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BURGLRY AND HOW TO AVOID IT A recent survey of crime statistics shows that we are all more likely to be burgled now than 20 years ago and the police advise everyone to take a few simple precautions to protect their homes. The first fact is that burglars and other intruders prefer easy opportunities, like a house which is very obviously empty. This is much less of a challenge than an occupied house, and one which is well-protected. A burglar will wonder if it is worth the bother. There are some general tips on how to avoid your home becoming another crime statistic. Avoid leaving signs that your house is empty. When you have to go out, leave at least one light on as well as a radio or television, and do not leave any curtains wide open. The sight of your latest music centre or computer is enough to tempt any burglar. Never leave a spare key in a convenient hiding place. The first place a burglar will look is under the doormat or in a flower pot and even somewhere more 'imaginative' could soon be uncovered by the intruder. It is much safer to leave a key with a neighbour you can trust. But if your house is in a quiet, desolate area be aware that this will be a burglar's dream, so deter any potential criminal from approaching your house by fitting security lights to the outside of your house. But what could happen if, in spite of the aforementioned precautions, a burglar or intruder has decided to target your home? Windows are usually the first point of entry for many intruders. Downstairs windows provide easy access while upstairs windows can be reached with a ladder or by climbing up the drainpipe. Before going to bed you should double-check that all windows and shutters are locked. No matter how small your windows may be, it is surprising what a narrow gap a determined burglar can manage to get through. For extra security, fit window locks to the inside of the window. What about entry via doors? Your back door and patio doors, which are easily forced open, should have top quality security locks fitted. Even though this is expensive it will be money well spent. Install a burglar alarm if you can afford it as another line of defence against intruders. A sobering fact is that not all intruders have to break and enter into a property. Why go to the trouble of breaking in if you can just knock and be invited in? Beware of bogus officials or workmen and, particularly if you are elderly, fit a chain and an eye hole so you can scrutinize callers at your leisure. When you do have callers never let anybody into your home unless you are absolutely sure they are genuine. Ask to see an identity card, for example. If you are in the frightening position of waking in the middle of the night and think you can hear an intruder, then on no account should you approach the intruder. Far better to telephone the police and wait for help. Choose the right answer 1 A well-protected house: Select one: a. is less likely to be burgled. b. is regarded as a challenge by most criminals. c. is a lot of bother to maintain. d. is very unlikely to be burgled. According to the writer, we should: Select one:



a. avoid leaving our house empty. b. only go out when we have to. c. always keep the curtains closed. d. give the impression that our house is occupied when we go out. The writer thinks that hiding a key under a doormat or flower pot: Select one: a. is a predictable place to hide it. b. is a useful place to hide it. c. is imaginative. d. is where you always find a spare key. According to the writer, window locks, security locks and burglar alarms: Select one: a. cost a lot of money but are worth it. b. are good value for money. c. are luxury items. d. are absolutely essential items. The writer argues that fitting a chain and an eye hole: Select one: a. will prevent your home being burgled. b. avoids you having to invite people into your home. c. is only necessary for elderly people. d. gives you time to check if the visitor is genuine. THE CONCEPT OF TIME If you can read a clock, you can know the time of day. But no one knows what time itself is. We cannot see it. We cannot touch it. We cannot hear it. We know it only by the way we mark its passing. For all our success in measuring the smallest parts of time, time remains one of the great mysteries of the universe. One way to think about time is to imagine a world without time. There could be no movement, because time and movement cannot be separated. A world without time could exist only as long as there were no changes. For time and change are linked. We know that time has passed when something changes. In the real world, the world with time, changes never stop. Some changes happen only once in a while, like an eclipse of the moon. Others happen repeatedly, like the rising and setting of the sun. Humans always have noted natural events that repeat themselves. When people began to count such events, they began to measure time. In early human history, the only changes that seemed to repeat themselves evenly were the movements of objects in the sky. The most easily seen result of these movements was the difference between light and darkness. The sun rises in the eastern sky, producing light. It moves across the sky and sinks in the west, causing darkness. The appearance and disappearance of the sun was even and unfailing. The periods of light and darkness it created were the first accepted periods of time. We have named each period of light and darkness: one day.



People saw the sun rise higher in the sky during the summer than in winter. They counted the days that passed from the sun's highest position until it returned to that position. They counted three hundred and sixty-five days. We now know that is the time Earth takes to move once around the sun. We call this period of time a year. Early humans also noted changes in the moon. As it moved across the night sky, they must have wondered: Why did it look different every night? Why did it disappear? Where did it go? Even before they learned the answers to these questions, they developed a way to use the changing faces of the moon to tell time. The moon was "full" when its face was bright and round and "new" when it was almost entirely dark. The early humans counted the number of times the sun appeared between full moons. They learned that this number always remained the same, about twenty-nine suns. Twenty-nine suns equalled one moon. We now know this period of time as one month. Early humans hunted animals and gathered wild plants. They moved in groups or tribes from place to place in search of food. Then, people learned to plant seeds and grow crops. They learned to use animals to help them work, and for food. They found they no longer needed to move from one place to another to survive. As hunters, people did not need a way to measure time. As farmers, however, they had to plant crops in time to harvest them before winter. They had to know when the seasons would change. So, they were forced to developed calendars. No one knows when the first calendar was developed. But it seems possible that it was based on moons, or lunar months. When people started farming, the wise men of the tribes became very important. They studied the sky. They gathered enough information so they could know when the seasons would change. They announced when it was time to plant crops Choose the right answer 1.



Why is time such a difficult concept to understand?



Select one: a. It’s always changing b. It’s always moving c. It’s been misunderstood since pre-history d. It’s not tangible How were early humans able to begin measuring time? Select one: a. by counting the objects in the sky b. by working both at night and during the day c. the movements of objects they saw every day d. by following the sun to the west How did the concept of seasons become understood? Select one: a. by tracking the sun’s movements through the months b. by noting the differences in temperature c. by measuring the length of the days d. with the introduction of early calendars



How would an early human have defined a ‘month’? Select one: a. the number of days between a full moon and a new moon b. the number of days from one phase of the moon’s cycle and then back to the same point again c. the number of days for the sun and moon to be seen together d. the number of days between eclipses of the moon Why did the move towards farming require a better understanding of time? Select one: a. so that crops were grown at the right time of the year b. because looking after animals required it c. because they needed to have traditional celebrations at the same time every year d. because they wanted to know when animals would give birth What is the meaning of the word ‘forced’ in the last part of paragraph? Select one: a. the wise men were given no choice b. the crops wouldn’t grow without the calendars c. time became a lot more important d. it was critical for survival THE VALUES OF BEES Some people might be frightened of bees, but farmers certainly know what a valuable role they play in nature. Pollen is a powder, produced by plants, that may be carried to other plants of the same type by the wind or by insects. There, the pollen fertilizes the plant, which means that it enables the plant to produce seeds. Bees collect pollen and nectar from plants to feed their young and, in doing so, they take it to other plants. Farmers and plant lovers therefore consider bees to be invaluable. Of course, bees benefit from plants, since the pollen and nectar are what they eat. In turn, people take advantage of bees.   For thousands of years, people have encouraged bees to live near them. Beeswax, the substance that bees produce to build the hives they live in, is used to make candles, furniture polish and lipstick, and it can be used for waterproofing cloth. The honey that bees make from nectar is a sweet, energy-rich food for which people will pay a lot of money. Indeed, having a jar of honey used to be a sign of great wealth. Beekeepers value their bees not only for their honey and wax, but also for royal jelly. Bees produce this to feed their young in their earliest stage (as "larvae"). Royal jelly is particularly rich in vitamins and proteins, so it is also of great value to people with certain health problems. Honey is also thought to have health benefits, and it is often used in cough syrups and some other medicines. For all these reasons, beekeeping is an important activity. However, some of us are not happy to see bees buzzing around. Indeed, it can make sense to fear being stung by a bee because some people, who are allergic to bee stings, can be killed by the poison in a sting. For most of us, however, it is a painful experience, but nothing more serious. It is important to remember that bees only sting to defend themselves: a bee (apart from a queen bee, which only stings other queen bees) loses its sting the first time it is used, and then it dies. Only female bees (worker bees) have sting



  Choose the right answer 1.



Which statement about pollen is true?



Select one: a. It is only produced on farms. b. Bees and people eat it. c. Plants make pollen to help create more plants. d. Both A and C are correct Which statement about beeswax is not true? Select one: a. People use it in make-up. b. It is an important material for builders. c. It is used to make certain types of clothes d. All A, B, C are correct What is true about honey? Select one: a. It can be used to polish furniture. b. Bees use nectar to make it. c. It used to be a very cheap food. d. Both A and B are correct What does the writer say about royal jelly? Select one: a. It has high nutritional value. b. It is only produced by very young bees. c. People mainly use it in cough medicine. d. It is produced from pollen What does the writer say about royal jelly? Select one: a. It has high nutritional value. b. It is only produced by very young bees. c. People mainly use it in cough medicine. d. It is produced from pollen Why might certain people be particularly scared of bees? Select one:



a. They may have a medical condition which means they react badly to bee stings. b. They may have an allergy to buzzing sounds. c. They may have a medical condition that attracts bees. d. They may think every bee’s sting is poisonous What is true about someone who is stung by a bee? Select one: a. They are likely to die. b. They must have annoyed a large male bee. c. They probably threatened the bee in some way. d. They become immune to a sting afterwards CAR FREE CITIES Have you ever tried to get into or out of the center of any big city in the rush hour? It is never easy. The options are less than enticing: sit in your car for hours, get choked with pollution on the pavement, squeeze onto public transport or cycle, with the added stimulus of being target practice for motorists. I am beginning to think that the industrialized nations made a terrible mistake when they turned to the private motor vehicle as an instrument of improved urban mobility. The car brought with it many unforeseen consequences for urban life and is the cause of a plethora of serious problems. Our cars cause air pollution, foster urban sprawl, slaughter thousands every year, waste energy and natural resources, and exacerbate global warming. The state of the global environment seems ever more perilous as the developing world seems eager to adopt Western patterns of car use. They should be aware of the financial, social and environmental costs and encouraged to think about better solutions. Whilst developed nations cannot deny developing nations the use of technology and resources that they have enjoyed for so long themselves, they must surely take a lead in encouraging the design and building of carfree cities everywhere.   The problem is that private use of the internal combustion engine in urban center will only be supplanted if a better option is available. What would happen if we designed a city without cars? Would anyone want to live or, perhaps more pertinently, work in it? Does it make social and economic sense? Is it possible to be free of the automobile while retaining the speed and mobility it offers? Public transport is typically a disagreeable and slow alternative to the car. It needs to become a pleasant, or at least efficient, experience, getting you to your destination more swiftly than private transport ploughing through congested streets ever could. This can be achieved using proven technology and ideas. Some cities have already banned cars, at least for some parts of the day and at weekends. Only early morning, essential business traffic is allowed in, then the barriers come down. We should strive for the atmosphere of a city such as Venice, which is an oasis of peace: a city without cars it’s true; or roads for that matter. But one thing at a time.   Choose the right answer 1.    According to the author, in developed countries the motor car... Select one: a. was intended for town use. b. gave rise to predictable problems. c. prevents the expansion of cities. d. is the main cause of global warming.



According to the author, reducing car use... Select one: a. is only possible in a car-free city. b. involves a major change in public attitudes. c. depends on providing a superior alternative. d. would require people to travel less. According to the author, public transport... Select one: a. should be modelled on the system in Venice. b. needs to be faster than cars in the city. c. cannot be based on existing technology d. must be as fast as the car on the open road. NO MORE CLASSES The use of computers has meant students can study language programmes in their own speed when and for how long they want. What's more, in the virtual classrooms of the future the student will (1) ........ on their headset, and be transported into an imaginary school, choose their class, take the books they need off the shelf and (2) ........ conversations with other computerized students. They might (3) ........ choose to pay a visit to the supermarket or the train station, the bank or the restaurant. At the (4) ........ of a button they would be transported to (5) ........ realistic settings where they could practice their English, maybe getting a hand from a virtual English companion. All this perhaps, at the computer, from the comfort of their home: no (6) ........ to catch the bus to college, or ride a bike to schools. Exciting? Certainly, and an interesting alternative to traditional classroom lessons. But would it ever (7) ........ the classroom? Hopefully not. Surely the need to relate to real people talking about real issues and generally learning a little more about others will always lead language learners to (8) ........ at least a little of their time with real people. Choose the right answer to go to each blank in the reading passage above(1) Select one: a. place b. put c. set d. get Two(2) Select one: a. take b. do c. catch d. hold Three(3) Select one:



a. although b. preferably c. instead d. contrary Four(4) Select one: a. force b. hit c. depress d. push Five(5) Select one: a. so b. such c. like d. alike Six(6) Select one: a. role b. duty c. obligation d. need Seven(7) Select one: a. replace b. restore c. succeed d. recover Eight(8) Select one: a. spend b. make c. have d. do WORKING AND LIVING IN A DIFFERENT COUNTRY



Yearnings for the bamboo forests of China, the ski slopes of Switzerland and the karaoke booths of Japan – highlights of my previous gap years – don't surprise me, but I never imagined the minarets of Saudi Arabia would call me back. It is two years since I returned from Jeddah, but when I close my eyes on a grey English day I'm walking the city's ancient streets again, seeking out Bukhari chicken or Egyptian flat bread. Money was my motivation for going to a country famous for exporting oil; it has some of the best paid English teaching jobs in the world, and I managed to save £8,500 in just six months working at a boys' school there. I chose my new home city carefully. As the gateway to Mecca, through which the Muslim world passes on the hajj, the port of Jeddah is Saudi Arabia's most cosmopolitan and liberal city. My new Saudi friends warned me against even visiting the capital Riyadh, home of Wahhabism. In Jeddah I knew Saudis, as well as western women, who walked the streets unaccompanied by a man and with their heads uncovered, something they could never do in Riyadh. Jeddah also boasts some of the world's best coral reefs. Diving on the Saudi side of the Red Sea offers the same underwater riches as the Egyptian Sinai, but without the crowds. On the downside, I didn't speak to a woman for my first two months there, but I eventually found a private beach where the sexes could mix. My first lesson on a jet ski was fleeing the coastguard. A Palestinian girl had taken me for a ride when we saw their ship approaching. For fear of being caught together we hid in a cove. Women are barred from driving any kind of motorized vehicles so I had to take the controls and when they passed we sped out of the cove and back to the beach James-Bond style. Bizarre experiences inform my anecdotes about Saudi Arabia – gate-crashing a wedding and ending up on stage in front of 2,000 guests, my Saudi girlfriend's mother catching us at my apartment together … But what I long for is visiting the crumbling, centuries-old buildings of Old Jeddah, smoking shisha in coffee shops and sipping sweet Adeni tea with a friend. The kingdom is a harsh place, but the people who live there are the most hospitable I've ever met. I went for the riyals but came back richer in so many other ways.  Choose the right answer. Where does the writer imagine being? 1. Where does the writer imagine being? Select one: a. On the slopes of Switzerland b. In the streets of Jeddah c. In the Karaoke booths of Japan d. In the forests of China Why did he choose to live in Jeddah? Select one: a. The pay is better here b. The place is safer c. The place is at ease with different cultures d. There are a lot of things to see there What differences does Riyadh have compared to Jeddah? Select one: a. Saudi have different rules from western women b. Women need to cover their heads



c. Many western women live there d. Women must stay at home What was the writer pleased to find after some time? Select one: a. Lots of great places to dive b. Not many busy places c. The world’s best coral reefs d. A beach where woman and men can be together What does the word 'barred' mean? Select one: a. Not available b. Not happy c. Not allowed d. Not ready How does the writer describe the people in Saudi Arabia? Select one: a. Very welcoming b. Very hard to get along c. Not very friendly d. Easy to work with FASHION DURING RECESSION Current economic trends present an opportunity for many people to look at fashion in a way they haven’t before. Many consumers are looking for fashion that is not only affordable, but stylish as well. According to some fashion experts, this has forced designers and retailers to lose the excess fluff and get back to the meat and potatoes of their lines and offerings. That can mean clothes with a better fit and designs that are more in tune with their target markets, says Amanda Lovell, department chair of Fashion Design at The Art Institute of New York City. “By making less and offering less, there is a stronger focus on producing items that are known sellers,” Lovell says. “Designers and retailers need to get the most out of every purchase a customer makes, due to the fact that customers are thinking twice before buying excess pieces.” Each fashion brand, designer, and retailer has items that are known sellers, Lovell explains. “For example, the Gap most likely sells their short sleeve Crewneck or V-neck, black fitted T-shirts for both men and women season after season regardless of the economy or forces in the trend cycle,” she offers. Designers also have responded by offering lower-priced bridge lines, adds Mary Hall, who provides money-saving tips on fashion, dining out, and entertainment in her blog The Recessionista. “There are fewer and fewer high-end collections with high prices coming out,” says Hall, a Los Angeles marketing manager. “Now we have Norma Kamali at Walmart, Vera Wang and Dana Buchman at Kohl’s, and the annual H&M designers. It makes fashion so much more accessible to consumers.” And as fashion focuses on getting more bang for the buck, shoppers are on the hunt for versatile clothing items that have a long shelf life. “We all just got a little wiser and started exercising the power of the purse,” Hall states. “We are shopping smarter. The new differentiator is value along



with the best price.” Lovell agrees. “I believe from a consumer point of view, they are looking for pieces to add to their wardrobes that will take them further and have more staying power,” she offers. “Classic pieces have been trending well.” To keep them looking up-to-date, many designers just give them a slightly newer spin. “Pieces such as the basic cardigan are receiving a face-lift with added bobbles and trimmings and simple touches in updating the buttons, or the cut,” Lovell comments. “This is an example of a classic piece that women can wear and depend on year round. I see customers buying these pieces that they can get more wear out of.” Classic items aren’t the only things popular in the down economy. Many thrift stores are seeing a boost in sales. According to a member survey by the National Association of Resale & Thrift Shops, slightly more than 64% of stores had an average increase in sales of 31%. Lovell also says there’s a resurgence of people mending their clothes and accessories before replacing them with new items. “For example, shoe repair shops have noticed an increase in business, as consumers bring in their shoes to be repaired as opposed to purchasing a new pair,” she explains. “Overall, trends in consumer buying behaviors change with what is going on socially, politically, and economically in the world. The fashion industry just needs to ride out this wave and consumers will soon be spending in excess as before,” Lovell opines. However, some say the recession has prompted them to become more responsible in their spending habits – a change that could be permanent for many consumers. Choose the right answer 1. As designers reduce the range of products, they… Select one: a. increase the price consumers have to pay. b. have to sell double the amount of goods. c. have their sales a little earlier than usual. d. put more emphasis on what consumers buy. As the number of expensive designs is decreasing, Select one: a. fashion is more readily available. b. people worry less about the costs. c. more people work as designers. d. fashion has become more important. As consumers think more carefully about what they buy, they… Select one: a. limit the number of clothes they own. b. spend more time shopping for clothes. c. focus more on quality and cost. d. prefer cheaper prices over quality. It has become a trend to… Select one: a. design or change your clothes yourself. b. make traditional clothes more fashionable.



c. combine knitwear with other types of clothes. d. stick to the same clothing style for one year. Another trend is to Select one: a. fix old clothes rather than get new ones. b. spend more on accessories rather than clothes. c. sell your old shoes to repair businesses. d. exchange broken or damaged things for new ones. Lovell believes that after the recession Select one: a. fashion trends will become very different. b. shoppers will be buying as much as ever. c. the social and political world will improve. d. the fashion industry will continue to suffer Experts think that through the economic crisis Select one: a. people care less about their lifestyle. b. saving money has become harder. c. consumers prefer to shop online. d. shopping habits have improved.



Structure 1. ..... studying harder for exams, he spent his time chatting on twitter a. Instead of b. Despite c. In contrast to d. Although 2. Some of ....... in today’s era such as orhan pamuk an jostien gaarder seem to have a unique personality a. Great writers b. Greatest writers c. Geater writers d. The greatest writers 3. I prefer buying food online..... a. To cook b. Than cooking c. Then cook d. To cooking 4. What is the longest journey .... a. Do yo ever make b. You have ever made c. Did you ever make d. Have you ever made 5. Until now, specific vaccines for coronavirus ..... a. Are not invented yet b. Is to be invented c. Werw not invented d. Have not been invented 6. He not understand what the teacher explaned and.... a. Neither did i b. I did not neither c. I neither d. Either did i 7. The traditional market .... to be replaced with a super mall a. Was being pulled down b. Had been pulled down c. Has been pulled down d. Wa pulled down 8. There ....... to do as we have new customers coming a. Is’nt as many work b. Is not muuch work c. Is many work d. Is not many work 9. What we need is an awarness to stick together ..... our differences a. Even though



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b. Due to c. No matter d. Inspite of The shoes are exactly .... what i saw in the advertisiment a. As same as b. The same with c. The some to d. The some as Never before have we realized the impact of corona virus ... our life a. On b. To c. For d. in when i came to visit him yesterday, he ..... on the phone a. had talked b. talked c. already talked d. was talking during the corona pandemic, purchase order of health productw has increased ... 90% a. to b. by c. in d. towart Having a reguler exercise is good for your health ... eating a lot of vegetable help our metabolism a. Consequently b. Similarly c. Therefor d. However The membership will .... you to use the gym and swimming pool six days a week a. Help b. Admit c. Allow d. Let You could leave me the door key just in case your friend ... a. Will come b. Came c. Comes d. might come in 2010 university education ....... include more apprenticeship in businesses an industries a. is likely b. probably will c. will be likely d. will probably



18. he was so happy with his daughter’s school grades... a. and so he bought her a new aptop b. and he bought her a new laptop c. so that he bouht her a new laptop d. that he bouht her a new laptop 19. what ..... these days? I miss you so much a. did you do b. have you been doing c. have you done d. are you doing 20. she looks very pale and confused. She .... a. is going to faint b. will faint c. is fainting d. fainted 21. you ... go to ceremony if you dont feel like it. It will be very boring anyway a. a need b. haven’t to c. must not d. dont have to 22. people go to health centers ... a. for their health to check b. for checking their heath c. to have their health checked d. have their helath checked 23. to be honest, i am extremely .... travelling by public trasportation now a. worried for b. worried in c. worry about d. worried about 24. the weather is getting hotter .... global warming a. since b. as a result c. because d. due to 25. i .... her since a graduated last year a. haven’t seen b. was not seeing c. didn’t see d. dont see 26. A: ....... hiring an interior designer for our new cafe B: yes, that’s a good idea a. Why dont we b. Shall we c. Lets



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d. How about I went into the bathroom and saw that somebody .... the water tap open a. Was taking b. Was left c. Left d. Had left There are some possible causes .... the spread of corona virus a. By b. In c. To d. for The bomb exploded, ..... a. Destroying the building and everything arround b. Destroyed the building ang everything around c. To destroy the buiding ang everyhing around d. Destroys the building and everything around Children ..... are prone to malnutrition and diseases a. Live in poverty b. Living in poverty c. Lives in poverty d. Who lives in poverty I know it is a difficult decision but if..... i would stay in jakarta a. I become you b. I were you c. I was you d. I was in your position I failed my exam last week, if only i ... a. Studied more seriously b. Was studying more seriously c. Had studied more seriousy d. Would have studied more seriously It is surprising that some people are not aware ... the danger of making aphone call while driving a. About b. With c. Of d. For I did not know what you were interested .... tennis a. For playing b. With playing c. To play d. In playing He apologized to me ... my laptop a. Because breaking b. For having broken



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c. To have broken d. To break Reguler exercise .... a healty diet, may contribute to greater lonevity a. Combined with b. Combining with c. Combination with d. Combine with He ... very skinny but after months of work out at the gym he looks well built now a. Was used to be b. Used to be c. Seemed to be d. Was All of the luggage .... at the entrance. a. Must be checked b. Must check c. Must checked d. Must be checking The holiday tour that i joined last month.... a. Really disappointing b. Is really disappointing c. Was really disappointing me d. Was really diasppointing What is happening in the word today ... years ago a. Was difficult to imagine b. Was difficult to be imagined c. Were difficult to imagine d. Was difficult to have imagined



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