu olguları D) Kapak çeşitleri E) Aort kökü değişimine bağlı ölümler



30. Parçanın son cümlesinde geçen “might be attributed to” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Gönderilebilir



B) Sebep olabilir



C) İlişkilendirilebilir



D) Benzetilebilir



E) Sonuçlandırılabilir



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



6



2010 - TUS Sonbahar / İNG 32. Parçada, bazı merkezlerde yeteneklerin yoğunlaştırılmasının aşağıdakilerden hangisini sağlayabileceğinden söz edilmektedir?



31. – 35. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Tedavide çeşitli olasılıkları



On the basis of evidence suggesting an association between volume and outcome, some specialist services such as cancer surgery, perinatal care, trauma, and paediatric cardiac surgery have been centralized in the past few decades. Through the concentration of skills in a few centres, centralization might improve clinical outcomes and enable costeffective delivery of high-quality care; however, the need for patients to travel increased distances to access specialist services particularly in acute care could also compromise their outcomes. Intensive care services for children have undergone substantial centralization in the UK since the 1990s after scientific discussion and a change in national policy. In addition to the establishment of regional paediatric intensive care units (PICUs), specialist retrieval teams were set up to transport critically ill children from other hospitals. Although two-thirds of admissions are from within the same hospital, most admissions from other hospital are stabilized and transferred to PICUs by specialist retrieval teams. Specialist retrieval teams are staffed by clinicians trained in paediatric intensive care who are able to undertake interventions such as mechanical ventilation, invasive haemodynamic monitoring, and use of vasoactive drugs. There is a paucity of data about the effect of the nationwide process of centralization on outcomes in critically ill children particularly those transferred from distant hospitals. In adult critical care, although disagreement exists about the value of centralization, results of studies show that patients transferred from community hospitals to tertiary intensive care units (ICUs) had an increased risk of mortality in hospital even after adjustment for suggesting an adverse transfer effect.



B) Düşük maliyetle yüksek kalitede bakımı C) Tanıda hızı D) Uzmanlar arasında işbirliğini E) Ulaşım kolaylığını



33. Parçada sözü edilen ekiplerin özellikleriyle ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisinden söz edilmemektedir? A) Damar üzerinde etkili ilaçlar kullanmak B) Mekanik ventilasyon yapabilmek C) Girişimsel hemodinamik görüntüleme yapabilmek D) Çocuk hastaların yoğun bakımında eğitilmiş olmak E) Farklı hastanelerden gelmek



34. Parçada, verilerle ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisinin bulunduğundan söz edilmektedir? A) Geçerlilik



B) Yetersizlik



D) Kararsızlık 31. Parçada, sözü edilen merkezileştirmede temel alınan veriler aşağıdakilerden hangisine işaret etmektedir?



C) Çeşitlilik



E) Güvenirlilik



35. Parçada, yetişkin bakımıyla ilgili olarak aşağıdaki konulardan hangisinde fikir birliği olmadığından söz edilmektedir?



A) Hacim ve sonuç ilişkisine



A) Uzmanlaşmış merkezlerin gereğinde



B) Bazı özelleşmiş servislere ulaşılamadığına



B) Merkezileşmenin değerinde



C) Ortak görüşlere sıklıkla gerek duyulduğuna



C) Yoğun bakım ünitelerinin gerekliliğinde



D) Hastaların yakın servisleri seçtiğine



D) Hastanın taşınmasının olumsuz etkilerinde



E) Çalışanların yetersizliğine



E) Risklerin belirlenmesinde



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



7



2010 - TUS Sonbahar / İNG 37. Parçaya göre, bir hastada alevlenmelerin en güvenilir belirleyicisi aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



36. – 40. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Şiddeti The natural history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is punctuated by exacerbations – acute worsening of smptoms. Exacerbations appear to accelerate the decline in lung function that characterizes COPD resulting in reduced physical activity, poorer quality of life and an increased risk of death and they are also responsible for a large proportion of the health care costs attributable to this prevalent condition. Consequently, exacerbations are important outcomes in clinical trials and their prevention is a key component of COPDmanagement strategies. Despite the importance of exacerbations, we know relatively little about their incidence, their determinants and their effects on patients with COPD at various levels of severity. Although exacerbations are generally considered to become more frequent as the severity of the underlying COPD increases, the most reliable predictor of exacerbations in an individual patient appears to be a history of exacerbations. There may therefore be a phenotype of exacerbation susceptibility that includes milder forms of COPD. However, this theory has not been adequately investigated because our current understanding of COPD exacerbations and their relationship to disease severity is based on large intervention studies or multiple smaller studies that have used varying definitions of exacerbation.



B) Sıklığı D) Etkileri



C) Öyküsü



E) Nedenleri



38. Parçada sözü edilen kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığıyla ilgili teori aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Farklı düzeydeki hastalarda alevlenmenin etkisinin de farklı olacağı B) Hastalık şiddetlendikçe alevlenmelerin arttığı C) Alevlenmeler engellenirse hastalığın tedavi edileceği D) Hastalığın hafif şeklini içeren bir alevlenmeye yatkınlık fenotipi olabileceği E) Alevlenmelerin hastalığın doğal bir sonucu olduğu



39. Parçanın ikinci cümlesinde geçen “appears” sözcüğünün Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Farklılaşır



B) Görünür



D) Şiddetlenir



C) Benzetilir



E) Yanıltır



36. Parçada sözü edilen hastalıkta aşağıdakilerden hangisi hastalığın alevlenmesinin sonuçlarından biri değildir? A) Akciğer işlevlerindeki hızlı azalma 40. Parçanın son cümlesinde geçen “has not been adequately investigated” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



B) Fiziksel aktiviteyi azaltma C) Yaşam kalitesini düşürme



A) Yeterince incelenmemiştir



D) Ölüm riskinde artma



B) Tamamen açıklanmamıştır



E) Hastalığın tedavisinde gecikme



C) Uygun biçimde tasarlanmamıştır D) Gerekli biçimde belirtilmemiştir E) Doğru olarak saptanmamıştır



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



8



2010 - TUS Sonbahar / İNG 42. Parçada, otizm spektrum bozukluklarıyla ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisinden söz edilmemektedir?



41. – 45. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Genetik bileşeni olduğu konusunda çok veri bulunur.



Autism, a neuropsychiatric disorder with an onset before 3 years of age, is characterized by impaired reciprocal communication and social interaction as well as by restricted and stereotyped patterns of interests and behaviour. The definition can be further broadened to include atypical autism, Asperger’s syndrome and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified, to create a class of conditions collectively referred to as autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). ASDs affect approximately 0.6-1.2% of the general population, with a marked excess of boys compared with girls of about 4:1. Multiple lines of evidence have shown that autism has a large genetic component. The prevalence of ASDs is increased to 2-8% among siblings of affected individuals and the concordance rates increase from 0% in same-sex dizygotic twins to 36-60% in monozygotic pairs. Thus, the heritability of autism is about 90%, making it the most heritable of the childhood onset neuropsychiatric disorders. Despite the obvious importance of genetic factors in autism development, the search for genes underlying susceptibility has met with limited success. A large number of linkage studies have been conducted and have identified possible susceptibility loci on multiple chromosomes. Although there is not total concordance between the different studies, certain regions, such as those on chromosomes 2, 3, 7, 11, 16, 17 and 19, have been implicated multiple times. Candidate gene studies have been used as an alternative approach for identifying variants increasing susceptibility to autism.



B) Erkek çocuklarda kızlara göre dört misli fazla görülür. C) Erkek ayrı yumurta ikizlerinde, tek yumurta ikizlerinden daha fazla görülür. D) Çocuklardaki nöropsikiyatrik hastalıkların en kalıtsal olanıdır. E) Toplumun genelinde az görülür.



43. Parçada, alternatif bir yaklaşım olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisinin incelendiğinden söz edilmektedir? A) Aday genler



B) Yatkınlık



C) Kromozomlar



D) Kız hastalar



E) Genetik bağlantılar



44. Parçaya göre, otizme yatkınlığın temelindeki genlerle ilgili araştırmalar için aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmektedir? A) Geriye dönük çalışmalarla desteklenmiştir. B) Çalışmalar arasında bağlantı kurulmuştur. C) Başarısı kısıtlı olmuştur.



41. Parçada, otizmin belirleyici unsurları arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi sayılmamaktadır?



D) Birçok aile incelenmiştir. E) Birçok ilgili protein bulunmuştur.



A) Sosyal etkileşim bozukluğu B) İletişim bozukluğu



45. Parçanın ikinci cümlesinde geçen “can be further broadened” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



C) Üç yaşından önce ortaya çıkma D) Kısıtlı ve kalıpsal ilgilenme şekli ve davranış



A) Yaygınlaşması mümkün olabilir



E) Algılama bozukluğu



B) İleri boyutta incelenebilir C) İlerlemesi sağlanabilir D) Geniş anlamda açıklanabilir E) Daha fazla genişletilebilir



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



9



2010 - TUS Sonbahar / İNG 47. Parçada, leptinin aşağıdakilerden hangisindeki işleviyle ilgili güçlü deliller olduğu söylenmektedir?



46. – 50. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Atardamar basıncının kontrolündeki Embryo implantation represents the most critical step of the reproductive process. It consists of a unique biological phenomenon, by which the blastocyst becomes intimately connected to the maternal endometrial surface to form the placenta that will provide an interface between the growing fetus and the maternal circulation. A large number of identified molecular mediators have been postulated to be involved in the early feto-maternal interaction, including hormones, adhesion molecules, cytokines, growth factors, lipids and others. During pregnancy, the placenta produces a wide number of these molecules that play essential roles in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy adaptation of the maternal organism to pregnancy, fetal growth, and development of the mechanisms involved in parturition. In this context, leptin has emerged as an important player in reproduction, and in particular, a relevant role of leptin in implantation has been proposed. Leptin, the product of the LEP gene, is a small nonglycosilated peptide of 146 amino acid residues, firstly found to be secreted by adipose tissue, with the function of modulation of satiety and energy balance. Actually, leptin can be considered as a multifunctional hormone that regulates not only body weight homeostasis but also thermogenesis angiogenesis, hematopoiesis, osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, neuroendocrine, and immune functions, as well as arterial pressure control. Strong evidence also implicated leptin in reproductive functions, such as the regulation of fertility, ovarian function, oocyte maturation, embryo development, and implantation.



B) Kan yapımındaki C) Bağışıklıktaki D) Üremedeki E) Kemik yapımındaki



48. Parçada, leptin ile ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmemektedir? A) LEP geninin ürünüdür. B) Küçük bir peptittir. C) Mideden salgılanır. D) Önce yağ dokudan salgılandığı bulunmuştur. E) Tokluk ve enerji dengesini düzenler.



49. Parçanın ikinci cümlesinde geçen “intimately connected” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Sıkıca bağlı



B) İçten yapışık



C) İleri düzeyde ilişkili



D) Aradan tutunmuş



E) Yan yana dizilmiş 46. Parçaya göre, aşağıdakilerden hangisinden çok sayıda tanımlanan vardır? A) Fetustan salgılanan büyüme faktörlerinden



50. Parçanın beşinci cümlesinde geçen “has emerged” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



B) Erken dönemde fetus-anne etkileşimlerini düzenleyen moleküllerden C) Blastosist üzerinde etkisi olan hormonlardan



A) Gerçekleştirdi



B) Oluştu



D) Yağ dokusunu oluşturan etkenlerden



C) Etkiledi



D) Önem kazandı E) Ortaya çıktı



E) Damar genişletici maddelerden



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



10



2010 - TUS Sonbahar / İNG 52. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisiyle ilgili birçok şeyin bilinmediği söylenmektedir?



51. – 55. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Obezitenin diyabet oluşumuna yol açtığıyla Metabolic syndrome is defined as the presence of ≥ 3 of 5 the following cardiovascular risk factors: increase in triglyceride levels, decrease in HDL cholesterol, moderate fasting hyperglycemia, hypertension, and increase in waist circumference. Individuals with central obesity have a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Because of its major role in the development of type 2 diabetes, atherogenic dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, some cancers, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, visceral obesity has emerged as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Chronic overnutrition and/or an imbalance between energy expenditure and energy intake favor excessive body fat accumulation. Although we now have considerable knowledge concerning the pathways that lead to a state of energy imbalance favouring adiposity, much remains to be elucidated. Although a strategy involving a prolonged and marked reduction in caloric intake and increasing physical activiy is the mainstay of the current treatment of metabolic disorders, these improvements are rarely achieved simultaneously in real life. As a consequence, the aim of much translational research is the development of new pharmacological strategies for the reduction of cardiovascular risks associated with excessive fat accumulation. One physiological/pharmacological approach to its treatment is to try to achieve a negative energy and fat balance.



B) Kanserle beslenmenin ilişkisiyle C) Damar tıkanmasında lipitlerin rolüyle D) Enerji dengesinin sağlanmasında kişisel farklılıklarla E) Yağ birikmesinin nedeniyle



53. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisinin birçok araştırmanın hedefi olduğundan söz edilmektedir? A) Metabolik düzensizlikleri dengelemek B) Kalbi ve damarları koruyucu ilaçlar bulmak C) Karaciğer yağlanmasını engellemek D) Aşırı yağ birikimine bağlı kalp damar risklerini azaltmak E) Kalp damar hastalıklarının sebeplerini tanımlamak



54. Parçanın beşinci cümlesinde geçen “considerable knowledge” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Önde gelen sebep B) Farklılaşan süreç C) Dikkate değer bilgi



51. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisinin bütün dünyada morbidite ve mortalitenin önde gelen sebebi olduğu söylenmektedir?



D) Başlıca amaç E) Ayrıntılı yaklaşım



A) Hipertansiyonun B) Viseral obesitenin



55. Parçanın yedinci cümlesinde geçen “As a consequence” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



C) Kalp damar hastalıklarının D) Kanserin



A) Sonuç olarak



E) Diyabetin



B) Buna rağmen C) Bununla birlikte D) Örnek olarak E) Bunun haricinde



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



11



2010 - TUS Sonbahar / İNG 57. Parçada, migrenin hangi belirtisinden söz edilmemektedir?



56. – 60. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Migraine is a common neurological disorder that affects up to 15% of the adult population in developed countries. It is characterized by episodic, often disabling headache, associated with sensory (aura), autonomic (nausea and vomiting) and cognitive symptoms. Although debatable, many researchers regard migraine as a disorder in which Central Nervous System (CNS) dysfunction plays a pivotal part, with various parts of the trigeminal system necessary for expression of peripheral symptoms. From this framework, several novel approaches to migraine therapy have arisen. A gapjunction modulator was designed to block the putative initiator of migraine attacks – the spreading depression. A randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled, multicentre study showed fewer aura episodes for recipients of the modulator than in the placebo group but no significant difference in the median number of migrane headache days. Agonists of specific serotonin receptors are currently deemed the best acute migraine-specific treatment, and have provided relief to many patients: these drugs are generally well tolerated but are not without shortcomings.



A) Bilişsel belirtilerden



B) Kusmadan



C) Mide bulantısından



D) Auradan



E) Terlemeden



58. Aşağıdakilerden hangisi parçada sözü edilen çalışmayı tanımlamaz? A) Güncel



B) Rastgele



C) Çift-kör



D) Plasebo kontrollü E) Çok merkezli



59. Parçada, serotonin reseptör agonisti ile ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmemektedir? A) Yan etkileri yoktur. B) Bazı eksiklikleri vardır. C) Birçok hastaya iyi gelmiştir. D) Genellikle iyi tolere edilmiştir. E) Migrene özgü tedavide en iyi olarak kabul edilmiştir.



56. Parçada, migrenin hangi özelliğinin tartışılabilir olduğu söylenmektedir? A) Periferik belirtilerin önce ortaya çıkması B) Merkezi sinir sistemi tarafından tetiklenmesi C) Kusmanın otonomik bir belirtisi olması



60. Parçanın beşinci cümlesinde geçen “putative initiator” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



D) Gelişmiş ülkelerde daha yaygın olması E) Model sistemlerin yeterli bilgi sağlayabilmesi



A) Başlıca etki



B) Varsayılan başlangıç



C) Belirti oluşturan



D) Olası başlatıcı



E) Düşünülen odak



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



12



2010 - TUS Sonbahar / İNG 62. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisinden söz edilmemektedir?



61. – 65. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. About 25 years of experience with induced pregnancy has taught us how hormones control endometrial receptivity to embryo implantation. In particular, exogenous oestradiol and progesterone are sufficient for priming endometrial receptivity when ovaries are absent or non-functional. However, findings suggest that the endometrium is altered in women with endometriosis. These findings therefore question whether the endometrium is optimally receptive in endometriosis. Uterine production of prostaglandins E2 and F2α is well known during menses. Increased manufacture of prostaglandin is a typical finding in dysmenorrhoea, a disorder that sometimes responds to cyclo-oxygenase (COX) inhibitors. In endometriosis, alterations of prostaglandin production in the eutopic endometrium have been identified . These include activation of cyclooxgenes2 (COX2) and prostaglandin E2 manufactured by interleukin 1 and other cytokines made locally by developing macrophages. A key step identified in women with endometriosis is activation of steroidogenic factor 1. This transcription factor enables prostaglandin E2 to initiate expression of CYP19A1 (coding for aromatase, the enzyme that transforms testosterone into oestradiol) through stimulation of CYPI19A1’s type Ila promoter. This process ultimately leads to in-situ production of oestradiol, which possibly disrupts peristaltic activity of the myometrium.



A) Gelişmekte olan makrofajlar bölgesel olarak sitokin salgılarlar. B) Siklooksijenaz 2 inhibitörleri menstrasyonu etkileyebilir. C) Endometrioziste prostaglandin oluşmasında değişiklik olur. D) Endometriozis olan kadınlarda steroidojenik faktör 1 aktifleşir. E) Dismenorede prostaglandin sentezi azalır.



63. Parçaya göre, aromataz aşağıdakilerden hangisini oluşturur? A) Testosteron



B) Östradiol



C) Prostaglandin E2



D) İnterlökin 1



E) Siklooksijenaz



64. Parçanın ikinci cümlesinde geçen “sufficient” sözcüğünün Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? 61. Parçada sözü edilen bulguların aşağıdakilerden hangisini gösterdiği söylenmektedir?



A) Etkili



B) Gerekli D) Yeterli



A) Hormon düzeylerinin dışarıdan kontrol edilebileceği



C) Önemli



E) Geçerli



B) Endometrioziste hormonal değişimler olduğu C) Endometrioziste endometriyumun değiştiği 65. Parçanın son cümlesinde geçen “possibly disrupts” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



D) Endometriyumun hormon etkisiyle değiştiği E) Embriyo gelişiminde hormonların en önemli role sahip oldukları



A) Karışması olasıdır



B) Etkileyebilir



C) Muhtemelen bozar



D) Değiştirilebilir



E) Engelleyici olabilir



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



13



2010 - TUS Sonbahar / İNG 67. Parçada efrin reseptörleri ile ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerin hangisinden söz edilmemektedir?



66. – 70. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Hücresel etkilerine göre iki gruba ayrılırlar. The 5-year survival rate of all lung cancer patients is only approximately 15%. Roughly 90% of all cancer deaths are caused by metastatic disease, which is already present in the majority of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients at diagnosis. There is no standard screening or prevention strategy for former smokers, who remain at a high risk for NSCLC. Researchers have recently discovered that the receptor tyrosine kinase EphA2 is expressed in more than 90% of NSCLC but not significantly in normal lung tissue, suggesting that it may be a molecular target for treatment or prevention. The Eph family of receptors is the largest group of receptor tyrosine kinases identified to date, having 14 family members in mammals. Eph receptors and their ligands regulate diverse cellular processes including axon guidance, angiogenesis, and embryonic patterning. Eph receptors are classified into two subfamilies, A and B, based on sequence similarity and ligand affinity. Like the Eph receptors, their ligands, called ephrins (Ephreceptor family interacting proteins) are membrane bound and divided into two subfamilies based on how they are attached to the membrane. The A-type ephrins are attached to cell membranes via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor, and the B-type ephrins contain a transmembrane domain. Eph receptors are expressed in numerous tissue types but their expression tends to be highest in the nervous system and is higher in embryos than in adults. Overexpression of EphA2 has now been reported in NSCLC and a number of other human cancers. Increased EphA2 expression frequently correlates with a poor prognosis and likely contributes to the development of the malignant phenotype.



B) Bugüne kadar tanımlanan en geniş tirozin kinaz grubudur. C) Memelilerde 14 üyesi bulunur. D) Damar oluşumunda rol alırlar. E) Çeşitli hücresel işlemlerle düzenlerler.



68. Parçada, efrinlerle ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisinden söz edilmektedir? A) Yetişkinlerde embriyoya göre daha fazla bulunurlar. B) Zara bağlı olarak bulunurlar. C) Tirozin kinaz etkileri vardır. D) Az sayıda hücre tipinde görülür. E) En fazla sinir sisteminde yaygındırlar.



69. Parçada, geçmişte sigara içmiş olanlarla ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmektedir? A) Yeterli bir tarama programı içindedirler. B) Moleküler belirteçler yoluyla takip edilmelidirler. C) Küçük hücreli karaciğer kanseri % 15 oranında görülebilir. D) Sigaraya tekrar başlamaları engellenmelidir. E) Küçük hücreli olmayan akciğer kanseri riski taşırlar.



66. Parçaya göre, tanı sırasında küçük hücreli olmayan akciğer kanserlerinin büyük çoğunluğunda aşağıdakilerden hangisi görülür? A) Sigara içiciliği



B) Ölüm korkusu



C) Hâlsizlik



D) Nefes alma güçlüğü



70. Parçada sözü edilen reseptörün artan ifadesi sıklıkla aşağıdakilerden hangisiyle ilişkilidir? A) Metastatik oluşumlarla B) Hücre çoğalmasıyla



E) Metastaz



C) Kötü prognozla D) Reseptör-ligant ilişkilerinin bozulmasıyla E) Hücre zarındaki değişimlerle



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



14



2010 - TUS Sonbahar / İNG 72. Parçada, ishal olgularının büyük bölümü hakkında aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmektedir?



71. – 75. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Daha çok çocuklarda görülür. Infectious diseases pose a continuous disease burden on humans, and many diseases with unknown etiology may be caused by unidentified viruses. Key to effectively counter the potential public health threat caused by emerging infectious diseases requires a systematic exploration of infectious viruses. Diarrhea is a common cause of morbidity and mortality. In developing countries, the mortality associated with gastroenteritis has been estimated at 3 to 5 million cases per year. In industrialized countries although typically self-limited, diarrheal diseases are a significant cause of morbidity among all age groups. Most gastroenteritis cases in industrialized countries are caused by viruses. However, the etiological cause of a large proportion of diarrhea cases (up to about 40%) remains unresolved. The implementation of new technologies for virus discovery, based on microarrays or sequence-independent amplification of nucleic acids, already resulted in identification of many previously unknown viruses, among which are several new human astroviruses in human stool samples.



B) Bulaşıcılığı yoktur. C) Endüstrileşmiş ülkelerde iş kaybı sebebidir. D) Hastalık ateşle birlikte seyreder. E) Etkeni açıklığa kavuşmamıştır.



73. Parçada, yeni teknolojilerin uygulanmasının aşağıdakilerden hangisiyle sonuçlandığından söz edilmektedir? A) Gelişmiş ülkelerde ishal olgularının azalmasıyla B) Daha önce bilinmeyen virüslerin tanımlanmasıyla C) Yeni gastroenterit etkenlerinin bulunmasıyla D) Nükleik asit dizilerinin belirlenmesiyle E) Araştırmaların yaygınlaşmasıyla



74. Parçanın ilk cümlesinde geçen “continuous disease burden” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Hastalığın seyri B) Hastalık süresinde artış C) Ağır hastalık biçimi D) Sürekli hastalık yükü 71. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisi morbidite ve mortalitenin yaygın bir nedeni olarak belirtilmiştir?



E) Devam eden hastalık



A) Tanımlanmamış virüsler B) Gastroenterit C) İshal



75. Parçanın ikinci cümlesinde geçen “requires” sözcüğünün Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



D) Enfeksiyon E) Astrovirüsler



A) Gerektirir



B) Kapsar



C) Sonuçlanır



D) Açıklar E) Destekler



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



15



2010 - TUS Sonbahar / İNG 78. Parçada sözü edilen çalışmaya dahil edilen bazı hastalarda aşağıdakilerden hangisinin oluştuğundan söz edilmektedir?



76. – 80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Visual function is directly dependent on the health of a wide array of tissues that comprise the eye, which are commonly implicated in both inherited and acquired ocular diseases. Many of these previously untreatable diseases are proving amenable to interventions from the growing field of ocular gene therapy. Specifically, recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vector-mediated ocular gene therapy has demonstrated success in numerous in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo preclinical models, and extensive preclinical studies have culminated in the first successful ocular gene therapy clinical trial. Three independent phase I clinical trials have been conducted to investigate the therapeutic potential of rAAV-mediated gene therapy in Leber’s congenital amaurosis. Thus far, results from all three clinical trials have proven promising as some of the patients enrolled in the study are experiencing marked improvements in their vision.



76. Parçada, görme işlevinin aşağıdakilerden hangisine bağlı olduğundan söz edilmektedir?



A) Beklentilerinde artış B) Oküler hastalık C) Görmelerinde belirgin gelişme D) Kısa süreli iyileşme E) Gen tedavisinden çekinme



79. Parçanın ikinci cümlesinde geçen “amenable to interventions” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



A) Kalıtsal hastalık olmamasına



A) İlgilenilmeyi bekleyen



B) Damarlarla ilgili sorun olmamasına



B) Değişime hazır C) Düzeltilmesi gereken



C) Gözün etrafındaki alanların düzgün çalışmasına



D) Girişimlere uygun



D) Genel sağlık durumuna



E) İyileştirilmesi beklenen



E) Gözü oluşturan dokuların sağlığına



77. Parçada, oküler gen tedavisiyle ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisinden söz edilmemektedir? A) Leber’in konjenital amorozunda etkili olabileceğinden 80. Parçanın son cümlesinde geçen “promising” sözcüğünün Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



B) Sadece kalıtsal göz hastalıkları için uygulanabilecek olmasından C) Üç tane faz 1 klinik deneme yürütülmesinden



A) Ümit verici



D) Rekombinant virüslerin taşıyıcı olarak kullanılmasından



B) Yararlı



C) Etkili



D) Uygulanabilir E) İlgili



E) Klinik öncesi ve klinik uygulamalarının bulunmasından



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



16



2010 - TUS Sonbahar / İNG 82. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisinin tamamen anlaşılmadığından söz edilmektedir?



81. – 85. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Myofibroblastların şekilsel farklılıklarının Tumours are composed of heterogeneous populations of cells including transformed cells and a multitude of untransformed cells. Although the prevalence of different cell types varies among tumours and at different stages of tumour progression, they include infiltrating inflammatory and immune cells, endothelial cells and mesenchymalderived smooth muscle cells, pericytes, and tumourassociated fibroblasts (TAFs) which are referred to herein collectively as stromal cells. TAFs are a heterogeneous population that can be phenotypically distinguished from normal fibroblasts. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) has emerged as a marker of reactive fibroblasts in tumours as well as granulation tissue and in fibrotic lesions. Although the phenotypic and functional heterogeneity among TAFs is yet to be fully-explored, at least a subset of TAFs have been characterized as myofibroblasts. Stromal cells communicate among themselves as well as with cancer cells and inflammatory and immune cells directly through cell contact and indirectly through paracrine/exocrine signaling, proteases and modulation of the ECM (extra cellular matrix). This complex communications network is pivotal to providing the appropriate microenvironment to support tumourigenesis, angiogenesis and metastasis. Considering the key role of the microenvironment in tumour development, identification of stromal targets for cancer therapeutics is of great interest and could provide strategies that will complement therapies directed against cancer cells. Among these potential targets is an array of proteases.



B) Fibrotik lezyonların içeriğinin C) Fibroblast uyarıcı proteinin etkisinin D) Stromal hücrelerin işlevsel özelliklerinin E) Tümörle ilişkili fibroblastların çeşitliliğinin



83. Parçaya göre, aşağıdakilerden hangisi stromal hücrelerin diğer hücrelerle iletişim kurma yolu değildir? A) Aracı hücreler B) Hücre teması C) Parakrin uyarılar D) Hücreler arası matriksi düzenleme E) Proteazlar



84. Parçada, proteazların potansiyel hedef seçilmesinde, aşağıdakilerden hangisinin tümör gelişimindeki önemli rolünün dikkate alındığı söylenmektedir? A) Hücresel değişimlerin B) Bağışıklık sisteminin



81. Parçada, tümörlerin yapısıyla ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisinden söz edilmemektedir?



C) Hücreler arası matriksin



A) Farklı hücre topluluklarından oluşurlar.



D) Mikroortamın



B) Tümörler arasında en fazla içerdikleri hücreler açısından farklar vardır.



E) Hücre yayılmasının



C) Büyümeye bağlı olarak transforme hücre sayısı artar. D) Tümörün değişik evrelerinde başlıca hücre tipi değişir. E) Transforme olmuş ve olmamış hücreler bulundururlar.



85. Parçanın ikinci cümlesinde geçen “varies” sözcüğünün Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Belirir



B) Değişir D) Yayılır



C) Gelişir



E) Oluşur



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



17



2010 - TUS Sonbahar / İNG 87. Parçada, Alzheimer hastalığının tanısını güçleştiren etkenler arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi sayılmamaktadır?



86. – 90. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Alzheimer disease (AD), the most common dementing disorder of late life, is now the sixth leading cause of death in the United States. The course of the disease is lengthy, and there is currently no effective treatment. A definitive diagnosis of AD requires postmortem examination of brain tissue for the presence of distinctive AD histopathology, including neurofibrillary tangles and extracellular deposits of the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) in senile plaques. Activation of microglia and astrocytes, induction of neuronal cell cycle events (CCEs) and regional cell loss are also observed. Understanding the relationship between the various neuropathological hallmarks of AD in the human brain has proven difficult because of a lack of accurate diagnostic markers; the length of disease progression and the considerable variation in the duration, severity, symptoms, age of onset, and clinical/pathological correlations. Microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain are found in a highly activated state in close anatomical proximity to senile plaques within the AD brain, where they secrete numerous proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Recent studies using in vivo imaging have demonstrated that microglia rapidly migrate to newly formed Aβ deposits in mouse models of AD and are capable of removing Aβ fibrils. However, it remains to be determined whether neuroinflammatory alterations also contribute to early steps in AD progression. Retrospective epidemiological studies indicate that chronic long-term treatment with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) decreases the risk for developing AD, which suggests that neuroinflammation may play a pivotal role in early disease processes. However, thus far, prospective clinical trials with multiple different NSAIDs have failed to demonsrate significant beneficial effects in individuals with existing cognitive impairments characteristic of AD. At present, the biological mechanisms underlying the divergent results obtained in the retrospective and prospective NSAID studies remain unclear.



86. Parçada, Alzheimer hastalığının tanısıyla ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerin hangisinin varlığına bakıldığından söz edilmemektedir?



A) Başlama yaşının çok çeşitli olması B) Doğru tanı belirteçlerinin olmaması C) Hastalığın ilerlemesinin uzun sürmesi D) Erken belirtilerinin olmaması E) Belirtilerinin çok farklılık göstermesi



88. Parçada, Azheimer hastalığında mikrogliaların davranışlarıyla ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisi söylenmemektedir? A) Senil plakları yakınında bulunurlar. B) Enflamasyonu Alzheimer gelişimine neden olur. C) Uyarılmış durumdadırlar. D) Beynin yerleşik hücreleridir. E) Çok sayıda enflamasyonu uyaran sitokinler salgılarlar.



89. Parçada, steroid olmayan antienflamatuar ilaçların kullanımıyla ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisinden söz edilmemektedir? A) Alzheimer’e özgü bilişsel bozuklukları olanlara yararlı olmamıştır. B) Uzun süreli kullanımı hastalığın gelişmesi riskini azaltır. C) Etkisi nöroenflamasyonun Alzheimer’da tetikleyici rol oynayabileceğini işaret eder. D) İleriye dönük çalışmalardan alınan sonuçlar olumludur. E) Yapılan çalışmalarda alınan farklı sonuçların altında yatan biyolojik mekanizmalar anlaşılmamıştır.



90. Parçanın sekizinci cümlesinde geçen “contribute” sözcüğünün Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



A) Nörofibril düğümlerinin B) Beta amiloid peptit kalıntılarının C) Bölgesel hücre kaybının D) Mikrogliaların uyarılmış olmasının



A) Katkıda bulunur



B) Etkinleştirir



C) İçerir



D) Neden olur E) Eklenir



E) Sinir hücrelerinde hücre döngüsünün baskılanmış olmasının



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



18



2010 - TUS Sonbahar / İNG 92. Parçada, distrofin geninde aynı mutasyonu taşıyan bir ailede hastalığın hangi açıdan farklı olduğu söylenmektedir?



91. – 95. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. In muscular dystrophy, there is progressive loss of muscle fibers and replacement by fibroblasts and adipocytes, resulting in muscle weakness. Mutations in the genes encoding dystrophin or its associated proteins, the sarcoglycans, lead to a classical form of disease with early onset and a severe course. Mutations that disrupt dystrophin or the sarcoglycans render the muscle plasma membrane fragile and lead to increased permeability. A leaky plasma membrane produces elevated intracellular calcium and initiates a cascade of proteolysis, cellular dysfunction and, ultimately, death of myofibers. As with most monogenetic disorders, there is phenotypic variability even with an identical gene mutation. Age of onset and ambulatory loss as well as targeted muscle groups, are influenced by the precise genetic mutation in the dystrophin gene. However, even within families where the same primary mutation occurs, there is a range of disease severity. The related disorder limb girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) type 2C, arises from mutations in the gene encoding the dystrophin-associated protein γsarcoglycan. The frameshifting mutation causes the loss of y-sarcoglycon protein, and has been associated with variable outcome, ranging from a severe, early-onset, Duchenne-like phenotype to a milder disease course, with individuals remaining ambulatory into their third and fourth decades. The uniform genetic underpinning of this muscular dystrophy underscores the presence of modifying factors as major determinants of outcome. It is likely that modifiers are equally important in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), but the large number of mutations complicates the analysis of genetic modifier loci.



A) Tedaviye yanıt B) Belirti C) Başlama yaşı D) Tutulum görülen kaslar E) Şiddet



93. Parçaya göre, genetik değiştiricilerin incelenmesini aşağıdakilerden hangisi güçleştirmektedir? A) Distrofin geninin çok büyük olması B) Mutasyonların çokluğu C) Birçok genin etkisinin olması D) Genler arası çeşitliliğin çok fazla olması E) Çerçeve kayması tipinde mutasyonlar bulunması



94. Parçanın altıncı cümlesinde geçen “as well as” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Başka bir deyişle



B) Karşılık olarak



C) Benzer şekilde



D) Aynı zamanda



E) Öte yandan 91. Parçada, kas plazma zarının geçirgenliğini artırmasıyla ilgili olaylar arasında aşağıdakilerden hangisi sayılmamaktadır? 95. Parçanın onuncu cümlesinde geçen “outcome” sözcüğünün Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



A) Hücrede işlevsel bozukluk oluşması B) Protein yıkım silsilesinin başlaması C) Hücre içi basıncın artması



A) Sonuç



B) Neden



D) Hücrede kalsiyum artması



C) İlişki



D) Varsayım E) Çıkarım



E) Sonunda kas liflerinin ölmesi



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



19



2010 - TUS Sonbahar / İNG 97. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisi için standart ilaç tedavisinin özellikle bir seçenek olduğu söylenmektedir?



96. – 100. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Maddi durumu elverişli olmayanlar



Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is pandemic worlwide and long-term persistence of this virus is known to cause liver cirrhosis. HCV infects about 3% of the world population. In some individuals, HCV infection is self-resolving but does not provide permanent immunity. Most often, HCV infection becomes chronic, manifesting itself as chonic hepatitis, liver carcinoma and cirrhosis. The antiviral treatment choice for such individuals is a combination therapy with standart medications especially in underdeveloped countries where the patients cannot afford the standard pegylated IFN therapy. It should be noted that the response to IFN therapy depends on viral genotype as some viral strains are resistant to the treatment. In addition, even among patients infected with the same genotype, the response to IFN therapy is variable, indicating that some host genetic factors such as interleuking (IL) 28B or human leukocyte antigen (HLA) might be influencing the cilinical outcome of IFN therapy. A polymorphism near IL28B is associated with the response to IFN therapy for patients with chronic genotype 1 HCV infection. In general, the host innate immune response against HCV infection involves the release of type I IFNs (IFN-α and -β) followed by the activation of many genes including cellular proteinase kinase R, MX proteins, RNA helicases and several other antiviral factors. The cellular immune response + to HCV shows involvement of CD4 T cells. This has been shown in experiments on chimpanzees where the animals that cleared virus more efficently showed + a strong association with CD4 T cells. Similarly, in humans the involvement of CD4+ T cells has been shown in response to interferon therapy.



B) Genetik yapısı uygun olanlar C) Etkeni bilinen siroz olguları D) Kronik karaciğer hastaları E) Karaciğer karsinomu olanlar



98. Parçada, interferon tedavisiyle ilgili olarak aşağıdakilerden hangisine dikkat edilmesi gerektiğinden söz edilmektedir? A) Polimorfizm özelliklerine B) Enfeksiyonun süresine C) Virüsün genotipine D) Aktive olan genlere E) İlgili proteinlere



99. Parçada, aşağıdakilerden hangisinin antiviral tedavinin etkili olmasını sağladığından söz edilmektedir? A) İnterlökin 28B



B) CD4+ T hücreleri



C) LA antijeni



D) RNA helikaz E) MX proteinleri



96. Parçada, hepatit enfeksiyonunun hangi durumda kalıcı bağışıklık yapmadığı söylenmektedir? A) Siroz geliştiğinde B) Kendiliğinden iyileşmede



100. Parçanın yedinci cümlesinde geçen “might be influencing” ifadesinin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?



C) Uzun süreli enfeksiyonlarda



A) Belirleyici olabilir



B) Artırabilir



D) Az gelişmiş ülkelerde



C) İlgili olabilir



D) Karışabilir E) Etkiliyor olabilir



E) İnterferon tedavisi görmede



TEST BİTTİ. CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



20



TIPTA UZMANLIK EĞİTİMİ GİRİŞ SINAVI (TUS) 17 NİSAN 2010



YABANCI DİLLER A KİTAPÇIĞI 1. E



26. C



51. D



76. A



2. C



27. A



52. A



77. B



3. B



28. B



53. B



78. E



4. B



29. D



54. E



79. C



5. E



30. A



55. C



80. E



6. D



31. E



56. A



81. B



7. E



32. B



57. B



82. D



8. B



33. A



58. C



83. E



9. A



34. C



59. E



84. A



10. D



35. D



60. B



85. C



11. C



36. B



61. A



86. E



12. E



37. D



62. D



87. B



13. A



38. A



63. E



88. C



14. D



39. C



64. B



89. A



15. B



40. E



65. D



90. C



16. B



41. D



66. C



91. D



17. C



42. A



67. A



92. A



18. E



43. A



68. D



93. E



19. D



44. D



69. B



94. B



20. A



45. B



70. E



95. D



21. E



46. E



71. D



96. A



22. A



47. C



72. C



97. B



23. C



48. B



73. A



98. D



24. B



49. E



74. C



99. C



25. D



50. A



75. E



100. E



TIPTA UZMANLIK EĞİTİMİ GİRİŞ SINAVI (TUS) 11 ARALIK 2010



İNGİLİZCE A KİTAPÇIĞI 1. E



26. A



51. B



76. E



2. C



27. D



52. E



77. B



3. C



28. B



53. D



78. C



4. A



29. E



54. C



79. D



5. D



30. C



55. A



80. A



6. B



31. A



56. B



81. C



7. E



32. B



57. E



82. E



8. D



33. E



58. A



83. A



9. A



34. D



59. A



84. D



10. B



35. B



60. D



85. B



11. E



36. E



61. C



86. E



12. D



37. C



62. E



87. D



13. A



38. D



63. B



88. B



14. C



39. B



64. D



89. D



15. D



40. A



65. C



90. A



16. B



41. E



66. E



91. C



17. A



42. C



67. A



92. E



18. E



43. A



68. B



93. B



19. B



44. C



69. E



94. D



20. E



45. E



70. C



95. A



21. C



46. B



71. C



96. B



22. A



47. D



72. E



97. A



23. B



48. C



73. B



98. C



24. C



49. A



74. D



99. B



25. E



50. E



75. A



100. E



İNGİLİZCE FEN BİLİMLERİ TESTİ 2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 5. Since total sleeping time is likely to decrease with age, older people may find going to bed later or ---- earlier helpful.



1. – 18. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. 1. Some temperate environments have mild winters with abundant ----, combined with extremely dry summers. A) heat



B) harvest D) supply



C) breaking down



D) keeping off



C) rainfall



E) growth



B) dependent D) desperate



B) making out



E) taking away



2. The world’s forests provide many ---- benefits, such as prevention of soil erosion, as well as commercially important timber. A) severe



A) getting up



6. Because chemistry ---- all materials, it is a subject of enormous importance.



C) extinct



A) makes up



E) valuable



B) looks up



D) deals with



C) runs over



E) turns out



3. Although most scientists agree that our planet will continue to warm, they disagree over how ---the warming will proceed. A) hideously



B) suitably



D) rapidly



C) profoundly



E) decadently 7. We ---- chemistry as the science of the composition and structure of materials and of the changes that materials ----. A) had defined / underwent B) can define / undergo C) have defined / had undergone D) defined / will have undergone



4. Each species has the capacity to produce more offspring than will ---- to maturity. A) conform



B) present



D) suggest



E) define / would have undergone



C) recognize



E) survive



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



1



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 8. For more than three thousand years, from the age of the pharaohs until the 1500s, people ---- that the sun, the stars, and the planets ---- around the earth.



11. Cells that ---- the fastest, such as those in the blood-forming tissues in bone marrow, ---- most seriously by nuclear radiations. A) will divide / must have been affected



A) have believed / had moved



B) have divided / had been affected



B) believe / have moved



C) divided / will be affected



C) had believed / move



D) had divided / have been affected



D) were believing / could have moved



E) divide / are affected



E) believed / moved



12. The changes of energy in nuclear reactions are enormous ---- comparison ---- those in chemical reactions. 9. If we ---- the materials of technology, silicon ---the first on that list.



A) above / over



B) in / for



C) beyond / to



D) by / with



A) are listing / was



E) of / after



B) listed / had been C) were to list / would be D) had listed / is E) are to list / has been



13. ---- the fourteenth century, some architects broadened their studies ---- light and began to explore the science of optics. A) Over / over



B) During / of



C) Through / throughout



D) At / in



E) Among / under



10. A battery cell that ---- popular during the nineteenth century ---- in 1836 by the English chemist John Frederick Daniell. A) had become / had been constructed



14. ---- the source of energy for nuclear power plants and weapons can be the same, a typical nuclear power plant does not contain enough fissionable material in high enough concentration to produce a nuclear explosion.



B) would have become / has been constructed C) is to become / is constructed D) became / was constructed



A) Although



E) will become / may have been constructed



B) When



D) Just as



C) If E) In case



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



2



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 15. Enormous underground beds of sodium and potassium compounds formed ---- lakes and seas became isolated by geological events. A) as long as



B) so that



D) unless



19. – 23. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



C) even if Differences in temperature caused by variations in the (19)---- of solar energy at different locations drive the circulation of the atmosphere. The warm surface (20)---- the equator heats the air with which it comes into contact, causing this air to expand and rise. (21)---- the warm air rises, it flows away from the equator, cools, and sinks again. (22)---- of it recirculates back to the same areas which it originally (23)----, but the remainder flows towards the poles, where eventually it is chilled. Similar upward movements of warm air and its subsequent flow towards the poles occur at higher altitudes.



E) when



16. A mixture is a material ---- can be separated by physical means into two or more substances. A) whereas



B) whereby



D) that



19.



C) whether



A) pattern



E) as



B) severity D) pressure



C) influence



E) amount



20. A) until



B) inside D) near



C) through E) within



17. With a nuclear weapon, the objective is to release the energy ---- rapidly ---- possible and produce a nuclear explosion. A) as / as



B) both / and D) so / that



21.



C) either / or



A) As



E) not only / but also



B) Although D) As long as



C) Just as



E) Even if



22. A) Any



B) Much D) Many



18. Temperate rain forest, ---- occurs on the northwest coast of North America, receives high precipitation and is dominated by large conifers. A) as well as



B) more than



D) same as



C) A few E) Few



23. A) is to leave



C) such as



B) leaves



D) will leave



E) then



C) had left



E) left



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



3



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 27. Although Dalton considered atoms to be the ultimate particles of matter, ----.



24. – 35. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.



A) we now know that atoms themselves have structures



24. ---- as it extends outwards into space. A) Earth’s rotation influences the direction that winds blow



B) metallic elements and their compounds are obtained principally from the earth’s crust



B) The atmosphere becomes less dense



C) silicon is a prominent and considerably useful material of technology



C) Without the sun, life on Earth would cease



D) ceramics have been extended to include materials other than fired clay and glass



D) The nature of wind, with its turbulent gusts or lulls, is complex and difficult to understand



E) composites are constructed of two or more materials



E) Winds tend to blow from areas of high atmospheric pressure to areas of low pressure



28. ---- whether the universe will continue to expand forever.



25. ---- that consists of physically distinct parts, each with different properties.



A) From the discussions at the conference it has been clear



A) By the end of the eighteenth century Lavoisier and others had examined many compounds



B) There is evidence for the growing view



B) Millions of substances have been characterized by chemists



C) Many scientists have conclusively proved D) A recent analysis of some galaxies has shown



C) The various materials we see around us are either substances or mixtures of substances



E) One important question is



D) A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture E) The word “matter” is the general term used to refer to the materials around us



29. If there was a “Big Bang,” that is, a huge explosion in space some 15 billion years ago, ----. 26. ---- when the atoms in substances rearrange and combine into new substances.



A) there are two other ways to find out the age of the universe



A) The speeds of molecules in a gas vary over a range of values



B) a great deal of evidence has been offered



B) Atomic theory is central to chemistry



C) it must have occurred simultaneously at all points in the universe



C) A chemical reaction occurs



D) the ages of stars have been estimated to be about 10 to 15 billion years



D) The first metals used by man were probably those that occurred naturally such as gold



E) over 90 per cent of the universe may be nonluminous dark matter



E) A metal ore contains varying quantities of economically worthless material



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



4



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 30. Organisms depend on the atmosphere, ----.



33. Many animals have a defined growth period ----.



A) although the sun’s energy is emitted into space in the form of electromagnetic radiation



A) that terminates when a characteristic adult size is reached



B) but they also maintain and, in certain instances, modify its composition



B) even when the living material within cells is in continuous motion



C) since, without the sun’s energy, all water on planet Earth would be frozen



C) although organisms move as they interact with the environment



D) just as the persistent prevailing winds blowing over the oceans produce ocean currents



D) whether adaptations are traits that enable an organism to survive in a particular environment



E) if the position of land masses also affects oceanic circulation



E) since Darwin did not know about DNA or understand the mechanisms of inheritance



31. Earth’s temperature shows significant variations ----.



34. ----, Earth’s overall temperature increases.



A) because the sun’s energy does not uniformly reach all places



A) Because, during the past 1,000 years, forests in temperate areas were largely cleared



B) even though the atmosphere is an invisible layer of gases that envelops the Earth



B) Since subsistence agriculture accounts for 60 per cent of tropical deforestation



C) whether or not oxygen and nitrogen are the predominant gases in the atmosphere



C) As the atmosphere and the oceans warm



D) in case the atmosphere performs several ecologically important functions



D) Even though wildlife in tropical lands suffers due to deforestation



E) as deep ocean currents often travelled in different directions and at different speeds



E) While certain parts of the world are critically short of protected areas such as national parks



35. ----, the change in the length of a metal rod is generally too small to measure accurately for ordinary changes in temperature.



32. In a natural ecosystem, the essential minerals removed from the soil by plants are returned ----. A) whereby many human activities generate soil problems, including mineral depletion



A) When the first idea for a thermometer made use of the expansion of a gas



B) since water, wind, ice, and other agents cause soil erosion



B) Although metals expand with temperature



C) while humans often accelerate soil erosion through poor soil management practices



C) Just as the most common scale today to measure temperature is the Celsius scale



D) although soil is a valuable natural resource on which humans depend for food



D) As long as the Fahrenheit scale is commonly used in the United States



E) when the plants and the animals that eat them die and decompose



E) If different materials do not expand in quite the same way over a wide temperature range



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



5



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 38. Several problems have to be overcome to make any nuclear reactor function.



36. – 38. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz. 36. The discovery of the electron in the 1890s might be said to mark the beginning of modern physics.



A) Herhangi bir nükleer reaktörün çalışmasını sağlamak için, bir sürü sorunun çözümlenmesi şarttır.



A) 1890’larda elektronun keşfinin, modern fiziğin başlangıcını belirlediği söylenebilir.



B) Bir nükleer reaktörün çalışması, pek çok sorunun üstesinden gelinmesine bağlıdır.



B) Denilebilir ki elektronun 1890’larda keşfi, modern fiziğin başlangıcını ifade eder.



C) Bir nükleer reaktörü çalıştırabilmek için, çeşitli sorunların aşılması gerekmektedir.



C) 1890’larda elektronun keşfi ile modern fizik başlamıştır denilebilir.



D) Birçok sorunun çözümlenmesi, bir nükleer reaktörün çalışması için gereklidir.



D) Modern fiziğin, 1890’larda elektronun keşfi ile başladığı söylenebilir.



E) Bir nükleer reaktörün çalışması için, farklı pek çok sorunun çözümü gerekir.



E) Elektronun 1890’larda keşfi üzerine, modern fiziğin başladığı söylenebilir.



39. – 41. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz. 37. One of the most interesting applications of laser light is the production of three-dimensional images called “holograms.”



39. 1930’ların ortalarına kadar, tüm atomların, nötronlar, protonlar ve elektronlardan oluştuğu kabul ediliyordu.



A) “Hologram” denilen ve üç boyutlu olan görüntülerin üretilmesi, lazer ışığının en ilginç kullanımlarından bir tanesidir.



A) Until the mid-1930s, it was admitted that all atoms were made up of neutrons, protons, and electrons.



B) Lazer ışığının en ilginç uygulamalarından biri, “hologram” adı verilen üç boyutlu görüntülerin üretilmesidir.



B) Down to the middle of the 1930s, it was agreed that neutrons, protons, and electrons constituted atoms of all kinds.



C) “Hologram” olarak bilinen üç boyutlu görüntüler, lazer ışığının en ilginç bir şekilde kullanımı ile üretilmektedir.



C) By the middle of the 1930s, atoms of all kinds were believed to have neutrons, protons, and electrons in them.



D) Lazer ışığının en ilginç bir başka kullanımı, “hologram” olarak tanımlanan üç boyutlu görüntü üretimidir.



D) It was about the mid-1930s that the basic constituents of all atoms were considered to be neutrons, protons, and electrons.



E) En ilginç bir uygulama ile, lazer ışığı, “hologram” denilen üç boyutlu görüntülerin üretiminde kullanılmaktadır.



E) As far back as the mid-1930s, it was recognized that every atom had neutrons, protons, and electrons as its basic constituents.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



6



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 40. Samanyolunun sayısız yıldızdan ibaret olduğunu ilk gözlemleyen, Galileo olmuştur.



42. – 46. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz.



A) The Milky Way was first observed by Galileo who suggested that it consisted of innumerable stars.



42. Energy can be transformed from one form to another. A stone held high in the air has potential energy; as it falls, it loses potential energy, since its height above the ground decreases. At the same time, it gains in kinetic energy, since its velocity is increasing. Potential energy is being transformed into kinetic energy. ---- At the base of the dam, the kinetic energy of the water can be transferred into turbine blades and further transformed into electric energy.



B) It was Galileo who first observed that the Milky Way is comprised of countless stars. C) Galileo was the first to observe the Milky Way, which is made up of an infinite number of stars. D) For Galileo, who first made observations, an infinite number of stars constituted the Milky Way. E) The Milky Way, which was first observed by Galileo, is constituted by a countless number of stars.



A) As for potential energy, it is the energy associated with forces that depend on the position or configuration of a body or bodies and the surroundings. B) The word “work” has a variety of meanings in everyday language, but in physics, work is given a very specific meaning to describe what is accomplished by the action of a force. C) Similarly, water at the top of a dam has potential energy, which is transformed into kinetic energy as the water falls.



41. Aşağı yukarı 200 yıl öncesine kadar, bilimsel araştırmalarda ölçüm birimleri standart değildi ve bu standart eksikliği, bilimsel iletişimi zorlaştırıyordu.



D) Besides the kinetic and potential energy of ordinary objects, there are other forms of energy, which include electric energy, nuclear energy, thermal energy, and chemical energy.



A) Since the units of measurement in scientific research had not been standardized before, there was much difficulty in scientific communication about 200 years ago.



E) For instance, according to the atomic theory, thermal energy is interpreted as the kinetic energy of rapidly moving molecules.



B) Due to the lack of standards for the units of measurement in scientific research, scientific communication until about 200 years ago was very difficult. C) It was about 200 years ago that, as there were no standards for the units of measurement in scientific research, it was extremely difficult to have any scientific communication. D) It was very hard to have any scientific communication about 200 years ago because there was a serious lack of standards for the units of measurement in scientific research. E) Until about 200 years ago, the units of measurement in scientific research were not standardized, and this lack of standards made scientific communication difficult.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



7



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 43. Electronics and communications have been completely transformed by technological advances in materials. A good example is opticalfibre cables that have replaced long-distance telephone cables made of copper wire. Optical fibres are fine threads of extremely pure glass. ---- Not only are optical-fibre cables cheaper and less bulky than copper cables carrying the same information, but also by using different colours of light, optical-fibre cables can carry voice, data, and video information at the same time.



44. One characteristic property of a gas is its compressibility, that is, its ability to be squeezed into a smaller volume by the application of pressure. By comparison, liquids and solids are relatively incompressible. The compressibility of gases was first studied quantitatively by Robert Boyle in 1661. When he poured mercury into the open end of a J-shaped tube, the volume of the enclosed gas decreased. Each addition of mercury increased the pressure on the gas, decreasing its volume. ----



A) In fact, in view of staggering advances in scientific research and technological application, one can say that scientists continue to develop new materials and discover new properties of old ones.



A) It is true that gases are composed of molecules whose size is negligible compared with the average distance between them. B) While studying the composition of air, John Dalton concluded in 1801 that each gas in a mixture of unreactive gases acts as though it were the only gas in the mixture.



B) Scientists have demonstrated that they can transform light pulses into electronic computer signals at the rate of 3 billion bits of information a second.



C) According to Newton, the pressure of a gas was due to the mutual repulsions of the gas particles, that is, gas molecules.



C) Marconi (1874-1937) invented and developed the wireless telegraph, which could send messages hundreds of kilometres at the speed of light without the use of wires.



D) The Swiss mathematician and physicist Daniel Bernoulli suggested in 1738 that molecules of gases move faster at higher temperatures.



D) Because of their purity, these fibres can transmit laser light pulses for miles compared with only a few inches in ordinary glass.



E) From such experiments, he formulated the law now known by his name and called “Boyle’s law.”



E) Moreover, chemists could correlate molecular structure with the characteristics of materials and so begin to fashion materials with special characteristics.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



8



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 45. Sometimes organisms modify their own microclimate. For instance, trees modify the local climate within a forest so that in summer the temperature is usually lower, and the relative humidity greater, than outside the forest. The temperature and humidity beneath the litter of the forest floor differ still more; in the summer this area is considerably cooler and moister than the surrounding forest. ---- The cooler daytime microclimate in their burrows permits them to survive until night, when the surface cools off and they can come out to forage or hunt.



47. – 51. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz. 47. Edward: - Recently I’ve been reading about the Gaia hypothesis. Although some scientists are reluctant to accept it, I am for it. Tina: - Yes, I know there has been much debate recently on this hypothesis. But what is the hypothesis about exactly?



A) As another example, many desert-dwelling animals burrow to avoid surface climatic conditions that would kill them in minutes.



Edward: - ----



B) An area’s climate comprises the average weather conditions that occur there over a period of years.



Tina: - I see. Surely, planet Earth is alive in the sense that it is capable of self-maintenance.



C) One of the most important climatic factors is temperature, which comprises both average temperature and temperature extremes.



A) As far as I am concerned, the hypothesis is not based on verifiable scientific evidence.



D) Precipitation is greatest where warm air passes over the ocean, absorbing moisture, and is then cooled, such as when humid air is forced upwards by mountains.



B) I am afraid I can’t explain it to you in detail, but it is something to do with the earth. C) You should know about it better than I do because you have written a lot about it.



E) Actually the tropics are hotter and less variable in climate than are temperate and polar areas.



D) I can see you are one of the scientists who are strongly opposed to it. E) Well, according to the Gaia hypothesis, Earth can be viewed as a single living organism.



46. Fires were a part of the natural environment long before humans appeared, and many terrestrial ecosystems have adapted to it. African savana, North American grasslands, and pine forests of the southern United States are some of the fireadapted ecosystems. For example, fire helps maintain grasses as the dominant vegetation in grasslands by removing fire-sensitive hardwood trees. The influence of fire on plants became even more evident once humans appeared. ---- Indeed, humans set fires for many reasons, such as for agricultural exploitation and urban development. A) Humans also try to prevent fires, and sometimes this effort can have disastrous consequences. B) Because humans deliberately and accidentally set fires, fire became a more common occurrence. C) When fire is excluded from a fire-adapted ecosystem, organic litter accumulates. D) The deadly fire in Colorado during the summer of 1994 claimed the lives of 14 firefighters. E) Controlled burns are used to suppress firesensitive trees, thereby maintaining the natural fire-adapted ecosystem.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



9



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 48. Tom: - By the way, let me ask you a simple question: how do you explain the wide variety of organisms on Earth?



49. Jack: - As a scientist, can you tell me the relationship between a hypothesis and a theory?



Philip: - I don’t think it is a simple question with a simple answer. A lot can be said in answer to this question. Tom: - ---Philip: - Alright. One major explanation is that, since Earth has many different climates, ranging from cold, snow-covered polar climates to hot tropical climates where it rains almost every day, each climate has its own organisms which have adapted to it and differ widely from the organisms of other climates. A) I thought I would get the right answer only from you, but you have disappointed me. B) Are you in fact saying that you can’t answer my question accurately?



Samuel: - Sure I can. Why do you ask? It is a very technical question. Jack: - ---Samuel: - Well, in that case, I can tell you that, if a hypothesis successfully passes many tests, it becomes known as a theory. A) I know it is. Recently I’ve been interested in scientific terms and issues. So I wanted to take your view on this matter. B) Don’t you think explanations help us organize knowledge and predict future events? C) I’ve always believed that, as the two aspects of science, experiment and explanation are closely related. D) After a series of experiments, a researcher can see some relationship or regularity in the results.



C) I am sure of it. However, you can at least tell me in general terms why this is so.



E) Clearly, the design of experiments and the explanation of results draw on the creativity of a researcher.



D) Do you mean that scientific matters are very complex and have no right answers? E) I agree with you. So complicated a question as this one cannot be answered right away.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



10



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 51. Steven: - Wasn’t it the American astronomer Edwin Hubble who first put forth the idea that the universe is expanding?



50. Franklin: - Did you know that aluminium is the most important commercial metal after iron? Robin: - Yes, of course. It is a metal with a very wide range of use in daily life.



Larry: - Yes, it was him. He did much of his observational work in the 1920s on Mt. Wilson near Los Angeles.



Franklin: - ---Robin: - Yes, true. But, with the addition of other metals, such as copper and magnesium, hard and corrosion-resistant alloys are produced, and it is these alloys that are widely used in structures, containers, packaging and other sectors. A) Exactly so. Aluminium cans are an environmental problem because they remain intact for decades. B) Yet not so much as pure aluminium, which is very soft and chemically reactive.



Steven: - ---Larry: - Yes; and that makes his work all the more remarkable. A) Well, his idea seems to imply that, before the creation of the galaxies, there must have been a great explosion in space. B) Thus, it becomes clear why the space telescope used by NASA today is called “the Hubble Space Telescope.” C) So, in the early twentieth century, he made a bold suggestion which yet needed to be proved.



C) We need to recycle aluminium cans and, thus, save on the energy required in the electrolytic production of the metal.



D) Can he be regarded as the most important pioneer of the space exploration that has gained momentum since the 1950s?



D) Do you accept the view that it is the third most abundant element in the earth’s crust?



E) So, the technology he had at his disposal for his observations, must have been rather primitive.



E) Moreover, the principal ore of aluminium is bauxite, which is particularly common in tropical and subtropical regions.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



11



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 52. – 56. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. 52. (I) The atmosphere has three prevailing winds that blow more or less continually. (II) The solar energy that reaches polar regions is less concentrated and produces lower temperatures. (III) Prevailing winds that blow from the northeast near the North Pole or the southeast near the South Pole are called “polar easterlies.” (IV) Winds that blow in the mid-latitudes from the southwest in the Northern Hemisphere or the northwest in the Southern Hemisphere are “westerlies”. (V) Tropical winds that blow from the northeast in the Northern Hemisphere or the southeast in the Southern Hemisphere are referred to as “trade winds.” A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



B) II



C) III



D) IV



A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



E) V



53. (I) Many different conditions exist along the length of a river or stream. (II) The nature of a flowing-water ecosystem changes greatly from its source, where it begins, to its mouth, where it empties into another body of water. (III) For example, headwater streams are usually shallow, cold, swiftly flowing. (IV) In contrast, rivers downstream from the headwaters are wider and deeper, less cold and slower-flowing. (V) Unless strong conservation measures are initiated soon, human population growth and industrialization in tropical countries will spell the end of tropical rain forests by the middle of the century. A) I



55. (I) In his theory of the universe Newton assumed the universe was static. (II) Galaxies tend to be grouped in galaxy clusters, with anywhere from a few to many thousands of galaxies in each cluster. (III) In other words, Newton believed that no large-scale changes would occur over time. (IV) He recognized the difficulties in imagining a universe either as finite or as infinite. (V) If it is finite and has a boundary, then the question would be “What is beyond the boundary?”



56. (I) It is clear that nuclear power presents many risks. (II) Other large-scale energy-conversion methods, such as conventional coal-burning steam plants, also present health and environmental hazards. (III) When we speak of a vibration or an oscillation, we mean the motion of an object that regularly repeats itself, back and forth, over the same path. (IV) These include air pollution, oil spills, and the release of carbon dioxide. (V) In fact, while trying to meet the world’s needs for energy, we must find ways to overcome all these environmental hazards.



E) V



A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



54. (I) Lake and ocean shores have extensive sand dunes, which are deposited by wind and water. (II) At first these dunes are blown about by the wind. (III) The sand dune environment is severe, with high temperatures during the day and low temperatures at night. (IV) If ozone disappeared from the stratosphere, Earth would become unlivable for most forms of life. (V) Also, sand dunes are deficient in certain mineral nutrients needed by plants. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



12



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 58. It is clear from the passage that the areas with vegetation, where a wet season is followed by a dry season, ----.



57. – 60. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Wildfires are an important environmental hazard in many geographical areas. Those areas most prone to wildfires have wet seasons followed by dry seasons. Vegetation that grows and accumulates during the wet season dries out enough during the dry season to burn easily. When lightning hits the ground, it ignites the dry organic material, and a fire spreads through the area. Actually fires have several effects on the environment. First, burning frees the minerals that are locked in organic matter. The ashes remaining after a fire are rich in potassium, phosphorus, calcium, and other minerals essential for plant growth. Thus, vegetation flourishes following a fire. Second, fire removes plant cover and exposes the soil, which stimulates the germination of seeds requiring bare soil, and encourages the growth of shade-intolerant plants. Third, fire can cause increased soil erosion because it removes plant cover, leaving the soil more vulnerable to wind and water.



A) are most suitable for the germination of plant seeds B) usually have a vast range of environmental diversity C) maintain their plant cover and, therefore, are much prone to soil erosion D) are usually rich in various minerals that are essential for plant growth E) are most vulnerable to wildfires



59. As one learns from the passage, the reason why a wildfire is followed by vegetation growth is that ----. A) the minerals in the soil, especially potassium, phosphorus, and calcium, are preserved perfectly B) soil erosion takes a long time and, therefore, plants have time to grow up



57. According to the passage, soil erosion ----. A) is undoubtedly the most adverse effect that wildfires have on areas where plant cover is thick due to heavy vegetation B) can happen in an area which, due to wildfires, has lost its plant cover, whereby the soil has become exposed to wind and water



C) plant seeds in the soil are unaffected by the fire and begin to germinate in the wet season D) the ashes of the burnt organic matter contain many minerals indispensable for plants E) the area where the fires have taken place becomes suitable for shade-intolerant plants



C) can be prevented in areas prone to wildfires just as strict measures are taken to maintain adequate plant cover D) extensively undermines environmental sustainability because it not only removes plant cover, but also prevents plant growth



60. One understands from the passage that, while the wet season is favourable for vegetation, ----.



E) is mainly caused by wind and water, which destroy the plant cover of an area and turn the area into an arid land



A) the dry season ushers in the danger of fire B) it causes a great deal of soil erosion C) it leads to the depletion of minerals in the soil D) the dry season stimulates the germination of seeds E) the growth of plants largely depends on the condition of the soil



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



13



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 62. It is clear from the passage that mountains ----.



61. – 64. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) with steep slopes are most suitable for the formation of rain shadows



Moisture is removed from humid air by mountains, which force the air to rise. As it gains altitude, the air cools, clouds form, and precipitation occurs, primarily on the windward slopes of the mountains. As the air mass moves down on the other side of the mountain, it is warmed, thereby lessening the chance of precipitation of any remaining moisture. This situation exists on the west coast of North America, where precipitation falls on the western slopes of mountains that are close to the coast. The dry lands on the sides of the mountains away from the prevailing wind are called “rain shadows.” Generally, differences in elevation, in the steepness and direction of slopes, and in exposure to sunlight and prevailing winds may produce local variations in climate known as “microclimates,” which can be quite different from their overall surroundings. For an organism, the microclimate of its habitat is of primary importance, because that is the climate an organism actually experiences and knows how to cope with.



B) do not receive any amount of precipitation on their windward slopes C) form an obstacle for prevailing winds to cause local variations in climate D) always provide a large variety of habitat for all kinds of organisms E) play an important role in the change of moist air into precipitation



63. It is pointed out in the passage that all organisms ----. A) know exactly how mountain slopes provide the best conditions for survival B) usually have their habitat in places where there isn’t much exposure to sunlight C) are affected most adversely when the climate of their environment keeps on changing D) fully adapt to the conditions of the microclimate in which they live



61. As pointed out in the passage, microclimates ----. A) can best be observed along the west coast of America where precipitation is high B) occur as a result of differences in the geographical features and conditions of an area



E) are perfectly able to cope with the physical conditions of an arid geography



64. It is explained in the passage that the rain shadows of mountains are dry because ----.



C) show a great deal of variety in the North American dry lands known as “rain shadows” D) create a secure environment for organisms that prefer to live in areas with adequate precipitation E) are not affected by prevailing winds because of the steepness and direction of mountain slopes



A) the air mass that moves over them is warm and has almost no moisture for precipitation B) they differ enormously from each other in terms of elevation and steepness C) they are fully exposed to prevailing winds and, therefore, have no chance of precipitation D) their microclimatic conditions vary enormously and are therefore not suitable for rainfall E) they are far from any coast that would provide them with moisture and cool air



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



14



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 66. The passage gives a brief account of ----.



65. – 68. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) the precautions that need to be taken to prevent the extinction of certain species



Today scientists draw attention to some of the potential consequences of global warming on wildlife. They point out that each species reacts to changes in temperature differently. Some species will undoubtedly become extinct, particularly those with narrow temperature requirements, those confined to small reserves or parks, and those living in fragile ecosystems, whereas other species may survive in greatly reduced numbers and ranges. Ecosystems considered most vulnerable to species loss in the short term are polar seas, coral reefs, mountains, coastal wetlands, tundra, taiga, and temperate forests. On the other hand, some species may be able to migrate to new environments or adapt themselves to the changing conditions in their present habitats. Also, some species may be unaffected by global warming, whereas others may emerge from it as winners, with greatly expanded numbers and ranges. Those considered most likely to prosper include weeds, pests, and disease-carrying organisms that are already common in many different environments.



B) the possible adverse effects that global warming will, in the future, have on different species C) how different ecosystems react to the increase of the numbers of species D) why certain species can always survive in many different environments E) the vital importance that wildlife has particularly for fragile ecosystems



67. According to the passage, some species ----. A) are very sensitive to the environments with narrow temperature requirements and, therefore, would have their habitats elsewhere B) are so adaptable to different environments that they keep on migrating from one environment to another C) prefer to have their habitats not only in places such as mountains and wetlands, but also in tundra, taiga, and temperate forests D) will be positively affected by global warming and, consequently, will increase in number and range



65. It is clear from the passage that global warming ----. A) has caused much decline in the number of many rare species



E) such as weeds and pests would survive only in one kind of ecosystem even though they react to changes in temperature



B) is particularly harmful to coastal wetlands and coral reefs C) has increased dangerously and extensively throughout the world



68. It is stressed in the passage that, due to global warming, ----.



D) has already forced many species to migrate to new environments



A) scientists have focused their efforts on the conservation of rare species



E) does not have the same impact on all species



B) many organisms have already changed their habitats C) species living in temperate forests will have to migrate to a new environment D) there has been a sharp increase in the variety and number of pests E) for some species, extinction is inevitable



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



15



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 70. In the passage, attention is drawn to the fact that Malaysia’s logging practices ----.



69. – 72. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Commercial logging, mostly for export abroad, accounts for 21% of tropical deforestation. Most tropical countries allow commercial logging to proceed at a much faster rate than is sustainable. For example, in parts of Malaysia, current logging practices remove the forest almost twice as fast as the sustainable rate. If this continues, Malaysia will soon experience shortages of timber and will have to start importing logs. When that happens, Malaysia will have lost future revenues, both from logging and from harvesting other forest products, from its newly vanished forests. Moreover, in addition to commercial logging, cattle ranching also causes deforestation. In fact, approximately 12% of tropical rainforest destruction is done to provide open rangeland for cattle. After the forests are cleared, cattle can be raised on the land for six to ten years, after which time shrubby plants take over the range. Much of the beef raised on these ranches, which are often owned by foreign companies, is exported to fast-food restaurants.



A) have given the country a leading position in forest products B) enable the country to earn enormous revenues C) are carried out at a remarkably sustainable rate D) provide a much higher income than cattle ranching E) will be very damaging to its economy in the long run



71. It is pointed out in the passage that a cattle rangeland carved out of a tropical forest ----. A) is certainly more suitable for ranching than other kinds of ranges B) is actually far more profitable and environmentally harmless than commercial logging C) is more feasible in tropical countries than anywhere else in the world D) can be viable up to ten years and, then, is overgrown with shrubby plants



69. It is made clear in the passage that tropical deforestation ----.



E) brings in more income than other kinds of rangeland outside tropical forests



A) is mainly caused by commercial logging and cattle ranching B) should be carried out at a sustainable rate in countries like Malaysia C) has not yet become an environmental concern in developed countries D) is unavoidable since many countries including Malaysia encourage it



72. A point made in the passage is that tropical cattle ranches ----. A) in Malaysia are mostly owned by international companies B) provide most of the beef needed by fast-food restaurants



E) is now so well controlled that it has ceased to be a problem



C) are growing much faster than the sustainable rate for forests D) are a major source of income for many countries in the West E) produce so much beef that much of it is exported to other countries



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



16



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 74. It is clear from the passage that the presence of a nucleus in an atom ----.



73. – 76. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. In the early part of the twentieth century, the experiments carried out by Ernest Rutherford and his colleagues led to the idea that at the centre of an atom there is a tiny but massive nucleus. At the same time that the quantum theory was being developed and that scientists were attempting to understand the structure of the atom and its electrons, investigations into the nucleus itself had also begun. An important question to physicists was whether the nucleus had a structure, and what that structure might be. In fact, it has so far turned out that the nucleus is a complicated entity, and even today, it is not fully understood. However, by the early 1930s, a model of the nucleus had been developed that is still useful. According to this model, a nucleus is considered as an aggregate of two types of particles: protons and neutrons. A proton is the nucleus of the simplest atom which is hydrogen. The neutron, whose existence was ascertained only in 1932 by the English physicist James Chadwick, is electrically neutral as its name implies. These two constituents of a nucleus, neutrons and protons, are referred to collectively as “nucleons.”



A) had always been a controversial issue among physicists until the early 1930s B) was understood as a result of the experiments undertaken by Rutherford and his colleagues C) had been known for a long time before Rutherford and his colleagues clearly defined its structure D) was revealed only after Chadwick discovered and defined the neutron E) is still a major question for physicists since the nature of the nucleons needs to be fully described



75. According to the passage, in the early twentieth century, physicists ----. A) were so divided among themselves that they were unable to undertake any research in order to reveal the structure of the nucleus B) were greatly inspired by the research activities which the English physicist James Chadwick was involved in C) were so encouraged by the discovery of the nucleons that they were able finally to understand the true nature of the atom D) were engaged in the development of the quantum theory while they were also focusing on the study of the nucleus



73. One understands from the passage that one of the serious questions with which physicists in the early twentieth century was concerned was ----. A) to what extent the quantum theory might transform classical physics B) whether the neutron provided energy for the nucleus



E) were all seriously interested in the quantum theory as a new scientific development and solely focused on it



76. It is clear from the passage that Chadwick’s work as regards the neutron ----.



C) what structure the nucleus might have



A) was duly taken into account by all the physicists in their research on electrons



D) whether the nucleus of hydrogen contained the nucleons



B) had a great deal of influence on Rutherford and his colleagues



E) why Rutherford and his colleagues were indifferent to the quantum theory



C) was undoubtedly a significant contribution to the study of the nucleus D) was originally inspired by the quantum theory which he knew so well E) brought him much fame not only in England but elsewhere also



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



17



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 79. The passage draws attention to the fact that, despite centuries of telescopic observations, ----.



77. – 80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Earth and Venus, being roughly the same size and distance from the sun, are often regarded as twin planets. So it is natural to wonder how the crust of Venus compares with that of our own world. Although centuries of telescopic observations from Earth could give no insight, beginning in 1990 the Magellan space probe’s orbiting radar penetrated the thick clouds that enshroud Venus and revealed its surface with stunning clarity. From the detailed images of landforms, planetary scientists can surmise the type of rock that covers Venus. It seems that our sister planet is completely covered by rocks of basaltic composition, which are very much like the dark, finegrained rocks that line the ocean basins of Earth. Magellan’s mapping, however, failed to find extensive areas comparable to Earth’s continental crust.



77. It is stressed in the passage that, in view of its largeness as well as remoteness from the sun, Venus ----.



A) planetary scientists have failed to understand the geological composition of Venus’ rocks B) there has been no information available about the surface of Venus C) extensive areas of Venus have yet to be observed D) the clouds that surround Venus have only once been penetrated E) planetary scientists were not aware of the fact that Venus and Earth were twin planets



80. The passage is mainly concerned with ----. A) the Magellan space probe’s findings about Venus



A) is far different from Earth B) is very much like our own planet



B) the major question of why the surface of Venus is covered by rocks



C) is incomparable with any other planet



C) Venus’ cloud formations, which is an issue still debated by scientists



D) still seems to be incomprehensible E) has always been a favourite for telescopic observations



D) planetary scientists’ ongoing research into Earth’s continental crust E) a scientific analysis of the pictures sent by the Magellan space probe



78. According to the passage, Magellan’s exploration of Venus ----. A) was largely prevented by the planet’s thick clouds and turned into a total failure B) benefited a great deal from the data obtained through centuries of telescopic observations C) has revealed a kind of rock composition which resembles the rocks in Earth’s ocean basins D) have enabled planetary scientists to explain why the planet is enshrouded in thick clouds



TEST BİTTİ.



E) not only showed clearly the size of the planet but also how its thick clouds were formed



CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



18



ÜNİVERSİTELERARASI KURUL YABANCI DİL SINAVI (ÜDS) 26 ARALIK 2010



İNGİLİZCE FEN BİLİMLERİ TESTİ CEVAP ANAHTARI A KİTAPÇIĞI 1. C



21. A



41. E



61. B



2. E



22. B



42. C



62. E



3. D



23. E



43. D



63. D



4. E



24. B



44. E



64. A



5. A



25. D



45. A



65. E



6. D



26. C



46. B



66. B



7. B



27. A



47. E



67. D



8. E



28. E



48. C



68. E



9. C



29. C



49. A



69. A



10. D



30. B



50. B



70. E



11. E



31. A



51. E



71. D



12. D



32. E



52. B



72. B



13. B



33. A



53. E



73. C



14. A



34. C



54. D



74. B



15. E



35. B



55. B



75. D



16. D



36. A



56. C



76. C



17. A



37. B



57. B



77. B



18. C



38. C



58. E



78. C



19. E



39. A



59. D



79. B



20. D



40. B



60. A



80. A



İNGİLİZCE SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ TESTİ 2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 5. Sterilization in hospitals is done in an autoclave that subjects the items to moist heat under pressure, with a drying time of 15 to 30 minutes to prevent condensation from ---- on the surgical instruments.



1. – 18. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. 1. A small percentage of people have new or recurring ---- of pain that feel like gallbladder attacks even though they have no gallbladder. A) episodes



B) removals



D) responses



A) building up



D) moving off



E) setting out



E) trials



B) detrimental D) susceptible



C) making out



C) deficits



2. Since most immunosuppressive drugs work by dampening the entire immune system, they leave the patient ---- to short-term problems like infections. A) reliable



B) keeping off



6. Roughly one in a thousand of the three billion DNA letters that ---- the human genome differs between any two given individuals.



C) indifferent



A) break into



E) deficient



B) give in



D) make up



C) keep up



E) put on



3. ---- any organ, including the kidneys, lungs, heart and brain, can be attacked by the immune system. A) Closely



B) Virtually D) Profoundly



C) Fortunately 7. Some new research findings ---- that growing old ---- from stress and oxidative damage to cells and DNA.



E) Extremely



A) suggest / may not result B) suggested / has not resulted C) will suggest / did not result D) had suggested / would not result



4. Patients diagnosed with identical cancers and given similar therapies of radiation and chemotherapy often ---- very differently. A) correspond



B) approach



D) respond



E) have suggested / had not resulted



C) identify



E) emerge



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



19



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 11. Over the last few years, physicians ---pharmacogenetic testing to identify thousands of childhood leukaemia sufferers whose genes ---them to a severe reaction to certain drugs.



8. According to a study led by a group of researchers in Britain, breast screening ---- the number of breast cancer deaths by 30 per cent since the national campaign ---- in 1989. A) reduced / has been introduced



A) have used / predispose



B) has reduced / was introduced



B) used / would have predisposed



C) reduces / is introduced



C) had used / will predispose



D) may reduce / should be introduced



D) were using / must predispose



E) was reducing / had been introduced



E) use / had predisposed



12. An understanding of the link ---- inflammation and cancer requires knowing how the body reacts ---invaders.



9. Scientists ---- various methods over the years to search for genes that ---- to the development of human intelligence.



A) with / through



B) between / to



D) by / from



A) have used / may have contributed



C) to / for



E) in / over



B) use / will contribute C) used / have contributed D) had used / contribute 13. ---- stress or heavy exercise, the normal heart can increase its cardiac output up to fivefold, and 20 or 30 litres of blood can be pumped ---- minute.



E) are using / should contribute



A) On / in



B) In / within D) During / per



C) By / at



E) From / to



10. New experiments on animals ---- hope that a cure based on transplanting stem cells ---- a reality in the future for patients with Parkinson’s disease. 14. In immunodeficiency disorders, the immune system doesn’t function adequately, ---infections are more common, recur more frequently and last longer than usual.



A) could have given / had become B) gave / becomes C) will give / has become



A) so



D) give / could become



B) but D) although



E) had given / became



C) even if E) as if



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



20



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 15. People cannot minimize the consequences of heart failure, ---- they introduce changes in their lives and strictly obey the instructions given by the doctor. A) but



B) if D) unless



19. – 23. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



C) whereas



Investigating the relation between cell phones and cancer remains terribly difficult and (19)----. Brain cancer studies are particularly hard to conduct (20)---- the tumours are rare and can take decades to develop. Most studies have addressed either malignant tumours such as glioma, or benign tumours such as meningioma or acoustic neuroma. The majority of the studies have found no link between cell phones and these types of cancer, but (21)---- have. Researchers of a university hospital in Sweden found increased risk (22)---- glioma and acoustic neuroma after ten or more years of regular cell phone use. They (23)---- that current radiation limits for cellphones are unsafe.



E) whether



16. ---- sterilization creates a pathogen-free environment, 5 to 10 per cent of patients still contract an infection during their stay at hospital. A) Once



B) Since D) When



C) As long as



19.



E) Although



A) inconclusive



B) explicit



C) obvious



D) influential E) available



20.



17. The heart is a hollow organ ---- interior contains two muscular and membranous tissue walls, one vertical and one horizontal. A) whenever



B) which



D) whose



A) that



B) unless



C) although



D) because E) while



21. A) none



C) where



B) a few D) much



E) that



C) most E) more



22. A) against



B) from



C) for



D) to E) about



23. A) concluded



18. ---- popular belief, laboratory experiments show that men have a higher pain tolerance than women. A) Compared to



B) Contrary to



D) Rather than



B) would have concluded



C) As regards



C) would conclude D) should have concluded



E) In case of



E) had concluded



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



21



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 26. If a doctor anticipates that the foetus’s lungs are immature, and delivery cannot be delayed, ----.



24. – 35. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.



A) a corticosteroid drug may be given to the mother at least 24 hours before the delivery



24. Because breast cancer rarely produces symptoms in its early stages, ----. A) the different types of breast cancer differ greatly in their response to treatment



B) respiratory distress syndrome is a breathing disorder in which the air sacs in an infant’s lungs do not stay open



B) most surgeons take into account a number of issues



C) infants born to diabetic mothers are more likely to have immature lungs



C) it may be treated with a variety of surgical options



D) soon after delivery, the infant begins to breathe rapidly



D) treatment depends on the characteristics of the cancer



E) infants with respiratory distress syndrome are at the risk of bleeding in the brain



E) routine screening is especially important



27. Before transplants are performed, ----.



25. Although combined drug effects are sometimes beneficial, ----. A) sometimes two similar but not identical drugs are taken concurrently B) certain anaesthetics cause a very high fever in about 1 in 20,000 patients



A) these immunosuppressive drugs also make the transplant patient more vulnerable to pneumonia B) most organs to be transplanted, therefore, are removed from patients who have just died



C) many drugs are inactivated by metabolic systems in the liver



C) corneal transplants are highly successful because the cornea has almost no blood and lymphatic vessels



D) drug interactions are most often unwanted and harmful



D) graft rejection is an immune response against transplanted tissue



E) doctors, for example, may prescribe two antihypertensive drugs for a person



E) tissues from the patient and the potential donors must be typed and matched as closely as possible



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



22



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 28. While immunologists are working to develop a successful vaccine and effective drugs to treat HIV-infected patients, ----.



30. In recent years, some neuroimaging experiments have shown that the brain maintains a high level of activity ----.



A) developing a vaccine against HIV has been a most daunting challenge for them



A) since other routine tasks require minimal additional energy



B) a vaccine would not be effective against new antigens and so would quickly become obsolete



B) even when it is nominally at rest



C) massive educational programmes are also being developed to impede the proliferation of AIDS D) HIV often infects the central nervous system; for this reason, an effective drug must cross the blood-brain barrier



C) although some understanding was needed of the physiology of the brain’s intrinsic activity D) if the idea that brain could be constantly busy is not new E) even if performing a particular task increases the brain’s energy consumption



E) other barriers to the development of a vaccine include the difficulties in finding human volunteers in whom to test the vaccine



29. When colorectal cancer has spread and isn’t likely to be cured by surgery alone, ----.



31. Some recent findings indicate that hydrogen sulphide could help treat heart attack patients and keep trauma victims alive ----.



A) chemotherapy after surgery may prolong the person’s life, but cure is still rare



A) since scientists have known about hydrogensulphide’s toxic effects on humans for centuries



B) surgery to relieve the intestinal obstruction may ease the symptoms



B) whereas the body manufactures tiny quantities of hydrogen sulphide



C) this treatment, though expensive, may provide more benefit than ordinary chemotherapy



C) because researchers are developing hydrogensulphide-based therapies for various conditions



D) this procedure may relieve symptoms and prolong life



D) until they can undergo surgery or receive a blood transfusion



E) about 70 per cent of patients with colorectal cancer are good candidates for surgery



E) so that it is not the only noxious gas that has been found at work in the human body



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



23



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 34. Researchers working on a new drug claim that it could be a first step to treating autism ----.



32. Innovation in arm and hand prostheses has been slow ----. A) because the market for the devices is small and development costs are high



A) so that some of these drugs available on the market for this syndrome treat certain symptoms



B) as long as many soldiers are coming home from war with grievous injuries



B) since experiments on mice proved to be promising



C) as a group of engineers and designers is collaborating to make better prosthetic hands and arms



C) while patients can’t perform most everyday tasks D) whether they plan to test it on patients of different age groups



D) if advanced artificial arms and hands display almost human-like motion



E) that a mutation on the X chromosome is the most common cause of this disorder



E) when the high-tech devices remain too heavy, costly and fragile



35. The human ear is equipped to register sound frequencies between about 20 and 20,000 cycles per second ----.



33. In recent years, scientists have published a number of studies, ----. A) unless their work is providing a new understanding of what intelligence is



A) even if the inner ear consists of a complicated group of interconnected canals and sacs



B) even if researchers have new technologies to probe genes and the brain



B) unless dogs and some other animals can hear sounds of various frequencies



C) whereby they claim to have found distinctive patterns of brain functioning



C) while the ear is ten times more sensitive than the eye



D) while the role of genes in intelligence is still worth pursuing



D) since one of the functions of the human ear is to help maintain equilibrium



E) even though they had found clues about the roles of genes



E) although individuals vary greatly as regards their age and health



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



24



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 38. The health care sector will have to alter its plans fundamentally, which are currently failing to produce inexpensive and highly efficient drugs.



36. – 38. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz.



A) Sağlık sektörünün planları, şu anda çok etkili ve ucuz ilaç üretmekte başarılı olmadığından dolayı, tamamen değişmek zorunda kalacaktır.



36. One of the greatest challenges in developing and using cancer drugs is delivering the drugs to the diseased tissues without poisoning the patient’s entire body. A) Kanser ilaçlarının kullanılmasında ve geliştirilmesinde karşılaşılan en büyük sorunlardan biri, bu ilaçların, hastanın vücuduna zarar vermeden, hastalıklı dokuları etkilemesini sağlamaktır. B) Kanser ilaçlarının kullanılmasında ve geliştirilmesinde en büyük sorunlardan biri, bu ilaçları, hastanın tüm vücudunu zehirlemeden, hastalıklı dokulara vermektir. C) Bir hastanın tüm vücuduna zarar vermeksizin, sadece hastalıklı dokulara ilaç verebilmek, kanser ilaçlarının kullanımında ve geliştirilmesindeki en büyük sorunlardan biridir.



B) Sağlık sektörünün hem ucuz hem de etkili ilaçlar üretmekte başarılı olamayan planlarını, tamamiyle değiştirmesi gerekmektedir. C) Günümüzde ucuz ve etkili ilaç üretmekte başarılı olamayan sağlık sektörü, planlarını baştan aşağı değiştirmek zorunda kalacaktır. D) Sağlık sektörü, günümüzde ucuz ve çok etkili ilaçları üretmede başarısız kalan planlarını temelden değiştirmek zorunda kalacaktır. E) Sağlık sektörü etkili ve ucuz ilaç üretiminde başarılı olamadığı için bütün planlarını kökten değiştirmek zorundadır.



D) Kanser ilaçlarının kullanımında ve geliştirilmesinde, hem hastaların vücutlarına zarar vermemek, hem de ilaçları hastalıklı dokulara verebilmek karşılaşılan en büyük sorunlardan biridir. E) Kanser ilaçlarının kullanılmasında ve geliştirilmesindeki en büyük sorunlardan biri, hastalık taşıyan dokularına ilaç verirken, hastanın tüm vücudunun zehirlenmesidir.



37. A blood test today could take a few days because of the many steps needed to separate blood components. A) Kanı bileşenlerine ayırmak için birçok aşamaya gereksinim duyulduğu takdirde, günümüzde bir kan testinin sonuçlandırılması, birkaç gün almaktadır. B) Günümüzde kan testleri birkaç gün sürebilir çünkü kanı, bileşenlerine ayırmanın gerektirdiği birçok aşama vardır. C) Kanı bileşenlerine ayırmanın birçok aşama gerektirmesi, günümüzde bir kan testinin yapılmasının birkaç gün sürmesine neden olmaktadir. D) Kanı bileşenlerine ayırmanın birçok aşaması vardır; bu yüzden, kan testlerinin yapılması, birkaç gün alabilmektedir. E) Bir kan testi, günümüzde, kan bileşenlerini ayırmak için gereksinim duyulan birçok adımdan dolayı, birkaç gün alabilir.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



25



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 41. 1990’larda, bir tümöre yüksek seviyelerde doğrudan uygulanınca kanser hücrelerini öldüren, bir sitokin türü üzerinde bazı araştırmalar yapılmıştır.



39. – 41. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz.



A) Some research carried out in the 1990s indicated that a type of cytokine can kill cancer cells when administered at high levels directly into a tumour.



39. Kalp hastalıklarına ve çeşitli hastalıklara yol açan kronik yangıyı anlamak, kanserin bilinmeyen nedenlerini tanımlamak için önemli olabilir. A) Since chronic inflammation contributes to heart disease and a variety of other diseases, it may be helpful in understanding and identifying the hidden causes of cancer.



B) A type of cytokine kills cancer cells, when administered at high levels directly into a tumour as indicated by some research in the 1990s. C) In the 1990s, some research was done on a type of cytokine, which kills cancer cells, when administered directly into a tumour at high levels.



B) Understanding chronic inflammation, which contributes to heart disease and a variety of other diseases, may be important in identifying the unknown causes of cancer. C) Identifying the undetected causes of cancer depends on understanding chronic inflammation, which also triggers heart disease and a variety of other diseases. D) Understanding chronic inflammation, as it also indicates heart disease and a variety of other diseases, may be helpful in detecting certain causes of cancer.



D) According to a research completed in the 1990s, a type of cytokine has the capacity to kill cancer cells, when administered at high levels directly into some tumours. E) Some researchers argued in the 1990s that if type of cytokine is administered at high levels directly into tumours, it can kill cancer cells.



E) Understanding chronic inflammation, which leads not only to heart disease but also to a variety of other diseases, is essential in order to identify many unknown causes of cancer.



40. Sir William Osler, The Principles and Practice of Medicine adlı kitabında, hastalıkların tedavisinde, hasta farklılıklarının neden olduğu sorunlar üzerine görüşlerini açıklamaktadır. A) According to Sir William Osler’s views in his book The Principles and Practice of Medicine, the variability of patients pose some problems in the treatment of disease. B) Sir William Osler’s book The Principles and Practice of Medicine, is about the problems stemming from the variability of patients in the treatment of disease. C) Sir William Osler’s book The Principles and Practice of Medicine is an account of the problems related to the variability of patients in the treatment of disease. D) In his book The Principles and Practice of Medicine, Sir William Osler claims that the variability of patients often causes some problems in the treatment of disease. E) In his book The Principles and Practice of Medicine, Sir William Osler points out his views on the problems, posed by the variability of patients, in the treatment of disease.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



26



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 42. – 46. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz. 42. The eye’s cornea and retina are critical for vision. If the stem cells around the cornea are destroyed, sight is lost. ---- To replace lost photoreceptors, researchers have tried to implant neural stem cells or retinal stem cells in the retinas of research animals but without much success. A) An ophthalmic artery and a retinal artery provide blood to each eye, and an ophthalmic vein and a retinal vein drain blood from it. B) Diseases in the eye’s cornea and retina have been a major concern for centuries in the medical world.



44. Researchers divide the symptoms of schizophrenia into two categories. The first comprises hallucinations, paranoia and delusions usually associated with the disease. ---- The other group of symptoms, categorized as “negative”, includes loss of motivation, degraded social skills and an inability to feel pleasure. A) Dopamine-receptor drugs, generally used in the treatment of schizophrenia, usually have a number of side effects. B) These are called “positive symptoms” because the patient is adding something to reality. C) New treatments may be on the horizon, thanks to deeper insights into the nature of the disease. D) In the1950s, scientists noted that some drugs had antipsychotic effects when given to schizophrenic patients.



C) The eye constantly produces continuous images that are instantly transmitted to the brain.



E) For years, scientists have struggled to untangle the complexities of certain diseases.



D) Yet, even greater problems can occur when retina’s light-sensitive cells, the photoreceptors, are destroyed by genetic diseases. E) Recent research with mice has shown photoreceptors can be made more efficient.



43. Are identical (monozygotic) twins genetically identical? Mostly, they are. This is because the twins are conceived when the fertilized egg divides into two separate embryos. Therefore, they, start with identical DNA, but over time small differences can develop. ---- This leads to differences that have been linked to autism, lupus and learning disabilities. A) Many pregnancies that begin as twin pregnancies sometimes end as single births.



45. Anaemia is not a disease but a symptom of any of a number of different disorders. It can be caused by poor diet, blood loss, exposure to industrial poisons, diseases of the bone marrow and any other disorder that upsets the balance between blood production and blood loss. Mild degrees of anaemia often cause nothing more than a lack of energy. ---- This may be accompanied by the pounding of the heart and a rapid pulse and heart action. A) Treatment depends on how rapidly blood is lost and how severe the anaemia is.



B) The vast majority of twin pregnancies proceed smoothly and result in healthy babies.



B) This type of anaemia disappears when the cause has been found and corrected.



C) Dizygotic twins don’t share an identical set of genes; actually, they are just born at the same time.



C) A good basic diet is the best way to combat dietdeficiency anaemia.



D) In fact, in many countries, roughly one-third of all twins are identical.



D) However, in more severe cases of anaemia, exertion causes shortness of breath.



E) For instance, in 2007, researchers at an American medical centre discovered that DNA itself can vary in some monozygotic twins.



E) Many nutrients are needed for red cell production.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



27



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 46. When you listen to the heartbeat with a stethoscope, you can hear two main heart sounds, “lup-dup”, which repeat rhythmically. The first heart sound, “lup”, is low-pitched, not very loud, and fairly long-lasting. It is caused mainly by the closing of the AV valves and marks the beginning of ventricular systole. ---- This “dup” sound marks the closing of the semilunar valves and the beginning of ventricular diastole.



47. – 51. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz. 47. Mark: - Have you seen the news in the newspaper about a ban on doctors wearing watches in hospitals?



A) The portion of the cycle in which contradiction occurs is known as systole.



Paul: - A ban on wearing watches? What ban?



B) A heart murmur may be caused by any condition that prevents valves from closing tightly.



Mark: - ----



C) The quality of these sounds tells a physician much about the state of the valves.



Paul: - Now I understand the reason why such a decision has been taken.



D) One complete heartbeat takes about 0.8 second and is referred to as a cardiac cycle.



A) I know you are particularly interested in expensive watches.



E) This sound is quickly followed by higher-pitched, louder, sharper, and shorter “dup” sound.



B) Most doctors rightly point out that the Department of Health’s policies are always complicated. C) Some new studies show that, in estimating patients’ heart and respiratory rates, doctors usually make mistakes. D) Don’t you know? Last year, the Department of Health advised doctors against wearing their watches while they were in hospital since the watches could harbour bacteria. E) In my opinion, wearing watches in hospitals would do no harm to patients.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



28



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 48. Sarah: - In recent years, we all have heard the phrase “jetlag” from people who had a flight because it is almost a routine for the air travels.



49. Andrew: - Last night, I watched a programme on TV about rare brain syndromes. Especially, Munchausen syndrome is truly bizarre.



Anna: - Yes, you’re right. I’ve heard it for many times, but I still don’t know what it is.



Colin: - This is the first time I’ve heard that syndrome mentioned. I wonder what it is.



Sarah: - ----



Andrew: - ----



Anna: - You seem to know it in detail. You must have read a lot about this problem.



Colin: - That sounds odd. I’m glad to hear that the syndrome is a rare case.



A) Studies show that this problem is seen especially when the flight is from West to East.



A) It is somewhat psychological. People with this syndrome fake illness to get attention from the medical staff.



B) Well, actually, it can be defined as the lack of adaptation of the human body to the fast change of time when flying across a number of time zones.



B) Some patients even inject themselves with harmful substances. Can you believe? C) You should have watched it. There were unbelievable cases in the programme.



C) I have no idea about how we can protect ourselves from it.



D) Well, the human brain is breathtakingly complex. When it breaks down, the results can be catastrophic.



D) As far as I am concerned, it isn’t because of a long flight time but because of the time zone difference.



E) In some of these syndromes, patients have no previous history of psychiatric problems.



E) It is seen less in children and young people, because their body is more prone to change.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



29



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 50. Mary: - What is wrong with you? You look very upset.



51. Sandra: - Every year millions of people take the drugs prescribed by doctors, but in most cases they do not work effectively. Until recently, doctors have had no idea about the reasons for it.



Beth: - I have some health problems related to my weight.



Greg: - You mean, now they know?



Mary: - ---Beth: - If it is that much simple, I will follow your advice strictly. A) Doctors know that most weight management programmes are based on behaviour modification.



Sandra: - ---Greg: - Yes, I think what you say sounds reasonable. A) Fortunately, yes. Now it is clear that the problem largely lies in our genetic make-up, that is, what works for one person doesn’t work for another.



B) Actually, the extent of obesity is determined by measuring height and weight.



B) More than 90 per cent of drugs work in about 30 per cent of the population in the world.



C) You must lose weight first to get over them.



C) Surprisingly, adverse drug effects are the fifth leading cause of death in some developed countries.



D) I am afraid accumulation of fat in the chest wall puts a pressure on the lungs. E) You know obese people have an increased risk of becoming ill.



D) We should always remember that disease remains complex and drug development remains difficult. E) The next time you take a drug, it may not have the effect you expect.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



30



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 55. (I) Diabetes is the leading cause of blindness in people aged 30 to 65 years old. (II) Blindness occurs 20 times more frequently in diabetic patients than others and is most often seen after the disease has been manifest for at least 15 years. (III) Similarly, type II diabetes may occur in children or adolescents but usually begins after age 30. (IV) Approximately 10 to 15% of type I diabetic patients become legally blind (visual acuity of 20/200 or worse in the better eye). (V) The primary cause of visual loss is retinopathy.



52. – 56. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. 52. (I) Normal body temperature varies from individual to individual, but is typically just over 37°C. (II) If this temperature drops by a small amount, then hypothermia sets in. (III) At 35°C you will be unable to write your own name and even walking is very difficult. (IV) The theoretical absolute lower limit is zero degrees centigrade. (V) At 32°C, most people will collapse, slipping unconscious when their core temperature drops to around 30°C. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



E) V



53. (I) Mouth ulcers are painful sores on the inside of the mouth or tongue. (II) The pain comes about because the mucus membrane that forms the delicate lining inside the mouth has been ripped open, exposing nerves. (III) The most common type is caused by accidental injury. (IV) Other types can be caused by stress or fungal and viral infection. (V) White areas can appear anywhere in the mouth and often are simply food debris that can be wiped away. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



56. (I) Experiments with mice on “mind reading” raises an intriguing possibility: if enough neurons in a human brain could be recorded simultaneously, such recordings could well be able to reveal human thoughts. (II) Existing tools, such as EEG monitors and functional magnetic resonance imaging devices are not sensitive enough for such recordings. (III) If a sensitive method existed, it could potentially be used to determine whether someone with Alzheimer’s disease who can no longer talk is able to understand conversation. (IV) For decades, neuroscientists have attempted to learn how the brain makes memories. (V) Such “mind reading” might also be helpful for diagnosing mental disorders or assessing how well some medications are working.



54. (I) Systemic anaphylaxis is a dangerous allergic reaction that can occur when a person develops an allergy to a specific drug such as penicillin. (II) In serious allergic disorders, patients are sometimes given a form of immunotherapy known as desensitization. (III) A widespread allergic reaction takes place within minutes after the drug enters the body. (IV) Mast cells release large amounts of histamine and other compounds into the circulation, and these compounds cause extreme vasodilatation and permeability. (V) So much plasma may be lost from the blood that circulatory shock and death can occur within a few minutes. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



E) V



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



31



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 58. It is clear from the passage that Alzheimer’s disease ----.



57. – 60. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases are the most common diseases which affect many people in the world. Approximately, 1 million people in the world suffer from Parkinson’s disease, a motor disorder characterized by difficulty in initiating movements and slowness of movement. Patients often have a masked facial expression, poor balance, and a flexed posture. Like Alzheimer’s disease, which is characterized by confusion, memory loss, and a variety of other symptoms, Parkinson’s disease is progressive, and the risk increases with age. The incidence of the Parkinson’s disease is about 1% at the age of 65, and about 5% at the age 85. Parkinson’s disease appears to result from a combination of environmental and genetic factors. Evidence for a genetic role includes the fact that some families with an increased incidence of Parkinson’s disease carry a mutated form of the gene for a protein which is important in normal brain function. The symptoms of Parkinson’s disease result from the death of neurons in the mid-brain. As a result, at present, there is no cure for Parkinson’s disease, although various treatments can help control the symptoms.



A) affects more people in the world than Parkinson’s disease B) is a major genetic disorder that can today be controlled C) can be recognized through the patient’s loss of memory as well as a number of other symptoms D) is common mostly among elderly people over the age of 80 E) has attracted more medical attention in the world than Parkinson’s disease



59. It is pointed out in the passage that the loss of neurons in the mid-brain ----. A) is an incidence that can be observed easily B) initiates Alzheimer’s disease C) results from general protein deficiency D) happens when the body’s movements begin to slow down E) leads to Parkinson’s disease



57. According to the passage, Parkinson’s disease ----. A) has its adverse effects on the body’s movements



60. As clearly pointed out in the passage, there is ----. A) a great deal of protein deficiency in many families prone to Alzheimer’s disease



B) can easily be treated at an advanced age C) can best be understood through a close study of the memory



B) much evidence to claim that Parkinson’s disease can be cured in the near future



D) can be cured provided that its symptoms are taken into account at an early stage



C) a variety of treatments whereby the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease can be controlled



E) is a consequence of purely environmental factors



D) a need to develop a new technique whereby the movements of the body can be improved E) much controversy among physicians in the world on the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



32



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 62. One understands from the passage that clinical trials for gene therapies ----.



61. – 64. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) have given little hope Gene replacement therapy is being developed for several genetic diseases. Because many difficulties are inherent in treating most serious genetic diseases, scientists have dreamed of developing actual cures. Today, genetic engineering is bringing these dreams closer to reality. Such therapy could take two main forms. One approach would be to introduce copies of a normal gene into a fertilized egg, using modifications of the technology already used to produce transgenic animals. In some transgenic animals the introduced gene can remain stable from generation to generation, constituting a true “genetic cure.” However, this approach raises such complex ethical problems that it is not being actively pursued at this time. A second strategy – to introduce the normal gene into only some body cells (somatic cell gene therapy) – is receiving increased attention today. The rationale is that, although a particular gene may be present in all cells, it is expressed only in some. Expression of the normal allele in only the cells that require it may be sufficient to give a normal phenotype. Although this approach presents a number of technical obstacles, which must be overcome, gene therapies for a number of genetic diseases are undergoing development or are being tested on patients in clinical trials.



B) are still underway C) have been much costly D) cannot be carried on due to ethical problems E) have been going on for several decades



63. It is suggested in the passage that the first major form of genetic therapy raises problems because ----. A) using technology in this process impairs the organic nature of the gene B) it is difficult to apply the normal gene into a fertilized egg C) it is ethically controversial D) the clinical tests have produced some unexpected results E) its application to transgenic animals has been opposed by some researchers



64. According to the passage, gene replacement therapy ----.



61. According to the passage, somatic cell gene therapy ----.



A) is a cure under development, especially for hereditary genetic diseases



A) is regarded by physicians ethically applicable B) is cheaper and more practical



B) is a dream in the medical world, which can hardly be achieved



C) leads to a number of complications



C) is fully beneficial for a variety of diseases



D) has been practised over decades



D) has already been tried and very good results obtained



E) is related to body cells



E) has been used by the physicians successfully for a long time



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



33



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 66. According to the passage, the writer ----.



65. – 68. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. The pirate look is a time-honoured way to fix children’s “lazy eye”. The patch over the good eye forces the weak one to work, thereby preventing its deterioration. Playing video games helps, too. The neural cells corresponding to both eyes then learn to fire in synchrony so that the brain wires itself for the stereo vision required for depth perception. Left untreated past a critical age, lazy eye, or amblyopia, can result in permanently impaired vision. New studies are now showing that this condition, which affects up to 5 per cent of the population, could be repaired even past the critical age. What is more, amblyopia may provide insights into brain plasticity that could help treat a variety of other disorders related to faulty wiring, including schizophrenia, epilepsy, autism, anxiety, and addiction. These ailments are not neurodegenerative diseases that destroy part of the neural circuitry. So, if the defective circuits could be stimulated in the right way, the brain could develop normally.



A) does not believe that new studies on amblyopia make any contribution to the treatment of this disorder B) points out that through the new studies on amblyopia, other mental disorders could be understood C) strongly believes that schizophrenia, epilepsy, autism, anxiety, and addiction in children cannot be treated past the critical age D) suggests that pirate look speeds up the loss of vision in children E) argues that the neural circuitry is completely ruined by mental diseases



67. According to the passage, the lazy eye ----. A) is enabled by the pirate look to work harder B) is a disorder that results from neurodegenerative diseases C) is observed in a large amount of the world population



65. According to the passage, the pirate look ----.



D) becomes much worse when a child plays video games most of the time



A) has been a disorder common in the world B) is a video game for children



E) has been a major medical concern among physicians



C) is a neurodegenerative disease D) cannot be a cure as it cannot be detected at an early age E) is the treatment of amblyopia in children



68. It is indicated in the passage that the disorders arising from faulty wiring in the brain ----. A) have an adverse effect on depth perception B) are the consequences of the wrong treatment of the lazy eye C) are not related to a neurodegenerative cause D) undermine the efficient functioning of the neural cells concerning vision E) cannot be related to brain plasticity at all



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



34



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 70. According to the passage, the cause of the dependence on drugs ----.



69. – 72. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) is the fact that they can be easily purchased Many drugs, whether prescribed or abused, affect the nervous system. While about 25% of all prescribed drugs are taken to alter psychological conditions, almost all the commonly abused drugs affect mood. In particular, levels of serotonin and dopamine are thought to influence mood. For example, when excessive amounts of norepinephrine are released, people feel energetic and stimulated, whereas low concentrations of this neurotransmitter reduce anxiety. Habitual use of almost any mood-altering drug can result in psychological dependence, in which the user becomes emotionally dependent on the drug. When deprived of it, the user craves the feeling of euphoria (well-being) that the drug induces. Some drugs induce tolerance after several weeks. This means that response to the drug decreases, and greater amounts are required to obtain the desired effect. Tolerance often occurs because the liver cells are stimulated to produce more of the enzymes that metabolize and inactivate the drug. Use of some of the drugs, such as heroin, tobacco, and alcohol, may also result in addiction (physical dependence), in which physiological changes occur that make the user dependent on the drug. Addiction can also occur because certain drugs, such as morphine, have components similar to substances that body cells normally manufacture on their own. The continued use of such a drug causes potentially dangerous physiological effects.



B) is the excessive release of some hormones which modify the psychology of the user C) is generally related to the user’s background D) can be understood through a comprehensive study of various drug cases E) can be explained with reference to the stability of enzymes



71. It is suggested in the passage that drug deprivation ----. A) usually results in an increased level of metabolic activities B) makes the user more aggressive and intolerant towards others C) increases instantly the sense of tolerance in the user D) stimulates the production of enzymes that contribute to the user’s psychological well-being E) leads to psychologically and physically negative effects



69. It is indicated in the passage that a regular use of drugs ----. A) makes the user feel dizzy and exhausted 72. According to the passage, drug tolerance ----.



B) has no effect on the levels of the hormones



A) is a temporary case that can be treated effectively



C) may result in addiction which greatly affects the psychology of the user D) usually increases anxiety in the user



B) is on the whole limited to the use of heroin and alcohol



E) can be toxic and lead to a number of psychological disorders



C) means that the more a drug is used, the more the need for it increases D) brings about significant change in the structure of body cells E) generally has known adverse effects on the user’s mood



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



35



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 74. We can understand from the passage that the treatment of autism ----.



73. – 76. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Anyone who has spent even a little time with an autistic boy or girl soon becomes familiar with the behaviours that set these children apart. But how do parents and doctors know if a baby has autism? Early diagnosis has proved difficult, but if it were possible, it would lead to much more effective treatment for the younger a child is the more malleable is the brain. So, the inability to detect autism until a child is two or three years old is a terrific disadvantage, as it eliminates a valuable window of treatment opportunity, when the brain is undergoing tremendous development. Researchers, however, are closing in on techniques that could detect autism in babies as young as six months and perhaps even at birth. The results of these new tests are expanding the understanding of autism and raising hopes for much earlier, specialized care that could improve a toddler’s chances for a more normal life as a child, teenager and adult.



A) should not be attempted before the patient is three years old B) should, ideally, begin very early in life C) will go on for several years and must not be hurried D) is only successful when the patient cooperates E) has advanced rapidly in recent years



75. According to the passage, research is currently being carried out to ----. A) find ways of detecting autism in very young babies B) develop new ways of treating autism in young children C) establish why autism occurs D) help autistic children to help each other to combat the problems



73. We can infer from the passage that an autistic child ----.



E) establish the extent to which autism is a hereditary disorder



A) has obvious genetic markers B) hates being different from other children C) has very little chance of ever having an ordinary life D) usually has a disruptive effect on other children



76. It is clear from the passage that those born with autism ----.



E) has distinct behavioural traits very different from those of other children



A) invariably have an extremely malleable brain B) will always be severely handicapped by this condition C) are not aware of their problem and so are indifferent to it D) will probably be enabled, before too long, to live a reasonably normal life E) usually display incredible talents in very specific areas



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



36



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 78. We understand from the passage that elderly people ----.



77. – 80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. For humans to be able to hear a sound, it must be both loud enough and within the right frequency range – as measured by the number of vibrations per second, or hertz (Hz). The average person is most sensitive to sounds in the 1,000-5,000 Hz range, and most lose the ability to hear very high frequencies (above around 20,000 Hz) with age. Even so a sizeable proportion of the population do seem to remain sensitive to the very low frequency “infrasound”. High-frequency sounds have more than just audible effects as teenagers in Swindon discovered in 2006. Tired of having crowds of youngsters collecting around the town theatre, the owners installed the Mosquito, a device that emits sonic energy at very high frequencies. Only the teenagers could hear it and it forced them to meet elsewhere.



A) often lose the ability to hear very high-frequency sounds B) are unable to hear low-frequency sounds C) often prefer not to hear what is going on around them D) usually won’t admit that their hearing has become impaired E) can hear the sonic sounds at very high frequencies with the help of the Mosquito



79. It is clear from the passage that age ----. A) enables us to hear sounds of a lower frequency B) has a considerable effect on what we hear C) has little effect on our hearing D) makes us irritable on exposure to infrasound 77. According to the passage, the average human being ----.



E) does not necessarily cause deterioration of our sense of hearing



A) is only sensitive to sounds within a very narrow range of frequency B) is exposed to high frequencies and this may cause his hearing loss C) only hears sounds within a given frequency range



80. It is clear from the passage that the Mosquito ----. A) did not achieve the effect that the owners of the theatre had hoped for



D) can develop his own range of sound frequency E) can hear sounds that are loud enough no matter what their frequency is



B) creates a sound that many people find deeply disturbing C) produces a high-frequency sound that only teenagers can hear D) only had a disturbing effect upon the elderly E) was regarded as offensive by young and old alike



TEST BİTTİ. CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



37



ÜNİVERSİTELERARASI KURUL YABANCI DİL SINAVI (ÜDS) 26 ARALIK 2010



İNGİLİZCE SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ TESTİ CEVAP ANAHTARI A KİTAPÇIĞI 1. A



21. B



41. C



61. E



2. D



22. C



42. D



62. B



3. B



23. A



43. E



63. C



4. D



24. E



44. B



64. A



5. A



25. D



45. D



65. E



6. D



26. A



46. E



66. B



7. A



27. E



47. D



67. A



8. B



28. C



48. B



68. C



9. A



29. A



49. A



69. C



10. D



30. B



50. C



70. B



11. A



31. D



51. A



71. E



12. B



32. A



52. D



72. C



13. D



33. C



53. E



73. E



14. A



34. B



54. B



74. B



15. D



35. E



55. C



75. A



16. E



36. B



56. D



76. D



17. D



37. E



57. A



77. C



18. B



38. D



58. C



78. A



19. A



39. B



59. E



79. B



20. D



40. E



60. C



80. C



İNGİLİZCE SOSYAL BİLİMLER TESTİ 2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 4. When the euro was ---- on 1 January 1999, it was the first time since the Roman Empire that Europe had a single currency.



1. – 18. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



A) ensured 1. To the peoples of the ancient world, the characteristic ---- of civilization such as government, literature, science, and art were necessarily products of city life. A) remains



B) influences



C) declarations



D) commodities



B) discovered



D) accelerated



C) stamped



E) launched



E) manifestations



5. The world ---- more than 2 billion tons of garbage every year, and trash heaps are rapidly growing in crowded countries like China and India.



2. The transmission of black-and-white television images became technically ---- in the UK at the end of the 1920s. A) representative



B) corrupt



C) reluctant



D) feasible



A) breaks down



B) throws away



C) winds up



D) puts off E) drives into



E) instrumental



6. Writing “objectively” means that personal feelings are not ---- the writing.



3. The rise of lay education during the medieval intellectual revival was an ---- important development in the history of Western Europe. A) anxiously



B) enormously



C) independently



D) evenly



A) worked up



B) called off



C) put out



D) brought into E) taken over



E) abnormally



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



38



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 7. If you ---- long hours on the job, most probably your stress level ----, leaving you more vulnerable to cravings for unhealthy food. A) have worked / had risen



10. To help secure the Union’s frontiers against illegal immigrants, the European Union ---- ideas st for a 21 century integrated border management system that ---- heavily on advanced technology. A) considered / has been relying



B) are working / will rise



B) is considering / will rely



C) worked / is rising



C) had considered / relies



D) had worked / will have risen



D) would consider / had relied



E) work / rose



E) will be considering / relied



8. Since the early 1990s, people ---- to professionals called “life coaches” for help in managing major changes in their lives in the general belief that they ---- solutions.



11. Psychologists from many different countries ---their findings in an effort to understand the mystery of how the brain ----. A) combined / had functioned



A) had turned / might have provided



B) have combined / functions



B) turned / are providing



C) combine / functioned



C) have turned / could have provided



D) will combine / was functioning



D) are turning / had provided



E) had combined / has functioned



E) have been turning / provide



9. Contrary to the prevailing economic view, some experts ---- that more free trade ---- the global crisis.



12. On entering a traditional Japanese home, you should take ---- your slippers and leave them ---the door.



A) have said / would not have eased



A) away / before



B) out / at



B) said / is not going to ease



C) up / through



D) over / by



C) are saying / had not eased



E) off / in front of



D) say / will not ease E) were saying / has not eased



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



39



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 13. A Marine Protected Area is an area of the ocean that is protected ---- law in order to preserve areas ---- high biological importance. A) over / for



B) with / in



C) to / at



D) by / of



16. ---- an individual grows to maturity, he acquires a personal structure conditioned by the position he occupies in the social system. A) Unless



B) Although D) Whether



C) Before



E) As



E) within / off



14. An increasing number of young adults in India wish to have more choice in the selection of their future wives or husbands ---- they still let their parents arrange their marriages. A) because



B) although



D) until



17. Soon after the end of World War I, pioneers began to show that, ---- popular opinion, longdistance flights across oceans could be made in safety.



C) unless



E) as if



A) due to



B) owing to



C) in order to



D) contrary to E) as regards



15. ---- you were born poor and lack good looks, there is still plenty you can do to improve your chances of success. A) While



B) As if D) Even if



18. It is becoming increasingly evident that the disposition and the behaviour of the individual are shaped by the cultural groups ---- he belongs.



C) When E) As far as



A) as



B) to which



C) in case



D) of whom E) as if



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



40



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 19. – 23. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



24. – 35. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.



It is believed that the subject of economics first (19)---- in early Greek times. The reason (20)---- this belief is that the first writings on this subject were by Plato and Aristotle. However, there is no data showing the economic system during these times. The first known economic system emerged in the Middle Ages (21)---- feudalism was the dominant social system. There was an aristocratic class of (22)---- who were the holders of vast lands in which the peasants or serfs worked (23)---- the protection of their lords.



24. Even though there was economic dislocation as well as demographic collapse, ----. A) it may sound as if the situation was improving in developing countries B) many international companies have adopted austere policies C) the later Middle Ages was one of the most creative and inventive periods in the history of western Europe D) the growth of the global economy had made millions of workers redundant E) some economists assert that technology must be responsible for this problem



19. A) found



B) increased D) appeared



C) used 25. As soon as books became available and literacy increased in the 15th century, ----.



E) rejected



A) the economic situation continued to deteriorate at an alarming rate



20. A) of



B) for D) in



B) markets for overseas trade would collapse



C ) about



C) the invention of the printing press had already become useless



E) to



D) regional dialects were often diverse and unintelligible



21. A) as soon as



B) prior to



D) during



E) people came to see the world as operating according to its own laws



C) when



E) before



22. A) villagers



B) economists



C) labourers



D) nobles



26. Despite the advent of the labour-saving agricultural devices in the Middle Ages, ----. A) the obligations of the land workers to their lords were fixed by custom



E) immigrants



B) it was the lords who took the greatest benefits from it 23. A) in exchange for



B) in addition to



C) with regard to



D) in view of



C) the western European economy rested on agriculture D) the landlords took all the produce for their own use



E) in spite of



E) most of the work of raising crops continued to be done using hand tools



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



41



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 27. Though all observed differences in the behaviour of men and women were long assumed to be due to biological factors, ----.



30. Illegal aliens in America have been a problem ----. A) when the early regulations encouraged immigration



A) such effects are small and often different for male and female individuals



B) ever since the first immigration restriction was imposed



B) it seems increasingly likely that many typical masculine and feminine characteristics are in fact acquired



C) if necessary precautions are not taken D) because it was virtually impossible to maintain control over them all



C) social psychologists were not totally sure of how self-confidence could be developed



E) although the use of false IDs increases at an alarming rate



D) children are rewarded for engaging in genderappropriate behaviour E) recent studies provide much evidence concerning widely-held stereotypes



28. Whereas many nations take pains to exclude foreign words from their lexicons, ----. A) the French have always been keen on keeping their language pure B) not all the new items will be widely intelligible C) in most languages, new words are made out of old ones D) the cosmopolitan nature of American life had its effects on local dialects



31. Most people assume that beauty can be defined universally, -----.



E) the English seem to have welcomed them



A) when they remained objective and neutral B) no matter how much people care for the views of others C) but in fact it is purely subjective



29. Unless the name of a new product is constantly repeated in advertisements, ----.



D) since relationships largely depend on intimacy



A) people could hardly appreciate the value of nutritious elements



E) so that various women writers may have written about it



B) advertising employs a vast range of devices to get its messages across C) there will be opportunities to use highly figurative expressions D) there is a risk that customers will fail to recall it in the marketplace E) consumers have become acutely aware of the rise in prices



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



42



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 32. Jet-lag, which appears as an adaptation problem of the human body in long-distance flights, is seen less in children than in adults ----.



34. More than half of the world’s coffee is grown on small family farms in developing countries ----.



A) even though the problem is more apparent when the flight is from West to East B) because of the fact that their body is more prone to change



A) that large areas of forest have been cut down to make this possible B) where coffee exports make up a significant portion of the local economy C) since it is the middlemen who get a large percent of the profits



C) so that children’s perception of time and space can alter



D) while for most people the quality of coffee is important



D) when the conditions are suitable enough for them to travel by air



E) as long as weather conditions can be predicted



E) once they have grown accustomed to flying by day



35. Movements of the hands and head are often used in order to emphasize certain points that are being made, ----.



33. In the second millennium B.C., the ancient Near East was transformed by the arrival of new population groups ----. A) who built up land-based empires through systematic military conquest



A) because they have a tremendous impact on the way we live now



B) which had been wiped out by the invasions of the savage tribes



B) although people use their body effectively and efficiently



C) because the ages that followed intensified diplomacy and trade



C) since the speaker wants to convey particular nuances of meaning



D) as urban civilization took shape first in southern and central Mesopotamia



D) as the best method of communication is obviously the written work



E) unless they could impose themselves and their language on the other people



E) just as social relationships take a long time to develop



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



43



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 36. – 38. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz. 36. The accumulation of financial capital, and its intelligent outlay for the acquisition of new goods and services, are the major features of the modern merchantile system in which we live. A) Mali sermayenin birikimi ve bunun yeni mal ve hizmetler edinmek için akıllı biçimde harcanması, içinde yaşadığımız modern ticari sistemin başlıca özellikleridir. B) İçinde bulunduğumuz ticari sistem, mali sermayenin birikimini ve bunun yeni mal ve hizmetler edinmek için akıllı biçimde harcanmasını öngören başlıca özelliklere sahiptir.



th 38. It was only at the beginning of the 18 century that Johann Friedrich Böttger discovered kaolin and made it possible to produce in Europe a porcelain as hard as that which had been imported from China.



A) Johann Friedrich Böttger’in, Avrupa’da Çin’den ithal edilen porselen kadar kuvvetli bir porselen imal edebilmesi, ancak 18. yüzyılın başında kaolini keşfetmesi ile mümkün olabilmiştir. B) 18. yüzyılın başında, Johann Friedrich Böttger kaolini keşfetmiş ve Avrupa’da, Çin’den ithal edilmiş porselen kadar kuvvetli bir porselen imal etmeyi başarmıştır. C) Johann Friedrich Böttger’in kaolini keşfederek Çin’den ithal edilmiş porselen kadar kuvvetli bir porselen imalatını sağlaması, Avrupa’da ancak 18. yüzyılın başında mümkün olmuştur.



C) Mali sermayeyi biriktirerek bunu yeni mal ve hizmetlerin alımı için akıllıca kullanmak, günümüz modern ticaret sisteminin temel özelliğidir. D) Yeni mal ve hizmetlerin alımını, mali sermaye birikiminin akıllı biçimde harcanması olarak gören modern ticari sistem, yaşadığımız çağın başlıca özelliğidir. E) Yaşadığımız modern çağın ticari sistemi, mali birikimi ve bunun yeni mal ve hizmetler edinmek için akıllı biçimde harcanmasını başlıca özellik olarak öne çıkarır.



D) Johann Friedrich Böttger’in kaolini keşfetmesi ve Avrupa’da Çin’den ithal edilmiş porselen kadar kuvvetli bir porselen imal etmeyi sağlaması, ancak 18. yüzyılın başında olmuştur. E) Avrupa’da Çin’den ithal edilmiş porselen kadar kuvvetli bir porselen imal edilmesi, 18. yüzyılın başında ancak Johann Friedrich Böttger’in kaolini keşfetmesi ile sağlanmıştır.



37. Caricature is a mature form of expression that arose when art became capable of social introspection and comment. A) Karikatür, olgun bir ifade biçimi olarak, toplumsal bir içgözlem ve yorum yapabilme gücünü kazanmıştır. B) Olgun bir ifade biçimi olan karikatür, sanatın toplumsal bir içgözlem ve yorum sağlamasıyla ortaya çıkmıştır. C) Sanatın toplumsal bir içgözlem ve yorum sağlamasıyla gelişen karikatür, olgun bir ifade biçimidir. D) Toplumsal bir içgözlemi ve yorumu başaran sanatın ortaya çıkmasıyla, karikatür de olgun bir ifade biçimi hâline gelmiştir. E) Karikatür, sanatın toplumsal bir içgözlem ve yorum sağlayabildiği zaman ortaya çıkmış olgun bir ifade biçimidir.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



44



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 41. İki keman, bir viyola ve bir çellodan oluşan yaylı çalgılar dörtlüsü çoğu kimse tarafından en doyurucu oda müziği biçimi olarak kabul edilmektedir.



39. – 41. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz.



A) For many people, the most satisfying form of chamber music is the string quartet, which consists of two violins, one viola and one cello.



39. Çiklet, Kral Charles I’in hekimlerinden biri olan George Bates tarafından 1635’te icat edilmiştir. A) George Bates, who served King Charles I as a physician, invented chewing gum in 1635.



B) Consisting of two violins, one viola and one cello, the string quartet is the most satisfying form of chamber music for many people.



B) It was only in 1635 that chewing gum was invented by George Bates, who had been a physician to King Charles I.



C) The string quartet, which consists of two violins, one viola and one cello, is considered by many to be the most satisfying form of chamber music.



C) Chewing gum was invented in 1635 by George Bates, who was one of the physicians of King Charles I.



D) The string quartet consists of two violins, one viola and one cello and it is considered by many people to be the most satisfying form of chamber music.



D) George Bates, who was one of the physicians of King Charles I in 1635, was the inventor of chewing gum.



E) Because it consists of two violins, one viola and one cello, the string quartet is considered to be the most satisfying form of chamber music for most people.



E) George Bates, who invented chewing gum in 1635, was one of the physicians of King Charles I.



40. Olağanüstü bir yaratıcılığa sahip olan Paul Cézanne, çağının en yenilikçi ressamıydı. A) Paul Cézanne, who had extraordinary creativity, was the most revolutionary painter of his age. B) A painter with extraordinary creativity, Paul Cézanne was an extremely revolutionary painter of his time. C) Paul Cézanne had extraordinary creativity which made him a revolutionary painter of his age. D) It was Paul Cézanne’s extraordinary creativity that made him the most revolutionary painter of his time. E) As the most revolutionary painter of his time, Paul Cézanne had extraordinary creativity.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



45



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 42. – 46. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz. 42. In recent years, spam, that is, advertising material sent by e-mail to people who have not asked for it, has congested the Internet, threatened to overwhelm Internet service providers, and caused sensitive Web surfers to scamper back away from their computers in embarrassment. Spam is now approaching 60 per cent of all email, according to one research firm. It is said that the resulting productivity losses amount to $9 billion annually. Current approaches aren’t working, even though home users and many companies started filtering their e-mails. ---- In addition, most individual lawsuits against spammers have been defeated, settled, or concluded with penalties unpaid. A) Filtering and antivirus companies always seem one step behind the rapidly evolving methods of clever spammers.



43. In recent years, many countries in Africa have faced severe food shortages as a result of extended drought. The reduced capacity for food production has been catastrophic for a population of over 200 million people, some of whom have died of starvation. ---- In order to rehabilitate these victims, the international community brings in emergency aid, both in the form of food supplies and of technical assistance. However, the drought hazard in Africa is expected to continue, recurring at unpredictable intervals. A) It is especially the rural people in Africa who need to be trained efficiently. B) As regards the continent’s precious top-soil, it is being lost at an incredible rate. C) The human population in Africa’s arid and semiarid areas has doubled in the past three decades. D) Among the survivors, many will suffer impaired health for the rest of their lives.



B) The best way to solve the problem may be to alter our habits of using the Internet.



E) Unless serious measures are taken, the economic situation could lead to political chaos.



C) Using e-mail filtering tools helps companies and individual users to block spam. D) Reports from the front lines of the spam war suggest some promising solutions by charging bulk e-mailers for each mail sent.



44. Power has a bad name. In a society that cherishes equality and individuality, the notion that some people wield power over others is sometimes looked at with disfavour. Yet many of our societal institutions would operate badly or not at all if there were not at least some execution and distribution of power. Not only large organizations but also small institutions would certainly break down if clear lines of authority did not exist. ---- For instance, power can be used for individual benefit, an inflated sense of self-worth or the devaluation of others.



E) The European Union has banned e-mail marketing without prior consent and the US Congress has given its approval to the first federal law regulating spam.



A) On the other hand, if abused, power can corrupt the power holder. B) The economic power of a country can easily be undermined. C) Moreover, most institutions are not governed properly. D) Similarly, politicians could not govern without the power given to them by constitutions and legal systems. E) Even so, a number of institutions need to be upgraded.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



46



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 45. Although it may not always be obvious, a great deal of thinking lies behind every advertisement we encounter, whether it be on radio, or television or in the print media. ---Psychographics, for example, is used to divide people into lifestyle profiles that are related to purchasing patterns. By using psychographics, professional advertisers can analyze consumer’s values, needs, attitudes and motivation to purchase particular items.



47. – 51. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz. 47. Timothy: - I have read in a newspaper article that the world’s weakest states aren’t just a danger to themselves. William: - What does this mean?



A) Advertisements may seem pretty much alike to us as they pass by in a blur. B) The tougher the market, the more the advertisers have to be careful about the methods they can use. C) Even solid brands that have been available for many years need advertising. D) In developing advertising for a product, one must first understand the product itself.



Timothy: - ---William: - So it is obvious why they are given development aid by international funds. A) I think they must be aware of the fact that the risk of failure is running high. B) This means that there are encouraging signs suggesting greater peace and stability.



E) Several techniques are available that can help people resist persuasive messages.



C) In my opinion, it is clear that all such states suffer from international neglect. D) Well, this means extreme poverty, lawlessness and urban violence within their borders. E) As far as I can understand, they also threaten the progress and stability of other countries. 46. Like language, music is a uniquely human activity. Although music is often spoken of as a kind of language, it is certainly not within the same space of possibilities as natural human languages. Music communicates something, perhaps emotional states. It is sometimes symbolic; for instance, when the Wedding March is played to symbolize weddings. ---- Therefore, it seems appropriate to treat music as a form of communication, but not as a language in the technical sense. A) That is why composers aim at aesthetic pleasure while they compose their music. B) The right hemisphere of the brain is involved in musical perception and in experienced musicians the left hemisphere is also involved. C) Yet it shares few of the grammatical and expressive possibilities found in all standard languages. D) In the opera, for instance, music and language combine. E) This shows that musical ability is largely based on auditory and rhythmic processing.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



47



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 48. Liza: - Prof. Dickens, I’m so excited. My doctoral defence is coming up soon. Can you give me some practical advice?



49. Ann: - I’m trying to choose a daycare centre for my son, but I don’t know which one is the best. Susan: - Find a centre that meets applicable laws and license regulations.



Prof. Dickens: - First, prepare a three-minute account of the essence of your work. Then be prepared to defend any controversial point that you have made.



Ann: - Yes, I’ll certainly do that. But isn’t a mother’s intuition also important?



Liza: - ----



Susan: - What do you mean?



Prof. Dickens: - The members of your committee are only interested in the quality of your scholarship. Just try to impress the members with your grasp of the subject.



Ann: - ---A) He’ll probably enjoy being with children of his own age.



A) I’d assume they are specialists in their area of research.



B) The staff should be well-trained and know something about infant development.



B) Are the committee members familiar with the subject of my thesis?



C) I’d need to feel that the environment is friendly and genuine.



C) My temptation would be to go on at length. Do you think they would want to hear more?



D) I’d need to talk to those providing the daycare.



D) What sort of an attitude is required? Do I smile? Show confidence?



E) I suppose I shouldn’t be going back to work so soon.



E) Do you think the committee will ask questions regarding my objection to the new theory?



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



48



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 50. Jeff: - The TV news mentions that one day all education will be based on distance teaching.



51. Janine: - Mr. Jenkins, I believe that the leading private sector managers provide some much-needed leadership in the country’s development. As you are one of them, would you say that it is just about the money?



Francis: - ---Jeff: - So, you are a bit sceptical about it! What is your opinion, then?



Mr. Jenkins: - ---Janine: - Can you give an example?



Francis: - I believe that real human interaction in a classroom environment will always be needed. A) It will certainly be a great revolution in education. B) It sounds alright in theory, but would it work in practice?



Mr. Jenkins: - We have already invested $1 billion to date, creating our art museum and carrying out various educational initiatives across the country. A) I don’t think so. I believe one must demonstrate the social responsibility of one’s work.



C) Do you think it will cost more than traditional education?



B) Well, the purchasing of bank stocks has been a major element in strategic vision.



D) In the end, it is up to us as individuals to decide on our future.



C) I personally believe that industry would benefit from a multicultural and multinational environment if it is to succeed in this new era of globalization.



E) Never before have individuals had so many chances of education.



D) If it were not for our financial assets, we would not have been able to turn our company into a leading one. E) We have moved from being a developing market to being an emerging market. That is in itself a great achievement, I should say.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



49



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 52. – 56. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. 52. (I) The common notion is that leadership consists of certain qualities inherent in some individuals and that an individual who possesses these qualities is a leader. (II) In any situation s/he will be able to command the confidence and respect of his/her fellows and to induce them to follow his/her policies and to accept his/her plans and decisions. (III) However, nowadays, it is conceived as a functional role of a group member, played by an individual at a particular time in a particular group of people. (IV) Research on the nature of leadership has helped to explode the notion of individually distinct set of qualities, traits, or abilities. (V) In other words, leadership is being exercised when a group member is helping the group to define and to meet its needs. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



54. (I) When the Turkish Republic was founded, Istanbul University was the only institution of higher education. (II) That is the reason why it is the feeder of all the universities existing in Turkey today, and the academics educated here have initiated the establishment of the other institutions. (III) Thus, Istanbul University has always been instrumental in the training of our country’s scientific cadres. (IV) The university functions as a reflection of Turkey’s history of independence. (V) In addition to its scientific impact, it has also been a leader in the movement towards enlightenment and modernization by acting as a bridge between science and life. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



E) V



53. (I) A major issue in Australian social history has been the question of identity. (II) There has long been a tension between the preservation of British cultural values and the promotion of Australian independence. (III) In October 1992, Australia’s prime minister Paul Keating and Queen Elizabeth II formalized an agreement by which Australian citizens would no longer be nominated for the receipt of UK honours. (IV) Many inhabitants have favoured the maintenance and development of cultural continuity with Britain. (V) Others, however, have come to reject this tradition, advocating instead nationalism, or some kind of internationalism without a British focus. A) I



55. (I) Turkey first applied for associate membership in the European Union (EU) – then the European Economic Community (EEC) – in 1959. (II) The application resulted in an association agreement in 1963, whereby Turkey and the EU would, in principal, gradually create a customs union by 1995 at the latest. (III) After pursuing inward-oriented development strategies throughout the 1960s and 1970s, Turkey switched over to a more outwardoriented policy position in 1980. (IV) It was a step towards full EU membership at an unspecified future date. (V) The EU unilaterally granted Turkey preferential tariffs and financial assistance, but the process of mutual reductions in customs tariffs and nontariff barriers was delayed because of the economic and political conditions in Turkey.



56. (I) In most spheres, the Ottoman Empire was more a part of Europe in the seventeenth century than it had been in the sixteenth. (II) This movement towards a more European norm derived in part simply from a decline in fear. (III) The Veneto-Ottoman war over Crete, even more than the earlier Habsburg-Ottoman ones over Hungary, made it clear that this empire no longer posed a significant military threat to the rising states of western Europe. (IV) Nor were the gazes of these states any longer fixed primarily upon the Mediterranean world, for they had now become aware of the enormous opportunities to exploit the worlds of eastern Asia and the Americas. (V) As more and more northern Europeans visited the Ottoman domains, they also gained profound insight into that world. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



E) V



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



50



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 58. The expression “digital democracy” used in the passage means ----.



57. – 60. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) taking full advantage of all the web technologies When Time magazine declared its 2006 person of the year to be “You”, the magazine was pointing to an undeniable reality: anyone with an Internet connection can be a reporter, political commentator, cultural critic, or media producer. Around the same time, the media scholar H. Jenkins and his colleagues published a paper appreciating the “participatory cultures” of creation and sharing, mentorship, and civic engagement that were emerging online, especially among young people. Although Time did not explicitly frame participation in the new media as a youth phenomenon, most of the fifteen “citizens of digital democracy” who were featured in its December 13 article were under the age of thirty-five. Jenkins and his colleagues strongly suggest that young people are especially well-poised to take full advantage of Web 2.0. On the other hand, ever since digital technologies were made available, scholars, educators, policymakers, and parents have been debating their implications for young people’s literacy, attention spans, social tolerance, and tendency for aggression. Considerable strides are now being made in scholarship in many of these areas.



B) widespread use of Internet technology in our age C) the selection of fifteen young people by Time magazine D) equal rights given to teenagers to express their opinions online E) online media engagement opportunities made available for everyone



59. According to the passage, the scholars who carried out an investigation into new media participation think that the present phenomenon ----. A) is a waste of time as there is no particular merit at all B) is the result of people’s competent use of digital technologies C) should be regarded with suspicion D) calls for parental guidance when young people are concerned E) has created an aggressive young generation



57. It is understood from the passage that ----. A) media scholars criticize the young for their online activities B) 2006 was announced to be the year of the youth



60. It is explained in the passage that ----.



C) Internet use among the elderly population is limited



A) there is rapid progress in the fields investigating various effects of digital technologies on young people



D) many young people are using the digital media in impressive ways



B) digital media participation does irreparable harm to young people



E) Time magazine incorporates digital media into its journalism



C) parents are particularly concerned about their children’s social tolerance and attention spans D) Time magazine offers valid solutions to the problems experienced by youth E) the digital practices of today’s young people as reporters, political commentators, cultural critics, or media producers exceed in quality those of earlier periods



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



51



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 62. According to the passage, people with disabilities ----.



61. – 64. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) have failed to appreciate the special care services made available to them



The last decade has seen notable changes in disability policy in Europe. Changed assumptions about the concept of disability have been reflected in the adoption of new national and pan-European legislation. As a consequence, the policy which has sought to separate and segregate people with disabilities in “special schools”, labour markets, residential accommodation and transport has, to some degree, and in some countries, been reconsidered. Attempts have been made to develop an integrated approach, opening up jobs, services and housing to all people irrespective of their ability or disability. A key element of this new approach has been the recognition that segregation and exclusion is not a necessary consequence of a physical or intellectual impairment, but the result of conscious policy choices based on false assumptions about the abilities of the people with disabilities. The new approach recognizes the role which discrimination plays in disadvantaging people with disabilities and, conversely, how legislation seeks to combat elements of disability discrimination and creates equality of opportunity for people with disabilities.



B) have always been provided with opportunities to make a good living C) have long been prevented from enjoying the same rights as the other members of society D) would never manage to lead a comfortable life E) have for centuries been regarded, throughout Europe, as a burden to society



63. As the passage indicates, it is now clear that ----. A) there is a wide gap between the public and legal views on disability B) the disabled everywhere in Europe have been granted extra rights and privileges C) the disability groups are demanding even more rights D) the understanding of disability in Europe has undergone considerable change E) Europeans have recently adopted a rather prejudiced attitude towards the rights of people with disabilities



61. We understand from the passage that the new approach to disability ----. A) maintains the segregational policies common everywhere in Europe B) opposes the segregation of the disabled from society



64. The passage emphasizes that ----.



C) equates physical or intellectual impairment with inferiority



A) potential capabilities of the disabled people had long been underestimated or ignored



D) has not sought a legal basis for its activities E) aims to provide a therapeutic environment for the disabled by placing them in special institutions



B) future steps require consciously-developed policies for the rehabilitation of the disabled C) people with disabilities deserve somewhat more attention than those without D) the new disability policy in Europe will be useless E) a change in attitude towards the disabled is the result of the new employment policies in Europe



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



52



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 66. It is indicated in the passage that as a result of the caveman’s drawings on the walls ----.



65. – 68. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. When prehistoric man returned home from a hunt, he was almost certainly asked the question we would like to ask today: “What happened?” Quite possibly, he replied in a factual manner, providing a short report of the land covered, the number of animals spotted, and the results. His face-to-face communication was limited only to those within the sight and sound of the speaker. Either because of this or because he thought his communication should be recorded in more permanent form, the caveman eventually began to draw his message, the report of his latest adventurous hunt, on the wall of the cave. This opened up a whole range of possibilities: The wall was there twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. The caveman could go about his other business, whatever that may have been, and still know that his message was being communicated, for the audience was communicating not with the caveman himself, but with the wall. This was the beginning of mass communication – impersonal communication with a diverse audience that has a limited opportunity to respond – and much was gained from it.



A) personal relations with other people could be stronger B) the cavemen could forget all about his other business C) others could get his messages even when he was not there D) the idea of competition came into being E) spoken interaction gradually lost its importance



67. We understand from the passage that mass communication during prehistoric times ----. A) required the presence of at least two people sharing the same space and time B) did not necessarily require a personal relationship between the speaker and his audience C) meant short reports of one’s daily life experiences D) provided vast opportunities to other people to write back about their opinions



65. According to the passage, the simplest form of mass communication is ----.



E) caused people to be more inquisitive than before



A) the spoken messages given by the speaker B) a visual sign taking place on a permanent surface C) the reports of a hunter who came back from the hunt



68. According to the passage, the caveman drew his messages on the cave walls, because ----.



D) the face-to-face interaction of a caveman with his close friends E) the prompt responses of the audience to the drawings on the wall



A) he wanted his messages to stay there for a long time B) he was tired of telling his hunting stories to everyone C) an impersonal form of communication did not suit his needs D) giving messages through drawing was easier than speaking E) it was an enjoyable way of passing the time



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



53



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 70. It is indicated in the passage that ----.



69. – 72. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Although the United States and the Soviet Union became allies during World War II, there seemed to be little doubt that their opposing ideologies would ultimately produce a cold war. The cold war was a global phenomenon and was clearly conditioned by the political, economic, and social aspirations of the two superpowers. Between 1945 and 1989 Europe became a testing ground for the cold war itself. The Soviets were convinced that Eastern European buffer states had to be created to protect the Soviet Union from future invasions. As for the United States, the Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, and NATO were all intended to keep Russian ideology within its own borders. When the cold war came to an end following the collapse of the Berlin Wall in November 1989, the Soviet ideology was considered a spent force in Eastern Europe.



A) a potential for a disagreement between the two super powers was apparent even during World War II B) NATO made it possible for the Eastern European countries to establish economic relations with the United States C) the Russian ideology became widespread all around Europe D) the Truman Doctrine was developed to protect the Eastern European states from the Soviet threat E) the cold war continued for about two decades and then ended



71. We can understand from the passage that ----. A) it was World War II which gave rise to the cold war between the United States and Soviet Union B) the main function of the Berlin Wall was to protect Europe from the Soviet invasion C) both of the superpowers had strong desires to control the world



69. According to the passage, the cold war ----. A) caused the collapse of the economy in the Eastern European states



D) when World War II came to an end, the United States intended to give up her economic interests in Europe



B) was the main reason which brought an end to World War II



E) the Soviet strategies shaped the everyday life of all the peoples in Europe



C) ended because the United States and the Soviet Union both felt threatened by global changes D) helped the Eastern European states to become more powerful and secure



72. The passage indicates that ----.



E) was not confined to the political relations only between the United States and the Soviet Union



A) the strategies used by the Soviets in Eastern Europe proved to be successful in the end B) a crucial time for the cold war was the year when the Berlin Wall collapsed C) the most important motive behind the cold war was to create a free world D) the cold war eliminated the risk of potential invasions in Europe E) superpowers should represent themselves as the guardians of peace



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



54



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 74. The writer of the passage predicts that for the next generation ----.



73. – 76. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) there will be great obstacles to space exploration For the present, NASA appears to be committed to maintaining its human spaceflight program, whatever the cost. However, in the next decade, it may discover that it does not need human characters to tell compelling stories. Instead of gazing at posters of astronauts, children are now playing with toy models of Mars rovers. The next generation of space adventurers is growing up with the knowledge that one can visit another planet without boarding a spacecraft. Decades from now, when those children are grown-ups, some of them will lead the next great explorations of the solar system. Sitting in quiet control rooms, they will send instructions to far-away probes already launched and make the final adjustment that points us towards the stars.



B) space exploration will be just part of popular fiction C) exploring other planets will no longer be a maintained practice D) what seems to be part of fiction today will become part of reality E) telling stories about space travel will be even more compelling



75. From the passage, one can expect that the future technology of space exploration will ----. A) have no need for earth-control centers B) bring an end to NASA’s mission C) eliminate the risks put on the lives of astronauts D) add exciting details to the toy models children play with E) save human beings from extinction 73. One can understand from the passage that ----. A) the future will witness radical advances in the techniques of space exploration B) NASA’s expensive investments in human spaceflight programs will pay back in the future C) children of the next generation will enjoy a variety of developed space games D) NASA has finally succeeded in making man a redundant component of spaceflight programs



76. In general, the passage implies that ----. A) human intelligence will make many of the technological dreams come true



E) today’s children are getting less interested in space programs



B) physical presence of man in spacecraft will be indispensible C) unmanned spacecraft can be comparatively more cost-effective D) a human operator on earth can mislead unmanned spacecrafts E) astronauts are no longer celebrated by today’s children



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



55



2010 - ÜDS Sonbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 79. Upon reading the passage, one can say that ----.



77. – 80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) the discovery of the New World was generally greeted with dismay



From the mid-fifteenth century on, most of Europe had enjoyed steady economic growth, and the discovery of the New World seemed the basis of greater prosperity to come. By the middle of the sixteenth century, however, the situation changed. Nothing like the upward price trend that affected Western Europe in the second half of the sixteenth century had ever happened before. Since Europe’s population began to grow vastly and the food supply remained constant, food prices were driven sharply higher by the increased demand. At the same time, wages stagnated or even declined. On the other hand, the enormous influx of silver from Spanish America into Europe, where much of it was minted into coins, caused a dramatic increase in the volume of money in circulation. This, of course, fuelled the spiral of rising prices.



B) an increase in the volume of money in circulation causes a rise in prices C) the worst problem a country ever has to face is a serious food shortage D) the discovery of the New World brought more problems to Europe than benefits E) after the sixteenth century Europe was never again faced with such a spiral of rising prices



77. The main aim of the passage is to present ----. 80. One can infer from the passage that, in the second half of the sixteenth century, the people of Europe realized that ----.



A) the excitement that was caused by the arrival of large amounts of silver from Spanish America B) a picture of the steady economic growth of Europe over the centuries



A) their dreams of prosperity had no basis



C) how an increase in the food supply in Europe was achieved



B) they could look forward to a more prosperous future



D) the reasons for the rapid growth in the population of Europe



C) the New World could offer them a better life



E) the basic reasons for the economic turbulence Europe had to face in the sixteenth century



D) they would have to fight for higher wages E) the lives of ordinary people varied very little from one century to the next



78. It is understood from the passage that ----. A) the political instability that Europe suffered from in the mid-sixteenth century was largely caused by the food shortage B) the discovery of the New World brought great welfare to Europe in the mid-sixteenth century C) Europeans were better off in the second half of the fifteenth century



TEST BİTTİ.



D) people benefited greatly from the influx of silver into Europe



CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.



E) very little is known about the history of Europe in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



56



ÜNİVERSİTELERARASI KURUL YABANCI DİL SINAVI (ÜDS) 26 ARALIK 2010



İNGİLİZCE SOSYAL BİLİMLER TESTİ CEVAP ANAHTARI A KİTAPÇIĞI



1. E



21. C



41. C



61. B



2. D



22. D



42. A



62. C



3. B



23. A



43. D



63. D



4. E



24. C



44. A



64. A



5. B



25. E



45. B



65. B



6. D



26. E



46. C



66. C



7. B



27. B



47. E



67. B



8. E



28. E



48. D



68. A



9. D



29. D



49. C



69. E



10. B



30. B



50. B



70. A



11. B



31. C



51. A



71. C



12. E



32. B



52. D



72. B



13. D



33. A



53. C



73. A



14. B



34. B



54. D



74. D



15. D



35. C



55. C



75. C



16. E



36. A



56. E



76. A



17. D



37. E



57. D



77. E



18. B



38. D



58. E



78. C



19. D



39. C



59. B



79. B



20. B



40. A



60. A



80. A



İNGİLİZCE FEN BİLİMLERİ TESTİ 2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 5. A sardine monitoring system was ---- in order to prevent over-fishing.



1. – 18. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



A) found out



D) taken place



1. The ---- of sunlight into electricity is possible through the use of solar panels. A) inversion



B) conversion



D) rotation



B) set up



C) put in



E) made over



C) refinement



E) compression 6. His comments ---- a very lively debate on the origin of ocean crust.



2. Microorganisms are of ---- value to the Earth’s ecology, disintegrating animal and plant remains and turning them into simpler substances. A) consecutive



B) disputable



C) controversial



D) resistant



A) put up with



B) fell into



C) handed over



D) gave rise to E) figured out



E) incalculable



7. Although human contamination of the Earth’s atmosphere ---- long before the Industrial Revolution, air pollution ---- a major problem until th th the 18 and 19 centuries. 3. Cars, coal-generated electric power, and even cement factories ---- affect the environment, causing many serious problems that threaten animal and plant life. A) adversely



B) commercially



C) conscientiously



D) privately



A) has existed / would not be B) would exist / had not been C) exists / has not been D) would have existed / would not have been E) existed / was not



E) adequately



8. If humans ---- at the speed of light, it ---- them about eight minutes to reach the Sun. 4. When two or more atoms ----, they form a molecule. A) depart



B) eradicate



C) combine



D) correlate



A) have travelled / took B) could travel / would take C) travel / would have taken D) will travel / takes



E) withdraw



E) would travel / has taken



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



1



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 12. Since prehistoric times, man has recognized the influence ---- heredity and has applied its principles ---- the improvement of cultivated crops and domestic animals.



9. The average surface temperature of Earth ---roughly 15° centigrade, but over the last century, this average ---- by about 0.6° centigrade. A) has been / was rising



A) with / off



B) would be / rises



B) by / under



D) of / to



C) used to be / would have risen



C) on / from



E) at / within



D) had been / had risen E) is / has risen



13. The most useful geothermal resources are hot water and steam trapped in subsurface formations or reservoirs and having temperatures ranging ---- 80° ---- 350° centigrade.



10. Astronomy ---- as the oldest science, going back thousands of years, and seems to have begun when primitive people ---- objects and their movements in the sky. A) is to be regarded / notice B) was regarded / have noticed



A) from / to



B) between / of



C) among / at



D) within / over E) under / off



C) is regarded / noticed D) would be regarded / were noticing E) had been regarded / had noticed



11. According to some scientists, the global population, which currently ---- at about 6 billion, ---- 13 billion by the year 2050.



14. The Alps have been an area of transit trade since ancient times ---- they offer important pathways between central and southern Europe.



A) stands / will have surpassed B) will stand / will surpass



A) so that



C) stood / would surpass



B) because D) whereas



D) has stood / surpassed



C) as if



E) whether



E) is standing / has surpassed



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



2



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 15. ---- ancient peoples in several parts of the world built pyramids, it was the Egyptians who constructed the tallest and most famous of them. A) Unless



B) Now that D) Once



19. – 23. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



C) Although Japan is home to almost half the world’s industrial robots. Only a few decades ago, when robots (19)---for the first time, they were used for less sophisticated tasks, (20)---- humans were considered essential for manual precision tasks. This, however, changed with (21)---- in robot technology. Today, robots are used in dirty, dangerous, and inaccessible tasks as well as in (22)---- requiring precision. Today, robots are an indispensable part (23)---- industrial Japan.



E) As if



16. Aridisols are dry, desert-like soils that have low organic content ---- are sparsely vegetated by drought- or salt-tolerant plants. A) so far as



B) so that



D) so



19.



C) as



A) have been introduced



E) and



B) had been introduced C) were introduced D) would have been introduced E) would be introduced



20. 17. The remarkable feature of gases is ---- they appear to have no structure at all. A) if



B) that D) why



A) so long as



B) whether



D) while



C) when



C) in case



E) so that



E) whether 21. A) advances



B) conclusions



C) destinations



D) devices E) burdens



22.



18. ---- populating both the inner and outer surfaces of the human body, microbes abound in the soil, the seas, and the air. A) According to



B) As to



C) In contrast to



D) In addition to



A) most



B) those D) which



C) whose E) them



23.



E) In order to



A) for



B) at D) among



C) in E) of



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



3



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 27. Since there is limited room in most deep sea exploration boats, ----.



24. – 35. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.



A) it has become increasingly easy to identify various marine species



24. Though its manufacture, sale, and servicing have become key elements of industrial economies, ----.



B) most marine biologists are trained to chase off sharks



A) the automobile changed the world during the 20th century, particularly in the United States and other industrialized nations



C) amateur divers are advised to carry extra oxygen tubes with them D) the coral reefs attract thousands of divers every year



B) the automobile has brought noise and air pollution, and car accidents rank among the leading causes of death and injury throughout the world



E) the divers on board have to use the available space efficiently



C) automobiles are valued by size, style, number of doors, and intended use, and they take different names in accordance with their purpose D) the automobile is indispensable for mobility and job opportunities, offering a solution to the problem of unemployment in the early 20th century



28. ---- because they have been found to harm human health.



E) various systems supply the engine with fuel, cool it during operation, lubricate its moving parts, and remove the exhaust gases it creates



A) Some forms of plastic used in bottles have been banned B) The use of plastics and other synthetic materials in medicine is on the rise



25. ---- if it has erupted one or more times in history.



C) Recyclable plastic bottles are widely used in food industry



A) All volcanoes are formed by the accumulation of magma



D) Certain types of plastic are more suitable for recycling than some others



B) Scientists try to predict volcanic eruptions by observing various events



E) Researchers are trying to develop a new type of plastic good for the environment



C) Volcanic eruptions can cause serious human, economic, and environmental catastrophes D) Some volcanic features on earth do not look like volcanoes E) Scientists generally consider a volcano active



29. While heavy drinking is known to reduce lifespan, ----.



26. Unless governments take action to control population growth, ----.



A) alcoholics develop a greater tolerance for alcohol B) alcoholism is becoming increasingly common in the modern world



A) a great majority of our environmental problems will be solved



C) ethanol is the type of alcohol used in drinks like beer, wine, and brandy



B) population control can be possible through strict policies



D) genetic, psychological, and social factors influence the development of alcoholism



C) the natural resources in the world will soon become insufficient D) sustainability policies developed countries



were



formulated



E) a moderate consumption of alcohol can reduce the risk of heart disease



by



E) thousands starved to death in the poorer parts of the world Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



4



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 30. Genetic information is encoded and transmitted from generation to generation in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ----.



33. Debates arise over which voting technology is the most accurate and least susceptible to tampering ----.



A) but this process contributed to the great variation of traits that we see in nature



A) that could easily have been prevented B) whenever national elections are held



B) which is a coiled molecule organized into structures called chromosomes



C) whether it is plausible for the majority or not D) until balloting security is jeopardized



C) now that members of the same species inherited different forms of a gene



E) as if all votes have been counted



D) whereas some of these theories remained in favour for several decades E) whose offspring receive a mixture of genetic information from both parents



34. Coal burning is responsible for 40 per cent of the 30 billion tonnes of carbondioxide ----. A) though it poses a huge threat to most organisms



31. Robotics engineers are now producing robots that mimic the gestures of real people ----. A) which might be another form of body language



B) as if it were one of the major factors causing global warming



B) when someone points towards himself



C) that is emitted by human activity every year



C) as if communicating with others were easy



D) since we are all aware of the dangers of climate change



D) as this makes them appear much more natural



E) whereby plants and some animal species interact



E) until other problems have been overcome



32. Air pollution results mainly from human activity, ----.



35. Quantum theory is the most useful scientific theory ever devised, ----.



A) but natural phenomena like volcanic eruptions also cause it



A) since it is impossible to know everything about the world



B) though humans play a major role in the contamination of the environment



B) provided that theorists are perplexed by its equations



C) in case there are a variety of pollutants causing it



C) even though understanding it could bring new scientific insights



D) while it is a very common problem in many parts of the world



D) while physicists found evidence that a single photon of light was capable of being in two places at the same time



E) since great progress has been made in methods to prevent it



E) whereas some scientists choose simply to ignore most of its uses



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



5



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 38. Before the development of quantum theory, physicists assumed that measuring any physical quantity as accurately as desired was possible, provided that perfect equipment and perfect conditions were present.



36. – 38. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz. 36. Today’s scientists are able to generate genetically modified animals with new traits, such as the ability to resist disease, and they use cloning techniques to reproduce these genetically modified animals.



A) İlk önce kuantum kuramını geliştiren fizikçiler, daha sonra herhangi bir fiziksel niceliğin ancak kusursuz araçlar ve kusursuz koşullar var olduğu takdirde ölçülebileceğini kanıtladılar.



A) Günümüzde, hastalıklara direnç göstermek gibi yeni özellikleri olan genetiği değiştirilmiş hayvanlar üretebilen bilim adamları, bu hayvanları klonlama teknikleri kullanarak çoğaltabilmektedir.



B) Kuantum kuramını geliştiren fizikçiler, kusursuz araçlar ve kusursuz koşullar var olduğu takdirde, herhangi bir fiziksel niceliğin istenilen düzeyde bir doğrulukla ölçülebileceğini varsayıyorlar.



B) Günümüz bilim adamları, hastalıklara direnç gösterme yeteneği gibi yeni özellikleri olan genetiği değiştirilmiş hayvanlar üretebilmekte ve bu genetiği değiştirilmiş hayvanları çoğaltmak için klonlama teknikleri kullanmaktadırlar.



C) Kusursuz araçlar ve kusursuz koşullar sağlandığı takdirde, herhangi bir fiziksel niceliğin istenilen düzeyde bir doğrulukla ölçülebileceğini savunan fizikçiler, kuantum kuramını geliştirmişlerdir.



C) Günümüz bilim adamlarının amacı, hastalıklara direnç göstermek gibi yeni özellikleri olan genetiği değiştirilmiş hayvanlar üretmek ve bu genetiği değiştirilmiş hayvanları çoğaltmak için klonlama teknikleri kullanmaktır.



D) Kuantum kuramı sayesinde, fizikçiler, kusursuz araçlar ve kusursuz koşullar var olduğu takdirde, herhangi bir fiziksel niceliğin istenilen ölçüde bir doğrulukla ölçülemeyeceği varsayımını çürüttüler.



D) Günümüz bilim adamlarının, hastalıklara direnç göstermek gibi yeni özellikleri olan genetiği değiştirilmiş hayvanlar üretmenin yanı sıra, genetiği değiştirilmiş hayvanları klonlama teknikleri kullanarak çoğalttıkları bilinmektedir.



E) Kuantum kuramının geliştirilmesinden önce, fizikçiler, kusursuz araçlar ve kusursuz koşullar var olduğu takdirde, herhangi bir fiziksel niceliği, istenilen ölçüde doğru olarak ölçmenin mümkün olabileceğini varsayıyorlardı.



E) Günümüz bilim adamları, gerek hastalıklara direnç göstermek gibi yeni özellikleri olan hayvanlar üretebilmekte, gerekse genetiği değiştirilmiş diğer bazı hayvanları klonlama teknikleri kullanarak çoğaltabilmektedirler. 37. The ethanol in biofuels forms through the fermentation of starch and, in principle, any source of starch can be used for this purpose. A) Biyoyakıtlardaki etanol, nişastanın mayalanmasıyla oluşur ve ilke olarak, herhangi bir nişasta kaynağı bu amaç için kullanılabilir. B) Biyoyakıtlardaki nişastanın mayalanmasıyla oluşan etanol, ilke olarak, herhangi bir nişasta kaynağı olarak kullanılabilir. C) Her ne kadar biyoyakıtlardaki etanol nişastanın mayalanmasıyla oluşsa da, ilke olarak, çeşitli nişasta kaynakları bu amaç için kullanılabilir. D) İlke olarak, biyoyakıtlardaki etanolün, nişastanın mayalanmasıyla oluşmasına karşın, herhangi bir nişasta kaynağı bu amaç için kullanılabilir. E) İlke olarak, herhangi bir nişasta kaynağının aynı amaç için kullanılabilir olmasına karşın, biyoyakıtlardaki etanolün, nişastanın mayalanmasıyla oluşması gerekir. Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



6



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 40. Bir barajın inşası başlamadan önce, mühendisler, barajın ağırlığını kaldırmaya yetecek kadar güçlü bir temel sağlayacağından emin olmak için, önerilen bölgenin jeolojik yapısını incelerler.



39. – 41. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz. 39. Nanoteknoloji alanında çalışan bilim insanlarını bekleyen en büyük güçlüklerden biri, arzu edilen bir nano yapı inşa edebilmek ve bu yapıyı, çıplak gözle görülebilen işlevsel bir sistemle bütünleştirebilmektir.



A) In order for the construction of a dam to begin, the proposed site should first be surveyed by geological engineers so that they can make sure the foundation of the proposed site will be strong enough to support the weight of the dam.



A) Scientists working in the field of nanotechnology are yet to make a desired nanostructure and then to integrate it with a functional system visible to the naked eye.



B) Before the construction of a dam begins, engineers survey the geology of the proposed site to make sure that it will provide a foundation strong enough to support the weight of the dam.



B) Making a desired nanostructure and integrating it into a functional system visible to the naked eye is the biggest difficulty that scientists working in the field of nanotechnology are faced with.



C) Before they start constructing a dam, geologists and engineers must survey the proposed site, as its foundations may not be strong enough to support the weight of the dam.



C) One of the biggest challenges awaiting scientists working in the field of nanotechnology is to be able to make a desired nanostructure and then integrate it with a functional system that is visible to the naked eye.



D) Prior to the construction of a dam, the geology of the proposed site should be surveyed by engineers, as they want to make sure that it has a strong foundation capable of supporting the weight of the dam.



D) One of the major challenges that scientists working in the field of nanotechnology have to face is how to make a desired nanostructure without integrating it into a functional system visible to the naked eye.



E) By the time the construction of a dam begins, engineers must have surveyed the geological features of the proposed area, in case its foundations are not strong enough to support the weight of the dam.



E) To make a desired nanostructure without having to integrate it with a system visible to the naked eye is one of the biggest challenges that awaits scientists working in the field of nanotechnology.



41. Bilgisayarlar artan yararlarıyla yaşamı kolaylaştırsalar da, kullanımları daha yaygın hâle geldikçe, onları kötüye kullanma olasılığı da artmaktadır. A) Despite the fact that computer misuse is growing as computer use becomes more widespread, no one can deny that computers make life easier with their increasing efficacy. B) It is true that as computer use becomes more widespread, the possibility of misuse also grows, but the fact that computers make life easier with their increasing efficacy remains. C) Although computers make life easier with their increasing efficacy, as they become more widespread, the possibility of their misuse also grows. D) Even if computers made life easier with their increasing efficacy, as computer use became more widespread, the possibility of its misuse also grew. E) Computers make life easier with their increasing efficacy; as a result, as computer use becomes more widespread, the possibility of misuse also broadens.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



7



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 44. Organisms use two types of cell division to ensure that DNA is passed down from cell to cell during reproduction. Simple one-celled organisms and some other organisms reproduce by a process called “mitosis”, during which a cell doubles its DNA before dividing into two cells and distributing the DNA evenly to each resulting cell. ---- Known as “meiosis”, this process involves sexual reproduction. In this process, an egg and sperm unite to form a zygote, in which the full number of chromosomes is restored.



42. – 46. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz. 42. As the hardest substance known, diamond is ideal for cutting rock and other tough stuff. ---For cutting steel, the first choice is cubic boron nitride, which is almost as hard. But manufacturing the substance requires high temperatures and extreme pressures, which make it expensive.



A) Organisms that reproduce sexually, on the other hand, use a different type of cell division.



A) Making ultrahard materials usually requires extreme pressures.



B) In all organisms, cells divide to produce new cells, each of which requires the genetic information in DNA.



B) The hardness of diamond arises because of short, covalent bonds that keep the constituent atoms strongly stuck together.



C) Mitosis occurs in five stages, namely interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.



C) Scientists want to design new hard materials rather than finding them using trial-and-error methods.



D) Modern genetics offers solutions to the reproductive problems that were once thought to be incurable.



D) But diamond is costly, and it degrades machining steel and other ferrous metals because of reactions.



E) Each new cell needs a complete copy of an organism’s genetic information to function properly.



E) The method should lead to even less costly, ultrahard compounds.



43. ---- There are those that affect the body surfaces they contact, and those that damage the general nervous system. Surface agents include phosgene gas, chlorine gas, hydrogen cyanide, and mustard gas. While the principal action of the first three occurs through inhalation, mustard is a blistering agent that damages any surface it contacts, including the skin. Nerve agents, on the other hand, which include the chemicals sarin, soman, and tabun, act by blocking the transmission of nerve messages throughout the body. A single drop of nerve agent can shut down the body’s nervous system.



45. The irreversible loss of biodiversity has a serious impact on the ability of the remaining species, including humans, to survive. Humans depend on the diversity of species and healthy ecosystems to provide food, clean air and water, and fertile soil for agriculture. ---- As many as 40 per cent of our modern pharmaceutical medicines are derived from plants or animals. A small plant from Madagascar, the rosy periwinkle, for instance, produces substances that are effective in fighting two deadly cancers, Hodgkin’s and leukaemia.



A) A biological attack involves dispersing agents into the air.



A) However, the survival of ecosystems depends on their variety of plants, animals, and habitats.



B) Chemical warfare involves compounds to kill an enemy.



of



B) In addition, we benefit greatly from the many drugs that biodiversity provides.



C) Biological weapons use living microorganisms to infect large masses of people.



C) In contrast, modern medicine makes use of medicines derived from both natural and chemical sources.



the



use



D) Both biological and chemical weapons are considered weapons of mass destruction.



D) Biologists believe that the Earth is currently going through a period of mass extinction.



E) Chemical warfare agents can be grouped into two general types.



E) In such cases, direct habitat destruction threatens the greatest number of species.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



8



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 46. A handful of countries produce a portion of their electricity from nuclear energy. ---- The world has witnessed one such disaster in recent history. The 1986 accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in Ukraine scattered radioactive contamination over a large part of Europe. Approximately 200,000 people were evacuated, and human health has been dramatically affected ever since. Studies in 1999 found that the rate of thyroid cancer in young Ukrainian children was ten times higher than was the norm prior to the accident.



48. Henry: - I think we really shouldn’t miss this year’s National Science Week events. It seems that there’s a lot we can learn and even use in our project. Shall we go to at least some of them together? Jane: - What is this year’s theme? I remember attending a few events last year. I’m not sure I want to see more insects this year, when we really should be working on our project on global warming.



A) The decades of the Cold War witnessed the dangerous escalation of a nuclear arms race.



Henry: - ----



B) Most people are against its use for the production of electricity, as it is too costly. C) Nuclear weapons disaster.



can



cause



Jane: - Great! Let’s go then.



wide-spread



A) Why? Don’t you find insects an interesting species to study?



D) The first large-scale nuclear reactors were built in 1944 in the US, for the production of nuclear weapons material.



B) There are no insects this year; the theme is “Click for the Climate”.



E) Many people, however, are opposed to nuclear power stations, on the grounds that an accident can cause massive devastation.



C) Would you rather go to the biology lab to work? D) Have you completed your project already? E) I really have no clue as to what this year’s theme is.



47. – 51. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz.



49. Patrick: - Are you going to get a swine flu vaccination?



47. Robert: - Are you going to include the pygmy marmoset monkeys in your Amazonian fauna assignment?



Helen: - Yes, I am. Almost half of my colleagues are down with the flu, and I’m really tired of wearing this protective mask.



Karen: - I may do so. If I remember rightly, they are only about 2 cm in height.



Patrick: - ----



Robert: - ----



Helen: - Oh, I already have. I’m getting a type specially developed for expectant women.



Karen: - Can they really? That is remarkable.



A) Haven’t they been vaccinated?



A) It’s their tails that make it possible.



B) Then you may already have the flu.



B) I thought they were taller than that.



C) What about your husband?



C) That’s correct. But they can leap a distance of five metres. D) They feed on both insects and fruits.



D) But you do realize, I hope, that some vaccines are not suitable for pregnant women, so you should consult your doctor first.



E) Very little else is known about them.



E) No. I’m not going to get a vaccination.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



9



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 50. Roger: - Why do you always get lower electricity bills than we do? You’re six people in the family, whereas we are only two and, unlike you, we spend most of our time outside the house.



51. Kate: - I recently read in a magazine that the activity of plate tectonics ground to a halt at various times in the Earth’s geological history.



Jennifer: - ----



Fred: - Oh, that’s interesting. I thought it was a slow but continuous process.



Roger: - Actually, no. I haven’t noticed them.



Kate: - ----



Jennifer: - Well, ever since we had them installed, we’ve been paying less than half of what we used to.



Fred: - Then, that means geologists might have to revise their theories on how continents evolved.



A) Well, we also spend a lot of time outside the house, as you might have noticed.



A) Does this mean that Darwin’s theory of evolution might have to be revised?



B) We’ve been using solar energy for lighting for some time. Haven’t you seen the solar panels on our roof?



B) This has been so, especially in the Pacific Ocean.



C) Don’t you turn off the lights when you don’t need them? D) A water heater uses a huge amount of electricity. E) Actually, no one in our family likes brightly-lit rooms.



C) There isn’t much support for the theory. D) What exactly do you mean by “a continuous process”? E) So did most people until this fact came to light recently.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



10



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 52. – 56. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. 52. (I) Scientists who study tornadoes have a wide variety of powerful research tools at their disposal. (II) Moreover, they classify tornadoes based on the damage they wreak on manmade structures. (III) For instance, advances in computer technology make it possible to stimulate the thunderstorms that cause tornadoes. (IV) Doppler radars allow meteorologists to see the winds inside the storms, and modern video camera footage provides an unprecedented amount of high-quality documentation. (V) All these contribute greatly to the scientific understanding of tornadoes, which may eventually lead to increased tornado warning times, better guidelines for building construction, and improved safety tips. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



B) II



C) III



D) IV



A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



E) V



53. (I) Ancient seafarers found their way by observing landmarks, such as large rocks or trees, along rivers and coastlines. (II) When out of sight of land, they derived clues about their location by measuring water depth, monitoring wind patterns and wave shapes, and observing the positions of the Sun and the stars. (III) Later, navigators developed tools to measure a ship’s position and progress more precisely. (IV) They can choose from a great variety of hightech tools to determine their position on Earth and find their way from one place to another. (V) They used a magnetic compass to determine direction, measured the height of the Sun or stars on the horizon to fix their position, and plotted their progress and routes on nautical maps called “charts”. A) I



55. (I) While it lights our day and provides energy for life, sunlight can also be harmful to humans. (II) Particles flowing from the Sun can disrupt our planet’s magnetic field, and these disruptions can interfere with electronic communications. (III) Human skin is sensitive to ultraviolet light emitted from the Sun. (IV) Earth’s atmosphere blocks much of the harmful light, but sunlight is still strong enough to burn skin under some conditions, a major risk factor in the development of skin cancers. (V) Sunlight is also very harmful to our eyes, which can be damaged through a direct gaze at the Sun.



E) V



56. (I) Galaxies have three common shapes. (II) One is elliptical galaxies, which have an ovoid or globular shape and generally contain older stars. (III) Another, spiral galaxies, which contain both old and young stars, are disk-shaped with arms that curve around the edges. (IV) Astronomers believe that the Milky Way, of which our solar system is a part, is the largest galaxy. (V) Yet another type, irregular galaxies, have no regular structure, and their structures are believed to have been distorted by collisions with other galaxies. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



54. (I) The oldest known evidence of strange flying objects is from some cave paintings that were found in Europe. (II) Before the end of the 18th century, very few Europeans had dedicated themselves to the study of flight. (III) One was the Italian Renaissance artist Leonardo da Vinci. (IV) He was preoccupied chiefly with bird flight and with flapping-wing machines called “ornithopters”. (V) His aeronautical work, however, remained unknown until late in the th 19 century, when it could furnish little of technical value to experimenters but was a source of inspiration to aspiring European engineers. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



11



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 58. It is clear from the passage that ----.



57. – 60. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) the new panels have been on the market for a year



Solar panels turn the sunlight into energy when the sun shines directly on them, but as soon as the sunlight decreases, so does efficiency. A new antireflective film coating could help panels collect sunshine at 96 per cent efficiency from nearly any angle. The newly-developed film consists of seven layers of nanoscopic silicon and titanium-oxide rods arranged in increasing densities, with the topmost nearly as porous as air. This funnel-like structure captures light from almost every direction and focuses it onto the photovoltaic panel while also inhibiting reflection. The film, which is about one hundredth as thick as a human hair, could easily be applied to any solar panel and would help collect 20 per cent more light while eliminating the need for the expensive hardware usually used to rotate solar panels as the sun moves. Before the new film can be marketed, the nanoscientists who developed the film must find a way to protect the outermost layers from wind and heat, a process that might take another year.



B) the antireflective film makes it unnecessary to rotate solar panels C) the existing software has to be improved to make the new panels work D) it took scientists a year to develop the new coating E) the newly-developed software helps to rotate the panels and so capture more sunlight



59. One can understand from the passage that the newly-developed film ----. A) can only be applied to specially-designed solar panels B) is about a hundred times as thick as human hair C) helps panels to reflect a greater amount of sunlight D) works best with funnel-shaped photovoltaic panels E) has a layered structure, ascending order of density



arranged



in



an



57. It can be inferred from the passage that ----. A) antireflective films cause a decline in light absorption B) most panels in current use employ some inexpensive software which decreases efficiency



60. According to the passage, the panels currently in use ----.



C) even though the sunlight becomes weak, solar panels maintain their efficiency



A) can be made to work much more efficiently with the help of the newly-developed film



D) current solar panels are designed in such a way as to turn almost any form of light into energy



B) can capture enough light owing to their structure, which is as porous as air



E) reflection of light has an adverse effect on the efficiency of solar panels



C) lose much of their efficiency as a result of continuous exposure to wind and heat D) are positioned at a certain angle with the help of some expensive software E) have been specially designed so that they reflect light



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



12



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 62. It is clear from the passage that the main problem about biofuels ----.



61. – 64. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. The hope with biofuels is that they can offer a carbon-neutral energy source, because the crops that are grown for fuel will remove as much carbon from the atmosphere as will be released when they are eventually burned. This is basically the same thing that happens when we burn coal or oil. The difference is that in the case of the latter, the carbon was absorbed hundreds of millions of years ago, and this is part of the problem. Humans will take just a few hundred years to burn through tens of millions of years of oil deposits. To grow enough crops to keep up with our current demand will require lots of additional lands to be cleared for agriculture. If rainforests are cleared to plant sugar cane, all the carbon that is currently locked in the trees will be released. The other problem is that adding nitrogen fertilizer to these crops releases nitrogen oxide, which is another greenhouse gas. A recent study showed that burning maize biofuels actually increases greenhouse gas emissions for this reason. However, this is more the fault of the choice of biofuel crop and the production method rather than a flaw in the biofuel concept as a whole. The shrub “jatropha”, for instance, can be grown on land too poor for trees or other crops to grow on, and is already used for biodiesel in India, Cambodia, and some African countries.



A) is the consequence of a lack of sufficient nitrogen fertilizers B) is that the concept itself is faulty and should be discarded C) results from the choice of plants for biofuel and production techniques D) is essentially related to the methods used in the production of fertilizers E) arises from the limitation of biofuel crops to maize and jatropha



63. It can be understood from the passage that when oil or coal is burned, ----. A) there are few adverse effects upon the planet B) carbon-neutral exhausted



energy



sources



are



quickly



C) a significant amount of carbon is removed from the atmosphere D) there is less pollution than when any of the biofuels are used E) the carbon that was absorbed millions of years ago is released



61. According to the passage, the use of nitrogen fertilizers for agricultural purposes ----.



64. It can be inferred from the passage that ----.



more



A) the demand for biofuels is declining due to the many disadvantages they present



gas



B) plants used for biofuels can only be grown in fertile lands



C) has turned the maize into an excellent biofuel crop



C) clearing rainforests for sugar cane production seems to be the only way of reducing carbon emissions



D) helps to reduce greenhouse gas emissions resulting from fossil fuel use



D) the plant “jatropha” is a promising and more environmentally friendly source of biofuel



E) is a problematic and complicated process which is, nevertheless, desirable



E) sugar cane and maize are far better sources of biofuels than jatropha, which impoverishes the soil



A) makes maize-based environmentally friendly B) contributes emissions



to



a



rise



biofuels in



greenhouse



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



13



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 66. It is clear from the passage that fishing cats ----.



65. – 68. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) have a weak sense of direction compared to house cats



Cats are famous for their aversion to water. However, the fishing cat, a wild Asiatic species, has no such tendency. In fact, these felines, about twice the size of typical house cats, prefer to be in proximity to water, making their homes in the near rivers and marshes. As their name indicates, the cats fish for their meals, sitting by the water and tapping their paws to create ripples on the surface that resemble insect movements to lure their prey. Their webbed front paws help the fishing cats to remain dry while scooping fish, frogs, and snails out of shallow water. However, they also dive right in to grab large fish and birds in their jaws. Once in the water, the cats can swim on the surface or even glide underwater. Their flat tails, significantly shorter than those of house cats, serve as rudders, helping them to adjust direction below the water surface. Unfortunately, habitat loss and overfishing have decreased the number of these cats by about 50 per cent over the past three generations. Recently, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) changed the status of these cats to “endangered” from the less-severe “vulnerable”.



B) have tails longer than those of house cats C) tend to avoid large fish and birds D) have caused many fish species to become endangered E) have fully adapted themselves to a life in and by the water



67. According to the passage, the fishing cats ----. A) have been increasing in number at a rate of about 50 per cent a year B) reproduce at a gradually rising rate C) are regarded as a threat to the aquatic species they feed on D) used to be twice as many numerous only a few decades ago E) are no longer classified as “endangered” thanks to the efforts of the IUCN



65. It is clear from the passage that the fishing cats’ front paws ----. A) help them to adjust direction underneath the surface while chasing their prey B) enable them to reach their prey in shallow water without getting completely wet C) serve as a defence mechanism against attacks by enemies like large fish and birds



68. It is pointed out in the passage that, when a fishing cat hunts underwater, ----. A) it prefers marshes to rivers and other waters B) it knows exactly where big fish are C) its movements attract large numbers of fish



D) are relatively shorter compared to those of typical house cats



D) the ripples made by its movements are hardly distinguishable



E) make it possible and easy for them to find food even in dry and barren areas



E) it uses its tail to find the right direction



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



14



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 70. It can be understood from the passage that special markings on some flowers ----.



69. – 72. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) enable nocturnal animals to pollinate flowers It is to a plant’s advantage to be visually attractive to a specific pollinator so that those animals will seek out and concentrate on that particular plant during their search for nectar. This keeps pollen from being spread to other plant species, where pollination won’t take place. Flowers appeal to their pollinators’ sensory systems by using signals such as alluring odours or colours. Flowers pollinated by nocturnal animals like bats and moths, which rely more on hearing than smell and sight, usually have dull colours but powerful scents. Flowers pollinated by daytime animals like birds and bees, however, rely on a range of colours. Birds see a spectrum somewhat similar to ours but are especially receptive to red, so blossoms pollinated by them tend to be red or orange. Bees, on the other hand, see a different spectrum composed of yellow, blue, green, and ultraviolet. Flowers pollinated by bees, hence, tend to be in those colours and usually have special markings that are visible only in ultraviolet. Like runway lights, these markings guide insects to the right place to land and find nectar, and in the process, pollinate the plant.



B) repel insects with ultraviolet vision C) help certain pollinators to find the right spot to land D) are often misleading to the pollinators E) can be seen by both birds and humans



71. The passage makes it clear that animals that are active at night ----. A) follow and catch insects and moths by using their sense of hearing and smell B) have a strong sense of vision, which helps them to find food more easily C) see things that are invisible to other animals with the help of their ultraviolet vision D) rely on powerful scents to attract other animals E) are attracted mostly to flowers with dull colours but strong scents



69. According to the passage, birds ----. A) see a colour spectrum that is identical to humans’ B) are attracted to plants that have red or orange blossoms C) can see dull colours much better than bees and other insects D) play a little part in pollination E) and bees are far more sensitive to colours than insects



72. The passage is mainly concerned with ----. A) the significance of plants in the food chain B) the question of why birds and insects have common traits C) how colour and smell play a major role in plant pollination D) the kinds of nocturnal animals that are active in pollination E) the process of pollination that takes place in the plant world



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



15



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 74. It can be inferred from the text that ----.



73. – 76. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Lyuba was a special animal with unusual features



A 37,000-year-old baby mammoth could help to explain why the ancient species became extinct as well as giving an insight into climate change. Researchers at a Japanese medical school carried out a computed tomography (CT) scan of the mammoth, which was found frozen in Northern Siberia. They produced some high-resolution 3D pictures which are being analyzed to find out about the animal’s internal organs and diet, and to work out how she died. The mammoth’s tissues and skeleton have been studied at a zoological museum in Russia. Air samples from her lungs will also be analyzed for clues to the Earth’s atmosphere at the time of her death. The mammoth, named Lyuba, was found by a reindeer herder buried in permafrost. She is unusual because of the proportion of her body that is preserved. According to one expert working on Lyuba, with fossils, scientists generally get only bones and teeth, but this specimen is special in that there are also the organs and muscles. The same expert notes that it will be interesting to see how this animal managed to adapt to life high in the Arctic and was able to survive, especially in the Ice Age.



B) there were many animals left in the high Arctic by the Ice Age C) reindeer were the dominant species in Siberia some 37,000 years ago D) scientists have adequate information as to why mammoths disappeared E) most fossils do not provide pre-historic air samples



75. According to the passage, the organs and muscles of the baby mammoth ----. A) make the animal inapt for a CT scan B) will give scientists an insight into the survival and adaptation skills of the mammoths C) were found to be different from those of the other members of the same species D) did not provide any new insight about the species E) were found to be similar to those of the reindeer that lived in the same area



73. It is clear from the passage that the mammoth Lyuba is considered extraordinary because ----.



76. It is clear from the passage that the CT scan of the mammoth ----.



A) it had remained buried in permafrost



A) did not yield the expected result, as the animal had remained in permafrost for too long



B) a great part of its body was conserved



B) was carried out in northern Siberia



C) it was found by a reindeer herder



C) provided extensive information on the Earth’s atmosphere at the time of her death



D) its body was unusually disproportionate



D) is sure to offer scientists insight into climate change



E) it was a rather muscular animal



E) is expected to give scientists an idea about the eating habits of the animal



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



16



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Fen Bil. 78. It is clear from the passage that ageliferin is a substance ----.



77. – 80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) easily broken down by harmful bacteria Several years ago, biochemists studying marine ecosystems noticed something unusual: a sponge thriving in the middle of a coral reef that was dying from bacterial infection. The researchers identified a substance made by the sponge in order to defend itself from harmful microbes. They realized that it was a natural antibacterial molecule called “ageliferin”. This molecule can break down the formation of a protective biofilm coating that bacteria use to shield themselves from threats, including antibiotic drugs. Now the same researchers are using this natural compound to create innovative ways to fight drugresistant bacteria. They have recently modified the structure of ageliferin to make it more potent and formulated to help conventional medications combat otherwise drug-resistant bacteria, such as staph and cholera. The newly-developed chemical does not stop bacteria from proliferating, but it allows the antibiotic to work again. The researchers hope eventually to incorporate the altered ageliferin as a helper drug within commercial antibiotic products, allowing them to fight off formerly drug-resistant strains of diseases.



B) produced by a sponge found in coral reefs C) used in order to study bacterial infection D) helping bacteria to form a protective shield around them E) usually abundant in dying coral reefs



79. According to the passage, scientists are using ageliferin ----. A) although they wanted to discard conventional medications B) so that the natural compound can be used to save dying sponge species C) in case they altered the structure of the compound D) to develop new methods to fight drug-resistant bacteria E) as if it were more potent in combating otherwise drug-resistant bacteria



77. It can be understood from the passage that bacteria that cause infections ----. A) protect themselves from threats using a biofilm coating B) preserve their biofilm coating with the help of ageliferin C) break down the formation of protective biofilms of other bacteria D) defend certain sponge types against harmful microbes



80. One can understand from the passage that the newly-developed compound ----. A) helps ageliferin to proliferate in sponge colonies in coral reefs B) can easily be used to alter biofilms like ageliferin C) is currently used in most commercial antibiotic products D) is ruled out to be an effective way of fighting drug-resistant strains of diseases E) does not help to stop bacteria from increasing in number



E) have a naturally occurring molecule called ageliferin



TEST BİTTİ. CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



17



ÜNİVERSİTELERARASI KURUL YABANCI DİL SINAVI (ÜDS) 21 Mart 2010



İNGİLİZCE FEN BİLİMLERİ TESTİ CEVAP ANAHTARI A KİTAPÇIĞI



1. B



21. A



41. C



61. B



2. E



22. B



42. D



62. C



3. A



23. E



43. E



63. E



4. C



24. B



44. A



64. D



5. B



25. E



45. B



65. B



6. D



26. C



46. E



66. E



7. E



27. E



47. C



67. D



8. B



28. A



48. B



68. E



9. E



29. E



49. D



69. B



10. C



30. B



50. B



70. C



11. A



31. D



51. E



71. E



12. D



32. A



52. B



72. C



13. A



33. B



53. D



73. B



14. B



34. C



54. A



74. E



15. C



35. E



55. B



75. B



16. E



36. B



56. D



76. E



17. B



37. A



57. E



77. A



18. D



38. E



58. B



78. B



19. C



39. C



59. E



79. D



20. D



40. B



60. A



80. E



İNGİLİZCE SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ TESTİ 2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 5. This recent scientific breakthrough exposes every genetic mutation acquired by cancer patients over their lifetimes that eventually caused healthy cells in their bodies to ---tumours.



1. – 18. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. 1. For many years, Britain’s National Health Service has provided a basic standard of ---- at low cost. A) reversal



B) symptom



C) expenditure



D) expectancy



A) turn into



B) break up



D) wear out



C) go over



E) pass up



E) care



6. The existing shortage of primary-care doctors in the US leads to a shortage of health care that cannot be ---- with insurance of any kind.



2. The brain coordinates our speech ability so that it makes all the ---- sounds. A) competitive



B) confident



D) appropriate



C) degenerate



E) impetuous



A) wiped out



B) taken over



C) made up for



D) put off E) kept out



3. In cancer care, Britain still compares ---- with other similar countries in five-year survival rates after diagnosis. A) vainly



B) unfavourably



C) unreservedly



D) consciously



7. Even with the newly-announced policy, US scientists who ---- to study human embryos to learn more about infertility and genetic anomalies ---- government funding to do so.



E) infrequently



A) want / cannot use B) would have wanted / had not used C) will want / did not use D) had wanted / should not have used



4. Pathologists have found that different tissues, bodily substances, and foreign objects (such as bullets) ---- X-rays in varying amounts. A) diagnose



B) respond



D) exhale



E) wanted / must not have used



C) determine



E) absorb



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



18



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 11. Researchers realized that the Cuban experience with dengue fever through two separate outbreaks of the disease ---- that immune enhancement ---- even 20 years after the primary dengue virus infection.



8. A British scientific agency ---- that all red blood cells given as transfusions to children under the age of 13 ---- to remove any microbes that cause serious diseases. A) used to state / would be filtered



A) had indicated / must have been seen



B) has stated / should be filtered



B) indicates / had been seen



C) stated / will have been filtered



C) was indicating / would be seen



D) will state / were filtered



D) would have indicated / is seen



E) would state / have been filtered



E) indicated / could be seen



12. Following the recent death of a former Miss Argentina due to complications arising ---- plastic surgery, questions are being raised ---- the risks of such cosmetic procedures.



9. Usually the result of smoking, emphysema ---when the air sacs at the ends of a person’s air passages (the bronchioles) ----. A) had occurred / were gradually being destroyed



A) from / about



B) in / to



C) through / for



D) on / with



B) occurred / have been gradually destroyed



E) for / over



C) has been occurring / had gradually been destroyed D) occurs / are gradually destroyed 13. A prominent research scientist claims that limiting alcohol intake can improve the overall health ---- breast-cancer survivors, based on the belief that cancer risk may be increased ---alcohol’s action in raising oestrogen metabolism.



E) was to occur / would gradually be destroyed



A) from / with



B) through / over



C) of / by



D) about / at E) in / before



10. A modest amount of champagne every day ---- to have a beneficial effect on the walls of blood vessels, which ---- that champagne has the potential to reduce the incidence of strokes and heart attacks. A) is being found / has suggested B) has been found / suggests



14. ---- survivors of childhood cancer do seem to have a higher risk of heart problems, the individual likelihood of this happening is still fairly small.



C) had been found / would have suggested D) was found / had suggested E) will be found / suggested



A) Whether



B) If



D) Unless



C) Whenever E) While



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



19



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 15. The vast sums of money spent to fight diseases such as AIDS and malaria in the past ten years have saved many lives ---- have also sometimes undermined health systems in poor countries. A) whereas



B) since



D) but



19. – 23. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



C) unless



Not so long ago, doctors in the West were forbidden (19)---- remove kidney stones, since that was reserved for surgeons. However, the latest technology makes the distinction (20)----. Today, kidney stones can be dealt with by using a dose of shock waves to break them up ‒ with no cutting required. These waves are a particular sort of sound wave. More gentle sound waves, such as ultrasound, (21)---- in medicine to peer inside the body and produce images of internal organs. Now, (22)---- light rays focused by a lens can create extreme heat, so too can new ultrasound rays, generated from a specially-designed instrument, burn away tumours. Shockwave therapy, as it is known, is just one of a range of non-invasive techniques that reduce the need to slice people open in order to treat them. Such techniques promise to blur still further the (23)---- sharp distinction between physician and surgeon.



E) so



16. ---- climate change seems likely to threaten the entire world’s health, an ever greater number of political leaders are insisting that something must be done to stop it. A) Even though



B) Now that



C) Provided that



D) As if



E) Even if 19. A) about



B) from D) through



17. A study by the US Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration found that, among those ---- were seeking treatment for drug and alcohol addiction, the number of cannabis addicts rose from 12% in 1997 to 16% in 2007. A) whose



B) whom D) which



C) by E) to



20. A) inconsistent



B) irrelevant



D) particular



C) who



C) incoherent



E) contradictory



21.



E) what



A) will long be employed B) would long be employed C) had long been employed D) have long been employed E) would long have been employed



18. The term “health illiteracy” refers to the condition where a person knows ---- about medical information and how to use it that it negatively affects his or her access to the health-care system. A) few



B) as such D) so little



22. A) just as



B) even if D) although



C) many



C) as though



E) whereas



23.



E) a few



A) ambiguously



B) hastily



D) infinitely



C) formerly



E) rarely



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



20



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 27. ----, but two American experts on wildlife diseases have recently demonstrated the value for human health of having a wide range of animals available for study.



24. – 35. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz. 24. When the women’s Vitamin D serum levels were divided into four groups, ----.



A) Scientists have been looking at which species might act as reservoirs for influenza viruses



A) the researchers found that the lowest levels of the vitamin were associated with the highest risk of hip fracture



B) The scientific value of zoos is sometimes doubted by medical researchers C) Much animal research has centred on the complex carbohydrates found in cells



B) a low serum level of Vitamin D emerges occasionally in postmenopausal subjects who live in fear of hip fracture



D) A research project last year focused on the viral receptors of 60 species



C) the women who had hip fracture were recruited as part of the eligible study population



E) Researchers found several animals that carried both types of viral receptors



D) the study has highlighted the importance of maintaining good bone health to the fullest extent possible



28. Because the use of medication during pregnancy gives rise to safety concerns, ----.



E) the lowest ones have traditionally turned out to be the patients with the poorest profiles of bone health



A) further study is needed of the health benefits of pregnancy B) certain herbal preparations were also recommended for their anti-depressant effects



25. The question whether a particular drug action is called a side effect or a desired one depends on why ----.



C) high-quality purified fish oil capsules reduce the risk to such women of inadvertent ingestion of mercury



A) the doctor adjusts the dosage B) the drug is being taken



D) there is growing recognition that maternal health is of equal importance to the father of the unborn child



C) the patient has to take the drug in the first place D) some drugs must be used in combination



E) a group of doctors have decided to review the effectiveness and safety of alternative therapies for perinatal depression



E) people must have their blood tested before taking certain drugs



29. Despite the gloomy market predictions of some observers of the pharmaceutical industry, ----.



26. ----, which is categorized by insulin resistance and is a key factor in the development of many vascular diseases. A) Lowering triglyceride levels is often the first tactic in restoring coronary health



A) the sector’s giants face such a severe decline in sales that their entire business model is collapsing



B) Nitric oxide allows healthy blood vessels to relax and thus ensure smooth blood flow



B) the fundamental question is whether it is still worthwhile to invest in pharmaceutical science



C) The presence of a key enzyme within bloodvessel walls maintains an even heart rate



C) the chairman of the biggest Swiss drugs firm is convinced that new biotechnological advances represent a huge business opportunity



D) Hypertension is one of the dangerous disorders making up the metabolic syndrome



D) half of all the known diseases in the world, both physical and mental, cannot be medically treated at all



E) Non-alcoholic fatty liver is a constellation of conditions linked to higher death rates



E) the development of drugs that are tailored to individuals will involve tying manufacturing to the results of genetic tests Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



21



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 30. The American Army Corps of Engineers managed to control the spread of disease among the workers of the Panama Canal Construction Company, ----. A) in case the French wanted to learn how to treat yellow fever among their workers



33. ----, make sure the emergency-room doctor orders an MRI to rule out a brain attack. A) Believing that requesting an MRI without the authorization of the insurance company will be disallowed B) After you are discharged from the Department of Neurology with a certificate of perfect health



B) except the French had given up after yellow fever had killed many of them C) but the Americans had far lower mortality statistics than the French



C) Despite the fact that some young stroke victims have certainly been sent home from the emergency room without treatment



D) even if the prevalence of tropical diseases in that region had not been so serious



D) Since 15% of stroke patients have apparently been discharged with wrong diagnoses



E) of whom almost 20,000 came from the Caribbean island of Barbados



E) If you experience dizziness, sudden numbness, a severe headache, or trouble speaking or seeing while at the hospital



31. ----, scientists wondered if they might likewise benefit the retina, which has an embryologic association with the brain.



34. Regular exercise is one of the best sleeppromoting remedies, ----.



A) Unless patients suffering from neurological diseases object to their inclusion



A) but a late workout risks leaving you wide-eyed in bed



B) Since hormones are known to benefit brain health



B) as professional athletes train constantly for their particular sports



C) Only if hormones naturally occurring in the body are taken into consideration



C) when occasional exercise has been arranged by the person in charge



D) Although the restoration of optimal hormone balance may well support eye health



D) because the core body temperature takes several hours to change



E) Whereas the human brain is greatly affected by a variety of hormones



E) even though experts say it is better than taking a hot bath close to bedtime



32. ----, it will become more and more of a basic item in the kitchen.



35. In physical exercises to strengthen muscles, the best approach is to use a complete range of weights, ----.



A) Unlike the widespread acceptance of wheat, corn, rice, and oats by the population B) Although barley’s amazing properties have allowed this grain to endure for millennia



A) by which one must never give himself a false sense of progress



C) Since the American public has traditionally been slow to embrace barley



B) unless one’s muscles reach their full potential C) before the decision is made as to how much weight to lift



D) As new research reveals that barley can be a healthful addition to our diet E) If barley is not stored in an air-tight container in a cool place



D) so that exercise is always considered together with nutrition E) even if it means lifting a lighter weight



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



22



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 37. Guatemala is hardly one of Latin America’s poorest countries, but according to UNICEF almost half of all children in this country are chronically malnourished.



36. – 38. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz. 36. In poor and middle-income countries, the four million HIV-infected people who are now on drugs that are intended to keep the virus under control account for only 42% of those who need the drugs.



A) UNICEF’e göre, Guatemala Latin Amerika’nın en yoksul ülkelerinden biri olmamasına rağmen, bu ülkede çocukların hemen hemen yarısı kronik olarak kötü beslenmektedir.



A) Yoksul ve orta gelir grubundaki ülkelerde, dört milyon HIV bulaşmış insandan sadece % 42’si virüsü kontrol altında tutmak için, ilaç kullanmaktadır.



B) Guatemala Latin Amerika’nın en yoksul ülkesidir diyemeyiz, ama UNICEF’e göre Guatemala’daki çocukların yarısından fazlasında kronik beslenme bozukluğu vardır.



B) Yoksul ve orta gelirli ülkelerde, virüsü kontrol altında tutmayı amaçlayan ilaçları alan dört milyon HIV bulaşmış insan, bu ilaçlara gereksinim duyanların sadece % 42’sine karşılık gelmektedir.



C) Guatemala tam olarak Latin Amerika’nın en yoksul ülkelerinden biri değildir, ama UNICEF’e göre bu ülkedeki tüm çocukların hemen hemen yarısı kronik olarak kötü beslenmektedir.



C) Sadece % 42’si virüsü kontrol altında tutmak için ilaç kullanan, dört milyon HIV bulaşmış insan, yoksul ve orta gelir düzeyindeki ülkelerde yaşamaktadır.



D) Latin Amerika ülkelerinden Guatemala tam olarak yoksul bir ülke değildir; ancak, UNICEF bu ülkedeki çocukların neredeyse yarısının kronik bir şekilde kötü beslendiğini belirtmektedir.



D) Yoksul ve orta gelir grubundaki ülkelerde, HIV bulaşmış dört milyon insan, virüsü kontrol altına almak için ilaçlara ihtiyaç duysa da, sadece % 42’si bu ilaçları kullanabilmektedir.



E) Latin Amerika ülkelerinden biri olan Guatemala çok yoksul bir ülke değilse de, UNICEF’e göre Guatemala’daki çocukların yarısı kronik olarak kötü beslenmeyle karşı karşıyadır.



E) Yoksul ve orta gelir grubundaki ülkelerde, sadece % 42’si virüsü kontrol altında tutmak için ilaçlara gereksinim duyan HIV bulaşmış dört milyon kişi bulunmaktadır.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



23



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 38. A recent mental-health survey carried out in Europe suggested that two-fifths of French people suffer from serious depression at some point in their lives, so it is no surprise to learn that they swallow more anti-depressants per head than the Germans or the British. A) Avrupa’da son zamanlarda yapılan bir zihinsel sağlık anketi Fransızların beşte ikisinin hayatlarının bir döneminde ciddi depresyon geçirdiklerini gösterdi; bu yüzden Fransızların Almanlar ve İngilizlerden kişi başına daha fazla antidepresan kullandıklarını öğrenmek şaşırtıcı değil. B) Avrupa’da son yapılan zihinsel sağlık anketlerinden birine göre, Fransızların beşte ikisi hayatlarının bir döneminde ciddi depresyon geçirmektedir; bu nedenle Fransızların Almanlar ve İngilizlerden kişi başına daha fazla antidepresan kullanmaları hiç kimseyi şaşırtmadı. C) Fransızların kişi başına Almanlar ve İngilizlerden daha fazla antidepresan kullanmaları hiç de şaşırtıcı değil; çünkü, Avrupa’da son zamanlarda yapılan bir zihinsel sağlık anketine göre Fransızların beşte ikisi hayatlarının bir döneminde ciddi depresyon geçiriyor.



39. – 41. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz. 39. Omega 3 yağ asitlerinin yararları, birçok araştırma sonuçları ile teyit edildiğinden, gıda sanayi, satışlarını artırmak için, omega 3 asitlerini bebek sütünden margarine kadar her şeye koymuştur. A) Since various studies have suggested that omega-3 fatty acids are beneficial, the food industry had added omega-3 acids to everything, including baby milk and margarine, in order to increase its sales. B) As it has been confirmed by the results of a number of studies that omega-3 fatty acids are good for health, the food industry has responded by putting omega-3 acids in baby milk, margarine and other foodstuffs in order to have more sales. C) The benefits of omega-3 fatty acids have been confirmed by a number of recent studies, so the food industry has decided to begin using omega3 acids in all kinds of food, including baby milk and margarine, to boost its sales.



D) Beşte ikisi hayatlarının belli bir döneminde ciddi depresyon geçiren Fransızların, Avrupa’da son yıllarda yapılan bir zihinsel sağlık anketine göre, Alman ve İngilizlerden kişi başına daha fazla antidepresan kullandıklarını öğrenmek çok da şaşırtıcı değil.



D) Because the benefits of omega-3 fatty acids have been confirmed by the results of various studies, the food industry has put omega-3 acids in everything from baby milk to margarine so as to increase its sales.



E) Avrupa’da son yapılan bir zihinsel sağlık anketi, Fransızların beşte ikisinin hayatlarının bir döneminde ciddi depresyon geçirdiğini ortaya çıkardığı için, Fransızların kişi başına antidepresan kullanımlarının Alman ve İngilizlerden daha fazla olduğunu öğrenmek sürpriz olmadı.



E) In view of the recent studies that have shown the benefits of omega-3 fatty acids, the food industry has begun using omega-3 acids in all kinds of food, from baby milk to margarine, and so its sales have gone up.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



24



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 40. 12 milyondan fazla bilinen kimyasaldan 3.000 kadarı, çeşitli tür zehirlenmelere neden olmaktadır, ancak yüksek miktarlarda alınan hemen hemen her madde toksik olabilir.



42. – 46. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz.



A) Out of over 12 million known chemicals, some 3,000 cause various kinds of poisonings, but almost any substance taken in large quantities can be toxic. B) There are more than 12 million known chemicals and about 3,000 of them can cause various poisonings, although any substance consumed in big amounts becomes toxic. C) Since some 3,000 kinds of over 12 million known chemicals are poisonous, in fact any substance consumed in large quantities can lead to various poisonings. D) Although 3,000 of 12 million known chemicals can be toxic, the consumption in large amounts of any substance also causes different types of poisonings.



42. Recent studies have revealed that heart disease had plagued man long before fried hamburgers and cigarettes came along. For instance, the upper classes of ancient Egypt were riddled with cardiovascular disease that dramatically raised their risk of heart attacks and strokes. Doctors made the discovery after taking hospital X-ray scans of 20 Egyptian mummies that date back more than 3,500 years. ---- In some of the individuals, up to six different arteries were affected. A) Atherosclerosis is widespread today and, despite the differences between ancient and modern life styles, it seems to have also been common among ancient Egyptians. B) It was impossible to determine what kind of diet the Egyptians had, but it is known that beef, duck, and goose were often on the menu at this time.



E) Just as about 3,000 chemicals out of 12 million known ones have toxic properties, also any substance, if taken in large amounts, can cause a variety of poisonings.



C) The medical team, whose findings were published in a leading American medical journal, analyzed bones in the mummies to work out their ages when they had died. D) It was unclear whether atherosclerosis had caused the demise of any of the mummies in the study. E) The scans revealed signs of atherosclerosis, a life-threatening condition where fat and calcium build up in the arteries, clogging them and stiffening their walls.



41. Sadece kişinin sahip olduğu kilosu değil, aynı zamanda vücut yağının oranı da antibiyotiklerin vücut üzerindeki etkisini azaltabilir. A) The effect antibiotics have on the body falls sharply due to the weight a person has as well as the proportion of his body fat. B) Antibiotics have less and less effect on the body if a person has much weight and a high proportion of body fat. C) Not only the weight a person has, but also the proportion of his body fat may reduce the effect on the body of antibiotics. D) The antibiotic effect on the body is much reduced not only because of the weight a person has but also due to the proportion of body weight. E) It is due to a person’s weight as well as the proportion of his body fat that the effect antibiotics have on the body is reduced.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



25



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 43. A Belgian doctor, who gave a man a new life after he was wrongly believed to be in a coma for 23 years, has begun to re-examine dozens of other cases. He reports that he has discovered some degree of consciousness in other patients but will not say how many. ---- “It is unbelievably difficult to tell the difference,” he says. A) Not wanting to believe the Belgian doctors, the coma patient’s mother had taken him on five separate trips to the US for neurological testing.



45. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation has a special programme that provides motivation money for the development of ideas to improve the health of those living in poor countries. ---There were 76 winners of $100,000 each in the third round, announced in October, 2009. The inventions ranged from a type of chewing gum that can detect signs of malaria in a person’s saliva to remote diagnosis of pneumonia through mobile-phone microphones that record people’s coughs.



B) In the case of the coma patient, the man was put through a PET scan, which revealed his fully conscious mental state.



A) The programme, which has five rounds and is known as “The Grand Challenges Explorations”, is open to researchers from around the world.



C) Long before his intervention in the case three years ago, his patient had been declared by other doctors to be in a vegetative state following a car crash.



B) Since its inception, the Foundation has primarily focused on the improvement of hospitals and health services in African countries.



D) He sees around 50 cases a year, most of which focus on identifying the fine distinction between a vegetative state and minimal consciousness. E) Since what he describes as his “rebirth” three years ago, the coma patient has been able to visit his father’s grave to witness the planting of a tree.



44. ---- They treated the oesophageal cancer cells with curcumin ‒ a chemical found in the spice turmeric, which gives curries a distinctive yellow colour ‒ and found it started to kill them within 24 hours. The cells also began to digest themselves. Previous studies had suggested that curcumin could suppress tumours, although it lost its anticancer attributes quickly when ingested. However, the Irish study suggests a potential for scientists to develop curcumin as an anti-cancer drug to treat oesophageal cancer in particular. A) No relationship has been scientifically established between the eating of curries and the development of oesophageal tumours.



C) Scientists specializing in health issues often form research partnerships with university hospitals. D) One winner in a previous round has been awarded a further $1 million to enable him to continue working on his proposal. E) In fact, the Foundation does not release details of the area reports prepared by the researchers working in Africa.



46. When it comes to teenage births, the US is backsliding. ---- Between 2005 and 2007, however, it crept up 5%. While the rate is still well below its early-1960s bubble, experts are getting worried about the trend line. A) In the state of Texas, for example, the government requires only that public schools emphasize sexual abstinence. B) In 1960, before the advent of oral contraceptives, the rate in America was more than double what it is today.



B) American researchers had said in 2007 that eating curries might help stimulate immunesystem cells in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.



C) Between 1991 and 2005, the teenage birth rate declined by 34%, according to the National Centre of Health Statistics.



C) Cancerous tumours of the oesophagus are especially deadly, with five-year survival rates of just 12% to 31% being reported.



D) The state of Texas now has the third-highest rate of teenage births, after Mississippi and New Mexico.



D) Curcumin has been shown to cause oesophageal cancer cells to die by using an unexpected system of cell messages.



E) In terms of repeat pregnancies of teenage girls, the city of Dallas has the highest rate in the entire country: 28%.



E) Researchers at a cancer centre in Ireland have discovered that a molecule found in a curry ingredient can kill oesophageal cancer cells.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



26



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 48. Daisy: - You know, our government should follow the lead of others, like Portugal, and decriminalize the personal use and possession of all drugs, including heroin and cocaine.



47. – 51. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz. 47. Martin: - This is amazing! It says here in the newspaper that they are testing a new invention: a portable dialysis machine.



Nancy: - But wouldn’t that cause an explosion in the rate of drug addiction?



Anthony: - What’s so amazing about that?



Daisy: - ----



Martin: - ----



Nancy: - Really? If that is so, we must consider it seriously.



Anthony: - That should make life a lot more pleasant for them.



A) People wrongly tend to confuse decriminalization with legalization. B) No. On the contrary, Portuguese drug addicts rushed into drug-treatment programmes when the rules changed, and overall drug use across society has declined remarkably.



A) The kidneys are remarkably efficient organs of the human body, provided they work properly. B) Just think of the millions of lives saved through dialysis.



C) Actually, the Portuguese were fearful at first that the prestige of their country would be undermined.



C) Recent research shows that daily dialysis is better for kidney patients than the traditional monthly schedule.



D) In Portugal, the number of addicts registered in drug-substitution programmes rose from 6,000 in 1999 to over 24,000 in 2008.



D) You wouldn’t want to be tied to a machine in a hospital or a clinic for hours every day for the rest of your life, would you?



E) Despite the criticism from the opposition parties, the Portuguese government took this courageous decision in 2001.



E) Well, in the future, kidney patients will be able to carry with them a mobile device, like a phone, that will do the dialysis.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



27



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 50. Louis: - You should have gotten a flu shot last autumn. Then, you wouldn’t have become so sick with the flu.



49. Tom: - Do you know that there are 160 medical centres in this country dedicated to the needs of very sick children?



Margaret: - I’m not so sure it would have done any good, since every year a different type of flu attacks the world.



Randy: - No. What do you mean by very sick, anyway? Tom: - ----



Louis: - ----



Randy: - It’s sad to think that kids so young may never get the chance to grow up.



Margaret: - Then, you’re right; I could have spared myself a miserable two-week bout of illness.



A) For example, when I was ten years old, I came down with hepatitis and missed two months of school.



A) Actually, I have heard that there is a new molecular technique being used in flu-vaccine production.



B) Ten separate medical specialties have been assessed for quality at the top 56 children’s hospitals nationwide.



B) Every year, the US government organizes a campaign to ensure that more than 100 million Americans are given a vaccine against the flu virus.



C) These are kids with rare or life-threatening illnesses such as metastatic bone cancer or severe heart defects. D) The surgical death rate, for instance, is a category that children’s hospitals are judged on when the assessments are being conducted.



C) Don’t you know a sort of library of 27 billion antibodies was created from the blood of just 57 human volunteers in 2004? As a result, they were able to find an antibody for the SARS virus.



E) To a young patient at serious risk, factors such as the hospital’s reputation for managing complex illnesses matter a lot.



D) You know, the famous bird flu of 2007 turned out to be four separate circulating strains. E) The vaccine makers know that! That’s why they spend several months every year matching a new vaccine to the distinctive molecules on the surface of the latest mutation of the flu virus.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



28



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 51. Sally: - I recently read that there’s a lot of research, going on in China now, into stem cells from human embryos.



52. – 56. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz.



Sylvia: - That’s not surprising when you consider that, in their culture, embryos are not thought of as human beings. Sally: - ---Sylvia: - The international scientific community should do what it can to put a stop to that activity! A) I know it; that’s a belief that goes as far back as the great Chinese philosopher Confucius. B) In fact, I have always believed that stem-cell treatment is essential for some deadly diseases.



52. (I) Huge dust storms, like those that turned the air red across much of eastern Australia during 2009, spread lethal epidemics around the world. (II) For instance, dust storms originating in the Sahara Desert are thought to be responsible for spreading meningitis spores throughout semi-arid central Africa. (III) Higher temperatures and more intense storms are likewise linked to “valley fever”, a fatal disease contracted from a fungus in the soil of the central valley of California. (IV) According to the World Meteorological Organization, dust storms cause enormous damage to the ecology of forests. (V) Scientists now see such dust clouds as possible transmitters of influenza, SARS, and foot-and-mouth diseases. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



C) Many uneducated people in the West think stem cells are used to clone human beings and create spare body parts. D) Actually, a new technique allows scientists to create stem cells without destroying a human embryo. E) A number of proper clinical trials are being conducted, using stem cells for conditions like heart-muscle damage and liver disease.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



29



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 53. (I) The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria in Geneva channels money donated by affluent governments, including the UK and the US, to poor nations. (II) But in Uganda, in 2005, it all went wrong. (III) The money that most African governments set aside for buying and distributing medicines is too little. (IV) The Fund suspended all its grants to the country for two-and-a-half months after discovering that money was being stolen by officials in the Ministry of Health. (V) Future grants were made conditional on annual audit reports being produced by the government, which took three years to emerge. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



A) I



54. (I) British medical researchers recently looked at the records of more than 800,000 people who had been treated for high blood pressure between 2002 and 2006. (II) Those who took angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) were up to 50% less likely to be diagnosed with dementia, compared with those on other blood-pressure medications. (III) When they took their medicine in combination with the more commonly prescribed ACE inhibitors, the risk was even further reduced. (IV) Of those with an existing diagnosis of dementia, this same combination meant they were less likely to be admitted to a nursing home or die prematurely. (V) High blood pressure over long periods can lead to damaged blood vessels. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



55. (I) A leading pharmaceutical company recently announced that it had tested 13,500 molecules against the parasite that causes malaria. (II) Malaria has been known about since ancient times and has gone under many names. (III) Today, it kills over a million people a year, most of them young children. (IV) Where it originally came from, though, has been a matter of scientific debate for half a century. (V) It was in 1958 that a noted anthropologist first suggested that Plasmodium falciparum (the deadliest of the four or five parasites that cause human malaria) had jumped into people from chimpanzees 10,000 years ago. B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



56. (I) Just one of the problems facing government policymakers and health-care professionals is widespread ignorance about responsiveness to and tolerance for drug treatments in a population of over65s. (II) Clinical trials for new drugs rarely address populations of old people as a sizable component. (III) More importantly, there has been little attempt to encourage post-market studies of existing drugs in elderly populations. (IV) But even in the medical community, there is a lack of awareness about the high suicide rate among the elderly. (V) However, as they become the biggest demographic segment in society, new opportunities will emerge for pharmaceutical and related companies. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



E) V



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



30



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 58. According to the passage, the two proteins haemagglutinin and neurominidase ----.



57. – 60. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) are the most prevalent strains of the disease A new vaccine that may offer lifetime protection against the flu has shown promise in human trials. It works on the deadly type A strain, responsible for pandemics. Current flu vaccines work by giving immunity against two proteins, called haemagglutinin and neurominidase, found on the surface of flu viruses. However, as these proteins continually mutate, vaccines have to be reformulated every year to keep on working. The new vaccine, known as ACAM-FLU-A, gets around this problem by homing in on a protein called M2, found on all type A strains, that does not mutate so readily. The vaccine could be quickly produced in response to a flu outbreak. The doses can be mass produced and used at any time, because there is no need to identify the most prevalent strains. In theory, a single injection could offer lifetime protection. Whether this will work in practice is a matter for future trials.



B) home in on a protein called M2 that is present in all type A flu strains C) cannot mutate as rapidly as other proteins do D) are the active ingredients in the newly-developed vaccine E) require the development of new vaccines as they incessantly mutate



59. It can be understood from the passage that the protein M2 ----. A) mutates only when haemagglutinin and neurominidase mutate B) is common to all types and strains of flu C) does not mutate at the same rate as do other proteins found on flu viruses D) could be produced quickly in response to a flu epidemic E) can, in theory, be destroyed through forced mutation



57. One can understand from the passage that the new vaccine ----. A) has not yet been tested on humans 60. One can understand from the passage that flu vaccines currently on the market ----.



B) focuses on a protein that is common to A strains C) helps to identify the most prevalent strains D) does not mutate as readily as predicted



A) do not provide lifetime immunity to the type A strain of flu



E) cannot be produced in large quantities



B) have proven rather promising in human trials C) eliminate the need to identify the most prevalent strains of flu D) give immunity against the M2 protein E) are subject to future trials on other strains



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



31



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 62. According to the passage, the study made it clear that ----.



61. – 64. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. The loss of one sense encourages the development of the four others. This has now been demonstrated convincingly in a study by a team of doctors. During five days, volunteers taking part in the study were blindfolded and asked to carry out exercises designed to stimulate the sense of touch. When their brains were then tested using an MRI, an area of the visual cortex was shown to have been activated as if, being underused, this area was brought in to help the subjects when they had to rely on touch. About 24 hours later, after the blindfolds came off, the participants lost this aptitude. Previously, scientists had always believed that the brain was organized into distinct and highly-specialized systems. This new study, however, shows that the human brain has the ability to reorganize itself. In addition, the rapid reversibility of the process suggests that it is not based on the creation of new nervous connections but on the activation of previously inhibited zones.



A) the volunteers lost their aptitude when blindfolded B) the brain is organized into highly-specialized systems C) MRI tests yielded no reliable results on the activation of the visual cortex D) self-reorganization is an important trait of the human brain E) one of the five senses was usually more developed than the other four in humans



63. One can understand from the passage that ----. A) the loss of one sense forces the brain to reorganize itself B) the visual cortex is stimulated when under-used C) it took about one day for the subjects to get used to visual stimuli D) the subjects were people with poor or no eyesight E) new nervous connections are rapidly reversed by active zones



61. According to the passage, zones in the brain that were inactive before ----. A) continually undergo reverse processes B) activate the previously inhibited nervous connections



64. It is clear from the passage that the doctors blindfolded the volunteers ----.



C) become inhibited when used excessively



A) as if the subjects’ visual cortexes were shown to have been activated



D) are created by new nervous connections E) may become activated when one sense is lost



B) in case the subjects carried out exercises designed to stimulate their sense of touch C) so as to see how their sense of touch responded to the temporary loss of sight D) in order to see how long it took to lose a natural skill E) so that they could force the subjects to rely on their visual skills



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



32



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 66. It is clear from the passage that PTSD ----.



65. – 68. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) hinders learning and memorization



Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that can develop after exposure to a terrifying event or ordeal. While many scientific studies focus on the molecular mechanisms for learning and memorization, scientists need to address the “unlearning” process to tackle PTSD. Researchers have discovered that a receptor for glutamate, the most prominent neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, plays a key role in the unlearning process. They made this discovery in experiments where they trained mice to fear a sound by coupling it with an electric shock to the foot. They found that if, following this fear conditioning, the mice are repeatedly exposed to the sound without the electric shock, their fear eventually subsides. However, mutant mice lacking the gene-coding for metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) are unable to shake off their fear of the now harmless sound. The researchers believe that a similar mechanism might be perturbed in PTSD sufferers and that metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) may provide a potential target for new therapeutic treatments.



B) often results in partial memory loss C) results from changes in molecular mechanisms D) may result from a traumatic experience E) gives rise to terrible events or ordeals



67. According to the passage, scientists can deal with PTSD ----. A) by attending to the unlearning process B) if they focus more on learning and memorization C) unless they tackle their terrifying experiences that cause it D) in case they address issues related to unlearning E) through the deactivation of mGluR5



65. It can be understood from the passage that mGluR5 ----. A) might disturb PTSD sufferers’ learning mechanisms B) is essential in unlearning a previously-acquired behaviour



68. According to the passage, the mice used in the experiments ----.



C) makes mutant mice unable to overcome learned fears



A) lacked the ability to learn new behaviour



D) prevents PTSD sufferers from carrying out tasks like memorization



B) could recover from the fear conditioning only through shock therapy



E) is often activated through conditioning



C) displayed endurance to sounds accompanied by electric shocks D) eventually overcame their fear of the sound with the help of mGluR5 E) soon forget the difference in various kinds of sound



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



33



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 70. One can understand from the passage that the instructor proteins ----.



69. – 72. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) regulate lifetime blood vessel development A team of scientists have recently identified one of the molecules responsible for the tubular shape of blood vessels. Originally known for regulating blood vessel development for life, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) proteins analyzed by the research team have proven to be more interesting than initially thought. The team found that a certain variation of VEGF attracts an “instructor” protein. When this variant, with the instructor protein attached, docks with a receptor on the surface of a cell, a signal telling the cell to form a tube-like shape with its neighbours is sent to it. When the instructor cell is absent, the cells line up next to one another to form a sheet. Scientists believe that not only could this contribution allow blood vessels to be created from stem cells, but the discovery might be employed in other tube-like structures in the body, such as the lungs and the intestines. Far from being confined to blood vessels, the discovery thus opens the door to resolving the problem of three-dimensional reconstruction of organs from stem cells.



B) make the analysis of VEGF proteins easier C) are present in all cells found in organisms D) contribute to the vascular endothelial growth E) make cells form tube-shaped structures



71. It can be understood from the passage that the discovery ----. A) proves the impossibility of forming blood vessels from stem cells B) may only be used in blood vessel reconstruction C) excludes medical applications related to lungs and intestines D) could help scientists to rebuild organs from stem cells E) confines stem-cell research to the reconstruction of tube-shaped organs



69. It is clear that the study mentioned in the passage revealed that ----. A) VEGF proteins have functions which were previously unknown B) VEGF proteins help cells to form sheets



72. According to the passage, the absence of an instructor protein ----.



C) blood vessel development does not last a lifetime



A) causes receptors to form on the surface of cells



D) VEGF proteins help to identify molecules that give blood vessels their tubular shape



B) results in the forming of a sheet by cells



E) it is barely possible for VEGF proteins to regulate blood vessel development



C) helps cells to form a tube-like shape with its neighbours D) attracts VEGF proteins to stem cells E) helps cells dock with their closest neighbours



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



34



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 74. One can understand from the passage that drug addiction ----.



73. – 76. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. A study by a group of scientists has resulted in a major step forward in overcoming drug addiction. As addiction was known to cause molecular changes in the brains of addicts, causing their neurons to transmit much stronger signals of dopamine, a messenger molecule involved in reward-seeking behaviours, the scientists were hoping to prove experimentally that certain key proteins in the dopamine-producing neurons influence drug addiction. It was an inspired guess, as the study found that mice in which these key proteins had been selectively switched off displayed clear addictive behaviour. For instance, mice in which the CluR1 protein was switched off showed a much longer period of dependence. Conversely, re-administration of cocaine after a long break immediately re-ignited the addiction, but mice whose NR1 protein had been deactivated resisted relapsing into addictive behaviours. The ability of these proteins to determine addictive behavioural patterns makes them fascinating.



A) diminishes the strength of neural signals of dopamine B) switches off reward-seeking behaviours C) affects the molecular structure of the brain D) exterminates dopamine-producing neurons E) causes a selective deactivation of proteins



75. As can be understood from the passage, the discovery ----. A) could offer new ways of treating addictive behaviours in humans B) showed that addictive behavioural patterns are too complex to be classified C) proved the importance of refraining from long breaks between cocaine doses D) revealed that mice and human addictive behavioural patterns were completely different E) may, in the future, be used to re-ignite substance addiction



73. According to the passage, the NR1 protein in the mice involved in the experiment ----. A) helps to determine CluR1 protein levels B) could not be deactivated completely 76. It is clear from the passage that the CluR1 protein ----.



C) is found to have no relevance to addictive behaviours



A) excites new addictive behavioural patterns that previously did not exist



D) causes a relapse into addiction when active E) is currently the only substance used in the treatment of addiction



B) is the by-product of molecular changes in the brain C) requires the re-administration of cocaine D) immediately re-ignites the addiction when switched on E) can increase resistance to addiction when active



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



35



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sağ. Bil. 78. It can be understood from the passage that Vitamin D ----.



77. – 80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. A deficiency in Vitamin D is known to cause various diseases due to insufficient calcium or phosphate in the bones. Vitamin D is actually an umbrella term that covers a group of steroid molecules. Of these, only Vitamin D3 requires sunlight to synthesize. It is formed in the skin of all mammals when light energy is absorbed by a precursor molecule called 7dehydrocholesterol. A recent study found that at the height of summer, two minutes’ exposure of the face and arms to the sun, three to four times a week, could supply enough Vitamin D3. This rose to 15 minutes in the winter. Ironically, Vitamin D deficiency, which may also lead to skin cancer, is actually very common in some of the sunniest but most underdeveloped countries in the world. This is not because of malnutrition or a lack of dietary supplements, as most people mistakenly think. In fact, it is because very dark skin colour slows the rate of Vitamin D3 production by a factor of six, and people in these countries are usually heavily veiled when outside, as well. In addition, wearing sunscreen with a sun protection factor greater than eight will also block Vitamin D3 production.



A) is found in sunscreens with protection factor greater than eight B) is synthesized at a higher rate in people with darker skin colour C) has to be supplemented in the diet for the health of the bones D) might cause cancer when consumed in excessive amounts E) provides protection from both skeletal diseases and skin cancer



79. It is clear from the passage that ----. A) Vitamin D is absorbed only by 7dehydrocholesterol B) not all forms of Vitamin D require sunlight to synthesize C) some mammals cannot synthesize Vitamin D D) steroid molecules need Vitamin D3 to function properly E) Vitamin D3 production is increased by a factor of six in the summer



80. One can understand from the passage that ----. A) exposure to the sun in summer for even two minutes can cause skin cancer B) one should wear sunscreen in very sunny areas to facilitate Vitamin D synthesis



77. According to the passage, the high rate of Vitamin D3 deficiency in underdeveloped countries with plenty of sunshine ----.



C) the human body can synthesize Vitamin D3 all year round, including winter



A) may be prevented through the use of high-factor sun protection B) is mainly due to malnutrition



D) steroid molecules function better when combined with dietary supplements



C) is due to the fact that people are dark coloured and dress heavily



E) lack of dietary supplements is a major cause of skeletal diseases



D) can easily be blocked with dietary supplements



TEST BİTTİ.



E) results in the formation of steroid molecules



CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



36



ÜNİVERSİTELERARASI KURUL YABANCI DİL SINAVI (ÜDS) 21 Mart 2010



İNGİLİZCE SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ TESTİ CEVAP ANAHTARI A KİTAPÇIĞI



1. E



21. D



41. C



61. E



2. D



22. A



42. E



62. D



3. B



23. C



43. D



63. A



4. E



24. A



44. E



64. C



5. A



25. B



45. A



65. B



6. C



26. D



46. C



66. D



7. A



27. B



47. E



67. A



8. B



28. E



48. B



68. D



9. D



29. C



49. C



69. A



10. B



30. E



50. E



70. E



11. E



31. B



51. A



71. D



12. A



32. D



52. D



72. B



13. C



33. E



53. C



73. D



14. E



34. A



54. E



74. C



15. D



35. E



55. A



75. A



16. B



36. B



56. D



76. E



17. C



37. C



57. B



77. C



18. D



38. A



58. E



78. E



19. E



39. D



59. C



79. B



20. B



40. A



60. A



80. C



İNGİLİZCE SOSYAL BİLİMLER TESTİ 2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 4. Although China has, in recent years, made notable advances, particularly in manufacturing, agriculture will long ---- fundamental to the economy.



1. – 18. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



A) produce



1. Schools are one of the most important ---- of socialization on which peer groups and teachers have a major impact. A) degrees



B) rules



D) agents



D) remain



E) resist



E) advances



A) remarkable



B) redundant



C) progressive



D) contemporary



5. After the first book on chess was printed in England in 1475, the game ---- a more modern form in Europe, especially after the rules of the game were changed. A) set off



E) relevant



B) paid back



C) took on



D) came across E) ruled out



6. The Spanish Civil War ---- when the Spanish army in Morocco, led by General Francisco Franco, rose up against the democratically elected Republican government.



3. In Central Africa, the rains are ---- abundant in the southern regions, but they are reduced to a single very short period in the central zone and disappear almost completely in the extreme north.



D) solely



C) extend



C) customs



2. Human childhood is a ---- period of complex development during which a helpless infant becomes an adolescent.



A) reluctantly



B) differ



B) appropriately



C) scarcely



A) broke out



B) fell off



C) came along



D) turned on E) blew up



E) relatively



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



37



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 7. The pride which everyone ---- as they succeed in acquiring a new language should not make them any less proud of the native language they already ----.



10. The potential dangers of global warming ---- by a wide consortium of scientists, who ---- about its long-term effects on the planet.



A) is feeling / had



A) had been studied / might be increasingly concerned



B) feels / have



B) have been studied / were increasingly concerned



C) has felt / had had



C) will have been studied / would be increasingly concerned



D) will feel / are having



D) are being studied / are increasingly concerned



E) was feeling / would have



E) are studied / had been increasingly concerned



8. In some countries, girls who ---- school risk becoming victims of acid attacks, which can permanently disfigure their faces and hands – the only parts of their bodies that ---- in public.



11. Although book reviews ---- whether a given book ----, many works succeed commercially despite negative reviews. A) may determine / will be extensively sold B) are determining / is extensively sold



A) attend / may be exposed



C) determined / had extensively sold



B) attended / might be exposed



D) will determine / would have been extensively sold



C) will attend / had been exposed



E) have determined / has been extensively sold



D) are attending / were to be exposed E) had attended / are exposed



12. Swine flu is diagnosed clinically by means of the typical symptoms and the patient’s history ---association ---- people known to have the disease.



9. The history of science ---- by a chain of advances in technology and knowledge that ---- each other. A) had been marked / are always complementing B) has been marked / always complemented C) is marked / have always complemented



A) for / around



B) from / of



C) through / by



D) on / in E) of / with



D) is being marked / would always complement E) will have been marked / had always complemented



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



38



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 13. The people of rural Anatolia, who begin their preparations for winter as early as in May and June, continue right ---- the end of October ---- the collection, first, of firewood and then the preparation of foodstuffs. A) by / over



B) at / for



C) in / to



D) to / with



16. Parents normally do not have the fear that, in marrying their daughter or son, they are losing their child to someone else ---- a son-in-law or daughter-in-law arrives. A) in case



B) until D) so that



C) as if E) whether



E) after / about



14. ---- many people these days regularly use and rely on computers, many others do not even understand how the computer works. A) Though



B) When D) In case



17. ---- numerous reformist policies that have helped to improve the economic conditions in the country, the standard of living for the poor has improved very little.



C) Because E) If



A) Despite



B) Instead of



C) In connection with



D) According to



E) As regards



15. The world faces a future of “water wars” ---action is taken to prevent international water shortages and sanitation issues escalating into conflicts. A) as long as



B) whether



D) unless



18. A caricature is often a drawing or painting ---- a person is ridiculed by the exaggeration or distortion of his most obvious characteristics.



C) since



E) if



A) more than



B) in place of



C) by no means



D) in which E) as much as



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



39



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 19. – 23. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.



24. – 35. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.



A hundred years ago, some scientists claimed that (19)---- studying a person’s face they could assess his or her mental ability and personal traits. While this practice (20)----, scientists today believe that physiognomy – the study of the face and facialexpressions ‒ can provide clues to understanding social relationships. The face, (21)----, is the most distinctive feature of the human body, uniquely functioning as (22)---- an identity marker and a communication method. The human brain is (23)---suited to recognizing faces and facial expressions, even if it cannot always connect names and personal details to those faces.



24. As the use of the Internet has developed and expanded in recent years, ----. A) reading printed books has the advantage of providing a unique source of learning B) movie watching used to be more convenient and entertaining C) the audience has engaged in the same activity D) fewer and fewer people have turned to reading as a source of entertainment E) the immediate emotional reaction is usually the correct one



19. A) at



B) with D) in



C) by 25. Unless you have Turkish citizenship, ----.



E) over



A) you cannot be regarded as a foreigner



20.



B) you can permanently reside and work



A) has been discredited



C) you are obliged to vote in Turkish general elections



B) could have been discredited C) will be discredited D) should be discredited



D) you will be registered in Turkey as a voter after 18 years of age



E) had been discredited



E) you will not be eligible to vote in the elections



21. A) for example



B) as a result



C) otherwise



D) after all



26. Although it was once thought of as a luxury food, ----.



E) in conclusion



A) today chocolate is consumed by everybody since it has become much cheaper B) steadily rising prices have resulted in increased chocolate production



22. A) either



B) both D) more



C) also



C) the presence of caffeine in cocoa powder gave chocolate a mildly stimulating action



E) such



D) the basic cause of tooth decay is the excessive consumption of chocolate 23. A) particularly



B) vaguely



D) recklessly



E) more people consume chocolate in the winter than in other seasons



C) gradually



E) redundantly



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



40



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 27. When the plants are in flower, and you want to show them off at their best, ----.



30. Psychological research has made it clear in recent years ----.



A) fertilizers are most useful to help a plant bloom



A) if the goals of a whole generation of people were allowed to exceed their reach



B) be sure to protect your furniture by placing the plant pots on waterproof pads C) clean their leaves and trim off the brown tips with sharp scissors D) remove all the flowers by pulling them off



B) when each person will have been influenced by the cultural realities C) that to build hopes which cannot be realized is a sure way of creating frustration D) whether collective social goals would have been reasonable



E) they need more air circulation and daylight



E) to what degree the expectations of people will have been realized



28. Even though it was established in 1893 to display items from the World’s Columbia Exposition, ----. A) the official website has a section with information about local attractions and ethnic neighbourhoods B) the Field Museum has now become home to “Sue”, the most complete and best preserved dinosaur skeleton in the world C) printing, publishing, food processing and medical products help fuel the city’s economy



31. Facts and ideas brought in by total outsiders will tend to be rejected ----.



D) the Globe Theatre will have become the only building of culture and entertainment in the city



A) because groups generally pursue their own reasoning



E) visitors and residents alike can take advantage of the live performances in the Royal Palace Gardens



B) as long as there are some values common to the conflicting parties C) when there is no reason to believe that this is a universal principle D) as individuals should be manipulated much in the same fashion as material things



29. Despite the fact that short-term interest rates have marched steadily upward since the early 2000s, ----.



E) on condition that they lacked the time to acquire the discipline and form proper relationships



A) the result will be a sharp slowdown in consumer spending B) America’s overall inflation hit 4.7% in recent years C) the cost of a tank of petrol would have fallen dramatically D) they are still negative in real terms E) Americans have been able to borrow more and save even less



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



41



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 32. Pre-school programmes are an illustration of a carefully developed curriculum ----.



34. Puberty is probably the period of greatest resistance to adult authority ----.



A) that aims to recognize symptoms of old-age fatigue and to plan a balanced programme of activity



A) despite the fact that sensible rules for harmonious family living were helpful B) during which doctors felt that physical growth did not retard mental growth



B) which is based on the interests and needs of young children



C) in order to establish a teacher-student relationship which provides security



C) since they could have offered helpful advice to parents D) if children experience a growing urge to take part in adult discussions E) until children display substantial intellectual curiosity



D) since, with some boys and girls, it takes the form of actual rebellion E) because this brings slight modifications in the daily routine



35. In democratic societies, everybody should have the right to express and advocate his own views, ----.



33. It is asserted that human well-being can only be advanced ----. A) as if people had to be the architects of their own destiny



A) so that the good life was made equally available to all persons



B) before anyone even thought of building a better world



B) since nowhere is courage better demonstrated than in a crisis situation



C) as soon as governments exercised their just powers with the consent of the governed



C) in order that people become insensitive to violations of the law



D) no matter how threatening some of the new technologies may be



D) while they are few in number E) regardless of how unpopular they may be



E) if there is an unrestricted play of free intelligence upon all problems



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



42



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 37. Astronomical observations began soon after 3000 B.C. with the early civilizations of Mesopotamia, where the patterns formed by stars in the galaxy were recognized and named.



36. – 38. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz. 36. The game of golf, which is thought to have originated in the 15th century, has today become popular all over the world mostly as a means of socializing and prestige.



A) Astronomi gözlemleri, galakside yıldızlar tarafından oluşturulan şekillerin tanındığı ve adlandırıldığı Mezopotamya’nın ilk uygarlıkları ile M.Ö. 3000’den hemen sonra başlamıştır.



A) 15. yüzyılda oynanmaya başlandığı düşünülen golf oyunu, özellikle sosyalleşme ve prestij sağladığı için bugün dünyanın her tarafında tanınmaktadır.



B) Astronomi gözlemleri, Mezopotamya’daki ilk uygarlıkların M.Ö. 3000 yıllarından sonra galakside yıldızlar tarafından oluşturulan şekilleri tanımaları ve adlandırmaları ile başlar.



B) 15. yüzyılda ortaya çıkmış olduğu düşünülen golf oyunu, çoğu kez sosyalleşme ve prestij aracı olarak bugün bütün dünyada yaygınlık kazanmıştır. C) Bugün tüm dünyada, tamamen sosyalleşme ve prestij için oynanan golf oyununun, 15. yüzyılda ortaya çıktığı düşünülmektedir.



C) İlk astronomi gözlemleri, galakside yıldızlar tarafından oluşturulan şekilleri tanıyan ve adlandıran Mezopotamya’daki ilk uygarlıklar tarafından M.Ö. 3000 yılından sonra başlatılmıştır. D) Galakside yıldızlar tarafından oluşturulan şekilleri tanıyan ve adlandıran Mezopotamya’daki ilk uygarlıklar, M.Ö. 3000 yılından hemen sonra astronomi gözlemlerini başlatmışlardır.



D) Golf oyununun, 15. yüzyılda başladığı ve bugün tüm dünyada genellikle sosyalleşmek ve prestij kazanmak için oynandığı düşünülmektedir. E) Öncelikle sosyalleşmek ve prestij elde etmek için dünyanın her yerinde oynanan golf oyununun, 15. yüzyılda ortaya çıktığı zannedilmektedir.



E) Mezopotamya’daki ilk uygarlıklarda astronomi gözlemleri, galakside yıldızlar tarafından oluşturulan şekillerin tanınmaları ve adlandırılmaları ile M.Ö. 3000 yılından sonra başlar.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



43



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 38. Many claim that eating a certain amount of honey every day lessens complaints of hay fever as it reduces the susceptibility to local pollens and creates a tolerance towards them.



39. – 41. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz. 39. 1700’lerde küçük bir kasaba olarak kurulmuş olan Sao Paulo, yüksek rakım ve verimli topraklar sayesinde gelişen kahve üretimi nedeniyle, hızla büyümüştür.



A) Birçok kişi, her gün belli bir miktar bal yemenin, etraftaki polenlere karşı hassasiyeti azaltarak direnç sağladığını ve bu nedenle saman nezlesine ilişkin şikâyetlerin bazılarını hafiflettiğini iddia etmektedir.



A) Founded as a small town in the 1700s, Sao Paulo grew rapidly due to the production of coffee, which developed thanks to the high altitude and fertile soil.



B) Pek çoğunun iddiasına göre, her gün belli bir miktar bal yemek, etraftaki polenlere karşı hassasiyeti azaltarak onlara karşı direnç sağlamakta ve böylece saman nezlesi şikâyetlerini hafifletmektedir. C) Her gün belli bir miktar bal yemek, pek çok kişiye göre, etraftaki polenlere karşı hassasiyeti azalttığı ve onlara karşı direnç sağladığı için, saman nezlesi şikâyetlerini hafifletmektedir. D) Pek çok kişi, etraftaki polenlere karşı hassasiyeti azalttığı ve onlara karşı direnç sağladığı için, her gün belli bir miktar bal yemenin, saman nezlesi şikâyetlerini hafiflettiğini iddia etmektedir.



B) Due to the high altitude and fertile soil, coffee production developed so rapidly that Sao Paulo, which was a small town in the 1700s, became a big city. C) Although it was only a small town in the 1700s, Sao Paulo grew rapidly as a result of the coffee production in the fertile lands on the high altitude. D) No matter how small a town Sao Paulo was when it was established in the 1700s, it grew rapidly simply because of the high altitude and fertile soil which helped the production of coffee to develop.



E) Çoğu insan, her gün belli bir miktar bal yemenin, saman nezlesi şikâyetlerini hafiflettiği için, etraftaki polenlere karşı hassasiyeti azalttığı ve onlara karşı direnç sağladığını iddia etmektedir.



E) Sao Paulo, which was established as a small town in the 1700s, grew rapidly because of the high altitude and fertile soil that helped the coffee production develop.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



44



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 40. Her biri farklı öykü anlatan kadın portreleri ile tanınan Nuri İyem, Türkiye’nin olağanüstü yetenekli ressamlarından birisidir.



41. İlk insanlar, ateşi keşfedip pişirmeyi öğreninceye kadar, beslenme ihtiyaçlarını sebze ve meyve gibi gıdaları tüketerek karşılamışlardır.



A) As one of the extraordinarily talented painters in Turkey, Nuri İyem is renowned for his portraits of women who all tell unique stories.



A) Early human beings met their nutritional needs by eating vegetables and fruits before they discovered fire and learned cooking.



B) Nuri İyem, who is known for the women portraits, each of which has a different story, is one of the extraordinarily talented painters in Turkey.



B) Early human beings satisfied their hunger by consuming vegetables and fruits, at least until the discovery of fire and the learning of cooking.



C) Nuri İyem, who is known for his portraits of women, each telling a different story, is one of Turkey’s extraordinarily talented painters.



C) Vegetables and fruits were regarded to be the first food of early human beings until they discovered fire and learned cooking.



D) As an extraordinarily talented painter, Nuri İyem is a well-known Turkish artist, and the faces of the women he painted each seems to be telling us an individually unique story.



D) Early human beings ate food consisting mainly of vegetables and fruits before the discovery of fire and the learning of cooking. E) Early human beings met their dietary needs by consuming foods such as vegetables and fruits until the time they discovered fire and learned cooking.



E) Nuri İyem, well-known for his portraits of women who told him their personal stories, was one of the extraordinarily talented painters in Turkey.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



45



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 42. – 46. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz. 42. Intercultural communication in its most basic form refers to an academic field of study and research. It seeks to understand how people from different countries and cultures behave, communicate, and perceive the world around them. The theories developed by the researchers and academics can be and have been applied to many fields. ---- Many multinational companies need to know how best to structure themselves, manage staff and communicate with customers. Intercultural communication gives them an insight into the areas they need to address or understand.



43. Legal translations are one of the trickiest translations known. A legal translation will always need specialist attention, for law is culture-dependent and requires a translator with an excellent understanding of both the source and target cultures. ---- This is because there is no real margin for error; the mistranslation of a passage in a contract could, for example, have disastrous consequences. Therefore, the target text is to be read by someone who is familiar with another legal system and its language. A) Most translation agencies would always use a legal professional to undertake such work. B) Technical translations are usually more expensive than general translations as they contain a high amount of terminology. C) Some go as far as to say that legal translations are not really possible.



A) Working in a company brings to the surface many issues in terms of formal writing styles, business procedures and the like.



D) Due to the continuing evolution of the translation industry, there are now certain terms used to define specialist translations.



B) There are many respectable researchers and academics within the intercultural field, who naturally all have different definitions of “intercultural communication”.



E) A common misconception is that anyone who can speak a second language will make a good translator of legal texts.



C) The leaders of today’s organizations and businesses need to continually assess their financial budgets and make necessary adjustments. D) Demands for intercultural communication skills are increasing as more and more businesses go global or international.



44. From its humble origins in Africa, coffee has become the second most heavily traded commodity in the world. It is planted in more than 10 million hectares spread over fifty countries, where more than 100 million people depend on it for their livelihoods. Even though there are more than 100 species of coffee, only coffea arabica and coffea canephora are commercially traded. ----



E) The issue of diversity is now a matter of importance following changes in employment laws.



A) The coffee plant can grow to a tree that is as much as 5 metres tall. B) It is commonly held that coffee from various regions has distinctive flavours. C) Coffee production is an ancient industry with an enormous amount of scientific research behind it. D) Yet, within these two species, there are numerous kinds that are said to provide different flavours and qualities. E) Coffee gives many people some much-needed stimulation to get going every morning.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



46



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 45. Columbus’ arrival in the New World in 1492 was a disaster for the natives. ---- With no resistance to new germs, tribes rapidly were exposed to unfamiliar illnesses after their first brief contact with Europeans. In many cases, the number of the natives was vastly reduced without anyone even firing a shot. Where the tribes developed a closer relationship with the new arrivals, they were frequently tricked, tormented, and massacred by their visitors. A) Known as Indians, they were good at mixing herbs to make natural medicines.



46. One great achievement of Greek literature is Herodotus’ writing of history. No one before him had consciously attempted to write about the past. ---- The saga which inspired him to undertake anything so new and so difficult was the one which had overshadowed his own childhood and youth ‒ the clash between the Greeks and the Persians. A) This is the reason why he is rightly known as “the father of history”. B) That is why the earliest Greek philosophers were concerned chiefly with what we would call “science”.



B) They were most adversely affected by the Europeans. C) The Indian tribes became prominent in the story of North America as the Europeans spread westwards.



C) For this reason, Herodotus himself reported dubious information if it was interesting, sometimes adding his own opinion about its reliability.



D) They had natural immunity against most of the diseases.



D) As a result, he became a major source of inspiration for poets and story-tellers.



E) The colonists, consisting mainly of soldiers and traders, established an easy relationship with Indian tribes.



E) Because of this, he wrote his Histories in the Ionian dialect.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



47



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 48. John: - Hello! I’m going to visit Buenos Aires. What’s the best way to get around the city for sightseeing?



47. – 51. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz.



Travel Agent: - The subway is a useful means of public transport to help you get about.



47. Lisa: - Maria is back from Austria, and she says she’s been overcome by the glitter of the famous Austrian crystals.



John: - ----



Sally: - They are specially designed in order to maximize refraction, that is, the bending of light.



Travel Agent: - Well, it has a good coverage of most of the key tourist attractions, but you may have to change stations or lines.



Lisa: - How is this done?



A) Can I travel to any part of the city by it?



Sally: - ---- It constitutes 32% of the product.



B) From a central station to the museums downtown?



A) Producing different couture and home décor items.



C) I have heard that the shuttle buses are usually very crowded.



B) Crystal jewellery is perhaps the most exclusive item made out of Austrian crystals.



D) Is it cheaper to go by subway than by bus?



C) With the help of additional lead.



E) Do you think it is safe to travel late at night?



D) Well, some crystals radiate a rainbow spectrum through refraction. E) Coatings are applied in different ways to the Austrian crystals.



49. Kevin: - Did you pass your final exams last semester? Richard: - Yes, just barely. I was sure I had failed at least in two of them. Kevin: - ---Richard: - Actually, I was hanging out at my friends’. If I had failed, I would have deserved it. A) If you had studied harder, you would have passed them. B) I knew you would get the highest grades. Congratulations! C) So you will have to repeat these courses next semester. D) Do you mean that the questions were hard? E) But you stayed up so late studying throughout the week, didn’t you?



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



48



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 51. Manager: - Bill, are you having a problem getting here? I noticed that you signed in quite late three times last week.



50. Maria: - What’s wrong with this raincoat? It’s on sale. You can buy it for your nephew’s birthday. Susan: - It’s too long. It would drag on the ground if he wore it.



Bill: - I’m so sorry, but I now live far from here, and the buses do not run frequently.



Maria: - ----



Manager: - ----



Susan: - Good idea! Besides, I can get it for any amount I want. A) Why don’t you try the electronics department? There is a variety of electronic games there.



Bill: - I didn’t know I set a bad example. I’ll try to be in office in time. A) If you show up late again, you’ll have to stay overtime.



B) You’d better give up looking for a gift. Give him some money instead.



B) It may be so. Yet, your coming late has an adverse effect on other staff members.



C) If you wait until the last minute, you can’t find anything, of course.



C) Everybody appreciates the way I run this workplace.



D) Yes, it would. Instead, I suggest you get him a gift card. Then he can buy whatever he wants.



D) You know, I don’t want to hear excuses.



E) If I were you, I would ask him what he really wants.



E) Other workers have always been quite understanding though.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



49



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 52. – 56. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. 52. (I) According to the Chinese tradition, time has a cyclical movement that is divided over twelve periods, and each of these is represented by a zodiacal animal. (II) The belief in the zodiac sign means that you accept the fact that an individual born in the year of a particular animal has its traits. (III) Officially, however, China has adopted the Gregorian calendar, which is in use throughout the country. (IV) The ancient philosophers observed each of the zodiac animals in its natural environment and drew the characteristics displayed by animals. (V) Then they drew a similitude between human nature and those characteristics that were found in the zodiac animals. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



54. (I) Ideas or statements that may be false or exaggerated and that are used in order to gain support for a political leader, party, etc. are referred to as “propaganda”. (II) Propagandists emphasize the elements of information that support their position and de-emphasize or exclude those that do not. (III) In Germany, the Nazis censored information in the 1930s and incited hatred against the non-Nazis. (IV) Misleading statements and even lies may be used to create the desired effect in the public. (V) Lobbying, advertising, and missionary activity are all forms of propaganda, but the term is most commonly used in the political arena. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



E) V



53. (I) Man has always taken a keen interest in oceanographic studies. (II) Apart from fish and coral, with their colours and lifestyles, seashells are like jewels in the multi-coloured world beneath the waves. (III) Besides the familiar ones, there are thousands more or less known shells whose beauty would astound us. (IV) Out of over 100,000 shell varieties, some were used as currency in former times because of their pleasing colours and elegance. (V) Nowadays they are mostly used as decoration in our homes. A) I



55. (I) In the early 1880s, George Nagelmackers, a young Belgian railway enthusiast, following the example of George Mortimer Pullman in Britain, began building luxury railway carriages for travel across continental Europe. (II) In 1881, Nagelmackers introduced the first restaurant car aboard a continental train. (III) On October 4, 1883, the first Orient-Express train service was inaugurated. (IV) The legendary train was at its heyday in the 1920s and 1930s when royalty, celebrities, courtesans and spies intermingled as they travelled across Europe, enjoying the train service’s elaborate meals and fine wines. (V) The most famous of them was Agatha Christie’s novel Murder on the Orient Express, in which her detective Hercule Poirot investigated the murder of a passenger.



56. (I) According to ancient Egyptian beliefs, having a well-preserved dead body was very important in order to ensure a blissful afterlife. (II) For this reason, one of the most elaborate burial customs that was practised by the Egyptians was the act of mummification; that is, the preservation of a dead body by using several substances. (III) After a few preliminary steps, the body would be thoroughly dried out by the heat of the sand which eliminated all fungi and bacteria from the body, thus making it immune to decay. (IV) Grave robbery has been very popular, because the dead were buried along with many valuable items. (V) However, it was reserved for the richest and most powerful in Egyptian society for the process was long and expensive. A) I



B) II



C) III



D) IV



E) V



E) V



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



50



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 58. It is clearly emphasized in the passage that one of the EU’s primary aims in establishing ties with Latin America was to ----.



57. – 60. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Several EU member states enjoy long-standing political and economic links with Latin America. In fact, it was in the 1960s and 1970s that the EU first began expanding its ties to the region through a series of diplomatic initiatives and agreements aimed at promoting democracy, addressing development issues, and boosting trade and investment. Moreover, the EU actively worked for peace in the troubled Central American region in the 1980s. In the meantime, the accession in 1986 of Spain and Portugal to the EU further strengthened region-toregion ties. EU engagement in Latin America increased during the 1990s as a formal political dialogue was put in place to advance issues of common interest, including how the EU and Latin America together can act in concert with other nations and international organizations to address global issues and challenges.



A) encourage Latin American investors to play a major role in the European economy B) promote peace and security throughout the region C) have the support of the Latin American countries in dealing with other nations D) contribute to the development of democracy in the region E) expand its diplomatic activities in each country of the region



59. In the passage, attention is drawn to the fact that ----. A) the EU plays a constructive part in the development of trade between Latin America and other countries in the world B) the Latin American countries would face serious difficulties in their relations with other nations if they did not cooperate with the EU



57. According to the passage, the EU’s relations with Latin America ----.



C) a formal political dialogue between the EU and Latin America would in fact have been developed well before the EU membership of Spain and Portugal



A) have developed so fast that a number of issues concerning the two regions can now be much easily resolved



D) the growth of trade between the EU states and the Latin American countries reached a record level in the 1980s



B) reached their most productive and mutually satisfactory stage before Spain and Portugal became EU members



E) the political and economic ties between Latin America and a number of EU member states have a long historical past



C) have followed a pattern of increasing cooperation between the two regions since the 1960s and 1970s



60. In the passage, the author describes ----.



D) could develop fruitfully only after Spain and Portugal joined the EU and began to establish links with various Latin American countries



A) how the relations between the EU and Latin America have developed over several decades B) why the Latin American countries needed the support of the EU in order to solve their regional problems



E) have caused much concern to other nations and international organizations which had already established profitable trade links with Latin America



C) to what extent the Latin American economy was improved through EU investments D) in what ways the EU member states benefited from their political and economic links with Latin America E) the global issues and challenges that immediately concerned the EU states and the Latin American countries Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



51



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 62. We understand from the passage that ----.



61. – 64. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) Antonio Stradivari was distinguished as a skilful violin player



For the past 300 years, musicians and scientists have puzzled over the unparalleled quality of classical Cremonese violins made by the Italian master Antonio Stradivari. These classical violins have become the benchmark against which the sound of all other violins is compared. There are many theories as to the “secret” of Stradivarius violins. What was obviously first explored was the exact size of the violins and ratio of the parts to each other. Although instrument makers have disassembled their violins, calibrated every dimension of the pieces to within the hundredth of an inch, and replicated the measurements perfectly in new instruments, they have failed to duplicate the Stradivarius magic. It is also well-known that the density of the material through which a sound propagates influences significantly the vibration efficiency of the material, therefore the tonal qualities of the instrument. It is also a widely held belief that Stradivari’s well-guarded varnish formula was not just a protective coating of the instrument, but actually the most important secret to his violins.



B) Antonio Stradivari failed to achieve the quality of classical Cremonese violins C) the exact size of Stradivarius violins was reproduced only after 300 years D) it has been a professional challenge to understand the nature of Stradivarius violins E) some violin makers have claimed to have discovered the “secret” of Stradivarius violins



63. It is clearly pointed out in the passage that the quality of Stradivarius violins ----. A) has been measured according to the standards specified almost 300 years ago B) has only been equalled in very recent times C) is a criterion by which the quality of sound of all violins is measured D) is by no means a standard one E) is rarely appreciated except by those who play a violin



61. It is stressed in the passage that ----.



64. According to the passage, there is a close relationship between ----.



A) the real secret to Stradivarius violins has later been revealed to be the varnish formula



A) the density of the material of a violin and the tonal quality



B) what actually makes Stradivarius violins unique is still a mystery



B) the protective coating of a violin and the vibration efficiency



C) the high quality of Stradivarius violins has only been successfully copied after 300 years



C) the exact size of the violin and the instrument maker



D) the basic reason for the Stradivarius quality was the density of the material used E) if contemporary instrument makers were able to duplicate the exact ratio of the Stradivarius violin, they would produce its equal in the quality of sound



D) the value of a Stradivarius violin and the material it is made of E) Cremonese violins and all other violins



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



52



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 66. We can infer from the passage that public relations officers ----.



65. – 68. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. A company’s public relations officer is responsible for creating and maintaining relationships between clients and customers. Through areas such as brand management, advertising, media relations and crisis management, public relations officers seek to foster interest, trust and belief in the company and its products. They are aware of how best to carry this out when dealing within their own nations and cultures. However, when dealing with a foreign audience, it is critical that cross-cultural differences are recognized. By way of illustrating the impact cross-cultural awareness can have on the success or failure of a public relations campaign, a brief example can be cited: an American company tried to sell its toothpaste in Southeast Asia by emphasizing that it “whitens your teeth”. They found out that the local natives chew betel nuts to blacken their teeth because they found it attractive.



A) had better aim at a foreign audience instead of at a domestic one B) need to consider the effects of advertising on brand management C) knew why Southeast Asian local people were so strange D) need to understand fully the cultural characteristics of their own people as well as of other peoples E) are only employed by a few companies



67. We can understand from the passage that the failure of the toothpaste campaign in Southeast Asia could have been avoided if ----. A) the public relations officers had considered the importance of a toothpaste 65. It is understood from the passage that the activity of public relations ----. A) is especially necessary when dealing with local natives



B) the media had been more influential on people C) the company had analyzed the cross-cultural issues D) the company had not gone through a crisis E) the customers had been more responsible



B) is threatened particularly during an economic crisis C) has only gained importance in recent years D) needs face-to-face communication training E) involves multi-directional activities



68. From the passage, we learn that ----. A) Asian people never use foreign brand toothpastes B) in some cases, local culture can be far more effective on marketing C) the best way to naturally whiten teeth is to chew betel nuts D) recognizing cultural differences can easily lead to failure E) public relations campaigns generally prove to be useless



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



53



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 70. The passage indicates that ----.



69. – 72. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) in the Agta tribes there is nothing more important than having children



The Agta Negritos of the Philippines, a present-day tribal people, are an example of a culture whose women and men share all subsistence activities. Most interestingly, the Agta Negritos women hunt large game with bows, arrows, and hunting dogs. The women are prevented from hunting only during late pregnancy and the first few months after giving birth. Teenagers and women with older children are the most frequent hunters. The women space their children to allow for maximum mobility. They keep their birth rate down through the use of herbal contraceptives. By studying these ethnographic examples and by questioning the assumptions that have been made about female and male roles in prehistory, anthropologists have concluded that Western society’s traditionally low view of women’s status is by no means universal.



B) the Agta teenagers are brought up with Western values C) the Agta tribes keep to the prehistoric male and female roles D) the Agta people are aware of birth control E) the Agta women have learned how to use modern hunting tools



71. It is understood from the passage that ----. A) when a woman has advanced pregnancy, she has to give up her hunting activities B) the mothers are in control of the activities of their children C) women who give birth are expected to devote themselves to their children D) children can go hunting with their mothers even when they are babies E) anthropologists are very concerned about the Agta men’s treatment of their women



69. We can infer from the passage that among the Agta people, ----. A) gender roles are unlike those in the West



72. According to the passage, ----.



B) women cannot compete in hunting with men



A) there is a great similarity between the Western and Agta perceptions of women’s social status



C) women’s status is superior to men’s D) women do not hunt after giving birth



B) the hunting skill is the basic criterion that distinguishes men from women



E) male and female roles are completely separated



C) hunting tools can be interpreted as symbols of male power D) ethnographers’ assumptions on prehistoric gender roles are correct E) the Western gender concept conflicts with the Agta people’s view about male and female roles



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



54



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 74. From the passage, we can infer that ----.



73. – 76. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.



A) pictures taken by satellites can provide scientists with valuable new data



Satellite images of the upper Amazon Basin in Brazil taken since 1999 have revealed hundreds of circles, squares, and other geometric shapes once hidden by the Amazon rain forests. They hint at a previously unknown ancient society that flourished in the Amazon. Now researchers estimate that nearly ten times as many such structures, of unknown purpose, may exist undetected under the Amazon forest cover. The discovery adds to evidence that the hinterlands of the Amazon once teemed with complex societies, which were largely wiped out by diseases brought to South America by European colonists in the 15th and th 16 centuries. Since these vanished societies had gone unrecorded, earlier research had suggested that soils in the upper Amazon were too poor to support the extensive agriculture needed for such large, permanent settlements. The researchers say “We found that this view is wrong, and there is a lot more to discover in these places”.



B) there is no longer any reason to further investigate the upper Amazon Basin C) the ancient Amazon people lived in extreme isolation from the outer world D) researchers can learn a lot from the written historical data relating to the region E) the geometric shapes should not be taken too seriously



75. It is clearly understood from the passage that the ancient Amazon people ----. A) killed large numbers of would-be colonists B) had no resistance to new diseases 73. According to the passage, the new discovery ----.



C) hid themselves in the Amazon rain forest



A) has strengthened the already known facts about the upper Amazon Basin



D) led a very simple life and lived as separate tribes



B) is too poor to become an evidence for the ancient Amazon society



E) are the ancestors of the present-day inhabitants of the region



C) has proved that the satellite pictures were misleading D) has falsified the previous assumptions about the land E) indicates the fact that the upper Amazon Basin was made of geometric shapes



76. As can be understood from the passage, the researchers now tend to think that ----. A) they have revealed almost everything about the region B) the natives had no idea about agriculture C) the colonists helped the natives become civilized D) the geometric shapes reveal something about the new industrial areas E) the land might have once been inhabited densely



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



55



2010-ÜDS İlkbahar / İNG-Sos. Bil. 78. According to the passage, the 9/11 terrorist attacks ----.



77. – 80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız. Following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, Americans understandably rallied around the flag. Having just suffered the deadliest attack ever on the US soil, a great majority of the people believed another attack was imminent. But Americans also had enormous faith the “Global War on Terror” would help keep them safe. Just one month after 9/11, for instance, 94 per cent of Americans fully approved of how the fight against terrorism was being handled. The United States then quickly went to war in Afghanistan, closing down a terrorist camp and capturing or killing a number of high-level al Qaeda operatives in the process. However, since 2001, terrorists have found their targets on almost every continent, with bombings in Bali, London, Madrid, Istanbul, and elsewhere. Now Americans appear less convinced that their country is winning the war on terror. In the face of persisting threats, including a growing number of terrorist attacks around the world, numerous reports show that Americans are losing faith in their government’s ability to wage the war successfully and to protect them from the terrorists’ next major attack.



A) could have been prevented if the al Qaeda operatives had been captured in time B) made the American people united as a nation and feel more patriotic C) were part of a series of terrorist acts planned in advance by the al Qaeda leaders D) demonstrated the fact that the United States was more vulnerable to terrorism than any other country in the world E) convinced the al Qaeda operatives that the United States would be an easy target in the future 79. It is stressed in the passage that, for the al Qaeda leaders, ----. A) any part of the world could be a target for their attacks B) the war in Afghanistan is causing much damage to their operatives C) their future attacks must focus on the American homeland D) more threats from them will turn the American people against their government E) their attacks on a number of cities, including Istanbul, were not effective at all



80. As can be clearly understood from the passage, in the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks, almost all the Americans ----.



77. As pointed out in the passage, since terrorist attacks and threats have not ceased in the world, ----.



A) thought that America’s invasion of Afghanistan would be futile



A) the American government is convinced that some major cities in the country can be the targets of terrorist attacks



B) were disappointed with their government’s policies



B) the United States has stepped up its operations in Afghanistan in order to capture the al Qaeda operatives



C) believed that their country was still the safest place in the world



C) Americans are very concerned about the security and success of their forces in Afghanistan



D) supported the way the war on terror was being carried out



D) the American people hardly believe that the government will be able to win the war on terror



E) believed that the government would soon bring the war on terror to an end



E) it is admitted by all the governments that the socalled “Global War on Terror” will last indefinitely



TEST BİTTİ. CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.



Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.



A



56



ÜNİVERSİTELERARASI KURUL YABANCI DİL SINAVI (ÜDS) 21 Mart 2010



İNGİLİZCE SOSYAL BİLİMLER TESTİ CEVAP ANAHTARI A KİTAPÇIĞI



1. D



21. D



41. E



61. B



2. A



22. B



42. D



62. D



3. E



23. A



43. A



63. C



4. D



24. D



44. D



64. A



5. C



25. E



45. B



65. E



6. A



26. A



46. A



66. D



7. B



27. C



47. C



67. C



8. A



28. B



48. A



68. B



9. C



29. D



49. E



69. A



10. D



30. C



50. D



70. D



11. A



31. A



51. B



71. A



12. E



32. B



52. C



72. E



13. D



33. E



53. A



73. D



14. A



34. D



54. C



74. A



15. D



35. E



55. E



75. B



16. B



36. B



56. D



76. E



17. A



37. A



57. C



77. D



18. D



38. D



58. D



78. B



19. C



39. A



59. E



79. A



20. A



40. C



60. A



80. D





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