Swadhinata Uttar Bangladesh (স্বাধীনতা উত্তর বাংলাদেশ) [1, 4 ed.] 1838536884, 9781838536886 [PDF]

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K¨v›Ub‡g›U ev‡` evwK XvKv kn‡ii i¶vi `vwqZ¡ wQj cvwK¯Ívwb weª‡MwWqvi ekx‡ii Ici| 15 wW‡m¤^i mܨvq wZwb Rvb‡Z cv‡ib, wgicyi †mZz Aiw¶Z Ae¯’vq Av‡Q| Qwo‡q-wQwU‡q _vKv †dvm© GKwÎZ K‡i GK †Kv¤úvwb ˆmb¨ w`‡q 16 wW‡m¤^i mKv‡ji w`‡K †gRi mvjvgZ‡K wZwb wgicyi weª‡Ri myi¶vi Rb¨ cvVvb| Gw`‡K 16 wW‡m¤^i mKv‡jI wgicyi †mZz Aiw¶Z Ae¯’vq Av‡QÑ GB LeiUv gyw³evwnbxi gva¨‡g †cuŠ‡Q hvq fviZxq Kgv‡Ûv evwnbxi Kv‡Q| Lei †c‡q Zviv mKvj nevi wKQy Av‡MB XvKvi w`‡K iIqvbv nb| G‡`i †cuŠQv‡bvi Av‡MB †gRi mvjvgZ wgicyi weª‡R Ae¯’vb wb‡q †bb| d‡j †mLv‡b †cuŠ‡Q Kgv‡Ûv evwnbx cÖwZ‡iv‡ai gy‡LvgywL nq| GB Kgv‡Ûv `j‡K AbymiY K‡i †cQ‡b AvmwQ‡jb 101 KwgDwb‡Kkb †Rv‡bi †Rbv‡ij bvMiv| Zv‡`i AMÖhvÎv †_‡g †Mj †mZz †_‡K wKQy `~‡i| †Rbv‡ij bvMivi evwnbxi mv‡_ wQ‡jb gyw³‡hv×v Kv‡`i wmwÏKx ¯^qs Ges ÔKv‡`wiqv evwnbxÕi †PŠKm gyw³‡hv×v‡`i GKwU AMÖeZ©x `j| †Rbv‡ij MvÜe© wms bvMiv Avi †Rbv‡ij wbqvwR weªwUk BwÛqvb Avwg©‡Z †Kvm©‡gU wQ‡jb, GKm‡½ Kwgkb †c‡qwQ‡jb Ges `yÕRb `yÕR‡bi eÜz wQ‡jb| bvMiv wbqvwR‡K ÔAvãyjøvnÕ e‡j WvK‡Zb| AvR fv‡M¨i cwinv‡m `yB eÜz hy×iZ `yB wkwe‡i| GK eÜz civwRZ, Av‡iK eÜz wKQy¶‡Yi g‡a¨B weRqxi †e‡k bM‡i XzK‡eb| bvMiv wgicy‡i AvwgbevRvi weª‡Ri Icvi †_‡K wbqvwR‡K †h wPwV wj‡LwQ‡jb †mwU wQj †Kv‡bv eÜzi Kv‡Q †jLv eÜyi wPwV| wj‡LwQ‡jb: wcÖq Avãyjøvn, Avwg GLv‡b G‡mwQ, †Zvgvi †Ljv †kl| Avwg civgk© w`w”QÑ Avgvi wbivcËvq P‡j Av‡mv, Avwg †Zvgvi welqUv †`L‡ev| †Zvgvi cÖwZwbwa cvVvI| mKvj bÕUvq wPiKzUUv †Rbv‡ij wbqvwRi nv‡Z Av‡m| †mB mgq Zvi cv‡k wQ‡jb †gRi †Rbv‡ij Rvg‡k`, †gRi †Rbv‡ij ivI digvb I wiqvi GWwgivj kwid| †gRi †Rbv‡ij ivI digvb wbqvwR‡K Bs‡iwR‡Z wRÁvmv Ki‡jb: Avcbvi †Kv‡bv wiRvf© evwnbx Av‡Q? †Rbv‡ij wbqvwR wbiæËi| wiqvi GWwgivj kwid cvÄvwe‡Z K_vUv Abyev` K‡i ej‡jb: ÔKzR cv‡jø n¨vq?Õ (_‡j‡Z wKQy wK Av‡Q?)| wbqvwR e„nËi XvKvi i¶K †Rbv‡ij Rvg‡k‡`i w`‡K ZvKv‡jb| †Rbv‡ij Rvg‡k` gy‡L wKQy bv e‡j Gw`K-Iw`K gv_v bvo‡jb, hvi A_© n‡jvÑ wKQyB †bB, k~b¨| digvb Avi kwid ZLb GKm‡½ e‡j I‡Vb: hw` G-B nq, Zvn‡j hvb, hv †m (bvMiv) Ki‡Z e‡j Zv K‡ib wM‡q| †Rbv‡ij wbqvwR †Rbv‡ij bvMiv‡K Af¨_©bv 14 15



Rvbv‡bvi Rb¨ †Rbv‡ij Rvg‡k`‡K cvVv‡jb|2



`yB XvKv kn‡ii gwZwS‡j †cv÷ A¨vÛ †UwjMÖvd (wc A¨vÛ wU) K‡jvwb| †UwjMÖv‡di wenvwi cÖ‡KŠkjx BgwZqvR Avjg Lv‡bi miKvwi d¬v‡U `~i †_‡K dR‡ii AvRv‡bi kã †f‡m Avm‡QÑ Avm&mvjvZz LvBiæg wgbvb bvDg| AvRv‡bi kã †f` K‡i `‡ivRvq D‡ËwRZ KivNvZ| BgwZqvR Avjg Lvb `‡ivRv Ly‡j w`‡ZB †`L‡jb evOvwj cÖwZ‡ekx gynv¤§` Avjx Lvb gvjøyi D‡ËwRZ †Pnviv | gvjøy mv‡ne axi-w¯’i gvbyl, wKš‘ AvR‡K Zvi †Pnviv D‡ËRbvq UMeM Ki‡Q| BgwZqvR Zzwg Lei ï‡bQ? Kx Lei, gvjøy fvB? ÔAvKvkevYxÕ †_‡K ej‡Q, cvwK¯Ívwb Avwg© AvR mv‡iÛvi Ki‡e| †nv †nv K‡i †n‡m D‡V BgwZqvR Avjg Lvb ej‡jb: gvjøy fvB, Avcwb ÔAvKvkevYxÕi K_v wek¦vm K‡ib? ZLb BgwZqvR Avjg Lvb NyYv¶‡iI eyS‡Z cv‡ibwb, GUvB Zvi †kl nvwm n‡Z hv‡”Q| Avi K‡qK NÈvi g‡a¨B Zvi Rxeb IjU-cvjU n‡q hv‡e| Av‡i bv, †ei n‡q †`L, Lye wbPz w`‡q BwÛqvb wegvb D‡o hv‡”Q, cvwK¯Ívwb Avwg©i Gw›U-Gqviµvd&U& Mvb¸‡jv †Kv‡bv ¸wjB Qzuo‡Q bv| BgwZqvR Avjg Lv‡bi wki`uvov w`‡q VvÐv i³‡mªvZ e‡q †Mj| gyLUv h_vm¤¢e ¯^vfvweK †i‡L ej‡jb: gvjøy fvB, GUv Kxfv‡e m¤¢e? BwÛqvb Avwg© †Zv XvKv ch©šÍ GL‡bv †cuŠQ‡Z cv‡iwb| Avi Kvi Kv‡QB-ev wbqvwR mv‡iÛvi Ki‡e? BgwZqvR Avjg Lv‡bi GB kxZj Reve gynv¤§` Avjx Lvb gvjøy‡K Z…ß Ki‡Z cvi‡jv bv, weoweo Ki‡Z Ki‡Z evmvq wd‡i †M‡jb wZwb| Gici Avi weQvbvq hvIqv nqwb BgwZqv‡Ri| evi evi eviv›`vq wM‡q w`M‡šÍ †P‡q _vK‡Qb| Kx †hb LuyR‡Qb| Ae‡k‡l mKvj `kUvi w`‡K



†mB cÖZxw¶Z AvZ¼Ñ eRªwbbv‡` D‡o G‡jv Lye wbPz w`‡qÑ fviZxq dvBUvi †RU| GZ wb‡P †h, cvBj‡Ui †Pnviv ch©šÍ †`Lv hv‡”Q| wbP †_‡K †Kv‡bv ¸wj †bB, KzÐwj cvwK‡q †auvqv †bB, †evgvel©Y †bB| wKš‘ †cø‡bi †c‡Ui †fZi †_‡K AmsL¨ UzK‡iv KvMR D‡o G‡jv, XvKvi AvKvk †Q‡q †Mj wjd&‡j‡U| evsjv, Bs‡iwR Avi D`©y‡Z †jLv cvwK¯Ívwb evwnbx‡K ÔAvZ¥mgc©‡Yi AvnŸvbÕ|3



wZb wVK mv‡o bÕUvq wgicyi weª‡Ri w`K †_‡K S‡oi MwZ‡Z Qz‡U Avmv Mvwoi MR©b ï‡b wgicyi weª‡Ri cwðg cÖv‡šÍ wgÎevwnbxi ˆmb¨iv DwØMœ n‡q I‡V| ciÿ‡YB gvwU Kuvwc‡q K‡qK SuvK ¸wji kã| Pvi-cuvPwU †gwkbMvb GKm‡½ weKU k‡ã M‡R© D‡V †_‡g hvq| PwK‡Z N‡U hvIqv NUbvi ci Avevi _g_‡g bxieZv| ¸wj Qyo‡ZB `ªæZ †a‡q Avmv Mvwo `yÕwU wbðj n‡q hvq| wgÎevwnbxi fzj fv‡O| Mvwo `yÕwU kÎæi bq, wgÎevwnbxi| Mvwo‡Z †Kv‡bv mv`v cZvKv ev Kvco bv _vKvq kÎæ †a‡q Avm‡Q †f‡e wgÎevwnbxi ˆmb¨iv ¸wj Qz‡owQj| cvwK¯Ívwb nvbv`viiv AvZ¥mgc©Y Ki‡QÑ GB `viæY myLeiwU †cuŠ‡Q w`‡Z S‡oi †e‡M Qz‡U AvmwQj Iiv| Avmvi c‡_ Avb‡›`i Av‡e‡k KLb Mvwo‡Z mv`v cZvKvi e`‡j jUKv‡bv mv`v RvgvwU cÖPÐ evZv‡m D‡o †M‡Q Zv Zviv Rvb‡ZI cv‡iwb| fzj hLb fvO‡jv ZLb hv nevi n‡q †M‡Q| wZbRb m‡½ m‡½ kwn`| AvwgbevRvi ¯‹z‡ji cv‡k `yÕwU wRcB wbðj n‡q Av‡Q| GKwU‡Z wZbR‡bi g„Z‡`n| i‡³ wRcUv †f‡m †M‡Q| ZLbI i³ Si‡Q| GZ hš¿Yvi gv‡SI AvnZ GKRb wR‡ci w÷qvwis a‡i e‡mwQj| `viæY myLeiUv hZ ZvovZvwo w`‡Z cvi‡e, ZZB †hb mn‡hv×v nviv‡bvi `ytL I ¸wj‡Z AvnZ nIqvi wb`viæY hš¿Yvi Dckg n‡e| AvnZ †hv×vi Mjvi ¯^i Rwo‡q Avmv m‡Ë¡I hZ`~i m¤¢e cÖZ¨q †gkv‡bv K‡É weRqxi fw½‡Z ej‡jv: kÎæiv AvZ¥mgc©‡Y ivwR| Zv‡`i w`K †_‡K GLbB †Kv‡bv †Rbv‡ij Avm‡Q| †h wg·mbv GB msev` w`‡jv, Zvi nuvUzi wb‡Pi Ask ey‡j‡U G‡duvo-



16 17



I‡duvo n‡q †M‡Q| wZwb Zvi ÿZ¯’vb `yÕnv‡Z †P‡c a‡i me©‡kl msev` w`‡jb| `yB nvRvi eQi Av‡Mi BwZnvm †hb wfbœ cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z I wfbœ cUf~wg‡Z RxešÍ n‡q DVj| g¨viv_b †_‡K G‡_Ý bq, XvKv †_‡K wgicy‡i ¸wjwe× hš¿YvwK¬ó †`‡ni `ªæZ wbt‡kwlZ kw³ †klev‡ii g‡Zv GKÎ K‡i kÎæi AvZ¥mgc©Y Z_v, c~Y© weR‡qi `viæY msev` w`‡jb G hy‡Mi exi †mbvbx, GB kZvãxi wdwW cvBwWm| AvnZ I wbnZ‡`i mwi‡q †bqvi Rb¨ †nwjKÞvi Avbv n‡jv| †nwjKÞvi AvwgbevRvi ¯‹z‡ji cv‡k cvKv evwoi mvg‡b gmwR‡`i gv‡V bvwg‡q AvnZ I wbnZ‡`i DwV‡q †`qv n‡jv| †nwjKÞvi wgR©vcyi nvmcvZv‡ji D‡Ï‡k D‡o hvevi K‡qK wgwbU ci XvKvi w`K †_‡K gvwm©wWR †eb&R& wR‡c `Lj`vi cvwK¯Ívwb evwnbxi GKRb †gRi †Rbv‡ij, `yÕRb †j. K‡b©j, GKRb †gRi, `yÕRb K¨v‡Þb I K‡qKRb wmcvnx AvZ¥mgc©‡Yi AvbyôvwbK ce© mvi‡Z G‡jv| nvbv`vi‡`i cÿ †_‡K wmGGd cÖavb †gRi †Rbv‡ij Rvg‡k` AvZ¥mgc©‡Yi cÖ_g ce© mvi‡Z Av‡mb| wgÎevwnbx h_vixwZ mvwie×fv‡e `uvov‡jv| †gRi †Rbv‡ij bvMivi ev‡g weª‡MwWqvi mvbwms, Zvici †K¬i, me‡k‡l Kv‡`i wmwÏKx| †Rbv‡ij mvgwiK Awfev`b Rvwb‡q †Kvgi †_‡K wifj&fvi †ei K‡i cÖmvwiZ `yB nv‡Z bvMivi w`‡K evwo‡q w`‡jb| †gRi †Rbv‡ij bvMiv ey‡jU †i‡L wifj&fviwU Rvg‡k`‡K wdwi‡q w`‡jb| Gici Av‡Mi g‡Zv `yB cÖmvwiZ nv‡Z Zvi Uzwc w`‡jb| bvMiv jvBb †_‡K †ewi‡q Rvg‡k‡`i UzwcwU Kv‡`i wmwÏKxi nv‡Z w`‡jb| Ô†Rbv‡ij d¬¨vMÕ bvMivi nv‡Z w`‡j †mUv wZwb weª‡MwWqvi mvbwms-†K w`‡jb| †Rbv‡ij Rvg‡k` me‡k‡l Zvi †Kvgi †_‡K †eë Ly‡j w`‡j bvMiv Zv weª‡MwWqvi †K¬i‡K †`b| wZwb mvgwqKfv‡e e¨env‡ii Rb¨ Rvg‡k`‡K Avevi Zv wdwi‡q †`b| †gRi †Rbv‡ij bvMivi Mvwo †_‡K †hŠ_evwnbxi †Rbv‡ij d¬¨vM Ly‡j Zv cvwK¯Ívwb evwnbxi gvwm©wWR †eb&‡R jvwM‡q Rvg‡k`‡K wb‡q mK‡j Aeiæ× NuvwUi w`‡K G‡Mv‡jb| †hŠ_evwnbxi Ô†Rbv‡ij d¬¨vMÕ Dwo‡q gvwm©wWR †eb&R& mKvj 10Uv 5 wgwb‡U wbqvwRi 14Zg wWwfkb m`i `߇ii mvg‡b G‡m `uvovq|4 K‡b©j †gnZv Ges GKRb cvwK¯Ívwb Awdmvi‡K cvVv‡bv nq U½x‡Z| Zv‡`i nv‡Z wQj mv`v cZvKv| wKš‘ GKUv U¨vs‡Ki †Mvjv G‡m AvNvZ K‡i Zv‡`i wR‡c| wR‡ci Av‡ivnx PviRbB wbnZ nb| U½x‡Z †kl ch©šÍ hy× †kl n‡qwQj



we‡Kj PviUvi w`‡K|5 †Rbv‡ij bvMiv K‡qKRb ˆmb¨ wb‡q XvKvq cÖ‡ek Ki‡jb mKvj 10Uv 40 wgwb‡U| wZwb XzK‡jb †MŠi‡ei wk‡ivcv aviY K‡i| †Rbv‡ij wbqvwRi AwaK…Z XvKvi cZb NU‡jv wVK ZLbB|6



Pvi mKvj bqUv, ÔmvKzivÕ †i÷z‡i‡›Ui mvg‡b I cv‡ki Mwj‡Z gyw³‡hv×v‡`i K‡qKUv `j R‡ov n‡q‡Q| eZ©gvb KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg GwfwbD a‡i `‡j `‡j cvwK¯Ívwb Avwg© †nu‡U K¨v›Ub‡g‡›U wd‡i hv‡”Q| Zv‡`i evg nv‡Zi evRy‡Z mv`v Kvco euvav| AvZ¥mgc©‡Yi Av‡M Qwo‡q-wQwU‡q _vKv cvwK¯Ívwb evwnbxi Aewkó Ask‡K GKwÎZ Kivi Rb¨B Zv‡`i K¨v›Ub‡g‡›U †bqv n‡”Q| †K ej‡e GB welYœ, fxZ Ges bZgyL †mbvivB MZ mv‡o bq gvm a‡i AeY©bxq wefxwlKv m„wó K‡iwQj †mvbvi evOjvq| G‡`i mevi nv‡ZB i‡³i `vM| 11Uvi w`‡K kvnev‡Mi w`K †_‡K KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg GwfwbD a‡i axi MwZ‡Z Avwg©i GKwU Kbfq GwM‡q G‡jv| Kbf‡qi cÖ_g wRcwU‡K Avgiv KvKWvKv †fv‡i †Wgiv †_‡K XvKvi w`‡K Avm‡Z †`‡LwQ| †mB wR‡c Av‡Qb weª‡MwWqvi mv‡eM wms Avi †gRi nvq`vi| KbfqwU Wv‡b †gvo wb‡q weRqxi †e‡k wbDUªvj †Rvb †nv‡Uj B›UviKw›U‡b›Uv‡ji mvg‡b G‡m `vuov‡jv| †gRi nvq`vi Avi mv‡eM wms AMÖeZ©x `j wb‡q XvKvq †cuŠ‡Q‡Qb| Zv‡`i g~j `vwqZ¡ AvbyôvwbKfv‡e cvwK¯Ívwb‡`i AvZ¥mgc©‡Yi e¨e¯’v Kiv| ax‡i ax‡i B›UviKw›U‡b›Uvj †nv‡Uj GjvKvq wgÎevwnbx Avi gyw³evwnbxi msL¨v evo‡Z _vK‡jv| gyw³‡hv×viv Gi g‡a¨B kvnev‡M Ô†iwWI cvwK¯ÍvbÕ feb †_‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi cZvKv bvwg‡q evsjv‡`‡ki cZvKv Dwo‡q w`‡q‡Q| Aeiæ× XvKvq ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g cZvKv cZ&cZ& K‡i Do‡Q| ivRc‡_ Drdzjø RbZv wgÎevwnbx Avi gyw³evwnbxi m‡½ †KvjvKzwj Ki‡Q| cvwK¯Ívwb †mbvevwnbxi GKUv eo `j ÔmvKzivÕi mvg‡b w`‡q †nu‡U K¨v›Ub‡g‡›Ui w`‡K hvw”Qj| Ggb mgq Drmvnx RbZv Zv‡`i wN‡i ai‡jv cÖej D‡ËRbvq| mevB wPrKvi K‡i Zv‡`i D‡Ïk K‡i ej‡Z jvM‡jv: ej kvjviv, ÔRq evsjvÕ!



18 19



wPÎÑK_b: †kivU‡bi mvg‡b ÔmvKzivÕi cv‡k RbZv wN‡i a‡i‡Q ivI digvb Avjx‡K, †kø­vMvb Zyj‡QÑ ivI digvb‡K a‡iv, KzËvi g‡Zv gv‡iv| d‡Uv †µwWU: W. †Mvjvg bex KvRxi msMªn †_‡K



Iiv f‡q f‡q e‡j: ÔRyB evsjvÕ, ÔRyB evsjvÕ| RbZv †P‡c a‡i: kvjviv ï×fv‡e ej, ÔRq evsjvÕ, Iiv ZvI e‡j: ÔRyB evsjvÕ, ÔRyB evsjvÕ| †KD †KD I‡`i m‡½ ï× fvlvq ÔRq evsjvÕ ejv‡bvi Rb¨ nvZvnvwZ ïiæ K‡i w`‡jv| Ggb mgq †K †hb duvKv ev÷© dvqvi Ki‡jv, m‡½ m‡½B M‡R© DV‡jv cvwK¯Ívwb‡`i nv‡Z _vKv A¯¿| Drmvnx RbZv QÎf½ n‡q †Mj| wgÎevwnbx Qy‡U G‡m cvwK¯Ívwb‡`i †NivI K‡i †dj‡jv| Ae¯’v †eMwZK †`‡L cvK †mbviv A¯¿ gvwU‡Z †d‡j wPrKvi K‡i ej‡Z _vK‡jv: ÔRyB evsjvÕ ÔRyB evsjvÕ| †Mvjv¸wj‡Z †ek K‡qKRb nZvnZ nq| GKRb fviZxq †mbv Awdmvi NUbv¯’‡jB wbnZ nb| cvwK¯Ívwb †Rbv‡ij ivI digvb Avjx ZLb B›UviKw›U‡b›Uv‡jB wQ‡jb| wZwb fviZxq K‡qKRb Awdmv‡ii m‡½ kÖ×v wb‡e`‡bi Rb¨ g„Z Awdmv‡ii jv‡ki cv‡k G‡m `uvov‡jb| ivI digvb Avjx‡K †`‡L RbZv Avevi duz‡m DV‡jv| †køvMvb DV‡jv: ivI digvb‡K a‡iv, KzËvi g‡Zv gv‡iv| ivI digvb‡K wN‡i ai‡jv D‡ËwRZ RbZv Avi gyw³evwnbx| †gRi nvq`vi D‡ËwRZ RbZv Avi gyw³‡hv×v‡`i AvUKv‡jb| mv‡eM wms Bs‡iwR‡Z ej‡jb, Ô†bv †gvi dvBUÕ| ivI digvb AvjxI ej‡jb: †bv †gvi dvBU, wcm& wcm& wcm&| evsjv‡ZI ej‡jb ÔAvi hy× bq, kvwšÍ kvwšÍ kvwšÍÕ| †mB mgq Rvb euvPv‡bvi Rb¨ evsjv ejvi †P‡q fv‡jv †Kv‡bv weKí cvK †mbv‡`i MYnZ¨vi Ab¨Zg Kzkxje †Rbv‡ij ivI digvb Avjxi gv_vq Av‡mwb wbðq|7



cvuP 16 wW‡m¤^i mKvj †mvqv bÕUvq wgÎevwnbxi †Rbv‡ij †R Gd Avi R¨vKe fviZxq evwnbxi AwabvqK †Rbv‡ij gv‡bK kÕi KvQ †_‡K GKUv †dvb Kj cvb| †dv‡b gv‡bK kÕ mܨvi g‡a¨ cvwK¯Ívwb‡`i AvZ¥mgc©Y Kiv‡bvi mKj e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z Zv‡K wb‡`©k †`b| R¨vKe evsjv‡`‡ki mk¯¿evwnbx †_‡K †Rbv‡ij Gg G wR Imgvbx I Dc-AwabvqK DBs KgvÛvi G †K †Lv›`Kvi †hb Dcw¯’Z _v‡Kb †mB e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z wb‡Ri `ßi‡K weªd K‡i GKUv †nwjKÞvi wb‡q h‡kvi n‡q XvKvi †ZRMuv wegvbe›`‡i bv‡gb| R¨vK‡ei m‡½ Av‡mb Av‡iK wkL Awdmvi K‡b©j Lviv| 20 21



cvwK¯Ívb B÷vb© Kgv‡Ûi wPd Ae ÷vd weª‡MwWqvi eKi wmwÏKx R¨vKe‡K wegvbe›`i †_‡K †Rbv‡ij wbqvwRi XvKv K¨vbUb‡g‡›Ui `߇i wb‡q Av‡mb| †mLv‡b wKQz¶Y Av‡M †gRi †Rbv‡ij bvMivI G‡m Dcw¯’Z n‡q‡Qb| ZLbI U½xmn bvbv A‡j hy×weiwZ AMÖvn¨ K‡i cvwK¯Ívwb evwnbx i³¶qx AvµgY Pvjvw”Qj| R¨vKe †mB cwiw¯’wZ mvgvj †`qvi Rb¨ wbqvwR‡K e‡jb, wZwb †hb GB jovB e‡Üi wb‡`©k w`‡q GKUv AW©vi Bmy¨ K‡ib| ZLbI bvbv RvqMv †_‡K †Mvjv¸wji kã †f‡m AvmwQj K¨v›Ub‡g‡›U| †Rbv‡ij R¨vKe fvi‡Zi c¨vivmyU †iwR‡g›U I GKUv cvwK¯Ívwb BDwbU w`‡q †Rbv‡ij A‡iviv‡K †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b MvW© Ae Abvi cÖ`v‡bi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z e‡jb †Rbv‡ij bvMiv‡K| K‡b©j Lviv AvZ¥mgc©‡Yi kZ© †Rbv‡ij wbqvwR‡K cvV K‡i †kvbvb| wbqvwRi `yB †PvL †_‡K SiSi K‡i cvwb co‡Z _v‡K| N‡i †b‡g Av‡m mybmvb bxieZv| †h `¤¢ wb‡q AeY©bxq AZ¨vPvi Avi MYnZ¨vi wbg©g BwZnvm ˆZwi K‡iwQj cvwK¯Ívwb evwnbx, †Rbv‡ij wbqvwRi †Pv‡Li cvwb‡ZB Zv †f‡m hvevi †Kv‡bv KviY wQj bv| cvwK¯Ívwb evwnbxi Rb¨ Av‡iv P~ovšÍ Acgvb A‡c¶v KiwQj| jv‡Âi mgq n‡q hvq| R¨vKe‡K m‡½ wb‡q †Rbv‡ij wbqvwR Avwg© †g‡m jv mvi‡Z hvb| Zv‡`i m½x nb weªwUk ÔAeRvifviÕ-Gi mvsevw`K M¨vwfb Bqvs| gyiwMi †iv÷ w`‡q †gBb †Kv‡m©i ¯^vfvweK Lvevi cwi‡ekb Kiv n‡q‡Q| cvwK¯Ívwb Awdmviiv ¯^vfvweKfv‡e †LvkMí Ki‡Z Ki‡Z `ycy‡ii †fvR mvi‡Qb| †Rbv‡ij R¨vKe Avi K‡b©j Lviv GK †Kv‡Y `uvwo‡q †`L‡Qb| `¨v wfw GB QweUv AuvK‡j nq‡Zv bvg w`‡Zb, Ô`¨ jv÷ jvÂÕ| wfw bv _vK‡jI L¨vwZgvb mvsevw`K M¨vwfb Bqvs wQ‡jb| wZwb ciw`b weªwUk ÔAeRvifviÕ-G GB jv wb‡q wekvj wbDR Ki‡jb, Zvi wk‡ivbvg wQj Ô`¨ mv‡iÛvi jvÂÕ|



Qq jv †m‡i †Rbv‡ij wbqvwR‡K wb‡q †Rbv‡ij R¨vKe †ejv wZbUvi w`‡K †ZRMuv Gqvi‡cv‡U© hvb †Rbv‡ij A‡iviv‡K wiwmf Kivi Rb¨| Gig‡a¨B



wPÎÑK_b: AvZ¥mgc©‡Yi Av‡M XvKv K¨v›Ub‡g‡›U †Rbv‡ij wbqvwRi †kl jvÂ| †cQ‡b †`Lv hv‡”Q fviZxq †mbvevwnbxi †Rbv‡ij R¨vKe‡K| d‡Uv: msM„nxZ



22 23



wPÎÑK_b: AvZ¥mgc©‡Yi Av‡M XvKv †mbvwbev‡m fviZxq †mbvi mv‡_ nv‡m¨v¾¡j †Rbv‡ij wbqvwR| †Kvg‡oi GB wifj&fvi mgc©Y K‡iB AvZ¥mgc©‡Yi AvbyôvwbKZv mviv n‡e| †cQ‡b †`Lv hv‡”Q †Rbv‡ij ivI digvb Avjx I e„wUk mvsevw`K M¨vwfb Bqvs‡K| d‡Uv: msM„nxZ



bvbv w`K †_‡K gyw³‡hv×viv XvKvq Xz‡K co‡Z ïiæ K‡i‡Q| Pviw`K †_‡K nvjKv A‡¯¿i wew”Qbœ †Mvjv¸wji kã †f‡m Avm‡Q| wbqvwR‡K enbKvix Mvwo‡K mk¯¿ gyw³‡hv×viv AvU‡K †`q| †KD †KD Mvwoi e‡b‡Ui Ici Suvwc‡q c‡o| wkL Awdmvi Zvi cvMwoeuvav gv_v Mvwo †_‡K †ei K‡i e‡jb, wbqvwR fviZxq †mbvevwnbxi nv‡Z ew›`, Zv‡`i Gfv‡e evav †`qv gyw³evwnbxi DwPZ n‡”Q bv| gyw³evwnbx fviZxq evwnbx‡K wPb‡Z †c‡i wbqvwR‡K †Q‡o †`q| Gqvi wd‡ì wbqvwR‡K wb‡q †cuŠQ‡jI wec` Kv‡U bv| AmsL¨ gyw³evwnbxi m`m¨ XvKvq †cuŠ‡Q †M‡Q| wKš‘ ZL‡bv ch©vß fviZxq †mbv XvKvq G‡m †cuŠQqwb| GB cwiw¯’wZ‡Z wbqvwR‡K A¶Z Kxfv‡e †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b wb‡q hvIqv n‡e, ZLb †mUvB eo `ywðšÍv| GiB



wPÎÑK_b: wgÎevwnbx XvKvq Xy‡K c‡o‡Q| cvwK¯Ívwb †mbviv Rv‡b bv hy‡× Zviv civwRZ| ZL‡bv Zviv hy× Pvwj‡q hv‡”Q| †kivU‡bi mvg‡b cvwK¯Ívwb †mbv‡`i GKwU `j ZLb k³ Ae¯’v‡b| cvwK¯Ívwb Ae¯’v‡bi Kv‡Q G‡mB wgÎevwnbxi K‡b©j †K Gm cvbœy `yB nvZ gv_vi Dc‡i Zy‡j cvwK¯Ívwb †mbv Ae¯’v‡bi w`‡K Amgmvn‡m GwM‡q †M‡jb| kvšÍfv‡e ej‡jb Avi †Mvjv¸wj bq, hy× †kl| wenŸj cvwK¯Ívwb †mbviv wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ Avjvc Ki‡Q| d‡Uv: msM„nxZ



g‡a¨ Gqvi‡cv‡U© GK UªvK †evSvB gyw³‡hv×v G‡m `uvovq| R¨vKe cÖgv` †Mv‡Yb| SUcU †mB UªvK †_‡K wZbRb mk¯¿ gyw³‡hv×v †b‡g Av‡mb| mvg‡b `yÕR‡bi †cQ‡b k¥kÖægwÐZ †Pnvivi GK hyeK R¨vKe Avi wbqvwRi w`‡K `„p c`‡¶‡c †nu‡U Avm‡Z _v‡Kb| hye‡Ki Kuv‡a †gRi †Rbv‡i‡ji i¨v¼e¨vR jvMv‡bv Av‡Q| Kv‡Q Avm‡ZB R¨vKe Zv‡K wPb‡jbÑ wZwb Kv‡`i wmwÏKx, whwb Zvi exi‡Z¡i Rb¨ B‡Zvg‡a¨B ÔevNv Kv‡`iÕ bv‡g L¨vZ n‡q‡Qb| †`‡ki g‡a¨ †_‡K kÎæevwnbxi A¯¿ †K‡o wb‡q GK wecyj kw³ai evwnbx M‡o hy× K‡i †M‡Qb GB hyeK| R¨vKe wbqvwR‡K †cQ‡b 24 25



†i‡L Kv‡`i wmwÏKxi w`‡K GwM‡q hvb| wZwb Kv‡`i wmwÏKx‡K e‡jb, AvZ¥mgc©‡Yi Rb¨ wbqvwR‡K †eu‡P _vK‡Z n‡e|8 †Rbv‡ij wbqvwR wbj©‡¾i g‡Zv Kv‡`i wmwÏKxi w`‡K nvZ evwo‡q †`b| wbðzc `uvwo‡q _v‡Kb evNv Kv‡`i| fviZxq KgvÛvi bvMiv Kv‡`i wmwÏKx‡K `yÕevi e‡jb, ÔUvBMvi, civwR‡Zi m‡½ nvZ †gjvI|Õ Kv‡`i wmwÏKx e‡jb, Ôbvixi m¤£gniYKvix, Lywbi m‡½ nvZ †gjv‡j Avjøvn& Avgv‡K ¶gv Ki‡eb bv|Õ †cQb Ny‡i Kv‡`i wmwÏKx `„p c`‡¶‡c Uªv‡Ki w`‡K wd‡i hvb|9 gyw³evwnbxi Zid †_‡K †K _vK‡eb AvZ¥mgc©Y Abyôv‡b †mUv ZL‡bv w¯’i nqwb| gyw³hy‡×i me©vwabvqK †Rbv‡ij Imgvbx Av‡Qb iYv½b cwi`k©‡b| whwb fviZxq †mbvevwnbxi weª‡MwWqvi D¾¡j ¸ß Avi evsjv‡`k †mbvevwnbxi †jd&‡Ub¨v›U K‡b©j Avãyi ie‡K wb‡q evsjv‡`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i wm‡j‡U gy³ GjvKv cwi`k©‡b †M‡Qb| 13 wW‡m¤^i Imgvbx GB md‡ii cwiKíbv K‡ib| hy× cwiw¯’wZ †hfv‡e AMÖmi n‡”Q Ges P~ovšÍ cwiYwZi w`‡K hv‡”Q, Zv‡Z GLb gyw³hy‡×i me©vwabvq‡Ki evB‡i hvIqv wVK n‡e bvÑ GB g‡g© gyw³hy‡×i Dc-AwabvqK G †K L›`Kvi civgk© w`‡jI Imgvbx †mUvq KY©cvZ K‡ibwb|10



mvZ 13 wW‡m¤^i weKv‡j gy³ n‡q‡Q Kzwgjøv| GKUv Gg-8 †nwjKÞv‡i weª‡MwWqvi ¸‡ßi ZË¡veav‡b Kzwgjøv †cuŠ‡Qb †kL Kvgvj, Wv. Rvdiæjøvn †PŠayix, †Rbv‡ij Imgvbx Avi gyw³evwnbxi wPd Ae ÷vd †Rbv‡ij GgG ie| wekÖv‡gi Rb¨ Kzwgjøv mvwK©U nvD‡R †cuŠ‡Q mevB nZf¤^| Imgvbx mv‡ne‡K nvZ evwo‡q ÔwiwmfÕ Ki‡Qb K‡qKRb fviZxq evOvwj| G‡K G‡K Zviv cwiPq w`‡jbÑ ÔAvwg gyLvwR© AvBGGm; Avwg Mv½ywj AvBwcGm BZ¨vw`|Õ Ibviv ej‡jb, †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii wb‡`©‡k Zviv MZKvj GLv‡b †cuŠ‡Q‡Qb Kzwgjøv gy³ nIqvi m‡½ m‡½| Zviv kn‡ii AvBbk„•Ljv i¶v I wbivcËvi mgš^q Ki‡eb|11 16 wW‡m¤^i mKv‡j weª‡MwWqvi ¸ß Rvbv‡jb, AvR XvKvq cvwK¯Ívb †mbviv AvZ¥mgc©Y Ki‡e| Avðh©! Imgvbx mv‡ne GKev‡i Pzc, †Kv‡bv K_v



ej‡Qb bv| †Rbv‡ij Imgvbxi GwWwm, †kL gywR‡ei eo †Q‡j †kL Kvgvj Rvdiæjøvn †PŠayix‡K ej‡jv: m¨vi KLb iIbv n‡eb Zv †Zv ej‡Qb bv| Rvdi fvB, Avcwb hvbÑ wR‡Ám K‡i mgq †R‡b wbb| Aaxi AvMÖ‡n Avgiv mevB A‡c¶v KiwQ| Wv. Rvdiæjøvn wR‡Ám Kivq Imgvbx mv‡ne Bs‡iwR‡Z ej‡jb: XvKvi c‡_ iIbv nIqvi Rb¨ KjKvZv †_‡K cÖavbgš¿x ZvRDÏxb mv‡n‡ei †Kv‡bv wb‡`©k cvBwb| Avcbv‡K AW©vi †`‡e †K? Avcwb †Zv gyw³hy‡×i me©vwabvqK| Rvdiæjøvn ej‡jb| hyׇ¶‡Î Avwg m‡e©me©v; wKš‘ g~j Av‡`k Av‡m gwš¿mfv †_‡K cÖavbgš¿x Rbve ZvRDÏxb Avng‡`i eiv‡Z| welYœ gy‡L ej‡jb †Rbv‡ij Imgvbx| wZwb Avmbœ XvKv cZ‡bi msev` Rv‡bb Ges cÖevmx miKv‡ii wb‡`©‡ki A‡c¶v Ki‡Qb| m½x‡`i Aw¯’iZv `ªæZ evo‡Q Avi evo‡Q| †kL Kvgvj evievi Wv. Rvdiæjøvn‡K Pvc w`‡”Qb Avevi fv‡jv K‡i eywS‡q e‡j Imgvbx mv‡ne‡K ivwR Kiv‡Z, XvKv iIbv nIqvi Rb¨| NÈvLv‡bK ci †Rbv‡ij Imgvbx AZ¨šÍ †e`bvZvwoZ K‡É ej‡jb: Avgvi XvKvi c‡_ AMÖmi nIqvi wb‡`©k †bB| Avgv‡K ejv n‡q‡Q c‡i cÖevmx miKv‡ii m‡½ GK‡hv‡M XvKv †h‡Z, w`b¶Y ZvRDÏxb mv‡ne Rvbv‡eb| MYZ‡š¿i AvPi‡Y hy‡×i †mbvcwZ cÖavbgš¿xi Aaxb, GUvB mwVK weavb| wZwb weª‡MwWqvi ¸ß‡K †W‡K wR‡Ám Ki‡jb: wm‡j‡Ui Kx Ae¯’v? wm‡jU BR wK¬qvi| weª‡MwWqvi ¸ß Rvbv‡jb| Zvn‡j Pjyb Avgiv wm‡jU hvB| †mLv‡b wM‡q Avgvi evevgv‡qi Kei wRqviZ Ki‡ev, kvn&Rvjv‡ji cyY¨ gvRv‡i Avgvi c~e©cyiæliv Av‡Qb| †Rbv‡ij Imgvbx †kL Kvgvj‡K †W‡K mevB‡K ˆZwi n‡Z ej‡jb| Avav 26 27



NÈvi g‡a¨ †nwjKÞvi Do‡jv AvKv‡k, wbiæc`ªe hvÎv wm‡j‡Ui c‡_| cwi®‹vi AvKvk| †nwjKÞv‡ii hvÎx †Rbv‡ij Imgvbx I Zvi GwWwm †kL Kvgvj, gyw³evwnbxi wPd Ae ÷vd †Rbv‡ij GgG ie GgGbG, wi‡cvU©vi Avjøvgv, weª‡MwWqvi ¸ß, fviZxq `yB cvBjU Ges Wv. Rvdiæjøvn †PŠayix| †KD K_v ej‡Q bv, mevB bxie| AZwK©‡Z GKwU †cøb G‡m †nwjKÞv‡ii Pvwiw`‡K P°i w`‡q P‡j †Mj| nVvr †Mvjv we‡ùvi‡Yi AvIqvR, †fZ‡i †Rbv‡ij i‡ei AvZ©bv`, cvBjU wPrKvi K‡i ej‡jb: DB n¨vf web A¨vUvK&W| i‡ei Eiæ‡Z †Mvjvi AvNv‡Zi ci ciB Zvi KvwW©qvK G‡i÷ n‡jv| Wv. Rvdiæjøvn G·Uvb©vj KvwW©qvK g¨vmvR w`‡Z ïiæ Ki‡jb| cvBjU wPrKvi K‡i ej‡jb: ÔA‡qj U¨vsK wnU n‡q‡Q, †Zj †ewi‡q hv‡”Q, Avwg eo‡Rvi 10 wgwbU Do‡Z cvi‡evÕ e‡j ¸b‡Z ïiæ Ki‡jbÑ Iqvb, Uz, w_ª... †Ub... Uz‡qw›U... _vwU©... †dviwU... wddwU... wddwU bvBb, wm·wUÑ Iqvb wgwbU Mvb| Gfv‡eB cvBjU wgwbU ¸b‡Q, DwØMœ I wPwšÍZ cvBjU| axiw¯’ifv‡e cvBj‡Ui Avm‡b emv Ab¨ cvBjU| Imgvbx mv‡ne jvd w`‡q D‡V A‡qj U¨vs‡Ki Kv‡Q wM‡q `uvwo‡q wPrKvi K‡i ej‡jbÑ ÔRvdiæjøvn, wMf wg B‡qvi R¨v‡KU|Õ Wv. Rvdiæjøvni Mv‡qi R¨v‡KUUv Qz‡o w`‡j Imgvbx mv‡ne IUv w`‡q I‡qj U¨vs‡Ki dzUv e‡Üi †Póv Ki‡Z _vK‡jb| Bs‡iwR‡Z ej‡jb: fq †c‡qv bv evQviv, Avwg wm‡jU‡K Avgvi nv‡Zi Zvjyi g‡Zv wPwb| †h wegvbwU †_‡K wbLyuZfv‡e †nwjKÞv‡ii A‡qj U¨vsKv‡i ¸wj †Qvov n‡qwQj Zv cvwK¯Ív‡bi wQj bv GUv wbwðZ| cvwK¯Ív‡bi me wegvb K‡qK w`b Av‡M aŸsm n‡q‡Q wKsev MÖvD‡ÛW Kiv n‡q‡Q| ZvB AvµgYKvix wegvbwU fviZxq nevi m¤¢vebv me‡P‡q †ewk| †Mvjv Qz‡o †mUv nq‡Zv ¸qvnvwUi c‡_ P‡j †M‡Q| †Rbv‡ij Imgvbx wPrKvi K‡i wb‡P GKUv RvqMvi w`‡K AvOzj †`wL‡q ej‡jb:



GLv‡b bv‡gv| kÎæi ¸wji ¯^v` †bqvi Rb¨ Avgv‡K cÖ_g bvg‡Z `vI, hw` †Kv‡bv kÎæ GL‡bv †_‡K _v‡K| GB e‡j wZwb Ziæ‡Yi g‡Zv †nwjKÞvi †_‡K jvd w`‡q bvg‡jb| nVvr MÖvgevmx G‡m Imgvbx mv‡ne‡K wN‡i ai‡jvÑ Ô`ylgb AvB‡Q-†i-ev `ylgb AvB‡Q, `ylgb‡i ai|Õ ciÿ‡YB fv‡jv K‡i ZvwK‡q †`‡L nVvr wPrKvi K‡i DV‡jv: Avgv‡`i, K‡b©j mve-†i-ev| MÖvgevmx †Rbv‡ij Imgvbx‡K wN‡i bvP‡Z ïiæ Ki‡jv| RbZvi weRq-Djøv‡m †hb †Rbv‡ij i‡ei Nyg fvO‡jv, wZwb †PvL Ly‡j ZvKv‡jb, mevi gy‡L nvwm|11



AvU wm×všÍ n‡q‡Q, gyw³evwnbxi c‡¶ gyw³hy‡×i Dc-AwabvqK G †K L›`Kvi AvZ¥mgc©‡bi mg‡q XvKvq Dcw¯’Z _vK‡eb| wZwb ZLb Awd‡m wQ‡jb bv| Zv‡K Pvwiw`‡K †LuvR Ki‡Z Ki‡Z KjKvZv wbD gv‡K©‡Ui Kv‡Q cvIqv hvq| †mLvb †_‡KB Zv‡K `g`g Gqvi‡cv‡U© P‡j †h‡Z ejv nq| wZwb ZLb wmwfj †Wª‡m wQ‡jb| ZvB mvgwiK †cvkvK civi mgq cvbwb| cwiKíbv n‡q‡Q, `g`g †_‡K wegv‡b AvMiZjv wM‡q AvMiZjv †_‡K †nwjKÞv‡i Avmv n‡e XvKvq| XvKvi wegvbe›`‡i wegvb j¨vÛ Kivi Ae¯’v wQj bv, B‡Zvg‡a¨B fviZxq wegvbevwnbxi Avµg‡Y Zv weaŸ¯Í n‡q‡Q|10 `g`g Gqvi‡cv‡U© G †K L›`Kvi †`‡Lb, wgÎevwnbxi KgvÛvi †Rbv‡ij A‡iviv m¯¿xK wegv‡b DV‡Qb| A‡iviv Zvi ¯¿x‡K wb‡q XvKvq Avm‡QbÑ Zv fviZxq evwnbxi †Rbv‡ij R¨vKe Rvb‡Z cv‡ib A‡ivivi ¯¿x fvwšÍ A‡ivivi KvQ †_‡K| wg‡mm fvwšÍ A‡iviv Me©f‡i †Rbv‡ij R¨vKe‡K Rvwb‡qwQ‡jb, wZwb AvZ¥mgc©‡Yi Abyôv‡b A‡ivivi cv‡kB _vK‡eb| iYv½‡b ¯¿x‡K wb‡q bv Avmvi Rb¨ R¨vK‡ei Aby‡iva A‡iviv cvËv †`bwb| wZwb Zvi mvgwiK Rxe‡bi me‡P‡q †kŠh©¨gwÐZ Aa¨v‡qi Rb¨ mvwe©K cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡q‡Qb| ¯¿x‡K iYv½‡b wb‡q hvIqvUvI Zvi Ask| wZwb †mw`b KjKvZv †_‡K Mvp Kv‡jv Kvwji GKwU †kdvi&m& KjgI wK‡bwQ‡jb AvZ¥mgc©‡Yi 28 29



wPÎ-K_b: wfo †V‡j GwM‡q G‡jb ivB‡dj Kvu‡a Syjv‡bv, Kv‡jv Pvgovi R¨v‡K‡Ui Kjvi DuwP‡q GK mycyiæl gyw³‡hv×vÑ †gRi GwUGg nvq`vi| GB Kv‡jv R¨v‡KUUv †gRi nvq`v‡ii Lye wcªq| cvwK¯Ívb †mbvevwnbx‡Z _vKvi mgq cvwK¯Ív‡bi j¨vwÛ‡KvUvj gv‡K©U †_‡K wK‡bwQ‡jb| MZ Gwcª‡j wK‡kviMÄ weªR fvOvi mgq hLb K‡qK NÈvi Rb¨ wK‡kviM‡Äi evmvq wM‡qwQ‡jb, ZLb Zvi †QvU‡evb Av‡iK gyw³‡hv×v K¨v‡Þb wmZviv Ab¨ K‡qKUv Kvc‡oi m‡½ GB R¨v‡KUUvI w`‡q w`‡qwQ‡jb| GKcv‡k †Rbv‡ij A‡iviv gv‡S wbqvwR‡K †i‡L †gRi nvq`vi wfo †V‡j wbivcËv †eóbxi †fZ‡i XzK‡jb; Gici GwM‡q †M‡jb AvZ¥mgc©Y †Uwe‡ji w`‡K|



d‡Uv: msM„nxZ



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bq †Rbv‡ij R¨vKe Avi †Rbv‡ij wbqvwR Zv‡`i Af¨_©bv Rvbv‡bvi Rb¨ Gqvi‡cv‡U© Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb| Zv‡`i m‡½ wQ‡jb †gRi nvq`vi Avi mv‡eM wms| Gqvi‡cv‡U©i wbivcËvi `vwqZ¡ wb‡q‡Q wgÎevwnbx| †ZRMuv †_‡K mivmwi wR‡ci eni fviZxq I evsjv‡`wk †mbv Kg©KZ©v‡`i wb‡q igbvi w`‡K iIbv †`q| iv¯Ívq RbZvi Dc‡Pcov wfo, Kbf‡qi MwZ kø_| wR‡ci Av‡ivnxiv j¶¨ K‡ib, Pvwiw`‡K nvRvi nvRvi D”Q¡wmZ gvbyl iv¯Ívq †ewi‡q G‡m‡Q| mK‡ji †Pv‡L-gy‡L Acvi Avb›`| bq gv‡mi i³¶qx hy‡×i mv¶x GB Aeiæ× XvKv kn‡i AvR gyw³i Avb›`| c‡_ c‡_ Zviv wN‡i ai‡Qb gyw³‡hv×v‡`i, nvZ †gjv‡”Qb, m‡nv`‡ii g‡Zv ey‡K Rwo‡q ai‡Qb| gyûg©yû Djøv‡m †d‡U co‡Qb mevB| GK Acvw_©e Avb›` Zv‡`i †Pv‡Lgy‡L| †gRi nvq`v‡ii wRcwU wfo †V‡j A‡bK mvg‡b GwM‡q †Mj| weKvj cÖvq †cŠ‡b cuvPUv| wgÎevwnbx Avi cvwK¯Ívwb †mbvevwnbxi kxl© KgvÛvi‡`i Kbfq †im‡Kv‡m©i cv‡ki iv¯Ívq †cŠuQvq| igbvq ZZ¶‡Y RbZvi wfo, †mB wfo †V‡j mvg‡b G‡Mv‡bv gyk&wKj| wbqvwRi w`‡K ewl©Z nw”Qj wewfbœ Mvwj I wZi¯‹vi| wbqvwR‡K RbZv wQwb‡q wb‡q hvq wK-bv †mB Avk¼v mevi| wgÎevwnbx‡K w`‡q GKUv wbivcËv †eóbx ˆZwi Kiv n‡jv| wfo †V‡j GwM‡q G‡jb ivB‡dj Kuv‡a Szjv‡bv, Kv‡jv Pvgovi R¨v‡K‡Ui Kjvi DuwP‡q GK mycyiæl gyw³‡hv×vÑ †gRi GwUGg nvq`vi| GB Kv‡jv R¨v‡KUUv †gRi nvq`v‡ii Lye wcÖq| cvwK¯Ívb †mbvevwnbx‡Z _vKvi mgq cvwK¯Ív‡bi j¨vwÛ‡KvUvj gv‡K©U †_‡K wK‡bwQ‡jb| MZ GwcÖ‡j wK‡kviMÄ weªR fvOvi mgq hLb K‡qK NÈvi Rb¨ wK‡kviM‡Äi evmvq wM‡qwQ‡jb, ZLb Zvi †QvU‡evb Av‡iK gyw³‡hv×v K¨v‡Þb wmZviv Ab¨ K‡qKUv Kvc‡oi m‡½ GB R¨v‡KUUvI w`‡q w`‡qwQ‡jb| GKcv‡k †Rbv‡ij A‡iviv gv‡S wbqvwR‡K †i‡L †gRi nvq`vi wfo †V‡j wbivcËv †eóbxi †fZ‡i XzK‡jb; Gici GwM‡q †M‡jb AvZ¥mgc©Y †Uwe‡ji w`‡K|13 XvKv K¬ve †_‡K GKUv †Uwej Avi `yÕ‡Uv †Pqvi Avbv n‡qwQj| †mLv‡bB em‡jb `yB KgvÛvi| GKRb weRqx, Av‡iKRb wewRZÑ civwRZ| †Uwe‡j ivLv nq AvZ¥mgc©‡Yi `wjj| A‡bK kL K‡i wK‡b Avbv Kjg 30 31



GwM‡q †`b †Rbv‡ij A‡iviv| ¯^v¶i Ki‡Z wM‡q †Rbv‡ij wbqvwR †`L‡jb Kvwj Avm‡Q bv| `yÕ-`yÕevi SuvwK‡q wb‡q Avevi †Póv Kivq Ae‡k‡l Kvwj G‡jv| GB Pig Am¤§v‡bi `wjj ¯^v¶i Kivi mg‡q wbqvwRi Mjv ïwK‡q hvIqv ¯^vfvweK wQj| m‡½ m‡½ Kj‡gi KvwjI nq‡Zv ïwK‡q wM‡qwQj| AvZ¥mgc©‡Yi `wj‡j cÖ_g ¯^v¶i K‡ib †Rbv‡ij wbqvwR, Zvici ¯^v¶i Ki‡jb †Rbv‡ij A‡iviv| †Rbv‡ij wbqvwR `vuwo‡q Kuva †_‡K Gc‡jU Ly‡j †dj‡jb Ges j¨vwbqvW©mn wifj&fvi †Rbv‡ij A‡ivivi nv‡Z Zz‡j w`‡jb| †Rbv‡ij wbqvwRi †Pv‡L ZLb AkÖæ| Nwoi KuvUvq PviUv cÂvbœ wgwbU| Gic‡i civwRZ cvwK¯Ívwb evwnbxi evwK mKj m`m¨ A¯¿ mgc©Y I e¨vR †Lvjvi AvbyôvwbKZv cvjb Ki‡jb| XvKv kn‡ii mg¯Í evwo‡Z Mvp mey‡Ri g‡a¨ njy` i‡O ivOv‡bv evsjv‡`‡ki gvbwPÎ Aw¼Z cZvKv Do‡Z ïiæ Ki‡jv| igbv †im‡Kv‡m©i GB gq`v‡bB †kL gywRe 7B gv‡P© Zvi HwZnvwmK †NvlYv w`‡qwQ‡jbÑ ÔmvZ †KvwU gvbyl‡K `vev‡q ivL‡Z cviev bvÕ| Kx Ac~e© ms‡hvM| mewKQzB wVKVvK n‡jv, wKš‘ wg‡mm& fvwšÍ A‡ivivi Rb¨ Av‡iKUv AwZwi³ †Pqvi wQj bv| fvi‡Zi mvgwiK BwZnv‡m Af~Zc~e© NUbvwU NU‡jv bv, cvwK¯Ívwb †Rbv‡i‡ji AvZ¥mgc©‡Yi mgq exi fviZxq †Rbv‡ij ¯^vgxi evûjMœv n‡q _vKvi ¯^cœUv Zvi Ac~Y©B i‡q †Mj|16 GKRb divwm mvsevw`K GwM‡q G‡m †Rbv‡ij wbqvwR‡K wR‡Ám Ki‡jb: GLb Avcbvi Abyf~wZ Kx, UvBMvi? Rev‡e wbqvwR ej‡jb: Avwg Aembœ| cv‡k †_‡K A‡iviv †Rbv‡ij wbqvwRi mg_©‡b GwM‡q G‡m ej‡jb: GK Pig ˆeix cwi‡e‡k Zv‡K GK Am¤¢e `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q| †Kv‡bv †Rbv‡ijB G cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Gi †P‡q fv‡jv Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb bv|14 cvwK¯Ív‡bi GKKv‡ji Ô†jŠngvbeÕ wdì gvk©vj AvBqye Lvb †mB iv‡Z, BwZnv‡mi †mB mgvcbx c‡e©, Zvi †ivRbvgPvq wjL‡jbÑ Ô†e`bv`vqK n‡jI evOjvi GB wefvRb wQj Aek¨¤¢vex I Awbevh©| wecyj msL¨vMwiô RbZv GB KznKx wek¦v‡m g‡R wQj †h, cwðg cvwK¯Ívwbiv Zv‡`i kÎæ| fv‡jv n‡Zv, hw` Avgv‡`i kvm‡Kiv mgqg‡Zv GUv Dcjwä K‡i fvi‡Zi nv‡Z Gi A‡¯¿vcPv‡ii `vwqZ¡ bv w`‡q kvwšÍc~Y©fv‡e evOvwj‡`i P‡j †h‡Z w`Z|Õ15



m~Î: 1. wbqvwRi AvZ¥mgc©‡Yi `wjj; wmwÏK mvwjK, fvlvšÍi: gvmy`yj nK, RvZxq mvwnZ¨ cÖKvk, †deªæqvwi 2007, c„ôv: 194-195 2. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 200-201 3. History: The Fall of Dhaka From Bihari Eyes; Engr. Imtiaz Alam Khan, 15 December 2019 4. gyw³hy× Kv‡`wiqv evwnbxi Rbhy×; e½exi Kv‡`i wmwÏKx exiDËg, wPÎv, 2017, c„ôv: 288 5. gyw³hy× I Zvici : GKwU wb`©jxq BwZnvm; †Mvjvg gyiwk`, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, Rvbyqvwi 2010, c„ôv: 162 6. wbqvwRi AvZ¥mgc©‡Yi `wjj; wmwÏK mvwjK, fvlvšÍi: gvmy`yj nK, RvZxq mvwnZ¨ cÖKvk, †deªæqvwi 2007, c„ôv: 200-201 7. gyw³hy‡× †gRi nvq`vi I Zvi we‡qvMvšÍ we`vq; Rwniæj Bmjvg, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, †deªæqvwi 2013, c„ôv: 144-147 8. mv‡iÛvi A¨vU XvKv : GKwU RvwZi Rb¥; †j. †Rbv‡ij †R Gd Avi R¨vKe, Avwbmyi ingvb Ab~w`Z, BDwcGj, Rvbyqvwi 2016, c„ôv: 114-119 9. evNv wmwÏKx ej‡jb, nvZ †gjv‡ev bv wbqvwRi m‡½; wbR¯^ cÖwZ‡e`K, evsjv‡`k cÖwZw`b, 15 wW‡m¤^i 2016 10. 1971 : †fZ‡i evB‡i; G †K L›`Kvi, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, AvM÷ 2014, c„ôv: 207 11. gyw³hy‡×i K‡qKwU LÐwPÎ; Wv. †gvt Rvdiæjøvn †PŠayix, 18 wW‡m¤^i 2017 ewYK evZ©vq cÖKvwkZ 12. mv‡iÛvi A¨vU XvKv : GKwU RvwZi Rb¥; †j. †Rbv‡ij †R Gd Avi R¨vKe, Avwbmyi ingvb Ab~w`Z, BDwcGj, Rvbyqvwi 2016, c„ôv: 120 13. gyw³hy‡× †gRi nvq`vi I Zvi we‡qvMvšÍ we`vq; Rwniæj Bmjvg, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, †deªæqvwi 2013, c„ôv: 148-151 14. `¨ we‡Uªqvj Ae B÷ cvwK¯Ívb; †j. †R. G G †K wbqvwR, Abyev`: Wv. wgRvbyi ingvb K‡jøvj, Avdmvi eªv`vm©, AvM÷ 2016, c„ôv: 269 15. weR‡qi cÖ_g m~‡h©v`q; mv¾v` kwid, cÖ_g Av‡jv, 16 wW‡m¤^i 2016 16. †mw`‡bi weRq wgwQj, gyw³Kvgx evOvwji mePvB‡Z Avb‡›`i gyn~Z©| IB †mvbvjx gyn~Z©wU ü`‡q wkniY RvMvq| bv Rvwb mvZ †KvwU evOvwji g‡b wK e‡q wM‡qwQj GB w`‡b! †mB wfwWIwU †`L‡Z wb‡Pi wKDAvi‡KvWwU ¯‹¨vb Kiæb:



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wZb ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¥ n‡jv| hviv cvwK¯Ívb Av‡›`vjb K‡iwQ‡jb Zv‡`i mevB cÖexY| Zv‡`i Kv‡iv Kv‡iv gy‡L weRqxi Avb‡›`i e`‡j wewR‡Zi †e`bvi Qvc c‡owQj e‡U, wKš‘ †m †e`bvi †mv”Pvi ewntcÖKvk Zviv NUvbwb| GB cÖexY‡`i g‡a¨ hviv fvi‡Zi kiYv_©x wkwe‡i wQ‡jb Zviv wbtk‡ã GB mgqUv cvi KiwQ‡jb| G GK ˆecixZ¨c~Y© gvbwmK Ae¯’vb| wecix‡Z kiYv_©x wkwe‡i wn›`y cÖexY‡`i weR‡qi Djøvm cÖKv‡ki mxgv Qvwo‡q wM‡qwQj| kiYv_©x wkwe‡i ÔcÖexY gymwjgÕ‡`i wecix‡Z ÔcÖexY wn›`yÕ‡`i Djøvm †hb wQj nviv‡bv m¤úwˇZ AwaKvi wd‡i cvIqvi Djøvm| cvK †mbv‡`i AvZ¥mgc©‡Yi Lei †kvbvi m‡½ m‡½ Zviv †h me †mv”Pvi ¯^M‡Zvw³ K‡i PjwQ‡jb, Zv‡Z †Kv‡bv ivR‰bwZK wePvi-we‡ePbvi cÖKvk wQj bv| wKsev wQj bv †Kv‡bv gbbkxj ms¯‹…wZ-†PZbvi cwiPq| GKvšÍ ¯’~j ¯^v_©‡PZbv wKsev cÖwZ‡kva¯ú„nvB Zv‡`i G‡KKR‡bi K_vevZ©vq Abve„Z n‡q cowQj| cv‡ki evwoi ÔAgyK DwÏbÕ MZ PweŸkwU eQi a‡i Zv‡K R¡vjvZb Ki‡Q, ÔAgyK AvwjÕ Zvi Rwg †e`Lj K‡i †i‡L‡Q, ÔAgyK †nv‡mbÕ Zv‡K A‡nZzK bvbv K_v ïwb‡q‡QÑ ¯§„wZi Suvwc †_‡K IB meB mv‡ci g‡Zv wKjwej K‡i †ewi‡q AvmwQj| DwÏb-Avwj-†nv‡mb‡`i Gevi Avi i¶v †bB, †`‡k wM‡qB †Zv I‡`i nv‡Zi bvMv‡j cvIqv hv‡e| †`kUv ¯^vaxb n‡jv Kv‡`i K…cvq? ÔAvgv‡`iÕ Bw›`iv MvÜx mvnvh¨ w`‡qwQj e‡jB †ZvÑ bv n‡j †evSv †hZ KZ av‡b KZ Pvj! GB wPšÍvB cieZ©xKv‡j cjøweZ n‡q bvbv mvgvwRK I ivR‰bwZK mgm¨vi Rb¥ w`‡qwQj|5 cvwK¯Ív‡bi AvZ¥mgc‡Y©i Lei KjKvZvq †cuŠQ‡ZB KjKvZv Djøv‡m †d‡U co‡jv| Pvwiw`‡K evwR dzU‡Q, †jvKRb iv¯Ívq †b‡g G‡m‡Q| Bw›`iv MvÜxi Qwe wb‡q GK`j †jvK wmwcG‡gi Awdm ZQbQ K‡i `Lj wb‡Z ïiæ Ki‡jv| Ks‡MÖ‡mi Kv‡Q GUv wQj Bw›`ivi weR‡qi B‡gR Kv‡R jvwM‡q wmwcGg‡K cwðge½ †_‡K weZvo‡bi GKUv gIKv|6 17 wW‡m¤^i 1971; mKvj 8Uv 10 wgwbU| ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki ivRavbx



XvKvi †iwWI †_‡K cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv †f‡m G‡jv gyw³‡hv×v d‡Zn& Avjx †PŠayixi Kɯ^i| wZwb †NvlYv w`‡jb: GLb RvwZi D‡Ï‡k wKQy ej‡eb †m±i UzÕi KgvÛvi-Bb-PvR© †gRi Avey Zv‡ni †gvnv¤§` nvq`vi| B_v‡i †f‡m G‡jv GK `„ß Kɯ^i: Avwg †gRi nvq`vi ejwQ| wcÖq †`kevmx, Avgv‡`i wcÖq †`k‡K gy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avgv‡`i †`k GLb gy³| Avcbviv mevB GLb gy³ evsjv‡`‡ki bvMwiK| mKj †Mwijvi cÖwZ Avgvi wb‡`©kÑ AvBbk„•Ljv i¶v Ki‡Z n‡e| †Kv_vI †hb AvBbk„•Ljv webó bv nq| jyUcvU eÜ Ki‡Z n‡e| GjvKvq GjvKvq cvnvivi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| hZw`b ch©šÍ cÖevmx evsjv‡`k miKvi †`‡k wd‡i `vwqZ¡ bv †b‡eb, ZZw`b ch©šÍ †Mwijv‡`i hvi hvi GjvKvq AvBbk„•Ljv i¶v Ki‡Z n‡e| RbM‡Yi cÖwZ Avgvi Av‡e`bÑ AvBbk„•Ljv i¶v Kiæb| Avj&-e`i, Avj&-kvg&m, ivRvKvi I `vjvj‡`i awi‡q w`b| wbR nv‡Z AvBb Zz‡j †b‡eb bv| GKBfv‡e 17 wW‡m¤^i 1971-G weKvj 4Uv 30 wgwb‡U †gRi nvq`vi, gyw³‡hv×v d‡Zn& Avjx †PŠayix, gyw³‡hv×v AvwZKzi ingvb, gyw³‡hv×v Avjg, gyw³‡hv×v kwn`mn Av‡iv K‡qKRb wg‡j wWAvBwU fe‡bi wUwf †m›Uv‡i †cuŠ‡Qb| kvgmyj û`v †PŠayix, kvnv`vZ †PŠayix, Avãyjøvn& Avj gvgyb, mwLbv Av³vimn Av‡iv K‡qKR‡bi mn‡hvwMZvq d‡Zn& Avjx †PŠayixi †NvlYvi ci †gRi nvq`v‡ii e³e¨ cÖPvwiZ nq| c‡i Zvi e³e¨wUi Bs‡iwR w¯ŒÞ cvV K‡ib gyw³‡hv×v AvwZKzi ingvb|7



Pvi AvZ¥mgc©Y wb‡q Av‡jvPbvq mve¨¯Í nq, 16 wW‡m¤^i AvZ¥mgc©‡Yi `wjj ¯^v¶wiZ n‡jI †Rbv‡ij wbqvwR I Zvi evwnbx ZLbB A¯¿ mgc©Y Ki‡e bv| †Rbv‡ij R¨vKe 18 wW‡m¤^i ch©šÍ Zv‡`i A¯¿ ivLvi AbygwZ †`b| d‡j cvwK¯Ívwb evwnbx hy×ew›` n‡jI XvKv †mbvwbev‡m Zv‡`i Ae¯’vb wQj mk¯¿| G GK A™¢yZ cwiw¯’wZ| cvwK¯Ívwb ˆmb¨‡`i GB fxwZ Lye Aev¯Íe wQj bv; Zviv Rvb‡Zv, Zv‡`i K…ZKg© evOvwjiv KL‡bv ¶gv Ki‡e bv| cvwK¯Ívwb evwnbx‡K mvgbvmvgwb †c‡j gyw³‡hv×viv Zv‡`i Av¯Í ivL‡Zv bv|



38 39



wPÎ-K_b: 17 wW‡m¤^i 1971 KjKvZvq A¯’vqx miKv‡ii cªavbgš¿x nv‡m¨v¾¡j ZvRDÏxb Avng`| `~‡i †`Lv hv‡”Q A¯’vqx ivó«cwZ ˆmq` bRiæj Bmjvg‡K| ZvRDÏxb Avng`‡K ïay cvwK¯Ív‡bi weiæ‡×B bq, wbR `‡ji weiæ‡× wbišÍi jovB K‡i evOvwj RvwZ‡K weRq Dcnvi w`‡qwQ‡jb| AvR‡K Zvui †Pv‡L-gy‡L weR‡qi Avb›` Avi gy³ ¯^vaxb ¯^‡`‡k †divi AvKzwZ, ey‡K ¯^cœ| wKš‘ ZvRDÏx‡bi GB ¯^cœ wKQyw`b c‡iB `yt¯^‡cœ cwiYZ n‡e †mUv nq‡Zv †mw`b †KD Kíbv‡ZI Av‡bbwb| d‡Uv: msM„nxZ



cvwK¯Ívwb evwnbxi wech©q m¤ú‡K© †Rbv‡ij Av‡iviv 17 wW‡m¤^i e‡jwQ‡jb, †gNbv I gaygZx b`xi ga¨eZ©x A‡j Zv‡`i Ae¯’vb †K›`ªxf~Z Ki‡j, Avgvi g‡b nq, Zviv Av‡iv K‡qK gvm wU‡K _vK‡Z cvi‡Zv|8 wZb w`b ci 19 wW‡m¤^i XvKv †mbvwbev‡mi Mj&d gv‡V A¯¿ mgc©Y K‡i cvwK¯Ívwb evwnbxi 30 nvRvi ˆmb¨| Zv‡`i c‡¶ †bZ…Z¡ †`b †gRi †Rbv‡ij ivI digvb Avjx| wgÎevwnbxi c‡¶ fviZxq †mbvevwnbxi †gRi †Rbv‡ij ¯^MZ wms A¯¿ MÖnY K‡ib| ÔAwdmvi&m& ûuwkqvi! nvwZqvi evnvi Rwgb!Õ cvwK¯Ívwb ¯’jevwnbxi †gRi †Rbv‡ij Rvg‡k` KgvÛ †`evi m‡½ m‡½ †ejv 10Uv 45 wgwb‡U XvKv K¨v›Ub‡g‡›Ui Mj&d gv‡V meyR Nv‡mi Ici 478 Rb cvwK¯Ívwb Awdmvi Zv‡`i A¯¿¸‡jv mvwR‡q ivL‡jb| Zvici GK cv wcwQ‡q wM‡q A¨v‡Ub&kb& n‡q `uvov‡jb| fviZxq †mbvevwnbxi K‡qKRb Awdmvi wM‡q A¯¿¸‡jv Kzwo‡q wb‡jb| bvbv ai‡bi A¯¿Ñ wc¯Íj, wifj&fvi, GjGgwR, †÷bMvb| wW‡m¤^‡ii m~‡h©i w`‡K gyL K‡i w¤ªqgvY welYœ gy‡L K¨v›Ub‡g‡›Ui w`‡K ZvwK‡qwQ‡jb cvKevwnbxi `xN©‡`nx †Rbv‡ij ivI digvb Avwj| wVK †mB gyn~‡Z© K¨v›Ub‡g‡›Ui wewfbœ BDwb‡U Zvi evwnbxi 30 nvRvi civwRZ ˆmb¨ wb‡R‡`i nvwZqvi mgc©Y K‡iwQj|9 †mw`bB evsjv‡`k-fviZ †hŠ_ evwnbxi cÖavb †j. †Rbv‡ij RMwRr wms Av‡iviv e‡jb: fviZxq evwnbx cÖ‡qvR‡bi AwZwi³ mgq evsjv‡`‡k Ae¯’vb Ki‡e bv|10 wKš‘ ÔcÖ‡qvRbxq mgqÕ †KvbUv †m wel‡q wZwb wKQz e‡jbwb|



cvuP gyw³hy× Ges cvK-fviZ hy× msµvšÍ mg¯Í `wj‡j D‡jøL Av‡QÑ †mw`b †_‡K evsjv‡`‡k cÖvq GK jvL cvwK¯Ívwb ˆmb¨ fvi‡Zi hy×ew›` nq| GgbwK wmgjv Pzw³‡ZI GK jvL ˆm‡b¨i K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| fz‡ÆvI bvbv e³‡e¨ 96 nvRvi ˆm‡b¨i K_v D‡jøL Ki‡Zb| wKš‘ B÷vb© Kgv‡Û cvwK¯Ív‡bi wbqwgZ evwnbxi ˆmb¨ wQj gvÎ 34 nvRvi| †iÄvm©, ¯‹vDU, wgwjwkqv I †emvgwiK cywjk wgwj‡q Av‡iv 11 nvRvi| me wgwj‡q B÷vb© Kgv‡Ûi mk¯¿ m`m¨ wQj 45 nvRvi| B÷vb© Kgv‡Ûi m`i `ßi, mvgwiK AvBb cÖkvm‡Ki Kvh©vjq, wW‡cv, cÖwk¶Y BÝwUwUDU, IqvK©&kc I d¨v±wi cÖnivq wb‡qvwRZ e¨w³, bvm©, gwnjv Wv³vi, cvPK, †avcv, bvwcZmn 40 41



wnmve Ki‡j G wnmve eo †Rvi 55 nvRv‡i †cuŠ‡Q| 45 nvRv‡ii evB‡i hv‡`i aiv n‡q‡Q Zviv †emvgwiK Kg©KZ©v, Kg©Pvix, gwnjv I wkï|11 ZeyI GB GK jvL cvwK¯Ívwb †mbvi K_v †Kb cÖPvwiZ n‡qwQj †mUv GK we¯§q| Aek¨ Dc‡i D‡jøwLZ wnmve cvwK¯Ív‡bi c~e©vÂjxq wewRZ †mbvcÖavb †Rbv‡ij wbqvwRi †`qv wnmve| GgbwK fviZxq msm‡` 1972 Gi 14 GwcÖj cvwK¯Ívwb hy×ew›`‡`i GKZv wnmve `vwLj Kiv nq †mBLv‡b mvgwiK evwnbx I c¨vivwgwjUvwi evwnbxmn †gvU 74,081 Rb hy×ew›`i GKUv ZvwjKv †`qv nq| Z‡e c‡i ejv nq 704 R‡bi wnmv‡e Miwgj Av‡Q Avi wmwfwjqvb ew›`i msL¨v 16,370 Rb|15 cvwK¯Ívwb hy×ew›`i msL¨v †Kvbfv‡eB GK jÿ bq| Ab¨ A‡bK wnmv‡ei g‡ZvB GB msL¨vwU GL‡bv AgxgvswmZ †_‡K †M‡Q| wbR evwnbx j¾vRbKfv‡e AvZ¥mgc©Y Kiv m‡Ë¡I IBw`b mܨvq Bqvwnqv ÔP~ovšÍ weRq Aewa hy× Pvjv‡bvi msKíÕ cÖKvk K‡ib| cvwK¯Ív‡bi me©Î GB civR‡qi cÖwZwµqvq ciw`b 17 wW‡m¤^i fvOPzi, `v½v Avi MYwe‡¶vf ïiæ nq|12 civwRZ cvwK¯Ívwb †mbv‡`i fvi‡Z ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii cÖwµqv ïiæ nq 20 wW‡m¤^i| GB cÖwµqv 1972 mv‡ji Rvbyqvwii †kl ch©šÍ P‡j|13 GB ee©i evwnbx †cQ‡b †d‡j hvq wbg©g aŸsm, wbh©vZb, i³cvZ Avi Acgv‡bi BwZnvm| Ônvg hv ivnv n¨vq, †jwKb exR †Qvo Kvi hv ivnv n¨vqÕ| XvKv K¨v›Ub‡g›U †_‡K fviZxq †mbvi cÖnivq cieZ©x MšÍ‡e¨ hvIqvi cÖv°v‡j nZvk I ÿzä GK cvwK¯Ívwb †mbv mg‡eZ D”Q¡wmZ evOvwj‡`i D‡Ï‡k KzrwmZ A½fw½‡Z GB K_vUvB e‡jwQj|14 GB †QvÆ K_vi g‡a¨B jywK‡q wQj mv‡o bq gvm a‡i evOvwj bvix‡`i Ici ¯§iYKv‡ji me‡P‡q wbg©g AZ¨vPv‡ii BwZnvm, hv ¯‹zjQvÎx †_‡K weaev eq¯‹ gwnjv, ew¯Íevmx bvix †_‡K GwjU kû‡i ga¨we‡Ëi Kb¨v‡KI ev` iv‡Lwb|



m~Î: 1. Bihari : The Indian Emigres in Bangladesh; Ahmed Ilias, December 2003, Shamsul Huque Foundation, Syedpur, Bangladesh, Page: 119120 2. gywReevwnbx †_‡K MYevwnbx : BwZnv‡mi cybc©vV; AvjZvd cvi‡fR, HwZn¨, †deªæqvwi 2015, c„ôv: 169-170 3. Rvm‡`i DÌvb cZb : Aw¯’i mg‡qi ivRbxwZ; gwnDwÏb Avng`, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, 2014, c„ôv: 30 4. History: The Fall of Dhaka From Bihari Eyes; Engr. Imtiaz Alam Khan, 15 December 2019 5. cvwK¯Ív‡bi f~Z `k©b; hZxb miKvi, RvZxq mvwnZ¨ cÖKvk, 2013, c„ôv: 17-18 6. kZvãx †cwi‡q; nvq`vi AvKei Lvb i‡bv, Zid`vi cÖKvkbx, 2012, c„ôv: 288-289 7. gyw³hy‡× †gRi nvq`vi I Zvi we‡qvMvšÍ we`vq; Rwniæj Bmjvg, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, †deªæqvwi 2013, c„ôv: 155-156 8. evsjv‡`‡ki ivR‰bwZK NUbvcwÄ 1971-2015; gynv¤§` nvweeyi ingvb, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, †deªæqvwi 2014, c„ôv: 28 9. gnvb weRq w`em AvR, 16 wW‡m¤^i AvZ¥mgc©Y, 19 wW‡m¤^i A¯¿mgc©Y; wbR¯^ cÖwZ‡e`K, cÖ_g Av‡jv, 16 wW‡m¤^i 2015 10. evsjv‡`‡ki ivR‰bwZK NUbvcwÄ 1971-2015; gynv¤§` nvweeyi ingvb, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, †deªæqvwi 2014, c„ôv: 29 11. `¨ we‡Uªqvj Ae B÷ cvwK¯Ívb; †j. †R. G G †K wbqvwR, Abyev`: Wv. wgRvbyi ingvb K‡jøvj, Avdmvi eªv`vm©, AvM÷ 2016, c„ôv: 271 12. g~javiv Õ71; gC`yj nvmvb, BDwcGj, gvP© 2013, c„ôv: 202 13. wbqvwRi AvZ¥mgc©‡Yi `wjj; wmwÏK mvwjK, fvlvšÍi: gvmy`yj nK, RvZxq mvwnZ¨ cÖKvk, †deªæqvwi 2011, c„ôv: 203 14. The Year of the Vulture; Amita Malik, Orient Longman, 1972, Page: 154 15. A History of the Pakistan Army: Wars and Insurrections; Brian Cloughley, Carrel Books 5th edition, page: 530



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wPÎ-K_b: AvZ¥mgc©‡Yi c‡i Lyjbvq cvwK¯Ívwb evwnbxi Rgv †`qv A‡¯¿i GKvsk d‡Uv: msM„nxZ



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wPÎ-K_b: iYv½‡b †gRi Rwjj whwb fviZxq evwnbxi jyUcv‡Ui cÖwZev` Kivq ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡k ¸g nb| wZwbB wQ‡jb evsjv‡`‡k ¸‡gi wkKvi cÖ_g wfKwUg| cieZ©x‡Z wZwb RvZxq mgvRZvwš¿K `j Rvm‡`i mfvcwZi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| d‡Uv: msM„nxZ



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wPÎ-K_b: Qv·bZv‡`i wkÿv-†PZbv-Dcjwä I ivóªxq mve©‡fŠgZ¡ ¯^vaxbZv hy‡× weR‡qi gvÎ Kzwo w`b ci, QvÎjx‡Mi cÖwZôvevwl©Kx‡Z ivRavbx‡Z †K›`ªxq knx` wgbv‡i mg‡eZ n‡q‡Qb QvÎjx‡Mi †K›`ªxq †bZviv, kc_evK¨ D”PviY Ki‡QbÑ †`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv I mve©‡fŠgZ¡ AÿzYœ ivL‡eb| ZLbKvi Qv·bZviv, hviv cÖavbZ QvÎjxM I QvÎ BDwbq‡bi mv‡_ hy³ wQ‡jb Ges hv‡`i cÖvq mK‡ji bv‡gi mv‡_B Ôgyw³hy‡×i msMVKÕ cwiPqwU hy³ n‡qwQj, Zviv mK‡jB wQ‡jb gyL‡Pbv| cieZ©xKv‡ji ivR‰bwZK NUbvcÖev‡n G‡`i A‡bK‡KB bvbv myc‡_ wKsev wec‡_ avweZ n‡Z †`Lv †M‡Q| wKš‘ †mUv cieZ©x Aa¨v‡qi AR©b wKsev AvZ¥wemR©b| we‡kølYx `„wó‡KvY †_‡K cÖkœ n‡”Q, Avgv‡`i ¯^vwaKvi msMÖvg I Zv †_‡K ¯^vaxbZv hy× ch©šÍ †cuŠQevi P~ovšÍ ce©, 1969 †_‡K Õ71 ch©v‡q Ômgv‡R wecyjfv‡e mgv`„Z, †`kevmxi wcÖqÕ Qv·bZviv RvZxq PwiÎ wbY©q I wba©vi‡Y KZUv eyw×`xß, fwel¨rgyLx I ev¯Íem¤§Z †PZbvi cwiPq w`‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb| RvwZi fvM¨ wba©viYx ivRbxwZi MwZcÖevn wbqš¿Y wKsev Zvi Ici cÖfve we¯Ív‡ii Kv‡j GB Qv·bZviv RvZxq BwZnvm-HwZn¨ Ges cÖZ¨vkv I jÿ¨ m¤ú‡K© KZUv IqvwKdnvj Avi mZK© wQ‡jb| †`‡ki mvgvwRK I ivR‰bwZK BwZnv‡mi we‡kølKiv BwZg‡a¨B RvZxq BwZnv‡mi GB c‡e©i Qv·bZv‡`i mvaviYfv‡e ¯^íwkwÿZ I A`~i`k©x wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Ki‡Z ïiæ K‡i‡Qb| c~e© evOjvq cvwK¯Ív‡bi Jcwb‡ewkK kvm‡bi Kv‡j GB Qv·bZv‡`i g‡a¨ †h mgvRZvwš¿K aviYvi Rb¥ nq, ¯^vaxbZv mgvRZš¿ I RvZxqZvev` m¤ú‡K© †h †PZbv I wek¦vm ˆZwi nq, Zv wQj A¯^”Q-AcK¡ I AMfxi| wewfbœ †`‡k Gme Av`‡k©i cÖKvk¨ mvdj¨ I kw³gËv Zv‡`i we‡gvwnZ 46 47



K‡iwQj| wKš‘ Gme Av`k© AbymiY Ges Abykxjb I e¨envwiK cÖ‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ †h Av`wk©K Zvobv, Z¨vM-wZwZÿv, e¨w³ I mgwóMZ mshg-wgZvPv‡ii cÖ‡qvRb nq †mB wkÿv-†eva-Dcjwä wQj bv Zv‡`i| A‡bK †ÿ‡Î Zviv eûj Av‡jvwPZ AvÂwjK ivR‰bwZK, A_©‰bwZK I mvgwiK wbqš¿Y Kâvq ivL‡Z B”QzK we‡`wk kw³i Øviv DØy×, wbqwš¿Z I cwiPvwjZ wQ‡jb| mshy³ QwewU‡Z ¯^vaxbZv AR©‡bi gvÎ KÕw`b ci Av‡jvP¨ Qv·bZv‡`i KÕRb‡K bexb Ôiv‡óªi ¯^vaxbZv I mve©‡fŠgZ¡ mgybœZ ivLvi kc_Õ wb‡Z †`Lv hv‡”Q| wKš‘ IB mgqB ¯^vaxbZv hy‡× mnvqZvKvix wgÎevwnbxiƒcx fviZxq mvgwiK evwnbxi Awdmvi I ˆmwbKiv mg¯Í ivR‰bwZK I mvgwiK ixwZbxwZ c``wjZ K‡i hy×weaŸ¯Í evsjv‡`‡ki mnvq-m¤ú` jyɇb e¨¯Í wQj| miKvwi†emiKvwi wgj-KjKviLvbv, d¨v±wi-IqvK&©kc, wW‡cv-†MvWvDb, mgy`ªMvgx RvnvR, evm-UªvK-†gvUiKvi jyU, AvaywbK Nievwoi hveZxq wdwUsm&, g~j¨evb hš¿cvwZ, wd«R, wUwf, Kv‡c©U †_‡K ïiæ K‡i mewKQz Zviv UªvK †evSvB K‡i mxgv‡šÍi Icv‡i cvVv‡Z ïiæ Ki‡jv| mvgwiK ixwZbxwZ j•Nb K‡i cvwK¯Ív‡bi AšÍZ PviwU wWwfk‡bi wekvj evwnbxi wecyj cwigvY nvjKv †_‡K fvwi mgy`q A¯¿ I †Mvjv¸wj, hveZxq muv‡Rvqv hvb I K‡qK nvRvi †emvgwiK I mvgwiK hvbevnb, wecyjmsL¨K cÖvB‡fU Kvi, fvwi Kvgvb jyU K‡i wb‡q hvq fviZxq †mbvevwnbx| evav w`‡qwQ‡jb `wÿY-cwðgv‡ji beg †m±i KgvÛvi †gRi Rwjj| GRb¨ fviZxqiv Zv‡K ¸g K‡i Ges gywRe miKvi wgwWqv †mÝiwk‡ci gva¨‡g AvovB gvm †mB ¸‡gi NUbv †Mvcb iv‡L| GRb¨ gywRe miKvi †gRi Rwj‡ji †KvU© gvk©vjI K‡iwQj| wKš‘ gyw³hy‡×i msMVK wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ †mw`‡bi Qv·bZv‡`i mve©‡fŠg‡Z¡i GB Bmy¨‡Z we›`ygvÎ f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z †`Lv hvqwb| fviZxq ˆmb¨‡`i jyɇbi weiæ‡× Ôgyw³hy‡×i msMVKÕ GB Qv·bZv‡`i †Kv‡bv iKg cÖwZev` Rvbv‡Z †`‡Lwb m`¨¯^vaxb evsjv‡`k| †mw`‡bi †mB kc_ Abyôv‡b mvg‡bi mvwi‡Z wQ‡jb †Zvdv‡qj Avn‡g`, Avãyj KzÏym gvLb, b~‡i Avjg wmwÏKx, kvRvnvb wmivR, Av m g Avãyi ie cÖgyL| d‡Uv: msM„nxZ



fviZxq evwnbxi jyUcv‡Ui weiæ‡× GB exi †m±i KgvÛvi RbMY‡K m‡½ wb‡q mwµq cÖwZ‡iva M‡o Zzj‡jb| djI †c‡jb `ªæZ| 28 wW‡m¤^i wZwb h‡kvi †_‡K AšÍwn©Z nb|6 †gRi Rwjj c‡i Rvbvb, 31 wW‡m¤^i fviZxq evwnbxi nv‡Z wZwb ¸g nb| h‡kvi †mbvwbev‡mi Awdmvm© †KvqvU©v‡ii GKwU wbR©b evwo‡Z Zv‡K AvUK ivLv nq| evwowU wQj cvwK¯Ívwb evwnbxi GKwU wbh©vZb †mj| evwowU AÜKvi, iæ‡g gvby‡li i‡³i `vM I G‡jv‡g‡jv †Quov Pzj, wKQy biK¼vj, m‡½ kKzb Avi †kqv‡ji Dcw¯’wZi g‡a¨ GKUv Lv‡U wW‡m¤^‡ii kx‡Zi iv‡Z Avav‡Quov K¤^j Mv‡q w`‡q †`‡ki cÖ_g ivRew›` GK exi gyw³‡hv×v †gRi Rwjj ïb‡Z †c‡jb cv‡kB fviZxq †mbv‡`i el©ei‡Yi Djøvm, bZ©Kxi NyOz‡ii kã Avi †mBm‡½ bvix-cyiæ‡li njøv|7 †gRi Rwj‡ji GB ¸g nevi msev` AvovB gvm c‡i miKvi ¯^xKvi K‡i|8 GUvB wQj ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g wgwWqv †mÝiwkc| GB exi gyw³‡hv×v Rwjj gyw³hy‡×i mgq wQ‡jb †`‡ki KwbôZg †gRi| cvwK¯Ívb Avwg©i muv‡Rvqv evwnbxi m`m¨ Ges AKz‡Zvfq GK ˆmwbK| Rwj‡ji m‡½ †mw`b fviZxq evwnbx Av‡iv ¸g K‡i GKB †m±‡ii AvMiZjv gvgjvq Awfhy³ †bŠevwnbxi cÖv³b wjwWs wm-g¨vb myjZvbDwÏb Avn‡g` I †gv. Lyiwk`‡K| evwK `yÕRb Lvjvm †c‡jI Rwj‡ji †KvU© gvk©vj nq| fv‡M¨i wbg©g cwinvm, †mB mvgwiK Av`vj‡Zi wePviK wQ‡jb Av‡iK †m±i KgvÛvi K‡b©j Zv‡ni| wePv‡i Rwjj wb‡`©vl cÖgvwYZ nb| wKš‘ †gRi Rwjj GB Ab¨vq AvPi‡Yi cÖwZev‡` †mbvevwnbx †_‡K c`Z¨vM K‡ib| wZwb XvKv K¨v›Ub‡g‡›Ui GKUv evmvq D‡VwQ‡jb, †mLvb †_‡KI Zv‡K †ei K‡i †`qv nq| XvKvq Zvi †Kv‡bv _vKvi RvqMv wQj bv| gwZwS‡j GKUv Awdm wQj myjZvbDwÏb Avn‡g‡`i| †mLv‡bB Zvi mvgwqK AvkÖq nq| Zvi Awd‡mB Kv‡Vi cvUvZb w`‡q evbv‡bv †PŠwK‡Z wZwb iv‡Z Nygv‡Zb| gd¯^‡ji wbgœweË cwievi †_‡K Avmvi Kvi‡Y A‡bK †m±i KgvÛvi Zv‡K ÔGwjUÕ g‡b Ki‡Zb bv Ges Zv‡K Gwo‡q Pj‡Zb|9 1972 mv‡ji b‡f¤^i gv‡m w`wjø mdiKv‡j evsjv‡`wk cÖwZi¶v cÖwZwbwa`j A¯¿ †diZ`v‡bi cÖkœwU DÌvcb K‡i cÖZz¨Ë‡i GK wbwj©ß mvov cvb| cieZ©xKv‡j RvZxq msm‡` GKRb AvIqvgx jxM m`‡m¨i cÖ‡kœi Rev‡e Z_¨ I †eZvi cÖwZgš¿x e‡jb †h, ÔfviZ B‡Zvg‡a¨B evsjv‡`k †_‡K `LwjK…Z cvwK¯Ívwb A¯¿k¯¿ I †Mvjveviæ‡`i GK weivU Ask †diZ w`‡q‡Q Ges GB †diZ`v‡bi cÖwµqv Ae¨vnZ i‡q‡Q|Õ Aek¨ gš¿x ÔRvwZi ¯^v‡_©Õ †diZ cÖ`Ë A¯¿k‡¯¿i msL¨v ev cwigvY D‡jøL Ki‡Z A¯^xK…wZ Rvbvb|10 48 49



m~Î: 1. Kviv gywR‡ei nZ¨vKvix?; G Gj LwZe, wkLv cÖKvkbx, XvKv 1992, c„ôv: 123-124 2. g~javiv Õ71; gC`yj nvmvb, BDwcGj, gvP© 2013, c„ôv: 199 3. The political economy of rural poverty in Bangladesh; Kamal Uddin Siddiqui, 1st ed., Dacca National Institute of Local Government, 1982. Page: 427 4. GK †Rbv‡i‡ji bxie mv¶¨ : ¯^vaxbZvi cÖ_g `kK; †gRi †Rbv‡ij (Ae.) gBbyj †nv‡mb †PŠayix exiweµg, gvIjv eªv`vm©, †deªæqvwi 2000; c„ôv: 19-20 5. c~e©-cwðg (wØZxq LÐ); mybxj M‡½vcva¨vq, Avb›` cvewjkvm© wjwg‡UW, KjKvZv, 1989, c„ôv: 487 6. gIjvbv fvmvbxi mvßvwnK ÔnK K_vÕ mgMÖ; m¤úv`bv: Avey mv‡jK, Nvm dzj b`x, eB‡gjv 2002, c„ôv: 139 7. Aiw¶Z ¯^vaxbZvB civaxbZv; †gRi (Ae.) Gg G Rwjj, Kgj Kuzwo cÖKvkb, 2015, c„ôv: 52-54 8. gIjvbv fvmvbxi mvßvwnK ÔnK K_vÕ mgMÖ; m¤úv`bv: Avey mv‡jK, Nvm dzj b`x, eB‡gjv 2002, c„ôv: 140 9. Rvm‡`i DÌvb cZb : Aw¯’i mg‡qi ivRbxwZ; gwnDwÏb Avng`, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, 2014, c„ôv: 82-83 10. evsjv‡`k AeRvifvi; 18 Ryb 1974



PZy_© cwi‡”Q` ¯^vaxb †`‡k fviZxq evwnbx Ôevsjv‡`wk‡`i KL‡bvB fvi‡Zi cÖwZ †Zgb fv‡jvevmv wQj bv| fvi‡Zi cÖwZ Zv‡`i fv‡jvevmv ÿY¯’vqx|Õ6 Avgv‡`i‡K mZ¨vkÖqx n‡Z n‡e| evsjv‡`wk‡`i cÖwZ Avgiv mwVK AvPiY Kwiwb| Avgv‡`i ivRbxwZKiv †ewbqvi g‡Zv AvPiY K‡i‡Qb| Ñwdì gvk©vj gv‡bK kÕ6



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fviZxq B÷vb© Kgv‡Ûi cÖavb †Rbv‡ij A‡iviv 16 wW‡m¤^‡ii cieZ©x 2-3 gvm hZevi XvKv G‡m‡Qb ZZeviB XvKv †mbvwbev‡mi ÔKgvÛ nvDRÕ-G Zvi _vKvi e¨e¯’v n‡Zv, †hLv‡b ¯^vaxbZvi Av‡M _vK‡Zb cvwK¯Ívb †mbvevwnbxi c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖavb| IB mgq XvKvq Pjv‡divi mgq A‡ivivi Mvwo‡Z B÷vb© Kgv‡Ûi cZvKv †kvfv †cZ| Zvi Mvwoi mvg‡b-wcQ‡b fviZxq i¶xiv iv¯Ívi ¯^vfvweK PjvPj eÜ K‡i A‡ivivi hvZvqv‡Zi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Zb, A‡bKUv GLb †hfv‡e †`‡ki ivóªcwZ I cÖavbgš¿xi †¶‡Î Kiv nq| A‡ivivi ÔPjv‡divi GB aibÕ GZUvB we¯§q ˆZwi K‡i †h, †mB mgqKvi fviZxq ivóª`~Z mywegj `ˇK ¯^ZtcÖ‡Yvw`Z n‡q ej‡Z nq, ¯^vaxb †`‡ki cÖwZ cÖwZ‡ekx †`‡ki GKRb AvÂwjK †mbv cÖav‡bi GB AvPiY h_vh_ bq|2 ¯^vaxbZvi ci ci XvKvi weËkvjx wKQz wKQz cwiev‡ii m‡½ fviZxq Avwg© Awdmvi‡`i ü`¨Zv M‡o I‡V| Gme †jvKR‡bi AwaKvskB ¯^vaxbZvwe‡ivax wQj Ges gyw³hy‡×i bq gvm cvwK¯Ívwb †mbv Awdmvi‡`i m‡½I Zv‡`i GKB iKg ü`¨Zv wQj| Giv wewfbœ mgq cvwU© w`‡q BwÛqvb Avwg© Awdmvi I ivR‰bwZK †bZv‡`i Avc¨vqb Ki‡Zb, wVK †hfv‡e Zviv MZ mv‡o bq gvm cvwK¯Ívwb †mbv Awdmvi‡`i Avc¨vqb K‡i‡Qb|3 fviZxq †mbvevwnbxi wbgœc`¯’ m`m¨ivI G‡¶‡Î wcwQ‡q wQj bv| ZvivI wb‡R‡`i GB †`‡ki ÎvZv g‡b Ki‡Zv| Zviv wgwói †`vKv‡b G‡m B‡”Qg‡Zv wgwó †L‡q `vg bv w`‡q P‡j †hZ, KL‡bv KL‡bv J×Z¨ †`Lv‡bvi Rb¨ Møvm-†cøU †f‡O †i‡L †hZ| cÖ_g cÖ_g †`vKvb`viiv mš‘ówP‡ËB wgwógyL Kiv‡Zv, wKš‘ w`‡bi ci w`b Zviv GUv‡K mnRvZ AwaKvi wn‡m‡e a‡i wb‡q mvaviY †`vKvb gvwjK‡`i AwZô K‡i Zzj‡jv| ZLb wgwó †`vKvb`viiv cÖavbZ wQj wn›`y m¤cÖ`v‡qi| Zv‡`i‡KB fviZxq evwnbxi wgwó LvIqvi Ryjyg †cvnv‡Z nq|4 fvi‡Zi e¨emvqxiv evsjv‡`‡k Avm‡Z ïiæ K‡ib bZzb evRvi I jy‡Ui RvqMv LuyR‡Z| evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡K fvi‡Zi Ici wbf©ikxj n‡q DV‡Z _v‡K| RbMY gywRe miKvi‡K fvi‡Zi ekse` wn‡m‡e fve‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡i| cwÎKvi wWK¬v‡ikb wb‡Z n‡j GKUv kZ© gvb‡Z n‡ZvÑ ÔeÜz †`‡ki weiæ‡× wKQz ejv hv‡e bv|Õ5 gyw³hy×Kvjxb fvi‡Zi †mbv cÖavb I cieZ©x Aa¨v‡q mw¤§wjZ wgÎevwnbx cÖavb wdì gvk©vj gv‡bK kÕ c‡i e‡jwQ‡jb: evsjv‡`wk‡`i KL‡bvB



wPÎ-K_b: 1972 mv‡ji 12 gvP©| †mw`b m`¨¯^vaxb evsjv‡`k †_‡K we`vqx fviZxq ˆmb¨‡`i m¤§vb Rvbv‡Z GKwU KyPKvIqvR Abyôv‡bi Av‡qvRb Kiv nq XvKv †÷wWqv‡g| fviZxq evwnbx‡K we`vq Rvbv‡Z Ges ¯^vaxb evsjvi iƒcKvi †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K †`L‡Z †mw`b †÷wWqv‡g wfo K‡iwQj nvRv‡iv RbZv| ÔRq evsjv Rq wn›`Õ †¯ø­vMv‡b gyLwiZ n‡Z _v‡K cy‡iv GjvKv| d‡Uv: msM„nxZ



fvi‡Zi cÖwZ †Zgb fv‡jvevmv wQj bv| Avwg RvbZvg, fvi‡Zi cÖwZ Zv‡`i fv‡jvevmv ÿY¯’vqx| Aby‡cÖiYv jv‡fi Rb¨ fvi‡Zi w`‡K bv ZvwK‡q Zviv g°v I cvwK¯Ív‡bi w`‡K `„wócvZ Ki‡e| Avgv‡`i‡K mZ¨vkÖqx n‡Z n‡e| evsjv‡`wk‡`i cÖwZ Avgiv mwVK AvPiY Kwiwb| ¯^vaxbZvi ci evsjv‡`k‡K wb‡Ri cv‡q `uvov‡bvi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i meiKg mvnvh¨ Kiv DwPZ wQj, wKš‘ Avgv‡`i ivRbxwZwe`iv Zv K‡ibwb| Zviv †ewbqvi g‡Zv AvPiY K‡i‡Qb|6 gv‡bK kÕ ivRbxwZwe`‡`i GKKfv‡e †`vlx Kivi †Póv Pvjv‡jI ïay ivRbxwZwe` bb, fviZxq ˆmwbK I AwdmviivI GKB ai‡bi AvPiY K‡iwQ‡jb ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li m‡½| †Rbv‡ij gv‡bK kÕ †Zv GUvI e‡jbwb †h, cvwK¯Ívwb evwnbxi AvZ¥mgc©‡Yi ci mg¯Í mvgwiK ixwZbxwZ j•Nb K‡i Zvi evwnbx wewRZ cvKevwnbxi mgy`q mgiv¯¿ I K‡qK nvRvi mvgwiK hvbevnb, wecyjmsL¨K cÖvB‡fU Kvi Ges hy×weaŸ¯Í m`¨¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki mgy`ªMvgx RvnvR †_‡K ïiæ K‡i Av‡iv wecyj mnvq-m¤ú` jyÉb K‡i wb‡q wM‡qwQj| Avi fviZxq †mbvevwnbx cÖavb wnmv‡e wZwb †m me eÜ KiviI †Kv‡bv c`‡ÿc †bbwb| 52 53



wPÎ-K_b: 1971 mv‡ji †g gv‡mi †k‡li w`‡K †kL dRjyj nK gwY, Ave`yi iv¾vK, †Zvdv‡qj Avn‡g` I wmivRyj Avjg Lvb - GB Pvi hye‡bZvi D‡`¨v‡M gywRe evwnbx bv‡g GK we‡kl evwnbx MVb Kiv nq| GB evwnbx A¯’vqx gywRebMi miKv‡ii Ges GKB m‡½ ¯^vaxbZv hy‡× fviZxq wgÎevwnbxi †mbvcwZ †Rbv‡ij A‡ivivi wbqš¿‡Yi evB‡i wQj| GB evwnbxi cªwk¶Y I cwiPvjbvi `vwq‡Z¡ wQ‡jb †Rbv‡ij myRb wms Devb, whwb fviZxq †¯úkvj d«w›Uqvi †dv‡m©i KgvÛvi (B݇c±i †Rbv‡ij) wQ‡jb| fvi‡Zi †`iv`y‡b GB evwnbxi m`m¨‡`i cªwk¶Y †`qv n‡Zv hvi ZË¡eavK wQ‡jb weª‡MwWqvi wU. Gm I‡eiq| K‡Y©j we wW Kzkvj GB evwnbxi cªkvmwbK welqvw` †`Lv‡kvbv Ki‡Zb| †gRi †Rbv‡ij Gm. Gm. Devb 1995 cªKvwkZ Ôd¨v›Ugm&‌Ae wPUvMvsÕ Mª‡š’ wj‡L‡Qb †h, GB gywReevwnbx gyw³hy×Kv‡j cve©Z¨ PÆMªvg GjvKvq †¯úkvj d«w›Uqvi †dv‡m©i mn‡hvMx wnmv‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i‡Q| gyw³hy‡×i †k‡l ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡k i¶xevwnbx MwVZ nq| G mgq gywRe evwnbx ev evsjv‡`k wjev‡ikb †dv‡m©m-Gi m`m¨‡`i beMwVZ i¶xevwnbx‡Z AvZ¥xKiY Kiv nq| 1971 Gi 19 wW‡m¤^i gywReevwnbxi Ab¨Zg †bZv †kL gywR‡ei fv‡Mœ †kL dRjyj nK gwYi mv‡_ †Rbv‡ij Devb XvKvq Av‡mb GKwU mvgwiK †nwjKÞv‡i P‡o| XvKv wegvbe›`‡i j¨vÛ Kivi c‡i gywReevwnbx, gyw³evwnbx I QvÎjx‡Mi m`‡m¨iv †kL gwY I †Rbv‡ij Devb‡K gvj¨fywlZ K‡i Af¨_©bv Rvbvq| Qwe‡Z Wvb †_‡K Ave`yj KyÏym gvLb, †kL gwY, Av m g Avãyi ie, †Rbv‡ij Devb, Avãyi iv¾vK, †Zvdv‡qj Avn‡g` I kvRvnvb wmivR| d‡Uv †µwWU: B‡ËdvK



m~Î: 1. GK †Rbv‡i‡ji bxie mv¶¨ : ¯^vaxbZvi cÖ_g `kK; †gRi †Rbv‡ij (Ae.) gBbyj †nv‡mb †PŠayix exiweµg, gvIjv eªv`vm©, †deªæqvwi 2000, c„ôv: 21 2. gywReevwnbx †_‡K MYevwnbx : BwZnv‡mi cybc©vV; AvjZvd cvi‡fR, HwZn¨, †deªæqvwi 2015, c„ôv: 224 3. GK †Rbv‡i‡ji bxie mv¶¨ : ¯^vaxbZvi cÖ_g `kK; †gRi †Rbv‡ij (Ae.) gBbyj †nv‡mb †PŠayix exiweµg, gvIjv eªv`vm©, †deªæqvwi 2000, c„ôv: 20 4. e‡jwQ ejwQ eje; kvn †gvqv‡¾g †nv‡mb, Abb¨v cÖKvk, 2002, c„ôv: 134-135 5. kZvãx †cwi‡q; nvq`vi AvKei Lvb i‡bv, Zid`vi cÖKvkbx, 2005, c„ôv: 324-325 6. †÷U&m&g¨vb; 29 GwcÖj 1988



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cÖ_g cwi‡”Q` ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki cÖkvm‡bi cÖZ¨veZ©b ÔKv‡`i ZzB PviRb‡K †g‡iwQm, Pvi kÕ †jvK gvi‡jI Avwg †Zv‡K wKQzB ejZvg bvÕ 16 wW‡m¤^i ivwÎ †_‡KB gy³v‡ji Ôgyw³‡hv×vÕ I Ôwm·wUb&_ wWwfkbÕ-Gi gyw³‡hv×v bvgavixiv Rbc‡` Avi XvKvi ivRc‡_ weR‡qi Djøvm Ki‡Z _v‡K| G‡`i nv‡Z †`Lv hvq G‡K-47 ev GmGjAvi-Gi g‡Zv AZ¨vaywbK hy×v¯¿|10 cvwK¯Ívwb evwnbxi †d‡j hvIqv A‡¯¿ mw¾Z n‡q Giv A‡b¨i Mvwo-evwomn ¯’vei-A¯’vei m¤úwË `Lj I jyUZivR Ki‡Z _v‡K| gyw³‡hv×v‡`i GKvsk †hvM †`q Gme `Lj I jyUZiv‡R|10



miKvwi Kg©Pvix I eyw×Rxex m¤úª`vq, hviv wbivc` AvkÖ‡qi †jv‡f mxgvšÍ AwZµg K‡iwQ‡jb, Zviv cvwK¯Ívwb cÖkvmwbK KvVv‡gv eRvq †i‡LB c‡`vbœwZ I wb‡R‡`i fv‡M¨i DbœwZi cwiKíbvq mgq AwZevwnZ KiwQ‡jb| Avgjv‡`i g‡a¨ †`k M‡o †Zvjvi †Kv‡bv bZzb wPšÍv-fvebv ev Dbœqb †KŠkj Aej¤^‡bi cÖqvm †`Lv hvqwb|1



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¯^vaxbZvi Av‡M 1971-Gi 10 wW‡m¤^i fvi‡Z Ae¯’vbiZ gwš¿mfvq wm×všÍ nq †h, †h mKj Kg©KZ©v-Kg©Pvix cvwK¯Ívb miKv‡ii Aax‡b PvKwiiZ wQ‡jb, webv wePv‡i Zv‡`i kvw¯Í †`qv n‡e bv| hy×Kv‡j Awdm Z¨vM K‡i hviv evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii AvbyMZ¨ ¯^xKvi K‡iwQ‡jb, Zviv c~e© c‡` †hvM`vb Ki‡eb Ges cvwK¯Ívb miKv‡ii Aaxb Kg©KZ©viv ÔIGmwWÕ n‡eb| GiB wfwˇZ ¯^vaxbZvi c‡i cÖkvmwbK KvR ïiæ Kivi Rb¨ 17 wW‡m¤^i †`‡ki 19wUi me KÕwU †Rjvq †WcywU Kwgkbvi I cywjk mycvi wb‡qvM Kiv nq| 18 wW‡m¤^i ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii gyL¨mwPe iæûj KzÏym I cywjk gnvcwi`k©K Avãyj Lv‡jK XvKvq †cuŠ‡Q Zv‡`i `vwqZ¡ †bb| †mw`b wQj kwbevi| Zviv GKvB Av‡mbwb, m‡½ G‡mwQj fvi‡Zi miKvwi Avgjv I KvwiMwi we‡klÁ`j| GB fviZxq we‡klÁ‡`i cÖZ¨¶ ZË¡veav‡b ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`k miKvi Zvi KvR ïiæ K‡i|2 19 wW‡m¤^i †iveevi †mB mgq mvßvwnK QywUi w`b nIqv m‡Ë¡I ¯^vaxbZvi Av‡eM-Avb‡›` AvcøyZ miKvwi Kg©PvixMY Kv‡R †hvM`vb K‡ib| ïay we‡klÁ`j cvVv‡bvB bq, ¯^vaxbZvi ciciB fviZ miKvi evsjv‡`k‡K 3 †KvwU UvKv Aby`vb †`q| GUvB evsjv‡`‡ki M„nxZ cÖ_g we‡`wk Aby`vb| evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii †KvlvMv‡i ZLb †Zgb †Kv‡bv A_© gRyZ wQj bv| cvwK¯Ívb †mbvevwnbx civRq wbwðZ †R‡b wW‡m¤^‡ii cÖ_g w`‡K †÷U e¨vsK Ae cvwK¯Ív‡bi XvKv Awd‡m iw¶Z me A_© I ¯^Y© cvwK¯Ív‡b cvPvi K‡iwQj ev cywo‡q †d‡jwQj|3 cvPvi Kivi c‡iI 100 †KvwU UvKvi mgcwigvY †bvU XvKvq †_‡K hvq; hv cvwK¯Ívwb evwnbx †kl gyn~‡Z© R¡vwj‡q †`q|4 †`‡ki gvbyl wek¦vm Ki‡Z ïiæ K‡ib, A‡±vei gv‡mB fviZ miKv‡ii m‡½ cÖevmx evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii 7 `dvi GKUv †Mvcb Pzw³ nq| †mB Pzw³i aviv¸‡jv hv wQj e‡j cÖPvwiZ nq Zv‡Z evsjv‡`k iv‡óªi †Kv‡bv ¯^vaxb Aw¯ÍZ¡B _v‡K bv| fviZxq cÖkvmwbK Kg©KZ©v Avi we‡klÁ‡`i ZË¡veav‡b ivóªxq KvR ïiæ n‡j Ges me©e¨vcx fviZxq iv‡óªi KZ©…Z¡ `„k¨gvb n‡j GB wek¦vm mevi g‡bB e×g~j nq| cÖevmx miKv‡ii w`wjø wgk‡bi cÖavb Ges c‡i ivóª`~Z, evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq msm‡`i mv‡eK w¯úKvi I ciivóªgš¿x ûgvqyb ikx` †PŠayixI GK mv¶vrKv‡i GB †Mvcb Pzw³ n‡qwQj e‡j wbwðZ K‡i‡Qb| Zvi g‡Z, GB



wPÎ-K_b: ¯^vaxbZvi ci hviv KL‡bv gyw³hy‡×i Av‡kcv‡kI hvqwb, ZvivB ivZvivwZ cvwK¯Ívwb evwnbx Avi ivRvKvi‡`i †d‡j hvIqv A¯¿ nv‡Z wb‡q iv¯Ívq iv¯Ívq gnov †`qv ïiæ K‡i| G‡`i Ôwm·wUb&_ wWwfkbÕ bv‡g WvKv n‡Zv| ¯^vaxbZvi ci gwZwS‡j A¯¿ nv‡Z ¸wj †dvUv‡bv Ae¯’vq wm·wUb&_ wWwfkb-Gi wKQy m`m¨| nv‡Zi A¯¿ aivi fw½ I †cvkvK e‡j w`‡”Q Zviv KL‡bv iYv½‡b wQj bv| d‡Uv: msM„nxZ



Pzw³‡Z ¯^v¶i K‡iwQ‡jb A¯’vqx ivóªcwZ ˆmq` bRiæj Bmjvg| GB Pzw³ ¯^v¶i Kivi ciciB bvÑ wK wZwb Amy¯’ n‡q c‡ob|5 ¯^vaxbZvi ci †_‡K GB wel‡q Rbg‡b bvbv cÖkœ _vK‡jI AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †Kv‡bv †bZv G cÖm‡½ cÖKv‡k¨ †Kv‡bv Reve ev e¨vL¨v †`bwb| A‡bK c‡i 1974-Gi Rvbyqvwi‡Z ZrKvjxb A_©gš¿x ZvRDÏxb Avng` GK Rbmfvq



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e‡jwQ‡jb, Ô¯^vaxbZvhy× PjvKv‡j fvi‡Zi m‡½ evsjv‡`k †Kv‡bv †Mvcb Pzw³ ¯^v¶i K‡iwbÕ|6 28 wW‡m¤^i wZbRb msL¨vjNy †bZv, hv‡`i g‡a¨ wPËiÄb m~Zvi wQ‡jb GKRb, fvi‡Zi cÖavbgš¿x Bw›`iv MvÜxi m‡½ †`Lv K‡ib| Zviv Zvi Kv‡Q evsjv‡`k‡K fvi‡Zi Ask K‡i ivLvi cÖ¯Íve iv‡Lb| cÖavbgš¿x Bw›`iv MvÜx Zv‡`i cÖ¯Ív‡ei Rev‡e e‡jb, ÔB‡q bv gygKxb n¨vq|Õ7



`yB gyw³hy‡×i d‡j mvgvwRK ¶wZ n‡qwQj A‡bK| QvÎiv nvwi‡qwQj Zv‡`i wk¶vRxe‡bi GKUv eQi| A‡b‡KB †jLvcov Avi †kl Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| A‡b‡K nvwi‡qwQj Zv‡`i †ckv| A‡bK cwiev‡iB wQj GK ev GKvwaK ¯^Rb nviv‡bvi †e`bv| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv cwiev‡ii mKj bvix al©‡Yi wkKvi n‡qwQj| cvwK¯Ívwb †mbv‡`i K¨v‡¤ú AvUK _vKv bvixiv gy³ n‡q Zv‡`i ¯^R‡bi Kv‡Q wdiwQj| †mB ¯^R‡biv †ewki fvM †¶‡ÎB awl©Z bvix‡`i mnRfv‡e MÖnY Ki‡Z cÖ¯‘Z wQj bv| wKš‘ me‡P‡q ¶wZMÖ¯Í n‡qwQj gvby‡li g~j¨‡eva| mvgvwRK g~j¨‡eva Ges AvBbk„•Ljv G‡Kev‡i †f‡O c‡owQj| m`¨¯^vaxb †`‡k me©e¨vcx ˆbivR¨ ïiæ n‡qwQj| hv‡`i ¶gZv wQj, hy× †kl nIqvi m‡½ m‡½ Zviv AvBb wb‡R‡`i nv‡Z Zz‡j wb‡qwQj| A‡b‡K †`‡k wd‡i cÖ_‡gB c~e©kÎæZvi cÖwZ‡kva wb‡qwQj| 16 ZvwiL wbqvRxi AvZ¥mgc©‡Yi ci †_‡KB ïiæ n‡qwQj eû gyw³‡hv×vi Db¥Ë AvPiY| gyw³‡hv×viv cUKv dzUv‡bv, evwR †cvov‡bvi e`‡j ivB‡dj A_ev †÷bMv‡bi ¸wj Qy‡o Avb›`-Djøvm cÖKvk Ki‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡i|8 mܨv n‡jB cÖPzi duvKv ¸wji AvIqvR †kvbv †hZ| GUv bvwK wQj weRq Djøvm| †kL gwY Gme †`‡L e‡jwQ‡jb, Ô†Q‡jiv Ki‡Q Kx? GZ ¸wj bó Ki‡Q †Kb? Gme †Zv ivLv `iKvi fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨Õ|9 16 wW‡m¤^i ivwÎ †_‡K weR‡qvjøv‡m gË †h me gyw³‡hv×v Ny‡i †eovw”Qj, Zv‡`i A‡b‡Ki nv‡ZB wQj G‡K-47 ivB‡dj| Gme A¯¿ KL‡bv gyw³‡hv×v‡`i mieivn Kiv nqwb| gyw³‡hv×v‡`i †Kv‡bv BDwbU KgvÛvi G‡`i kbv³ Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| G‡`i †ewki fvMB cÖfvekvjx Awffve‡Ki wbivc` AvkÖ‡q GB bq gvm KvwU‡q‡Q, hy‡×i av‡i-Kv‡QI Zviv hvqwb|



wPÎ-K_b: 1971-Gi 19 wW‡m¤^i XvKvq cvwK¯Ívwb `vjvj‡K a‡i G‡b gyw³‡hv×v KgvÛvi bvwmiæwÏb BDmyd ev”Pyi Kvh©vj‡q cÖkœ Kiv n‡”Q| Wv‡b nvZKov civ cÖüZ e¨w³ 40 Rb evOvwj eyw×Rxwe nZ¨vq m¤ú„³ wQj e‡j Awf‡hvM Avbv n‡qwQj| bvwmiæwÏb BDmyd ev”Pz cieZ©xKv‡j XvKvi bvU¨g‡Âi GKRb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© msMVK n‡q I‡Vb| Zvi cÖwZwôZ XvKv w_‡qUvi evsjv‡`‡ki ¸iæZ¡c~Y© mvs¯‹…wZK cÖwZôvb n‡q I‡V| evsjv‡`‡ki mvs¯‹…wZK RM‡Zi e‡iY¨ I RbwcÖq wkíxiv XvKv w_‡qUv‡ii gÂbvUK Ki‡Zb| Gfv‡eB XvKv w_‡qUv‡ii AvdRvj I myeY©v RywU Avwki `k‡Ki Zviæ‡Y¨i †µR n‡q I‡V| XvKv w_‡qUv‡ii g‡Âi bvq‡Kiv A‡b‡KB wQ‡jb iYv½‡bi gyw³‡hv×v| cÙv b`xi gvwSi Kz‡ei Pwi‡Î Awfbq Kiv ivBmyj Bmjvg Avmv` I XvKvB wm‡bgvi RbwcÖqZg wf‡jb ûgvqyb dwi`x `yR‡bB XvKv w_‡qUv‡i bvU¨Kg©x wQ‡jb| d‡Uv: msM„nxZ



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wPÎ-K_b: Kv‡`i wmwÏKx‡K gywR‡ei cÖkÖq 16 wW‡m¤^i weR‡qi wVK GKw`b ci, 18 wW‡m¤^i Uv½vB‡ji ÔKv‡`wiqv evwnbxÕi AwabvqK Kv‡`i wmwÏKx I Zvi evwnbxi K‡qKRb wg‡j `y®‹…ZKvix Awf‡hv‡M Pvi hyeK‡K AvUK K‡i wb‡q G‡jb XvKvi AvDUvi †÷wWqvg ev cëb gq`v‡b| Zv‡`i weiæ‡× mywbw`©ó Awf‡hvM Rvbv †Mj bv| †`‡ki msev`c‡Îi wi‡cvU©vi I d‡Uv mvsevw`K Ges we‡`wk †Uwjwfkb K¨v‡givi mvg‡b Avav NÈv a‡i wcwU‡q, Zvici Kv‡`i wmwÏKx wbR nv‡Z †e‡qv‡bU w`‡q LyuwP‡q nZ¨v Ki‡jb Pvi hyeK‡K| fq¼i, wec¾bK I wbg©g GB NUbvi Qwe †`Lv‡bv n‡jv we‡k¦i eû †`‡k| hy× PjvKv‡j AvB‡bi wePv‡i mwVK bq Ggb NUbv nq‡Zv A‡bKB N‡U‡Q| wKš‘ hy× hLb †kl ZLb GiKg NUbv Ges GKwU e„nr gyw³‡hv×v evwnbxi AwabvqK ¯^n‡¯Í †mUv NwU‡q‡Qb, wek¦mgv‡R evsjv‡`‡ki cÖwZ ï‡f”Qv I mnvbyf~wZ‡K gvivZ¥Kfv‡e ÿwZMÖ¯Í K‡iwQj| Ggwb‡ZB gyw³hy‡× Avgv‡`i mvgvwRK ÿwZ n‡qwQj A‡bK| me‡P‡q ÿwZMÖ¯Í n‡qwQj mvgvwRK g~j¨‡eva| AvBbk„•Ljv G‡Kev‡i †f‡O c‡owQj| weRq cieZ©x Kw_Z gyw³‡hv×viv jyUZivR, `LjevwR‡Z †g‡Z DV‡jv| cÖK…Z gyw³‡hv×v‡`i GKvsk †hvM w`‡jv Gm‡e| kxl© ivR‰bwZK †bZ…Z¡ Gme ZrciZv cÖwZnZ wKsev Ggb cwiw¯’wZ mvgvj †`qvi Rb¨ †hvM¨ Ges cÖ¯‘Z wQj wK? Rbeûj ¯’v‡b kZ kZ gvby‡li mvg‡b GiKg bviKxq NUbvi ciI Kv‡`i wmwÏKx‡K cÖKv‡k¨ cÖkÖq †c‡Z †`Lv †M‡Q| cÖKvk¨ Rbmfvq miKvi cÖavb †kL gywRe Zv‡K D‡Ïk K‡i e‡jwQ‡jb, ÔKv‡`i, ZzB PviRb‡K †g‡iwQm, Pvi kÕ †jvK gvi‡jI Avwg †Zv‡K wKQzB ejZvg bvÕ| d‡Uv: msM„nxZ



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GivB cvwK¯Ívwb †mbvevwnbx I Zv‡`i mg_©Kevwnbxi †d‡j hvIqv A¯¿ Ges cvwK¯Ívwb A¯¿vMvi †_‡K jyU Kiv A¯¿ wb‡qB ivZvivwZ gyw³‡hv×v e‡b hvq| G‡`iB GKwU Ask A‡b¨i Mvwo-evwo, ¯’vei-A¯’vei m¤úwË webvg~‡j¨ ev bvggvÎ g~‡j¨ `Lj K‡i †bq|10 hviv †Kv‡bv w`b gyw³hy‡×i av‡i-Kv‡Q hvqwb, ZvivB 17 ZvwiL iv¯Ívq †ei nq `c©f‡i, †KD cv‡q †nu‡U, †KD Mvwo‡Z| G‡`i †KD †KD AevOvwj‡`i m¤úwË jyUcvU Ki‡Z ïiæ K‡i| Ab¨‡`i Ici PovI nq| G‡`i ZLb bvg nq Ôwm·wUb&_ wWwfkbÕÑ Ô†lvok evwnbxÕ| KviY, Gi m~Pbv nq wW‡m¤^‡ii 16 ZvwiL| AevOvwj‡`i m¤úwË jyUcvU Kivq †h Drmvn †`Lv wM‡qwQj, GB Ôwm·wUb&_ wWwfkbÕ-Gi g‡a¨B Zv mxgve× wQj bv| Z_vKw_Z f`ª‡jvKivI Zv‡Z mgvb Drmvnx Ges mgvb we‡eKewR©Z wQ‡jb| Ô†lvok wWwfkbÕ-Gi GB e¨vwa AwP‡iB msµwgZ nq gyw³‡hv×v‡`i GKvs‡ki g‡a¨| fvi‡Zi mvnvh¨ QvovB gyw³hy‡× †`‡ki †fZ‡i †_‡KB GK A‡Rq gyw³evwnbx M‡o Zz‡jwQ‡jb Kv‡`i wmwÏKx| cvwK¯Ívb †mbvevwnbxi mv‡eK GB ZiæY bb-KwgkÛ Awdmv‡ii A¯¿ Pvjbv Ges mvgwiK we`¨vi cÖv_wgK aviYv wQj| wKš‘ wZwb wQ‡jb GK mnRvZ †hv×v Ges msMVK| Uv½vB‡ji GKwU weivU AÂj wZwb cy‡iv gyw³hy‡×i mgq gy³ †i‡LwQ‡jb| Zvi A¯¿fvÐvi M‡o I‡V cvwK¯Ívwb evwnbxi KvQ †_‡K †K‡o †bqv A‡¯¿| gyw³hy‡× exi‡Z¡i Rb¨ Zv‡K ÔevNv wmwÏKxÕ e‡j WvKv n‡Zv| wKš‘ 18 Zvwi‡L GK wbg©g A‰mwbKmyjf NUbvi †bZ…Z¡ w`‡qwQ‡jb wZwb| wZwb XvKvq AvDUvi †÷wWqv‡g we‡`wk †Uwjwfkb K¨v‡givi mvg‡b Avav NÈvKvj wcwU‡q I Zvici wb‡R nv‡Z †e‡qv‡bU w`‡q LyuwP‡q-LyuwP‡q AÁvZ Awf‡hv‡M a„Z PviRb ew›`‡K wbg©gfv‡e nZ¨v K‡ib| Ab¨ A‡bK †`wk-we‡`wk mvsevw`‡Ki mv‡_ †mB nZ¨vKv‡Ði mgq Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb ZiæY BZvwjqvb mvsevw`K Iwiqvbv dvjvwP| GB nZ¨vKvÐ wb‡q wZwb GKwU K‡Vvi cÖwZ‡e`b wj‡LwQ‡jb| †kL gywRe cvwK¯Ív‡bi †Rj †_‡K Qvov †c‡q †`‡k wdi‡j Iwiqvbv Avevi XvKvq Av‡mb Ges cici `yÕw`b Zuvi mv¶vrKvi †bb wZwb| eû †`‡kB AvDUvi †÷wWqv‡gi GB wbg©g NUbvi Qwe †`Lv‡bv nq| d‡j hy‡×i mg‡q evsjv‡`‡ki cÖwZ wek¦mgv‡Ri †h ï‡f”Qv I mnvbyf~wZ ˆZwi n‡qwQj ZLb †_‡KB Zv‡Z fvUv co‡Z ïiæ K‡i|11



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m~Î: 1. KvRx b~iæ¾vgvb wbe©vwPZ iPbv; wmivRyj Bmjvg, msnwZ cÖKvkb, 2004, c„ôv: 15 2. evsjv‡`k : †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi kvmbKvj; gI`y` Avng`, RMjyj Avjg Ab~w`Z, BDwcGj, †deªæqvwi 2016, c„ôv: 2| 3. i¶xevwnbxi mZ¨ wg_¨v; Av‡bvqvi Dj Avjg, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, 2013, c„ôv: 21 4. evsjv‡`‡ki ivR‰bwZK NUbvcwÄ 1971-2011; gynv¤§` nvweeyi ingvb, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, †deªæqvwi 2014, c„ôv: 29 5. RvZxq ivRbxwZ 1945 †_‡K Õ75; Awj Avnv`, evsjv‡`k †Kv-Acv‡iwUf eyK †mvmvBwU wjwg‡UW, XvKv, PÆMÖvg, A‡±vei 2012, c„ôv: 433-435 6. evsjv‡`‡ki ivR‰bwZK NUbvcwÄ 1971-2011; gynv¤§` nvweeyi ingvb, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, †deªæqvwi 2014, c„ôv: 36 7. evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy‡× ÔiÕ Ges wmAvBG; gvmy`yj nK, gxiv cÖKvkb, †deªæqvwi 2001, c„ôv: 140-143 8. gyw³hy× I Zvici : GKwU wb`©jxq BwZnvm; †Mvjvg gyiwk`, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, Rvbyqvwi 2010, c„ôv: 175 9. kZvãx †cwi‡q; nvq`vi AvKei Lvb i‡bv, Zid`vi cÖKvkbx 2012, c„ôv: 293 10. g~javiv Õ71; gC`yj nvmvb, BDwcGj, gvP© 2013, c„ôv: 196-197 11. gyw³hy× I Zvici : GKwU wb`©jxq BwZnvm; †Mvjvg gyiwk`, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, Rvbyqvwi 2010, c„ôv: 176-177 12. ivRbxwZi wZb Kvj; wgRvbyi ingvb †PŠayix, Abb¨v, Ryb 2003, c„ôv: 139 13. `¨ MvwW©qvb; 18 wW‡m¤^i, 1971 14. ÔAvj&-e`iÕ MV‡bi cÖvgvY¨ `wjjwU †`L‡Z wb‡Pi wKDAvi †KvWwU ¯‹¨vb Kiæb:



15. John Stone House, British Labour M.P. to P.T.I. in an interview in New Delhi (published in the Hindus Times on 21.12.1971) 16. ea¨fzwgi AwfÁZv, ˆ`wbK evsjv, 21 wW‡m¤^i, 1971



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wPÎ-K_b: gyw³i AvKv•ÿv ebvg Kv‡qwg †Mvôx gyw³hy× G †`‡ki ZiæY mgvR, we‡klZ D”Pwkÿv_©x ZiæY-ZiæYx‡`i g‡a¨ mvgvwRK I A_©‰bwZK gyw³ wKsev cwieZ©‡bi AvKv•ÿv ˆZwi K‡iwQj| ¯^vaxbZv hy‡× mwZ¨Kv‡ii mwµq AskMÖnYKvix QvÎmgv‡Ri GKvsk mvaviY gvby‡li A_©‰bwZK gyw³i †PZbvq kvwgj n‡qwQj| ¯^vaxbZv cieZ©x hy×weaŸ¯Í †`‡k GB wkwÿZ I wkÿv_©x ZiæYiv ¯^‡`k cybM©Vb Ges ivóª M‡o †Zvjvi Kv‡R Zv‡`i †mB †PZbv I AvKv•ÿvi ev¯Íe I cÖv‡qvwMK cÖwZdjb †`L‡Z PvB‡jv| wek¦‡Rvov ZLb mgvRZ‡š¿i Rq-RqKvi! Gwkqv-Avwd«Kv-j¨vwUb Av‡gwiKv Ges mgMÖ c~e© BD‡ivc Ry‡o ZLb KwgDwb÷ ivR‰bwZK gZev`-gZv`‡k©i Xj e‡q P‡j‡Q| ivóªxq KvVv‡gv‡Z mgvRZvwš¿K A_©‰bwZK e¨e¯’vi mvdj¨ Ges cðv`&c` MYgvby‡li cÖMwZi c‡_ avivevwnK AMÖhvÎv mgvRZvwš¿K ivR‰bwZK wewa-e¨e¯’vi cÖwZ ü`q Kuvcv‡bv fv‡jvevmvc~Y© Av‡eM ˆZwi K‡iwQj cÖvq mviv `ywbqvq| be¨ ¯^vaxb ivóª evsjv‡`‡kI Zvi †XD G‡m †j‡MwQj| 1950-Gi `k‡K ïiæ n‡q Õ60-Gi `k‡K G‡m Z`vbxšÍb c~e© evOjv wKsev c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb I MYPx‡bi D‡`¨v‡M mgvRZvwš¿K ivóªe¨e¯’vi e¨vcK cÖPvi-cwiwPwZi e‡`Šj‡Z G‡`‡ki wkwÿZ I wkÿv_©x ZiæY-ZiæYxiv GB ivR‰bwZK avivi mv‡_ cwiwPZ n‡q D‡VwQj| GiI eû Av‡M wesk kZvãxi ïiæ †_‡K IB kZvãxi ga¨eZ©xKv‡j cÖavbZ `yBRb gnvcyiæl ˆmq` BmgvCj †nv‡mb wkivRx Ges KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg, Zuv‡`i Rxebe¨vcx mvabv-msMÖvg I cÖPviYvq bvix-cyiæl wbwe©‡k‡l mgv‡Ri mKj ¯Í‡ii, we‡klZ Ae‡nwjZ I wcwQ‡qcov gvbyl‡K cÖMwZi gnvhvÎvq ˆelg¨nxbfv‡e kvwgj Kivi j‡ÿ¨ ZiæY I hyemgvR‡K cÖ¯‘Z K‡i Zz‡jwQ‡jb| hy×Rqx ZiæY I hyemgvR g‡b-cÖv‡Y wek¦vm K‡iwQj, mgvRZvwš¿K A_©‰bwZK e¨e¯’vB Zv‡`i‡K gyw³i †mB Kvw•ÿZ j‡ÿ¨ †cuŠ‡Q †`‡e| Avi †m Rb¨ Zv‡`i bvbvgyLx ZrciZv, cÖqvm-cÖ‡Póv wKQz Kg wQj bv| wKš‘ ÿgZvmxb gnj ïiæ‡ZB Zv‡`i kZ cÖwZkÖæwZ Avi gb †fvjv‡bv A½xKvi RjvÄwj w`‡q Kv‡qwg ¯^v_©ev`x Pwi‡Î AvZ¥cÖKvk Ki‡jv ivRbxwZi i½g‡Â| `ywbqv‡Rvov nZfvM¨ Avi wcwQ‡q _vKv gvby‡li Rxebavivq cwieZ©‡bi †Rvqvi G‡bwQj †h `yB gnvcyiæ‡li wPšÍvavivÑ †mB Kvj&© gvK©&m& Avi gvI †mZzs-Gi ivR‰bwZK-A_©‰bwZK gZev` I gZv`‡k©i cÖwZ AZ¨šÍ Am¤§vbRbKfv‡e †bwZevPK Dw³ I cÖPviYv Pvjv‡Zv kvmK`‡ji QvÎ msMVb| kvmK‡Mvôx ZLb ivóªÿgZv‡K wPi¯’vqxfv‡e `L‡j ivLvi ¯^‡cœ we‡fviÑ nvwRi K‡iwQj ÔgywReev`Õ bv‡gi AšÍtmvik~b¨, Zvrch©nxb †køvMvb; hvi †Kv‡bv IRb`vi wKsev MÖnY‡hvM¨ e¨vL¨v Zviv RvwZi mvg‡b †ck Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| Ab¨w`‡K mgvRZvwš¿K ivóªe¨e¯’vi c‡ÿ QvÎ msMVb ÔgywReev`Õ-Gi bv‡g Kv‡qwg †Mvôxi MYwe‡ivax fq¼i ZrciZvi cwiYvg m¤ú‡K© ûuwkqvi K‡i w`‡qwQj gvbyl‡K| Zviv ÔgywReev`Õ‡K c~uwRev‡`i bZzb iƒc ev ms¯‹iY wn‡m‡eI Dc¯’vcb K‡iwQj| ivRavbx XvKv‡Z †`qvj-wjLbx‡Z dz‡U I‡V †mB me ivR‰bwZK Av‡›`vjb-ZrciZvi wPÎ| d‡Uv †µwWU: ikx` ZvjyK`vi/`„K



86 87



wPÎ-K_b: d‡UvMÖvdvi †gwiwjb wmjfvi‡÷v‡bi †Zvjv Qwe| Rvbyqvwi 10, 1972 G ¯^‡`k cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡i †kL gywRe igbv †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g fvlY †`b| fvl‡Yi GK ch©v‡q gyw³hy‡×i mgq msNwUZ evOvwj MYnZ¨vi K_v D‡jøL Ki‡Z †h‡q ey‡K nvZ w`‡q WyK‡i †Ku‡` D‡Vb| weªwUk d‡UvMÖvdvi †gwiwjb wVK †m mg‡qi `„k¨ aviY K‡i †bb| 41 d‡Uv: wd‡UvMÖvdvi †gwiwjb wmjfvi‡÷vb



Kuv`‡Z Kuv`‡Z wZwb mevi Z¨v‡Mi K_v ¯§iY K‡ib| †`k Movi Kv‡R ÔDØy× K‡ibÕ mevB‡K| †`‡k k„•Ljv wdwi‡q G‡b †`k kvm‡bi Rb¨ †h †bZvi cÖ‡qvRb wQj †mB k~b¨¯’vb wZwb c~iY Ki‡jb †`‡k wd‡i| Zvi R‡b¨B mgMÖ RvwZ cÖZx¶v K‡i wQj| †im‡Kv‡m©i Rbmfvq wZwb gvB‡Ki mvg‡b `vuwo‡q wkïi g‡Zv Kvbœvq †f‡O c‡ob| fvl‡Y KvbœvRwoZ K‡É e‡jb, Ôwek¦Kwe Zzwg e‡jwQ‡jÑ ÒmvZ †KvwU mšÍv‡bi †n gy» Rbbx, †i‡LQ evOvwj K‡i gvbyl Kiwb|Ó wek¦Kwe iex›`ªbv_ Zzwg †`‡L hvI, †Zvgvi Av‡¶c‡K Avgiv †gvPb



wPÎ-K_b: 14 Rvbyqvwi 1972 mv‡ji msev` m‡¤§j‡b †kL gywReyi ingvb, m‡½ Av‡Qb RvZxq Pvi †bZv mn Ab¨vb¨ivI d‡Uv: ikx` ZvjyK`vi



K‡iwQ| †Zvgvi K_v wg_¨v cÖgvwYZ K‡i AvR 7 †KvwU evOvwj hy× K‡i i³ w`‡q GB †`k ¯^vaxb K‡i‡Q| †n wek¦Kwe, Zzwg AvR RxweZ _vK‡j evOvwji exi‡Z¡ gy» n‡q bZzb KweZv m„wó Ki‡Z|Õ fvl‡Yi GKch©v‡q e‡jb, ÔAvgvi †m‡ji cv‡k Avgvi Rb¨ Kei †Luvov n‡qwQj| Avwg cÖ¯‘Z n‡q wQjvg| e‡jwQjvg, Avwg evOvwj, Avwg gvbyl, Avwg gymjgvb, gymjgvb GKevi g‡i, `yBevi g‡i bv| Avwg e‡jwQjvg, Avgvi g„Zz¨ hw` G‡m _v‡K Avwg nvm‡Z nvm‡Z hv‡ev| Avgvi evOvwj RvwZ‡K Acgvb K‡i hv‡ev bv| †Zvgv‡`i Kv‡Q ¶gv PvB‡ev bv Ges hvevi mgq e‡j hv‡ev, Rq evsjv, ¯^vaxb evsjv, evOvwj Avgvi RvwZ, evsjv Avgvi fvlv, evsjvi gvwU Avgvi ¯’vb|Õ †kL gywRe †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b †mw`b e‡jwQ‡jb, ÔGB evsjv‡`‡k n‡e



88 89



wPÎ-K_b: 1972 mv‡ji 5 ev 7 Rvbyqvwi GKwU Le‡ii KvM‡R e½eÜyi gyw³i Lei †`L‡Z‡Qb †eMg dwRjvZz‡bœmv gywRe †Kv‡j Kwbô cyÎ †kL iv‡mj| d‡Uv: msM„nxZ



mgvRZš¿ e¨e¯’v, GB evsjv‡`‡k n‡e MYZš¿, GB evsjv‡`k n‡e ag©wbi‡c¶ ivóª|Õ †kL gywRe‡K wd‡i cvIqvi Db¥v`bvq †mw`b Kv‡iv gv_vq Av‡mwb, ag©wbi‡c¶Ñ GB ivóªxq bxwZi K_v †KD Gi Av‡M †kv‡bwb| wZwb e‡jwQ‡jb, ÔAvR Avgvi Kv‡iv weiæ‡× cÖwZwnsmv †bB| GKUv gvbyl‡KI †Zvgiv wKQy e‡jv bv| Ab¨vq †h K‡i‡Q Zv‡K mvRv †`‡ev| AvBbk„•Ljv †Zvgv‡`i nv‡Z wbI bv|Õ GB e³…Zvq wZwb AevOvwj‡`i D‡Ïk K‡i e‡jb, Ôhviv evsjv Rv‡b bv, †Zvgv‡`i ejwQ, †Zvgiv AvR †_‡K evOvwj n‡q hvI|Õ †h evOvwj RvwZev`x Av‡›`vj‡bi dj wn‡m‡e gyw³hy× n‡qwQj e‡j `vwe Kiv nq, †mB ÔevOvwjÕ ej‡Z †kL gywRe wVK Kx †evSv‡Z PvB‡ZbÑ evsjv‡`‡ki mxgvšÍ †eóbx‡Z mxwgZ Rb‡Mvôx I LyeB msKxY© RvZ¨vwfgvbx evOvwj †Mvôx?31 Aek¨ Gi cvkvcvwk wZwb `„pK‡É GK ARvbv-AÁvZ-KwíZ we‡ivax kw³i weiæ‡× mZK©evYx D”PviY K‡i e‡jb, ÔZv‡`i wbg©~j Ki‡eb, wbt‡kl Ki‡ebÕ| Ggb fxwZKi fvlvI e¨envi K‡ib|32



Qq †mw`b XvKv kn‡i gywRe Abymvixiv GKUv bZzb †køvMvb †`qÑ Ôwe‡k¦ G‡jv bZzb ev`, gywReev`-gywReev`Õ|33 †kL gywR‡ei AwZ Drmvnx Abymvixiv ÔgywReev`Õ Kx wRwbm Zv ¯úó Kivi cÖ‡qvRb †eva K‡ibwb| K‡qKw`b c‡i mvsevw`‡Kiv evsjv‡`‡k †kL gywR‡ei cÖ_g msev` m‡¤§j‡b Zv‡K gy‡LvgywL wR‡Ám K‡ib, ÔgywReev`Õ Kx? wZwb w¯§Znv‡m¨ cÖkœKvix mvsevw`‡Ki w`‡K wKQz¶Y ZvwK‡q †_‡K e‡jb: Avwg GLb ej‡Z cvi‡ev bv|34



90 91



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mvZ †kL gywRe cvwK¯Ív‡bi †Rj †_‡K Qvov †c‡q †`‡k wdi‡j Iwiqvbv dvjvwP Avevi XvKvq Av‡mb| Gi g‡a¨B AvDUvi †÷wWqv‡g Kv‡`i wmwÏKxi †e‡qv‡bU PvR© K‡i K‡qKRb‡K nZ¨vi msev` AvšÍR©vwZK MYgva¨‡g Qvwc‡q‡Qb Iwiqvbv| cici `yÕw`b †kL gywR‡ei mv¶vrKvi †bb wZwb| mv¶vrKvimn Iwiqvbvi K‡qK cvZvi `xN© cÖwZ‡e`b Qvcv nq 24 †deªæqvwi 1972-G BZvjxq cwÎKv Ôj BD‡ivwcIÕ‡Z| dvjvwP †kL gywRe‡K Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb wØZxq wek¦hy×Kv‡j BZvwji MYwaK…Z ˆ¯^ivPvix kvmK gy‡mvwjwbi m‡½| Zuv‡K wg_¨vev`x e‡j‡Qb, AnsKvix e‡j‡Qb, GgbwK Db¥v` ch©šÍ ej‡Z wØav K‡ibwb| 26 gvP© wZwb wbnZ bv n‡q †MÖßvi †Kb n‡jbÑ Zvi e¨vL¨v Rvb‡Z †P‡q Iwiqvbv m‡›`n cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb, fy‡Ævi m‡½ Zuvi nq‡Zv †Kvb †Mvcb AuvZvZ wQj| Iwiqvbvi cÖwZ‡e`b c‡o g‡b nq, †kL gywRe AZ¨šÍ Amwnòz, ¶gZv`c©x I e`&‡gRv‡Ri gvbyl wQ‡jb| †kL gywR‡ei GK fv‡Mœ kg‡mi Iqv`y`‡K mv¶x `uvo Kwi‡q Iwiqvbv e‡j‡Qb, Ô¶gZvi †jv‡f †jvKUv cvMj n‡q †M‡QÕ| Iwiqvbv wj‡L‡Qb, GB wi‡cv‡U©i Kvi‡Y Ôgyw³evwnbxÕi †µva Gwo‡q evsjv‡`k †_‡K cvwj‡q †h‡Z eva¨ n‡qwQ‡jb wZwb| wegv‡b wbivc‡` cvwj‡q †h‡Z cuvPRb A‡÷ªjxq I `yÕRb fviZxq Zv‡K mvnvh¨ K‡iwQj|39 cieZ©x mg‡q cÖKvwkZ gywR‡ei Av‡iKwU mv¶vrKv‡i Iwiqvbv †kL gywRe‡K D×Z I Zvi †`Lv me‡P‡q g~p gvbyl wn‡m‡e Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb|40



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m~Î: 1. g~javiv Õ71; gC`yj nvmvb, BDwcGj, gvP© 2013, c„ôv: 199-200 2. Rvm‡`i DÌvb cZb : Aw¯’i mg‡qi ivRbxwZ; gwnDwÏb Avng`, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, 2014, c„ôv: 61 3. evsjv‡`k : †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi kvmbKvj; gI`y` Avng`,RMjyj Avjg Ab~w`Z, BDwcGj, †deªæqvwi 2016, c„ôv: 2-3 4. evsjv‡`k AeRvifvi; 3 Rvbyqvwi, 1972 5. evsjv‡`‡ki ivR‰bwZK NUbvcwÄ 1971-2011; gynv¤§` nvweeyi ingvb, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, †deªæqvwi 2014, c„ôv: 29 6. evsjv‡`‡ki ivRbxwZ 1972-1975; nvwjg `v` Lvb, AvMvgx cÖKvkbx, †deªæqvwi 2004, c„ôv: 27 7. Rvm‡`i DÌvb cZb : Aw¯’i mg‡qi ivRbxwZ, gwnDwÏb Avng`, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, GwcÖj 2017, c„ôv: 62-63 8. evsjv‡`k : †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi kvmbKvj; gI`y` Avng`, Ab~w`Z: RMjyj Avjg, BDwcGj, †deªæqvwi 2016, c„ôv: 4 9. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 5 10. wmivRyi ingv‡bi wfwWI mv¶vrKviwU †`L‡Z wb‡Pi wKDAvi †KvWwU ¯‹¨vb KiæbÑ



11. ˆ`wbK evsjv; 9 Rvbyqvwi 1972 12. B‡ËdvK; iweevi, 24 †cŠl 1378 e½vã, 9 Rvbyqvwi 1972 13. e½eÜz gy³ : 8 Rvbyqvwi mevi †PvL wQj jÛ‡b; Dw`mv Bmjvg, evsjv wUªweDb, 8 Rvbyqvwi 2020 14. The David Frost Show, WNEW-TV, New York on January 18, 1972 15. gyw³hy× I Zvici : GKwU wb`©jxq BwZnvm; †Mvjvg gyiwk`, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, Rvbyqvwi 2010, c„ôv: 167 16. Rxe‡bi evjyKv‡ejvq; dviæK †PŠayix, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, 2014, c„ôv: 197 17. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 198 18. B‡ËdvK; g½jevi, 26 †cŠl 1378 e½vã, 11 Rvbyqvwi 1972 19. Rxe‡bi evjyKv‡ejvq; dviæK †PŠayix, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, 2014, c„ôv: 202 20. ivRbxwZ, nZ¨v I weåvšÍ RvwZ; iBmDwÏb Avwid, cvVK mgv‡ek, †deªæqvwi 1997, c„ôv: 131-132 21. gyw³hy‡×i ARvbv BwZnvm; mvsevw`K †Mvjvg gwnDwÏb, wSbyK cÖKvk, GwcÖj 2005, c„ôv: 41-42



22. gyw³hy‡×i w`b w`bvšÍ; W. mvÕ`Z ûmvBb (mv‡eK gwš¿cwil` mwPe), gvIjv eªv`vm©, †deªæqvwi 2009, c„ôv: 118 23. Ôevsjv‡`k : `yB `k‡Ki ivRbxwZÕ kxl©K Av‡jvPbv mfvq mvsevw`K AvZvDm mvgv`; 29 Rvbyqvwi †_‡K 4 †deªæqvwi 1993 Ges Bangladesh : Past two decades and the current decade; Qazi Khaliquzzaman Ahmad (Editor); Bangladesh Unnayan Parishad (BUP) - June, 1994; P. 456-458 24. mv‡eK cÖavbgš¿x AvZvDi ingvb Lv‡bi mv¶vrKvi, fvlv Av‡›`vjb : mvZPwjøk †_‡K evqvbœ; †gv¯Ídv Kvgvj, evsjv‡`k †Kv-Acv‡iwUf eyK †mvmvBwU, †deªæqvwi 1987; c„ôv 143 25. gyw³hy× I Zvici : GKwU wb`©jxq BwZnvm; †Mvjvg gyiwk`, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, Rvbyqvwi 2010, c„ôv: 180 26. GKvˇii gyw³hy× : GKRb †m±i KgvÛv‡ii ¯§„wZK_v; K‡b©j (Ae.) KvRx byiæ¾vgvb, Aemi cÖKvkbv, †deªæqvwi 2009, c„ôv: 9 27. ZvRDÏxb Avng` : †bZv I wcZv; kviwgb Avn‡g`, HwZn¨ cÖKvkbx, wW‡m¤^i 2014, c„ôv: 104 28. ˆ`wbK evsjv, g½jevi, 26 †cŠl 1378 e½vã, 11 Rvbyqvwi 1972 29. ivRbxwZi †mKvj I GKvj; †kL Ave`yj AvwRR (AvIqvgx jx‡Mi cÖwZôvZv m`m¨ Ges gywRe miKv‡ii Z_¨, K…wl I †hvMv‡hvM gš¿x), w` ¯‹vB cvewjkvm©, †deªæqvwi 2009, c„ôv: 285 30. ¯^vaxb evsjvi Afz¨`q Ges AZtci; KvgiæÏxb Avng` (cÖv³b ivóª`~Z), aªæc` mvwnZ¨v½b, †deªæqvwi 2006, c„ôv: 151 31. B‡ËdvK; g½jevi, 26 †cŠl 1378 e½vã, 11 Rvbyqvwi 1972 32. Aeiæ× bqgvm; AvZvDi ingvb Lvb, bI‡ivR wKZvwe¯Ívb, †deªæqvwi 1991, c„ôv: 80 33. c~e©‡`k; g½jevi, 26 †cŠl 1378 e½vã, 11 Rvbyqvwi 1972 34. evsjv‡`k, cÖeÜ, e³…Zv, wee„wZ, evYx, wb‡`©k I mv¶vrKvi, †kL gywReyi ingvb; m¤úv`bv: Av Av g m Av‡iwdb wmwÏK cÖgyL, e½eÜz jwjZKjv GKv‡Wgx, 17 gvP© 2017, c„ôv: 616 35. Mujib as quoted in Mohammed M Khan and Habib M Zafarullah eds, Politics and Bureaucracy in New Nation: Bangladesh (Dhaka: Centre for Public administration, 1980, 86-87 n‡Z Bs‡iwR †_‡K Ab~w`Z 36. gyjaviv Õ71; gC`yj nvmvb, BDwcGj, gvP© 2013, c„ôv: 215-216 37. gyw³hy× I Zvici : GKwU wb`©jxq BwZnvm; †Mvjvg gyiwk`, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, Rvbyqvwi 2010, c„ôv: 181 38. evsjv‡`k, cÖeÜ, e³…Zv, wee„wZ, evYx, wb‡`©k I mv¶vrKvi, †kL gywReyi ingvb; m¤úv`bv: Av Av g m Av‡iwdb wmwÏK cÖgyL, e½eÜz jwjZKjv GKv‡Wgx, 17 gvP© 2017, c„ôv: 616622 39. e½eÜz I Iwiqvbv dvjvwP; nvmvb †di‡`Šm, cÖ_g Av‡jv, 23 gvP© 2012| Iwiqvbv dvjvwPi †bqv †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi mvÿvrKviwUi wjsK wb‡P †`qv n‡jv: https://www. somewhereinblog.net/blog/mahbubmoreblog/28791687



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40. Oriana Fallaci: The Rolling Stone Interview; How to uncloth an emperor: A talk with the greatest political interviewer of modern times. -Jonathan Cott. To view this Interview Scan the QR Code:



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m~Î: 1. i¶xevwnbxi mZ¨ wg_¨v; Av‡bvqvi Dj Avjg, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, 2013, c„ôv: 21 2. evsjv‡`k : †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi kvmbKvj; gI`y` Avng`, RMjyj Avjg Ab~w`Z, BDwcGj, †deªæqvwi 2016, c„ôv: 54 3. evsjv‡`k AeRvifvi; 3 Rvbyqvwi 1972 4. evsjv‡`k fviZ m¤úK©; †gvnv¤§` †mwjg, evsjv GKv‡Wwg, Ryb 2009, c„ôv: 15-16 5. mg‡qi Kɯ^i; Aa¨vcK †gvRvddi Avng`, Av‡jvNi, AvM÷ 2017, c„ôv: 15 6. g~javiv Õ71; gC`yj nvmvb, BDwcGj, 1992, c„ôv: 195 7. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 21 8. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 20 9. Pakistan’s Crisis in Leadership; F.M. Khan, page: 96 10. evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy‡×i `wjjcÎ; `kg LÐ, MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii c‡¶ nv°vbx cvewjkvm©, wW‡m¤^i 2010, c„ôv: 6-7 11. evsjv‡`‡ki ivRbxwZi wnmve wbKvk; e`iæwÏb Dgi, Avdmvi eªv`vm©, GwcÖj 2008, c„ôv: 47-48 12. evsjv‡`k : †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi kvmbKvj; gI`y` Avng`, RMjyj Avjg Ab~w`Z, BDwcGj, †deªæqvwi 2016, c„ôv: 55-56 13. evsjv‡`‡ki ivR‰bwZK NUbvcwÄ 1971-2011; gynv¤§` nvweeyi ingvb, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, †deªæqvwi 2014, c„ôv: 30 14. evsjv‡`k : †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi kvmbKvj; gI`y` Avng`, RMjyj Avjg Ab~w`Z, †deªæqvwi 2016, BDwcGj, c„ôv: 57 15. evsjv‡`‡ki ivR‰bwZK NUbvcwÄ 1971-2011; gynv¤§` nvweeyi ingvb, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, †deªæqvwi 2014, c„ôv: 31 16. evsjv‡`k : †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi kvmbKvj; gI`y` Avng`, RMjyj Avjg Ab~w`Z, BDwcGj, †deªæqvwi 2016, c„ôv: 57 17. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 109 18. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 59-60



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wKš‘ Zv †d‡j w`‡q wb‡Ri evev‡K †nq cÖwZcbœ Ki‡Z cvi‡jv bv †m| K‡qK gvm ci †mB evev AveviI G‡m‡Qb, wKš‘ Zv‡K †bevi K_v e‡jbwb| KjKvZv †_‡K Avbv kvwo wb‡q Zvi `v`v G‡m‡Qb, GgbwK Zvi †cÖwgKI G‡m †`‡L †M‡Q| †KD-B Zv‡K wdwi‡q †bevi K_v e‡jwb| Z‡e exiv½bvi `v`v Aek¨ GKUv K_v e‡j †M‡Qb, hv Zvi evev m¤¢eZ gyL dz‡U ej‡Z cv‡iwb| `v`v ej‡jv: Avgiv †h hLb cvi‡ev †Zvi m‡½ †`Lv K‡i hv‡ev| ZzB wKš‘ ûU& K‡i Avevi evwo wM‡q DwVm bv| exiv½bvi gy‡Li †cwk¸‡jv µgk k³ n‡q AvmwQj| `v`v †mw`‡K GK bRi ZvwK‡q PU K‡i ej‡jv: ZvQvov Avgv‡`i wVKvbvq wPwVcÎ wjLeviI `iKvi †bB| ZyB †Zv fv‡jvB AvwQm| AvwgI PvKwi †c‡qwQ, miKvi †_‡K ¶wZc~iY †c‡qwQ, Zv w`‡q evwoNiI †givgZ n‡q‡Q| `yÕwU NiI †Zvjv n‡q‡Q|2 GUvB wQj cÖvq me exiv½bvi Mí| miKvwi mvnv‡h¨i UvKvq Zv‡`i wcÖqZg cwievi evwo evbvq, wKš‘ †mB evwo‡ZB Zv‡`i ¯’vb nq bv| exiv½bv‡`i Z¨vM, †e`bv, Acgvb Avi Zv‡`i cÖwZ Kv‡jw±f wWbvqvj ev mgwóMZ A¯^xK…wZ I cÖZ¨vL¨v‡bi Mí¸‡jv ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`k Avov‡jB ivL‡Z †P‡q‡Q me mgq|



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f~wgKv i‡q‡Q Aby”PvwiZ|3 gyw³hy‡×i mgq iv‡Zi †ejv cvK wgwjUvwi I Zv‡`i G‡`kxq †`vmi ivRvKvi, Avj&-e`iiv MÖv‡gi bvix‡`i Dci PovI n‡Zv|4 Îvm m„wói Ask wn‡m‡e Zv‡`i cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i mvg‡bB bvix‡`i al©Y Kiv n‡Zv|5 GQvovI 8 †_‡K 75 eQi eqmx bvix‡`i AcniY K‡i we‡klfv‡e wbwg©Z wkwe‡i wb‡q hvIqv n‡Zv, †hLv‡b Zviv evi evi jvwÃZ n‡Zb| K¨v‡¤ú ew›` A‡bK‡KB nZ¨v Kiv nq A_ev Zviv wb‡RivB AvZ¥nZ¨v K‡i;6,7 wKQy bvix Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i Pzj e¨envi K‡i AvZ¥nZ¨v Kivq ˆmb¨iv e›`x bvix‡`i Pzj †K‡U †`q|8 hviv AcüZ n‡qwQj Ges †mbvevwnbxi nv‡Z AvUK wQj G ai‡bi 563 Rb bvix m¤ú‡K© ÔUvBg g¨vMvwRbÕ-G cÖKvwkZ GKwU cÖwZ‡e`‡b ejv nq: ÔhLb †mbvevwnbx Zv‡`i‡K gyw³ †`qv ïiæ K‡i, ZLb G‡`i mK‡jB wZb †_‡K cvuP gv‡mi Mf©eZx wQj|Õ9 cvwK¯Ívb miKvi wbh©vZb m¤úwK©Z cÖwZ‡e`b GB A‡ji evB‡i cvVv‡Z evav`v‡bi †Póv K‡i| ZeyI MYgva¨‡g b„ksmZvi msev` wek¦e¨vcx cÖPvwiZ nIqvq mvavi‡Y¨ Zv †cuŠ‡Q hvq Ges Zv gyw³hy‡×i c‡¶ e¨vcK AvšÍR©vwZK Rbmg_©b e„wׇZ mnvqZv K‡i|10 wKQy bvix‡K †Rvi K‡i cwZZve„wˇZ eva¨ Kiv nq|11 cvwK¯Ívb miKv‡ii wnmve g‡Z, †hLv‡b al©‡Yi wkKvi bvixi msL¨v kZvwaK12 †mLv‡b Ab¨vb¨ wnmve g‡Z, GB msL¨v AvbygvwbK 2,00,00013 †_‡K 4,00,00014| Z‡e GB msL¨vwU m¤¢eZ ¶wZMÖ¯Í bvixi| KviY, †kL gywRe miKv‡ii cybe©vmb gš¿Yvjq `yÕ ch©v‡q `yÕwU wnmve cÖ¯‘Z K‡i Ges †mB wnmv‡e cÖ_g ch©v‡q 300 Rb exiv½bvi mÜvb cvq| G‡`i AwaKvsk wQj ¯‹yjQvÎx| wØZxq ch©v‡q †gvU `yB jvL EblvU nvRvi `yB kÕ cÂvbœ Rb ¶wZMÖ¯Í bvixi mÜvb †g‡j, hvi g‡a¨ 8.3 kZvsk A_©vr 21,519 Rb bvix wQ‡jb awl©Zv|15 GB awl©Zv AbymÜvb ïiæ nq 1972 mv‡j 10 Rvbyqvwi evsjv‡`k cybe©vmb `߇ii gš¿x Kvgviæ¾vgv‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ ÔRvZxq bvix cybe©vmb ms¯’vÕ MV‡bi ci|ÕÕ15 †RwbK G¨vwiÝ wj‡L‡Qb †h, †Kv‡bv GKwU RvwZMZ †Mvôx‡K wbg©~j



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wPÎ-K_b: gyw³hy× I bvixi gh©v`v gyw³hy‡×i g‡Zv GZ eo Ges cÖvq-wecøex GK NUbvI Avgv‡`i GB cðv`&c` mgv‡Ri wPšÍv KvVv‡gv‡Z Lye GKUv cwieZ©b Avb‡Z c‡iwb| we‡kl K‡i bvixi Ae¯’vb, gh©v`v Avi m¤§vb cÖ‡kœ gyw³hy‡×i Ae¨ewnZ cieZ©x mgv‡Ri wPšÍv-‡PZbvi KvVv‡gv‡Z †Kv‡bv iKg cwieZ©b cwijwÿZ nqwb| kZvãxi ci kZvãx a‡i cyiælkvwmZ mgvR bvixi cÖwZ †h nxb-`xb `„wófw½ jvjb K‡i AvmwQj, Zv †_‡K DËi‡Yi ZvwMZ †eva K‡ibwb mgvRcwZiv| gyw³hy‡× `Lj`vi cvK †mbv‡`i Rei`w¯Íi Kv‡Q Avgv‡`i nvRvi nvRvi bvix‡K Zvi mZxZ¡-m¤£g wemR©b w`‡Z n‡qwQj| wKš‘ GLv‡bB †kl bq, hyׇk‡l cÖv‡Y †eu‡P hvIqv GB me bvix‡K N‡i Zz‡j wb‡Z Pvbwb ¯^RbivÑ Zv‡`i evev-fvB, KvKv-`v`viv| fve‡Z AevK jv‡M! Giv wK cvK nvbv`vi evwnbxi PvB‡Z wKQz Kg Ki‡jv? mgv‡Ri ØvivB iv‡óªi PvwiΨ-ˆewkó¨ MwVZ I wb‡`©wkZ n‡q _v‡K| ZvB †mw`b ivóª I iv‡óªi AwffveK-KY©aviivI fq¼i wbh©vZb-wbcxo‡bi wkKvi GB bvix‡`i mnvqZvq h_v_©fv‡e Zv‡`i cv‡k `uvov‡Z cv‡iwb| miKvi cÖavb †kL gywRe G‡`i `yÕ-GKwU AvkÖq‡K‡›`ª wM‡q Kv‡iv Kv‡iv gv_vq nvZ †i‡L mvšÍ¦bv Avi Avk¦vm-evYx ïwb‡q G‡m‡Qb| wKš‘ †m me Avk¦vm †Kv‡bv Kv‡R Av‡mwb, cieZ©x K‡qK `k‡Ki BwZnvm Zv-B Rvwb‡q †M‡Q| d‡Uv †µwWU: ikx` ZvjKz`vi/`„K



Kivi Rb¨ GKwU B”QvK…Z cÖ‡Póv wn‡m‡e AmsL¨ bvix awl©Z nq; nZ¨v Kiv nq Ges †hŠbv‡½i g‡a¨ †eq‡bU Øviv AvNvZ Kiv nq|16 KvbvWxq ivóªweÁvbx A¨vWvg †Rvb&m e‡j‡Qb †h, GB MYal©‡Yi Ab¨Zg KviY wQj evOvwj bvix‡`i ÔAm¤§vbÕ Kivi gva¨‡g evOvwj mgv‡Ri gb¯ÍvwË¡K cZb NUv‡bv| †mRb¨ wKQz bvix‡K g„Zz¨ bv nIqv ch©šÍ al©Y Kiv nq|17 cvwK¯Ívwb †mbvevwnbx evOvwj cyiæl‡`iI al©Y K‡iwQj| cyiæliv hLb †Kv‡bv GKwU Zjøvwk‡K›`ª cvi n‡Zv, ZLb Zv‡`i‡K Lrbv Kiv‡bv n‡qwQj wK-bv Zv cÖgvY Ki‡Z wb‡`©k †`qv n‡Zv Ges GLv‡bB G ai‡bi NUbv¸‡jv mvaviYZ NU‡Zv|18 ÔB›Uvib¨vkbvj Kwgkb di Rvw÷mÕ gšÍe¨ K‡i‡Q †h, cvwK¯Ív‡bi mk¯¿evwnbxi Øviv msNwUZ b„ksmZv wQj GKwU myk„•Lj evwnbx Øviv †¯^”Qvq M„nxZ bxwZi GKwU Ask|19 †jLK gyj&K ivR Avb›` cvwK¯Ívwb †mbvevwnbxi Kvh©µg m¤ú‡K© e‡j‡Qb, Ôal©Y¸‡jv wQj c×wZMZ Ges e¨vcK; G¸‡jv m‡PZbfv‡e M„nxZ mgibxwZi Ask| Ôcwðg cvwK¯Ívwb‡`i Øviv cwiKwíZ GKwU ÔbZzb RvwZÕ ˆZwi Ki‡Z A_ev ÔevOvwj RvZxqZvev‡`i Dcjwä‡K, †cÖiYv‡K nvjKv K‡i w`‡ZÕ Gme Kiv n‡qwQj|20



wZb 1971 mv‡j exiv½bv‡`i kixi ¯úk© K‡iwQj bicïiv| mZxZ¡ bvk K‡i G‡`i ÔcvcxÕ evbv‡bv n‡q‡Q Ges cwiYZ K‡i‡Q N„Yvi cvÎx‡Z| ¯^vaxb †`‡ki mgv‡R awl©Z bvix‡`i VuvB nqwb| ¯^vaxb †`‡k G‡`i wPb‡Z Pvqwb mn‡hv×v cyiæl| †`Lvqwb GK †duvUv mnvbyf~wZ, M‡owb †Kv‡bv m¤úK©| mvgvwRK wbivcËv Avi AvkÖ‡qi Afv‡e bvRyK Ae¯’vq c‡ob bvixiv| wcZv, fvB ev cwievi †KD GwM‡q G‡m Zv‡`i MÖnY K‡ibwb| mn‡hv×v wn‡m‡e †h me gyw³‡hv×vi mv‡_ bvixiv KvR K‡i‡Qb Ges KvR Ki‡Z wM‡q awl©Z n‡q‡Qb, †m me cyiæl †hv×viv †KD GK †duvUv mnvbyf~wZ †`Lvbwb ev cv‡k G‡m `uvovbwb|1 mK‡j g‡b-cÖv‡Y †P‡q‡Qb awl©Z bvixi wbe©vmb|15 ¯^vaxbZvi c‡i exiv½bv‡`i kvixwiK-gvbwmK ¶wZ‡K †`Lv n‡q‡Q wfbœZi `„wó‡Z| N„Yv, ˆelg¨, D‡c¶v, Ae‡njv Avi cyiælZ‡š¿i i‡_i PvKvq wcó-we¯§„Z, wbg©gZvq wbe©vwmZ mn‡hv×v bvix‡`i wekvj GKwU Ask| hy×iZ RvwZi Ask nIqv m‡Ë¡I Zviv wPwýZ n‡q‡Qb wbh©vwZZv ev 112 113



wPÎ-K_b: gyw³hy× I bvixi gh©v`v 1972 mv‡ji RyjvB‡qi wØZxq mßv‡n ivRavbxi Bmjvgcy‡ii gv`vi †Z‡imvi wgkbvwim Ad P¨vwiwUi 21 Rb wkïi weij Qwe| Gi g‡a¨ c‡b‡iv Rb‡K `ËK †bIqvi AbygwZ †`Iqv n‡qwQj Ges †ifv †d«W K¨vcywP‡bv Ges ewb K¨vcywP‡bvi †bZ…‡Z¡ GKwU `‡ji gva¨‡g KvbvWv †cŠu‡QwQ‡jb| bx‡P, 1972 mv‡ji 21 †k RyjvB `¨ gw›U«qvj ÷v‡i cÖKvwkZ GKwU Qwe‡Z evsjv‡`k †_‡K †mLv‡b GKRb hy‡×i mšÍv‡bi AvMgb †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| d‡Uv †µwWU: ikx` ZvjKz`vi/`„K



awl©Zv wn‡m‡e, c½y wn‡m‡e bq| hy‡× me mgqB bvixi Ici cÖ_g AvNvZ Av‡m| kvixwiK, cvkweK I ˆRweK wbh©vZ‡bi wbg©g wkKvi nb Zviv| 1971 mv‡j Zvi e¨vZ¨q N‡Uwb| wbh©vwZZ bvix‡`i U«v‡RwW G‡`‡ki cyiæl gvby‡li ü`q †Quvqwb| mvgvwRK I cvwievwiK A½ywj †nj‡b Gme bvixiv cwiYZ n‡q‡Qb DØv¯‘‡Z| Kv‡Qi gvbyl, cv‡ki gvbyl, mvgvwRK gvby‡li †Pnviv e`‡j hvIqv‡Z †Pbv Rxe‡b Zviv Avi †Kv‡bv w`b wdi‡Z cv‡ibwb| mgv‡Ri K~U‡KŠkj Zv‡`i wdi‡Z †`qwb|3 gyw³hy‡×i g‡Zv GZ eo NUbvI mgv‡Ri wPšÍv KvVv‡gv‡Z Kvw•ÿZ cwieZ©b Avb‡Z cv‡iwb| gyw³hy× cieZ©x ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki mgvR, mgvRcwZ Ges wPi‡Pbv



wPÎ-K_b: †kL gywRe gyw³hy‡× awl©Zv bvix‡`i mšÍvb‡`i Ô`~wlZ i³Õ e‡j we‡`‡k cvwV‡q †`qvi g‡bvfve e¨³ Ki‡j mgv‡R GKUv mvs¯‹…wZK cÖwZ‡iv‡ai †Póv n‡qwQ‡jv| gyw³hy‡×i Dc‡I †mB mg‡q gyw³ cvIqv wm‡bgvi †cvóv‡ii U¨vM jvB‡b †jLv, ÔjvwÃZ bvix‡`i gh©v`v `vI| wb®úvc mšÍvb‡`i MÖnY KiÕ| GB AvnŸvb †h †kL gywRe‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡iB Zv cwi®‹vifv‡eB eySv hvq| d‡Uv: msM„nxZ



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gvbyl Zv‡`i mKj Ae`vb‡K A¯^xKvi K‡i‡Q| wcZv, fvB, cwievi, ¯^vgx, cÖwZ‡ekx mK‡j GKev‡K¨ A¯^xKvi K‡i‡Q Zv‡`i wdwi‡q wb‡Z| wbh©vwZZv A‡bK bvix AvZ¥nZ¨v K‡i| nvZz‡o Wv³vi w`‡q Mf©cvZ NUv‡Z wM‡q A‡b‡K g„Zz¨eiY K‡i| mgvR, cwievi, AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb‡`i jvÃbv I MÄbvi nvZ †_‡K †invB cvevi Rb¨ GKwU Ask †¯^”Qvq P‡j hvq cvK †mbv‡`i m½x n‡q, fwel¨Z cwiYwZi K_v †R‡bI| †KD-ev bvg †jLvb cwZZvcjøx‡Z| msL¨vMwiô wbh©vwZZviv †`k ¯^vaxb nIqvi ci cwiPq msK‡U c‡ob| D‡ØM, DrKÉv, k¼v, AvkÖqnxbZv, wbivcËv, Abœ-e¯¿, wPwKrmv I gh©v`vÑ me wgwj‡q Zviv wb`viæY nZvkvi N~wY©P‡µ c‡ob|1 bvix mgv‡Ri GK wekvj Ask‡K i¶v Ki‡Z bv cvivi j¾v, Møvwb I †e`bvnZ g‡bvfve †_‡K gywRe miKvi awl©Z bvix‡`i mvgvwRK cybe©vm‡bi D‡`¨vM †bb| exiv½bv k‡ãi A_©, aviYv I e¨env‡ii cÖwZ j¶¨ bv †i‡L wZwb Gme bvix‡`i m¤§vb Rvbv‡Z Ôexiv½bvÕ †LZv‡e f~wlZ K‡ib| †kL gywRe †P‡qwQ‡jb GB kãwU e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g nZfvM¨ bvix‡`i †MŠievwš^Z Ki‡Z| wKš‘ cÖPwjZ g~j¨‡eva bvixi cÖwZ cÖ‡hvR¨ GB kãwU MÖnY K‡iwb| cyi‡bv mvgvwRK, ms¯‹…wZK g~j¨‡ev‡ai Kvi‡Y g~javiv †_‡K G‡Kev‡i wew”Qbœ n‡q wbh©vwZZ bvixiv cwiYZ nb cÖvwšÍK bvix‡Z| Ô†hv×vÕ wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ bv w`‡q Zv‡`i Avjv`v †kÖwYe× K‡i †`qv nq| GB Avjv`v K‡i †`qv‡Z g~javiv †_‡K nvwi‡q hvb A‡bK m¤¢vebvgq bvix|1 awl©Z bvix‡`i cybe©vm‡bi Rb¨ †kL gywReyi ingvb e‡jwQ‡jbÑ Ôexiv½bv‡`i wb`viæY GK wbe©vm‡bi `yf©vM¨ †_‡K D×vi K‡i mgv‡R kÖ×vq I ¯^M„‡n mgv`‡i cybe©vwmZ Ki‡Z n‡e|Õ wZwb Av‡iv e‡jwQ‡jb, Ôwbh©vwZZv bvix‡`i Avwg Avgvi gv-†evb Ges Kb¨vi `„wó‡Z †`wL| Zv‡`i Agh©v`v Kiv n‡q‡Q, KviY Zviv evsjv‡`k‡K fv‡jvevm‡Zv|Õ wZwb wbh©vwZZv bvix‡`i ga¨ †_‡K Rxebmw½bx †e‡Q wb‡q evsjv‡`k‡K Mwe©Z evsjv‡`k wn‡m‡e M‡o †Zvjvi `„óvšÍ ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ Rbmvavi‡Yi cÖwZ AvnŸvb Rvbvb|15 wbh©vwZZv bvix‡`i †¶‡Î Ôexiv½bvÕ k‡ãi e¨envi miKvwi ch©vq †_‡K ïiæ nIqvi ci G‡`i mvgvwRK VuvB wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ MwVZ nq ÔRvZxq cybe©vmb I Kj¨vY dvD‡Ûkb Ges bvix cybe©vmb ms¯’vÕ (1972)|15 1974 mv‡j wbh©vwZZ bvix‡`i c‡¶ GKwU AvBbI cvm nq|15



wPÎ-K_b: cvwK¯Ívwb evwnbxi Kv‡Q awl©Z wK‡kvix exi½bv Avi †Kv‡j hy×wkï| gv`vi †Z‡imv GB exi½bv Avi hy×wkï‡K AvkÖq †`b| d‡Uv: msM„nxZ



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m~Î: 1. bvix I evsjv‡`k; W. wb‡ew`Zv `vk cyiKvq¯’ I Dcgv `vk¸ß, m~PxcÎ, 2010, c„ôv: 28 2. Avwg exiv½bv ejwQ; bxwjgv Beªvwng, RvM„wZ cÖKvkbx, cÖ_g ALÐ cÖKvk, Rvbyqvwi 1998, ló cÖKvk: †deªæqvwi 2013, c„ôv: 24-25 3. bvix I evsjv‡`k; W. wb‡ew`Zv `vk cyiKvq¯’ I Dcgv `vk¸ß, m~PxcÎ, 2010, c„ôv: 27 4. Thomas, Dorothy Q.; Reagan E. Ralph (1998). “Rape in War: The case of Bosnia”. Sabrina P. Ramet. Gender Politics in the Western Balkans: Women and Society in Yugoslavia and the Yugoslav Successor States. Pennsylvania State University. ISBN: 978-0-271-01802-7 5. Thomas, Dorothy Q; Regan E. Ralph (1994). “Rape in War: Challenging the Tradition of Impunity”. SAIS Review. Johns Hopkins University Press. 14 (1): 82-99. doi:10.1353/sais. 1994.0019 6. Jahan, Rounaq (2004). ‘The Bangladesh Genocide’. Samuel Totten, Teaching About Genocide: Issues, Approaches, and Resources. Information Age. ISBN: 978-1-59311-074-1 7. Brownmiller, Susan (1975). Against Our Will: Men, Women and Rape. Ballantine. ISBN: 0-449-90820-8 8. D’Costa, Bina (December 2008). “Victory’s silence”. Himal Magazine. 9. Coggin, Dan (1971). “East Pakistan: Even the Skies Weep”. Time. 98: 157 10. Dixit, Jyotindra Nath (2002). India-Pakistan in War and Peace. Routledge. ISBN: 978-0-415-30472-6. 11. Brownmiller, Susan (1975). Against Our Will: Men, Women and Rape. Ballantine. ISBN: 0-449-90820-8 12. Rahman, Hamoodur (2007). Hamoodur Rahman Commission of Inquiry into the 1971 India-Pakistan War, Supplementary Report. Arc Manor. ISBN: 978-1-60450-020-2 13. Saikia, Yasmin (2011). “War as history, humanity in violence: Women, men and memories of 1971, East Pakistan/Bangladesh”. Elizabeth D. Heineman. Sexual Violence in Conflict Zones: From the Ancient World to the Era of Human Rights. University of Pennsylvania Press. Page: 152-170, ISBN: 978-0-8122-4318-5 14. Riedel, Bruce O. (2011). Deadly Embrace: Pakistan, America, and the Future of the Global Jihad. Brookings Institution. ISBN: 978-0-81570557-4 15. bvix I evsjv‡`k; W. wb‡ew`Zv `vk cyiKvq¯’ I Dcgv `vk¸ß, m~PxcÎ, 2010, c„ôv: 29 16. Arens, Jenneke (2010). “Genocide in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh”. Samuel Totten, Robert K. Hitchcock. Genocide of



Indigenous Peoples. Transaction. Page- 117–142; ISBN: 978-1-41281495-9 17. Jones, Adam (2010). Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction. Taylor & Francis. ISBN: 978-0-415-48618-7 18. Mookherjee, Nayanika (2012). “Mass rape and the inscription of gendered and racial domination during the Bangladesh War of 1971”. Raphaelle Branche, Fabrice Virgili. Rape in Wartime। Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN: 978-0-230-36399-1 19. Linton, Suzannah (2010). “Completing the Circle: Accountability for the Crimes of the 1971 Bangladesh War of Liberation”. Criminal Law Forum Springer. 21 (2): 191–311 doi: 10.1007/s10609-010-9119-8 20. Brownmiller, Susan (1975). Against Our Will: Men, Women and Rape. Ballantine. ISBN: 0-449-90820-8 21. bvix I evsjv‡`k; W. wb‡ew`Zv `vk cyiKvq¯’ I Dcgv `vk¸ß, m~PxcÎ, 2010, c„ôv: 30 22. Avwg exiv½bv ejwQ; bxwjgv Beªvwng; cÖ_g ALÐ cÖKvk: Rvbyqvwi 1998, lô cÖKvk: †deªæqvwi 2013, RvM„wZ cÖKvkbx, c„óv: 22 23. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 31



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wZb Rwni ivqnv‡bi evmvq cwiev‡ii m‡½ †`Lv Ki‡Z wM‡q †cÖwm‡W›U Avey mvB` †PŠayix e‡jwQ‡jb, Ô¯^vaxb †`‡k Ggb GKRb e¨w³‡K nvivjvg, hv‡K GLb Avgv‡`i †ewk cÖ‡qvRb| hv NU‡jv Zv Avgv‡`i mK‡ji e¨_©Zv|Õ cÎ-cwÎKvq Rwni ivqnv‡bi nvwi‡q hvIqvi Lei †ei n‡Z jvMj| A‡bK¸‡jv bZzb wm‡bgv evbv‡bvi K_v wQj Zvi| fvlv Av‡›`vjb wb‡qI GKUv wm‡bgv evbv‡bvi K_v wQj| bvgI w`‡qwQ‡jb, ÔGKz‡k †deªæqvwiÕ|4 NUbvi w`b Rwni ivqnvb Zvi †h MvwoUv †i‡L †mbvevwnbxi m‡½ fvB‡qi †Luv‡R wM‡qwQ‡jb †m MvwowU ciw`b †mvn&ivIqv`©x D`¨v‡bi Kv‡Q cvIqv hvq| Gi Zvjv wQj fvOv| Rwni ivqnv‡bi inm¨RbK wb‡LuvR nIqvi m‡½ m‡½ Zvi Wv‡qwi, †bvUeyK, KvMRc‡Îi dvBj Ges gyw³hy‡×i mgq wPÎvwqZ Ae¨eüZ g~j¨evb wdj¥ dz‡URmg~n nvwi‡q hvq| †mB m‡½ nvwi‡q hvq eyw×Rxex nZ¨vKv‡Ði Z`šÍ KwgwUi mg¯Í cÖvgvY¨ Z_¨|5 Gfv‡eB Rwni wPiZ‡i nvwi‡q hvb| Rwni ivqnvb wb‡LuvR nIqvi gvm †`‡oK ci knx`yjøvn Kvqmvi I Rwni ivqnv‡bi †evb bvwdmv Kwei, knx`yjøvn Kvqmv‡ii ¯¿x cvbœv Kvqmvi, Rwn‡ii ¯¿x myP›`vmn 1971 mv‡j wbnZ eyw×Rxex‡`i cwiev‡ii A‡b‡K †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi m‡½ †`Lv Ki‡Z †M‡j wZwb Zv‡`i mevB‡K e½fe‡bi †M‡U A‡c¶gvY iv‡Lb| GK mgq †kL gywReyi ingvb †M‡Ui mvg‡b G‡m we‡¶vf I †`Lv Kivi KviY Rvb‡Z PvB‡j Zvi m‡½ bvwdmv Kwe‡ii DËß evK¨wewbgq nq| †kL gywRe we‡¶vfKvix‡`i D‡Ïk K‡i e‡jb: A‡b‡K †Zv `vjvwj K‡i g‡i‡Q| bvwdmv Kwei DËi †`b, eyw×Rxexiv †KD `vjvwj K‡i g‡iwb| `vjvwj hviv K‡i‡Q Zviv GL‡bv †eu‡P Av‡Q| †m `vjvj‡`i wePv‡ii `vwe Rvbv‡Z G‡mwQ|6 c‡i GKw`b Ôeow`Õ A_©vr Rwni ivqnv‡bi eo †evb bvwdmv Kwei‡K †W‡K wb‡q †kL gywRe ej‡jb: Rwn‡ii wb‡LuvR wb‡q G iKg wPrKvi Ki‡j ZzwgI wb‡LuvR n‡q hv‡e!7 Rwni m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z wM‡q,Rwni ivqnv‡bi ¯¿x myP›`vi †QvU †evb bvwqKv 126 127



eweZv D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb, fviZ †_‡K wd‡i Avmvi ci GKevi GK wgwUs‡q Dwb e‡jwQ‡jb Òhy‡×i bqgvm Avwg KjKvZvq wQjvg| Avwg †`‡LwQ †mLv‡b †K wK K‡i‡Q| †K †`‡ki Rb¨ K‡i‡Q, Avi †K wb‡Ri Av‡Li ¸wQ‡q‡Q| Avgvi Kv‡Q me †iKW© Av‡Q| Avwg me dvum K‡i †`e| GUvB Rwni ivqnv‡bi Rxe‡b Kvj n‡q `vuwo‡qwQj| GRb¨B Rwni‡K dvu‡` †d‡j wgicyi wb‡q hvIqv nq Ges cwiKíbvgvwdK Zv‡K mwi‡q †`qv nq c„w_ex †_‡K|8 cÖL¨vZ evgcwš’ mvsevw`K wbg©j †mb wj‡LwQ‡jbÑ Ômv¤cÖwZKKv‡j Rwni ivqnvb wbiæ‡Ïk nIqv wb‡q bZzb Z_¨ †kvbv †M‡Q| ejv n‡q‡Q †h, cvwK¯Ívwb nvbv`vi ev AevOvwjiv bq, gyw³‡hv×v‡`i GKwU AskB Rwni ivqnvb‡K Lyb K‡i‡Q| gyw³‡hv×v‡`i G AskwUi j¶¨ wQjÑ evsjv‡`k‡K ¯^vaxb Kiv Ges m‡½ m‡½ evgcwš’ eyw×Rxexmn mvgwMÖKfv‡e evgcwš’ kw³‡K wbt‡kl K‡i †`qv| Giv bvwK evgcwš’ eyw×Rxex‡`i nZ¨vi GKUv ZvwjKv cÖYqb K‡iwQj| G‡`i aviYv G ZvwjKvwU Rwni ivqnv‡bi nv‡Z c‡owQj| Rwni ivqnvbI Rvb‡Zv Zvi Rxeb wbivc` bq| ZeyI †m wQj fvB‡qi †kv‡K g~n¨gvb| ZvB knx`yjøvn Kvqmv‡ii bvg ï‡bB †m Qz‡U wM‡qwQj wgicy‡i| Zvici Avi wd‡i Av‡mwb| G gnjB Zv‡K †W‡K wb‡q Lyb K‡i‡Q| Zvn‡j †KvbwU mZ¨? Rwni ivqnvb‡K Kviv ¸g K‡i‡Q? cvwK¯Ívwb nvbv`vi evwnbx, Avj&-e`i, Avj&-kvg&m& bv ivRvKvi? bvwK gyw³evwnbxi GKwU Ask? ¯úó K‡i ej‡j ejv hvq, gyw³evwnbxi G AskwU ÔgywReevwnbxÕ| 1971 mv‡j cÖevmx ¯^vaxb evsjv miKv‡ii ARv‡šÍ M‡o IVv ÔgywReevwnbxÕ m¤ú‡K© A‡bK ci¯úiwe‡ivax Z_¨ Av‡Q| wewfbœ gnj †_‡K evievi ejv n‡q‡Q, G evwnbx M‡o D‡VwQj fvi‡Zi mvgwiK evwnbxi †Rbv‡ij DevbGi †bZ…‡Z¡| G evwnbx wg‡Rviv‡g fviZxq evwnbxi m‡½ wg‡Rv‡`i weiæ‡× hy× K‡i‡Q| G‡`i `vwqZ¡ wQj ivRvKvi, kvwšÍ KwgwU I evsjv‡`‡ki evgcwš’‡`i †kl K‡i †djv| ÔgywReevwnbxÕ m¤ú‡K© G K_v¸‡jv evievi †jLv n‡q‡Q Ges n‡”Q| †Kv‡bv gnj †_‡KB G e³‡e¨i cÖwZev` Av‡mwb| A_P †`‡k ÔgywReevwnbxÕi A‡bK †bZv wewfbœ ivR‰bwZK `‡ji †bZ…‡Z¡ wQ‡jb Ges Av‡Qb| Zviv G e¨vcv‡i D”PevP¨ K‡ibwb, Ki‡Qb bv| Zv‡`i bxieZv Zv‡`i weiæ‡× DÌvwcZ e³e¨‡KB cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Q Ges Rwni ivqnv‡bi wb‡LuvR nevi e¨vcv‡iI ÔgywReevwnbxÕ‡KB `vqx e‡j a‡i



†bqv n‡”Q|Õ9 Z‡e †mw`‡bi cÖZ¨¶`k©x e‡j `vex Kiv †e½j †iwR‡g‡›Ui gyw³‡hv×v bv‡qK Avwgi †nv‡mb e‡jb, †ejv GMv‡ivUvi w`‡K wZwb Xs Xs cvMjv NwÈi kã ïb‡Z cvb| AvPgKv ¸wj Qy‡U Avm‡Z _v‡K Pvicvk †_‡K| evg w`‡K ZvwK‡q †`‡Lb cywjk m`m¨ Ges †mbv m`m¨iv jywU‡q c‡o‡Q| `ªæZ Kvfvi †bIqvi Rb¨ Avwgi GKwU B‡Ui ¯‘‡ci †cQ‡b Mv‡Qi Avov‡j AvkÖq †bb| †mLvb †_‡K wZwb †`‡Lb wKQy¶Y Av‡M cywj‡ki cvkvcvwk Rwni ivqnvb `vuwo‡q K_v ejwQ‡jb, wZwb ey‡K nvZ †P‡c a‡i cv‡k GKwU †`Iqv‡ji Mv‡q c‡o †M‡jb| Zvi Kvco i‡³ †f‡m hv‡”Q| Gici wKQy¶‡Yi g‡a¨B `w¶Y w`K w`‡q ¸wjel©Y eÜ n‡q †Mj, wKš‘ wmwfj †cvkv‡K kZvwaK wenvwi I mv`v †cvkv‡Ki cvwK¯Ívwb †mbviv `w¶Y w`K †_‡K W¨vMvi, wKwiP wb‡q Avjøvû AvKei †¯øvMvb w`‡Z w`‡Z GwM‡q Avm‡jv Ges c‡o _vKv kZ wbnZ‡`i †Kvcv‡Z ïiæ Kij| D`©y‡Z Zviv wPrKvi K‡i ejwQj, ÔKvD‡KB Qvov n‡e bvÕ| Zvici Zviv †U‡bwnuP‡o cvwbi U¨vs‡Ki cwðg w`‡K wb‡q †h‡Z _v‡K AvnZ wbnZ‡`i †`n¸‡jv| G mgq c‡o _vKv Rwni ivqnvb‡K 6-7 Rb wenvix nvZ-Nvo-†Kvgi a‡i †U‡b wb‡q hvq cvwbi U¨vs‡Ki cwðg w`‡KÓ|10 wKš‘ wgicyi GB hy‡×i ciciB gy³ n‡jI, Ab¨vb¨‡`i g„Z‡`n Lyu‡R cvIqv †M‡jI, Rwni ivqnv‡bi g„Z‡`n KL‡bvB Lyu‡R cvIqv hvqwb



m~Î: 1. mvßvwnK wewPÎv, 1 †g 1992 2. ˆ`wbK jvj meyR; mvsevw`K nviæbyi ikx` Lvb, 30 Rvbyqvwi 1993 3. gyw³hy× : Av‡M I c‡i; cvbœv Kvqmvi, AvMvgx cÖKvkbx, †deªæqvwi 1991, c„ôv: 168 4. Rwni ivqnvb : wb‡LuvR I A‡c¶vi nvRvi eQi; mûj Avn‡g`, wewWwbDR24, 20 AvM÷ 2016 5. ˆ`wbK msMÖvg; 28 wW‡m¤^i 2002 6. gyw³hy× : Av‡M I c‡i; cvbœv Kvqmvi, AvMvgx cÖKvkbx, †deªæqvwi 1991, c„ôv: 168 7. miKvi mvnveywÏb Avng`, ivûi Ke‡j evsjv‡`k ms¯‹…wZ, XvKv, c„ôv: 108, Avmjvg mvbx iwPZ ÒkZ knx` eyw×RxexÓ 8. ÔAvb›` fyebÕ Gi 16 gvP©, Ô1997 msL¨vq ÔKzjvq Kvj‡¯ªvZÕ wefv‡M wk‡ivbvg Ôcyiv‡bv †mB w`‡bi K_vÕ 9. Avgvi Revbew›`; wbg©j †mb, BZ¨vw` MÖš’, †deªæqvwi 2012, c„ôv: 406 10| Ôwb‡LvuR bb, ¸wj‡Z wbnZ n‡qwQ‡jb Rwni ivqnvbÕ ˆ`wbK †fv‡ii KvMR, 1 †m‡Þ¤^i, 1999| AbymÜvbx cªwZ‡e`b: mvsevw`K RyjwdKvi Avjx gvwbK



wØZxq cwi‡”Q` wfwËnxb Z_¨, DcvËnxb AgxgvswmZ ÔmZ¨Õ wÎk jvL gZz¨i `vwe wek¦ wgwWqv hvPvB-evQvB QvovB cÖPvi K‡i‡Q| ÑDBwjqvg WªygÛ&, Ô`¨ MvwW©qvbÕ4 Õ73-Gi GwcÖ‡j gvwK©b †cÖwm‡W›U wiPvW© wb·b‡K †jLv wPwV‡Z †kL gywRe MYnZ¨vq Ôjÿ jÿ gvbyl cÖvY w`‡q‡QÕ g‡g© D‡jøL K‡iwQ‡jb; ÔwÎk jvLÕ msL¨v `vwe K‡ibwb|8



gyw³hy‡× ÔwÎk jvL kwn` n‡q‡QÕÑ GB `vwe wek¦evmx cÖ_g Rvb‡Z cv‡i 3 Rvbyqvwi 1972 mv‡j †mvwf‡qZ ivwkqvi KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i cwÎKv ÔcÖvf&`vÕ‡Z cÖKvwkZ GK msev` wbe‡Ü| `yÕw`b ci PÆMÖvg †_‡K cÖKvwkZ Ôˆ`wbK AvRvw`Õ‡Z ÔcÖvf&`vÕi GB msev` wbeÜwU evsjvq Qvcv nq| iæk fvlvq ÔcÖvf&`vÕi wbeÜwUi wk‡ivbvg wQjÑ ÔZviv GUv jyKv‡Z cv‡iwbÕ| †mB wbe‡Ü GK jvB‡b †jLv wQjÑ Ômsev`cÎ †_‡K cvIqv Z_¨ Abymv‡i wÎk jv‡Li †ewk gvbyl wbnZ, AvnZ, c½y I †MÖßvi n‡qwQj|Õ ÔcÖvf&`vÕi wbe‡ÜI wKš‘ wbn‡Zi msL¨v ÔwÎk jvLÕ



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wPÎ-K_b: GKvˇii MYnZ¨v wb‡q evsjv‡`‡k hZ Av‡eM Av‡Q ZZ Z_¨ DcvË †bB| gyw³hy‡×i MYnZ¨vi †Kv‡bv AvšÍR©vwZK ¯^xK…wZ †bB| AvšÍR©vwZK ¯^xK…wZi Rb¨ RvwZmsN Ges †b`vij¨vÛ‡mi †n‡M Aew¯’Z AvšÍR©vwZK wePvi Av`vj‡Z (AvBwm‡R) hvIqvi my‡hvM Av‡Q| Z‡e GB `vwe †Rviv‡jvfv‡e Zy‡j ai‡Z evsjv‡`k‡K h‡_ó cªvgvY¨ `wjj Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e| †mB `wjj evsjv‡`‡ki †Kv‡bv miKvi gyw³hy‡×i cÂvk eQ‡ii g‡a¨B ˆZwi Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| d‡Uv †µwWU: Avgvbyj nK/ `„K



ejv nqwb| wÎk jvL wbnZ nIqvi `vwewU †Kv‡bv k³ Z‡_¨i wfwËi Ic‡i `uvwo‡q wQj bv| ÔwÎk jv‡LÕi `vwe‡K †kL gywRe wb‡R mg_©b Kivq Ges Gi c‡ÿ †Rviv‡jvfv‡e Ae¯’vb †bqvq 1971-Gi MYnZ¨v wb‡q †Kv‡bv Z_¨vbymÜvb Am¤¢e n‡q I‡V| `vweK…Z msL¨vi †Kv‡bv wek¦vm‡hvM¨ DcvË bv _vKvq 1971-G gyw³hy‡× cvwK¯Ívwb evwnbx I Zv‡`i G‡`kxq †`vmi‡`i MYnZ¨v `ytLRbKfv‡e RvwZms‡Ni ¯^xK…wZ cvqwb|1 10 wW‡m¤^i 1971 ch©šÍ Ô¯^vaxb evsjv †eZviÕ †_‡K cÖPvwiZ Z‡_¨ gyw³hy‡× wbn‡Zi msL¨v wZb jvL e‡j D‡jøL Kiv n‡qwQj|2 AvšÍR©vwZK gn‡jI gyw³hy‡× wbnZ‡`i msL¨vi `vwe wb‡q bvbv cÖkœ ïiæ nq| cÖL¨vZ Av‡gwiKvb mvsevw`K I mvsevw`KZv wefv‡Mi Aa¨vcK DBwjqvg †R WªygÛ& Ôjm& G‡Äj&m& UvBg&m&Õ-G †j‡LbÑ Ôevsjv‡`‡k Avgvi AmsL¨ md‡ii AwfÁZvq Ges MÖv‡gi RbM‡Yi mv‡_ Avjv‡ci wfwˇZ Avwg ej‡Z cvwi, wÎk jvL nZ¨vi `vwe GZ wecyjfv‡e evwo‡q ejv †h, Zv Am¤¢e n‡Z eva¨|Õ DBwjqvg Wªyg‡Ûi GB wi‡cvU© 1972-Gi 6 Ryb ÔMvwW©qvbÕ-GI cÖKvwkZ nq| ¯^‡`k cÖZ¨veZ©‡bi `yB mßv‡ni gv_vq †kL gywRe gyw³hy× PjvKv‡j Rxeb I m¤ú‡`i ¶q¶wZ wbiƒc‡Yi Rb¨ 12 m`‡m¨i GKwU Z_¨vbymÜvb KwgwU MVb K‡ib| cywj‡ki †WcywU B݇c±i †Rbv‡ij Ave`yi iwng KwgwUi †Pqvig¨vb wQ‡jb| 29 Rvbyqvwi GB KwgwU MVb msµvšÍ †M‡RU †bvwUwd‡Kkb nq| 30 GwcÖj GB KwgwUi P~ovšÍ wi‡cvU© Rgv †`evi mgq †eu‡a †`qv nq|3 nZ¨vKv‡Ði Awf‡hvM Rgv †`qvi AvnŸv‡bi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z evsjv‡`k cywj‡ki B݇c±i †Rbv‡i‡ji Awd‡m cvwK¯Ívwb evwnbxi nv‡Z †gvU 2000 g„Zz¨i Awf‡hvM Rgv nq|4 GB Z`šÍ KwgwUi wi‡cvU© KL‡bv Av‡jvi gyL †`‡Lwb| wewfbœ m~Î †_‡K Rvbv hvq, GB Z`šÍ KwgwU 56,743 R‡bi g„Zz¨i wnmve K‡iwQj Ges GB wnmve c~‡e© †NvwlZ ÔwÎk jvLÕ-Gi PvB‡Z A¯^vfvweK Kg nIqvq GB wi‡cv‡U© DwjøwLZ msL¨v cÖavbgš¿x †kL gywReyi ingvb AvbyôvwbKfv‡e MÖnY K‡ibwb|5 ZLb †_‡KB gyw³hy‡× wbn‡Zi msL¨v evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnv‡m GKwU



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m~Î: 1. The Case for UN Recognition of Bangladesh Genocide; Shihab Sarkar, Published: 16 March 2017, Financial expres 2. Yahya Mirza, Interview with Mr. Abdul Muhaimin, The Tarokalok, 1 March, 1990; and Jauhuri, wÎk jv‡Li †Z‡jmgvwZ (The Riddle of Thirty Lakh), Avkv cÖKvkbx, 435 Elephant Road, Dhaka-1217, 1994 , page: 48. 3. cÖv¸³; Jauhuri, ibid , page: 65 4. The Missing Millions; William Drummond, The Guardian, London, 6 June 1972 5. Behind The Myth of Three Million; Dr. M. Abdul MuÕmin Chowdhury, Al-Hilal Publishers Ltd. London , 1996, page: 29 6. i¶xevwnbxi mZ¨ wg_¨v; Av‡bvqvi Dj Avjg, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, 2013, c„ôv: 21-22 7. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 23 8. wb·b‡K e½eÜzi evsjvq wPwV; cÖ_g Av‡jv, ïµevi, 21 †deªæqvwi 2020



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weavq A‡bK mwZ¨Kv‡ii `vjvj Nyl wKsev e¨w³MZ cwiP‡qi e‡`Šj‡Z AvB‡bi bvMvj Gwo‡q aiv-†Quvqvi evB‡i †_‡K hvq| G‡`i GKwU we‡kl Ask AvIqvgx jxM Kg©x‡`i mnvqZvq Mv-XvKv w`‡Z m¶g nq| d‡j GB AvB‡bi ev¯Íevqb cÖwµqvq Gi MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv wb‡q Rbg‡b Am‡šÍvl Ges m‡›`n `vbv †eu‡a I‡V| Z‡e `vjvj‡`i wePvi †h mnR n‡e bv, Zv W. Avwbmy¾vgv‡bi mv‡_ ZvRDÏxb Avng‡`i Avjv‡c †evSv hvq| hy×vcivax‡`i kvw¯Í cÖm‡½ ZvRDÏxb Avng` Zv‡K e‡jb: †Póvi ÎæwU n‡e bv, Z‡e KvRwU mnRI n‡e bv| wZwb e‡jb: gvwK©wb‡`i Pvc Av‡Q| Zviv cvwK¯Ívb‡K Pvc w`‡”Q †kL gywRe‡K †Q‡o w`‡Z, fviZ‡K Pvc w`‡”Q hy×ew›`‡`i †Q‡o w`‡q Dcgnv‡`‡ki cwiw¯’wZ ¯^vfvweK K‡i Zzj‡Z| GQvov hy×ew›`‡`i wePvi wel‡q †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb B”QzK bq, fviZI Drmvnx bq| G Ae¯’vq Kvi †Rv‡i Avcwb wePvi Ki‡eb? Avi g~j Acivax‡`i wePvi bv Ki‡Z cvi‡j Zv‡`i mv½cv½‡`i wePv‡ii cÖwµqv `ye©j n‡q †h‡Z eva¨|13 c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi mv‡eK gyL¨gš¿x AvZvDi ingvb Lvb e‡jb, RvwZ cybM©V‡bi g‡Zv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© `vwq‡Z¡i mgvavb bv K‡i miKvi mviv †`‡k `vjvj Ges KwíZ kÎæ‡`i weiæ‡× e¨e¯’v wb‡Z e¨¯Í n‡q‡Qb| g‡b n‡”Q, GUvB †hb miKv‡ii me‡P‡q cÖavb KZ©e¨| wZwb RvwZi Rb¨ Riæwi †mB gyn~‡Z© e„nËi RvZxq H‡K¨i Ici ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc K‡ib Ges gyw³hy‡×i we‡ivwaZvKvix ivRbxwZwe`‡`i cÖwZ mvaviY ¶gv †NvlYvi mycvwik K‡ib| wZwb `ytL K‡i e‡jb, 1971 mv‡ji Av‡M hviv †ec‡ivqvfv‡e evsjv‡`k Av‡›`vj‡bi we‡ivwaZv K‡iwQ‡jb Zv‡`i A‡b‡K miKv‡ii D”Pc‡` Avmxb n‡q‡Qb| A_P gyw³hy‡×i cÖwZ mg_©b _vKv m‡Ë¡I hviv cvKevwnbx‡K mg_©b `vb Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡qwQ‡jb, Zv‡`i A‡bK‡K †MÖßvi Kiv n‡q‡Q, A‡b‡K †`kZ¨v‡M eva¨ n‡q‡Qb| `ytL cÖKvk K‡i wZwb e‡jb, GB AvBb RvwZ‡K wØavwef³ K‡i †d‡j‡Q Ges GB AvB‡bi gva¨‡g wePvi GKwU cÖnm‡b cwiYZ n‡q‡Q|14 `vjvj‡`i KvQ †_‡K Avw_©K myweav jvf K‡i ivR‰bwZK †bZviv Lye mn‡RB Nyl I `yb©xwZ‡Z Avm³ n‡q c‡ob| GK ch©v‡q GB cwiw¯’wZ Ggb GK ¯Íi ch©šÍ DcbxZ nq †h, ag©cÖvY mij gymjgvb‡`iI GB cwiw¯’wZi Là‡i †d‡j nqivwb-cÖZviYv Kiv nq| d‡j cÖZ¨šÍ MÖvgv‡ji mvaviY gvby‡li g‡a¨ Ggb GKUv aviYv e×g~j n‡q c‡o †h, Ôwn›`y fvi‡ZiÕ



D¯‹vbx‡ZB G mg¯Í KvR Pvjv‡bv n‡”Q|15 2019 mv‡ji 14 wW‡m¤^i ¯^ivóª gš¿Yvj‡qi cyi‡bv bw_ ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i cÖ_g av‡c 10 nvRvi 789 Rb ivRvKv‡ii ZvwjKv cÖKvk K‡i AvIqvgx jxM miKv‡ii gyw³hy×welqK gš¿Yvjq| GB ZvwjKv gš¿Yvj‡qi I‡qemvB‡U Aegy³ Kiv nq| gyw³hy×welqK gš¿x Av K g †gvRv‡¤§j nK e‡jb, Ôhviv 71 mv‡j ivRvKvi, Avj&-e`i, Avj&-kvg&m& ev ¯^vaxbZvwe‡ivax wn‡m‡e cvwK¯Ívb miKvi KZ©…K wb‡qvMcÖvß n‡qwQ‡jb Ges †hme cyi‡bv bw_ ¯^ivóª gš¿Yvj‡q msiw¶Z wQj, †mUzKz cÖKvk Kiv n‡q‡Q|Õ16 GB ZvwjKvq we¯§qKifv‡e gyw³hy‡× msNwUZ gvbeZvwe‡ivax Aciv‡ai wePv‡ii j‡ÿ¨ MwVZ AvšÍR©vwZK Aciva UªvBey¨bv‡ji cÖavb †KuŠmywj †Mvjvg Avwid wUcyi bvg cÖKvwkZ nq| ewikv‡ji evsjv‡`k mgvRZvwš¿K `jÑ evm` †bZv Wv. gbxlv PµeË©xi evev I VvKzigvi (evevi gv) bvg ivRvKv‡ii ZvwjKvq AšÍfz©³ nq| Wv. gbxlv PµeË©x e‡jb, GKw`‡K Zvi evev A¨vW‡fv‡KU Zcb Kzgvi PµeË©xi bvg gyw³‡hv×v ZvwjKvi †M‡R‡U 4113 c„ôvq 112 b¤^‡i i‡q‡Q; Ab¨w`‡K bZzb cÖKvk Kiv ivRvKvi ZvwjKv‡ZI bvg D‡V‡Q Zvi| gbxlvi VvKzi`v (evevi evev) A¨vW‡fv‡KU myaxi Kzgvi PµeË©xi bvgI i‡q‡Q gyw³‡hv×v ZvwjKvq| wKš‘ myaxi Kzgv‡ii ¯¿x A_©vr gbxlvi VvKzigv (evevi gv) Dlv ivbx PµeË©xi bvg ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q ivRvKvi ZvwjKvq|17 ÔGB ZvwjKvq ivR‰bwZK cwiP‡q Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi m`m¨ wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q 52 Rb‡K| hw`I GB ZvwjKvq wKQz L¨vZbvgv Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx †bZvi bv‡gi cv‡k `jxq cwiPq †`qv wQj bv|Õ18



148 149



m~Î: 1. c~e©‡`k; 15 Rvbyqvwi 1972 2. ˆ`wbK evsjv; 13 Rvbyqvwi 1972 3. evsjv‡`k : †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi kvmbKvj; gI`y` Avng`, RMjyj Avjg Ab~w`Z, BDwcGj, †deªæqvwi 2016, c„ôv: 61 4. GKvˇii NvZK I `vjvjiv †K †Kv_vq; gyw³hy× †PZbv weKvk †K›`ª, W. Avng` kixd, KvRx byiæ¾vgvb, kvnwiqvi Kwei cÖgyL m¤úvw`Z, †deªæqvwi 1992, c„ôv: 17 5. ˆ`wbK evsjv; 30 GwcÖj 1972 6. evsjv‡`k : †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi kvmbKvj; gI`y` Avng`, RMjyj Avjg Ab~w`Z, BDwcGj, †deªæqvwi 2016, c„ôv: 61-62 7. evsjv‡`k : RvwZ MVbKv‡j GK A_©bxwZwe‡`i wKQz K_v; byiæj Bmjvg, w` BDwbfvwm©wU †cÖm wjwg‡UW, 2007, c„ôv: 109 8. gywR‡ei i³ jvj; Gg Avi AvLZvi gyKzj, Abb¨v cÖKvkbx, 2016, c„ôv: 122-123 9. evsjv‡`k : i‡³i FY; A¨vš’bx g¨vmKvb©nvm, Abyev`: †gvnv¤§` kvnRvnvb, nv°vbx cvewjkvm©, 1988, c„ôv: 33 10. GKvˇii NvZK I `vjvjiv †K †Kv_vq; gyw³hy× †PZbv weKvk †K›`ª, W. Avng` kixd, KvRx byiæ¾vgvb, kvnwiqvi Kwei cÖgyL m¤úvw`Z, †deªæqvwi 1992, c„ôv: 18-20 11. evsjv‡`‡ki ivRbxwZ 1972-1975; nvwjg `v` Lvb, AvMvgx cÖKvkbx, 2004, c„ôv: 73 12. `vjvj AvBb I Gi AvIZvq mvRv; Kv‡ji KÉ, 16 wW‡m¤^i 2010 13. gvbeZvwe‡ivax Aciv‡ai wePvi; gynv¤§` nvweeyi ingvb, cÖ_g Av‡jv, 15 wW‡m¤^i 2012 14. evsjv‡`k : †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi kvmbKvj; gI`y` Avng`, RMjyj Avjg Ab~w`Z, BDwcGj, †deªæqvwi 2016, c„ôv: 70-71 15. cÖ¸³, c„ôv: 72 16. cÖ_g Av‡jv; 15 wW‡m¤^i 2019 17. W‡q‡P †f‡j; 16 wW‡m¤^i 2019 18. ZvwjKvwU †`L‡Z wb‡Pi wKDAvi †KvWwU ¯‹¨vb Kiæb:



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Gw`‡K AvIqvgx jx‡Mi GgwcG, GgGbG I †bZv‡`i Lei †`qv nq, Zviv †hb Lye mKv‡j wmbnv †iv‡W P‡j Av‡mb| 100Uv Mvwo ˆZwi ivLv n‡jv; mviv ivZ Av‡qvRK‡`i †Pv‡L D‡ËRbvq Nyg †bB| mKvj n‡ZB KjKvZv †cÖmK¬ve Avi wmbnv †iv‡W R‡ov nIqv AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †bZv Avi mvsevw`K‡`i Rvbv‡bv n‡jv, AvR‡K ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii kc_ Abyôvb n‡e evsjv‡`‡ki gvwU‡Z| mK‡jB D‡ËwRZ GB Af~Zc~e© Lei †kvbvi ci| D‡ËRbv Avi Avb‡›` fvm‡Z fvm‡Z 17 GwcÖj †ejv GMv‡ivUvi g‡a¨B mevB ˆe`¨bv_Zjvq †cuŠ‡Q †M‡jb| Pvwiw`K †jv‡K-†jvKviY¨| †bZv‡`i ÔMvW© Ae AbviÕ †`qv n‡jv| ˆmq` bRiæj Bmjvg kc_ Abyôvb cwiPvjbv Ki‡jb| Aa¨vcK BDmyd Avjx me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© WKz‡g›U Ô¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYvcÎÕ cvV Ki‡jb: Avgiv †NvlYv Kijvg †Kb Avgv‡`i gyw³hy× ˆea Ges hy‡× wR‡Z Avgiv †Kgb ivóª MVb Ki‡ev|1



`yB gywRebMi miKvi ¯^vaxbZvi g~jgš¿ †NvlYv K‡iÑ mvg¨, gvbweK gh©v`v I mvgvwRK b¨vqwePvi ev Bbmvd| hy‡× wR‡Z GB wZb bxwZ ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ †mw`b A¯’vqx miKv‡ii gwš¿cwil‡`i m`m¨iv kc_ MÖnY K‡ib| A_P hyׇk‡l 1972-G msweavb iPbvi mgq g~jgš¿ wjwLZ nqÑ RvZxqZvev`, mgvRZš¿, MYZš¿ I ag©wbi‡c¶Zv| Avi †mB †_‡K ïiæ †mKz¨jvi (!) Ges ag©cÖvY gvby‡li cvi¯úwiK m‡›`n I we‡ivaÑ we‡f` Avi A‰b‡K¨i hvÎv| msweavb cÖYq‡bi ¯^xK…Z c×wZ n‡jv mivmwi RbM‡Yi †fv‡Ui gva¨‡g ïay msweavb cÖYq‡bi Rb¨B GKwU msweavb mfvi wbe©vPb| cvwK¯Ív‡b 1970 mv‡ji mvaviY wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g GKwU MYcwil` MwVZ n‡qwQj e‡U; Z‡e †mB MYcwil‡`i D‡Ïk¨ wQj cvwK¯Ív‡bi Rb¨ GKwU bZyb msweavb cÖYqb| †kL gywReyi ingvb wbe©vP‡bi Av‡M evi evi e‡jwQ‡jb †h, 6 `dv I 11 `dvi wfwˇZB bZzb msweavb iwPZ n‡e| 1971 mv‡ji bq gv‡mi me©vZ¥K cÖwZ‡iva msMÖv‡g jvL jvL gvby‡li Rxeb`vb, DØv¯‘ I wecbœ n‡q cov, AeY©bxq AgvbweK Ae¯’vi g‡a¨



emevm, ee©i wbh©vZb, ¯^Rb nviv‡bvi †e`bv, cÖwZ‡iv‡ai ¯úwa©Z mvnm, mewKQy wgwj‡q gvby‡li †PZbvi Avg~j cwieZ©b N‡U hvq| AwZ Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨ GB cwieZ©b GZ `ªæZMwZ‡Z Ges e¨vcKfv‡e N‡U †h, hy‡×i Av‡Mi gvbyl Avi hy×Kvjxb Ges hy×cieZ©x gvby‡li g‡a¨ †PZbvMZfv‡e cwiewZ©Z GK bZyb gvby‡li D‡b¥l N‡U| cvwK¯Ív‡bi bvMwiK hviv wQ‡jb civaxb, ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡k ¯^vaxb bvMwiK wn‡m‡eB Zv‡`i AvZ¥cÖKvk N‡U|2 ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki miKvi cvwK¯Ív‡bi MYcwil‡`i m`m¨‡`i w`‡qB bZzb msweavb cÖYq‡bi KvR ïiæ K‡i| evnvËi mv‡jB fvmvbx b¨vc cÖ_g †Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi Aax‡b AbywôZ cvwK¯Ív‡bi wbe©vP‡b c~Y© ¯^vqËkvm‡bi g¨v‡ÛU wb‡q weRqx e¨w³‡`i Øviv ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb cÖYq‡bi GLwZqvi wb‡q cÖkœ †Zv‡j|3 gIjvbv fvmvbx e‡jwQ‡jbÑ Ô†Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi 5 `dv kZ© †g‡b GB m`m¨iv wbe©vP‡b wM‡qwQ‡jb| †mB wbe©vP‡b cvwK¯Ív‡bi kvmbZš¿ cÖYq‡bi Rb¨ RvZxq cwil` Z_v MYcwil` wbe©vwPZ n‡qwQj, Zrmn wbe©vwPZ n‡qwQj cÖv‡`wkK cwil`| cvwK¯Ívb Kv‡qg _vKvKv‡j Ges evsjv‡`k cÖwZwôZ nIqvi ci GB `yB mg‡qi e¨eavb gvÎ bq gvm n‡jI ivR‰bwZK m‡PZbZv, Avkv-AvKv•ÿv I g~j¨‡ev‡ai w`K †_‡K RbMY A‡bK GwM‡q †M‡Q|Õ4 gIjvbv fvmvbx b¨v‡ci †K›`ªxq KwgwUi ewa©Z mfvq e‡jb, ÔeZ©gvb MYcwil‡` d¨vwm÷ Bqvwnqv miKv‡ii AvBbMZ KvVv‡gvi Aax‡b wbe©vwPZ m`m¨MY 6 `dv `vwe Av`v‡qi Rb¨ RbM‡Yi g¨v‡ÛU †c‡qwQj| myZivs †`‡ki eZ©gvb ivR‰bwZK `j¸wji mw¤§wjZ msMÖv‡g AwR©Z ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb iPbvq Zv‡`i †Kv‡bv AwaKvi †bB|Õ5 GQvov b¨v‡ci †gvRvd&di Avng` evnvˇii 21 wW‡m¤^i GK msev` m‡¤§j‡bi gva¨‡g me©`jxq AšÍe©Z©xKvjxb miKvi MVb I AšÍe©Z©xKvjxb msweavb MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ AvnŸvb Rvbvb| IB msev` m‡¤§j‡b wZwb ¸iæZi cÖkœwU DÌvcb K‡ib| wZwb e‡jbÑ ÔAv‡iKwU mvaviY wbe©vPb bv K‡i †`‡ki Rb¨ †Kv‡bv ¯’vqx msweavb MÖnY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i bv| KviY, ¯^vaxbZv hy×Kv‡j †`‡k GKUv ¸YMZ cwieZ©b mvab n‡q‡Q Ges GB cwiw¯’wZ‡Z †fvUvfywUi gva¨‡g RbM‡Yi gZvgZ hvPvB I we‡ePbv Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ Aci GKwU wbe©vPb Kiv Acwinvh©|Õ2 164 165



GgbwK QvÎjx‡Mi `yB cÖfvekvjx †bZv Av m g Ave`yi ie I kvnRvnvb wmivR ˆbwZKZvi cÖkœ DÌvcb K‡i e‡jb, cwil` m`‡m¨i kZKiv 90 RbB †hLv‡b ¯^vaxbZv msMÖv‡gi m‡½ hy³ bv †_‡K Avivg-Av‡q‡k Mv fvwm‡q w`‡q Ges bvbv ai‡bi AmvgvwRK Kv‡R wjß †_‡K ¯^vaxbZv hy× PjvKvjxb m¤ú~Y© mgqUzKz fvi‡Z ivR‰bwZKfv‡e wbwj©ß Rxebhvcb K‡i‡Qb, mk¯¿ msMÖv‡gi gva¨‡g AwR©Z GKwU ¯^vaxb I mve©‡fŠg †`‡ki kvmbZš¿ cÖYq‡bi AwaKvi †m me MYcwil` m`‡m¨i Av‡`Š Av‡Q e‡j †`kevmx g‡b K‡ib bv| Zviv Av‡iv GKwU ¸iæZi cÖkœ Zz‡j e‡jb, Ô50 R‡bi AwaK c¶Z¨vMx, `yb©xwZi `v‡q ewn®‹…Z I Abycw¯’Z MYcwil` m`‡m¨i AeZ©gv‡b A_©vr, evsjv‡`‡ki GK †KvwUiI †ewk †jv‡Ki cÖwZwbwaZ¡ QvovB MYcwil‡`i Awa‡ekb AbywôZ n‡Z hv‡”Q| GiKg GKwU Am¤ú~Y© msm` msweavb cÖYq‡bi AwaKvi iv‡L wK-bv|Õ6 hw`I m`¨ `vwqZ¡MÖnYKvix cÖavbgš¿x †kL gywReyi ingvb DwjøwLZ k~b¨ Avm‡b wkMwMiB Dcwbe©vPb AbywôZ nIqvi cÖwZkÖæwZ †`b, wKš‘ GB Dcwbe©vPb¸‡jv KL‡bv AbywôZ nqwb|



wZb †`‡k cÖZ¨veZ©‡bi ci 1972 mv‡ji 10 Rvbyqvwii †h ˆeV‡K ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki ivóªcwZ †kL gywReyi ingvb ivóªcwZ c×wZi miKvi †_‡K ÔcÖavbgš¿x kvwmZ miKviÕ cÖwZôvi AvKv•ÿv e¨³ K‡ib| IB ˆeV‡K wZwb Rvbvb, Ômsweavb cwil`Õ‡K AvBb cÖYqb wKsev gwš¿mfvi KvRKg© Z`viwKi †Kv‡bv ¶gZvB †`qv n‡e bv| †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi †`eZzj¨ RbwcÖqZvi gy‡L †KD Gi cÖwZev` Ki‡Z mvnm K‡ibwb; †Kej e¨vwi÷vi Avgxi-Dj-Bmjvg ÔAbwfÁZv‡nZzÕ AvcwË cÖKvk K‡ib Ges gywRe‡K †evSvevi †Póv K‡ib †h, A¯’vqx msweavb Av‡`‡k Lmov cÖYq‡bi Av‡MB wbe©vwPZ MYcÖwZwbwa‡`i wb‡q GKwU mfv Aek¨B AvnŸvb Kiv DwPZ| Avi AvBb cwil`‡K AvBb cÖYq‡bi ¶gZv bv †`qvUvI Pig AMYZvwš¿K n‡e| †kL gywReyi ingvb Zv‡K wZi¯‹vi K‡i _vwg‡q †`b GB e‡j †h, ÔZzwg GKRb AbwfÁ hyeK, Zzwg ivóª Ges cÖkvmb m¤ú‡K© Kx Ggb Ávb iv‡Lv?Õ7 ÔAvgxi-Dj-Bmjvg IB ˆeV‡K wb‡R‡K Ô÷zwcWÕ wn‡m‡e Avwe®‹vi Ki‡jb|



wPÎ-K_b: fvmvbx-gywRe; m‡šÍvl wcZv-cy‡Îi †¯œ‡ni e܇b Ave× evOjv Avi evOvwji `yB †bZvÑ gIjvbv Avãyj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx I †kL gywReyi ingvb| ¯’vbwU m¤¢eZ Uv½vB‡ji m‡šÍv‡l gIjvbv fvmvbx cÖwZwôZ weÁvb I cÖhyw³ wek¦we`¨vj‡q| GiB cÖv_wgK c‡e©i AeKvVv‡gv cwi`k©‡b G‡mwQ‡jb †mw`bKvi cÖavbgš¿x †kL gywRe, hv‡K fvmvbx cyÎer Ávb Ki‡Zb| Kv‡Q †c‡jB cy·¯œ‡n ey‡K Rwo‡q ai‡ZbÑ MYgvby‡li ¯^v‡_©, Zv‡`i `y`©kv jvN‡e m`v Zrci _vK‡Z, wb‡R‡K DrmM© Ki‡Z †cÖiYv †RvMv‡Zb| wKš‘ ivRbxwZi nxb ¯^v_©‡PZbv AK…wÎg †¯œn-ggZvi †mB gnvg~j¨ eÜb‡KI g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z e¨_© n‡qwQj| gIjvbv fvmvbx gywR‡ei ¯^v‡_©i AbyK~‡j Z¨vMx Fwl-`i‡e‡ki f~wgKvq AeZxY© n‡q‡Qb eûevi| wKš‘ fvmvbxi MYgyLx bxwZi Kvi‡Y ÿzä gywRe wb‡Ri MYwe‡ivax bxwZi c‡ÿ `uvwo‡q GB m‡šÍv‡lB Zuv‡K M„new›` K‡i †i‡L‡Qb| mvivRxeb fvmvbxi ivR‰bwZK mnvqZv-mg_©‡b µgk ivRbxwZi D”PZi Ges AMÖeZ©x KvZv‡i mgvmxb gywRe Zuvi ivóªÿgZv AuvK‡o _vKvi cÖ‡kœ wcZ„Zzj¨ fvmvbxi †Kv‡bv m`yc‡`k Avi gnr civgk© Avg‡j †bbwb| Avi Zvi g~j¨I Zuv‡K w`‡Z n‡qwQj AZ¨šÍ Pov `v‡g| d‡Uv †µwWU: ikx` ZvjKz`vi/`„K



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AvaywbK ivóª MV‡bi Ab¨Zg bxwZ n‡”Q Ab¨ RvwZ‡Mvôxi fvlv, ms¯‹…wZ I RvZxq cwiPq Ges bvMwiK AwaKvi ¯^xKvi Kiv| GB cÖej RvZ¨vwfgvb Ges evOvwj-mv¤úª`vwqKZv †Kej GB Aby‡”Q‡`B mxgve× †bB| GKw`‡K msweav‡b evsjv fvlv ivó«fvlv wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ, Ab¨w`‡K Ab¨ fvlvfvlx RvwZ‡Mvôxi †h AšÍZ gvZ…fvlvq wk¶v jv‡fi AwaKv‡ii †Kv‡bv ¯^xK…wZ †bB| gyw³hy‡× fvlvMZ I RvwZMZ wbcxo‡bi weiæ‡× G‡`‡ki RbMY Rxeb-giY msMÖvg Ki‡jv, evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi ci †mB GKB fvlvMZ I RvwZMZ wbcxob I eÂbv ïiæ Ki‡jv be¨ kvmK‡Mvôx Ges Gi nvwZqvi n‡jv Zv‡`i iwPZ msweavb| ivwóªq †Kv‡bv Pzw³, †nvK Zv RvZxq ev AvšÍR©vwZK, Zv m¤úv`‡bi c~‡e© ev c‡i RbM‡Yi †Kv‡bv gZvgZ MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ †Kv‡bvfv‡eB RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q ev Zvi cÖwZwbwai Kv‡Q Dc¯’vc‡bi †Kv‡bv e¨e¯’v iv‡Lwb| †m Rb¨ Õ72-Gi msweavb Abyhvqx †Zj-M¨vm-Kqjv ißvwb, Ab¨ †Kv‡bv iv‡óªi m‡½ †Kv‡bv cÖKvi Pzw³, †nvK Zv UªvbwRU ev Kwi‡Wvi, †Kv‡bv wKQyi Rb¨B Pyw³i Av‡M ev c‡i Zv †`kevmxi m‡½ Av‡jvPbvi mvsweavwbK eva¨evaKZv †bB| mKj ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Pyw³B m¤úvw`Z nq RbMY‡K AÜKv‡i †i‡L| GgbwK msm‡`I †mB Pyw³ wb‡q Av‡jvPbvi †Kvb eva¨evaKZv miKv‡ii †bB| †h wbe©vPbx GjvKv †_‡K msm` m`m¨iv wbe©vwPZ, †mB wbe©vPKiv hw` g‡b K‡ib Zv‡K Avi Zv‡`i cÖwZwbwa ivL‡eb bv, Zvn‡j IB RbM‡Yi nvZcv evuav, wKQyB Kivi †bB Zv‡`i| A_©vr, cÖwZwbwa cÖZ¨vnvi Kivi †Kv‡bv my‡hvMI msweav‡b †bB| gyw³hy‡×i g‡Zv Ggb GKUv gnr MYhy‡×i g‡a¨ w`‡q †hB †`‡ki D™¢e †mB gyw³hy‡×i QvcB 72 Gi msweav‡b †bB|2



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wPÎ-K_b: Aveyj nvmbvZ †gvnv¤§` (GGBPGg) Kvgviæ¾vgvb, RvZxq †bZv I evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g ¯^ivó«gš¿x Ges evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv msMÖv‡gi Ab¨Zg †bZv| evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy× PjvKvjxb mg‡q MwVZ A¯’vqx miKv‡i wZwb wQ‡jb, ¯^ivó«, K…wl Ges ÎvY I cybe©vmb gš¿Yvj‡qi `vwqZ¡cÖvß gš¿x| 3 b‡f¤^i 1975 mv‡j evsjv‡`k †K›`ªxq KvivMv‡i wbg©g nZ¨vi wkKvi nIqv RvZxq Pvi †bZvi wZwb GKRb| 1975 G ÔAgvbylÕ QvqvQwei gniZ Abyôv‡b ZrKvjxb wkígš¿x GGBPGg Kvgviæ¾vgvb, Qwei Awf‡bZv bvqK ivR iv¾vK I Ab¨vb¨ wkíxe„›`| d‡Uv †µwWU: msM„nxZ



e‡jwQ‡jb, Ô....evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ RvwZmËvi K_v ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| evsjv‡`‡ki †m me RvwZi K_v MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki GB Lmov msweav‡b †bB| wewfbœ RvwZmËvi K_v †h GLv‡b ¯^xK…Z nqwb †m K_v Avwg bv e‡j cviwQ bv|....cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg GKwU DcRvZxq GjvKv| GB GjvKvi †m me BwZnv‡mi K_v, AvB‡bi K_v GB msweav‡b †bB|....Õ2 Ôgvbbxq w¯úKvi mv‡ne, GB gnvb msm‡` `uvwo‡q AvR‡K Avwg Avcbvi gva¨‡g GKRb mij gvby‡li Awfe¨w³ cÖKvk KiwQ| Avgv‡`i GjvKvUv



174 175



GKwU DcRvwZ GjvKv| GLv‡b wewfbœ RvwZ emevm K‡i| GLv‡b PvKgv, wÎcyiv, jymvB, †evg, cvs‡Lv, Lywg, wmqvs Ges PvK GB iƒc †QvU †QvU `kwU DcRvwZ evm K‡i| GB gvby‡li K_v Avwg ejwQ| GB DcRvwZ gvbyl‡`i K_v weªwUk miKvi ¯^xKvi K‡i wb‡qwQj| cvwK¯Ív‡bi ˆ¯^ivPvix Mfb©‡g›U Avgv‡`i AwaKvi 1958 Ges 1962 mv‡ji msweav‡b ¯^xKvi K‡i wb‡qwQj| Rvwb bv AvR‡K †h MYZš¿ n‡Z hv‡”Q, mgvRZš¿ n‡Z hv‡”Q, ZLb †Kb Avcbviv Avgv‡`i K_v fz‡j hv‡”Qb|Õ2 msL¨vjNy RvwZi GB cÖwZwbwai AvKzwZ‡Z †mw`b KY©cvZ Kiv nqwb, eis bZyb iv‡óªi KY©avi Ab¨ mKj RvwZmËvi gvbyl‡K ÔevOvwjÕ n‡q hvevi civgk© w`‡qwQ‡jb| msL¨vjNy RvwZmËvi Ici GB RvwZMZ wbcxob Avi Acgv‡bi djvdj Avgiv cieZ©x mg‡q jÿ¨ Kwi AwaKvi Av`v‡qi Rb¨ cvnvwo RbM‡Yi mk¯¿ cÖwZ‡iva msMÖvg M‡o †Zvjvi †fZi w`‡q| ZrKvjxb b¨vc (†gv.) †bZv I c‡i AvIqvgx jxM †bZv myiwÄZ †mb¸ß msweav‡b ¯^v¶i K‡ibwb| wZwb Zvi evwK me `vwe †Q‡o w`‡q e‡jwQ‡jb, AšÍZ webvg~‡j¨ wk¶vi e¨e¯’v mvsweavwbKfv‡e wbwðZ Kiv †nvK| †mUzKzI Kiv nqwb IB ÔmgvRZvwš¿KÕ msweav‡b| evsjv‡`k bv‡gi ivóª cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ M„nxZ `wjjwU bwRiwenxb AMYZvwš¿K, A‰ea I A¯^”Q cÖwµqvi g‡a¨ w`‡q iwPZ I M„nxZ n‡jv| GB msweav‡b bvbv ai‡bi PUK`vi kãgvjv _vK‡jI mvgwMÖK wePv‡i Zv Amvi, cÖZviYvg~jK, ¯^we‡ivwaZvq ficyi| ïay ZvB bq, evsjv‡`k `xN© msMÖv‡gi Ges mk¯¿ gyw³hy‡×i g‡a¨ w`‡q weªwUk I cvwK¯Ívwb Jcwb‡ewkK kvmb †_‡K gyw³ jvf Ki‡jI gyw³hy‡×i †PZbv I AvKv•ÿvi †Kv‡bv cÖwZdjb N‡Uwb G‡Z| eis bZyb msweav‡b †mB Jcwb‡ewkK AvBbmg~n envj ivLv n‡q‡Q| d‡j GB msweavb GKwU ¯^vaxb †`‡ki RbM‡Yi AvkvAvKv•ÿvi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Ki‡jv bv| †`‡ki bvg evsjv‡`k n‡jI AvBb envj _vK‡jv weªwUk I cvwK¯Ívb Avg‡ji| Kvh©Z iv‡óªi Jcwb‡ewkK PwiÎB AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡jv|2 W. Kvgvj †nv‡m‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ 34 m`‡m¨i msweavb iPbv KwgwU MVb Kiv nq| evnvˇii 12 A‡±vei MYcwil‡` Lmov msweavb Dc¯’vcb Kiv nq| Gici 153wU Aby‡”Q` m¤^wjZ GB wejwU wb‡q wZb mßvne¨vcx Av‡jvPbv P‡j Ges 1972 mv‡ji 4 b‡f¤^i bZyb †`‡ki Rb¨ cÖYxZ msweavbwU M„nxZ nq|12



KwgwUi ˆeV‡K Wv. Kvgvj †nv‡m‡bi Bs‡iwR fvl¨ Ges Aa¨vcK Avwbmy¾vgv‡bi Abyev` MYcwil‡`i mwPevj‡qi gvidZ wewR †cÖm †_‡K gyw`ªZ n‡q Dc¯’vwcZ n‡Zv| ˆeV‡K A‡bK m`‡m¨i Dcw¯’wZi nvi A‡bK Kg wQj| gš¿x‡`i g‡a¨ L›`Kvi †gvkZvK Avn‡g` I GBPGg Kvgviæ¾vgvb Lye KgB Avm‡Zb| ˆmq` bRiæj Bmjvg I ZvRDÏxb Avng` Avm‡Zb gv‡S gv‡S| ZvRDÏxb †hw`b Avm‡Zb, †mw`b Av‡jvPbvq †hvM w`‡Zb mvMÖ‡n| †Kv‡bv KwgwU‡ZB me m`m¨ Ask †bb bv, GwUI Zvi e¨wZµg wQj bv|13 gIjvbv fvmvbx Awf‡hvM K‡ib, kvmbZ‡š¿i Lmov nevi ci RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q cÖKv‡ki Av‡M w`wjø cvVv‡bv n‡q‡Q| 1972-Gi Ryb gv‡m AvBbgš¿x Kvgvj †nv‡mb kvmbZ‡š¿i Lmov eMj`vev K‡i wejv‡Z hvevi bvg K‡i w`wjø‡Z hvb|14 mywbcyY n¯ÍwjwLZ msweav‡b †kL gywRe mB Ki‡jb 1972 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^‡ii gvSvgvwS|15 1972 mv‡ji 16 wW‡m¤^i bZyb msweavb Kvh©Kix nq| Z‡e 1973 mv‡ji 7 GwcÖj bZyb msm‡`i mfv AbywôZ nevi AvM ch©šÍ 210wU wbe©vnx AvBb cÖYqb Kiv nq †Kv‡bviKg Av‡jvPbv ev RbM‡Yi cÖwZwbwaZ¡Kvix ms¯’vi m‡½ civgk© ev ˆeVK QvovB| Gfv‡e bZyb msm‡`i Awa‡ekb emvi Av‡M ivóª Kvh©Z ÔivóªcwZi wbe©vnx Av‡`kÕe‡j cwiPvwjZ nq| 1973 mv‡ji 22 †m‡Þ¤^i Zvwi‡L gvÎ 9 gvm AwZµvšÍ nevi ci msweav‡bi 33 b¤^i Aby‡”Q` ms‡kvabxi Rb¨ wØZxq ms‡kvabx wej cvm Kiv nq Ges Riæwi AvB‡bi weavbmsewjZ GKwU bZyb Ask msweav‡b ms‡hvwRZ nq| fviZxq msweav‡bi 22 b¤^i Aby‡”Q‡`i AbyKi‡Y 33 b¤^i Aby‡”Q‡`i weKí wn‡m‡e wbeZ©bg~jK AvUKv‡`k msµvšÍ AvBb ms‡hvRb Kiv nq| wKš‘ fviZxq msweav‡b †hLv‡b AvUKv‡`‡ki †gqv` wZb †_‡K Qq gv‡m wbw`©ó Kiv n‡qwQj; †mLv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡b Dc‡`óv †evW© cÖ‡qvRb g‡b Ki‡j GB AvUKv‡`‡ki †gqv` Awbw`©óKvj ch©šÍ envj ivLvi my‡hvM K‡i †`qv nq|16 me©Kv‡j AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †jv‡Kiv GB cÖPviYv Ae¨vnZ †i‡L‡Q †h, GKwU Ôwecøex cÖwµqvÕi g‡a¨ w`‡q Zv‡`i miKv‡ii Afz¨`q N‡U‡Q Ges †mB cwi‡cÖw¶‡ZB msweavb cÖYqb Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ cÖK…Z Ae¯’v wQj 176 177



G‡Kev‡iB wfbœ| AvIqvgx jxM KL‡bvB wecøex `j wQj bv| †Kv‡bv we‡kl wecøex †cÖiYv wb‡q KL‡bvB Zviv DÏxwcZ, msMwVZ I AMÖmi nqwb| †m Kvi‡YB msweavb cÖYqb Ki‡Z wM‡q Zviv †h ¯^we‡ivwaZvi AvkÖq wb‡qwQj Zv `ªæZB D‡b¥vwPZ n‡q hvq|17 GB msweavb cÖYq‡bi `vwqZ¡ †cwUey‡R©vqv †kÖwY cvjb K‡iwQj, Zv‡`i †kÖwYMZ `ye©jZv Avi Aw¯’iZv w`‡qB msweav‡bi cÖavb ˆewk󨸇jv ˆZwi n‡qwQj|



m~Î: 1. gyw³hy‡×i ¯§„wZ; e¨vwi÷vi Avgxi-Dj-Bmjvg, KvMR cÖKvkbv, †deªæqvwi 1991, c„ôv: 4144 2. MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb (1972 Gi g~j msweavb); evsjv‡`‡ki kvmK‡kÖYx I msweavb weZK©, e`iæÏxb Dgi, ms¯‹…wZ cÖKvkbx, A‡±vei 2010; gyw³hy‡× RbM‡Yi AvKv•Lv Ges MYZvwš¿K msweavb cÖwZôvi jovB GKwU MYmsnwZ cwÎKv cÖKvkbv; Õ72 Gi msweavb Aa¨qb I ch©v‡jvPbv mnvqK K‡qKwU †bv‡Ui Lmov, G¨vW‡fv‡KU nvmbvZ KvBqyg, AcÖKvwkZ; msweavb I MYZš¿, dinv` gRnvi, AvMvgx cÖKvkbx, 2014; GB †idv‡iÝ †_‡K msKwjZ Z_¨ wb‡q Avjx gvndz‡Ri †jLv eøMwU co‡Z wb‡Pi GB wKDAvi †KvWwU ¯‹¨vb Kiæb:



3. Ômsweavb cÖYqb Ki‡e KvivÕ; mvßvwnK ÔnKK_vÕ, 17 gvP© 1972 4. ÔMYcwil‡`i AvBbx wfwË †Kv_vqÕ; mvßvwnK ÔnKK_vÕ, 14 RyjvB 1972 5. ˆ`wbK B‡ËdvK; 20 A‡±vei 1972 6. ˆ`wbK MYKÉ; 7 A‡±vei 1972 7. Making The Constitution of Bangladesh; Md. Abdul Halim, The CCB Foundation Book Centre, Page: 27 8. evsjv‡`‡ki kvmK‡kÖYx I msweavb weZK©; e`iæÏxb Dgi, ms¯‹…wZ, A‡±vei 2010 9. evsjv‡`k : †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi kvmbKvj; gI`y` Avng`, RMjyj Avjg Ab~w`Z, BDwcGj, †deªæqvwi 2016, c„ôv: 142 10. A Constitution for Perpetual Emergency; e`iæÏxb Dgi, 29 A‡±vei 1972 11. msweavb I MYZš¿; dinv` gRnvi, AvMvgx cÖKvkbx; 2014; c„ôv: 69-71 12. evsjv‡`k : †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi kvmbKvj; gI`y` Avng`, RMjyj Avjg Ab~w`Z, BDwcGj, †deªæqvwi 2016, c„ôv: 118 13. wecyjv c„w_ex; Avwbmy¾vgvb, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, 2015, c„ôv: 33 14. AvIqvgx jx‡Mi K_v I KvR Iqv`vf‡½i GK bwRi; gIjvbv Avãyj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx| 15. evsjv‡`k : i‡³i FY; A¨vš’bx g¨vmKvb©nvm, Abyev`: †gvnv¤§` kvnRvnvb, nv°vbx cvewjkvm©, 1988, c„ôv: 35 16. evsjv‡`k : †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi kvmbKvj; gI`y` Avng`, RMjyj Avjg Ab~w`Z, BDwcGj, †deªæqvwi 2016, c„ôv: 134 17. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 163



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wPÎ-K_b: 1975 mv‡ji 14 RyjvB †kL gywR‡ei †R¨ôcyÎ †kL Kvgv‡ji we‡q nq XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi QvÎx I e‡iY¨ G_&‡jwUK myjZvbv Avn‡g` LyKxi| GB we‡q‡Z be`¤úwZ A‡bK Dcnv‡ii cvkvcvwk GKwU †mvbvi gyKyU I GKwU †mvbvi †bŠKv cvq| †mvbvi gyKyU civ myjZvbv Avn‡g` Ii‡d myjZvbv Kvgv‡ji GB QweUv cwÎKvq cªKvwkZ n‡j RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ e¨vcK mgv‡jvPbvi Rb¥ †`q| gvÎ GKgvm `v¤úZ¨ Rxe‡bi c‡i nv‡Z †g‡n`xi `vM bv ïKv‡ZB myjZvbv Kvgvj cwiev‡ii mKj m`m¨‡`i mv‡_ avbgwÛi 32 b¤^‡i gg©vwšÍKfv‡e wbnZ nb|



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mgqg‡Zv mkix‡i Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb bv, A_©vr Dcw¯’Z _vK‡Z cv‡ibwb| fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi mgq wZwb wQ‡jb wfbœ gvgjvq dwi`cy‡i Kviviæ×| Õ69-Gi MY-Afz¨Ìv‡bi mgqI wQ‡jb Kvivew›`| Õ71-G wQ‡jb cvwK¯Ív‡b AšÍixY|5 GB Abycw¯’wZi Kvi‡Y gv‡Vi ivR‰bwZK ev¯ÍeZv Avi gvby‡li cÖZ¨vkv ey‡S IVvi †¶‡Î GKUv e¨envwiK mgm¨v †`Lv †`qvUv A¯^vfvweK bq| 1972 mv‡ji gvP© gvm †kl n‡q G‡m‡Q| XvKvq GK RgRgvU ¸Re Qwo‡q c‡o‡QÑ AwZwi³ Kv‡Ri Pv‡c gywRe Amy¯’| ZvB ¯^v¯’¨MZ Avi cÖkvmwbK cÖ‡qvR‡b gywRe cybivq ZvRDÏxb Avng`‡K cÖavbgš¿x wb‡qvM Ki‡Qb|6 ZvRDÏxb‡K G wel‡q mvsevw`Kiv wR‡Ám Ki‡j wZwb cwi®‹vifv‡e Rvbv‡jb †h, Ô†KD Avgvi Mjv KvUvi †Póv Ki‡Q|Õ G e¨vcv‡i †kL gywR‡ei cÖwZwµqvI Zxÿè wQj| wZwb ej‡jb, ÔZviv wK



182 183



g‡b K‡i †h, Avwg miKvi cwiPvjbvq A¶g?Õ my®úófv‡eB ¯^v_©v‡š^lx gn‡ji D‡Ïk¨cÖ‡Yvw`Z G ¸Re cÖZ¨vwkZ j¶¨ AR©b K‡iwQj| †kvbv hvq, G †_‡KB ZvRDÏxb‡K gywRe m‡›`‡ni †Pv‡L †`L‡Zb Ges Zv‡K mZK©Zvi m‡½ ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡Z ïiæ K‡ib|6



`yB gyw³hy‡×i c‡i cy‡iv cÖkvmb e¨e¯’v G‡Kev‡i †f‡O c‡owQj| AvIqvgx jx‡Mi GgwmG-†bZv-Kg©x-mg_©‡Kiv †ec‡ivqv jyUcvU Avi m¤ú` msMÖ‡ni cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq †b‡gwQ‡jb| †kL gywRe KL‡bv K‡Vvi, KL‡bv big n‡q GB `ytmn Ae¯’v †gvKvwejvi †Póv Ki‡jb| cÖ_‡gB wZwb K‡Vvi n‡q cwiw¯’wZ †gvKvwejvi †Póv K‡iwQ‡jb| 1972 mv‡ji 6 GwcÖj `yb©xwZ I †`kwe‡ivax ZrciZvi Kvi‡Y Zuvi `‡ji 16 Rb mvsm`‡K wZwb `j †_‡K ewn®‹vi K‡ib| 9 GwcÖj 7 Rb Ges 22 †m‡Þ¤^i Av‡iv 19 Rb mvsm`‡K wZwb ewn®‹vi K‡ib|7 ¯^vaxbZvi mydj †fv‡Mi `vwe wb‡q G‡jb AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †bZv-Kg©xiv| Zv‡`i fve Ggb †h, Zviv hy‡× Rqx n‡q G‡m‡Qb; myZivs wewRZ‡`i mewKQz‡ZB Zv‡`i AMÖvwaKvi| wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aa¨vcK hviv AvZ¥iÿvi Rb¨ fvi‡Z AvkÖq wb‡qwQ‡jb, Zviv mevB wb‡R‡`i cQ›`g‡Zv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi DcvPvh© ev Abyiƒc c` †e‡Q wb‡jb| wVK †Zgwbfv‡e ïay fviZ Ny‡i G‡m‡Qb †mB AwaKv‡i `yÕ‡Uv-wZb‡U c` Uc‡K G‡KKRb Dc‡i D‡V em‡jb| ÔkÎæm¤úwËÕ GB evnvbv w`‡q Mvwo, evwo, wd«R, †Uwjwfkb, `iRv, Rvbvjv jyU Kiv n‡jv| hviv GB `y®‹g© Ki‡jb Zv‡`i A‡b‡KB †ek cwiwPZ I cÖwZwôZ e¨w³Z¡| †MvUv †`k wbtk‡ã `yÕwU wkwe‡i fvM n‡q †Mj|8 ¯^vaxbZv AR©‡bi ci evsjv‡`‡ki mvgwMÖK wbqš¿Y AvIqvgx jx‡Mi nv‡Z P‡j hvq| G mgq gIjvbv fvmvbx Qvov †`‡k `„k¨Z †Kv‡bv we‡ivaxc‡¶i Aw¯ÍZ¡ wQj bv| GQvov wQj b¨vkbvj AvIqvgx cvwU© (†gvRvd&di) I evsjv‡`‡ki KwgDwb÷ cvwU© (wmwcwe) bv‡g Ab¨ `yÕwU ivR‰bwZK `j| b¨vc (†gv) Ges wmwcwe miKvi‡K mg_©b KiwQj| miKv‡ii Kv‡Q GB wZbwU `j wQj Ô†`k‡cÖwgKÕ|9



AvBb bv gvbvi †h ms¯‹…wZ Pvjy nq, Zv cÖkvm‡bi D”Pch©vq‡KI AvµvšÍ K‡i| GKevi Kgjvcyi †_‡K U½x ch©šÍ †i‡ji hvÎx‡`i wUwKU †PK K‡i kZvwaK wUwKUwenxb hvÎx‡K wPwýZ I AvUK Kiv nq| AevK nIqvi g‡Zv KvÐ, wUwKUwenxb hvÎx‡`i g‡a¨ GKRb wQ‡jb cywj‡ki †WcywU B݇c±i †Rbv‡ij, ZvI Avevi mcwiev‡i|10 cÖkvm‡bi D”P ¯Í‡i cQ›`gvwdK wb‡qvM ïiæ nq| G mgq cvewjK mvwf©m KwgkbI cQ›`gvwdK M‡o †Zvjv nq| 1972 mv‡ji †g gv‡m cÖ_g wcGmwm M‡o †Zvjvi mgq hv‡K †Pqvig¨vb wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM †`qv nq, †mB W. G wKD Gg eRjyj Kwig wQ‡jb g„wËKv weÁv‡bi GKRb wk¶K!11 ¸iæZ¡c~Y© GB c`wU‡Z XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi GB wk¶K‡K wb‡qvM †`qvi †ÿ‡Î GKgvÎ we‡eP¨ welq wQj, wZwb Ebmˇii MYAfz¨Ìv‡bi Ab¨Zg Qv·bZv †Zvdv‡qj Avn‡g‡`i wk¶K| Gw`‡K AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †bZviv mk¯¿ cÖnixmn †Nviv‡div Ki‡Zb| hv‡KZv‡K nZ¨vi ûgwK w`‡Zb, gviai Ki‡Zb| †mB mg‡qi wPd ûBc kvn& †gvqv‡¾g †nv‡mb Lye Me©f‡iB wj‡L‡Qb, Kxfv‡e mwPevj‡q GKRb mwPe‡K nZ¨vi fq †`wL‡q KvR Av`vq K‡iwQ‡jb, †mB Kvwnbx| wZwb †mB mwP‡ei Amnvq Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K© wj‡L‡QbÑÔ†m cvM‡ji g‡Zv GKevi wk¶vgš¿xi I GKevi Avgvi cv‡q co‡Z jvMj| evievi GKB K_v ejj, m¨vi Gev‡ii g‡Zv †Q‡o †`b| Avwg Avi †Kv‡bvw`b Avcbv‡`i K_vi Aeva¨ n‡ev bv|Õ12 D”Pc`¯’ miKvwi Kg©Pvix‡`i eva¨ Kivi GB ZwiKv e¨vcKfv‡e ÔRbwcÖqÕ n‡q DV‡jv| Av‡iK NUbvq wZwb †ivW&m& A¨vÛ nvBI‡q‡Ri wPd BwÄwbqvi‡K wZb Zjv †_‡K Qzu‡o †d‡j †`evi fq †`wL‡q KvR Av`vq K‡iwQ‡jb!13 wPd BwÄwbqvi DcvqvšÍi bv †`‡L †kL gywR‡ei Kv‡Q Gi myivnvi Rb¨ hvb Ges GB Ab¨vq I Rei`w¯Íg~jK AvPi‡Yi cÖwZKvi Pvb| D‡ëv †kL gywRe Zv‡K e‡jb, Ô†gvqv‡¾g bv n‡q Avwg n‡j Avcbv‡K m‡½ m‡½ wb‡P †d‡j w`Zvg| Avcwb †Kvb mvn‡m wPd ûB‡di K_v Agvb¨ K‡ib! hvb, †hfv‡e e‡j‡Q, †mfv‡e KvR Kiæb|Õ14 cÖavbgš¿xi Kv‡Q dvBj cvwV‡q w`‡q AwaKvsk †¶‡ÎB gš¿xiv wb‡R wm×všÍ †bqv †_‡K weiZ _vK‡Zb|15 †Kv‡bv wm×všÍ c‡i fzj cÖgvwYZ n‡j cÖavbgš¿x wei³ n‡ebÑGB Avk¼vq A_ev wb‡R‡`i †hvM¨Zvi cÖwZ Av¯’vi 184 185



wPÎ-K_b: 1974 mv‡j BivK mdiKv‡j eo cxi Avt Kv‡`i wRjvbxÕi gvRv‡i wRqviZ K‡ib †kL gywReyi ingvb| AvIqvgx jxM `vex K‡i †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi c~e©cyiæ‡liv BivK †_‡K Bmjvg ag© cÖPv‡ii Rb¨ evsjv‡`‡k G‡mwQ‡jb Ges GB es‡ki c~e©cyiæl †kL †evinvbywÏb `yBkÕ eQi Av‡M Bmjvg ag© cÖPv‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨ my`~i BivK †_‡K evsjvq G‡m Uzw½cvovq Avevm †M‡owQ‡jb| d‡Uv: msM„nxZ



Afv‡ei Kvi‡Y Zviv GB SzuwK wb‡Z PvB‡Zb bv|16 1972 mv‡ji gvSvgvwS mgq miKvi mv‡o wZb kÕ D”PZi cÖviw¤¢K c‡` (wmwfj mvwf©m) gyw³‡hv×v cÖv_©x‡`i g‡a¨ †_‡K wb‡qv‡Mi D‡`¨vM †bq| ejv n‡qwQj, GRb¨ cix¶v †bqv n‡e| wKš‘ G‡¶‡Î cÖ_vwm× †Kv‡bv cix¶v †bqv nqwb| †bqv n‡qwQj GKwU ZwoNwo †gŠwLK cixÿv| gyw³‡hv×v cÖv_©x‡`i g‡a¨ †_‡K Awdmvi‡`i G wb‡qvM Aek¨ mv‡o wZb kÕ‡Z mxwgZ _v‡Kwb| eis cÖvq †`o nvRvi Abyiƒc cÖv_©x‡K cÖkvmb,



cywjk, beMwVZ BÛvw÷ªqvj g¨v‡bR‡g›U mvwf©m (AvBGgGm) BZ¨vw`‡Z wb‡qvM †`qv nq| wk¶vMZ †hvM¨Zv I cÖv_©x‡`i m‡e©v”P eq‡mi †ÿ‡Î AfvweZ wkw_jZvi Kvi‡Y G cÖwµqvq AZ¨šÍ Amg cÖK…wZi cÖv_©x‡`i wb‡qvM jv‡fi my‡hvM N‡U| D‡jøL¨, B‡Zvc~‡e© wmwfj mvwf©‡m wb‡qv‡Mi †¶‡Î m‡e©v”P 25 eQi eqmx MÖ¨vRy‡qUMY my‡hvM †c‡Zb| Giƒc cÖv_©x Avevi mœvZK ch©v‡q Z…Zxq †kÖwYi wWwMÖi AwaKvix n‡q _vK‡j Zv cywl‡q †bqvi Rb¨ mœvZ‡KvËi ch©v‡q Zvi cÖ_g †kÖwY _vK‡Z n‡Zv| gva¨wgK ev D”P gva¨wgK ch©v‡q Z…Zxq wefvMcÖvß n‡j †Zv cÖkœB wQj bv| wKš‘ Gme wbqg DwjøwLZ wb‡qvM cÖwµqvq G‡Kev‡iB D‡cw¶Z nq| m‡e©v”P 35 eQi eqmx cÖv_©x‡K GB wb‡qv‡M my‡hvM †`qv nq| †mB mv‡_, MÖ¨vRy‡qU n‡jB n‡jv, †kÖwY ev wefv‡Mi wel‡q gv_v Nvgv‡bv n‡jv bv| d‡j G cÖwµqvq GgbI Awdmvi wmwfj mvwf©‡m cvIqv †Mj hviv GmGmwm, GBPGmwm I mœvZKÑ GB wZbwU cix¶v‡ZB e‡m‡Qb Ges G¸‡jvi cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡Z Z…Zxq wefvM ev †kÖwYi mvwU©wd‡KU AR©b Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb| weªwUk Avg‡ji †Zv cÖkœB I‡V bv, cvwK¯Ívb Avg‡jI G ai‡bi cÖkvmwbK Kg©aviv wQj AwPšÍbxq| Ggb me e¨e¯’v m~wPZ Kivi gva¨‡g †gavi ¸iæZ¡ A¯^xKviB Kiv n‡q‡Q| mg‡q mg‡q †gavi ¸iæZ¡ D”PwKZ Kivi ¯^ícÖvY `yÕ-GKwU †Póv Qvov G †`‡ki cÖkvmb‡K AwZ-mvaviY ch©v‡q bvwg‡q †djvi AšÍnxb cÖ‡Póvi m~Pbv wQj ¯^vaxbZvi ci m¤úvw`Z IB AwZ-h‡Zœi AwZ-Zvr¶wYK wb‡qvMKvÐ|17 L›`Kvi †gvkZvK GK mv¶vrKv‡i e‡jwQ‡jb, Avgv‡`i ivóª cwiPvjbvq †Kv‡bv AwfÁZv wQj bv| Avevi ¯^vaxb †`‡k wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y gš¿x‡`i nv‡Z m¤ú~Y© `vwqZ¡fvi b¨v¯Í bv nIqvq mvaviYfv‡e gš¿xiv ÔKv‡Ri gva¨‡g AwfÁZv mÂqÕ Kiv †_‡K ewÂZ n‡q‡Qb|15 †kL gywR‡ei cÖeYZv wQj mwPe‡`i m‡½ mivmwi †hvMv‡hvM i¶v Kiv| mwPe‡`i mivmwi wb‡`©kbv w`‡q wZwb `ªæZ djvdj I Kv‡Ri AMÖMwZ cÖZ¨vkv Ki‡Zb| Gme Kvi‡Y A‡bK †¶‡ÎB gš¿xiv wb‡R‡`i A‡bKUv `vwqZ¡wenxb I Revew`wnZv †_‡K gy³ e‡j g‡b Ki‡Zb| µgvš^‡q gš¿xivI wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi me `vq-`vwqZ¡ cÖavbgš¿xi Ici †Q‡o w`‡q Zvi Bkviv-Bw½‡Zi w`‡K †P‡q e‡m _vK‡Zb|16 †kL gywR‡ei mv‡_ cÖkvmwbK wel‡q KvR Kivi AwfÁZv m¤^‡Ü 186 187



wPÎ-K_b: ¯^vaxbZvi c‡i mviv c„w_exi AvMÖn wQ‡jv evsjv‡`k wb‡q| †kL gywR‡ei ¯^‡`k cÖZ¨veZ©‡bi c‡i UvBg g¨vMvwR‡bi cÖ”Q‡` ïayB †kL gywRe Avi evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvB cÖ”Q` Kvwnbx| Z‡e wKQyw`‡bi g‡a¨B bvbv Kvi‡Y GB AvšÍR©vwZK D”Qv‡m fvUv co‡Z _v‡K| d‡Uv: msM„nxZ



gyw³hy×Kv‡j fviZxq †mbvevwnbxi c~e©vÂjxq AwabvqK †j. †R. A‡iviv e‡jb, ÔcieZ©x mg‡q Avwg hLb Zvi m‡½ (gywRe) Av‡iv Nwbôfv‡e †gjv‡gkvi my‡hvM †cjvg, ZLb Avwg Dcjwä Kijvg †h, wZwb cÖkvmwbK wel‡q hZ bv `¶, RbMY‡K DØy× Ki‡Z, Zv‡`i‡K †¶wc‡q Zyj‡Z wZwb Zvi †P‡q A‡bK †ewk `¶ wQ‡jb| wZwb K_v e‡j †jvKRb‡K bvPv‡Z cvi‡Zb| wKš‘ cÖkvmb Pvjv‡bvi e¨vcv‡i wZwb †Zgb `¶ wQ‡jb bv|Õ18 m¤ú‡`i Afvebxq ¯^íZv Ges Af¨šÍixY I ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªvi Afv‡ei Kvi‡Y 1974 mv‡ji cÖ_g wZb gv‡m †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’vi AwZ `ªæZ Ges gvivZ¥K AebwZ N‡U| cvkvcvwk AvBbk„•Ljv cwiw¯’wZi AebwZI A_©bxwZ‡Z Lvivc cÖfve †d‡j| miKvi mvgvwRK I ivR‰bwZK wech©‡qi gy‡L c‡o|19 1973 mv‡ji 10 Ryb ˆ`wbK cwÎKvq GKwU fqven Lei Qvcv nq| MvBevÜv kni †_‡K `k gvBj `~ieZ©x gwngvMÄ GjvKv †_‡K AvMZ cuvP kZvwaK Aa©-Dj½ bvix wgwQj mnKv‡i kn‡ii cÖavb cÖavb iv¯Ív cÖ`wÿ‡Yi ci gnKzgv cÖkvm‡Ki evmfeb †NivI K‡i Kvc‡oi `vwe Rvbvq| GB GKB cÖwZ‡e`‡b `vwe Kiv nq †h, m`i _vbvi ZzjmxNvU GjvKvq R‰bKv kvïwo e¯¿vfv‡e RvgvB‡qi mvg‡b Ni †_‡K †eiæ‡Z bv †c‡i AvZ¥nZ¨v K‡i‡Qb| GgbB n‡qwQj e¯¿ msK‡U RR©wiZ evsjv‡`‡ki MÖvgxY mgv‡Ri wPÎ|20 †kL gywRe hLb hy‡Mvkøvwfqv md‡i wM‡qwQ‡jb, ZLb wZwb AvgjvZ‡š¿i f~wgKv wb‡q †cÖwm‡W›U gvk©vj wU‡Uvi m‡½ Avjvc K‡iwQ‡jb| GKwU bZyb ¯^vaxb ivóª‡K GKwU wfbœ Av_©-mvgvwRK `k©‡bi Ici wfwË K‡i M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡j GKRb †bZv‡K Kx mgm¨vq co‡Z nq, G wb‡q `yÕR‡bi g‡a¨ Av‡jvPbv n‡qwQj| cyi‡bv a¨vb-aviYv I wPšÍv-fvebvmg„× Kg©KZ©v‡`i 188 189



w`‡q GB KvRwU hy‡Mvkøvwfqvq Kxfv‡e n‡q‡Q, GUv Rvb‡Z †kL gywRe we‡kl D`MÖxe wQ‡jb|21 G e¨vcv‡i †kL gywRe‡K wU‡Uv Rvwb‡qwQ‡jb, Avgjv‡`i Aek¨B ivR‰bwZK †bZ…‡Z¡i AvKv•ÿv I gZev‡`i aviYvq Askx`vi n‡Z n‡e Ges Zv‡`i Aek¨B ivR‰bwZK †bZ…‡Z¡i cÖwZ AbyMZ _vK‡Z n‡e|21 wU‡Uv Me© K‡i †kL gywRe‡K e‡jwQ‡jb, wZwb hy‡Mvkøvwfqvq G‡m hv †`‡L‡Qb Zv‡Z wbðq eyS‡Z cvi‡Qb †h, IB HwZnvwmK wm×všÍ fzj wQj bv|22 †mB mgq miKv‡ii wewfbœ ch©v‡q †jvKRb wb‡qv‡Mi †¶‡Î cÖavbgš¿x I gš¿xiv e¨vcKfv‡e n¯Í‡¶c K‡ib, Ggb K_vevZ©v †jvKgy‡L cÖPwjZ wQj|22 cwiKíbv Kwgk‡bi Dc-cÖavb byiæj Bmjvg †kL Kvgvj‡K D”Pwk¶vi Rb¨ we‡`‡k cvwV‡q w`‡Z †kL gywRe‡K civgk© w`‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb e‡jwQ‡jb, G‡Z †m GB D‡ËRbvKi cwiw¯’wZ †_‡K `~‡i _vK‡Z Ges wb‡Ri fwel¨‡Zi e¨vcv‡i cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡Z cvi‡e| †kL gywRe Zvi cÖ¯Ív‡ei m‡½ GKgZ n‡jb; Z‡e G e¨vcv‡i wZwb Zuvi Avw_©K A¶gZvi K_vI Rvbv‡jb| `vZv ms¯’v I we‡`wk †emiKvwi `vZv‡`i m‡½ m¤ú‡K©i myev‡` byiæj Bmjvg e‡jwQ‡jb, Ôevsjv‡`‡k Zv‡`i wbqwgZ mvnvh¨ Kg©m~wPi evB‡i †Kv‡bv e„wËi e¨e¯’v Kiv hvq wK bv, Zv Avwg †Póv K‡i †`L‡Z cvwi? wZwb DËi w`‡jb, G cÖ¯Íve Zuvi Kv‡Q MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq| Kvgvj Ggwb‡Z †gavex QvÎ bq, Zvi Rb¨ e„wËi e¨e¯’v Ki‡j †mUv ¶gZvi Ace¨envi wKsev ¯^RbcÖxwZ e‡j MY¨ n‡e|23 †kL gywRe Zuvi gš¿x‡`i weiæ‡× `yb©xwZi Awf‡hvM I evRv‡i †h me Ô¸ReÕ wQj †m e¨vcv‡i AeMZ wQ‡jb|24 wKš‘ ivRbxwZi RwUj I wec`&msKzj mg‡q hviv Zuvi m‡½ wQ‡jb, †m me mnKg©xi weiæ‡× wZwb K‡Vvi e¨e¯’v wb‡Z wØavwš^Z wQ‡jb|24



wZb †`‡ki Af¨šÍixY AvBbk„•Ljv cwiw¯’wZi GZ wb`viæY AebwZ N‡UwQj †h, bvbv iKg wbeZ©bg~jK AvBb cÖYqb Ges Ôi¶xevwnbxÕi gva¨‡g wbh©vZb Pvwj‡qI Zvi `y`©gbxq MwZ †iva K‡i Ae¯’v AbyK~‡j wb‡q Avmv m¤¢e



wPÎ-K_b: 1972 mvj wKQy wkï wK‡kvi wLjMvuI †_‡K cv‡q †nu‡U †Kvb c~e© †hvMv‡hvM Qvov nvwRi nb cyi‡bv MYfe‡b, †mLv‡bB ZLb cÖavbgš¿xi Kvh©vjq| D‡Ïk¨ - Zvuiv cÖavbgš¿x e½eÜy †kL gywR‡ei mv‡_ †`Lv Ki‡eb Ges Zvui nv‡Z wKQy A_© Zy‡j †`‡eb †`‡ki Kv‡Ri Rb¨| gyw³hy‡×i cÖfv‡e ZLb wkï wK‡kv‡iivI †`‡ki Rb¨ KvR Ki‡Z D`MÖxe| Zvuiv GB A_© msMÖn Ki‡Z Pjw”PÎ msMÖn K‡i Zvi cÖ`k©bx K‡i‡Qb, wU‡KU wewµ K‡i‡Qb N‡i N‡i, LiP Kwg‡q hZUv m¤¢e Znwej ˆZwi K‡i‡Qb| GB wkï wK‡kvi `‡ji †bZ…Z¡ w`‡qwQ‡jb `kg †kÖYxi GK D`¨gx wK‡kvi (Qwe‡Z Pkgv cwiwnZ)| †mB wK‡kvi `j‡bZv n‡jb eZ©gvb mg‡qi A_©bxwZi Aa¨vcK Avby gynv¤§`| ¯^vaxbZvi c‡i QvÎ hyeK wkï wK‡kvi mevB bZyb †`k Movi DwÏcbvq UMeM K‡i dzUwQ‡jv| K…ZÁZv: wd‡ivR Avn‡g‡`i †dBmeyK cvZv| K¨vckb Avwgi †nv‡m‡bi †jLv|



nqwb| G mgq ivóªvqË LvZ¸‡jv Ae¨vnZ †jvKmv‡bi wkKvi n‡Z _v‡K Ges kÖwgK Am‡šÍv‡li d‡j wkí-KviLvbv¸‡jv‡Z Pj‡Z _v‡K wek„•Ljvi me©MÖvmx ivRZ¡| †`‡ki Lv‡`¨vrcv`b ZLbI wQj Pvwn`vi Zzjbvq A‡bK Kg| Z`ycwi Õ74-Gi me©MÖvmx `ywf©¶ RbM‡Yi g‡bvej bó K‡i †`q| Af¨šÍixY Ø›Ø I †Kv›`‡ji †Ri wn‡m‡e cÖvq cÖwZw`bB AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †bZvKg©xiv wbg©g nZ¨vKv‡Ði wkKvi n‡Z _v‡Kb| G‡Z we‡ivax ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jv kw³ mÂq Ki‡Z _v‡K Ges Rbg‡b miKviwe‡ivax Am‡šÍvlI µgk †e‡o DV‡Z _v‡K|25 Gw`‡K †gvUvgywUfv‡e GKwU †RvU wbi‡c¶ Ae¯’vb a‡i ivLvi e¨vcv‡i †kL gywR‡ei †Póv †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb‡K nZvk K‡i| cÖK…Zc‡¶ Zv‡`i 190 191



Kv‡Q GUv g‡b n‡q‡Q †h, evsjv‡`k ax‡i ax‡i cwðgv we‡k¦i m‡½ Nwbô m¤ú‡K©i w`‡K GwM‡q hv‡”Q|26 gymwjg †`k¸‡jvi m‡½ evsjv‡`‡ki m¤úK© †Rvi`v‡i I eo gymwjg Aay¨wlZ †`k wn‡m‡e Bmjvwg `ywbqvq evsjv‡`‡ki Kvh©Ki f~wgKvi Rb¨ †kL gywRe D‡`¨vM wb‡qwQ‡jb| Gi †cQ‡b ïay evsjv‡`‡ki AvšÍR©vwZK Ae¯’vb‡K †Rvi`vi Kivi D‡Ïk¨B KvR K‡iwb eis fvi‡Zi m‡½ Nwbô m¤ú‡K©i Kvi‡Y RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ †h fxwZ-k¼v KvR KiwQj, †mUv `~i KivI wQj Gi D‡Ïk¨| wKš‘ GB bxwZi wKQy AbvKvw•ÿZ cvk¦©cÖwZwµqvI wQj| evsjv‡`‡ki G ai‡bi D‡`¨vM fvi‡Zi Rb¨ A¯^w¯Íi KviY n‡q †`Lv w`‡qwQj|27 A‡bK mgq †kL gywR‡ei wb‡Ri wb‡`©kbvI Abym„Z n‡Zv bv| GB ai‡bi NUbv Zv‡K fxlY ÿzä Ki‡Zv| †mB mg‡qi GK D”Pc`¯’ miKvwi Kg©KZ©vi eY©bvq Ggb GKUv NUbv Rvbv hvq| gywRe wKQzw`b Av‡M †`qv Zuvi wb‡`©k cvwjZ bv nevi Kvi‡Y fxlY †i‡M wM‡q‡Qb| wZwb Zuvi mwPevj‡qi GKRb Kg©KZ©v‡K †W‡K NUbvi KviY Rvb‡Z PvB‡jb| IB Kg©KZ©v Zvui K¶ †_‡K †ewi‡q hvevi ci wZwb ej‡jb, GB me Awdmviiv nvdc¨v›U civ Ges K¨v›Ub‡g‡›Ui Bs‡iwR ejv PvjvK-PZzi K¨v‡Þb‡`i ûKzg Lye ZrciZvi m‡½ cvjb K‡i| ivRbxwZKiv mvaviY cvqRvgv-cvÄvwe c‡i, mvaviY evsjvq K_v e‡j, †KD †KD cvb wPevq| ZvB Zv‡`i K_v ïb‡Z ev Av‡`k cvjb Ki‡Z Zviv Drmvnx nq bv| Avgv‡`i RvqMvq K¨v‡Þbiv G‡j Zviv Lywk nq|27 ivóªvqË wkí cÖwZôvb¸‡jv miKv‡ii wbqš¿‡Y †bqvi ci Zv cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ Ggb GK`j wbe©vnxi nv‡Z †Q‡o †`qv nq, hv‡`i ÔmgvRZš¿Õ m¤ú‡K© aviYv Ges AvMÖn †Kv‡bvUvB wQj bv| G‡Z `yÕ-wZb `k‡K M‡o IVv G Rbc‡`i wkíwfZ, hvi g‡a¨ wQj Ab¨ A‡bK wKQzi cvkvcvwk 70wU cvUKj, 17wU wPwbKj, 72wU e¯¿Kj, 3wU KvMRKj GgbwK †Zj †kvabvMviI, †jvKmv‡b †jvKmv‡b RvZxq †evSvq cwiYZ nq Ges mivmwi Zv‡Z jvfevb nq K‡qKwU †`k| gywRe G‡¶‡Î gvivZ¥K fzj civg‡k©i wkKvi nb cwiKíbv Kwgk‡bi Zid †_‡K| ¯^vfvweKfv‡e Zv‡KB Gm‡ei Ae¨e¯’vcbvRwbZ `yb©v‡gi ivR‰bwZK `vqfvi eB‡Z n‡jI e¨w³MZ ch©v‡q Zvi AmnvqZ¡ dz‡U I‡V wb‡gœv³ Dw³‡Z: Ô...... hv‡K †hLv‡b emvB †m-B Pzwi K‡i| Ae¯’vcbœ N‡ii wkw¶Z †Q‡j‡`i



†e‡Q †e‡Q bvbv Kj-KviLvbvq cÖkvmK evbvjvg, `yÕw`b †h‡Z bv †h‡Z ZvivI Pzwi Ki‡Z ïiæ Ki‡jv| hv‡K cvB Zv‡KB ewjÑ ÔAvwg mr †jvK Lyu‡R †eovw”Q|Õ28 †QvU-eo mKj cwiZ¨³ m¤úwËi e¨e¯’vcK, cÖkvmK Ges †evW© m`m¨ wn‡m‡e XvjvIfv‡e `jxq †bZv-Kg©x‡`i A_ev ivR‰bwZK †bZv ev gš¿x‡`i c„ô‡cvlKZvcÖvß †jvK‡`i wb‡qvM Kiv nq| wewfbœ GjvKvi wewfbœ ai‡bi cÖwZôvb cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ cÖkvm‡Ki wbqš¿‡Y ¯’vbxq ivR‰bwZK †bZv-Kg©x A_ev Zv‡`i c„ô‡cvlKZvcÖv߇`i wb‡qvM Kiv n‡Z _v‡K| A‡bK wkí I evwYwR¨K cÖwZôv‡b AwfÁZv Ges KvwiMwi Ávbwenxb `jxq †bZv-Kg©x A_ev cÖwZôv‡bi Aat¯Íb Kg©Pvix‡`i e¨e¯’vcK wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM Kiv nq| Gfv‡e `xN©w`b hver cvwK¯Ívwb e¨emvqx A_ev Zv‡`i wek¦¯Í e¨e¯’vcK‡`i Øviv cwiPvwjZ eûmsL¨K cvUKj, e¯¿Kj Ges Av‡iv kZ kZ wkí cÖwZôvb KwZcq A`ÿ, AbwfÁ g¨v‡bRv‡ii KivqË nq| †Mvj‡hvM, `yb©xwZ, jyU n‡q `uvovq Gi Awbevh© dj| msNe× †PvivPvjvbx‡`i gva¨‡g wkí cÖwZôv‡bi `vwg hš¿cvwZ I KuvPvgvj †`‡ki evB‡i cvwV‡q †`qv nq, Drcv`b `ªæZ †b‡g Av‡m wb‡Pi w`‡K, †h‡Kv‡bv myweavRbK g~‡j¨ GB m¤úwË wewµ ev wewbgq Kiv n‡Z _v‡K| cÖwZôv‡bi bM` A_© ev Zvi bv‡g e¨vs‡K iwÿZ UvKv wnmvewenxbfv‡e P‡j Av‡m e¨w³we‡k‡li nv‡Z| d‡j AwP‡iB G ai‡bi AwaKvsk wkí cÖwZôvb `viæYfv‡e ÿwZMÖ¯Í nq, †m¸‡jv eÜ ev wewµ K‡i †`qv nq| GUv wQj GgbB GKwU †ÿÎ, †hLv‡b gš¿x, miKvwi Kg©KZ©v, Ô†lvok evwnbxÕi m`m¨ hv-B †nvb bv †Kb, Zv‡`i g‡a¨ †`k‡cÖ‡gi wQ‡U‡duvUvI wQj wK-bv m‡›`n; Zv‡`i AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb, mg_©K Ges c„ô‡cvlKZvcÖv߇`i K_v †Zv ejvB evûj¨|29 1972 mv‡j miKvwi Kg©KZ©v‡`i †eZ‡bi wmwjs Kwg‡q †`qv n‡j G e¨vcv‡i Zviv †Zgb †Kv‡bv Am‡šÍvl ev †¶vf cÖKvk K‡iwb| GUv ejv gykwKj †h, GB NUbv Zv‡`i wPšÍvwenxb Av‡`k cvjb, bvwK AvZ¥Z¨vM wQj|30



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Gw`‡K †kL gywR‡ei NwbôRbiv cÖf~Z m¤ú‡`i gvwjK n‡q hvb| wewb‡qvMwenxb e¨emvwqK Askx`vwi‡Z¡ †kL Kvgvj †ek GwM‡q wQ‡jb| gywR‡ei †QvU fvB eûmsL¨K evR© I Ab¨vb¨ †bŠhv‡bi gva¨‡g cÖf~Z A‡_©i AwaKvix n‡q †M‡jb|31 †kL gywR‡ei fv‡Mœ †kL gwY 1970 mv‡j 275 UvKv †eZ‡b mvsevw`K wn‡m‡e †ckvMZ Rxeb ïiæ K‡ib| wKš‘ Õ72 mv‡ji g‡a¨B wZwb gwZwS‡j Ôevsjvi evYx febÕmn A‡bK UvKv-cqmvi gvwjK n‡qwQ‡jb| hyejx‡Mi cÖavb wn‡m‡e Zvi ivR‰bwZK ¶gZvI Zz‡½ D‡VwQj| Av‡iK fv‡Mœ †kL knx`yj Bmjvg gvÎ 25 eQi eq‡m AvIqvgx QvÎjx‡Mi cÖavb wn‡m‡e evKkv‡ji gš¿x ch©v‡qi 15 R‡bi g‡a¨ GKRb g‡bvbxZ nb| †kL gywR‡ei fwMœcwZ Ave`yi ie †miwbqvevZ wb‡R Ô`yb©xwZgy³ e‡j mybvg AR©bÕ Ki‡jI, gš¿x nIqvi g‡Zv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ivRbxwZK wQ‡jb bv| wZwbI gš¿x n‡qwQ‡jb| Ab¨ GK fwMœcwZ ˆmq` †nv‡mb Õ71 mv‡j †mKkb Awdmvi wn‡m‡e cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b KvR KiwQ‡jb| Õ72 mv‡j †`‡k wd‡i wZb eQ‡ii g‡a¨ AwZwi³ mwPe n‡qwQ‡jb| GKgvÎ fvB †kL bv‡mi †kL gywR‡ei bvg fvwO‡q wZb-Pvi eQ‡ii g‡a¨ weivU abx n‡qwQ‡jb|32 ïay miKvi`jxq †jv‡KivB bq, †kL gywR‡ei eo †Q‡j †kL KvgvjI `ywe©bxZ AvPiY Ki‡Zb| XvKvi gv‡V AvevnbxÕi m‡½ Ab¨ GKwU wU‡gi †Ljv Pj‡Q| Avevnbx wRZ‡e| GwM‡qI Av‡Q| wkÿv I ms¯‹…wZ gš¿x BDmyd Avjx, wPd ûBc kvn& †gvqv‡¾g †nv‡mb I †kL Kvgvj GKm‡½ e‡m ev`vg Lvw”Q‡jb Ges †Ljv †`LwQ‡jb| ga¨gv‡V Avevnbxi GK †L‡jvqvo dvDj Ki‡jv| †idvwi bbx emvK, cvwK¯Ív‡bi L¨vZbvgv wPÎbvwqKv keb‡gi evev, †Ljv cwiPvjbv KiwQ‡jb| Avevnbxi wec‡ÿ dvDj w`‡jb| wKKI n‡q †Mj| GB dvDj aiv wVK, bv †ewVK ejv hv‡e bv| wKš‘ †Ljvi Zv‡Z †Kv‡bv jvf-ÿwZ n‡jv bv| †kL Kvgvj M‡R© DV‡jb: †`L‡jb, e¨vUv Kxfv‡e Ab¨vq dvDj w`‡jv! mevB Pzc K‡iB iB‡jv| †Ljv †kl n‡jv| gš¿x I †kL gywR‡ei cy·K †`‡L gvV †_‡K Zv‡`i w`‡KB bbx emvK D‡V G‡jb| wZwb nvwmgy‡L mevi mv‡_ nvZ wgjv‡Z GwM‡q G‡jb| K_v †bB, evZ©v †bB, †kL Kvgvj bbx emvK‡K cÖPÐ GK Nywl †g‡i †d‡j w`‡jb| Zvi gyL †_‡K i³ Si‡Z jvM‡jv| †kL Kvgvj ivMZ ¯^‡i ZLb



wPÎ-K_b: 1973 mv‡ji 11 b‡f¤^i †mvnivIqv`©x D`¨v‡b QvÎ BDwbq‡bi PZy`©k RvZxq m‡¤§j‡b †kL gwY I wf‡qZbv‡gi GK cÖwZwbwa| GB m‡¤§jb D‡Øvab K‡iwQ‡jb †kL gywReyi ingvb| d‡Uv †µwWU: †Mvjvg ingv‡bi †dBmeyK †cv÷ †_‡K msM„nxZ, mv‡eK wPd Bbdi‡gkb Kwgkbvi, evsjv‡`k miKvi|



wPrKvi K‡i ej‡QbÑ Ôe¨vUv me mgq GgbB K‡i, Avevnbxi weiæ‡× euvwk evRvq| Zv‡K AvR DwPZ wkÿv w`‡q Qvo‡ev|Õ33 †kL gwYI Zvi AcQ‡›`i Kg©KZ©v‡`i kv‡q¯Ív Kivi Rb¨ †kL gywRe‡K w`‡q Zv‡`i PvKwiPz¨Z Ki‡Zb| GKw`b wPd ûBc kvn& †gvqv‡¾g †nv‡m‡bi Dcw¯’wZ‡Z †kL gwY nšÍ`šÍ n‡q †kL gywR‡ei wjwfs iæ‡g cÖ‡ek Ki‡jb| †kL gywRe ZLb †cvkvK ciwQ‡jb| ej‡jb: gvgv, K‡qKRb Awdmvi †ewk †e‡o †M‡Q, Zv‡`i kv‡q¯Ív Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| wZwb †Kv‡bv cÖkœ bv K‡i ev wKQz Rvb‡Z bv †P‡q wbwe©KviwP‡Ë ej‡jb, bvg¸‡jv Avgvi Awd‡m cvwV‡q w`m| Kviv †e‡o †Mj, wK Zv‡`i Aciva, gwYi m‡½ Zv‡`i m¤ú„³Zv KxÑ †Kv‡bv cÖkœB wZwb Ki‡jb bv! ciw`b mKv‡j Le‡ii KvM‡R G‡jv K‡qKR‡bi PvKwi †bB| wcI bvBb-G Zv‡`i‡K eiLv¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| wk‡ívbœqb ms¯’vi A_© cwiPvjK,



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wPÎ-K_b: e½fe‡b Abyôvb e½fe‡b GKwU ivóªxq Abyôv‡b †hvM`vbKvix wewkó e¨w³‡`i m‡½ Drdzjøfv‡e Kzkj wewbgq Ki‡Qb cÖavbgš¿x †kL gywReyi ingvb| Qwe‡Z mvg‡bi mvwi‡Z Ab¨‡`i g‡a¨ †`Lv hv‡”Q †LvKv ivq‡K| gywRe nvZ †gjv‡”Qb evgcwš’ ivRbxwZK gyRvwn`yj Bmjvg †mwj‡gi m‡½| cv‡kB nvZ †gjvevi Rb¨ nvZ evwo‡q cÖ¯‘Z I Db¥yL n‡q Av‡Qb †kL gywR‡eiB fv‡Mœ QvÎjxM †bZv †kL knx`yj Bmjvg| evgcwš’ Ges Av‡iv bvbvcwš’ GB me AbyMÖnfvRb myü` Avi ¯^RbivI wK Zuv‡K P~ovšÍ cZ‡bi c‡_ GwM‡q wb‡q hvbwb? d‡Uv †µwWU: ikx` ZvjKz`vi/`„K



weµgcy‡ii KvRx †ivgvb DÏxb mv‡n‡eiI PvKwi †bB| Rvbv †Mj, gwY †Kv‡bv Ab¨vq Aby‡iva Ki‡j wZwb Zv A¯^xKvi Kivq Av‡iv K‡qKR‡bi m‡½ ZviI GB kvw¯Í n‡jv| Z`šÍ n‡jv bv| Aciv‡ai Kvh©KiY wKQzB we‡kølY Kiv n‡jv bv| Awdmvi‡`i AZx‡Zi †iKW© cixÿv Kiv n‡jv bvÑGgbwK Zv‡`i‡K AvZ¥cÿ mg_©b Kivi my‡hvM ev KviY `k©v‡bvi mgqI †`qv n‡jv bv|34 †kL dRjyj nK gwY GKwU †køvMvb RbwcÖq K‡i †Zvjvi †Póv K‡ib, ÔgywR‡ei kvmb PvB, AvB‡bi kvmb bqÕ| wZwb Ôevsjvi evYxÕ‡Z †j‡Lb:35 evsjv‡`‡ki gvbyl gywR‡ei kvmb Pvq, ÔAvB‡bi kvmbÕ bq| c¶všÍ‡i Avgxi, Igivn, bv‡qe, †gvmv‡ne, Avgjv, †cqv`vi `j, hv‡`i‡K Avgiv mv‡ewK Avg‡ji †m‡µUvwi‡q‡Ui `vjvbevwoi mv‡_ dvwb©Pvi, e¨wfPv‡ii g‡ZvB DËivwaKvi m~‡Î †c‡qwQ, Zviv evqbv a‡i‡Qb ÔAvB‡bi kvmbÕ `vI| c¶ `yÕ‡Uv| GK c¶ Avgv‡`i mv‡_ eivei wQj| Zviv RbZvÑ



wPÎ-K_b: KY©dzjx b`xi †gvnbvq Wzwe‡q †`qv cvwK¯Ívwb RvnvR| GB RvnvR Avi Wy‡ev gvBb Acmvi‡Yi Rb¨B †mvwf‡qZ †bŠ evwnbx PÆMÖv‡g Av‡m| d‡Uv: msM„nxZ



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wPÎ-K_b: ev †_‡K cÖ_g †mvwf‡qZ ivóª`~Z G dwgb I evsjv‡`‡ki †hvMv‡hvMgš¿x gbmyi Avjx PÆMÖv‡g mvwie× †mvwf‡qZ bvweK‡`i mv‡_| 1972 mv‡ji 24 Rvbyqvwi evsjv‡`k I †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi g‡a¨ K~U‰bwZK m¤úK© ¯’vwcZ nq| †deªæqvwi 1972-G †kL gywReyi ingvb †mvwf‡qZ miKv‡ii Kv‡Q mn‡hvwMZv †P‡q evZ©v cvVvb Ges gvP© 1972 mv‡j †kL gywRe g‡¯‹v mdi K‡ib| GB md‡ii cÖv°v‡j wZwb PÆMÖvg e›`‡ii cÖ‡ekØv‡i KY©dzjx b`xi †gvnbvq gvBb AcmviY I Wz‡e hvIqv RvnvR Acmvi‡Y †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi mn‡hvwMZv Pvb| †mvwf‡qZ miKvi Aby‡iv‡a mvov w`‡q 1972 mv‡ji 2 GwcÖj cÖ_g †mvwf‡qZ RvnvR PÆMÖvg e›`‡i cvVvq| e›`‡ii Ae¯’v wQj AZ¨šÍ †kvPbxq| KY©dzjx b`xi Zj‡`‡k 40wUiI †ewk RvnvR Wz‡ewQj| 18wU †RwUi g‡a¨ 12wUB wQj aŸsmcÖvß| 2 GwcÖj 1972 †_‡K GKUvbv 24 Ryb 1974 ch©šÍ P‡j †mvwf‡qZ †bŠevwnbxi GB Awfhvb| evsjv‡`‡k Avmv 800 †mvwf‡qZ †bŠ‡mbvi g‡a¨ GKRb Qvov mK‡jB Zv‡`i `vwqZ¡ cvjb †k‡l †`‡k wd‡i wM‡q‡Qb| 13 RyjvB 1973 mv‡j `vwqZ¡iZ Ae¯’vq we‡õvi‡Y g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib BDwi wfKUiwfP †iWwKb| Zvi gi‡`n mgvwnZ Kiv nq evsjv‡`k †bfvj GKv‡Wwg, c‡Z½vq; hv eZ©gv‡b †iWwKb c‡q›U bv‡g cwiwPZ|



d‡Uv: msM„nxZ



Kvgvi, Kygvi, ZuvZx, gR`yi, K…lK| Ab¨ c¶ Ôgyw³Õi f‡q wfiwg †L‡q ÔjvkN‡iÕ wM‡q Xz‡K‡Q| wecø‡ei c‡i Avgiv Zv‡`i‡K gvjN‡i G‡b ewm‡qwQ| evsjv‡`k ÔAvB‡bi kvmbÕ †g‡b Pj‡e wK-bv, cÖ_g `‡ji †mR‡b¨ gv_v e¨v_v †bB| KviY, Zviv †Kv‡bvw`b ÔAvBbÕ †g‡b G‡Mvqwb| gywRe‡K †g‡b P‡jwQj| Av‡›`vj‡b, msMÖv‡g, `ytmn-`yw`©‡b, AvKv‡k, evZv‡m, cvwb‡Z, B_v‡i RbRvMi‡Yi cøveb NwU‡q Zviv AvB‡bi †KZve cywo‡q w`‡qwQj| RbZvi GB Z~h©aŸwbi `y›`ywf wbbv` evsjvi nvU-evRvi, bMi-e›`i, c‡_gv‡V Kuvcywb aiv‡jI AvBbgvbv †jvK¸‡jvi Kz¤¢K‡Y©i Nyg fv‡Owb A‡bK w`b| Õ71-Gi gv‡P©i Amn‡hv‡M Zviv Awd‡m hvqwb GB Kvi‡Y †h, RbZvi cøveb †cwi‡q †mLv‡b hvIqv m¤¢e wQj bv| Bmjvgvev‡`i n¨vwi‡K‡bi †Zj ZLb dzwi‡q G‡m‡Q| gywR‡ei wb‡`©‡k evsjv‡`‡k gkvj R¡j‡Q| A_©vr



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wPÎ-K_b: 1973 mv‡ji 11 wW‡m¤^i ZrKvjxb miKvi cÖMwZkxj K…lK Av‡›`vj‡bi (evsjv‡`k mvg¨ev`x `j Gg.Gj) ivRkvnx †Rjvi Zv‡bvi _vbvi 44 wecøex knx` †bZvKg©x‡K wbg©gfv‡e wbh©vZ‡b nZ¨v K‡i i¶x evwnbx| Zv‡bv‡ii K…lK‡`i wb‡q Zviv AvIqvgx `ytkvmb I gRyZ`vi‡`i weiæ‡× Av‡›`vjb M‡o Zy‡jwQ‡jv| Avi GB cÖwZev‡`i †Ri a‡iB nZfvM¨ 44 wecøex knx` †bZvKg©x‡K nZ¨v K‡i iv‡Zi Avuav‡iB _vbvi †Mvjøvcvov evRv‡i MYKei †`qv n‡qwQj| hLb Zv‡`i MbKei †`qv nq ZLb nZfvM¨‡`i A‡b‡KB RxweZ wQ‡jv| iv‡Zi Avuav‡i hv‡`i MYKei †`qv n‡qwQj, Zviv n‡jb Giv` Avjx, Gg`v`yj nK g›Uz gv÷vi, nRiZ Avjx, gwni DwÏb, Ave`yj gwR`, †LvKv gÛj, gwbiæ¾vgvb, Kg‡iW Ave`yj ReŸvi gv÷vi, Kg‡iW I‡qR Kvgvjmn 44 exi wecøex †bZvKg©x| c‡i IB knx`‡`I ¯§„wZ Agi K‡i ivL‡Z Zv‡bvi _vbvi †Mvjøvcvov evRv‡ii



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Af¨šÍixY we‡iva I `ye©jZvi Kvi‡YB cwiw¯’wZi †gvKvwejv Kiv AvIqvgx jxM miKv‡ii c‡¶ m¤¢e nw”Qj bv|36 †¶Îwe‡k‡l Aciva wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ i¶xevwnbx I mgqvšÍ‡i †mbvevwnbx‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡bv n‡jI Zv‡`i mg¯Í D‡`¨vM e¨_© n‡q‡Q| KviY, eû‡¶‡ÎB AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †bZv, Kg©x I mg_©Kiv Aciv‡ai m‡½ RwoZ _vKvq Zv‡`i weiæ‡× AvB‡b Av‡ivwcZ kvw¯Í Kvh©Ki Kiv hvqwb| cÖvqB †`Lv †M‡Q †h, ¶gZvmxb ivR‰bwZK `‡ji Aby‡iv‡aB †mbvevwnbx cÖZ¨vnvi Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q Ges i¶xevwnbx me mgqB `jxq f~wgKv MÖnY K‡i AvIqvgx jxMvi‡`i weiæ‡× Kvh©Ki e¨e¯’v MÖnY †_‡K weiZ †_‡K‡Q|37 Aciva wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ †mbv I i¶xevwnbx †gvZvq‡bi e¨e¯’v AvIqvgx jxMvi‡`i KL‡bvB ¯úk© K‡iwb Ges Zv cÖfvekvjx †Kv‡bv e¨w³i †KkvMÖ ¯úk© K‡i‡Q e‡jI †kvbv hvqwb| eis †`Lv †M‡Q, ivR‰bwZK Avkxe©v`wenxb, wbiciva, `wi`ª I `ye©j gvby‡li IciB GB e¨e¯’v evi evi LoMn¯Í n‡q‡Q|37 AvBbk„•Ljv cwiw¯’wZ Ges MY‰bwZKZvi Ggb AatcZb N‡U †h, 1973Gi 21 †deªæqvwii ga¨iv‡Z hLb mK‡j knx` wgbv‡i mg‡eZ n‡q fvlv kwn`‡`i kÖ×v Rvbvw”Q‡jb ZLb D”Q…•Lj Ziæ‡Yiv gwnjv‡`i Ici evievi nvgjv Pvjvq| `yÕRb ZiæYx‡K knx` wgbv‡ii cv`‡`k †_‡K nvBR¨vK K‡i al©Y Kivi ci Aa©‡PZb Ae¯’vq nvmcvZv‡j wb‡q Av‡m| †mw`b QzwU _vKvq 23 †deªæqvwi‡Z B‡Ëdv‡K cÖ_g c„ôvq †h wi‡cvU© nq Zv‡Z †jLv wQjÑ ÔGKz‡k †deªæqvwi, Ô73 mvj| †h kÖ×v, †h c~Z-cweÎ Abyf~wZ, gb jBqv ivRavbxi Avevje„×ewYZv knx` wgbv‡i †mB w`b mg‡eZ nBqvwQj, GK †kÖYxi D”Q…sLj Ziæ‡Yi RNb¨ Kvh©Kjvc ïay †mB gb‡K fvivµvšÍB K‡i bvB, knx` wgbv‡ii cweÎ †e`x‡K, Agi GKz‡ki cyY¨gq ¯§„wZ w`em‡K gwmwjß Kwiqv‡Q| †g‡q‡`i Ici evievi nvgjv nBqv‡Q, A‡bK gwnjvi wbivcËv, m¤£g I B¾Z webó nBqv‡Q, `yBwU ZiæYx‡K knx` wgbv‡ii cv`‡`k nB‡Z ÔnvBR¨vKÕ Kwiqv jvwÃZ Kivi ci Aa©‡PZb Ae¯’vq nvmcvZv‡j jBqv hvIqv nBqv‡Q| mvgwMÖK Ae¯’v`„‡ó evi evi mK‡ji gb‡K bvov w`qv‡Q GKwUgvÎ cÖkœÑ AvBb-k„sLjv, mf¨Zv, kvjxbZv †hLv‡b GK‡kÖYxi Ziæ‡Yi gywói g‡a¨, †hLv‡b knx` wgbv‡ii cweÎ



cv`cx‡V ¯§„wZ Zc©‡Yi cwie‡Z© †bvsivwg P‡j †mLv‡b knx` w`em cvj‡bi mv_©KZv †Kv_vq| GB w`e‡mi cweÎZv‡K GK †kÖYxi cïi, KziæwPm¤úbœ Ziæ‡Yi Ab‡j wbwÿß nB‡Z w`qv gnvb GKzk‡K AcgvwbZ Kivi g‡a¨ wK †hŠw³KZv _vwK‡Z cv‡i|Õ38 †mB NUbvi †Kv‡bv Z`šÍ nqwb| KviY, hviv GUv NwU‡qwQj †mB ZiæY‡`i weiæ‡× cÖKv‡k¨ wKQz ej‡j wRf †K‡U †bqvi ûgwK †`qv n‡jv| †m mg‡qi mvßvwnK ÔwewPÎvÕ 1973 mv‡ji Av‡jvwPZ PwiÎ wn‡m‡e ÔAvZZvqxÕ‡K wbe©vPb K‡i| Zviv GB AvZZvqx wb‡q wj‡LwQjÑ ÔAvZZvqx GgbB GK PwiÎ †h, Zv Avgv‡`i mK‡ji †Pbv; Pjgvb Rxe‡b hv‡K Avgiv jvjb KiwQ A_P Luy‡R †ei Ki‡Z cvwi bv|Õ 1973 mv‡ji 5 RyjvB msm‡` ¯^ivóªgš¿x Rvwb‡qwQ‡jbÑ †MvUv †`‡k ¸ß nZ¨vi wkKvi 2035 Rb| MZ Qq gv‡m 60wU _vbvq nvgjv n‡q‡Q| AwaKvsk †ÿ‡ÎB _vbv¸‡jv jyU n‡q‡Q| Gi m‡½ e¨vsK †_‡K jyU n‡q‡Q 49 jvL UvKv|39 †kL gywRe Aciv‡ai kvw¯Í cÖ`v‡bi †¶‡Î K‡Vvi n‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| wKš‘ eû †¶‡ÎB ivR‰bwZK Z`&wei wKsev AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb‡`i cÖfv‡e Acivaxi Rb¨ ch©vß kvw¯Í weavb m¤¢e n‡q I‡Vwb| GgbwK †PvivPvjvb †iva I †eAvBwb A¯¿ D×v‡ii Rb¨ †mbvevwnbx Zje K‡iI mnmvB wbR `‡ji †bZv‡`i Pv‡c wZwb Zv cÖZ¨vnvi Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡qwQ‡jb|40 †kL gywR‡ei fv‡Mœ †kL dRjyj nK gwYi m‡½ wmwcweÕi Nwbô †hvMv‡hvM wQj Ges gvgvi Ici fv‡Mœi cÖfve wQj Acwimxg| †kL gywRe †h‡nZz ivR‰bwZK wPšÍvavivi †P‡qI e¨w³MZ m¤ú‡K©i Ici AwaKZi ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb Ki‡Zb, †m‡nZy †kL gwYi Ici wmwcweÕi Av¯’v wQj we‡klfv‡e Zvrch©c~Y©| BwZc~‡e© wmwcwe ZvRDÏx‡bi Ici we‡klfv‡e wbf©i K‡i G‡jI cieZ©xKv‡j Zv‡`i `„wó †kL gwYi IciB MfxiZifv‡e wbe× nq|40 mvgwqK wKQz gvb-Awfgvb, wZ³Zv, ev`vbyev` Ges †Kv›`j Qvov b¨vc (†gv) I wmwcwe AvIqvgx jx‡Mi c¶ KL‡bv Z¨vM K‡iwb|41 †mB mgq †mvwf‡qZ ivó«`~Z G dwgb cwiKíbv Kwgk‡b G‡m e‡jwQ‡jb; Ô†kL gywRe LyeB `qvjy I `ye©j, cÖ‡qvRbxq wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y `ye©jZvq †fv‡Mb|Õ Zvi g‡Z, †kL gwYB wQ‡jb †mB e¨w³ hvi †bZ…‡Z¡i ¸Y †hgb Av‡Q, †Zgb Av‡Q K‡Vvi I wØavnxbfv‡e wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi ¶gZv| Zv‡`i civgk© wQj, †kL gwY‡K iv‡óªi wØZxq e¨w³ wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ Kiv|42 202 203



gywR‡ei fv‡Mœ †kL gwY gvwK©b †cÖwm‡W›U †Rivì †dvW©‡K wPwV wj‡LwQ‡jb †h, Zvi gvgv gywRe Zv‡K nZ¨v Ki‡Z Pvb| Z‡e wVK Kx Kvi‡Y †kL gwYi GB g„Zz¨fq ïiæ n‡qwQj, †mUv Aek¨ Rvbv hvqwb|43 ¯^vaxbZvi K‡qK eQ‡ii g‡a¨B †`kevmxi DËz½ Avkv-AvKv•ÿvq fvUv co‡Z _v‡K| ¯^vaxbZv Zv‡`i g‡b †h cÖvPz‡h©i RvqMv ˆZwi K‡iwQj Zv wg_¨v n‡q hvq| 1975-Gi GwcÖ‡j wf‡qZbvg hy× †kl nevi c‡i Avb›`wgwQj n‡”Q XvKvq| cvk w`‡q †h‡Z †h‡Z GKRb wiK&kvIqvjv Rvb‡Z PvB‡Q Av‡ivnxi Kv‡QÑÔKx nB‡Q wf‡qZbv‡g?Õ : Ôwf‡qZbvg ¯^vaxb n‡q‡Q|Õ : Ô¯^vaxb nB‡Q?Ñ ZvB‡j mvi‡Q|Õ44 1973-1975-Gi g‡a¨ †kL gwY AšÍZ wZb evi g‡¯‹v mdi K‡ib| wZwb `ªæZ †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi w`‡K SzuKwQ‡jb| GB †SuvK Av‡iv e„w× cvq ZvRDÏx‡bi we`v‡qi ci| g‡¯‹v mdiKv‡j †kL gwY‡K we‡kl gh©v`v †`qv nq| †µgwj‡bi c¶ †_‡K Zvi e¨vcv‡i we‡kl AvMÖnI †`Lv‡bv nq|45 †mvwf‡qZ ivóª`~‡Zi wPšÍv I g~j¨vqb Ges †kL gwYi m‡½ wmwcweÕi we‡kl m¤úK© GKB myZvq euvav wQj e‡j Abygvb K‡i wb‡Z Kó nq bv| †kL gwY mwnsm ivRbxwZi c‡ÿ wQ‡jb| wZwb GK mvÿvrKv‡i e‡jwQ‡jb, cÖ‡qvRb n‡j wZwb ivRbxwZ‡Z mwnsmZvq wek¦vmx| Z‡e wZwb GUvI e‡jwQ‡jb, Ô†mB fv‡qv‡j‡Ýi wfwË n‡e MYZvwš¿KZvÕ| ÔMYZvwš¿K mwnsmZviÕ A_© Kx n‡Z cv‡i Zv wZwb KL‡bv Ly‡j e‡jbwb|46



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204 205



1974 mv‡j Uv½vBj kni †_‡K gvÎ c‡b‡iv gvBj `~‡i KvwjnvZx _vbvi ivgcyi I KzKivBj MÖvg `yÕwU cywjk gvwU‡Z wgwk‡q †`q| MÖvgevmxi g‡Z, WvKvZ I `y¯‹…ZKvix‡`i MÖvgevmx avIqv I wcUzwb w`‡j GKRb wbnZ nq| †mB wbnZ e¨w³‡K GKRb cywjk m`m¨ wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Kiv nq| Gi cÖwZ‡kva wb‡ZB cywjk GB MÖvg¸‡jv‡Z nvgjv Pvjvq| Nievwo f¯§xf~Z I jyUcvU Ges bvix-cyiæl I e„×-hyev wbwe©‡k‡l MÖvgevmx‡K AeY©bxq wbh©vZb K‡i cywjk| Uv½vB‡ji GB Kvwnbx miKvwi KvM‡R ¸iæZ¡mn Qvcv nqwb, †eZv‡i-†Uwjwfk‡b Pvcv †`qv n‡qwQj| NUbvi GK mßvn ci Ave`yj Mvd&dvi †PŠayix GB `yB MÖv‡g hvb| wd‡i G‡m wZwb Ôˆ`wbK Rbc`Õ-G Dc-m¤úv`Kxq‡Z †j‡Lb: Ò... Avgiv cÖ_‡g XzKjvg KzKivBj MÖv‡g| GKbRi †`‡LB g‡b n‡jv, GKUv eb¨ nvwZ †hb mviv MÖvgUv‡K jÐfÐ K‡i †i‡L †M‡Q| Avi eb¨ nvwZi †mB ZvÐe †_‡K †KD i¶v cvqwb| GgbwK `y»‡cvl¨ wkï, bvix Ges AeyS RxeRš‘I bq| GKUvi ci GKUv Av¸‡b †cvov evwo| wUb¸‡jv gyL _ye‡o c‡o Av‡Q| Pvj, Wvj, KjvB, wZwm, Zuv‡Zi myZv, myZvi iO f¯§xf~Z| †h evwo¸‡jv Av¸b †_‡K i¶v †c‡q‡Q, Zv wbg©gfv‡e jywÉZ| †g‡q‡`i kixi †_‡K ch©šÍ †mvbv Avi iƒcvi Mqbv wQwb‡q †bqv n‡q‡Q| Miæ cy‡o‡Q, nuvm-gyiwM-QvMj cy‡o QvB n‡q‡Q; Zvi K¼vj Pvwiw`‡K Qwo‡q i‡q‡Q| hviv me nvwi‡q me©¯^všÍ n‡q‡Q, Zv‡`i mw¤^Z GL‡bv †d‡iwb| Avgv‡`i †`‡L GK`j me©nviv bi-bvix mg¯^‡i †Ku‡` DV‡jv| j¾v fz‡j gv‡qi eqmx K‡qKRb gwnjv G‡m Avgvi cv Rwo‡q ai‡jv| Zv‡`i Kv‡iv Kv‡iv †`‡n wbg©g cÖnv‡ii wPý| Zv‡`i Kvbœvq Avjøvni Avik †Ku‡c I‡V, Rvwb bv gvby‡li Mw` †Ku‡c I‡V wK-bv| Kvi K_v wjL‡ev? kÕ‡q kÕ‡q cwievi me©¯^všÍ n‡q‡Q| AmsL¨ evwoNi, †`vKvb, ZuvZ f¯§xf~Z n‡q‡Q| Ggb n‡q‡Q †h, eû cwiev‡ii AvR gv_v †MuvRvi VuvB †bB| GKgy‡Vv Lvevi msMÖ‡ni ms¯’vb †bB| gvby‡li g‡a¨ cï cÖe„wË GZUv gv_vPuvov w`‡Z cv‡i, Zv Avgvi Rvbv wQj bv| AZ¨vPvixiv MÖvgevmxi Ici AZ¨vPvi Pvwj‡q, Zv‡`i me©¯^ jyU K‡i mš‘ó nqwb, MÖvg `yÕ‡Uvi cÖ‡Z¨KwU Bu`vivq, cÖ‡Z¨KwU cyKz‡i †c‡Uªvj Avi †K‡ivwmb wQwU‡q cvbxqRj cv‡bi Abychy³ K‡i †i‡L G‡m‡Q| †PŠÏ eQ‡ii GKwU †Q‡jÑ mviv Mv‡q gv‡ii `vM, GK e`bv cvwb B`viv †_‡K Zz‡j G‡b Avgv‡K w`‡jv| ej‡jvÑ ÔGKUz gy‡L w`‡q †`Lyb|Õ gy‡L w`‡Z n‡jv bv, bv‡Ki



Kv‡Q wb‡ZB †`wL, †K‡ivwm‡bi DrKU MÜ| `», jywÉZ, weaŸ¯Í MÖvgwU‡Z Kvbœvq †f‡Ocov bvix-cyiæ‡li cvk KvwU‡q nuvUwQjvg Avi fvewQjvg wZb eQi Av‡Mi K_v| ... Avwg Kuv`‡Z fz‡j †MwQ| wKš‘ KzKivB‡ji mvZ mšÍv‡bi gv AvwQqv LvZzb, e„×v Kwigy‡bœmv Avi Ave`yj nvwj‡gi †g‡q mv‡niv LvZzb‡K †`‡L Avgvi †Pv‡L cvwb G‡m wM‡qwQj| AZ¨vPvixiv G‡Kev‡i cï bv n‡j †g‡qgvby‡li Mv‡q Ggbfv‡e nvZ Zzj‡Z cv‡i bv| Kwigy‡bœmvi gv_v dvUv‡bv| mv‡niv LvZzb hyeZx| Zvi me©v‡½ †ivjv‡ii cÖnvi Ges bLivNv‡Zi wPý| AvwQqv LvZz‡bi wcV dz‡j †Xvj n‡q Av‡Q| g‡bvqviv bv‡g GK †g‡qi Ae¯’v †`‡L Avwg iv‡M-†¶v‡f AÜ n‡q wM‡qwQjvg| ...KzKivBj MÖv‡g Ggb GKRb gvbyl †bB, hvi evwo jyU nqwb| Wv³vi †gvnv¤§` wbRvg Dwχbi evwo‡Z Xz‡K Zvi me `yg©~j¨ Wv³vwi hš¿cvwZ ch©šÍ bó Kiv n‡q‡Q| N‡ii LvU-cvj¼, †jc-†Zvl‡K Av¸b †`qv n‡q‡Q| eøvW‡cÖmvi gvcvi GKUv Avb‡Kviv bZzb hš¿ †`wL †f‡O eviv›`vq †d‡j ivLv n‡q‡Q| cv‡ki evwo †_‡K jyU Kiv n‡q‡Q †iwWI| cyi‡bv Avg‡ji GKUv MÖv‡gv‡dvb hš¿ AvQ‡o †f‡O †djv n‡q‡Q| `yÕnv‡Z jyUcvU Kiv n‡q‡Q ivgcyi I KzKivBj MÖvg| jy‡Uiviv Miæi Mvwo †evSvB K‡i jvL jvL UvKvi jy‡Ui gvj wb‡q †M‡Q| hv wb‡Z cv‡iwb, Zv cywo‡q QvB K‡i w`‡q †M‡Q| ivgcy‡ii Bw`ªm wgqv h‡_ó gvb¨MY¨ †jvK| Zvi evwo‡Z wU‡bi Ni †PŠÏwU| ZuvZ 35wU| †Mvjvq 35 gY avb| †XuwK‡Z †Qu‡U †Zvjv n‡q‡Q 15 gY Pvj| ZvQvov mwilv, KjvB wQj| N‡i wQj Zuv‡Zi Kvc‡oi K‡qK kÕ cvDÛ iO| hvi cÖwZ cvD‡Ûi `vg †`o nvRvi UvKv| Bw`ªm Avjx wKQz †jLvcov Rv‡bb| ZvB kL K‡i Zvi ZuvZwk‡íi bvg K‡i‡Qb Ô†`keÜz n¨vÛjygÕ| GB n¨vÛjy‡gi 35wU ZuvZB GLb weaŸ¯Í| ... †h `yÕGKUv †eu‡P †M‡Q Zvi m~Zv wQu‡o †`qv n‡q‡Q| 14wU eo wU‡bi NiB f¯§xf~Z| 35 gY avb, 15 gY Pvj, mwilv-KjvB, K‡qK kÕ cvDÛ iO me †kl| ivgcy‡ii AvwRRyi ingv‡bi Ae¯’v Av‡iv †kvPbxq| 32 eQ‡ii hyeK| MÖv‡gi me‡P‡q eo ZuvZx| 80 nvRvi UvKvi Zuv‡Zi Kvco I m~Zv wQj Zvi N‡i| me jywÉZ| Zvi I Zvi fvB‡qi hyeZx †eŠ‡qi ci‡bi Kvco Qvov N‡i Avi wKQy †bB| AvwRRyi ingv‡bi weaŸ¯Í Ni †_‡K hLb †eiæw”Q, ZLb ïwb †g‡qK‡É D‰”Pt¯^‡i †iv`b| DVv‡b bv bvg‡ZB cv‡qi Ici AvQvo †L‡q co‡jb 206 207



GKwU †g‡q| bvg mLxbv| Aí eq‡m weaev n‡q‡Qb| GKwU ZuvZ Pvwj‡q †KvbiK‡g w`b Pvjvb| †mB ZuvZwU aŸsm Kiv n‡q‡Q| mLxbvi GLb wRÁvmvÑ wZwb Kxfv‡e w`b ¸Rivb Ki‡eb?



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mvgvb¨ e¨e¯’v Ki‡ZB-ev Kvc©Y¨ †Kb? G `yÕ‡Uv e¨e¯’v Ki‡jB †Zv me j¨vVv Py‡K hvq| Zv bv K‡i we‡`wk kvmK‡`i g‡Zv cÖfzmyjf g‡bvfve I AeÁv cÖ`k©b Ges †mB m‡½ ÔAvgiv hv K‡iwQ wVKB K‡iwQÕ ai‡bi AvPvi-AvPiY †Kb? ... hw` Z`‡šÍ †`Lv †hZ, WvKvZ I `y¯‹…wZKvix Avm‡j cywj‡ki g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q, Zvn‡j Zv‡`i mvRv w`‡Z n‡Zv| Avi hw` †`Lv †hZ, K‡qKRb MÖvgevmxi nVKvwiZvi d‡j GKRb cywjk‡K KZ©e¨iZ Ae¯’vq cÖvY w`‡Z n‡q‡Q, Zvn‡j †`vlx MÖvgevmx K‡qKR‡bi wePvi I kvw¯Í †`qv Pj‡Zv| Zv bv K‡i cywj‡ki `yÕ`y‡Uv MÖvg aŸsm Kiv Ges wb‡R‡`i nv‡Z AvBb Zz‡j †bqv AgvR©bxq Aciva| GUv GKUv RNb¨ bwRi| Gi cÖwZwµqv AZ¨šÍ Aïf I my`~icÖmvix n‡Z eva¨| 48



mvZ ÔwbDR DBKÕ cwÎKvq 1974 mv‡ji 15 Ryb evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii PÐbxwZ Ges A_©‰bwZK msKU †gvKvwejvq †kL gywR‡ei mvgwMÖK e¨_©Zv m¤ú‡K© Ubx wK¬›Ub iwPZ ÔPvUyKvi cwi‡ewóZ †kL gywR‡ei †bZ…‡Z¡ evsjv‡`k wech©‡qi w`‡K GwM‡q hv‡”QÕ wk‡ivbv‡g GKwU msev` wbeÜ cÖKvwkZ nq| msev` wbe‡Üi Q‡Î Q‡Î GK fqvbK fwel¨‡Zi Avk¼v dz‡U D‡VwQj| †mB wbe‡Üi wKQz D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ask cvV‡Ki Rb¨ Zz‡j aiwQ: Ò... Ôi¶xevwnbxÕ bv‡g GKwU Avav-mvgwiK evwnbx †`kwU‡Z Av‡iKevi wbh©vZb Ges nZ¨vh‡Á †g‡Z D‡V‡Q| GB AvovB eQi Av‡M evsjv‡`k m¤¢eZ `ywbqvi me‡P‡q myLx †`k wQj| cvwK¯Ívwb‡`i b„ksm MYnZ¨v Ges AZ¨vPv‡ii weiæ‡× hy× K‡i ZLb m‡egvÎ ¯^vaxbZv AwR©Z n‡q‡Q| hy×weaŸ¯Í wKš‘ weRqx evsjv‡`‡ki weivU fwel¨r wb‡q ZLb mKj gn‡j cÖPzi Avkvev`| wKš‘ AvR G‡`‡k myL GK Aejyß Av‡eM gvÎ| i¶xevwnbx bv‡g GKwU Avav-mvgwiK evwnbx ¯^vaxb †`‡k wbh©vZb Ges nZ¨vh‡Á †g‡Z D‡V‡Q| we‡`wk mvsevw`K‡`i Kv‡Q †`‡ki cÖK…Z Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z wM‡q Av‡Rv cvwK¯Ívwb Avg‡ji g‡ZvB G‡`‡ki gvbyl f‡q †Ku‡c I‡V| evsjv‡`k Ges c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi g‡a¨ Zdvr gvÎ GUzKzB †h, RbMY GLb Av‡Mi PvB‡ZI 208 209



`wi`ª n‡q c‡o‡Q Ges cvwK¯Ívwb ˆmb¨‡`i e`‡j ¯^RvwZi Øviv jvwÃZwbcxwoZ n‡”Q| †h‡Kv‡bv ai‡bi mgv‡jvPbv ¯Íä K‡i †`qvi Rb¨ hw`I-ev miKvwi gnj †_‡K e¨e¯’v †bqv n‡”Q, Z_vwc me©Î wec` ms‡KZ †`Lv hv‡”Q| A_©bxwZ‡Z APjve¯’v †b‡g G‡m‡Q Ges †Kej 150 †KvwU Wjv‡ii we‡`wk mvnvh¨B e¨vcK Abvnvi †_‡K RbMY‡K euvwP‡q ivL‡Q| avb-cv‡Ui Drcv`b hy×c~e©Kvjxb gvÎvi A‡bK wb‡P †b‡g †M‡Q, we‡`wk gy`ªvi fvÐvi k~b¨ Ges gy`ªvùxwZ kZKiv 40 fvM Qvwo‡q †M‡Q| cvwK¯Ívb Avg‡j †h kÖwgK w`‡b 3 UvKv †c‡Zv, GLb Zvi †ivRMvi 8 UvKv| wKš‘ †m Avg‡ji 3 UvKv g~‡j¨i Lvevi wKb‡Z GLb Zvi cÖ‡qvRb 20 UvKvi| G‡nb fqven cwiw¯’wZi Rb¨ †h e¨w³‡K mivmwi †`vlv‡ivc Ki‡Z nq, wZwb n‡jb evsjv‡`‡ki RbKÑ †bZv †kL gywReyi ingvb| wKQzmsL¨K PvUzKvi cwi‡ewóZ †kL gywR‡ei Ae¯’v Ggb n‡q‡Q †h, wb‡Ri fzj-åvwšÍ¸‡jv ch©šÍ Rvb‡Z cviv Zvi c‡¶ m¤¢e bq| KviY, G PvUzKv‡ii `j †Kej †mB msev`¸‡jvB Zvi Kv‡b †Zv‡j, †h msev`¸‡jv wZwb wb‡R D‡`¨vMx n‡q Rvb‡Z I ïb‡Z Pvb| ïay ˆe‡`wkK bxwZ Qvov †kL gywR‡ei †bZ…Z¡ cÖvq m¤ú~Y© A‡hvM¨ cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q| Ggb GKwU miKv‡ii wZwb †bZ…Z¡ w`‡”Qb, hvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q †hvM¨Zvnxb Avgjv Avi hZme e`&gvk Ges Aí wKQy fv‡jv wKš‘ AbwfÁ gš¿xi `j| N‡ivqv Am‡šÍvl `g‡b gywRe Ggb GK e¨e¯’vi AvkÖq wb‡q‡Qb hv‡K ejv hvq: ivR‰bwZK cÖwZc¶ `g‡bi mycwiKwíZ Kg©m~wP| i¶xevwnbx gywRewe‡ivax‡`i `gb Kivi Kv‡R ÔcÖvB‡fU evwnbxÕ wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i hv‡”Q| MÖvgv‡j G evwnbx‡K gvbyl fxwZ I Îv‡mi †Pv‡L †`L‡Z ïiæ K‡i‡Q| m¤cÖwZ GK gš¿xi evwo †NivIKvix wgwQ‡ji Ici i¶xevwnbxi †gwkbMvb DwÌZ nq Ges VvÐv gv_vq Giv wgwQ‡ji 19 Rb‡K nZ¨v K‡i| bvMwiK AwaKvi Ges AvBwb mnvqZv KwgwUi 160 Rb m`m¨ MZ mßv‡n AZ¨šÍ K‡Vvi fvlvq i¶xevwnbxi wb›`v K‡i‡Qb| me©¯Í‡ii RbM‡Yi ivR‰bwZK



I mvgvwRK Rxe‡b miKvi Îv‡mi ivRZ¡ Kv‡qg K‡i‡Q e‡j KwgwU Awf‡hvM K‡i| GZw`b gywR‡ei ˆe‡`wkK bxwZ †hUzKz mdj n‡qwQj B`vbxs Zv‡ZI g›`v †b‡g‡Q| cvwK¯Ív‡bi †cÖwm‡W›U fz‡Æv `yÕmßvn Av‡M XvKvq G‡j Zvi mv‡_ †h K_vevZ©v n‡q‡Q Zv‡Z †Kv‡bv d‡jv`q nqwb| hy‡× evsjv‡`‡ki ¶wZc~iY `vwe Kiv n‡j fy‡Æv mivmwi bvKP K‡i †`b| evsjv‡`‡ki me‡P‡q eo mgm¨v n‡”QÑ evsjv‡`k g‡b K‡i, Zv‡K euvwP‡q ivL‡Z mviv `ywbqvi GKUv MiR Av‡Q; G gšÍe¨ R‰bK we‡`wk K~UbxwZ‡Ki| GB K~UbxwZK e‡j‡Qb: evsjv‡`k g‡b K‡i, hy‡×i mgq †h‡nZz wek¦ RbgZ Zv‡`i c‡¶ †_‡K‡Q AZGe me mgqB †miKgwU _vK‡Z n‡e| evsjv‡`k‡K euvwP‡q ivL‡Z `ywbqvi MiR c‡o‡Q wK c‡owb, †mUv Ab¨ K_v| Z‡e fwel¨‡Z †`kwUi Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ KwVb mgq A‡c¶v Ki‡Q| gvwK©b hy³ivóªmn mvnvh¨`vZv †`k¸‡jv wb‡RivB g~j¨e„w×i Pv‡c Aw¯’i| d‡j µgvMZnv‡i mvnvh¨`v‡bi wel‡q Zviv Abxnv cÖKvk K‡i P‡j‡Q|Ó49



AvU 1973 mvj| KvivMvi †_‡K gyw³ †c‡q‡Qb b¨vc †bZv gwkDi ingvb hv`y wgqv| K‡qKw`b ci ivRavbxi GK _vbvi IwmÕi mv‡_ †`Lv Ki‡Z †M‡jb| Iwm Zvi eÜz| hv`y wgqv Iwm mv‡ne‡K Ô†Kgb Av‡QbÕ wR‡Ám Kivq wZwb ej‡jb, Ô†Kgb AvwQ e‡j jvf †bB| Zvi †P‡q GKwU NUbv ewj, Zv †_‡KB ey‡S wb‡Z cvi‡eb †Kgb AvwQ Avgiv|Õ Iwm mv‡ne ej‡jb: GKw`b GKRb j¤^v PzjIqvjv isevR‡K (ZLb mš¿vmx‡`i ÔisevRÕ ejv n‡Zv) wifj&fvimn a‡i Avbjvg| Zv‡K G‡b Avgvi iæ‡g †Pqv‡i ewm‡q Pv LvIqvjvg| Zvici ejjvg, Ôevev, †Zvgvi gv_vi Pzj GZ my›`i Avi j¤^v| Avgv‡K ILvb †_‡K `yÕMvwQ Pzj †`‡e?Õ †Q‡jwU GKUz AevK n‡jI gv_v †_‡K `yÕwU Pzj Zz‡j Avgv‡K w`‡jv| Avwg Pzj `yÕwU‡K GKwU Lv‡g f‡i c‡K‡U ivLjvg| Zvici ejjvg, ÔGevi e‡jv †Zvgvi †Kv‡bv gyiæeŸx Av‡Qb wK-bv, _vK‡j †dvb K‡iv|Õ †m GKRb †bZv‡K †dvb Ki‡jv| †mB AvIqvgx jxM †bZv Avgv‡K ej‡jb, ÔI Avgvi 210 211



†jvK, I‡K †Q‡o w`b|Õ Avwg †Q‡jwU‡K ejjvg, ÔhvI evev, †Zvgv‡K Kó w`jvg, wKQy g‡b K‡iv bv|Õ †Q‡jwU D‡V `iRv ch©šÍ wM‡q wd‡i G‡m ej‡jv, ÔIwm mv‡ne Avcwb G‡Zv fv‡jv gvbyl, Avgv‡K G‡Zv LvwZi-hZœ Ki‡jb, wKš‘ Avgvi gv_vi `yÕwU Pzj Avcwb †Kb ivL‡jb eySjvg bv|Õ Iwm mv‡ne ej‡jb, Ô†`‡Lv evev, MZKvjI †Zvgvi g‡Zv GKRb‡K a‡i G‡bwQjvg| wKQz¶Y ci GKwU †Uwj‡dvb †c‡q Zv‡K †Q‡o w`‡Z n‡qwQj| hvevi mgq †m Avgv‡K e‡j †M‡jv, Lye‡Zv aBiv Avbwj; Avgvi GKMvwQ PzjI †Zv ivL‡Z cviwj bv| Zv evev ZzwgI hv‡Z IB K_v ej‡Z bv cv‡iv, †mB Rb¨B `yÕMvwQ Pzj †i‡L w`jvg|Õ50



bq evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb nIqvi ci evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy×Kv‡j gyw³hy‡×i e¨q wbe©v‡ni R‡b¨ gywRebMi miKvi KZ©…K msM„nxZ 75 †KvwU UvKvi †Kvb nw`m cvIqv †Mj bv| gyw³hy‡×i bv‡g Av`vq Kiv †mB A‡_©i †Kvb wnmve †KD-B w`‡Z cvi‡jv bv| GB A_© wKfv‡e e¨q n‡jv, †K e¨q Ki‡jv, Avi hw` e¨q bv-B n‡q _v‡K Z‡e †Kv_vq †Mj- GB cÖkœ¸‡jv DV‡Z ïiæ K‡i| †kL gywRe wb‡RI KL‡bv KL‡bv ivwó«q Avw_©K wel‡q ivó«bv‡qv‡KvwPZ AvPiY Ki‡Z e¨_© nb| j¾vRbKfv‡e †mme NUbv eÜyivó« fvi‡Zi Kv‡QI cÖKvwkZ n‡q c‡o| fviZ †_‡K ¯^vaxbZvi ci XvKvq G‡mwQ‡jb Bw›`iv MvÜx cÖkvm‡bi wcÖwÝcvj †m‡µUvwi wc. Gb. nvKmvi| nvKmvi wQ‡jb evsjv‡`k cÖm‡½ fvi‡Zi cÖavb Avgjv| XvKvq G‡m wewfbœ wel‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡ib †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi mv‡_| Av‡jvPbvKv‡j mvg‡b Av‡m gywRebMi miKv‡ii wKQy UvKvi cÖm½ hv ZLb fviZxq e¨vs‡K Mw”QZ wQj| wc Gb nvKmvi †kL gywRe‡K e‡jb, ÔfviZ miKvi GB UvKvUv †diZ w`‡Z Pvq wKš‘ Kxfv‡e Avgiv †diZ cvVve| e¨vsK W«vdU K‡i cvVve, bvwK †Zvgiv wRwbmcÎ wKb‡e- wRwbmcÎ wKb‡j Zvi wecix‡Z Avgiv eøK wnmv‡e †mB



UvKv †`e? Z‡e Avgiv we‡`kx gy`ªvq w`‡Z cvi‡ev bv, fviZxq gy`ªvq †`e| ZLb †kL gywRe ej‡jb UvKv¸‡jv Uªv‡K K‡i cvwV‡q w`‡Z| wew¯§Z wc. Gb. nvKmvi †kL gywRe‡K ej‡jb, Uªv‡K K‡i UvKv Kxfv‡e †`‡ev? Avgv‡`i †Zv miKvwi wnmvec×wZ Av‡Q, e¨vswKs c×wZ Av‡Q| Zvici ‡kL gywRe e‡jwQ‡jb, mvg‡b Avgvi wbe©vPb, GB UvKv †m R‡b¨ Avgvi `iKvi n‡e| wc. Gb. nvKmvi †kL gywR‡ei GB bxwZewnf©~Z AvPiY I A_©wjávq e¨w_Z n‡q wQ‡jb| wZwb wg‡mm MvÜx I Zvui mnKg©x‡`i G K_v Rvbvb| 1972 mv‡ji Ryb gv‡m fvi‡Zi ZrKvjxb cwiKíbvgš¿x wW. wc. ai gC`yj nvmvb‡K GB NUbvi K_v Rvbvb| c‡i 1981 mv‡j †Lv` wc. Gb. nvKmviI Gi mZ¨Zv ¯^xKvi K‡ib|51



`k gyw³hy× †kl nIqvi Qq gvmI AwZµvšÍ nqwb, A_P evnvˇii 21 Ryb mvßvwnK ÔnK K_vÕi m¤úv`K‡K †MÖdZvi Kiv nq| we¯§qKifv‡e GB †MÖdZv‡ii QvweŸk w`b ci †kL gywRe e‡jb, ÔZvi miKvi †Kv‡bv w`bB msev`c‡Îi ¯^vaxbZvq n¯Í‡¶c Ki‡e bv|Õ Gi gvm †`‡oK ci AvMó gv‡m AvIqvgx jx‡Mi cªfvekvjx †bZv †Kvievb Avjx ˆ`wbK evsjvq GK mv¶vrKv‡i ej‡jb, Ômsev`c·K Aeva ¯^vaxbZv †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i bv|Õ wVK Zvi c‡ii gv‡mi 6 Zvwi‡L †MÖdZvi n‡jb ÔmvßvwnK gyLcÎÕ I Ô†¯úvKmg¨vbÕ m¤úv`K dqRyi ingvb| ciw`b PÆMªv‡g Ô†`kevsjvÕ cwÎKvi Awdm R¡vwj‡q †`qv nq| wZqvˇii 1 Rvbyqvix BDwmm Awd‡mi mvg‡b cywjk QvÎ BDwbq‡bi `yÕRb Qv·K ¸wj K‡i nZ¨vi ci ˆ`wbK evsjv †UwjMªvg †ei Kivq m¤úv`KgÛjxi mfvcwZ nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb I m¤úv`K †Zvqve Lvb Zv‡`i PvKwi nvivb| cwÎKvi mvsevw`K-Kg©Pvixiv †kL gywR‡ei Kv‡Q Gi cÖwZKvi `vwe Ki‡j gywRe e‡jb, ÔAvgvi KvM‡R Gme wK wj‡LQ? †Zvgv‡`i bxwZ _v‡K †cÖmK¬v‡e dwjI, wb‡R‡`i WªBs iæ‡g dwjI| 212 213



Avgvi KvM‡R Gme Pj‡e bv|Õ Ôˆ`wbK evsjvÕi `yÕR‡bi PvKwi hvevi ci 5 Rvbyqvix †kL knx` ej‡jb, Ôˆ`wbK evsjvÕ cwÎKv †_‡K `yÕRb cvwK¯Ívbx `vjvj‡K AcmviY Kiv n‡q‡Q|Õ wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, Ôcªavbgš¿xi bv‡gi Av‡M RvwZi wcZv I e½eÜy bv wjL‡j cwÎKvi Aw¯ÍZ¡ wecbœ n‡e|Õ Gi 9 w`b ci †kL Ave`yj AvwRR GB e‡j gšÍe¨ Ki‡jb, Ômsev`c‡Îi ¯^vaxbZv i¶vq miKvi e×cwiKi|Õ Gic‡ii BwZnvmI jvMvZvi Kj‡¼i| wZqvˇii 29 gvP© MYK‡Úi mvsevw`K‡`I †Rvi K‡i Awdm †_‡K ‡ei K‡i †`qv nq| 13 †g eÜ K‡I †`qv nq Ôˆ`wbK ¯^‡`kÕ, wb‡Riv A‡hvM¨ cªkvmK †m‡R GwU eÜ K‡ib| 18 Ryb †MÖdZvi Kiv nq ÔbehyMÕ m¤úv`K‡K| 29 Ryb mvsevw`K BDwbqb †_‡K ejv nq, ÔmZ¨ ejv wec¾bK n‡q `vuwo‡q‡Q| Avgiv ûgwKi gy‡L mxwgZ ¯^vaxbZvq KvR KiwQ|Õ 12 AvM÷ Ô†`kevsjvÕ eÜ K‡i †`qv nq| 23 b‡f¤^i ÔmvßvwnK I‡qfÕ cwÎKv‡K D‡”Q` Kiv nq Av`vj‡Zi BbRvskb D‡c¶v K‡i| †MÖdZvi Kiv nq m¤úv`K‡K| MYKÚmn Ab¨vb¨ cwÎKvi Ici evi evi nvgjvi c«wZev‡` Õ74-Gi 16 Rvbyqvwi XvKv mvsevw`K BDwbqb GK wee„wZ‡Z e‡j, Ôwewfbœ gn‡ji wbKU n‡Z mvsevw`K‡`i cªZ¨¶ I c‡iv¶, †NvwlZ-A‡NvwlZ bvbv iKg ûgwK, cªvYbvk I cªwZôvb cywo‡q †`qvi ûgwKi m¤§yLxb n‡Z n‡”Q| †`‡k msev`c‡Îi ¯^vaxbZv †bB e‡jB GB cwiw¯’wZi D™¢e n‡q‡Q|Õ Pyqvˇii 17 gvP© ÔMYKÚÕ eÜ K‡i †`qv nq| †MÖdZvi Kiv nq cwÎKvi m¤úv`K Avj gvngy` I Av‡iv K‡qKRb mvsevw`K‡K| c‡i Avevi Pvjy n‡jI nvgjv Pj‡Z _v‡K| 30 Ryb cywjk MYK‡Úi Awd‡m Xy‡K cwÎKvi mvRv‡bv dg©v †f‡½ w`‡q Av‡m| RyjvB gv‡m ÔcªvP¨evZ©vÕi m¤úv`K‡K †MÖdZvi Kiv nq| PÆMªv‡gi ÔB÷vY© GKRvwgbviÕ cwÎKv eÜ K‡i †`qv nq| 16 wW‡m¤^i †MÖdZvix c‡ivqvbv Rvwi Kiv nq ÔAwfgZÕ m¤úv`K Avjx Avkiv‡di weiæ‡×|52



m~Î: 1. i¶xevwnbxi ARvbv Aa¨vq; K‡b©j (Ae.) m‡ivqvi †nv‡mb †gvjøv, cÖv³b mwPe I ivóª`~Z, A‡š^lv cÖKvkb, 2014, c„ôv: 38 2. evsjv‡`k : i‡³i FY; A¨vš’bx g¨vmKvb©nvm, Abyev`: †gvnv¤§` kvnRvnvb, nv°vbx cvewjkvm©, 1988, c„ôv: 26 3. Rvm‡`i DÌvb cZb : Aw¯’i mg‡qi ivRbxwZ; gwnDwÏb Avng`, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, 2014, c„ôv: 69 4. evsjv‡`k : RvwZ MVbKv‡j GK A_©bxwZwe‡`i wKQz K_v; byiæj Bmjvg, w` BDwbfvwm©wU †cÖm wjwg‡UW, 2007, c„ôv: 92 5. gyw³hy× I Zvici : GKwU wb`©jxq BwZnvm; †Mvjvg gyiwk`, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, Rvbyqvwi 2010, c„ôv: 182 6. evsjv‡`k : i‡³i FY; A¨vš’bx g¨vmKvb©nvm, Abyev`: †gvnv¤§` kvnRvnvb, nv°vbx cvewjkvm©, 1988, c„ôv: 29 7. i¶xevwnbxi mZ¨ wg_¨v; Av‡bvqvi Dj Avjg, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, 2013, c„ôv: 57 8. we›`y-wemM©; W. bxwjgv Beªvwng; †deªæqvwi 1991, c„ôv: 151-152 9. evsjv‡`k : †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi kvmbKvj; gI`y` Avng`, RMjyj Avjg Ab~w`Z, BDwcGj, †deªæqvwi 2016, c„ôv: 282 10. i¶xevwnbxi mZ¨ wg_¨v; Av‡bvqvi Dj Avjg, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, 2013, c„ôv: 54 11. gywReevwnbx †_‡K MYevwnbx : BwZnv‡mi cybc©vV; AvjZvd cvi‡fR, HwZn¨, †deªæqvwi 2015, c„ôv: 242 12. e‡jwQ ejwQ eje; kvn& †gvqv‡¾g †nv‡mb, Abb¨v cÖKvk, 2002, c„ôv: 153 13. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 154 14. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 155 15. evsjv‡`k : RvwZ MVbKv‡j GK A_©bxwZwe‡`i wKQy K_v; byiæj Bmjvg, w` BDwbfvwm©wU †cÖm wjwg‡UW, 2007, c„ôv: 92 16. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 93 17. †mB wmwfj mvwf©m : †mBme wmwfwjqvb; W. †kL Avãyi ikx`, gy³wPšÍv cÖKvkbv, 2011, c„ôv: 88-93 18. ZvRDÏxb Avng` : †bZv I wcZv; kviwgb Avng`, HwZn¨, †deªæqvwi 2015, c„ôv 195 19. evsjv‡`k : RvwZ MVbKv‡j GK A_©bxwZwe‡`i wKQy K_v; byiæj Bmjvg, w` BDwbfvwm©wU †cÖm wjwg‡UW, 2007, c„ôv: 83 20. wewPÎv; 2q el©, 4_© msL¨v, 15 Ryb 1973 21. evsjv‡`k : RvwZ MVbKv‡j GK A_©bxwZwe‡`i wKQz K_v; byiæj Bmjvg, w` BDwbfvwm©wU †cÖm wjwg‡UW, 2007, c„ôv: 95 22. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 96 23. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 101 24. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 102 25. evsjv‡`k : †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi kvmbKvj; gI`y` Avng`, RMjyj Avjg Ab~w`Z, BDwcGj, †deªæqvwi 2016, c„ôv: 345 26. evsjv‡`k : RvwZ MVbKv‡j GK A_©bxwZwe‡`i wKQz K_v; byiæj Bmjvg, w` BDwbfvwm©wU †cÖm wjwg‡UW, 2007, c„ôv: 107



214 215



27. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 108 28. gywReevwnbx †_‡K MYevwnbx : BwZnv‡mi cybc©vV; AvjZvd cvi‡fR, HwZn¨, †deªæqvwi 2015, c„ôv: 322 29. evsjv‡`k : †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi kvmbKvj; gI`y` Avng`, RMjyj Avjg Ab~w`Z, BDwcGj, †deªæqvwi 2016, c„ôv: 26 30. evsjv‡`k : RvwZ MVbKv‡j GK A_©bxwZwe‡`i wKQz K_v; byiæj Bmjvg, w` BDwbfvwm©wU †cÖm wjwg‡UW, 2007, c„ôv: 109 31. evsjv‡`k : i‡³i FY; A¨vš’bx g¨vmKvb©nvm, Abyev`: †gvnv¤§` kvnRvnvb, nv°vbx cvewjkvm©, 1988, c„ôv: 34 32. gyw³hy× I Zvici : GKwU wb`©jxq BwZnvm; †Mvjvg gyiwk`, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, Rvbyqvwi 2010, c„ôv: 210 33. e‡jwQ ejwQ eje; kvn& †gvqv‡¾g †nv‡mb, Abb¨v cÖKvk; †m‡Þ¤^i 2002, c„ôv: 173 34. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 190-191 35. `~iex‡Y `~i`k©x; †kL dRjyj nK gwY, AvMvgx cÖKvkbx, †m‡Þ¤^i 2011, c„ôv: 19-21, 6979, 101-102 36. evsjv‡`k : †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi kvmbKvj; gI`y` Avng`, RMjyj Avjg Ab~w`Z, BDwcGj, †deªæqvwi 2016, c„ôv: 302 37. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 197 38. ˆ`wbK B‡ËdvK; 23 †deªæqvwi 1973 39. wewPÎv; 2q el©, 30 msL¨v, 4 Rvbyqvwi 1973 40. evsjv‡`k : †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi kvmbKvj; gI`y` Avng`, RMjyj Avjg Ab~w`Z, BDwcGj, †deªæqvwi 2016, c„ôv: 362 41. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 296 42. evsjv‡`k : RvwZ MVbKv‡j GK A_©bxwZwe‡`i wKQz K_v; byiæj Bmjvg, w` BDwbfvwm©wU †cÖm wjwg‡UW, 2007, c„ôv: 102-103 43. GKvˇii ARvbv `wjj; gvwK©b b¨vkbvj AvK©vBf&m&, wgRvbyi ingvb Lvb, cÖ_g Av‡jv, 04 b‡f¤^i 2013 44. wecyjv c„w_ex; Avwbmy¾vgvb, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, 2015, c„ôv: 155 45. gywReevwnbx †_‡K MYevwnbx : BwZnv‡mi cybc©vV; AvjZvd cvi‡fR, HwZn¨, †deªæqvwi 2015, c„ôv: 224 46. wewPÎv; 2q el©, 6ô msL¨v, 29 Ryb 1973 47. gwdR †PŠayix iPbvejx-1; †gvnv¤§` mvÕ`vZ Avjx, Gwkqv cvewj‡KkÝ, †deªæqvwi 2002, c„ôv: 493 48. evsjv‡`k : evnvËi †_‡K cuPvËi; m¤úv`bv: gywbiDÏxb Avng`, b‡fj cvewjwks nvDm, Rvbyqvwi 1989, c„ôv: 41-45 49. ÔwbDR DBKÕ; 15 RyjvB 1974 50. ¯^Y©hy‡Mi BwZK_v; gwnDwÏb Lvb †gvnb, ïf cÖKvkb, †g 2003, c„ôv: 13 51. gyw³hy‡×i c~e©vci : K‡_vcK_b- gyw³hy‡× AskMÖnYKvix 3Rb †hv×vi mv¶vrKvi; G †K L›`Kvi, gCbyj nvmvb, Gm Avi gxR©v; cÖ_gv cÖKvkb; wW‡m¤^i 2016; c„ôv: 143 52. Avn‡g` gym/ GKvšÍ mgKv‡ji; wS‡Odzj, †deªæqvix, 2028; c„ôv: 70-71



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wb‡qvM †`qvi K_v| wbqg _vK‡jI cvwK¯Ívb-†diZ Awdmvi‡`i †¶‡Î Zv Abym„Z nqwb| Dciš‘ cvwK¯Ívb-†diZ Awdmvi‡`i g‡a¨ A‡b‡KB `yÕwZb eQ‡ii g‡a¨ †gRi †_‡K weª‡MwWqvi ch©šÍ c‡`vbœwZ jvf K‡ib| D`vniY¯^iƒc ZrKvjxb †j. K‡b©j Gikv` (c‡i ivóªcwZ) cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K †diZ Avmvi gvÎ `yÕeQ‡ii g‡a¨ wZbwU c‡`vbœwZ †c‡q †gRi †Rbv‡ij nb| kvwšÍKvjxb GiKg c‡`vbœwZ bwRiwenxb|8 gyw³‡hv×v I Agyw³‡hv×v‡`i wefw³ I fvMvfvwM ïay †h mvgwiK evwnbx‡ZB wQj Zv bq, †emvgwiK Kg©Pvix I ivR‰bwZK †bZv‡`i g‡a¨I Zv mgvbfv‡e cÖKU wQj| hviv ZLb mxgvšÍ cvi n‡q gyw³hy‡× †hvM`vb Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb wKsev K‡ibwb, Zv‡`i cÖwZ gyw³‡hv×v‡`i AeÁvi fve †Zv wQjB, Zv‡`i †`k‡cÖg wb‡qI m‡›`n Kiv nw”Qj|9 ¯^vaxbZvi c‡i wKQzw`‡bi g‡a¨B `yÕRb †gRi‡K †gRi †Rbv‡ij Ges wZbRb †gRi‡K weª‡MwWqvi c‡` c‡`vbœwZ †`qv nq| GB NUbv `yÕwU evsjv‡`k mvgwiK evwnbx Ges bZzb ivóªwUi cieZ©x BwZnv‡mi Ici my`~icÖmvix cÖfve †d‡jwQj|10 †mbvevwnbx cÖavb wn‡m‡e †jd‡Ub¨v›U †Rbv‡ij LvRv IqvwmDwÏb wQ‡jb †Rbv‡ij Imgvbx I †kL gywR‡ei cÖ_g cQ›`| el©xqvb I †ckv`vi Awdmvi wn‡m‡e wZwb cvwK¯Ívb †mbvevwnbxi cÖavb wn‡m‡eI †hvM¨ cÖv_©x wQ‡jb| †Rbv‡ij IqvwmDwÏb wQ‡jb XvKvi beve cwiev‡ii mšÍvb| wØZxq wek¦hy‡× weªwUk Avwg©i ZiæY Awdmvi wn‡m‡e wZwb evg©v d«‡›U exiZ¡c~Y© jovB K‡iwQ‡jb| gyw³hy‡×i mgq †Rbv‡ij IqvwmDwÏb‡K Ab¨vb¨ evOvwj Awdmv‡ii g‡Zv Aeiæ× Kiv nq| 1973 mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤^i gv‡m cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K †diZ Avmvi ciB wm×všÍ n‡qwQj, wZwb evsjv‡`k †mbvevwnbxi cÖavb n‡eb| wewewm †_‡KI G wm×v‡šÍi K_v cÖPvi Kiv n‡qwQj|11 wKš‘ †Rbv‡ij IqvwmDwÏb †h‡nZz cvwK¯Ívb †diZ Awdmvi, gyw³‡hv×v bb Ges ÔAevOvwjÕ; GB hyw³‡Z †mbv cÖavb wn‡m‡e Zvi m¤¢ve¨ g‡bvbq‡bi weiæ‡× cÖej cÖwZ‡iva M‡o I‡V| AvIqvgx jx‡Mi ZiæY †bZviv †kL gywRe‡K †Rv‡ii m‡½ GB wm×všÍ wb‡Z evav †`b| ZiæY †bZv‡`i g‡a¨ Avãyi iv¾vK I †Zvdv‡qj Avn‡g` `yÕRbB wKQymsL¨K D”Pvwfjvlx gyw³‡hv×v Awdmv‡ii cÖ‡ivPbvq A‡bKUv †Rv‡ii m‡½ †kL gywRe‡K GB wm×všÍwU wb‡Z evav †`b|12 220 221



wPÎ-K_b: †mbvevwnbx †kL gywR‡ei Dc‡i Lywk wQjbv| Zviv wb‡R‡`i ewÂZ e‡j g‡b Ki‡Zv| 1973-Gi wbe©vP‡b ˆmwbKiv 80 kZvs‡ki †ewk †fvU AvIqvgx jx‡Mi weiæ‡× †`q| GB ˆmwbK‡`i AwaKvskB wQj ¯^vaxbZvhy‡×i mvg‡bi mvwii exi †mbv| gyw³hy‡×i mgq gywRe wQ‡jb †`k-RvwZi RbK Avi Zv‡`i Aby‡cªiYvi Drm| gvÎ 15 gv‡mi e¨eav‡b gywRe‡K ivR‰bwZK mg_©b †`evi Rb¨ Zviv Avi ˆZwi wQj bv| †mbvevwnbxi KyPKvIqv‡R gyw³‡hv×v Awdmvi †gRi †Rbv‡ij gBbyj †nv‡mb †PŠayixi mv‡_ e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb| d‡Uv: msM„nxZ



cwi‡k‡l †mbv cÖavb wn‡m‡e †Rbv‡ij kwdDjøvn‡K g‡bvbxZ Kiv nq| Avi †Rbv‡ij wRqvDi ingvb‡K Dc-†mbv cÖavb Kiv nq| †Rbv‡ij kwdDjøvn Avi †Rbv‡ij wRqv GKB e¨v‡Pi K¨v‡WU wQ‡jb| wKš‘ †mbvevwnbxi wmwbqwiwU Abymv‡i †Rbv‡ij kwdDjøvni †P‡q AwaKZi †hvM¨ I AMÖeZ©x Ae¯’v‡b wQ‡jb †Rbv‡ij wRqv| Z‡e †kL gywRe I AvIqvgx jxM †bZviv wRqv‡K D”PvKv•ÿx e‡j g‡b Ki‡Zb| †Rbv‡ij ImgvbxI wRqv‡K fv‡jv †Pv‡L †`L‡Zb bv| GgbwK GKUv mgq wRqv‡K c~e© Rvg©vwb‡Z ivóª`~Z K‡i cvwV‡q Avwg© †_‡K mwi‡q †`qvi e¨e¯’v cÖvq cvKvcvwK n‡q wM‡qwQj|13



ïay Awdmvi‡`i Am‡šÍvl bq, ˆmwbK‡`i Ae¯’vI wQj fqven| Zv‡`i RyZv ev †cvkvK ch©šÍ wQj bv| cvwK¯Ívb cÖZ¨vMZ GK wmwbqi Awdmvi K¨v›Ub‡g‡›U cÖwk¶YiZ Lvwj cv, jyw½ I †MwÄ A_ev nvdkvU© civ, ivB‡dj nv‡Z wbqwgZ ˆmwbK †`‡L wew¯§Z n‡q cÖkœ Ki‡j GKRb EaŸ©Zb †mbv Kg©KZ©v Rev‡e e‡jwQ‡jb: G‡`i GL‡bv Dw`© †`qv m¤¢e nqwb, Kvc‡oi Afve| ˆmwbK‡`i Kvco I RyZv †bB| GKB mgq Kzwg©‡Uvjvq †mbv QvDwb‡Z cÖ‡Z¨K wmwbqi Awdmv‡ii Awdm Kvgivq †j‡MwQj GqviKwÛkbvi, Rvbvjvq `vwg c`©v, †`qvj †_‡K †`qvj Kv‡c©‡U †gvov| cvwK¯Ívwb evwnbxi †gRi †Rbv‡i‡ji wb‡P Kv‡iv Awd‡m GqviKwÛkbvi wQj bv| Awdm¸‡jvI wQj kZ eQ‡ii cyi‡bv| †hgb AÜKvi, †Zgwb †QvU|14 GB Av‡¶c †_‡KB 1973-Gi wbe©vP‡b ˆmwbKiv 80 kZvs‡ki †ewk †fvU AvIqvgx jx‡Mi weiæ‡× †`q| GB ˆmwbK‡`i AwaKvskB wQj ¯^vaxbZvhy‡×i mvg‡bi mvwii exi †mbv| gyw³hy‡×i mgq gywRe wQ‡jb †`k-RvwZi RbK Avi Zv‡`i Aby‡cÖiYvi Drm| gvÎ 15 gv‡mi e¨eav‡b gywRe‡K ivR‰bwZK mg_©b †`evi Rb¨ Zviv Avi ˆZwi wQj bv|15 ˆmb¨iv wb‡R‡`i nZfvM¨ e‡j g‡b Ki‡Zv| KviY, Zv‡`i Lvevi †bB, †Kv‡bv cÖkvmb †bB, A¯¿k¯¿ †bB, BDwbdg© †bB, Mv‡qi †KvU †bB, cv‡q †`qvi eyU ch©šÍ †bB| kx‡Zi iv‡Z Zv‡`i‡K K¤^j Mv‡q w`‡q wWDwU Ki‡Z nq| A‡bK wmcvwn jyw½ c‡i KvR Ki‡Q| Zv‡`i †Kv‡bv BDwbdg© †bB| Z`ycwi, Zv‡`i Ici nqivwb| GgbwK †mbvevwnbxi m`m¨‡`i †cUv‡Zv cywjk| cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K cÖZ¨vMZ miKvwi Avgjviv †mbvevwnbx‡K N„Yvi †Pv‡L †`L‡Zv| GKevi †mbvevwnbxi wKQz m`m¨‡K †g‡i †djv n‡jv| †mbv Awdmviiv †kL gywR‡ei Kv‡Q †M‡jb| †kL gywRe K_v w`‡qwQ‡jb wZwb e¨vcviwU †`L‡eb| c‡i wZwb Awf‡hvMKvix †mbv Kg©KZ©v‡`i Rvbv‡jb †h, Ô†Kvjve‡iUiÕ wQj e‡j Zv‡`i‡K †g‡i †djv n‡q‡Q|16 EaŸ©Zb †mbv Awdmvi‡`i aviYv wQj †h, †kL gywRe Zvui wØZxq †Q‡j †kL Rvgvj‡K †mbvevwnbxi D”Pc‡`i Rb¨ ˆZwi Ki‡Qb| †kL Rvgvj‡K Avwg©‡Z XzwK‡q Dchy³ cÖwk¶‡Yi Rb¨ hy‡Mv¯øvf wgwjUvwi GKv‡Wwg‡Z cvwV‡q †`qv nq| Rvgvj ILvbKvi cov‡kvbvq m¤¢eZ Kzwj‡q DV‡Z bv †c‡i †kL gywRe‡K `viæYfv‡e nZvk K‡i XvKvq wd‡i Av‡m|



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Gici †kL gywRe Zv‡K we‡j‡Zi weL¨vZ m¨vÛ&nv÷&© wgwjUvwi GKv‡Wwg‡Z cvVv‡Z PvB‡jb| wZwb ZLb †mbvevwnbxi wPd Ae ÷vd †Rbv‡ij kwdDjøvn‡K †Uwj‡dv‡b ej‡jb, wZwb †hb Rvgvj‡K m¨vÛ&nv÷&©-G K¨v‡WU wn‡m‡e cvVv‡bvi e¨e¯’v K‡ib| m¨vÛ&nv‡÷©i K¨v‡WU‡`i eû cix¶v-wbix¶v I wbqg-Kvbyb cvjb K‡i evQvB Kiv nq| Avi †mLv‡b †kL Rvgv‡ji †P‡q A‡bK †gavex I AwaKZi †hvM¨ cÖv_©xI wQj| d‡j aviYv Kiv n‡qwQj †h, weª‡U‡bi wcÖwgqvi wgwjUvwi GKv‡Wwg Rvgvj‡K nq‡Zv †hvM¨ e‡j we‡ePbv Ki‡e bv| wKš‘ GKUv †`‡ki cÖavbgš¿xi Aby‡iva we‡ePbv K‡i Zviv 6,000 cvDÛ cÖwk¶Y wdmn we‡kl e¨e¯’vq Rvgvj‡K MÖnY Ki‡Z ivwR n‡jv| IB UvKv A_© gš¿Yvj‡qi AÁv‡Z we‡kl Avwg© P¨v‡b‡j †Mvcbxqfv‡e m¨vÛ&nv‡÷©& cvVv‡bv n‡qwQj|16 Av‡iK w`‡K, gvÎ Pvi eQi Av‡M fviZxq evwnbxi mnvqZvq evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb n‡jI Kx Avðh©, cÖvq me gyw³‡hv×v AwdmviB GiB g‡a¨ fviZ‡K bvK wmuUKv‡Z ïiæ K‡ib| †Rbv‡ij kwdDjøvn, Lv‡j` †gvkviid, wRqvDi ingvb Giv †KD fviZ‡K fv‡jv †Pv‡L †`L‡Zb bv| †Rbv‡ij Imgvbx †Zv Bw›`iv MvÜxi bvgB ïb‡Z cvi‡Zb bv| hy‡×i ci Zv‡`i gvZeŸwi I jyUcvU mevB‡K †¶wc‡q †Zv‡j|7 †mbv cÖavb wn‡m‡e †Rbv‡ij kwdDjøvni †gqv` †kl n‡q hvIqvq cuPvˇii †g gv‡m Av‡iv wZb eQ‡ii Rb¨ ivóªcwZ Zvi †gqv` evwo‡q †`b| G‡Z wRqv LyeB Amš‘ó nb Ges †`b-`ievi ïiæ K‡i †`b| †m mgq GK`jxq evKkvj miKv‡ii ivóªcwZ †kL gywRe Zv‡K †mvRv e‡j †`b, ÔZzwg PvB‡j wiRvBb Ki‡Z cv‡ivÕ|17 †mbvevwnbxi Kv‡Q †h welqwU me‡P‡q †ewk cÖZ¨vwkZ Zv n‡jvÑ k„•Ljv Ges †PBb Ae KgvÛ, hv f½ K‡i Zviv gyw³hy‡× †hvM w`‡qwQ‡jb| GUv †`‡ki cÖwZ Zv‡`i fv‡jvevmv Ges cÖZ¨vkv evwo‡q w`‡qwQj| Avevi, we‡`ªvn Kivi Ges †PBb Ae KgvÛ fvOvi gvbwmKZviI Rb¥ w`‡qwQj| †h †`‡ki gyw³i Rb¨ Zviv cÖv‡Yi gvqv Z¨vM K‡i jovB K‡iwQ‡jb, †m †`‡k `yb©xwZ, wek„•Lj kvmb Ges nvjyqv-iæwUi fvMvfvwM †`‡L Zviv wei³ n‡qwQ‡jb| Avi ¯^vaxb †`‡k Zv‡`i µgvMZ Agh©v`v Avi Acgvb †`‡L Mfxi nZvkvq Wz‡e hvw”Q‡jb|18



m~Î: 1. Kv‡Q †_‡K †`Lv : 1973-1975; †gRi †Rbv‡ij Gg Lwjjyi ingvb, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, †deªæqvwi 2016, c„ôv: 11 2. cÖv¸³: c„ôv: 12-13 3. GK †Rbv‡i‡ji bxie mv¶¨ : ¯^vaxbZvi cÖ_g `kK; †gRi †Rbv‡ij (Ae.) gBbyj †nv‡mb †PŠayix exiweµg, gvIjv eªv`vm©, †deªæqvwi 2000, c„ôv: 56 4. evsjv‡`k : i‡³i FY; A¨vš’bx g¨vmKvb©nvm, Abyev`: †gvnv¤§` kvnRvnvb, nv°vbx cvewjkvm©, 1988, c„ôv: 29 5. wZbwU †mbv Afz¨Ìvb I wKQz bv ejv K_v; †j. K‡b©j (Ae.) GgG nvwg`, wcGmwm nvIjv`vi cÖKvkbx, 2013, c„ôv: 20 6. GK †Rbv‡i‡ji bxie mv¶¨ : ¯^vaxbZvi cÖ_g `kK; †gRi †Rbv‡ij (Ae.) gBbyj †nv‡mb †PŠayix exiweµg, gvIjv eªv`vm©, †deªæqvwi 2000, c„ôv: 53 7. wZbwU †mbv Afz¨Ìvb I wKQy bv ejv K_v; †j. K‡b©j (Ae.) GgG nvwg` wcGmwm, nvIjv`vi cÖKvkbx, 2013, c„ôv: 21 8. GK †Rbv‡i‡ji bxie mv¶¨ : ¯^vaxbZvi cÖ_g `kK; †gRi †Rbv‡ij (Ae.) gBbyj †nv‡mb †PŠayix exiweµg, gvIjv eªv`vm©, †deªæqvwi 2000, c„ôv: 57 9. Kv‡Q †_‡K †`Lv : 1973-1975; †gRi †Rbv‡ij Gg Lwjjyi ingvb, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, †deªæqvwi 2016, c„ôv: 27 10. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 14 11. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 34 12. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 28 13. wZbwU †mbv Afz¨Ìvb I wKQz bv ejv K_v; †j. K‡b©j (Ae.) GgG nvwg` wcGmwm, nvIjv`vi cÖKvkbx, 2013, c„ôv: 16 14. Kv‡Q †_‡K †`Lv : 1973-1975; †gRi †Rbv‡ij Gg Lwjjyi ingvb, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, †deªæqvwi 2016, c„ôv: 24 15. evsjv‡`k : i‡³i FY; A¨vš’bx g¨vmKvb©nvm, Abyev`: †gvnv¤§` kvnRvnvb, nv°vbx cvewjkvm©, 1988, c„ôv: 38 16. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 39 17. wZbwU †mbv Afz¨Ìvb I wKQz bv ejv K_v; †j. K‡b©j (Ae.) GgG nvwg` wcGmwm, nvIjv`vi cÖKvkbx, 2013, c„ôv: 22 18. Rvm‡`i DÌvb cZb : Aw¯’i mg‡qi ivRbxwZ; gwnDwÏb Avng`, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, 2014, c„ôv: 185



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†Zvjv nq| AZGe wU‡bi †MvqvjNi I `wo`ovi cÖ‡qvRb|4 GKwU m`¨¯^vaxb †`‡ki cybM©V‡b nv‡ji ej`, wU‡bi †MvqvjNi Avi ej` †eu‡a ivLvi Rb¨ `wo`ov †h A_©gš¿xi Kv‡Q AMÖvwaKvi n‡Z cv‡i bv Ges †mUv †h wek¦e¨vs‡Ki †Pqvig¨vb‡K Ac`¯’ Kivi Rb¨B ejv n‡qwQj, †mUv g¨vKbvgviv wbðqB ey‡SwQ‡jb|4 A_P gyw³hy×Kv‡j GB g¨vKbvgviv evsjv‡`‡ki cÖwZ mnvbyf~wZkxj wQ‡jb|1 nq‡Zv †m Rb¨B †h †`kwU Zv‡`i m`m¨B bq, hy×weaŸ¯Í †mB bexb †`kwU wZwb †`L‡Z G‡mwQ‡jb| evsjv‡`‡ki eyw×e„wËK RM‡Z, we‡kl K‡i A_©bxwZ wel‡q †evSvcov ˆZwi n‡Zv wmwcwe Nivbvi eyw×Rxex‡`i wPšÍv †_‡K| Zv‡`i aviYv wQj, we‡`wk wewb‡qvM gv‡bB Lvivc GKUv wKQz| GB we‡`wk wewb‡qvM bv †bqvUvB wQj cÖMwZkxjZv| GB wPšÍvi cÖKvk †`Lv hvq wek¦e¨vs‡Ki cÖav‡bi m‡½ ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii A_©gš¿xi Aev¯Íe I A‡mŠRb¨g~jK AvPi‡Yi †fZi| 1972 mv‡ji gvSvgvwS mg‡q evsjv‡`k wek¦e¨vsK I AvBGgGd-Gi m`m¨c‡`i Rb¨ Av‡e`b Rvbvq Ges 1972-Gi AvM÷ gv‡m m`m¨c` jvf K‡i| m`m¨c` wb‡q Av‡jvPbvi mgq cvwK¯Ívb ˆe‡`wkK FY fvMvfvwM K‡i †bqvi welqwU DÌvcb K‡i| gvwK©b hy³ivóª, Rvg©vwb I d«vÝ wQj e„nr wØc¶xq `vZv| Zviv Zv‡`i e³e¨ e¨vs‡Ki cÖwZ‡e`‡bi m‡½ Ry‡o †`q| G mgq A_©‰bwZK cybM©V‡bi Rb¨ evsjv‡`k AZ¨šÍ D`&MÖxe wQj| ZvB evsjv‡`‡ki f~L‡Ð cvwK¯Ívb Avg‡ji †h me cÖKí Pvjy wQj †m¸‡jv bZzb K‡i Pvjy Kivi Av‡jvPbv ïiæ K‡i| evsjv‡`k Gme cÖK‡íi FY cwi‡kv‡ai `vwqZ¡ ¯^xKvi K‡i †bq| wKQz wKQz †¶‡Î cÖKí FY Aby`v‡b cwiYZ nq| GKB mgq GwU cwi®‹vi K‡i †`qv nq †h, evsjv‡`k †h PjwZ cÖK‡íi `vwqZ¡ ¯^xKvi K‡i wb‡”Q Zvi A_© GB bq †h, evsjv‡`k cvwK¯Ív‡bi F‡Yi `vq fvM K‡i wb‡Z cÖ¯‘Z|5 wKš‘ wek¦e¨vs‡Ki †bZ…‡Z¡ `vZviv wm×všÍ †`q †h, F‡Yi †evSv cvwK¯Ívb GKv enb Ki‡e bv| KviY, ÔcvwK¯Ívb f~LÐ I RbMY c~e© cvwK¯Ívb‡K †`qv F‡Yi Av‡qi GLb Avi fvMx`vi n‡Z cvi‡e bv| cvwK¯Ívb Zvi e„nËi A_©bxwZi Rb¨ FY MÖnY K‡iwQj, GLb †mUv Zvi Aax‡b †bB|Õ6 Gi g‡a¨ cvwK¯Ívb GKZidvfv‡e wm×všÍ †bq †h, 1971 mv‡ji gvP© †_‡K



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wW‡m¤^i ch©šÍ Zvi ˆe‡`wkK F‡Yi Ici hZ †`bv (my`-Avmjmn) evwK Av‡Q, Zv ¯’wMZ _vK‡e|7 hLbB `vZviv fwel¨r A_© mvnvh¨ †`qvi Rb¨ A½xKvie× nq, ZLbB kZ© Ry‡o †`qv nq †h, evsjv‡`k‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi F‡Yi As‡ki `vwqZ¡ wb‡Z n‡e| evsjv‡`k Ggb kZ© †g‡b wb‡Z mivmwi A¯^xK…wZ Rvbvq| wek¦e¨vs‡Ki †bZ…‡Z¡ I civg‡k© FY`vZviv GB bxwZ‡Z AUj _v‡K| evsjv‡`‡ki Ici K‡Vvi Pvc m„wó K‡i| A_©vr fwel¨‡Z FY cÖ`vb bv Kivi Avk¼vi K_v †Zv‡j|7 hy‡× ÿqÿwZ n‡qwQj cÖPzi| †mB ÿqÿwZ KvwU‡q DVvi Rb¨ wecyj wewb‡qv‡Mi cÖ‡qvRb wQj| GK wnmve Abymv‡i hy‡×i ¶q¶wZ ZrKvjxb wnmv‡e 21-23 wewjqb Wjvi e‡j aviYv Kiv nq| Gi g‡a¨ AeKvVv‡gvMZ ÿqÿwZi cwigvY `uvovq 20 wewjqb Wjvi Ges gvbe ÿqÿwZi cwigvY 3 wewjqb Wjvi|8 evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ AwaK A_©‰bwZK mvnv‡h¨i ms¯’vb Ki‡Z ciivóªgš¿x Avãym mvgv` AvRv` c~e© BD‡iv‡ci †`k¸‡jv mdi K‡ib| GB mg‡q hy‡Mv¯øvwfqv, nv‡½wi, †cvj¨vÛ, c~e© Rvg©vwb, iægvwbqv I eyj‡Mwiqv evsjv‡`‡ki hy×weaŸ¯Í A_©bxwZ cybM©V‡b mnvqZv`v‡bi cÖwZkÖæwZ †`q| mgvRZvwš¿K †`k †_‡K mvnvh¨ †bqvi miKvwi bxwZ ¯’vbxq msev` gva¨‡g cÖkswmZ n‡q‡Q| Ôˆ`wbK evsjvÕi m¤úv`Kxq‡Z ejv nq, Ômvnvh¨ Avm‡j `vmZ¡-k„•L‡ji bvgvšÍi| †h mvnvh¨ ïay ciwbf©ikxjZvB evwo‡q †Zv‡j, †m mvnvh¨ Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq| Avgiv †h mvnvh¨ PvB, Zv n‡e kZ©nxb, mgvRZvwš¿K A_©bxwZ MV‡bi c‡¶ mnvqK|Õ cÖvq GKB iKg e³e¨ cvIqv hvq Ôˆ`wbK msev`Õ-Gi m¤úv`Kxq‡Z| Ôwe‡`wk mvnv‡h¨I PwiÎ wePviÕ kxl©K m¤úv`Kxq‡Z gyw³hy‡×i we‡ivwaZvKvix gvwK©b hy³ivóªmn Ab¨vb¨ cyuwRev`x †`‡ki mvnvh¨ †bqv Avgv‡`i †`‡ki Rb¨ Kj¨vYKi n‡e bv e‡j gšÍe¨ Kiv nq| G‡Z Av‡iv ejv nq, ¯^vaxbZvi c‡i Giv (mgvRZvwš¿K †`k) n‡q‡Q Avgv‡`i A_©‰bwZK cybe©vm‡bi mnvqK| myZivs Gw`K †_‡K †h we‡`wk mvnv‡h¨i avivq Avgiv kwiK n‡qwQ, †mUv Avgv‡`i RvZxq j‡¶¨i AbyK~j|9 ev¯Í‡e gyw³hy× cieZ©x mg‡q †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqbmn c~e© BD‡iv‡ci mgvRZvwš¿K †`k¸‡jvi KvQ †_‡K evsjv‡`k mvnv‡h¨i wel‡q wVKg‡Zv mvov †cj bv| hw`I ivR‰bwZK mym¤ú‡K©i cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z mgvRZš¿x



†`k¸‡jvi Kv‡QB evsjv‡`k cÖ_g Avw_©K mvnv‡h¨i Av‡e`b K‡i| Dcgnv‡`‡ki evB‡i cÖ_‡g †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb mdi K‡ib †kL gywRe 1972 mv‡ji †deªæqvwi‡Z| cY¨ mvnv‡h¨i wekvj ZvwjKv †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb‡K w`‡jI †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb †_‡K cY¨ msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ evsjv‡`k †QvU Aby`vb cvq| GB md‡i †kL gywR‡ei eo AR©b n‡jv PÆMÖvg e›`i‡K gvBbgy³ Ki‡Z †mvwf‡qZ †cÖwm‡W›U wjIwb` †eªR&‡b‡fi cÖwZkÖæwZ jvf|10 mœvqyhy‡×i †cÖ¶vc‡U Dcgnv‡`‡ki ivRbxwZ‡Z gvwK©b hy³ivóªmn cyuwRev`x †`k¸‡jvi Kv‡Q cvwK¯ÍvbB wQj wek¦¯Í eÜz| wKš‘ evsjv‡`‡ki Afz¨`‡q †mB cvwK¯Ívb ¯^vfvweK Kvi‡YB `ye©j n‡q c‡o‡Q| Dcgnv‡`‡ki cwiewZ©Z kw³ mv‡g¨i cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z fvi‡Zi wecix‡Z cvwK¯Ívb †hb Av‡iv `ye©j n‡q bv c‡o, †mB wel‡q cwðgv †`k¸‡jv m‡Pó wQj| †h Kvi‡Y `vZv‡`iI m`¨¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki e`‡j e¨vcK mnvbyf~wZ wQj cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖwZ|11



wZb m`¨¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki cybM©V‡b ÔeÜyÕ iv󪸇jvi KvQ †_‡K cvIqv mvnvh¨mn‡hvwMZvI wQj Aby‡jøL¨| fviZ ¯^vaxbZv cieZ©x cÖ_g cvuP eQ‡i evsjv‡`k‡K FY I Aby`vb mnvqZvi cÖwZkÖæwZ w`‡qwQj 311 wgwjqb Wjvi| hvi g‡a¨ ev¯Í‡e Qvo Kiv m¤¢e n‡qwQj 275 wgwjqb Wjvi| GB Qv‡oi g‡a¨ Aby`vb wQj gvÎ 69 wgwjqb Wjvi| Ab¨w`‡K GKB mgq hy³ivóª FY I Aby`vb mnvqZvi cÖwZkÖæwZ †`q 763 wgwjqb Wjvi| Qvo K‡i 688 wgwjqb Wjvi| GKB mgq †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi Zid †_‡K cÖwZkÖæwZ wQj 207 wgwjqb Wjv‡ii| cvIqv †M‡Q 119 wgwjqb Wjvi Ges Gi g‡a¨ Aby`vb wQj gvÎ 30 wgwjqb Wjvi| j¶¨Yxq, fviZ ¯^vaxbZv cieZ©x cÖ_g cuvP eQi evsjv‡`‡ki me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© eÜz iv‡óªi Ae¯’v‡b _vK‡jI Ges †m mgq evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ me ai‡bi mvnvh¨-mnvqZv Riæwi n‡jI fvi‡Zi KvQ †_‡K evsjv‡`k †h FY I Aby`vb mnvqZv †c‡q‡Q Zv hy³ivóª †_‡K cÖvß mnvqZvi 40 kZvsk| GKB mg‡q evsjv‡`‡ki wØZxq ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wgÎ †mB mgqKvi Ab¨Zg wek¦kw³ †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi KvQ †_‡K evsjv‡`k †h mnvqZv 232 233



wPÎ-K_b: 16 wW‡m¤^i 1972 weR‡qi cÖ_g evwl©Kx Dcj‡¶ Qvcv‡bv ¯§viK WvKwU‡KU| ¯^vaxb †`‡k knx‡`i AvZ¥Z¨v‡Mi wewbg‡q †mB Z¨v‡Mi mgvwa‡Z GK bZyb wicvewj‡Ki dzj dzU‡e †mUvB wQ‡jv mK‡ji AvKv•Lv| †mB AvKv•Lv †`‡ki me †¶‡ÎB gyZ© n‡q DVwQ‡jv| d‡Uv †µwWU: msM„nxZ



cvq, Zv hy³ivóª cÖ`Ë mnvqZvi 17 kZvsk gvÎ|12 m`¨¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki †bZviv hLb we‡`‡k mvnv‡h¨i Rb¨ nvZ cvZ‡Z †h‡Zb, †mB mgq Zv‡`i wejvm-e¨vmb Ab¨vb¨ †`‡ki ivR‰bwZK †bZv‡`i we¯§q D‡`ªK Ki‡Zv| G cÖm‡½ wm½vcy‡ii Awemsevw`Z †bZv wj Kzqvb BD Zvi AvZ¥Rxebx‡Z 1973 mv‡j A‡Uvqvq KgbI‡qj&_ Kbdv‡i‡Ý †kL gywR‡ei AskMÖnY m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z wM‡q wj‡LwQ‡jb, ÔwZwb Zvi we‡kl Vv‡U wb‡Ri †cø‡b †P‡c G‡jb| Avwg hLb A‡Uvqv‡Z j¨vÛ Kijvg, ZLb †`Ljvg evsjv‡`‡ki g‡bvMÖvg Aw¼Z GKUv †evwqs-707 Uvigv‡K `uvwo‡q Av‡Q| Avwg hLb †diZ Gjvg, †`Ljvg †mB GKB RvqMvq †cøbUv `uvwo‡q Av‡Q| MZ AvU w`b a‡i †cøbUv Vvq Gfv‡eB †Kv‡bv wKQz Avq bv K‡i Ajm mgq KvwU‡q w`‡jv| Avwg hLb †nv‡Uj QvowQjvg ZLb `yÕ‡Uv wekvj f¨v‡b K‡i wRwbmcÎ evsjv‡`‡ki wegv‡b Zz‡j †`qvi Rb¨ wb‡q hvIqv nw”Qj| me‡P‡q gRvi welq n‡”Q, †kL gywRe †mB Kb&dv‡i‡Ý mevi Kv‡Q mvnv‡h¨i Rb¨ Av‡e`b Rvwb‡q e³e¨ w`‡qwQ‡jb|Õ13 Rvg©vb mvsevw`K Kv‡j©vm weW&g¨vb Zvi GKwU cÖwZ‡e`‡b D‡jøL K‡ib, Ôevsjv‡`‡ki R‡b¥i ci †_‡K 1973 mv‡ji †kl bvMv` evsjv‡`k GK nvRvi †KvwU UvKvi Ici we‡`wk mvnvh¨ †c‡q‡Q| †Kv‡bv Dbœqbkxj †`k GZ Aí mg‡q GZ AwaK we‡`wk mvnvh¨ cvqwb| ZviciI †`‡ki cÖavb cÖavb mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ †Zgb D‡`¨vM †bqv nqwb| †`‡k eû †eKvi i‡q‡Q Ges Ggb †jvK i‡q‡Q hviv Dchy³Zvi †P‡q wbPz gv‡bi KvR Ki‡Q| ¯^vej¤^bB †kÖô Aej¤^bÑ GB cÖev` Avi G‡`‡k Kv‡iv g‡b `vM Kv‡U bv, GLv‡b ÿgZvmxb `‡ji †bZviv wb‡R‡`i Av‡Li †MvQv‡Z e¨¯Í| evsjv‡`‡k RvwZmsN ÎvY ZrciZvi GKKvjxb cÖavb Uwb n¨v‡Mb Zvi AwfÁZv eY©bv K‡i e‡jb: wkïLv‡`¨i GK-mßgvsk I cÖwZ 13wUi g‡a¨ 1wU K¤^j Dchy³‡`i nv‡Z †cuŠQvq bv| †ewki fvM wRwbm nq Kv‡jvevRv‡i P‡j hvq A_ev †PvivPvjvb n‡q fvi‡Z P‡j hvq| cÎcwÎKvq Gme e¨vcv‡i †jLv‡jwL n‡jI Ae¯’vi †Zgb †Kvb DbœwZ nqwb| GKevi wegv‡b K‡i eb¨vZ©‡`i Rb¨ ¸u‡ov `ya G‡jv| †hw`b ¸u‡ov `ya¸‡jv XvKv wegvbe›`‡i †cuŠQ‡jv Zvi ciw`b ivRavbxi GK †nv‡Uj g¨v‡bRvi `ya wKb‡Z evRv‡i †jvK cvVv‡jv| evRv‡i ni`g m`¨ Avmv `ya wewµ n‡”Q|Õ14



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1972-Gi gvP© gv‡m fvi‡Zi m‡½ evsjv‡`‡ki ivóªxq ch©v‡q evwYR¨ Pzw³ wb‡q cÖ_g Av‡jvPbv n‡qwQj| evsjv‡`‡ki ißvwb-MšÍ‡e¨i cwiwa ZLb Lye mxwgZ| cvwK¯Ív‡b Zvi evRvi Aejyß| evsjv‡`k ZvB Lye Avkv K‡i wQj †h, GB evwYR¨ Pyw³ hy×weaŸ¯Í †`‡ki cybM©V‡b mnvqK n‡e| Av‡jvPbvi ïiæ‡ZB evsjv‡`‡ki KwZcq cÖ¯Íve‡K fviZxq `j ÔAm¤¢e Ges MÖnY‡hvM¨ bqÕ e‡j cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i| Gi GKwU wQj cvi¯úwiK ïé myweav Ges Av‡iKwU wQj †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv c‡Y¨i `vg wba©viY mieivn I cwien‡bi LiPwfwËK Kiv| evsjv‡`‡k ZLb R¡vjvwb Ges aŸsmcÖvß evwoNi I iv¯Ív BZ¨vw` wbg©vYKv‡R BU ˆZwi‡Z cÖPzi Kqjvi cÖ‡qvRb wQj| evsjv‡`‡ki Avkv wQj, wbKUeZ©x fviZxq Kqjv Lwbmg„× AÂj †_‡K nq‡Zv ¯^í cwienb Li‡P AvšÍR©vwZK evRv‡ii PvB‡Z Kg `v‡g Kqjv Avg`vwb Kiv hv‡e| wKš‘ fviZ †gvU `vg AvšÍR©vwZK g~‡j¨i wb‡P bvgv‡Z ivwR n‡jv bv| Av‡iv K‡qKwU e¨vcv‡i myweav cvIqv †Zv `~‡ii K_v, mvaviY Av‡jvPbv‡ZI gZvšÍi n‡jv| evsjv‡`‡ki c¶ †_‡K †bcv‡ji m‡½ evwYR¨ e„w×i j‡ÿ¨ ÔUªvbwRU myweavÕ PvB‡Z †M‡j †mB cÖ¯Íve ZLbB cÖZ¨vL¨vb Kiv nq| A_P GB mfv‡ZB evsjv‡`‡ki g‡a¨ w`‡q fvi‡Zi GK AÂj †_‡K Ab¨ A‡j hveZxq cY¨ cwien‡bi Rb¨ Zviv ÔU«vbwRUÕ Pzw³i Rb¨ ZLb Pvc m„wó K‡i| evsjv‡`k `j †mB Av‡jvPbvq `„pfv‡eB Zv‡`i gZvgZ e¨³ K‡i| fviZ m¤¢eZ Zv cQ›` K‡iwb| evB‡i †kvbv †Mj †h, GB Av‡jvPbvq evsjv‡`k c‡¶i cÖavb evwYR¨mwPe jyrdi ingvb‡K mwi‡q †`qv n‡e| wKQy w`‡bi †fZ‡iB Svby, bxwZwbô I †`k‡cÖgx evwYR¨mwPe Gg jyrdi ingvb e`wj n‡q †M‡jb|15



m~Î: 1. evsjv‡`k : RvwZ MVbKv‡j GK A_©bxwZwe‡`i wKQz K_v; byiæj Bmjvg, w` BDwbfvwm©wU †cÖm wjwg‡UW, 2007, c„ôv: 127 2. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 128 3. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 129 4. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 130 5. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 164 6. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 165 7. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 166 8. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 172



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9. evsjv‡`k fviZ m¤úK©; †gvnv¤§` †mwjg, evsjv GKv‡Wwg, Ryb 2009, c„ôv: 202 10. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 205 11. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 204 12. Flow of External Resources, Economic Relations Division, MOF, GOB, Dhaka, 22 Jan. 2013, Page: 94, 109, 114. 13. Ring for the Butler - Ministers and civil servants in India cling to symbols of rank; By Sunanda k. Datta-Ray, Published 3.11.07 14. MYKÉ; 26 A‡±vei, 1974 15. fvebvq evsjv‡`k; Bbvg Avn‡g` †PŠayix, nvwm cÖKvkbx, †g 2009, c„ôv: 21-22



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cvwK¯Ívb †dŠR`vwi Aciv‡ai `v‡q hy×ew›`‡`i wePvi Kivi e¨vcv‡i evsjv‡`‡ki `vwe †Kv‡bv Ae¯’v‡ZB †g‡b bv †bqvi K_v Rvbvq| cvwK¯Ívb miKvi hyw³ cÖ`k©b K‡i †h, †h‡nZz `v‡qiK…Z Awf‡hvM cvwK¯Ív‡bi GKwU As‡k msNwUZ n‡q‡Q Ges cvwK¯Ívwb bvMwiKiv GB Aciva K‡i‡Qb e‡j Awf‡hvM Kiv n‡q‡Q, †m‡nZz AvšÍR©vwZK AvB‡bi ¯^xK…Z avive‡j †KejgvÎ cvwK¯Ív‡b MwVZ GKwU h_v‡hvM¨ UªvBey¨bvj Gi wePvi Ki‡Z cv‡i| G e¨vcv‡i A‡b¨i nv‡Z GB KZ©…Z¡ †Q‡o †`qvi A_© n‡e cvwK¯Ív‡bi mve©‡fŠg‡Z¡i IciB AvNvZ nvbv| G‡Z Acivax e¨w³‡`i wePvi Kivi Rb¨ cvwK¯Ívb miKvi h_vh_ wePvi wefvMxq UªvBey¨bvj MV‡b cÖ¯‘Z i‡q‡Q e‡jI ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`qv nq|15 ïay Zv-B bq, evsjv‡`‡ki cÖwZ ûgwK cÖ`k©b K‡i ejv nq, XvKv hw` 195 Rb hy×ew›`i wePv‡ii D‡`¨vM †bq, Zvn‡j Zv ïay kvwšÍ I †mŠnv‡`©¨i cwi‡ek‡KB `~wlZ K‡i Zzj‡e bv eis cvwK¯Ívb miKvi cvwK¯Ív‡b AvUK evsjv‡`wk‡`i weiæ‡× aŸsmg~jK ZrciZv, ¸ßPie„wË I wek¦vmNvZKZvi Awf‡hv‡M e¨e¯’v †bqvi e¨vcv‡i †h mwnòzZv I ˆah© cÖ`k©b K‡i Avm‡Q, †m ˆah© eRvq ivLvI KwVb n‡q `uvov‡e|15 Gw`‡K, evsjv‡`k G mg‡q 195 Rb cvwK¯Ívwb hy×ew›`i wePv‡ii cÖZ¨q Ae¨vnZ †i‡L Awfhy³‡`i weiæ‡× mv¶¨-cÖgvY †RvMvo KiwQj| evsjv‡`k e‡jwQj, cÖwZwnsmvi Rb¨ bq, mywePv‡ii ¯^v‡_©B evsjv‡`‡ki gvwU‡Z 195 Rb cvwK¯Ívwb hy×ew›`i wePvi nIqv cÖ‡qvRb|16 fviZ KZ©…K evsjv‡`‡k hy×ew›` n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii AvbyôvwbKZvi KvRI GwM‡q wbw”Qj| cvwK¯Ívwb hy×ew›`‡`i wePvi Kivi Rb¨ GKwU AvBbI RvZxq msm‡` DÌvc‡bi Rb¨ cÖYqb Kiv nq| G cÖ¯‘wZ P~ovšÍ ch©v‡q †cuŠQ‡j Ges evsjv‡`‡ki K‡Vvi g‡bvfve Abyaveb K‡i fz‡Æv †kl ch©šÍ evsjv‡`k‡K ¯^xK…wZ cÖ`v‡bi Bmy¨wU cvwK¯Ív‡bi RvZxq msm‡` †ck K‡ib Ges cvwK¯Ív‡bi ¯^v‡_© AwZmË¡i welqwU wb®úwËi cÖ¯Íve †`b|15 1973 mv‡ji RyjvB gv‡m evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡b ms‡kvabx G‡b hy× I gvbeZvwe‡ivax Aciv‡ai cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z hy×vcivax‡`i AvUK, wePvi I `Ðv‡`k cÖ`v‡bi KwZcq ¶gZv miKv‡ii nv‡Z cÖ`vb Kiv nq| Gi GK mßv‡niI Kg mg‡qi g‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq msm‡` 195 Rb hy×vcivaxi wePvi Kivi Rb¨ AvšÍR©vwZK Aciva UªvBey¨bvj wej †ck Kiv nq|15



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Avj‡Rixq ivóªcwZ ûqvwi ey‡gw`‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ GKwU cÖwZwbwa`j †kL gywRe‡K m‡½ K‡i wb‡q hvevi Rb¨ XvKvq Av‡mb| Avj‡Rixq ivóªcwZi †mB wegvbB †kL gywRe I Zvi cÖwZwbwa`j‡K enb K‡i HwZnvwmK Awfhv‡b jv‡nvi †cuŠQ‡j fz‡Æv †kL gywRe‡K †mLv‡b Dò Af¨_©bv Rvbvb| GB NUbv AmsL¨ fviZevmxi g‡b weiw³ m„wó Ki‡jI †m gyn~‡Z© Zv‡`i Kivi wKQzB wQj bv|18 IAvBwm m‡¤§jb †_‡K wd‡i G‡m 1974 mv‡ji gvP© gv‡m fvi‡Zi Ô†÷U&m&g¨vbÕ cwÎKv‡K †kL gywRe mv¶vrKvi †`b| mv¶vrKv‡i IAvBwm m‡¤§jbKv‡j Zvi cÖwZ cvwK¯Ívb miKvi we‡kl K‡i fz‡Ævi AvwZ‡_qZvi K_v ej‡Z wM‡q gywRe Av‡eMcÖeY n‡q I‡Vb| wZwb e‡jb, ÔRbM‡Yi DwPZ cvwK¯Ív‡bi wZ³ AwfÁZv, we‡kl K‡i 1971 mv‡ji AwfÁZv fz‡j hvIqv|Õ jv‡nv‡i m‡¤§jbKv‡j fz‡Æv‡K †kL gywRe ÔAvgvi cyi‡bv eÜzÕ e‡j Avwj½b K‡ib Ges Zvi Mv‡j Pzgy Lvb|20 1974-Gi 5-9 GwcÖj evsjv‡`k-fviZ-cvwK¯Ív‡bi ciivóªgš¿x‡`i wÎc¶xq ˆeVK AbywôZ nq| †mB ˆeV‡K evsjv‡`‡ki cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡ib gywRe miKv‡ii ciivóªgš¿x W. Kvgvj †nv‡mb| ˆeV‡Ki Ab¨Zg cÖavb Av‡jvP¨ welq wQj 195 Rb hy×vcivaxi wePvi| G‡Z cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖwZi¶v I ciivóª cÖwZgš¿x e‡jb, Ô†Kv‡bv Aciva msNwUZ n‡q _vK‡j (Avgvi) miKvi Zvi wb›`v Ávcb Ges Mfxi `ytL cÖKvk Ki‡Q|Õ Gw`‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖavbgš¿x RyjwdKvi Avjx fz‡ÆvI e‡jb, ÔwgUgvU Z¡ivwš^Z Kivi Rb¨ AZx‡Zi mg¯Í fzj ¶gv K‡i w`b Ges fz‡j hvbÕ|18 GB `yB e³‡e¨i cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z evsjv‡`k miKvi wm×všÍ †bq Ô¶gvkxjZvi wb`k©b¯^iƒc GB wePvi cÖwµqvq Zviv Avi AMÖmi n‡e bvÕ| †`‡k wd‡i 11 GwcÖj 1974 mv‡j W. Kvgvj †nv‡mb e‡jb, Ôevsjv‡`‡k cvwK¯Ívb †h Aciva K‡i‡Q Zv cÖwZôv Kiv, cvwK¯Ívb KZ©…K Zvi me Aciva‡K ¯^xKvi Kiv‡bv I evsjv‡`‡ki wePvi Abyôv‡bi mvg_©¨ cÖwZôv KivB wQj cÖ¯ÍvweZ hy×vcivax wePv‡ii gyL¨ D‡Ïk¨| eZ©gvb †¶‡ÎI cvwK¯Ívb Zvi Aciva ¯^xKvi I ¶gv cÖv_©bv Kivq GB j¶¨ AR©b Kiv †M‡Q|Õ W. Kvgvj †nv‡m‡bi GB e³e¨ ciw`b Ôˆ`wbK evsjvÕq cÖKvwkZ nq|21 Gici evsjv‡`‡ki c¶ †_‡K 195 Rb hy×civaxi wePv‡ii wm×všÍwU AvbyôvwbKfv‡e cÖZ¨vnvi Kiv nq|18



wPÎ-K_b: fy‡Æv 1971 Gi ee©iZvi Rb¨ evsjv‡`‡k G‡m ¶gv cÖv_©bv Ki‡j ciw`b wbDBqK© UvBgm Zv cwÎKvi †nWjvBb K‡i| d‡Uv †µwWU: wbDBqK© UvBgm



Gi c‡i 1974 mv‡ji 1 A‡±vei IqvwksU‡b †kL gywR‡ei m‡½ gvwK©b †cÖwm‡W›U †Rivì †dv‡W©i AvbyôvwbK ˆeV‡Ki mg‡q †kL gywRe †dvW©‡K e‡jb, ÔAvgiv cvwK¯Ívwb ew›`‡`i †Q‡o w`‡qwQ, hvi g‡a¨ 195 Rb hy×vcivax wQjÕ|22 GB ¯^ímsL¨K hy×vcivaxi †¶‡ÎI evsjv‡`k miKvi mv¶¨-cÖgvY msMÖn wKsev gvgjvi bw_cÎ cÖ¯‘wZi e¨vcv‡i †Zgb Zrci wQj bv| †kL gywReyi 248 249



ingvb G e¨vcv‡i fviZxq cÖavbgš¿xi we‡kl `~Z nvKmvi‡K e‡jwQ‡jb, mv¶¨-cÖgvY msMÖ‡n Amyweavi Kvi‡Y wZwb hy×vcivax‡`i wePvi wel‡q kw³ I mgq bó Ki‡Z Pvb bv| nq‡Zv †Kv‡bv `xN©‡gqvw` †KŠk‡ji K_v †f‡eB gywRe G ai‡bi GKwU weZwK©Z wm×všÍ †bqvi c‡_ PvwjZ n‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb Ggb wKQy Ki‡Z Pvbwb, hv‡Z cvwK¯Ívbmn Ab¨vb¨ gymwjg †`k evsjv‡`k‡K ¯^xK…wZ cÖ`v‡b evavcÖvß nq|23 Bmjvgx kxl© m‡¤§j‡b †hvM`vb Ges AvšÍR©vwZK ej‡q bZzb cwiwPwZ AR©‡bi K_v ev` w`‡j AvIqvgx jxM hy×ew›`‡`i e¨vcv‡i Zvi cÖZ¨q eRvq ivL‡Z Pigfv‡e e¨_© nq|24 fz‡Æv hv †P‡qwQ‡jb, Ae‡k‡l wZwb Zv-B †c‡q‡Qb| mg¯Í hy×ew›`‡K wZwb †diZ wb‡q‡Qb| fvi‡Zi Amš‘wói gy‡L evsjv‡`k‡K †U‡b wb‡q †M‡Qb Bmjvgx kxl© m‡¤§j‡b| wb‡Ri B”Qvbyhvqx mg‡q evsjv‡`k‡K ¯^xK…wZ w`‡q‡Qb| †Kv‡bv Avcm bv K‡i hy×vcivax‡`i wePvi evwZj K‡i‡Qb Ges me©‡k‡l wePvi evwZ‡ji m‡½ `i`vg K‡i evsjv‡`k‡K ¯^xK…wZ w`‡q‡Qb| m‡e©vcwi, ÔcvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖwZ AvbyMZ¨ cÖ`k©bKvix AevOvwjÕ‡`i `vqfviI wZwb enb K‡ibwb|25 †kl ch©šÍ `yB c‡¶ mg‡SvZv ¯’vc‡bi ci †`Lv †Mj, mg¯Í K…wZ‡Z¡i fvM wb‡q‡Q fviZ miKvi| cvwK¯Ívb AR©b K‡i‡Q GK e¨vcK ivR‰bwZK weRq Ges evsjv‡`k †KejgvÎ evn&ev Qvov Avi wKQzB cvqwb|24



cuvP 1974 Gi Ryb| †kL gywR‡ei Avgš¿‡Y cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖavbgš¿x fy‡Æv XvKvq G‡m‡Qb| wegvbe›`i †_‡K †nv‡U‡j hvevi c‡_ mevB‡K AevK K‡i w`‡q wKQy DjøwmZ gvbyl fyƇK ¯^vMZ Rvbvq| RvwZq ¯§…wZ †mŠ‡a fyÆ dyj w`‡Z †M‡j †mLv‡b wKQy gvbyl ÒLywb fy‡Æv wd‡i hvIÓ †køvMvb w`‡Z _v‡K| wKš‘ ivwóªqfv‡e fy‡Æv‡K XvKvq Dò Af¨_©bv †`qv nq| fy‡Ævi m¤§v‡b iv‡Z ivwó«q †fvRmfvi Av‡qvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Dcw¯’Z Av‡Qb ¯^qs †kL gywRe I gš¿x cwil‡`i Ab¨vb¨ m`m¨| fy‡Æv wWbv‡ii Av‡M e³…Zv w`‡Z DV‡jb| kvšÍfv‡e ej‡Z ïiæ Ki‡jb| ÒAvcbv‡`i



Dc‡i ¯^v_©ci Awe‡ePK mvgwiK KZ©…Z¡ j¾vRbK `gbcxob I AK_¨ Aciva K‡i‡Q| Avwg cvwK¯Ív‡bi RbM‡bi c¶ †_‡K evsjv‡`‡ki RbM‡bi Rb¨ ï‡f”Qv e‡q G‡bwQ| Avgv‡`i `qv K‡i Zv‡`i (Bqvwnqv Lvb) mv‡_ GK K‡i †`L‡eb bv, hviv ïay Avcbv‡`i bq Avgv‡`i Dc‡iI ZLb kvmb Ki‡Zv| Avgiv Avcbv‡`i †e`bv, Kó‡K AšÍi w`‡q Abyfe Kwi| Avcbv‡`i ¶wZi Rb¨ AvšÍwiKfv‡e `ytL cÖKvk KiwQ| Avgv‡`i †kl bexi bvg wb‡q Avwg Avcbv‡`i Kv‡Q ej‡Z PvB, Avgiv Avgv‡`i K…ZK‡g©i Rb¨ AbyZß (ZIev KiwQ)|Ó Dcw¯’Z evsjv‡`‡ki KZ©ve¨w³‡`i A‡b‡KB Av‡eMZvwoZ n‡q †PvL gyQ‡Z _v‡Kb| fy‡Æv Zvi ivó«bvq‡KvwPZ e³‡e¨ Gfv‡eB 1971 Gi cvwK¯Ívwb evwnbxi ee©iZvi Rb¨ AvbyôvwbKfv‡e ¶gv Pvq| fy‡Ævi c‡i †kL gywRe e³…Zv w`‡Z D‡V †kL gywRe fy‡Ævi mv‡_ myi wgwj‡q e‡jb, ÒAvmyb Avgiv AZx‡Zi wZ³Zv Ges kÎyZv fy‡j hvB Ges Avgv‡`i RbM‡bi Rb¨ Avkv I mg„w×i bZzb Aa¨vq ïiæ Kwi|Ó m½Z Kvi‡YB fviZ fy‡Ævi GB mdi‡K fv‡jvfv‡e †bqwb|26



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m~Î: 1. evsjv‡`k : †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi kvmbKvj; gI`y` Avng`, RMjyj Avjg Ab~w`Z, BDwcGj, †deªæqvwi 2016, c„ôv: 237 2. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 251 3. evsjv‡`k AeRvifvi; 8 RyjvB 1973 4. evsjv‡`k : †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi kvmbKvj; gI`y` Avng`, RMjyj Avjg Ab~w`Z, BDwcGj, †deªæqvwi 2016, c„ôv: 252 5. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 255 6. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 253 7. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 254 8. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 263 9. evsjv‡`k fviZ m¤úK©; †gvnv¤§` †mwjg, evsjv GKv‡Wwg, Ryb 2009, c„ôv: 101 10. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 103 11. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 203 12. evsjv‡`k : †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi kvmbKvj; gI`y` Avng`, RMjyj Avjg Ab~w`Z, BDwcGj, †deªæqvwi 2016, c„ôv: 258 13. evsjv‡`k AeRvifvi; 6 RyjvB 1973 14. evsjv‡`k fviZ m¤úK©; †gvnv¤§` †mwjg, evsjv GKv‡Wwg, Ryb 2009, c„ôv: 99 15. evsjv‡`k : †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi kvmbKvj; gI`y` Avng`, RMjyj Avjg Ab~w`Z, BDwcGj, †deªæqvwi 2016, c„ôv: 260 16. evsjv‡`k AeRvifvi; XvKv, 24 Rvbyqvwi 1973 17. evsjv‡`k : †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi kvmbKvj; gI`y` Avng`, RMjyj Avjg Ab~w`Z, BDwcGj, †deªæqvwi 2016, c„ôv: 264 18. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 265 19. evsjv‡`k fviZ m¤úK©; †gvnv¤§` †mwjg, evsjv GKv‡Wwg, Ryb 2009, c„ôv: 106 20. e`iæÏxb Igi, GKvˇii hy×vcivax wePvi cÖm‡½ RvZxq gyw³ KvDwÝj †K›`ªxq wbe©vnx cwil` KZ©…K cÖKvwkZ, 2010, XvKv, c„ôv: 3-4 21. evsjv‡`k fviZ m¤úK©; †gvnv¤§v` †mwjg, evsjv GKv‡Wwg, Ryb 2009, c„ôv: 104-105| 22. Ford Library, National Security Adviser, NSC Files, Memoranda of Conversations, Ford Administration, Box 6, October-December 1974. Secret; Nodis. Secretary of State ROGERS had recommended inviting Mujib the previous June, but Kissinger and Scowcroft delayed until after Pakistani President Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto’s meeting with Nixon that September. (National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 591, Country Files, Middle East, Bangladesh, Volume 1) Prime Minister Mujibur Rahman and President Gerald Ford discussed U.S.-Bangladeshi relations. 23. gvbeZvwe‡ivax Aciv‡ai wePvi; gynv¤§` nvweeyi ingvb, cÖ_g Av‡jv, 15 wW‡m¤^i 2012 24. evsjv‡`k : †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi kvmbKvj; gI`y` Avng`, RMjyj Avjg Ab~w`Z, BDwcGj, †deªæqvwi 2016, c„ôv: 266 25. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 267 26. `¨ wbD BqK© UvBgm Bhutto Regrets ‘Crimes’ in Bangladesh By Kasturi Rangan Special to The New York Times, June 29, 1974; `¨ wbD BqK© UvBgm BHUTTO TALKING WITH BANGLADESH, June 28, 1974



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GMv‡iv Aa¨vq



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RvZxq Aa¨vcK Avãyi iv¾vK 1972 mv‡j †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi Kv‡Q wM‡qwQ‡jb XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi bvbvwea mgm¨v wb‡q K_v ejvi Rb¨| †mB w`‡bi AwfÁZv I gšÍe¨ Avng` Qdvi mv‡_ AvjvcPvwiZvq wZwb e‡jwQ‡jb, Ô†m‡fw›U Uz-‡Z GKevi BDwbfvwm©wUi Kv‡R Zvi j‡M †`Lv Ki‡Z †MwQjvg| †kL mv‡ne Rxe‡b A‡bK gvby‡li mv‡_ wgk‡Qb †Zv, Av`e-†jnvR AvwQj Lye fvjv| A‡bK LvwZi Ki‡jb| K_vq K_vq Avwg wRMvBjvg, Avcbvi nv‡Z †Zv ALb †`k PvjvBevi fvi, Avc‡b AcwRk‡bi Kx Ki‡eb? AcwRkb Qvov †`k PvjvB‡eb †Kg‡b? RInijvj †b‡niæ ¶gZvq eBm¨vB Rq cÖKvk bvivqY‡i KB‡jb, †Zvgiv AcwRkb cvwU© MBov



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wPÎ-K_b: gvP© 7 Zvwi‡Li Avmbœ RvZxq wbe©vPb msµvšÍ mvsevw`K‡`i GK cÖ‡kœi nv‡m¨v¾¡j Rev‡e Rbve †kL gywReyi ingvb| 2 †deªæqvix, 1973 Gi msev` m‡¤§j‡b| GB Qwe †_‡KB cieZ©x‡Z AvIqvgx jxM gywRe e‡l©i †jv‡Mv evbvq| d‡Uv: msM„nxZ



wPÎ-K_b: m~Pbv‡ZB gvi †Lj MYZš¿ c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi ¯^vwaKvi-¯^vqËkvm‡bi `vwe‡Z `xN© MYAv‡›`vj‡bi gy‡L ÿgZv †_‡K m‡i `uvwo‡qwQ‡jb cvwK¯Ív‡bi Ô†jŠngvbeÕ MYZ‡š¿i aŸRvavix ˆ¯^ikvmK AvBqye Lvb| Z‡e `vwqZ¡ w`‡q †M‡jb mvgwiK miKv‡ii nv‡Z| GB mvgwiK miKv‡ii Aax‡b cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivóªxq msnwZ AUzU I AÿzYœ ivLvi j‡ÿ¨ b¨vkbvj †d«gIqvK© GwMÖ‡g›U bvgK Pzw³‡Z ¯^vÿi K‡iB Av‡iv me ivR‰bwZK `‡ji g‡Zv Õ70-Gi mvaviY wbe©vP‡b Ask wb‡qwQ‡jb †kL gywReyi ingvb I Zuvi †bZ…Z¡vaxb AvIqvgx jxM| †mB wbe©vP‡b cvwK¯Ív‡bi RvZxq cwil‡` msL¨vMwiô Avmb cvIqv m‡Ë¡I kvmK‡Mvôx AvIqvgx jx‡Mi nv‡Z ivóªÿgZv n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii Awb”Qv †_‡K bvbv Zvjevnvbv ïiæ K‡i; hvi P~ovšÍ cwiYwZ‡Z N‡U ¯^vaxbZv hy×Ñ kZvãxi Icv‡i hvi m~Pbv K‡iwQ‡jb kwn` wZZzgxiÑ Ges GiB djkÖæwZ‡Z gvÎ PweŸk eQi Av‡M cÖavbZ evOvwj‡`iB nv‡Z m„ó cvwK¯Ívb bvgK ivóª †f‡O wM‡q ˆZwi n‡jv bZzb ivóªÑ evsjv‡`k| wKš‘ m`¨¯^vaxb iv‡óª †h RbcÖwZwbwaZ¡ Ges RbcÖwZwbwa‡`i cvIqv †Mj Zviv †Zv mevB cvwK¯Ív‡bi bxwZgvjvi Aax‡b cvwK¯Ívb kvmb I cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ Iqv`ve×! cvwK¯Ív‡bi HK¨ I msnwZ iÿvq A½xKvie×! RvZxq I cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡`i wbe©vwPZ GB m`m¨‡`i wb‡qB MVb Kiv n‡jv ÔMYcwil`Õ; cÖK…Zc‡ÿ hv †gv‡UB †Kv‡bv ai‡bi msweavb cwil` wQj bv Ges GKwU bZzb ¯^vaxb iv‡óªi mvaviY ev cÖPwjZ cvj©v‡g›U ev msm`I n‡Z cv‡i bv| ¯^vaxbZv hy‡× cÖavb AskMÖnYKvix Ab¨ ivR‰bwZK kw³¸‡jv ÔRvZxq miKviÕ MV‡bi †Rvi `vwe Rvbv‡jI Zv D‡cwÿZ nq| Ges mePvB‡Z gvivZ¥K I ÿwZKviK †h



256 257



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wPÎ-K_b: ïiæ‡ZB RvwjqvwZi Af~Zc~e© `„óvšÍ gyw³hy‡× weR‡qi ci ¯^vaxb iv‡óªi hvÎv ïiæi gvÎ 15 gvm, ZZw`‡b gywRe miKvi I Zuvi wb‡Ri hv`yKix RbwcÖqZvq wb¤œgyLx aviv ïiæ n‡q‡Q| wVK GB mg‡q G‡m ¯^vaxb †`‡k cÖ_g mvaviY wbe©vP‡bi ZvwiL †NvlYv Kiv n‡jv| hw`I miKvi †mB wbe©vP‡b Ôwbi‡cÿZvÕ eRvq ivLvi ÔcÖwZkÖæwZÕ w`‡q hvw”Qj Z_vwc †mUv †h mZ¨ bq, Zv wQj ¯úó| ivóªhš¿ Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq mg¯Í ivóªxq cÖwZôvb‡K ÿgZvmxb gnj wbe©vP‡b wb‡R‡`i weRq wbwðZ Kivi j‡ÿ¨ e¨envi K‡i hvw”Qj| †fv‡Ui w`‡b wb‡Ri †K‡›`ª †fvU w`‡Z †M‡j Av‡jvKwPÎ mvsevw`K I wi‡cvU©viiv wN‡i a‡iwQ‡jb cÖavbgš¿x †kL gywRe‡K| †evSvB hvq †h, miKvicÖavb‡K Kv‡Q †c‡q mviv †`‡k wbe©vPb †Kgb n‡”Q, wbe©vPbx Kg©KvÐ I `vwqZ¡ wbi‡cÿZvi mv‡_ m¤úbœ n‡”Q wK-bv, we‡ivax`j AvBbm¤§Z my‡hvM-myweav cv‡”Q wK-bv Gme wb‡q cÖkœ ivLv n‡qwQj| miKvicÖav‡bi DËi †h ÔBwZevPKÕ wQj Zv ejvB evûj¨| wKš‘ BwZnvm mvÿ¨ †`q †h, ¯^vaxb iv‡óªi cÖ_g mvaviY wbe©vP‡b gvÎ mvZwU Avm‡b we‡ivax`jxq I ¯^Zš¿ cÖv_©x‡K ÔRqjv‡fi my‡hvMÕ †`qv n‡qwQj| we‡ivax`‡ji me ¸iæZ¡c~Y© I AZ¨šÍ RbwcÖq †bZv I cÖv_©x‡`i Rei`w¯Íg~jKfv‡e ÔcivwRZÕ Kiv n‡qwQj| wbe©vPbx ee©iZv-`my¨Zv I RvwjqvwZi Af~Zc~e© `„óvšÍ ¯’vcb Kiv n‡qwQj bexb iv‡óªi Kw_Z MYZvwš¿K hvÎvc‡_i m~Pbv‡ZB|



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m~Î: 1. h`¨wc Avgvi ¸iæ; Avng` Qdv, gvIjv eªv`vm© 1988, c„ôv: 73 2. Nohlen, D, Grotz, F & Hartmann, C (2001) Elections in Asia: A data handbook, Volume 1, Page: 535, ISBN 019924958. 3. kZvãx †cwi‡q; nvq`vi AvKei Lvb i‡bv, Zid`vi cÖKvkbx, 2005, c„ôv: 331 4. ˆ`wbK MYKÉ; 8 †deªæqvwi 1973 5. cÖv¸³; 25 †deªæqvwi 1973 6. cÖv¸³; 7 †deªæqvwi 1973 7. cÖv¸³; 20 †deªæqvwi 1973 8. cÖv¸³; 6 gvP© 1973 9. evsjv‡`k : †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi kvmbKvj; gI`y` Avng`, RMjyj Avjg Ab~w`Z, BDwcGj, †deªæqvwi 2016, c„ôv: 174 10. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 178 11. wecyjv c„w_ex; Avwbmy¾vgvb, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, †deªæqvwi 2015, c„ôv: 70 12. evsjv‡`k : †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi kvmbKvj; gI`y` Avng`, RMjyj Avjg Ab~w`Z, BDwcGj, †deªæqvwi 2016, c„ôv: 179-180 13. kZvãx †cwi‡q; nvq`vi AvKei Lvb i‡bv, Zid`vi cÖKvkbx, 2005, c„ôv: 332 14. evsjv‡`k : †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi kvmbKvj; gI`y` Avng`, RMjyj Avjg Ab~w`Z, BDwcGj, †deªæqvwi 2016, c„ôv: 181 15. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 182 16. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 182-183 17. gyw³hy× I Zvici : GKwU wb`©jxq BwZnvm; †Mvjvg gyiwk`, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, Rvbyqvwi 2010, c„ôv: 203-204 18. e‡jwQ ejwQ eje; kvn& †gvqv‡¾g †nv‡mb, Abb¨v cÖKvkb, †m‡Þ¤^i 2002, c„ôv: 230 19. gyw³hy× I Zvici : GKwU wb`©jxq BwZnvm; †Mvjvg gyiwk`, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, Rvbyqvwi 2010, c„ôv: 204 20. `¨ MvwW©qvb; 9 gvP© 1973 21. evsjv‡`k : †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi kvmbKvj; gI`y` Avng`, RMjyj Avjg Ab~w`Z, BDwcGj, †deªæqvwi 2016, c„ôv: 186



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RLg K‡i| Gici AvnZ mevB‡K GKwU †bŠKvq DwV‡q gvS b`x‡Z wb‡q †bŠKvwU Wzwe‡q †`q| †bŠKv Wz‡e gyw³‡hv×v Kg‡jk, QvÎ BDwbqb †bZv gvwbK Ges weòz wbnZ nb| g„Zer Ae¯’vq jyrdi ingvb MÄi b`xi cv‡o c‡o _v‡Kb| †jey muvZ‡i cvk¦©eZ©x nvweeyi ingv‡bi evwo‡Z AvkÖq †bb| evwowU †NivI K‡i †ngv‡qZevwnbx Av¸b awi‡q w`‡Z †M‡j †jey evwo †_‡K †ewi‡q Av‡mb| Zv‡K wZb gvBj ch©šÍ cv‡q `wo †eu‡a †U‡b-wnuP‡o wb‡q hvq Lywbiv| Zvici aviv‡jv A¯¿ w`‡q Kzwc‡q †jey‡K nZ¨v Kiv nq| GB nZ¨vKvи‡jv NUv‡bv nq cÖKv‡k¨ MÖvgevmxi mvg‡b|4 GB Ly‡bi m‡½ ÔRwoZ m‡›`‡nÕ NUbvi `yw`b ci †ngv‡qZ DwÏb‡K AvUK Kiv n‡jI AvU gvm ci Zv‡K KvivMvi †_‡K †Q‡o †`qv nq| B‡Zvg‡a¨ wZwb ÔexiweµgÕ †LZv‡eI f~wlZ nb|5 IqvwjDi ingvb †jey KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i ZiæY †bZv wQ‡jb| GKvˇii exi gyw³‡hv×v †jey gyw³hy‡× 8 I 9 b¤^i †m±‡ii cÖavb mgš^qKvix wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i‡Qb| ciivóª gš¿Yvj‡q PvKwii my‡hvM †Q‡o w`‡q mvaviY †¶ZgRyi I MYgvbyl‡K KwgDwb÷‡`i cZvKvZ‡j mg‡eZ Kivi Rb¨ Djcyi D”P we`¨vj‡qi cÖavb wk¶‡Ki PvKwi wb‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb wQ‡jb †MvcvjM‡Äi e¨vcKmsL¨K gvby‡li Kv‡Q wecyj RbwcÖq Ô†jeyfvBÕ|5 wbnZ G `yÕRb RbwcÖq †bZviB wbe©vP‡b ¯’vbxq AvIqvgx jxM †bZv‡`i cÖwZØ›Øx n‡q IVvi m¤¢vebv wQj| Kg‡jk †e`Á wZqvˇii gv‡P©i wbe©vP‡b †KvUvwjcvovq (dwi`cyi-12) AvIqvgx jx‡Mi cÖv_©x m‡šÍvl AvPv‡h©i weiæ‡× k³ cÖwZØw›ØZv M‡o Zz‡jwQ‡jb| Ab¨w`‡K IqvwjDi ingvb †MvcvjMÄ Avm‡b cÖv_©x nIqvq †mLvbKvi g~j AvIqvgx cÖv_©x †gvjøv Rvjvj‡K m¤¢ve¨ civR‡qi Avk¼vq cÖZ¨vnvi Kiv nq Ges †kL gywReyi ingvb wb‡RB c‡i †mLv‡b g‡bvbqbcÎ `vwLj K‡ib| gywRe cÖv_©x n‡”Qb †`‡L IqvwjDi ingvb g‡bvbqbcÎ cÖZ¨vnvi AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †ngv‡q‡Zi nv‡Z K‡i wb‡jI Zvi RbwcÖqZv miKvwi `‡ji wbnZ wmwcwe †bZv Kg‡jk †e`Á ¯’vbxq †bZ…Z¡‡K wePwjZ K‡iwQj|5 d‡Uv †µwWU: myZcv †e`Á



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ÔjvjevwnbxÕi ZrciZvi †K›`ª wQj †`‡ki wewfbœ wkívÂj| cÖ_‡g GB evwnbx GKwU BwZevPK D‡Ï‡k¨B M‡o D‡VwQj| wewfbœ wkív‡j miKvwi I D`©yfvlx‡`i gvwjKvbvaxb KviLvbv `L‡ji wnwoK c‡o wM‡qwQj| GB ai‡bi A‰ea I ˆbivR¨Ki Ae¯’v †_‡K Kj-KviLvbv i¶vi Rb¨B ÔjvjevwnbxÕi †MvovcËb|7 wKš‘ cieZ©x mg‡q cÖwZØ›Øx evg msMVb¸‡jv‡K DrLvZ Ges me©MÖvmx Puv`vevwR n‡q c‡o G‡`i Kvh©µ‡gi cÖavb Ask| we‡ivax`j¸‡jvi mg_©K cÖvq me wmweG-BDwbqb nvBR¨vK K‡i Giv| Z‡e †cvkvwKfv‡e ÔivRvKvi I mgvRwe‡ivax‡`i wbg©~jÕ-Gi bv‡gB Gme ¸Ðvwg ˆea K‡i †bqv nw”Qj| ÔjvjevwnbxÕ we‡klfv‡e ÔwenvwiÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ D`©yfvlx‡`i Ici AvµgYvZ¥K wQj| XvKvq evnvˇii Ô†g w`emÕ-Gi mgv‡e‡k Ave`yj gvbœvb †NvlYv †`b, ÔmiKvi hw` wenvwi‡`i AvUK I wePvi bv K‡i Zvn‡j Zvi msMVbB †mB KvRwU Ki‡e|Õ7 1972-Gi Ryb †_‡K ÔjvjevwnbxÕ †NvlYv w`‡q Kw_Z mgvRwe‡ivax‡`i weiæ‡× Ôïw× AwfhvbÕ ïiæ K‡i| GgbwK AwfhvbKv‡j AvUKK…Z‡`i Ôkvw¯ÍÕ cÖ`v‡bi AvBbMZ ¶gZvi Ave&`viI Zviv K‡iwQj| GB ai‡bi GK ïw× Awfhv‡biB KiæY wkKvi nb Avn‡g` dRjyi ingvb| wZwb wQ‡jb †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi Nwbô, AvMiZjv gvgjvq mn-Awfhy³ Ges gyw³hy‡×i Av‡M †h me D”Pc`¯’ miKvwi Kg©KZ©v AvIqvgx jxM ivRbxwZi m‡½ †Mvc‡b Mfxifv‡e hy³ wQ‡jb Zv‡`i GKRb| 1973 mv‡ji 30 GwcÖj Ô†g w`emÕ-Gi Av‡Mi w`b XvKvq Ôe¨vcKwfwËK ïw× AwfhvbÕ-Gi mgq ÔjvjevwnbxÕi K‡qK WRb m`m¨ Avn‡g` dRjyi ingvb‡K avbgwÛi evmfeb †_‡K gvi‡Z gvi‡Z †U‡b-wnuP‡o wb‡q hvq kÖwgK jxM Awd‡m| †mLv‡b ¯^qs evwnbxcÖavb Ave`yj gvbœvb wQ‡jb| Zvi mvg‡bB dRjyi ingvb‡K †Riv Kiv nq| Zvi weiæ‡× hy‡×i ci 13wU †c‡Uªvjcv¤ú `L‡ji Awf‡hvM Av‡b jvjevwnbx| c‡i †Lv` cÖavbgš¿x‡K †dvb K‡i kÖwgK jxM Awdm †_‡K gyw³ cvb dRjyi ingvb| ciw`b XvKvi A‡bK ˆ`wbK cwÎKvq GB Lei cÖKvwkZ nq| Avn‡g` dRjyi ingvb jvjevM _vbvq GKwU Awf‡hvMI `v‡qi K‡iwQ‡jb|7 wkív½‡b G ai‡bi Aw¯’iZvi g‡a¨B 1973 mv‡ji 5 †deªæqvwi PÆMÖv‡gi evoeKzÐ wkív‡j ÔAvi Avi †U·UvBjÕ wg‡j †Kej GKwU NUbv‡ZB 22



Rb kÖwgK‡K nZ¨v Kiv nq| †Rjv cÖkvmb Aek¨ †cÖm wiwj‡R 9 R‡bi K_v ¯^xKvi K‡i| Avi Ôˆ`wbK MYKÉÕ wbn‡Zi msL¨v 50 e‡j D‡jøL K‡i| euv‡ki ˆZwi kÖwgK K‡jvwb‡Z Pviw`K †_‡K Av¸b awi‡q w`‡q Zvici wZb w`K †_‡K ¸wj †Qvovi gva¨‡g GB AvµgY nq| G wb‡q ciw`b PÆMÖvg, †bvqvLvjx, Kzwgjøvq niZvj cvwjZ nq| MYgva¨‡gi fvl¨ †_‡K Rvbv hvq, †bvqvLvjx A‡ji kÖwgK cÖvavb¨c~Y© GB KviLvbvq wKQzw`b ci wmweG wbe©vPb nIqvi K_v wQj| wKš‘ †Kv‡bvfv‡eB miKvi`jxq kÖwgK msMVbwU Zvi kvLv ¯’vcb Ki‡Z cviwQj bv; ZviB cÖwZ‡kva wQj GB nvgjv|7 1972-Gi gvP© gv‡m Lyjbvq kÖwgK‡`i Av‡›`vjb eÜ Ki‡Z wM‡q GB jvj evwnbx ixwZg‡Zv ZvÐe NUvq| Zv‡`i ¸wj‡Z miKvwi wn‡meg‡Z wbnZ nb 36 Rb kÖwgK, AvnZ nb 80 Rb| wKš‘ †emiKvwi wn‡m‡e wbnZ n‡qwQ‡jb `yB nvRv‡ii †ewk †jvK|8 1975 mv‡ji 2 Rvbyqvwi ÔevKkvjÕ MVb cÖ‡kœ †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi ivR‰bwZK D‡`¨v‡Mi we‡ivwaZv Ki‡j GB ÔjvjevwnbxÕi cÖavb Ave`yj gvbœvb‡K `yb©xwZi Awf‡hv‡M †MÖßvi Kiv nq|7 hZw`b †KD kxl© †bZ…‡Z¡i AbyMZ _vK‡Zv, ZZw`b ch©šÍ AvIqvgx jx‡Mi `jxq †jv‡Kiv me Aciv‡aB ¶gv †c‡q †hZ| GKUv K_v Pvjy n‡q wM‡qwQjÑ Lyb K‡iI hw` GKevi †kL gywR‡ei Kv‡Q †cuŠQv‡bv †hZ Ges ïay cv‡qi Ici c‡o ej‡jB n‡Zv, Aciva K‡i †d‡jwQ, GLb Kx Ki‡ev? wZwb wc‡Vi Ici `yÕwU _vào w`‡q ej‡ZbÑ hv nZfvMv, Gevi



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AmsL¨ gvbyl evwZjK…Z UvKv Rgv w`‡Z hLb †fvMvwšÍi Pig mxgvq, ZLb H `yÕRb al©K mš¿vmx †mB jvB‡b wM‡q Zv‡`i KvQ †_‡K †mBme UvKv¸‡jv †Rvi K‡i †K‡o wb‡q Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i bv‡g e¨vs‡K Rgv w`‡Z jvM‡jv, we‡kl K‡i hviv `~i-`~ivšÍ †_‡K Avm‡Q, Zv‡`i UvKv| fy³‡fvMx Ggb `yÕRb _vbv‡Z G‡m KvbœvRwoZ K‡Ú Amnvqfv‡e I‡`i weiæ‡× Awf‡hvM kwdDj Bmjv‡gi Kv‡Q K‡iwQ‡jv| iv‡Z Kvwd©D w`‡q al©Y, A¯¿ ivLv I UvKv wQbZvB‡qi Awf‡hv‡M A¯¿mn mš¿vmx‡`i †MÖdZvi Kiv n‡jv| †MÖdZvi Awfhv‡bi c‡i †fvi‡ejvi w`‡K evmvq G‡m kwdDj Bmjvg Nywg‡q c‡owQ‡jb| mKv‡jB XvKv †_‡K gš¿x mv‡n‡ei wcGm †dvb K‡i‡Qb, jvB‡b Av‡Qb, kwdDj Bmjv‡gi mv‡_ K_v ej‡eb| ¯^ivó«gš¿xi wcGm nvR‡Z _vKv `yÕRb Avmvgxi bvg a‡i ej‡jb, Zv‡`i‡K †K‡bv †MÖdZvi Kiv n‡q‡Q? Zv‡`i GLbB †Q‡o w`‡Z ej‡jb| wKQy c‡i Gmwc mv‡ne †Uwj‡dvb K‡i ewikvj wM‡q Zvi mv‡_ †`Lv Ki‡Z wb‡`©k w`‡jb| mv‡_ mv‡_ wZwb H Avmvgx `yÕR‡bi bvg D‡jøL K‡i ej‡jb, †Kb Zv‡`i‡K †MÖdZvi Kiv n‡q‡Q? Gi g‡a¨B bwRiwenxbfv‡e `yÕR‡bi Rvwgb n‡q †M‡jv cuvPw`‡bi| Rvwgb nIqvi wZbw`‡bi gv_vq G‡jb ¯^qs ¯^ivóªgš¿x| Zvici †mB `yÕRb al©‡Ki bvg a‡i wZwbI ej‡jb, Zv‡`i weiæ‡× wK Awf‡hvM? †K‡bv Zv‡`i †MÖdZvi K‡i‡Qb? kwdDj Bmjvg gš¿x g‡nv`q‡K GKRb wkw¶Z Amnvq evev Zvi †g‡qi m¤£g bv i¶v Ki‡Z cvivi †h AKzwZ Zvi eY©bv Ges Avmvgx‡`i f‡q wbiƒcvq n‡q Zvi cv Rwo‡q a‡i Kvbœvi eY©bv w`‡jb| cÖKv‡k¨ A¯¿ DuwP‡q evwZj †NvwlZ †bvU wQwb‡q wb‡q wbR bv‡g Rgv †`Iqvmn Ab¨vb¨ AcK‡g©i eY©bv w`‡jb| G‡ZvwKQy ï‡bI gš¿x g‡nv`q Zv‡`i `yÕRb‡K mv‡_ K‡i XvKv‡Z wb‡q †M‡jb| ZviI wKQyw`b DuPy gn‡ji Avkxe©v`cyó n‡q gvgjv †_‡K †eKmyi Lvjvm n‡q Zviv dz‡ji gvjv wb‡q kn‡i wd‡i G‡jv|11



m~Î: 1. gywReevwnbx †_‡K MYevwnbx : BwZnv‡mi cybc©vV; AvjZvd cvi‡fR, HwZn¨, †deªæqvwi 2015, c„ôv: 150 2. ˆ`wbK evsjv; 6 Rvbyqvwi 1973 3. gywReevwnbx †_‡K MYevwnbx : BwZnv‡mi cybc©vV; AvjZvd cvi‡fR, HwZn¨, †deªæqvwi 2015, c„ôv: 151 4. †Q‡j nZ¨vi wePv‡ii Avkvq Ke‡ii w`‡K ZvwK‡q _vK‡Zb †jey fvB‡qi ey‡ov gv : Lybxi bvg †ngv‡qZ; Kzj`v ivq-Gi eøM †_‡K, 24 RyjvB 2010 mv‡ji Kzj`v iv‡qi eøMwU †`L‡Z wb‡Pi wKDAvi †KvWwU ¯‹¨vb KiæbÑ



5. gywReevwnbx †_‡K MYevwnbx : BwZnv‡mi cybc©vV; AvjZvd cvi‡fR, HwZn¨, †deªæqvwi 2015, c„ôv: 152 6. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 244 7. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 245-247 8. gyw³hy× I Zvici : GKwU wb`©jxq BwZnvm; †Mvjvg gyiwk`, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, Rvbyqvwi 2010, c„ôv: 199 9. gywRe fvB; GweGg g~mv, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, PZz_© gy`ªY, RyjvB 2013, c„ôv: 81 10. ¯^vfvweK g„Zz¨i M¨vivw›U PvB; wbg©j †mb, Zid`vi cÖKvkbx, †deªæqvwi 2009, c„ôv: 87-90 11. cywjk Rxe‡bi mvwi evuav c‡_; kwdDj Bmjvg (mv‡eK GAvBwR); gy³wPšÍv; †deªæqvwi 2008, 87-97



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wmivR wkK`v‡ii nZ¨vKvÐ wmivR cvwK¯Ívb‡K Dcwb‡ekev`x, fviZ‡K ˆeix AvwacZ¨ev`x Ges AvIqvgx jxM‡K fviZcwš’ myweavev`x I AvwacZ¨ev`x MYwe‡ivax kw³ wn‡m‡e †NvlYv K‡iwQ‡jb| Ô†Kv_vq AvR wmivR wkK`vi?Õ16 iv‡óªi BwZnv‡m cÖ_g wePviewnf~©Z nZ¨vi DcvL¨vb iwPZ n‡jv gywRe miKv‡ii cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx|



lv‡Ui `k‡Ki ey‡qU (Z`vbxšÍb c~e© cvwK¯Ívb cÖ‡KŠkj I cÖhyw³ wek¦we`¨vjq)| SuvKov Pz‡ji k³ cyiælvjx †Pvqv‡ji GK bexb QvÎ A‡b‡KiB bRi Kvo‡jv| ewikv‡ji Kv`v-gvwUi MÜ ZLbI Zvi Mv‡q| wKš‘ †PvL `yÕ‡Uv Am¤¢e iK‡gi D¾¡j Avi `„p msK‡í w¯’i| QvÎ BDwbq‡bi wgwQ‡j DÏxß GB Ziæ‡Yi †køvMvb, Zz‡Lvo e³…Zv Avi R¡jR¡‡j †PvL †`‡L mevB ey‡SwQj †h, GB †Q‡ji †fZi Av¸b Av‡Q| †Q‡jUv bRi Kvo‡jv KwgDwb÷ †bZv‡`iI| KwgDwb÷ cvwU©‡Z hy³ n‡jb|



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QvÎ Ae¯’v‡Z cvwU© Ks‡MÖ‡m wQ‡jb QvÎ cÖwZwbwa| ZLbI KwgDwb÷ Av‡›`vj‡bi fvOb ïiæ nqwb| eyfz‡¶i g‡Zv GB ZiæY c‡ob gvK©&m& I †jwb‡bi eB| wecø‡ei ¯^‡cœ we‡fvi GB Ziæ‡Yi †PvL-gy‡Li `„pZv nq‡Zv mK‡jB †`L‡Zv| wKš‘ †KD-B nq‡Zv eyS‡Z cv‡iwb †h, †m wb‡R‡K ˆZwi Ki‡Q fwel¨‡Zi wecø‡ei Rb¨| †Q‡jwUi WvK bvg Ô†mivÕ, cy‡iv bvg wmivR wkK`vi| Gi g‡a¨B cvwU© fvO‡jv| QvÎ BDwbqbI fvO‡jv| wmivR †hvM w`‡jb †gbb MÖæ‡c| †gbb MÖæ‡ci mn-mfvcwZ n‡jb wZwb| QvÎRxeb †kl n‡jv †mB eQ‡iB| wZwb †hvM w`‡jb wmA¨vÛweÕi Kwbô cÖ‡KŠkjx c‡`| wKš‘ hvi †Pv‡L wecø‡ei ¯^cœ, wZwb wK Avi 9Uv-5Uvi Awd‡m e‡m KvR Ki‡Z cv‡ib? wZb gv‡mi g‡a¨B PvKwi †Q‡o w`‡jb| †hvM w`‡jb GK †emiKvwi †Kv¤úvwb‡Z| 1968 mv‡ji 8 Rvbyqvwi K‡qKRb mggbv‡K wb‡q MVb Ki‡jb Ôc~e© evsjvi kÖwgK Av‡›`vjbÕ bv‡g GKwU cÖ¯‘wZ msMVb| GB kÖwgK Av‡›`vjb‡KB wZwb 1971-Gi 3 Ryb ewikvj †Rjvi †cqviv evMv‡b Ôme©nviv cvwU©Õ‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ K‡ib| 1970 mv‡jB wmivR wkK`v‡ii Ôwecøex cwil`Õ wewfbœ †Rjvq cvwK¯Ívwb cÖkvmb I Ô†kÖwY kÎæiÕ weiæ‡× †Mwijv Acv‡ikb Pvjvq| 1971 mv‡ji 8 Rvbyqvwi Zviv XvKv, gywÝMÄ I gqgbwms‡n Dovb ¯^vaxb c~e© evsjvi cZvKv| 1971 mv‡ji 2 gvP© GB wecøex cwil` †kL gywReyi ingvb I AvIqvgx jx‡Mi D‡Ï‡k GKwU †Lvjv wPwV †j‡L, hv wjd‡jU AvKv‡i mviv †`‡k cÖPvi Kiv nq| Gi Pvi b¤^i `dvwU wQjÑ c~e© evsjvi †`k‡cÖwgK ivR‰bwZK `‡ji cÖwZwbwa I e¨w³‡`i mgš^‡q RvZxq gyw³ cwil` ev RvZxq gyw³ d«›U MVb| wmivR wkK`vi KweZvI wjL‡Zb| KweZv¸‡jv DuPzgv‡bi Kve¨ bv n‡jI, †mB KweZv¸‡jvi Q‡Î Q‡Î wg‡k _vK‡Zv gvI †mZzs-Gi wecøex iY‡KŠkj| Zvi GKwU KweZvi jvBbÑ ÔAvi K‡qKUv kÎæ LZg n‡jB †Zv MÖvg¸‡jv Avgv‡`i; RbMY †hb Rj, †Mwijviv gv‡Qi g‡Zv muvZivqÕ 1 gvP© 1971-G cvwK¯Ív‡bi †cÖwm‡W›U Bqvwnqv Lvb hLb msm` Awa‡ekb ¯’wMZ Kivi †NvlYv †`b, DËvj n‡q D‡V †MvUv c~e© cvwK¯Ívb| ciw`b Ôc~e©



evsjvi kÖwgK Av‡›`vjbÕ †kL gywRe‡K mk¯¿ gyw³hy× ïiæ Kivi AvnŸvb Rvbvq| GKB m‡½ msMVbwU me©¯Í‡ii †`k‡cÖwgK cÖwZwbwa‡`i wb‡q GKwU A¯’vqx Ôwecøex †RvU miKviÕ MVb Ges mk¯¿ gyw³hy× cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ ÔRvZxq gyw³hy× cwil`Õ MV‡bi Aby‡iva Rvbvq| †kL gywRe ZLb e¨¯Í Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g mgvav‡bi c_ LyuR‡Z| †kL gywRe I Zuvi †bZ…Z¡vaxb AvIqvgx jxM wmivR wkK`v‡ii †bZ…Z¡vaxb ÔkÖwgK Av‡›`vj‡bÕi GB †Lvjv wPwV Avg‡j †bbwb; cy‡ivcywi AMÖvn¨ K‡iwQ‡jb| n‡Z cv‡i wbe©vP‡b wbi¼zk Rq cvIqvi ci AvIqvgx jxM ZLb ÔGKjv P‡jvÕ bxwZ‡Z AUj| gywRebMi miKvi 17 GwcÖj kc_ †bqvi ci †mB miKv‡ii cÖwZ Av‡iKwU †Lvjv wPwV †`qv nq ÔkÖwgK Av‡›`vjbÕ-Gi c¶ †_‡K| †mLv‡b hy‡×i gq`v‡b KiYxq welq Zz‡j aiv nq| Z‡e GeviI cÖevmx miKvi ÔkÖwgK Av‡›`vj‡bÕi †mB wPwV‡Z `„K&cvZ K‡iwb| wKš‘ wmivR wkK`vi †_‡g _v‡Kbwb| cvwK¯Ívwb evwnbxi MYnZ¨vi ci wZwb ewikv‡ji †cqviv evMv‡b 30 GwcÖ‡j M‡o †Zv‡jb ÔRvZxq gyw³evwnbxÕ| 3 Ryb cvwU©i bZzb bvg †`qv nq Ôc~e© evsjv me©nviv cvwU©Õ| 1971 mv‡ji A‡±ve‡i me©nviv cvwU© `‡ji †Mwijv‡`i wb‡`©k †`q cvwK¯Ívwb evwnbx, fviZxq evwnbx I AvIqvgx jx‡Mi weiæ‡× hy× cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z| KviY, wmivR wkK`vi cvwK¯Ívb‡K Dcwb‡ekev`x, fviZ‡K ˆeix AvwacZ¨ev`x Ges AvIqvgx jxM‡K fviZcwš’ myweavev`x I AvwacZ¨ev`x MYwe‡ivax kw³ wn‡m‡e wPwýZ K‡iwQ‡jb| ewikvj †_‡K ïiæ K‡i weµgcyi, gvwbKMÄ, cvebv, gqgbwmsnmn wewfbœ A‡j me©nviv cvwU©i †Mwijviv cvKevwnbxi m‡½ exiZ¡c~Y© jovB K‡i| 1971 mv‡ji AvM÷ ch©šÍ †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i †_‡K jovB-msMÖvg K‡i‡Q g~jZ G †`‡ki wewfbœ KwgDwb÷ cvwU© I MÖæc, hvi g‡a¨ Ôme©nviv cvwU©Õ Ab¨Zg| ewikvj A‡j AmsL¨ mdj nvgjv Pvwj‡q Ôme©nviv cvwU©Õ cvwK¯Ívwb evwnbx‡K e¨wZe¨¯Í K‡i †Zv‡j| Z‡e ¯^vaxbZvi hZ BwZnvm †jLv n‡q‡Q †mLv‡b ewikv‡j me©nviv cvwU©i Ae`vb‡K Lye †KŠk‡j Dn¨ †i‡L‡Qb ivR‰bwZK g``cyó BwZnvmwe`iv| `ytLRbK n‡jI mwZ¨, AvIqvgx jxM I me©nviv cvwU©i m¤§yL hy‡× 1971-Gi b‡f¤^‡ii g‡a¨ me©nviv cvwU©i A‡bK m`m¨ wbnZ n‡qwQj|



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wPÎ-K_b: evOjvi Av‡iK wmivRÑ Av‡iK cÖ`xc 1757 mv‡j cjvkxi hy‡× wbLv` †`k‡cÖ‡gi ¯^vÿi †i‡L Rxeb`v‡bi wewbg‡q evOvwji RvZxqZvev`x ivR‰bwZK †PZbvi exR ecb K‡iwQ‡jb beve wmivRD‡ÏŠjv| Gi `yÕ kÕ eQi ci evOjvi ewÂZ-wbcxwoZ MYgvby‡li Av_©-mvgvwRK-ivR‰bwZK gyw³i kc‡_ DÏxß Av‡iK hye‡Ki Avwef©ve N‡UwQj Gi †fRv gvwUi †Kvgj ey‡K; wZwb Av‡iK wmivRÑ A_©vr, Av‡iK cÖ`xcÑ wmivR wkK`vi| 1970 mv‡jB wZwb cvwK¯Ív‡bi Jcwb‡ewkK kvm‡bi weiæ‡× mk¯¿ msMÖvg ïiæ K‡iwQ‡jb| Õ71-Gi Rvbyqvwii †Mvov‡ZB c~e©e‡½i we¯ÍxY© A‡j Dwo‡q w`‡qwQ‡jb ¯^vaxb evOjvi cZvKv| c‡njv gv‡P©i NUbvi ciw`bB †kL gywRe‡K mk¯¿ gyw³hy× ïiæ Kivi AvnŸvb Rvwb‡qwQ‡jb| GKB m‡½ †`k‡cÖwgK cÖwZwbwa‡`i wb‡q A¯’vqx Ôwecøex †RvU miKviÕ MVb Ges mk¯¿ hy× cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ RvZxq gyw³hy× cwil` MV‡biI AvnŸvb Rvbvb| Õ71-Gi GwcÖ‡j M‡o †Zv‡jb ÔRvZxq gyw³evwnbxÕ| A‡±ve‡i wZwb GKB mv‡_ cvwK¯Ívwb I fviZxq mvgwiK evwnbx Ges ÔgywReevwnbxÕmn AvIqvgx jx‡Mi mk¯¿ e¨w³‡`i weiæ‡× hy× †NvlYv K‡iwQ‡jb| wmivR cvwK¯Ívb‡K Dcwb‡ekev`x, fviZ‡K ˆeix AvwacZ¨ev`x Ges AvIqvgx jxM‡K fviZcwš’ myweavev`x I AvwacZ¨ev`x MYwe‡ivax kw³ wnmv‡e †NvlYv K‡iwQ‡jb| 16 wW‡m¤^‡ii ci wmivR I Zvi Ôc~e© evsjv me©nviv cvwU©Õ †NvlYv K‡i †h, cvwK¯Ív‡bi Dcwb‡ek †_‡K evsjv‡`k Gevi ÔfviZxq Dcwb‡ekÕ n‡q‡Q| wZwb †`k‡cÖwgK ivR‰bwZK kw³ I msMV‡bi †hŠ_ A_ev mgwš^Z †bZ…‡Z¡ ÔRvZxq wecøex miKviÕ M‡o †Zvjvi ZvwM` †`b| hy‡× AskMÖnYKvix ˆmwbK‡`i wb‡q †mbv, †bŠ I wegvbevwnbx



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wmivR wkK`vi‡K VvÐv gv_vq cwiKwíZfv‡e cywjk †ndvR‡Z nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q e‡jB aviYv Kiv n‡Zv Ges webv wePv‡i nZ¨vi Rb¨ †jvKRb miKvi‡K `vqx Ki‡Zv|14 cywjkB wmivR wkK`vi‡K nZ¨v K‡iwQj, †mUv Zv‡`i GK D”Pc`¯’ Kg©KZ©vi ¯^xKv‡ivw³‡Z aiv c‡o| ZrKvjxb gyw³‡hv×v †mbv Awdmvi gBbyj †nv‡mb †PŠayix XvKv K¬v‡ei GK Abyôv‡b cywj‡ki GK D”Pc`¯’ Kg©KZ©v‡K wmivR wkK`v‡ii g„Zz¨ wb‡q cÖkœ Ki‡j wZwb e‡jwQ‡jb, ÔK‡b©j mv‡ne, Avcbv‡`i Avi Avgv‡`i hy‡×i g‡a¨ Zdvr GUvBÕ|14 gvÎ 32 eQi eq‡m Gfv‡eB AvRb¥ wecøe-wcqvmx GB Ziæ‡Yi Rxe‡bi KiæY cwimgvwß N‡U| wmivR wkK`v‡ii jvk Zvi gv-evevi Kv‡Q n¯ÍvšÍi Kiv nq| XvKvi †gvn¤§`cy‡i ZvRgnj †iv‡Wi Rv‡g gmwR` msjMœ †Mvi¯’v‡b cywjk cvnvivq Zv‡K `vdb Kiv nq|15 Kov wbivcËvi g‡a¨I wmivR wkK`v‡ii RvbvRvq QÙ‡e‡k Dcw¯’Z nb `yB †e`bvnZ †mbv Kg©KZ©v, GKRb †gRi Wvwjg Av‡iKRb †gRi b~i †PŠayix| wmiv‡Ri g„Zz¨i wZb mßvn ci 25 Rvbyqvwi †kL gywRe wb‡RB RvZxq msm‡` GK fvl‡Y e‡jbÑÔ†Kv_vq AvR wmivR wkK`vi? Zv‡K hLb aiv †M‡Q, Zvi mn‡hvMxivI aiv co‡e|Õ wZwb †hb GB nZ¨vKvЇK GK ai‡bi K…wZZ¡ wn‡m‡eB we‡ePbv KiwQ‡jb| D‡jøL¨, wmivR wkK`vi‡K aivi †¶‡Î Z_¨ w`‡q mnvqZv Kivq miKvi AšÍZt `yÕRb‡K we‡`‡k cvwV‡q cybe©vwmZ K‡i|16 wmivR wkK`vi nZ¨vi djvdj n‡qwQj Mfxi I my`~icÖmvix| GB nZ¨v fwel¨‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq ivRbxwZi cwieZ©‡b f~wgKv iv‡L| †gRi b~i ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi QvÎ _vKvKv‡j QvÎ BDwbq‡b †gbb MÖæ‡ci m`m¨ wQ‡jb| c‡i wZwb Ôme©nviv cvwU©Õi m‡½ hy³ nb| wZwb wQ‡jb wmivR wkK`v‡ii Abyi³ GKRb, whwb GB wecøexi nZ¨vi NUbvq ÿzä nb|17 aviYv Kiv nq, †kL gywR‡ei kix‡i Ôev÷© dvqviÕ K‡ib †gRi b~i| †kL gywR‡ei cwiev‡ii mevB‡K nZ¨v Kivi wel‡q Rvb‡Z PvB‡j cieZ©x mg‡q †gRi b~i e‡jb, ÔIiv Avgvi †bZv‡K Lyb K‡i‡Q, Avwg mevB‡K †g‡i cÖwZ‡kva wb‡qwQ|Õ18



wmivR wkK`v‡ii †evb kvgxg wkK`vi Rvbvb, wmiv‡Ri †`‡n ¸wji wPý cwi®‹vi cÖgvY K‡i †h, †÷bMvb w`‡q ey‡K QqwU ¸wj K‡i Zv‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡qwQj| wmivR wkK`vi‡K †kL gywR‡ei wb‡`©‡kB nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q e‡j mviv kn‡i i‡U †Mj| ZLb 19 eQ‡ii ZiæYx kvgxg wkK`vi, Zvi fvB‡qi nZ¨vi cÖwZ‡kva †bqvi wm×všÍ wb‡jv| †m me©nviv cvwU©i KvQ †_‡K GKUv wifj&fvi †c‡qwQj Ges Zvi fvB‡qi nZ¨vKvix‡K nZ¨v Kivi my‡hv‡Mi mÜvb KiwQj| kvgxg evsjv‡`‡ki †kÖô fv¯‹i‡`i GKRb|19 ejvB evûj¨, kvgxg wkK`vi Zvi wgk‡b mdj n‡Z cv‡iwb| GB nZ¨vKv‡Ði ci, Ôevsjvi evYxÕi m¤úv`Kxq‡Z †jLv nqÑ Ôwecøe Kwievi Rb¨ Pviæ gRyg`vi‡K †h Kíbv wejv‡m cvBqv ewmqvwQj Zvi cwiYwZ mK‡ji Rvbv _vKvi K_v| wmivR wkK`v‡ii cwiYwZ Zvnvi PvB‡Z wfbœZi wKQzB nq bvB........ wmivR wkK`vi a„Z nBqv g„Zz¨eiY Kwievi ci Avkv Kiv hvq, hvnviv GB †`‡k mš¿vmev`x ZrciZv‡K ivR‰bwZK †KŠkj wn‡m‡e MÖnY KwiqvwQ‡jb, Zvnviv AZtci wb‡R‡`i fzj awi‡Z cvwiqv‡Qb|Õ16 2001 mv‡j Aegy³ Kiv wm AvB GÕi †Mvcb `wjj hv wmivR wkK`vi nZ¨vi wZbw`b c‡i MÖwš’Z n‡qwQ‡jv †mLv‡b wmivR wkK`vi‡K mš¿vmev`x †bZv wn‡m‡e D‡jøL Kiv n‡qwQ‡jv| `wj‡j cywj‡ki fv‡l¨iB cybive„wË K‡i ejv nq cywj‡ki KvQ †_‡K cvjv‡bvi mgq wmivR wkK`vi ¸wjwe× n‡q wbnZ nq| `wj‡j D‡jøL Kiv nq 28 wW‡m¤^i 1974-G †NvwlZ Riæix Ae¯’vi c‡i wmivR wkK`vi‡K nZ¨v me‡P‡q bvUKxq Ges D‡jøL‡hvM¨ NUbv| `wj‡j Av‡iv ejv nq, mš¿vmev`x ZrciZv e‡Ü miKv‡ii mvg‡_©¨i m‡e©v”P e¨envi K‡i Av‡iv †ekx µ¨vK WvDb Kiv DwPZ| wm AvB GÕi †Mvcb `wj‡j GUv ¯úó †h wm AvB G `„k¨Z wmivR wkK`v‡ii nZ¨vKv‡Ð Drdzjø n‡q miKvi‡K Av‡iv †ekx Ggb NUbv NUv‡bvi Rb¨ Drmvn w`qwQ‡jv| Z‡e `wj‡ji †k‡l GB AvksKvI cÖKvk Kiv n‡qwQ‡jv †h, wmivR wkK`v‡ii nZ¨vKvÐ miKv‡ii Rb¨ KvD›Uvi †cÖvWvw±f n‡Z cv‡i, KviY bvbv `‡j I Dc`‡j wef³ mš¿vmev`x‡`i HK¨e× nevi Rb¨ wmivR wkK`v‡ii knxw` B‡gR KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i|20



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m~Î: 1. evsjv‡`‡k ivR‰bwZK nZ¨vKv‡Ði m~Pbvce© : BwZnv‡mi KvVMovq AvIqvgx jxM; Avn‡g` gymv, Wvbv cvewjkvm©, †deªæqvwi 1988, c„ôv: 142 2. Rvm‡`i DÌvb cZb : Aw¯’i mg‡qi ivRbxwZ; gwnDwÏb Avng`, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, 2014, c„ôv: 107 3. GK †Rbv‡i‡ji bxie mv¶¨ : ¯^vaxbZvi cÖ_g `kK; †gRi †Rbv‡ij (Ae.) gBbyj †nv‡mb †PŠayix exiweµg, gvIjv eªv`vm©, †deªæqvwi 2000, c„ôv: 65 4. hv †`‡LwQ, hv ey‡SwQ, hv K‡iwQ; ivóª`~Z †j. K‡b©j (Ae.) kwidzj nK Wvwjg exiDËg, AbjvB‡b cÖKvwkZ B-ey‡Ki c„ôv: 502 5. evsjv‡`‡k ivR‰bwZK nZ¨vKv‡Ði m~Pbvce© : BwZnv‡mi KvVMovq AvIqvgx jxM; Avn‡g` gymv, Wvbv cvewjkvm©, †deªæqvwi 1988, c„ôv: 142 6. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 143 7. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 144 8. Rvm‡`i DÌvb cZb : Aw¯’i mg‡qi ivRbxwZ; gwnDwÏb Avng`, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, 2014, c„ôv: 155 9. gywReevwnbx †_‡K MYevwnbx : BwZnv‡mi cybc©vV; AvjZvd cvi‡fR, HwZn¨, †deªæqvwi 2015, c„ôv: 296 10. wRqv †_‡K Lv‡j`v wRqv AZtci; K‡b©j (Ae.) kwidzj nK Wvwjg exiDËg, AbjvB‡b cÖKvwkZ B-ey‡Ki c„ôv: 18 11. i¶xevwnbxi mZ¨ wg_¨v; Av‡bvqvi Dj Avjg, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, 2013, c„ôv: 101 12. evsjv‡`‡k ivR‰bwZK nZ¨vKv‡Ði m~Pbvce© : BwZnv‡mi KvVMovq AvIqvgx jxM; Avn‡g` gymv, Wvbv cvewjkvm©, †deªæqvwi 1988, c„ôv: 145 13. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 146 14. GK †Rbv‡i‡ji bxie mv¶¨ : ¯^vaxbZvi cÖ_g `kK; †gRi †Rbv‡ij (Ae.) gBbyj †nv‡mb †PŠayix exiweµg, gvIjv eªv`vm©, †deªæqvwi 2000, c„ôv: 64 15. Rvm‡`i DÌvb cZb : Aw¯’i mg‡qi ivRbxwZ; gwnDwÏb Avng`, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, 2014, c„ôv: 155 16. gywReevwnbx †_‡K MYevwnbx : BwZnv‡mi cybc©vV; AvjZvd cvi‡fR, HwZn¨, †deªæqvwi 2015, c„ôv: 297 17. Rvm‡`i DÌvb cZb : Aw¯’i mg‡qi ivRbxwZ; gwnDwÏb Avng`, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, 2014, c„ôv: 174 18. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 175 19. evsjv‡`k : i‡³i FY; A¨vš’bx g¨vmKvb©nvm, Abyev`: †gvnv¤§` kvnRvnvb, nv°vbx cvewjkvm©, 1988, c„ôv: 52 20. CIA-RDP79T00865A000100040001-7



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`yB 6 †deªæqvwi 1974, ivwÎ †fvi bv n‡ZB ÔiÿxevwnbxÕ weªwUkwe‡ivax ¯^vaxbZv msMÖvgx KwgDwb÷ †bZv kvwšÍ †m‡bi ¯¿x AiæYv †mb‡K Nyg †_‡K Zzj‡jv| 1971-G kvwšÍ †mb †`‡ki wfZ‡i †_‡KB cvKevwnbxi weiæ‡× GK exiZ¡c~Y© msMÖvg iPbv K‡ib| AiæYv †mb‡K wb‡q evwoi evB‡i G‡j wZwb †`L‡jb †mLv‡b Zvi cyÎea~ ixbvI i‡q‡Q| Zv‡`i wb‡q Zviv cÖvq `yB gvBj `~‡i †f`iMÄ iÿxevwnbxi K¨v‡¤úi w`‡K iIqvbv n‡jv| iv¯Ívq ixbvi cÖwZ Zviv bvbv Akøxj Dw³ KiwQj| K¨v‡¤ú †cuŠ‡Q †`L‡jb †mLv‡b cÖwZ‡ekx KwjgwÏ, †gv¯Ídv, †Mvwe›` bvM I nwic` †NvlI i‡q‡Q| †Pnviv †`‡LB †evSv †Mj Zv‡`i Ici ¸iæZi ˆ`wnK wbh©vZb n‡q‡Q| we‡kl K‡i KwjgwÏ I †gv¯Ídv‡KB †ewk Amy¯’ †`Lv †Mj| KwjgwÏ, †gv¯ÍdvÑ `yB fvB| G‡`i msmv‡i Avi †Kv‡bv mÿg e¨w³ †bB| Ac‡ii Rwg Pvl K‡i Giv †Kv‡bvg‡Z RxweKv wbe©vn K‡i| G‡`i i‡q‡Q ¯¿x I †QvU †QvU †Q‡j‡g‡q| K¨v‡¤ú Avm‡ZB A‡bK iÿxevwnbx m`m¨ G‡m ew›`‡`i wN‡i `uvov‡jv| ïiæ n‡jv ixbvi Ici Acgvb-e„wó| †KD Akøxj gšÍe¨ K‡i, †KD Pzj a‡i Uv‡b, †KD Po gv‡i, †KD †LuvPv †`qÑ GgbB me ee©iZv| ew›`‡`i †iv‡`i g‡a¨ ewm‡q †i‡L Zviv P‡j †Mj| mܨvq Zv‡`i GKwU Kvgivq XzKv‡jv| A‡bK ivw·Z ixbv‡K Zviv †`vZjvq wb‡q †Mj| wKQzÿY c‡iB †kvbv †Mj ixbvi ü`qwe`vix wPrKvi| cÖvq Ava NÈv ci AvZ©bv` w¯ÍwgZ n‡q †_‡g †Mj| wb¯Íä ivwÎi AÜKvi †f` K‡i ixbv‡K Mfxi iv‡Z Zviv



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wPÎ-K_b: 1971 G XvKvq †Rbv‡ij A‡ivivi ev‡q Kv‡`wiqv evwnbxi KgvÛvi Av‡bvqviæj Avjg knx`, whwb cwiewZ©‡Z evsjv‡`‡k i¶x evwnbxi DccÖavb nb| d‡Uv †µwWU: msM„nxZ



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ixbv‡K wbh©vZ‡bi mgq †`vZjvq †f`iMÄ I WvgyW¨vi AvIqvgx jxM m¤úv`Kiv Ges GB `yB ¯’v‡bi K¨v¤ú KgvÛviiv Dcw¯’Z wQj| Zviv kvwšÍ †mb I PÂj †Kv_vq Av‡Q, Zv‡`i awi‡q w`‡Z e‡j Ges A¯¿ †Kv_vq Av‡Q wRÁvmv K‡i| ixbv wKQzB Rv‡b bv ejvq Zv‡K Ggb me Akøxj K_v e‡j, hv †Kv‡bv mf¨ gvby‡li c‡ÿ ejv †Zv `~‡ii K_v, Kíbv KivI m¤¢e bq| wKQzÿY wRÁvmv I Mvwj †`qvi ci †f`iMÄ K¨v‡¤úi KgvÛvi †eZ wb‡q Zvi Ici Suvwc‡q c‡o| G‡jvcvZvwo Ggbfv‡e wcUv‡Z _v‡K †h, ci ci wZbLvbv †eZ †f‡O hvq| Avevi wRÁvmv K‡i kvwšÍ †mb I PÂj †Kv_vq? A¯¿ †Kv_vq? ixbvi GKB DËi| wÿß n‡q ixbv‡K Zviv wmwjs‡qi m‡½ `wo w`‡q Szwj‡q †`q Ges `yB KgvÛvi `yw`K †_‡K GKm‡½ PveyK Pvjv‡Z _v‡K| gvivi mgq ixbv e‡jwQj ÔAvgv‡K Gfv‡e bv †g‡i G‡Kev‡i ¸wj K‡i †g‡i †djybÕ| Rev‡e Zviv e‡j, ÔmiKv‡ii GKUv ¸wji `vg Av‡Q, †Zv‡K mvZ w`b a‡i wcwU‡q †g‡i †dj‡ev| Aí c‡iB ixbv A‡PZb n‡q hvq| wKš‘ Zviv IB †`‡ni Ic‡iB PveyK Pvjv‡Z _v‡K| Ávb wd‡i G‡j ixbv †`‡L †h, †m †g‡Si Ici c‡o Av‡Q| cvwb PvB‡j Zv‡K cvwbI †`Iqv nqwb|1 Kg‡iW kvwšÍ †m‡bi ¯¿x iÿxevwnbxi Kv‡Q AvUK nIqv I wbh©vZb wb‡q GiKg GKwU wjwLZ wee„wZ w`‡qwQ‡jb| †mB mg‡q GB wee„wZ `viæY PvÂj¨ m„wó K‡i|



wZb 1971 mv‡ji 25 gvP© Zvwi‡L XvKv ivRvievM cywjk jvB‡b †h cywjk evwnbx cvK `Lj`vi evwnbxi weiæ‡× `„p cÖwZ‡iva M‡o Zz‡j exi‡Z¡i BwZnvm iPbv K‡iwQj, †mB cywjk evwnbxi eo AskB gyw³hyׇk‡l ¯^vaxb †`‡k wd‡i Av‡Mi †ckvq _vK‡Z Drmvn †eva Ki‡jv bv| 751 Rb cywjk m`m¨ ¯^vaxbZvi cÖ_g cÖn‡i jovB‡qi gq`v‡b cÖvY w`‡qwQ‡jb| Gme Kvi‡Y ¯^vaxbZvi c‡i mymsMwVZ GKwU evwnbx wn‡m‡e cywjk‡K `ªæZ cybM©wVZ Kiv hvqwb| KZ©e¨ m¤úv`b wKsev †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i kvwšÍi¶vi Rb¨ Dchy³ A¯¿k¯¿I Zv‡`i nv‡Z wQj bv| Gw`‡K `jxq



wPÎ-K_b: wgÎ evwnbxi cÖavb †Rbv‡ij A‡iviv I Kv‡`i wmwÏKxi mv‡_ gyw³hy×Kvjxb Uv½vB‡ji Kv‡`wiqv evwnbxi †emvgwiK cÖavb Av‡bvqvi Dj Avjg knx`| i¶xevwnbx‡Z wZwb †jd‡Ub¨v›U K‡b©j c`gh©v`vq DccwiPvjK (cÖwk¶Y) wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i‡Qb| G evwnbx wejyß K‡i evsjv‡`k †mbvevwnbx‡Z AvËxKiY Kiv n‡j wZwb †mbvevwnbx‡Z †jd‡Ub¨v›U K‡b©j wn‡m‡e cybwb©‡qvM cvb| cieZ©x‡Z wZwb ciivó« gš¿Yvj‡q Ges we‡`‡k evsjv‡`k wgkb I `~Zvev‡m K~UbxwZK wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| d‡Uv: msM„nxZ



ÔK¨vWviÕ I `ye„©Ë wKsev wec_Mvgx gyw³‡hv×viv †h mg¯Í A¯¿k¯¿ e¨envi Ki‡Zv †m¸‡jv wQj cywj‡ki A‡¯¿i †P‡q A‡bK DbœZgv‡bi| ¯^vaxbZvi ci ci evsjv‡`k I fvi‡Zi mxgvšÍ †PvivPvjv‡bi gy³v‡j cwiYZ n‡qwQj Ges cÖKvk¨ w`ev‡jv‡K †PvivPvjvb wQj ¯^vfvweK NUbv|2 †m cwiw¯’wZ‡Z `ye©j †emvgwiK cÖkvm‡bi Rb¨ †mbvevwnbxi mvnv‡h¨i `iKvi wQj| wKš‘ †mbvevwnbx‡K †emvgwiK Kv‡R †emvgwiK KZ©…c¶‡K mvnvh¨ Kivi Rb¨ Avgš¿Y Rvbv‡Z AvIqvgx jxM miKvi AvMÖnx wQj bv| KviY, hy×Kvjxb cvwK¯Ívwb †mbvevwnbxi ee©i AvPi‡Yi AwfÁZv I AvIqvgx jx‡Mi `xN© mgq a‡i jvwjZ wek¦v‡m Zviv g‡b Ki‡Zv,



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cÖvwZôvwbK †Kv‡bv †mbvevwnbx QvovB †`k Pvjv‡bv m¤¢e| cvwK¯Ívb Avg‡j wecyj m¤ú` mvgwiK evwnbxi Rb¨ eivÏ n‡Z †`‡L AvIqvgx jxM g‡b K‡iwQj †h, eo GKwU mvgwiK evwnbx jvjb Kiv evsjv‡`‡ki g‡Zv ÿz`ª I `wi`ª GKwU †`‡ki c‡¶ m¤¢e n‡e bv| GQvov, Z…Zxq we‡k¦i wewfbœ †`‡k mvgwiK Afz¨Ìv‡bi ÔwbqwgZÕ NUbv †`‡L AvIqvgx jxM †bZviv mvgwiK evwnbxi g‡Zv GKwU mymsMwVZ cÖwZôvb‡K ¶gZvmxb‡`i Rb¨ GKwU ÔûgwKÕ wn‡m‡eB g‡b Ki‡Zb| Gw`‡K fvi‡Zi `„wófw½I wQj evsjv‡`‡k eo AvaywbK mvgwiK evwnbx cÖwZôvi weiæ‡×| B‡Zvg‡a¨B fvi‡Zi c¶ †_‡K evsjv‡`k‡K wbðqZv †`qv n‡qwQj †h, evsjv‡`‡ki Ici †h‡Kv‡bv AvMÖvm‡bi mgq fvi‡Zi mwµq mvnvh¨ cvIqv hv‡e| fvi‡Zi c¶ †_‡K hyw³ cÖ`k©b K‡i cÖvqB ejv n‡Zv †h, evsjv‡`‡ki †MvUv m¤ú` RvZxq cybM©V‡bi Rb¨B e¨q nIqv DwPZ| bZzb miKv‡ii mvgwiK evwnbx m¤ú‡K© Ggb we‡ePbv I fviZxq B”Qvi mgxKi‡Y ivR‰bwZK wbqš¿Yvaxb GKwU Avav-mvgwiK evwnbx M‡o †Zvjvi wm×všÍ nq| gyw³hy× PjvKvjxb fvi‡Zi c¶ †_‡K evsjv‡`k‡K †evSv‡bv n‡qwQj †h, ¯^vaxbZvi ci ci kvwšÍi¶vi KvRUv Lye P¨v‡jwÄs n‡Z cv‡i| GB kvwšÍi¶vi mgm¨vi K_v we‡ePbvq †i‡L fviZxq Dc‡`óvi civgk© Abyhvqx Ôi¶xevwnbxÕ RvZxq GKwU Avav-mvgwiK evwnbx MV‡bi g~j aviYvwU KjKvZvq cÖevmx miKv‡ii wPšÍvq ¯’vb K‡i wb‡qwQj| GB Avav-mvgwiK evwnbxi j¶¨ n‡e, AvBbk„•Ljv i¶vi Rb¨ cywjk‡K mwµqfv‡e mvnvh¨ Kiv Ges cÖ‡qvRb‡ev‡a †mbvevwnbx‡K mvnvh¨ Kiv| wKš‘ GB evwnbx _vK‡e cy‡ivcywifv‡e ivR‰bwZK KZ©…c‡¶i wbqš¿‡Y| GB evwnbxi D‡Ïk¨ Ges Kvh©vejx m¤ú‡K© AvB‡b ejv nq †h, mywbw`©ó KZ©…c¶ cÖ‡qvRb‡ev‡a GB evwnbx‡K Af¨šÍixY kvwšÍ-k„•Ljvi Kv‡R †emvgwiK KZ©…c¶‡K mvnvh¨ Kivi Rb¨ wb‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡e|3 fviZxq Dc‡`óv Ges mvgwiK civgk©K‡`i cÖZ¨¶ mn‡hvwMZvq mg¯Í cÖ¯‘wZ †kl nevi m‡½ m‡½B 1972 mv‡ji 7 gvP© ÔRvZxq i¶xevwnbxÕ Av‡`k cÖYqb Kiv nq Ges 1 †deªæqvwi †_‡K Zv Kvh©Ki e‡j MY¨ Kivi wb‡`©k †`qv nq| fviZxq mvgwiK evwnbx †hw`b evsjv‡`k †_‡K P‡j hvq, †mw`b †_‡KB



Ôi¶xevwnbxÕ †gvZv‡qb Kiv nq|4 GKwU AvBb cÖ‡qvMKvix ms¯’v ev GKwU cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡e M‡o IVvi Rb¨ hv wKQz cÖ‡qvRb, †Zgb AvBbMZ KvVv‡gv i¶xevwnbx Av‡`‡k wQj bv|5 GUv Lye †KŠZ~n‡jvÏxcK †h, AvBb cÖYq‡bi Av‡MB Ôi¶xevwnbxÕ Zvi KvR ïiæ K‡i †`q| cieZ©xKv‡j Av‡`k Rvwii gva¨‡g †KejgvÎ G‡`i Kg©ZrciZv‡K †cQ‡bi ZvwiL †_‡K AvBbMZ wfwË cÖ`vb Kiv nq| Ôi¶xevwnbxÕ cÖavbZ †h mg¯Í `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i‡Q Zv n‡jv: †eAvBwb A¯¿ D×vi, mxgv‡šÍ †PvivPvjvb †iva, c‡Y¨i A‰ea ¸`vgRvZKiY I Kv‡jvevRvwi eÜ Ges P~ovšÍfv‡e miKv‡ii ivR‰bwZK cÖwZc¶ wbwðý Kiv|6



Pvi Ôi¶xevwnbxÕ bvgUv Aek¨ cÖ_‡g wQj bv| GB evwnbxi Rb¨ cÖ_‡g bvg fvev n‡qwQj b¨vkbvj wmwKDwiwU †dvm©, b¨vkbvj MvW©, Avg©W cywjk BZ¨vw`| evwnbxi m`m¨‡`i KvQ †_‡KB mycvwik Av‡m, †hb bvgUv evsjvq nq| †kl ch©šÍ miKviI evsjv bvgKi‡Yi wm×všÍ †bq| A‡bK Av‡jvPbvi ci bZzb evwnbxi bvg wVK Kiv nq ÔRvZxq i¶xevwnbxÕ (†RAviwe)|7 GB evwnbxi cÖvq mK‡jB wQ‡jb gyw³‡hv×v| GKUv eo Ask wQj ÔgywReevwnbxÕi| evwKiv ÔKv‡`wiqv evwnbxÕi m`m¨| Ôi¶xevwnbxÕ M‡o D‡VwQj GKB m‡½ miKvi cÖav‡bi Ggb GK ÔwbR¯^Õ cÖnix`j wn‡m‡e, hv‡`i Kvh©µg wQj S‡ov cywj‡ki g‡Zv Ges ˆZwi nw”Qj ÔweKí †mbvevwnbxÕi Av`‡j| 1972 mvj †_‡K 1975 mvj ch©šÍ cÖwk¶‡Yi gva¨‡g i¶xevwnbx M‡o †Zvjvi `vwqZ¡ hLb fviZxq‡`i nv‡Z ZLb evsjv‡`k mvgwiK evwnbx, wewWAvi I cywjk evwnbx cybM©V‡bi KvRwU †`‡ki wbR¯^ e¨e¯’vcbv‡ZB nw”Qj| GB ˆecixZ¨ wQj we¯§qKi I cÖkœ‡evaK| Av‡iv we¯§qKi wQj, cwiKwíZfv‡eB i¶xevwnbx‡K ivLv n‡qwQj cÖavbgš¿xi Aax‡b; ¯^ivóª gš¿Yvjq ev cÖwZi¶v gš¿Yvj‡qi Aax‡b bq| GB evwnbxi †cvkvK ivLv nq fviZxq †mbvevwnbxi g‡Zv| Avevi i¶xevwnbxi 304 305



gnvcwiPvjK K‡b©j b~iæ¾vgvb ÔevKkvjÕ-Gi †K›`ªxq KwgwUi 112 b¤^i m`m¨ wQ‡jb|8 fviZxq †mbvevwnbxi Av`‡j †cvkv‡Ki e¨vL¨v wn‡m‡e i¶xevwnbxi DccÖavb Rvbvb, evwnbxi Rb¨ cÖ_g †cvkv‡Ki Pvjvb Av‡m fviZ †_‡K| `yB ai‡bi †cvkvK cvVvq fviZ| GKUv LvwK †cvkvK, Av‡iKUv RjcvB i‡Oi †cvkvK| cvwK¯Ívwb †mbvevwnbxi †cvkvK †h‡nZz LvwK i‡Oi wQj, ZvB †KD GB †cvkvK †bqwb| RjcvB i‡Oi †cvkvKB i¶xiv †e‡Q †bq| cieZ©x mg‡q GB †cvkvKB Ôi¶xevwnbxÕi †cvkvK wn‡m‡e M„nxZ nq| A‡b‡KB g‡b Ki‡Zv, †h‡nZz fviZxq †mbviv GKB †cvkvK e¨envi K‡i ZvB GB evwnbxi †cvkv‡K fviZxq †mbvi AbycÖ‡ek NU‡e|9 i¶xevwnbxi Zid †_‡K Av‡iv hyw³ wQj, Avgv‡`i cÖwZ‡ekx wgqvbgv‡ii †mbvevwnbxI mvgwiK †cvkvK wn‡m‡e RjcvB i‡Oi Kvco e¨envi K‡i|10 Avevi †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv gnj ej‡Zv, Ôi¶xevwnbxÕi m`m¨‡`i †ewki fvMB fviZxq| KviY, Ôi¶xevwnbxÕi m`m¨‡`i g‡Zv Kv‡jv gvbyl evsjv‡`‡k †bBÕ|11 Z‡e Ôi¶xevwnbxÕi †cvkvK †_‡K RjcvB iO cwieZ©b Kivi wm×všÍ †NvwlZ n‡qwQj| i¶xevwnbxi wØZxq e¨v‡Pi m`m¨‡`i wk¶v mgvcbx KzPKvIqv‡Ri mgq miKvi ¯úóZB †NvlYv K‡iwQj †h, †cvkv‡Ki iO hZ`~i m¤¢e ZvovZvwo cwieZ©b Kiv n‡e| wØZxq e¨v‡Pi KzPKvIqvR Dcj‡¶ my¨‡fwb‡iI Gi D‡jøL wQj| evwnbxi PZz_© e¨v‡Pi m`m¨‡`i wk¶v mgvcbx KzPKvIqvR Dcj‡¶ cÖKvwkZ my¨‡fwb‡iI ¯úófv‡e D‡jøL Kiv nq †h, i¶xevwnbxi †cvkv‡Ki iO n‡e a~mi bxj|12 1975-G i¶xevwnbx wejyß n‡qwQj, A_P †Kv‡bv ÔARvbv Kvi‡YÕ Zvi RjcvB i‡Oi †cvkvK cwiewZ©Z nqwb| ÔgywReevwnbxÕi cÖavb cÖwk¶K †Rbv‡ij Dev‡bi civgk© I mnvqZvq Ôi¶xevwnbxÕ MwVZ nq e‡j †Rbv‡ij Devb `vwe K‡iwQ‡jb| GgbwK wZwb GUvI `vwe K‡iwQ‡jb †h, i¶xevwnbxi Awdmvi‡`i fvi‡Z wb‡q cÖwk¶Y I miÄvg †`evi wel‡q wZwbB fviZ miKvi‡K ivwR Kwi‡qwQ‡jb|13 fviZxq cÖavbgš¿xi ZrKvjxb gyL¨ mwPe ci‡gk¦i bvivqY nvKmv‡ii gva¨‡gB Ôi¶xevwnbxÕi cÖavbZg cÖwk¶K wn‡m‡e †Rbv‡ij Dev‡bi



wbhyw³ N‡UwQj, hw`I AvbyôvwbKfv‡e evsjv‡`‡k Dev‡bi c`gh©v`v wQj ÔcÖavbgš¿xi e¨w³MZ Dc‡`óvÕ|14



wPÎ-K_b: iÿxevwnbx‡Z †jvK wb‡qv‡Mi AvKl©Yxq weÁvcb| cwÎKvi cÖ_g cvZvq Pvi Kjvg Ry‡o wQ‡jv GB weÁvcb| weÁvcbwU Qvcv n‡qwQ‡jv 1975 mv‡ji RyjvB gv‡m| d‡Uv †µwWU: msM„nxZ



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wPÎ-K_b: ivR‰bwZK cÖwZcÿwebvkx iÿxevwnbx gywRe Avg‡ji MYwe‡ivax KzL¨vZ ÔiÿxevwnbxÕ| cy‡iv bvg RvZxq iÿxevwnbx (†RAviwe)| bv‡g RvZxq iÿxevwnbx n‡jI GUv g~jZ wQj d¨vwmev`x miKvi I kvmK‡Mvôx‡K Zv‡`i RbwcÖq MYwfwËm¤úbœ ivR‰bwZK cÖwZØ›Øx I cÖwZc‡ÿi ivR‰bwZK P¨v‡j‡Äi nvZ †_‡K AivR‰bwZKfv‡e, AMYZvwš¿K kw³ cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g ÔmyiÿvÕ †`qv, Ôwbivc`Õ K‡i †Zvjv| ¯^vaxb ivóª wnmv‡e hvÎv ïiæi cieZ©x AšÍZ Aa© kZvãxi BwZnv‡m mePvB‡Z MYwaK…Z ivóªxq evwnbx GB iÿxevwnbx| gywRe miKv‡ii AMYZvwš¿K ivóª e¨e¯’vcbv I cwiPvjbvi weiæ‡× µgvMZ RbwcÖq I kw³kvjx n‡q IVv cÖwZev`x I cÖwZØ›Øx ivR‰bwZK †Mvôx‡K wbg~©j KivB wQj GB we‡kl evwnbxi g~j jÿ¨ I `vwqZ¡| AMYb gvbyl‡K AeY©bxq wbh©vZb Avi nvRvi nvRvi gvbyl nZ¨vi `vq i‡q‡Q G‡`i| ivóªxq wbqwgZ evwnbx ejv n‡jI wbqwgZ evwnbxi kZ© c~iY Kiv nqwb| gywRe miKv‡ii we‡ePbv I fviZxq B”Qvi mgxKi‡Y GB Avav-mvgwiK evwnbx M‡o †Zvjvi wm×všÍ n‡qwQj| wKš‘ ÔiÿxevwnbxÕ‡K cÖwZiÿv wKsev ¯^ivóª gš¿Yvj‡qi Aax‡b bv w`‡q ivLv n‡qwQj mivmwi cÖavbgš¿x †kL gywR‡ei Aax‡b| M‡o D‡VwQj cÖavbgš¿xi wbR¯^ ivóªxq evwnbx wn‡m‡e Ges ˆZwi nw”Qj ÔweKí †mbvevwnbxÕi Av`‡j| GB evwnbxi Dw`© ev BDwbdg© ivLv n‡qwQj fviZxq †mbvevwnbxi g‡Zv| Rbg‡b µgk aviYv ˆZwi n‡qwQj †h, †h‡nZz fviZxq †mbvevwnbx GKB iKg RjcvB i‡Oi Dw`© ev †cvkvK e¨envi K‡i, ZvB GB †cvkv‡K evsjv‡`‡k fviZxq †mbvevwnbxi AbycÖ‡ek NU‡e| Ggb aviYvI wQj †h, iÿxevwnbxi †ewki fvM m`m¨B fviZxq| mshy³ Av‡jvKwPÎwU‡Z AweKj fviZxq †mbvevwnbxi g‡Zv Dw`© cwiwnZ iÿxevwnbxi GKRb ˆmwbK‡K `vwq‡Z¡ wb‡qvwRZ †`Lv hv‡”Q, hvi nv‡Z AZ¨vaywbK ¯^qswµq ivB‡dj, †hUv †mj&d& †jvwWs ivB‡dj (GmGjAvi) wKsev Kvjvk&wbKf& ivB‡dj (G‡K-47) wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| Qwe‡Z iÿxevwnbxi GB ˆmwbK‡K Lv`¨km¨evnx GKwU Uªv‡Ki Dci cÖniviZ †`Lv hv‡”Q, hv IB mg‡qi Lv`¨ msKU I AvBbk„•Ljv cwiw¯’wZi gvivZ¥K AebwZi wPÎ Zz‡j a‡i‡Q| miKvi`jxq K¨vWvi‡`i Øviv Lv`¨‡evSvB UªvK wQbZvB nw”Qj, Avi ÿzavZ© bvix-cyiæ‡li nv‡Z Lv`¨km¨ jyU nIqvi fq wQj| gyw³hy× PjvKvjxb fviZxq civg‡k© KjKvZvq cÖevmx miKvi GB evwnbx M‡o Zzj‡e e‡j wVK K‡iwQj| fviZxq Dc‡`óv I mvgwiK civgk©K‡`i cÖZ¨ÿ mn‡hvwMZvq 1972 mv‡ji †deªæqvwii ïiæ‡ZB `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b †gvZv‡qb Kiv nq iÿxevwnbx‡K| ÔgywReevwnbxÕi cÖwkÿK fviZxq †mbvevwnbxi †Rbv‡ij Devb wQ‡jb GB evwnbxi cÖavbZg cÖwkÿK| evwnbxi Awdmvi Ges KL‡bv †RwmI-‡`iI cÖwkÿY †`qv n‡Zv fvi‡Z| Avi mvaviY ˆmwbK‡`i cÖwkÿY †`qv n‡Zv XvKvi mvfv‡i| K‡qKwU we‡kl †Rjvi †jvK‡`iB GLv‡b wb‡qvM Kiv n‡Zv| we‡klZ ÔgywReevwnbxÕ Avi



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Uv½vB‡ji ÔKv‡`wiqv evwnbxÕi Rb¨ iÿxevwnbxi Øvi wQj Db¥y³| G‡`i †`qv n‡qwQj mxgvnxb MYwe‡ivax ÿgZv Avi bwRiwenxb ÔBb‡Wg&wbwUÕ ev `vqgyw³; hvi e‡`Šj‡Z Zviv †`‡ki we¯ÍxY© AÂj Ry‡o Îv‡mi ivRZ¡ Kv‡qg K‡iwQj| wKš‘ †kl iÿv nqwbÑ †kl ch©šÍ †Kv‡bv Kv‡R Av‡mwb miKvi cÖav‡bi GB wbR¯^ ivóªxq evwnbx| Õ75-Gi 15 AvM‡÷i cÖZz¨‡l K‡qK nvRvi ˆmwbKmn iÿxevwnbxi m`i `߇i ïiæ‡ZB AvZ¥mgc©Y K‡iwQj GB evwnbx| Avi †cÖwm‡W›U †kL gywR‡ei evmfe‡b cÖniviZ iÿxevwnbxi ˆmwbKiv †Kv‡bv iKg Ôwec‡`i SzuwKÕ bv wb‡q cÖ_g my‡hv‡MB AvZ¥mgc©Y K‡iwQj| d‡Uv †µwWU: w÷f& †igvi/b¨vkbvj wRIMÖvwdK



Ôi¶xevwnbxÕi Ab¨vb¨ cÖwk¶K wn‡m‡eI GK we‡kl wPšÍvi I ivR‰bwZK gZv`‡k©i gvbyl wb‡qvM †`qv n‡qwQj| gyw³hy×Kv‡j fviZxq wkwe‡i ÔgywReevwnbxÕi cÖwk¶K‡`i g‡a¨ hviv mgvRZš¿-we‡ivax g‡bvfvevcbœ wQ‡jb e‡j †`Lv hvq, Zv‡`iB evQvB K‡i i¶xevwnbxi cÖwk¶K Kiv nq| cÖwk¶‡Yi †¶‡Î GKwU A™¢yZ e¨vcvi wQjÑ Gi Awdmvi‡`i Ges †¶Îwe‡k‡l my‡e`vi‡`iI cÖwk¶Y †`qv n‡Zv fvi‡Z Ges ˆmwbK‡`i cÖwk¶Y †`qv n‡Zv XvKvi mvfv‡i|15 Ôi¶xevwnbxÕ‡Z †jvK wb‡qv‡M we‡kl mZK©Zv Aej¤^b Kiv n‡qwQj| K‡qKwU we‡kl †Rjv Qvov Ab¨ GjvKvi †jvK‡`i Ôi¶xevwnbxÕ‡Z †bqv n‡Zv bv| we‡kl K‡i Uv½vB‡ji ÔKv‡`wiqv evwnbxÕi Rb¨ Ôi¶xevwnbxÕi Øvi Db¥y³ wQj|16 Ôi¶xevwnbxÕi mvdj¨ eY©bv Kivi mgqI GB evwnbxi Avµg‡Yi j¶¨ m¤ú‡K© aviYv Kiv hvq| i¶xevwnbxi mv‡eK GK kxl© Kg©KZ©v Kv‡Ri mvdj¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z wM‡q e‡j‡Qb, Ôi¶xevwnbxi Awfhv‡bi d‡j †`‡ki mš¿vmx `j¸‡jv, we‡kl K‡i bK&kvj evwnbx, me©nviv, c~e© cvwK¯Ívb KwgDwb÷ cvwU© (GgGj), c~e© evsjv KwgDwb÷ cvwU© (GgGj), mvg¨ev`x `j I Rvm‡`i ÔMYevwnbxÕi ZrciZv A‡bKUv wb‡¯ÍR n‡q c‡o|Õ17 A_©vr, g~jZ evgcwš’‡`i weiæ‡×B Ôi¶xevwnbxÕi Awfhvb cwiPvwjZ n‡qwQj| GB evwnbx MV‡bi mgq ejv n‡qwQj, Ô`¶ gyw³‡hv×v‡`i †`‡ki Kv‡R cybe©vm‡bi j‡¶¨Õ i¶xevwnbxi m„wó| A_P cwiPvjK‡`i g‡a¨ gvÎ `yÕRb‡K †bqv nq gyw³‡hv×v‡`i g‡a¨ †_‡K, Av‡bvqvi-Dj-Avjg knx`‡K †bqv



nq ÔKv‡`wiqv evwnbxÕ †_‡K Ges mv‡ivqvi †nv‡mb wQ‡jb ÔgywReevwnbxÕi gv`vixcyi A‡ji GKRb KgvÛvi| evwK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cwiPvjK AwaKvskB wQ‡jb cvwK¯Ívb cÖZ¨vMZ mvgwiK Awdmvi| GKvˇii gyw³hy‡×i gva¨‡g M‡o IVv evsjv‡`k †mbvevwnbxi Awdmvi‡Mvôx †_‡K K‡b©j b~iæ¾vgvb e¨ZxZ Kv‡ivB VuvB nqwb i¶xevwnbxi m‡e©v”P cwim‡i|18 Z‡e GUvI wVK †h, gyw³hy‡× AskMÖnYKvix c`¯’ †mbv Kg©KZ©v wQ‡jb me©mvKz‡j¨ 18-19 Rb| ¯^vaxbZvi Av‡M GKRb Qvov Zviv mevB Ô†gRiÕ wQ‡jb| wKQzmsL¨K †mbv Kg©KZ©v‡K ZLb beMwVZ evsjv‡`k ivB‡dj&m-G wb‡qvM w`‡Z nq| d‡j i¶xevwnbx‡Z G Gb Gg b~iæ¾vgvb Qvov Avi †Kv‡bv †mbv Kg©KZ©v‡K wb‡qvM w`‡Z cÖavb †mbvcwZ Gg G wR Imgvbx ivwR wQ‡jb bv|19



cvuP Ôi¶xevwnbxÕ KvR ïiæ Ki‡jv| KvR ïiæi c‡iB AvBbk„•Ljv i¶vi Kv‡R i¶xevwnbxi c¶cvZg~jK AvPiY mK‡ji bR‡i Avm‡Z _v‡K| Zv Qvov mvgwiK evwnbx‡K ewÂZ K‡i i¶xevwnbx‡K miKvi DbœZ †eZb, †LvivK, †cvkvK-cwi”Q` BZ¨vw` my‡hvM-myweav w`‡”Q e‡j cÖPviYv ïiæ nq|20 mvgwiK evwnbx‡Z gyw³‡hv×v Ges Agyw³‡hv×v‡`i g‡a¨ gvbwmK `~iZ¡ _vK‡jI Ôi¶xevwnbxÕi Kvh©Kjv‡ci weiæ‡× mK‡jB GKgZ †cvlY Ki‡Zb| mKj m`‡m¨iB `„p wek¦vm wQj, i¶xevwnbxi ev‡RU cÖwZi¶v ev‡RU †_‡K A‡bK †ewk| Ges i¶xevwnbxi im` †_‡K ïiæ K‡i mKj miÄv‡gi myweav Ab¨vb¨ evwnbxi †P‡q fv‡jv wQj e‡j e¨vcKfv‡e wek¦vm Kiv n‡Zv|21 hw`I Ôi¶xevwnbxÕi m`m¨‡`i †eZ‡bi †¯‹j Ges Lvevi I †cvkv‡Ki myweav wQj cywj‡ki g‡Zv, hv wQj †mbvevwnbxi †P‡q A‡bK Kg|22 1973-74 A_©eQ‡i i¶xevwnbxi ev‡RU wQj me©mvKz‡j¨ 9 †KvwU UvKv Ges †mB mgq †mbvevwnbxi ev‡RU wQj 92 †KvwU UvKv, hv Avevi evwo‡q 122 †KvwU UvKv Kiv n‡qwQj|23 1975 mv‡ji 15 AvM‡÷i gg©vwšÍK NUbvi ci Ôi¶xevwnbxÕ‡K Zvi mg¯Í A¯¿k¯¿ I †Mvjveviæ`mn hLb †mbvevwnbx‡Z AvËxKiY Kiv nq, ZLb Kx 310 311



†`Lv †Mj? Ôi¶xevwnbxÕi nv‡Z †Zgb †Kv‡bv A¯¿k¯¿ Avi †Mvjveviæ`B †bB| A‡¯¿i g‡a¨ wQj GmGgwR, AZ¨vaywbK ivB‡dj, GjGgwR I K‡qKwU gU©vi|24 Ôi¶xevwnbxÕ m`¨¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡k GK we‡kl ivR‰bwZK evwnbx wn‡m‡e AeY©bxq Îv‡mi ivRZ¡ Kv‡qg K‡i| Zviv ¸g, †MÖßvi, wbh©vZ‡bi Ggb me †iKW© ˆZwi K‡i, hv Av‡Mi mg¯Í bwRi‡K Qvwo‡q hvq| 1975G i¶xevwnbx wejyß Kivi ci wSbvB`‡ni KvjxM‡Ä i¶xevwnbxi GKwU K¨v¤ú D‡V †M‡j †mLv‡b MYKei Avwe®‹vi nq| †mLv‡b 60wU biK¼vj cvIqv wM‡qwQj| Abygvb Kiv hvq, GB nZfvM¨iv i¶xevwnbxi nv‡Z wbnZ n‡qwQ‡jb|25 wewkó evgcwš’ ivRbxwZK I eyw×Rxex nvq`vi AvKei Lvb i‡bv i¶xevwnbxi nv‡Z `k nvRv‡ii †ewk KwgDwb÷, evgcwš’ Kg©x-mg_©K I mvaviY gvbyl wbnZ n‡q‡Qb e‡j `vwe K‡i‡Qb|26 1974 mv‡ji 25 Rvbyqvwi Ôˆ`wbK MYKÉÕ‡Z cÖKvwkZ RvZxq msm‡`i cÖ‡kœvˇii weei‡Y †`Lv hvq, †Kej 1973 mv‡j i¶xevwnbx 4 nvRvi 196 e¨w³‡K AvUK K‡iwQj|27 KvjxM‡Ä i¶xevwnbxi `yÕwU K¨v¤ú wQj| GKwU KvjxMÄ evRv‡i, AciwU wQj MvRxi nv‡U (Kvjvi evRvi bv‡gI cwiwPZ)| Avi G¸‡jv wbqwš¿Z n‡Zv cvk¦©eZ©x wSbvB`‡ni bvwi‡Kjevwoqv †_‡K| †mLv‡b wQj i¶xevwnbxi eo GKwU K¨v¤ú| Kvjvi evRv‡i i¶xevwnbx MYKei¯’vb M‡o Zz‡jwQj| GLv‡b 20-25 MÖv‡gi gvbyl‡K GKwÎZ K‡i ï‡q co‡Z AW©vi †`qv n‡Zv| Zvici †m me gvby‡li Ici w`‡q gvP© K‡i †hZ i¶xevwnbxi ˆmwbKiv| bK&kvj‡`i cÖwZ mnvbyf~wZ _vKvi `v‡q G kvw¯Í †`qv n‡Zv MÖvgevmx‡`i|28 i¶xevwnbx A‡bK Zz”Q NUbvq ¶gZvi Ace¨envi K‡i Rb‡ivl e‡q G‡bwQj| †hgb, 1973 mv‡ji 29 Ryb PÆMÖv‡g B÷vb© widvBbvwii GKwU evm GB evwnbxi GKwU jwi‡K Ifvi‡UK Ki‡j i¶xevwnbxi m`m¨iv IB Mvwo †NivI K‡i Zv‡Z ¸wjel©Y K‡i| G‡Z GKRb kÖwgK NUbv¯’‡jB wbnZ nq| AvnZ nq A‡b‡K|29 mviv MÖvg †NivI K‡i GB evwnbx A¯¿, Ô`y®‹…ZKvixÕ Ges ÔivR‰bwZK



wPÎ-K_b: gy³ dzjMvRx‡Z fviZxq evwnbxi c~e©vÂjxq KgvÛ-cÖavb †j.†R. RMwRr I A‡ivivi m‡½ gyw³evwnbxi †m±i KgvÛvi †gRi iwdKzj Bmjvg| gyw³‡hv×v‡`i ¸YMZ gvb wb‡q wZwb e‡jwQ‡jb gyw³‡hv×v‡`i gvb bq msL¨v evov‡bvB j¶¨ wQ‡jv| d‡Uv: msM„nxZ



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312 313



cÖavb KviY, †mbvevwnbx, cywjk wKsev G ai‡bi ms¯’vi g‡Zv wbq‡gi wbM‡o Zviv Ave× wQj bv|6 i¶xevwnbxi †h‡Kv‡bv m`m¨ ev Awdmvi webv Iqv‡i‡›U †KejgvÎ m‡›`nekZ AvB‡bi cwicwš’ ZrciZvq wjß _vKvi Awf‡hv‡M †h‡Kv‡bv e¨w³‡K †MÖßvi, †h‡Kv‡bv e¨w³-¯’vb-hvbevnb-†bŠhvb BZ¨vw` Zjøvwk Ges AvBbk„•Ljvwe‡ivax Kv‡R e¨eüZ n‡”Q, ïaygvÎ Ggb m‡›`‡n †h‡Kv‡bv mvgMÖx ev‡Rqvß Ki‡Z cvi‡Zv|30 Dciš‘ i¶xevwnbxi m`m¨‡`i bRxiwenxb ÔBb‡WgwbwUÕ ev Ô`vqgyw³Õ †`qv n‡qwQj| hvi A_©Ñ m`m¨iv Zv‡`i †h‡Kv‡bv KvR mij wek¦v‡m K‡i‡Qb e‡j MY¨ Kiv n‡e Ges G wb‡q Zv‡`i weiæ‡× †Kv‡bv gvgjv `v‡qi, Awf‡hvM †ck wKsev AvBbMZ †Kv‡bv c`‡¶c †bqv hv‡e bv|30 hLb Zviv gdt¯^j GjvKvq wM‡q wb‡R‡`i wkwei ¯’vcb Ki‡Zv wb‡R‡`i KZ©…Z¡ Rvwn‡ii Rb¨ ZLb †Rjv cÖkvmb wKsev Ab¨vb¨ KZ©…c‡¶i Kv‡Q ÔAvMgbx wi‡cvU©Õ †`qvi cÖ‡qvRb g‡b Ki‡Zv bv|31 Av`vj‡Zi Kv‡Q cÖ‡kœvËi ch©v‡q i¶xevwnbxi Awdmviiv ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb †h, Zv‡`i †Kv‡bv Kvh©wewa wKsev AvPiYwewa wQj bv| wb‡R‡`i KvRK‡g©i †Kv‡bv weeiYx wKsev KvMRcÎ ev `wjj Zviv msi¶Y Ki‡Zb bv| †Kv‡bv †MÖßvi wKsev Zjøvwki †iKW©I Zviv ivL‡Zb bv| Zvn‡j Zviv Kxfv‡e KvR Ki‡QbÑ Av`vj‡Zi Ggb cÖ‡kœi Rev‡e i¶xevwnbxi GKRb wmwbqi †WcywU wjWvi nvwdR DwÏb D×Zfv‡e Reve w`‡qwQ‡jb, ÔAvgiv †hfv‡e KvR Kiv fv‡jv g‡b Kwi †mfv‡eB Kwi|Õ cÖ‡kœvËi ch©v‡q nvwdR DwÏb Rvwb‡qwQ‡jb, A¯¿k¯¿ ev †Mvjveviæ‡`i wnmv‡ei Rb¨ †Kv‡bv †iwR÷viI Zv‡`i wQj bv|32 wb‡R‡`i Giv ÔAciv‡Rq kw³Õ g‡b Ki‡Zv| †eAvBwb A¯¿ D×v‡ii Awfhvb cwiPvjbvKv‡j Zviv †hLv‡b Lywk †mLv‡b wkwei ¯’vcb Ki‡Zv| m‡›`nfvRb †jvK‡`i a‡i wkwe‡i wb‡q Avm‡Zv| ¯^xKv‡ivw³ Av`v‡qi Rb¨ †h‡Kv‡bv iKg wbh©vZ‡bi cš’v Aej¤^b Ki‡Zv| †Kv‡bv iwm` bv w`‡q ZjøvwkKv‡j Zviv RbM‡Yi m¤úwË Rã Kivi bv‡g niY Ki‡Zv| N‡i N‡i Xz‡K jyU Ki‡Zv Nwo, UªvbwR÷vi ev †iwWImn Ab¨vb¨ g~j¨evb mvgMÖx| cÖv‡Yi f‡q †KD Zv‡`i AvPi‡Yi cÖwZev` Kivi mvnm †c‡Zv bv| Ggb LeiI cvIqv hvq †h, evRv‡i wM‡q †`vKv‡b †`vKv‡b Ny‡i Zviv UvKv



wPÎ-K_b: ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡k webv wePv‡i nZ¨vi ms¯‹…wZ †K Pvjy K‡i‡Q Zv wb‡q ivR‰bwZK wkwe‡i bvbv eqvb Pvjy Av‡Q| AvIqvgx jxM ejvi †Póv K‡i webv wePv‡i nZ¨vi Rb¨ g~j Awfhy³ evwnbx i¨ve †h‡nZy Lv‡j`v wRqvi Avg‡j ˆZwi ZvB cÖvwZôvwbKfv‡e evsjv‡`‡k webv wePv‡i nZ¨vKvÐ ïiæi `vq Lv‡j`v wRqvi| BwZnvm e‡j, webv wePv‡i nZ¨vi Bw½Z †kL gywReB cÖKv‡k¨ †`b Ges Zv RvZxq ˆ`wb‡K djvI K‡i cÖPvi KivI nq ¯^vaxbZvi gvÎ K‡qKgvm c‡iB| 1972 mv‡ji 22 Ryb †bvqvLvjx‡Z knx` fyjy †÷wWqvg cÖvq 7 jvL †jv‡Ki GK mgv‡e‡k ZrKvjxb cÖavbgš¿x †kL gywReyi ingvb †NvlYv K‡ib, ÒmgvRwe‡ivaxiv hw` Zv‡`i N„Y¨ Kvh©Kjvc †_‡K weiZ bv nq Zvn‡j Zv‡`i ¸wj K‡i nZ¨v Kiv n‡eÓ| 1972 mv‡ji 23 Ryb cÖKvwkZ Ôˆ`wbK c~e©‡`kÕ-Gi cÖwZ‡e`‡b †kL gywR‡ei †mB e³e¨ cÖKvwkZ nq| GB †NvlYv wQ‡jv †kL gywR‡ei Aaxb¯Í wgwjwkqv i¶x evwnbxi nv‡Z nvRvi nvRvi gvbyl‡K webv wePv‡i nZ¨vi c~e©vfvl| d‡Uv: msM„nxZ



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gywRe miKv‡ii cwiKíbv wQj ÔevKkv‡jÕi cÖ‡Z¨K †Rjv Mfb©‡ii Aax‡b i¶xevwnbxi GKwU K‡i BDwbU †gvZv‡qb Kiv| d‡j `ªæZ GB evwnbxi weKvk NUv‡bv nw”Qj| 15 AvM‡÷i mvgwiK Afz¨Ìv‡bi c~e©gyn~‡Z©I †Rjv Mfb©iiv cÖwk¶YiZ wQ‡jb Ges 14 AvM÷ we‡K‡jI GB Mfb©i‡`i cÖwk¶Y w`w”Q‡jb iÿxevwnbxi GKRb Kg©KZ©v|34 1975 mv‡ji 6 A‡±vei L›`Kvi †gvkZvK Avng‡`i †bZ…Z¡vaxb miKvi GK AwW©b¨v‡Ýi gva¨‡g i¶xevwnbx‡K †mbvevwnbx‡Z AšÍfz©³ Kivi †NvlYv †`q| G msµvšÍ †M‡RU cÖKvwkZ nq 9 A‡±vei| GB wb‡`©kbvq i¶xevwnbxi hveZxq A¯¿k¯¿, e¨vsK e¨vj¨vÝ, hvbevnb BZ¨vw` †mbvevwnbx A_ev Ab¨vb¨ cÖwZi¶v evwnbxi Kv‡Q n¯ÍvšÍi Kivi †NvlYv †`qv nq| G cÖwµqvq XvKvi mvfvi, PÆMÖv‡gi fvwUqvix, Lyjbvi wMjZjv, wm‡j‡Ui e‡Uk¦i BZ¨vw` ¯’v‡b wecyj f~-m¤ú‡`i gvwjKvbv jvf QvovI †mbvevwnbx‡Z i¶xevwnbxi AvËxKiY evsjv‡`‡k †mbv AvgjvZš¿ we¯Í…Z Kivi GK Dcjÿ n‡qwQj|34 †mbvevwnbx‡Z i¶xevwnbxi AvËxKiY ïiæ nq 1975-Gi 12 A‡±vei| Lye ax‡i GB AvËxKiY m¤úbœ nw”Qj| Awdmvi‡`i ¯^í‡gqvw` cÖwk¶‡Yi gva¨‡g AvËxKiY Kiv nq| cy‡iv c`‡¶cwU AvBbMZfv‡e mwVK avivq G‡Mv‡jI cÖkvmwbKfv‡e wQj Awfbe Ges we¯§qKi| Zviv Ggb GKwU evwnbx‡K †`‡ki myk„•Lj cÖwZi¶v KvVv‡gv‡Z GKxf~Z K‡i †bq, †h evwnbx ¯^ivóª ev cÖwZi¶v †Kv‡bv gš¿Yvj‡qi Aaxb¯Í wQj bv, †h evwnbx M‡o D‡VwQj wfbœ GKwU †`‡ki †mbv Kg©KZ©v‡`i mswkøóZv I ZË¡veav‡b, †h evwnbxi Rbe‡ji weivU GK As‡ki mvgwiK Rxe‡bi ïiæ n‡qwQj we‡`wk †Mv‡q›`v ms¯’vi ZË¡veav‡b Ges †h evwnbxi weiæ‡× gvbevwaKvi j•N‡bi wek¦vm‡hvM¨ I we‡ePbv‡hvM¨ Awf‡hvM wQj| GZm‡ei ciI †Kv‡bv ai‡bi cÖKvk¨ Z`šÍ ev Revew`wnZvi gy‡LvgywL bv K‡iB Ges Zvi m`m¨‡`i †gav, †hvM¨Zv I AZxZ ivR‰bwZK m¤ú„³Zv m¤ú‡K© Rbg‡b cÖkœ _vKvi ciI ivóªxq †mbvevwnbxi g‡Zv myk„•Lj GKwU evwnbx‡Z GKxf~Z Kiv nq|35 cieZ©xKv‡j †cÖwm‡W›U wRqvDi ingvb wb‡Ri Rxeb w`‡q GUv cÖgvY K‡i †M‡Qb †h, GB wm×všÍ mwVK wQj bv| wRqvDi ingvb‡K nZ¨vi NUbvq Awfhy³ mvgwiK Kg©KZ©v‡`i g‡a¨ AšÍZ PviRb wQ‡jb i¶xevwnbx †_‡K AvËxK…Z|



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m~Î: 1. gywReevwnbx †_‡K MYevwnbx : BwZnv‡mi cybc©vV; AvjZvd cvi‡fR, HwZn¨, †deªæqvwi 2015, c„ôv: 469-470 2. evsjv‡`k : †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi kvmbKvj; gI`y` Avng`, RMjyj Avjg Ab~w`Z, BDwcGj, †deªæqvwi 2016, c„ôv: 73 3. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 76 4. gywReevwnbx †_‡K MYevwnbx : BwZnv‡mi cybc©vV; AvjZvd cvi‡fR, HwZn¨, †deªæqvwi 2015, c„ôv: 257 5. evsjv‡`k : †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi kvmbKvj; gI`y` Avng`, RMjyj Avjg Ab~w`Z, BDwcGj, †deªæqvwi 2016, c„ôv: 74-75 6. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 77 7. i¶xevwnbxi mZ¨ wg_¨v; Av‡bvqvi-Dj-Avjg, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, 2013, c„ôv: 21 8. gywReevwnbx †_‡K MYevwnbx : BwZnv‡mi cybc©vV; AvjZvd cvi‡fR, HwZn¨, †deªæqvwi 2015, c„ôv: 219 9. i¶xevwnbxi mZ¨ wg_¨v; Av‡bvqvi-Dj-Avjg, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, 2013, c„ôv: 34 10. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 37 11. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 71 12. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 70 13. GK †Rbv‡i‡ji bxie mv¶¨ : ¯^vaxbZvi cÖ_g `kK; †gRi †Rbv‡ij (Ae.) gBbyj †nv‡mb †PŠayix exiweµg, gvIjv eªv`vm©, GwcÖj 2014, c„ôv: 38-39 14. gywReevwnbx †_‡K MYevwnbx : BwZnv‡mi cybc©vV; AvjZvd cvi‡fR, HwZn¨, †deªæqvwi 2015, c„ôv: 223 15. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 226 16. evsjv‡`‡k ivR‰bwZK nZ¨vKv‡Ði m~Pbvce© : BwZnv‡mi KvVMovq AvIqvgx jxM; Avn‡g` gymv, Wvbv cvewjkvm©, †deªæqvwi 1988, c„ôv: 30 17. i¶xevwnbxi mZ¨ wg_¨v; Av‡bvqvi-Dj-Avjg, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, 2013, c„ôv: 78 18. gywReevwnbx †_‡K MYevwnbx : BwZnv‡mi cybc©vV; AvjZvd cvi‡fR, HwZn¨, †deªæqvwi 2015, c„ôv: 224 19. i¶xevwnbxi mZ¨ wg_¨v; Av‡bvqvi-Dj-Avjg, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, 2013, c„ôv: 35 20. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 79 21. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 81 22. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 83 23. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 86 24. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 87 25. evsjv‡`‡k ivR‰bwZK nZ¨vKv‡Ði m~Pbvce©: BwZnv‡mi KvVMovq AvIqvgx jxM; Avn‡g` gymv, Wvbv cvewjkvm©, †deªæqvwi 1988, c„ôv: 28 26. gywReevwnbx †_‡K MYevwnbx: BwZnv‡mi cybc©vV; AvjZvd cvi‡fR, HwZn¨, †deªæqvwi 2015, c„ôv: 271 27. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 219-220 28. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 289



29. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 273 30. evsjv‡`k : †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi kvmbKvj; gI`y` Avng`, RMjyj Avjg Ab~w`Z, BDwcGj, †deªæqvwi 2016, c„ôv: 78 31. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 80 32. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 81-82 33. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 84 34. gywReevwnbx †_‡K MYevwnbx : BwZnv‡mi cybc©vV; AvjZvd cvi‡fR, HwZn¨, †deªæqvwi 2015, c„ôv: 227 35. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 228 36. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 263 37. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 264 38. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 259 39. evsjv‡`k : †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi kvmbKvj; gI`y` Avng`, RMjyj Avjg Ab~w`Z, BDwcGj, †deªæqvwi 2016, c„ôv: 85 40. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 86 41. evsjv‡`‡k ivR‰bwZK nZ¨vKv‡Ði m~Pbvce© : BwZnv‡mi KvVMovq AvIqvgx jxM; Avn‡g` gymv, Wvbv cvewjkvm©, †deªæqvwi 1988, c„ôv: 30 42. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 30 43. gywReevwnbx †_‡K MYevwnbx : BwZnv‡mi cybc©vV; AvjZvd cvi‡fR, HwZn¨, †deªæqvwi 2015, c„ôv: 253 44. evsjv‡`‡k ivR‰bwZK nZ¨vKv‡Ði m~Pbvce© : BwZnv‡mi KvVMovq AvIqvgx jxM; Avn‡g` gymv, Wvbv cvewjkvm©, †deªæqvwi 1988, c„ôv: 138 45. i¶xevwnbxi mZ¨ wg_¨v; Av‡bvqvi Dj Avjg, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, 2013, c„ôv: 36 46. Rvm‡`i DÌvb cZb : Aw¯’i mg‡qi ivRbxwZ; gwnDwÏb Avng`, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, 2014, c„ôv: 134 47. 1975 mvj; ˆmq` Avjx Avnmvb; evW Kw¤cÖ›U GÛ cvewj‡KkÝ; cÖKvkKvj-2002; c„ôv: 140-141



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wPÎ-K_b: cÖwZev`x we‡ÿv‡f Avav-mvgvwiK iÿxevwnbxi A¨vK&kb 1974-Gi 17 gvP©, Gw`b ¯^vaxb †`‡ki ivRavbx‡Z cÖ_g cÖej ivR‰bwZK cÖwZev`x we‡ÿv‡fi weiæ‡× Avav-mvgwiK ÔiÿxevwnbxÕ †ec‡ivqvfv‡e Suvwc‡q c‡owQj| mvgwiK I †emvgwiK gyw³‡hv×v‡`i i³ÿqx hy‡×i g‡a¨ w`‡q AwR©Z ¯^vaxb iv‡óª m~Pbv †_‡KB miKv‡ii MYZ‡š¿i cwicwš’ I MYwe‡ivax kvm‡bi weiæ‡× Õ74-Gi ïiæ‡ZB me©vZ¥K Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zvjvi cwiKíbv K‡iwQj Rvm`| Õ72-Gi b‡f¤^‡i hvÎv ïiæ K‡i e¨vcK Rbmg_©b I RbwcÖqZvi g‡a¨ w`‡q Lye `ªæZ kw³kvjx n‡q DV‡Z _v‡K mvgwiK I †emvgwiK gyyw³‡hv×v‡`i †bZ…‡Z¡ M‡o IVv ivR‰bwZK `j Rvm`| m`¨¯^vaxb iv‡óª me©e¨vcx `yb©xwZ-AbvPvi-ˆbivR¨ Ges miKv‡ii mxgvnxb e¨_©Zv I AKvh©KvwiZvi weiæ‡× kw³kvjx cÖwZ‡iva M‡o Zz‡jwQj bZzb cÖwZwôZ A_P e¨vcK MYwfwËm¤úbœ `jwU| mk¯¿ hy‡× ¯^vaxbZv AR©‡bi ci µgvMZ AKvh©Ki `kvq DcbxZ iv‡óª gvÎ GK eQi Pvi gvm Av‡M cÖwZwôZ ivR‰bwZK `jwU ¯^vaxbZv I ZrKvjxb AvIqvgx jxM miKv‡ii `yB eQi wZb gv‡mi gv_vq ivRavbxi cëb gq`v‡b Av‡qvwRZ weivU Rbmfv †_‡K `vwe`vIqv Av`v‡q wekvj wgwQj wb‡q gš¿xcvov wg‡›Uv †iv‡W ¯^ivóªgš¿xi evmfeb †NivI K‡i| wKš‘ `vwe-`vIqv cÖ‡kœ MYZvwš¿K wewa-e¨e¯’vq bv wM‡q miKvi †mw`b AvavmvgwiK iÿxevwnbx‡K †ec‡ivqv A¨vK&k‡b bvwg‡q w`‡qwQj| e¨vcK I wbwe©Pvi ¸wjel©‡Y †mw`b †h KZ gvbyl cÖvY w`‡qwQj, AvnZ n‡qwQj Zvi msL¨v Rvbv hvqwb| cieZ©x mg‡q cywj‡ki EaŸ©Zb KZ…©cÿ ¯^xKvi K‡i †h, Pwjøk †_‡K cÂvkR‡bi jvk iÿxevwnbx Uªv‡K K‡i mwi‡q †d‡jwQj| Qwe‡Z ¯^ivóªgš¿xi evmfe‡bi mvg‡b ivRc‡_ nZvnZ kZ kZ †bZv-Kg©x-mg_©‡Ki g‡a¨ AvnZ Ae¯’vq Rvm` mfvcwZ †gRi (Ae.) Avãyj Rwjj I mvaviY m¤úv`K Av m g Avãyi iemn K‡qKRb‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q| GB NUbvi ciciB `gb-cxob ïiæ nq Rvm`-Gi weiæ‡×| IB iv‡ZB cywjk Rvm‡`i gyLcÎ Ôˆ`wbK MYKÉÕ Awd‡m nvbv †`q Ges m¤úv`K Kwe Avj&-gvngy`‡K †MÖßvi K‡i| XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q †bZv-Kg©x‡`i iæg fvOPzi I jyUcvU Kiv nq| ciw`b AvIqvgx jxM wgwQj K‡i wM‡q Rvm` †K›`ªxq Kvh©vjq cywo‡q †`q| d‡Uv †µwWU: evsjvi evYx



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Zv Qvov miKv‡ii ˆbivR¨ I wbh©vZ‡bi AemvbK‡í †kvlK‡kÖwYi G‡R›U‡`i †NivI-Gi `vwem¤^wjZ GK cÖ¯Íve MÖnY K‡i Rvm` XvKv †_‡K GB †NivI Awfhvb ïiæi K_v e‡j| †iWµ‡mi †Pqvig¨vb, gnjøvi ÎvY KwgwUi †Pqvig¨vb, †eAvBwb Mvwo-evwo-Rwg-m¤úwË `Lj`vi, ivóªxq evwYR¨ ms¯’v, f~qv jvB‡mÝavix, miKvwi Avg`vwb-ißvwb wbqš¿‡Ki Awdm, gyw³‡hv×v Kj¨vY Uªv÷, K…wl Dbœqb K‡c©v‡ikb, †K›`ªxq KvivMvi, mwPevjq, cwiKíbv Kwgkb, gš¿x, Dcgš¿x, msm` m`m¨‡`i Awdm I evmM„n, †iwWI, wUwf I miKvi wbqwš¿Z msev`cÎ, i¶xevwnbxi Kvh©vjq Ges miKvwi I Avav miKvwi cÖwZôvbmg~n †NivI Kiv‡K G Kg©m~wPi AšÍfz©³ e‡j †NvlYv Kiv nq|19 RbZv D‡ËwRZ n‡q I‡V| mfv †kl n‡Z bv n‡ZB GK wekvj wgwQj gwš¿cvov wg‡›Uv †iv‡Wi w`‡K iIqvbv nq| wgwQ‡ji cÖ_g mvwi‡Z wQ‡jb †gRi Rwjj I ie| wgwQj wM‡q _v‡g ¯^ivóªgš¿x K¨v‡Þb gbmyi Avjxi evwoi mvg‡b| gyûg©yû †køvMvb Pj‡Z _v‡K| K‡qK UªvK †evSvB i¶xevwnbx Avi cywjk G‡m Dcw¯’Z nq| nVvr †Mvjv¸wj ïiæ nq| G‡Z A‡b‡KB nZvnZ nb| miKvwi †cÖm †bv‡U ejv nq, wZbRb wbnZ Avi AvVv‡iv Rb AvnZ n‡q‡Qb| Z‡e cieZ©x mg‡q cywj‡ki EaŸ©Zb Kg©KZ©v ¯^xKvi K‡ib 40 †_‡K 50 R‡bi g„Z‡`n i¶xevwnbx U«v‡K K‡i mwi‡q †d‡j|20 †K cÖ_g ¸wj Pvwj‡qwQjÑ †mUv wb‡q `yiKg e³e¨ Rvm‡`i c¶ †_‡K cvIqv hvq| †mw`b Rvm‡`i †K›`ªxq GK †bZv e‡jb, ¸wj cÖ_‡g Rvm‡`i †jv‡KivB K‡iwQj Ges ÔMYevwnbxÕi †bZv nvmvbyj nK Bby ¸wjUv K‡iwQ‡jb|21 Av‡iK c¶ e‡j, Qv·bZv Av d g gvneyeyj nK †÷bMvb †_‡K ev÷© dvqvi ïiæ K‡ib|22 Z‡e †mLv‡b cÖniviZ wewWAv‡ii GKRb †gRi Ges i¶xevwnbx, cywjk I wewWAv‡ii wgwjZ evwnbxi wbivcËv AwabvqK XvKvi ZrKvjxb wWAvBwR iwKe †Lv›`Kv‡ii fvl¨ G‡Kev‡iB wfbœ; hLb EaŸ©Zb GB cywjk Kg©KZ©v Rvm` †bZv-Kg©x‡`i eywS‡q †diZ cvVv‡bvi †Póv KiwQ‡jb, ZLb N‡U GK bvUKxq NUbv| i¶xevwnbxi GK ZiæY wjWvi †gwkbMvb nv‡Z wRc †_‡K †b‡gB wPrKvi K‡i e‡jb, Ôi¶xevwnbx, †Zvgiv GL‡bv Pzc K‡i `uvwo‡q †`L‡Qv Kx? ¸wj PvjvI|Õ e‡jB wb‡Ri †gwkbMvb †_‡K e„wói g‡Zv ¸wjel©Y ïiæ K‡ib wZwb|23



wPÎ-K_b: cviæwjqv K¨v‡¤ú hy‡×i cÖ¯‘wZ m¤ú‡K© †m±i KgvÛvi‡K wb‡`©kbv w`‡”Qb †gRi Rwjj Ges me©vwabvqK GgGwR Imgvwb| d‡Uv †µwWU: B‡ËdvK



Z‡e Rvm‡`i c¶ †_‡K `vq †Kb wb‡R‡`i Ici wb‡q G‡K A‡b¨i w`‡K Gfv‡e Kv`v †QuvovQzuwo n‡qwQj Zv †evaMg¨ bq| Z‡e Ggb Kv`v †QvovQzwoi NUbv †_‡K †evSv hvq, Rvm`I ïiæ‡ZB †bZ…‡Z¡i jovB‡q wef³ n‡q c‡owQj| Gi ciw`bB Rvm‡`i weiæ‡× ïiæ nq `gb-cxob| †mw`b iv‡ZB cywjk Rvm‡`i gyLcÎ Ôˆ`wbK MYKÉÕ cwÎKv Awd‡m nvgjv K‡i Ges m¤úv`K Kwe Avj&-gvngy`‡K †MÖßvi K‡i| XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q Rvm‡`i †bZvKg©x‡`i iæg fvOPzi I jyUcvU nq| ciw`b Avãyi iv¾v‡Ki †bZ…‡Z¡ AvIqvgx jxM Zv‡`i g‡Z ÔRvm‡`i `y®‹…ZKvix‡`iÕ weiæ‡× XvKvq wgwQj †ei K‡i Rvm‡`i Awdm cywo‡q †`q| †MÖßv‡ii Rb¨ cywjk Rvm‡`i †bZvKg©x‡`i LuyR‡Z _v‡K| Rvm` †_‡K cÖPvicÎ †Q‡c 17 gv‡P©i Ô†NivI Av‡›`vj‡bÕi hyw³ Zz‡j a‡i ejv nq, ÔGUv n‡”Q wKDevi wecø‡ei 1953 mv‡j gbKv`v `yM© Avµg‡Yi 344 345



Abyiƒc|Õ24 Rvm` cÖPwjZ cvj©v‡g›Uvwi ivRbxwZ‡K AšÍtmvik~b¨ g‡b Ki‡Zv Ges cÖPwjZ GB ivRbxwZ‡K ïay eR©bB bq, GUv‡K wPiZ‡i wbg©~j Kivi ¯^cœ †`L‡Zv|25



Pvi Gig‡a¨ wmivRyj Avjg Lv‡bi m‡½ †mvk¨vwj÷ BDwbU †m›Uvi Ae BwÛqvi (GmBDwmAvB) †hvMv‡hvM nq| GB `jwU wb‡R‡`i fvi‡Zi GKgvÎ LuvwU KwgDwb÷ cvwU© e‡j g‡b Ki‡Zv|26 1973 mv‡ji †klw`‡K wmivRyj Avjg Lvb fvi‡Z hvb Ges GmBDwmAvB‡qi cÖavb †bZv wke`vm †Nv‡li m‡½ †`Lv K‡ib|26 wke`vm †Nvl wmivRyj Avjg Lvb‡K `viæYfv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡ib| Gid‡jB cieZ©x mg‡q †`Lv hvq †h, Rvm‡`i A‡bK cÖPvicÎ I cyw¯ÍKvq GmBDwmAvB‡qi gZv`‡k©i ûeû cÖwZdjb wQj|27 wewkó A_©bxwZwe` AvLjvKzi ingvb Õ73-G cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K evsjv‡`‡k wd‡i Av‡mb Ges Rvm‡`i ZvwË¡K †bZv wn‡m‡e †hvM †`b| Gi Av‡M wZwb cvwK¯Ív‡bi m¤ú`kvjx 22 cwiev‡ii Ab¨Zg mvqMj cwiev‡ii gvwjKvbvaxb BDbvB‡UW e¨vsK wjwg‡U‡Wi wPd B‡Kv‡bvwg÷ wn‡m‡e PvKwi Ki‡Zb|28 Rvm` j¶¨ w¯’i K‡i kÖwgK, K…lK I ZiæY‡`i ga¨ †_‡K D‡V Avmv Ô†ckv`vi wecøexÕ‡`i wb‡q GjvKvwfwËK †Mwijv BDwbU M‡o †Zvjv n‡e| ivóª¶gZv `L‡ji cÖavb iY‡KŠkj n‡e kniv‡j Dcyh©cwi MYAv‡›`vjb Ges MÖvgvÂj †_‡K Awfhv‡bi mgš^‡q GKUv wecøex Afz¨Ìvb msNwUZ Kiv| †Mwijv BDwbU¸‡jvi KZ©e¨ n‡e cÖ‡qvRbxq A¯¿k¯¿ msMÖn K‡i †kÖwYkÎæ‡`i weiæ‡× cwiKwíZ Kvh©µg MÖnY Kiv| Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ w`‡qB †Mwijviv Zv‡`i msL¨v I kw³ evov‡e Ges GKwU Ôwecøex †mbvevwnbxÕ‡Z cwiYZ n‡e e‡j Avkv Kiv hvq| GB wecøex evwnbxi bvg †`qv nq Ôwecøex MYevwnbxÕ|29 Õ74-Gi RyjvB gv‡m AvbyôvwbKfv‡e ÔMYevwnbxÕ cÖwZôv Kiv nq|30 Gw`‡K RvZxq kÖwgK jx‡Mi mfvcwZ †gv. kvRvnvb‡K ÔMYevwnbxÕi ÔmywcÖg KgvÛviÕ wb‡qvM Kiv nq| mvsMVwbK KvVv‡gvwU M‡o †Zvjv nq A‡bKUv †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi KwgDwb÷ cvwU© I Zvi wbqš¿Yvaxb Ôjvj †dŠ‡RiÕ



Av`‡j| †j. K‡b©j (Ae.) Avey Zv‡ni‡K ÔMYevwnbxÕi wdì KgvÛvi Ges RvZxq K…lK jx‡Mi mvaviY m¤úv`K nvmvbyj nK Bby‡K Ô†WcywU KgvÛviÕ wn‡m‡e wbhy³ Kiv nq|30 Gi g‡a¨ K‡b©j Zv‡ni †mbvevwnbx †Q‡o b`x DbœqbwelqK GKwU miKvwi ms¯’vq †hvM w`‡q‡Qb| Rvm‡`i m‡½ Zv‡n‡ii ms‡hvM n‡qwQj K‡b©j Zv‡n‡ii †QvU fvB Av‡bvqvi †nv‡m‡bi gva¨‡g| Av‡bvqvi †nv‡mb wmivR wkK`v‡ii `j Ki‡Zb| wmivR wkK`v‡ii †bZ…‡Z¡ wecøex cÖ‡Póvq K‡b©j Zv‡niI hy³ wQ‡jb| Zv‡ni wmivR wkK`v‡ii `j‡K gyw³hy‡×i Av‡M RvZxq gyw³hy‡×i bxwZ-†KŠkj †kLv‡Zb| †m mgq wmivR wkK`vi e‡jb, Zv‡ni †h‡nZy GKRb †cwUey‡R©vqv mvgwiK Awdmvi, ZvB Zvi KvQ †_‡K †Kv‡bv mvgwiK wk¶v †bqv hvq bv| 1969 mv‡jB wmivR wkK`v‡ii m‡½ Zv‡ni I Zvi †QvU fvB‡qi ivR‰bwZK m¤ú‡K©i BwZ N‡U| 1971 mv‡ji 20 RyjvB cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K cvwj‡q G‡m AvM÷ gv‡m Zv‡ni gyw³hy‡× †hvM w`‡qwQ‡jb Ges 11 b¤^i †m±‡ii `vwqZ¡ wb‡qwQ‡jb| gyw³hy‡× exiZ¡c~Y© jovB‡q wZwb GKwU cv nvivb| 1972 mv‡ji GwcÖj gv‡m bKj cv jvwM‡q Zv‡ni evsjv‡`‡k wd‡i G‡j K‡b©j Imgvbx Zv‡K wb‡qvM †`b A¨vWRy‡U›U †Rbv‡ij wn‡m‡e|31 Rvm‡`i bxwZ-†KŠkj K‡b©j Zv‡ni‡K weªd Kivi `vwqZ¡ cvb nvmvbyj nK Bby| K‡b©j Zv‡ni Zvi bvivqYM‡Äi evmvq Bbyi mv‡_ `xN© Av‡jvPbvi ci wZwb Rvm‡` †hvM †`b; hw`I †m mgq wZwb miKvwi PvKwi‡Z wQ‡jb| wmivRyj Avjgcwš’‡`i D‡Ïk K‡i †kL gwYcwš’iv e¨v½vZ¥K †køvMvb w`‡ZbÑÔ†nv †nv gvI gvI, Px‡b hvI e¨vO LvIÕ| †mB †køvMv‡bi K_vB ev¯Íe n‡jv bvivqYM‡Ä K‡b©j Zv‡n‡ii evmvq| nvmvbyj nK Bbyi mv‡_ `xN© ivR‰bwZK Av‡jvPbvi GK ch©v‡q K‡b©j Zv‡n‡ii mnawg©Yx †eMg jyZdv Zv‡ni †mvbv e¨v‡Oi cv †f‡R Bby‡K Avc¨vwqZ K‡iwQ‡jb| hw`I GB myLv`¨wU LvIqv K‡b©j Zv‡ni Pxb †_‡K †k‡Lbwb, wZwb Av‡gwiKvq Kgv‡Ûv †Uªwbs Ki‡Z wM‡q wk‡LwQ‡jb| †mbvevwnbx †_‡K c`Z¨vM K‡i K¨v›Ub‡g›U †_‡K †ewi‡q G‡mI cy‡ivcywi K¨v›Ub‡g›U Qv‡obwb AemicÖvß K‡b©j Zv‡ni| wZwb †mbvevwnbxi bbKwgkÛ Awdmvi I ˆmwbK‡`i g‡a¨ mwµq †Mvcb msMVb Ôwecøex ˆmwbK



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ms¯’vÕi Ici wecyj cÖfve we¯Ívi K‡iwQ‡jb| 1973 mv‡j gvneyeyi ingv‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ †mbvevwnbxi †fZi MVb Kiv nq Ôwecøex ˆmwbK ms¯’vÕ| ¯^vaxbZv hy‡× gvneyeyi ingvb wQ‡jb GKRb exi gyw³‡hv×v| cvwK¯Ív‡bi †c‡kvqvi K¨v›Ub‡g›U †_‡K mcwiev‡i †`‡k wd‡i G‡m wZwb Uv½vB‡j Kv‡`i wmwÏKxi m‡½ gyw³hy‡× Ask †bb| evsjv‡`‡ki DËiv‡j wZwb wewfbœ GjvKvq †Kv¤úvwb KgvÛvi wn‡m‡e gyw³hy× K‡ib| Zv‡ni †Mvc‡b †Mvc‡b ˆmwbK‡`i g‡a¨ Qwo‡q‡Qb wecø‡ei gš¿, Avwg©‡K MYgyLx Kivi gš¿; Avkv w`‡q‡Qb Ggb GK Avwg© Movi, †hLv‡b ˆmwbKiv Awdmvi‡`i g‡Zv †eZb I my‡hvM-myweav cv‡e| ¯^cœ †`wL‡q‡Qb Ggb GK Avwg©i, †hLv‡b nvwej`v‡ii Dc‡i Avi †Kv‡bv i¨v¼ _vK‡e bv| †h me ˆmwbK Zv‡n‡ii †`qv gš¿, Avkv I ¯^cœ wek¦vm K‡i‡Q, Zviv †hvM w`‡q‡Q Zvi Ôwecøex ˆmwbK ms¯’vÕq| GB ˆmwbK ms¯’v evsjv‡`‡ki GK µvwšÍKv‡j HwZnvwmK f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| Gw`‡K AvIqvgx jx‡Mi A‡bK †bZvB ZLb Rxe‡b cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv ¶gZvi ¯^v` †c‡q ixwZg‡Zv DjøwmZ, A‰ah© I †¯^”QvPvix n‡q D‡V‡Qb| Gi m‡½ †hvM n‡q‡Q Zv‡`i ivóªxq m¤ú` bq-Qq Kivi fq¼i cÖeYZv| Rvm‡`i Kg©xiv wQ‡jb ZiæY, GK¸u‡q I cÖwZev`x| d‡j msNl© wQj Awbevh©| Rvm‡`i †bZvKg©x‡`i Ici AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †bZvKg©xiv nvgjv Pvjv‡Z _v‡Kb| †m mgq GKw`b ewikv‡j †gRi Rwj‡ji IciI AvµgY Kiv nq| wZwb A‡íi Rb¨ cÖv‡Y †eu‡P hvb| Gici †gRi Rwj‡ji Ici Av‡iv GKwU AvµgY nq| Zv‡Z wZwb Ges Rvm‡`i Av‡iv AvURb Kg©x AvnZ nb| Ôi¶xevwnbxÕ ivRkvnx kn‡i Rvm‡`i Awd‡m nvgjv Pvjvq Ges mewKQz ZQbQ K‡i †`q| bvbv RvqMvq Rvm‡`i †bZvKg©x‡`i nZ¨v Kiv ïiæ nq|32 Õ73 mv‡j Gme msN‡l© Rvm‡`i 23 Rb Kg©x wbnZ nb e‡j `jxq m~‡Î Rvbv hvq|33 Rvm‡`i †bZv-Kg©x‡`i Ici †b‡g G‡jv Ôi¶xevwnbxÕi wbg©g wbh©vZb| Zv‡`i nv‡Z aiv co‡j RxweZ wd‡i Avmvi m¤¢vebv wQj Kg| KZRb‡K †h Zviv ¸wj K‡i ev wcwU‡q †g‡i‡Q, Zvi †Kv‡bv wnmve †bB| ÔGb&KvD›UviÕ kãUv ZLbB Pvjy nq| Ô†eAvBwb A¯¿ wb‡q cvwj‡q hvIqvi mgq wKsev AvµgY cÖwZnZ Ki‡Z wM‡q KwZcq `y®‹…ZKvix wbnZ n‡q‡QÕÑ i¶xevwnbxi GB eqvb wQj Mrevuav|34



Rvm` Avkv K‡iwQj, ¯^ivóªgš¿xi evmfe‡bi mvg‡b m„ó NUbvejx GKUv ùzwj½ NUv‡e, Õ52-Gi fvlv Av‡›`vj‡b K‡qKRb Qv‡Îi g„Zz¨ †hgbwU NwU‡qwQj| wKš‘ 17 gvP© wbn‡Zi msL¨v Õ52 mv‡ji †P‡q †ewk nIqv m‡Ë¡I Rbmvavi‡Yi g‡a¨ Zv Lye †ewk Av‡jvob †Zv‡jwb|35 Rvm‡`i ÔMYevwnbxÕI cÖwZc¶‡K cvëv Ly‡bi Ges e`jvi ivRbxwZ ïiæ Ki‡jv| MYevwnbxi Avµg‡Y Kzwóqv †Rjvi †LvKmv-KzgviLvjx A‡ji msm` m`m¨ †Mvjvg wKewiqvi nZ¨v wQj †ivgnl©K| Zvi weiæ‡× msL¨vjNy‡`i Rwg `Lj Ges bvbv ai‡bi AbvPv‡ii Awf‡hvM wQj| ZvB MYevwnbx Zv‡K Ôg„Zz¨`ÐÕ †`q|34 Õ74-Gi 25 wW‡m¤^i †Kvievwbi C‡`i w`‡b Zv‡K C‡`i Rvgv‡Z cÖKv‡k¨ ey‡K e›`yK †VwK‡q nZ¨v Kiv nq|36 nZ¨vKv‡Ði Av‡M `yÕ‡Uv Avjv`v mk¯¿ `j KzgviLvjx _vbv I †LvKmv _vbvi cywjk‡`i wbi¯¿ K‡i| `yB _vbvq Awdmvimn 40 Rb cywjk wQj|36 †Mvjvg wKewiqv †kL gywR‡ei Lye Nwbô wQ‡jb| †kL gywRe Zv‡K ÔwgquvfvBÕ e‡j m‡¤^vab Ki‡Zb| GB NUbvi wZb w`b ci 28 wW‡m¤^i †`‡k Riæwi Ae¯’v †NvlYv Kiv nq|37 †kL gywRe Riæwi Ae¯’v Rvwii Av‡M wmivRyj Avjg Lv‡bi mv‡_ GKUv ˆeVK K‡ib| †mLv‡b wZwb wmivRyj Avjg Lvb‡K e‡jb, wZwb GKUv ÔRvZxq `jÕ MVb Ki‡Z Pvb| wmivRyj Avjg Lvb e‡jb, GZ `‡ji `iKvi †bB| G‡Z Zvi m¤§wZ †bB| wZwb Pvb GKUv RvZxq miKvi, †hLv‡b me `‡ji AskMÖnY _vK‡e|38 Av m g Avãyi i‡ei wi‡cv‡U© Zvi cÖwZdjb N‡U ¯úófv‡e| G‡Z ejv nq, ÔcÖPwjZ wewa-e¨e¯’vq wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g ¶gZv `L‡j RvZxq mgvRZvwš¿K `j Av‡`Š wek¦vmx bq| KviY, Avgv‡`i †`‡k kvmK‡Mvôxi Pvwc‡q †`qv cÖPwjZ wewa-e¨e¯’vq †h wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq Zv †Kv‡bvµ‡gB me©nviv †gnbwZ gvbyl, K…lK, kÖwgK, wbgœ-ga¨weË, Kg©Rxex ga¨weË I cÖMwZkxj eyw×Rxex †kÖwYi Avkv-AvKv•ÿv‡K cÖwZdwjZ K‡i bv| G wbe©vPb c×wZ‡Z mgv‡Ri cÖwZcwËkvjx awbK †kÖwYi †jvK Qvov Avi †KD ev¯Í‡e AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| myZivs GB wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g ¶gZvi `Lj`vi e¨w³gvÎB mgv‡Ri awbK †kÖwYiB cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i _v‡K|



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ZvB GB cÖ_vMZ wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g m„ó cvj©v‡g›U ev RvZxq msm` MYwe‡ivax f~wgKv cvj‡b eva¨| .... GB wbe©vPb c×wZ‡Z m„ó cvj©v‡g›U Ô†gnbwZ RbZvi kÎæ‡`i AvÇvLvbvÕ Qvov Avi wKQzB bq| ... GB Z_vKw_Z MYZš¿ A_©vr †kvl‡Ki MYZš¿ cÖ_vq AbywôZ wbe©vPb †`‡ki †kvwlZ †gnbwZ RbZvi mgm¨v mgvav‡b djcÖm~ wKQz n‡e bv| ... 1973 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡bi cybive„wË Avgiv evsjv‡`‡k Avi †Kv‡bvw`bI NU‡Z †`‡ev bv| evsjv‡`‡ki ey‡K Gici hw` Avi †Kv‡bv wbe©vPb nq, †m wbe©vPb n‡e †gnbwZ RbZvi wbe©vPb| †kvlK‡Mvôxi fÐ MYZvwš¿K wbe©vPb bq|Õ39 †kL gywR‡ei cÖ¯Íve wb‡q wmivRyj Avjg Lvb `‡ji Ab¨ †bZv‡`i mv‡_ K_v e‡jb| GKUv mg‡SvZv hLb cÖvq n‡qB hvw”Qj, wVK †mB mgq evMov w`‡jb †kL dRjyj nK gwY|40 1975-Gi 2 Rvbyqvwi Avev‡iv wmivRyj Avjg Lv‡bi mv‡_ ˆeVK nevi K_v _vK‡jI Gi Av‡MB Õ74-Gi 28‡k wW‡m¤^i Riæwi Ae¯’v Rvwi nq| Riæwi Ae¯’v Rvwii ciw`b wmivRyj Avjg Lvb †Mvc‡b mxgvšÍ †cwi‡q fvi‡Z P‡j hvb|40 ÔmwnsmÕ ivRbxwZ‡Z Rvm‡`i Ae`vb wQj ÔwbwLjÕ bv‡g GKwU nvZ‡evgvi D™¢veb| wbwLj P›`ª mvnv evsjv‡`k cÖ‡KŠkj wek¦we`¨vj‡qi GKRb mœvZK| †gavex GB ZiæY m‡egvÎ GB wek¦we`¨vj‡q hš¿‡KŠkj wefv‡M cÖfvlK wn‡m‡e †hvM w`‡q‡Qb| Õ74-Gi 26 b‡f¤^‡ii niZv‡ji cÖ¯‘wZ wnmv‡e XvKv kn‡i GKUv kw³i gnov †`qvi cwiKíbv nq| wbwLj `vwqZ¡ †bb †evgv evbv‡bvi|41 hvÎvevox‡Z Mdzi †g¤^v‡ii evwo‡Z wbwLj Zvi `yB mn‡hvMx †Mvjvg †gvi‡k` bqb I KvBqyg‡K wb‡q †evgv evbv‡bv ïiæ K‡ib| AmveavbZvq †evgv we‡ùvwiZ nq| wbwL‡ji kixi gvivZ¥Kfv‡e cy‡o hvq| 26 b‡f¤^i nvmcvZv‡j wbwL‡ji g„Zz¨ nq|42 Rvm` wbwLj D™¢vweZ †evgvi bvg †`q ÔwbwLjÕ| GB †evgv we‡ùvwiZ n‡j Zviv ej‡ZvÑÔGKwU wbwL‡ji we‡ùviY NUv‡bv n‡q‡QÕ| Gfv‡eB Zv‡`i g„Z mn‡hv×v‡K Zviv m¤§vb Rvbv‡Zv|



m~Î: 1. Rvm‡`i DÌvb cZb : Aw¯’i mg‡qi ivRbxwZ; gwnDwÏb Avng`, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, 2014, c„ôv: 18 2. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 180 3. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 19 4. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 20 5. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 21 6. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 24 7. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 22 8. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 71 9. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 73 10. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 75 11. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 80 12. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 82 13. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 83 14. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 92-93 15. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 102 16. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 98 17. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 115 18. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 106 19. RvZxq mgvRZvwš¿K `j I evsjv‡`‡ki ivRbxwZ; †gvnv. †ivKby¾vgvb, gxiv cÖKvkb, 2005, c„ôv: 62 20. Rvm‡`i DÌvb cZb : Aw¯’i mg‡qi ivRbxwZ; gwnDwÏb Avng`, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, 2014, c„ôv: 110-111 21. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 113 22. RvZxq mgvRZvwš¿K `j I evsjv‡`‡ki ivRbxwZ; †gvnv. †ivKby¾vgvb, gxiv cÖKvkb, 2005, c„ôv: 62 23. Kv‡Q †_‡K †`Lv 1973-1975; †gRi †Rbv‡ij Gg Lwjjyi ingvb, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, RyjvB 2016, c„ôv: 194 24. Rvm‡`i DÌvb cZb : Aw¯’i mg‡qi ivRbxwZ; gwnDwÏb Avng`, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, 2014, c„ôv: 112 25. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 120 26. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 121 27. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 122 28. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 124 29. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 129 30. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 135 31. K‡b©j Zv‡ni †Kb Rvm‡` †hvM w`‡qwQ‡jb; wewWwbDR24, 30 b‡f¤^i 2012, 32. Rvm‡`i DÌvb cZb : Aw¯’i mg‡qi ivRbxwZ; gwnDwÏb Avng`, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, 2014, c„ôv: 133



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33. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 134 34. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 146 35. gywReevwnbx †_‡K MYevwnbx : BwZnv‡mi cybc©vV; AvjZvd cvi‡fR, HwZn¨, †deªæqvwi 2015, c„ôv: 32 36. Rvm‡`i DÌvb cZb : Aw¯’i mg‡qi ivRbxwZ; gwnDwÏb Avng`, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, 2014, c„ôv: 147 37. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 148 38. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 157 39. RvZxq mgvRZvwš¿K `j KZ©…K cÖKvwkZ HwZnvwmK ivR‰bwZK wi‡cvU©; †g 1973 40. Rvm‡`i DÌvb cZb : Aw¯’i mg‡qi ivRbxwZ; gwnDwÏb Avng`, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, 2014, c„ôv: 158 41. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 144 42. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 145



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Pzw³ †hLv‡b wQj cÖv_gwKfv‡e 25 eQi †gqvw`, †mLv‡b fviZ-†mvwf‡qZ Pzw³i cÖv_wgK †gqv` wQj 20 eQi| AvdMvwb¯Ív‡b cÖK…Z A‡_© †mvwf‡qZ AvMÖvm‡bi GK eQi Av‡M †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb Ges AvdMvwb¯Ív‡bi (ivóªcwZ b~i †gvnv¤§` ZvivwK) g‡a¨ †h Pzw³ ¯^v¶wiZ nq, †mB Pzw³i m‡½ Dc‡iv³ Pzw³ `yÕwUi Zzjbv Ki‡j Av‡iv PgKcÖ` Z_¨ †ei n‡q Av‡m| 1978 mv‡ji 5 wW‡m¤^i m¤úvw`Z AvdMvb-†mvwf‡qZ Pzw³i wk‡ivbvg wQj ÔeÜzZ¡ I mn‡hvwMZvi Pzw³Õ| GB Pzw³i 1 b¤^i Aby‡”Q‡`I Dfq †`‡ki RvZxq mve©‡fŠgZ¡, †fŠ‡MvwjK ALÐZv Ges G‡K Ac‡ii Af¨šÍixY wel‡q n¯Í‡¶c †_‡K weiZ †_‡K cvi¯úwiK ¯^v‡_©i cÖwZ kÖ×v cÖ`k©‡bi K_v D‡jøL Kiv nq|6 AvdMvb Pzw³i 6 b¤^i Aby‡”Q‡` c~‡e©v³ Pzw³ `yÕwUi 8 b¤^i Aby‡”Q` Ges 10 b¤^i Aby‡”Q‡` evsjv‡`k-fviZ Pzw³i 4 b¤^i Aby‡”Q` Ges fviZ-†mvwf‡qZ Pzw³i 5 b¤^i Aby‡”Q‡` GKB K_v ejv nq| wZbwU Pzw³‡ZB A_©bxwZ, weÁvb, KvwiMix BZ¨vw` †¶‡Î mn‡hvwMZvi e¨vcv‡i GKB iK‡gi g‡bvfve cÖKvk Kiv nq| †KejgvÎ e¨wZµg wQj GB †h, Dc‡iv³ Pzw³ `yÕwUi g‡Zv bv n‡q AvdMvb-†mvwf‡qZ Pzw³‡Z Dfq †`‡ki g‡a¨ m¤úvw`Z Pzw³i wfwˇZ mvgwiK †¶‡Î h_vh_ mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`v‡bi kZ© cwi®‹vifv‡e D‡jøL Kiv n‡qwQj|7 †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb Zvi mvgwiK †KŠkjMZ cÖ‡qvR‡bB AvdMvwb¯Ív‡bi Ici `„wó wbe× K‡iwQj Ges G‡¶‡Î AvdMvwb¯Ív‡bi Ici †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi cÖZ¨¶ mvgwiK wbqš¿Y Av‡ivcB wQj GB Pzw³i DcRxe¨ welq|7 fviZ 1971 mv‡ji AvM÷ gv‡m †mB we‡kl mg‡q †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi m‡½ ˆgÎx Pzw³ m¤úv`b K‡i, hLb evsjv‡`k Bmy¨‡Z D™¢~Z RwUj mgm¨v wb‡q fviZ‡K gvwK©b hy³ivóª I Px‡bi KvQ †_‡K m¤¢ve¨ ûgwKi weiæ‡× mZK©Zv Aej¤^b K‡i G‡Mv‡Z nw”Qj| wb‡Ri mve©‡fŠgZ¡ I AvÂwjK ALÐZv iÿv I wbivcËv weav‡bi j‡¶¨ fvi‡Zi Rb¨ ZLb mvgwiK mnvqZv wQj Acwinvh©| †mB gyn~‡Z© †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi m‡½ GKwU Pzw³ m¤úv`‡bi g‡a¨ w`‡qB fviZ wb‡Ri wbivcËvi c‡¶ Avï I Zvr¶wYK mgvav‡bi c_ Lyu‡R wb‡qwQj|7 Ab¨w`‡K evsjv‡`k hLb GKwU ¯^vaxb ivóª wn‡m‡e AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡i ZLb G



wPÎ-K_b: 1972 mv‡ji 19 gvP© Zvwi‡L XvKvq ¯^v¶wiZ n‡qwQj fviZ-evsjv‡`k ˆgÎx, mn‡hvwMZv I kvwšÍ Pyw³| evsjv‡`‡ki c‡¶ cÖavbgš¿x †kL gywReyi ingvb Ges fvi‡Zi c‡¶ cªavbgš¿x Bw›`iv MvÜx GB Pyw³‡Z ¯^v¶i K‡iwQ‡jb| GB Pyw³‡Z wQj 12wU `dv| Pyw³wU 25 eQi †gqv`x n‡jI bevqb‡hvM¨ wQj| Pyw³ mv¶‡ii c‡i nv‡m¨v¾¡j †kL gywRe Ges Bw›`iv MvÜx| d‡Uv: msM„nxZ



†`‡k fviZ-†mvwf‡qZ wKsev AvdMvb-†mvwf‡qZ ai‡bi Pzw³ m¤úv`‡bi g‡Zv cwi‡ek wQj bv| fviZ wZb w`K w`‡q evsjv‡`k‡K cwi‡eób K‡i i‡q‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K fviZ-evsjv‡`k m¤úK©I AZ¨šÍ eÜzfvevcbœ _vKvq evsjv‡`‡ki Ici ˆe‡`wkK AvMÖvm‡bi ûgwKi †Kv‡bv Avk¼v wQj bv| `w¶Y w`‡K e‡½vcmvMi Ges †mB mg‡qi b¤ª I eÜzfvevcbœ †`k evg©vI (eZ©gvb wgqvbgvi) evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ †Kv‡bv iKg ûgwKi KviY wQj bv|7 eis †Kv‡bv iK‡gi ûgwKi Abycw¯’wZ‡ZI ˆgÎx Pzw³‡Z DwjøwLZ mvgwiK kZ©¸‡jv cÖK…Zc‡¶ evsjv‡`‡ki m‡½ fvi‡Zi m¤ú‡K©i AebwZi c‡¶B AvMvg Bw½Z †NvlYv KiwQj|8 evsjv‡`k-fviZ A_©‰bwZK mn‡hvwMZvg~jK Pzw³ m¤úv`b wQj cÖK…Zc‡¶ evsjv‡`k‡K fviZxq c‡Y¨i evRv‡i iƒcvšÍ‡iiB Av‡iKwU cÖqvm|8 358 359



GKwU e„nr I kw³kvjx Ges Aci GKwU ÿz`ª I `ye©j iv‡óªi g‡a¨ wVK GgbZ‡iv mn‡hvwMZv Pzw³ m¤úv`‡bi A_©B n‡jv Pzw³i jvfRbK w`K¸‡jv me mgq kw³kvjx iv‡óªi c‡¶B hv‡e|8 ÿgZvmxb `j AvIqvgx jxM I Zv‡`i we‡kl wgÎ wmwcwe I b¨vc (†gvRvd&di) Qvov †`‡ki cÖ‡Z¨KwU ivR‰bwZK `j GB Pzw³i weiæ‡× Zxeª cÖwZev` Ges GB Pzw³ cÖZ¨vnv‡ii `vwe Rvbvq| me©cÖ_g GB `vwe wb‡q GwM‡q Av‡mb gIjvbv fvmvbx|9 GB Pzw³ Ô`vm‡Z¡i Pzw³Õ wn‡m‡e cwiwPwZ cvq| Z‡e †KŠZ~n‡jvÏxcK welq n‡”Q, GB Pzw³i cÖ_g ei‡Ljvc K‡i fviZ| MYZš¿ GB Pzw³i Ab¨Zg wfwË n‡jI †kL gywRe hLb mKj `j wbwl× K‡i GK`jxq kvmb Rvwi I ÔevKkvjÕ Qvov Ab¨‡`i wbe©vP‡b AskMÖnY evwiZ K‡i AvbyôvwbK ˆ¯^ikvmb Kv‡qg K‡ib, ZLb fviZ Zv‡ZI mg_©b w`‡q hvq| 1975-Gi 15 AvM÷ †kL gywR‡ei nZ¨vKv‡Ði ci GB nZ¨vi cÖwZ‡kva †bqvi Rb¨ Kv‡`i wmwÏKxi †bZ…‡Z¡ AvIqvgx jx‡Mi GKUv ZiæY Ask fvi‡Z AvkÖq wb‡q evsjv‡`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i AšÍN©vZ ïiæ K‡i| Zv Qvov cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi ÔkvwšÍevwnbxÕ fvi‡Z AvkÖq †c‡q Zv‡`i †`qv im` I c~Y© mn‡hvwMZv wb‡qB evsjv‡`k iv‡óªi weiæ‡× `xN©¯’vqx hy‡× wjß nq|



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wPÎ-K_b: dviv°v e¨v‡i‡Ri Kvi‡Y cvKwm‡Z ïwK‡q hvIqv cÙv b`x‡Z †eKvi †f‡m _vKv †R‡j †bŠKv| cwi‡ekMZ wech©‡qi mv‡_ mv‡_ cÙv b`xi Dc‡i wbfi©kxj nvRvi nvRvi cwiev‡ii Rxeb I RxweKvI aŸsm n‡q‡Q| d‡Uv †µwWU: evcx ivq/ Gjvwg ÷K d‡Uv



gnvmvM‡i mvgyw`ªK e¨emv-evwY‡R¨ GB KjKvZv e›`iB cÖfve we¯Ívi K‡i wQj|2 1951 mv‡j cwðge‡½i gyL¨gš¿x Wv. weavb P›`ª ivq wbe©vP‡b AZ¨šÍ Lvivc dj K‡ib| wb‡Ri Avm‡b civwRZ nIqvi nvZ †_‡K †Kv‡bviK‡g wU‡K _vKvi ci wZwb 1953 mv‡j ga¨weË †kÖwYi Rb¨ bvbv cwiKíbv nv‡Z †bb| GB bZyb cwiKíbvi mv‡_ wQj dviv°vq M½v b`xi Ici weªR I e¨v‡iR wbg©vY| GB e¨v‡i‡Ri D‡Ïk¨ wQj ûMjx b`xi RjcÖevn e„w× Ges cwðge‡½i DËi I `w¶Y A‡ji g‡a¨ †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’vi DbœwZ mvab|3 1960 mv‡jI dviv°vq M½v e¨v‡iR cÖKí †K›`ªxq miKvi Aby‡gv`b K‡iwb, hw`I eQ‡ii ci eQi Wv. weavb ivq GB cÖK‡íi Rb¨ wPrKvi K‡i‡Qb D”PK‡É|4



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Wv. weavb P›`ª ivq GB cÖK‡íi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †evSv‡Z wM‡q cÖavbgš¿x RInijvj †b‡niæ‡K e‡j‡QbÑ G cwiKíbv ïay iv‡R¨i A_©bxwZi Rb¨B AZ¨vek¨Kxq bq eis KjKvZv e›`i‡K wbwe©Nœ Kivi Rb¨I AZ¨vek¨K| GB e›`i w`‡q wecyj cwigvY Avg`vwb-ißvwb cY¨ Avbv-†bIqv Kiv nq| GB cwiKíbv KjKvZv kni‡K AwZwi³ jeYv³Zv †_‡K i¶v Ki‡e|5 Gi Rev‡e †b‡niæ wKQy mnvbyf~wZkxj K_v e‡j Wv. ivq‡K Rvbvb †h, fviZ I cvwK¯Ív‡bi g‡a¨ wmÜyb‡`i Rj mgm¨vi welqwU mgvav‡bi ciB †Kej IB cÖKíwUi miKvwi Aby‡gv`b †`qv n‡e|6 1961 mv‡ji Rvbyqvwi gv‡m, RvZxq Dbœqb cwil` ÔM½v e¨v‡i‡RÕi welqwU Z…Zxq cÂevwl©Kx‡Z AšÍf©y³ Kivi AbygwZ †`q|5 fvi‡ZI dviv°v euva wbg©v‡Yi †¶‡Î wfbœgZ wQj| GK`j fviZxq we‡klÁ g‡b K‡ib, Ô†h me ¯^vfvweK Kvi‡Y fvMxi_xi Drm g‡R wM‡q‡Q I M½vi m‡½ Zvi ms‡hvM wew”Qbœ n‡q wM‡q‡Q †m me ¯^vfvweK Kvi‡Yi †Kv‡bv cÖwZKviB dviv°v e¨v‡iR Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| myZivs G cš’vq fvMxi_xi bve¨Zv cybiæ¾xweZ K‡i Zv wKQyw`‡bi Rb¨I ¯’vqx Kiv hv‡e bv|Õ7 Ae‡k‡l IB cÖK‡íi KvR ïiæ nq 1964 mv‡j| Gi A‡bK Av‡MB Wv. iv‡qi wPZvf¯§ IB b`xi R‡ji gš’i avivq †f‡m hvq| Wv. ivq IB b`xi RjcÖev‡ni DbœwZ Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| †`k fv‡Mi 28 eQi ci 1975 mv‡j hLb IB e¨v‡i‡Ri KvR mgvß nq, ZLb †b‡niæ I Wv. ivq Avi †eu‡P wQ‡jb bv| Avi e¨v‡iRwU GZ †`wi‡Z wbwg©Z nq †h, KjKvZv e›`‡ii AebwZ Avi †VKv‡bv hvqwb| b`x‡Z cwj R‡g hvIqvq IB Ac~iYxq AebwZ N‡U|5 wecix‡Z G cv‡oI wech©q N‡U Ges Gi ˆeix cÖfv‡e cieZ©x mg‡q evsjv‡`‡ki `xN©¯’vqx I Ac~iYxq ¶wZ n‡q hvq|



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evsjv‡`‡kiI HwZnvwmK Ges AvBbMZ AwaKvi Av‡Q|8 29 A‡±vei 1951 mv‡j cvwK¯Ívb miKvi AvbyôvwbKfv‡e dviv°v evua wbg©v‡Yi cwiKíbvq Zv‡`i D‡Ø‡Mi K_v wjwLZfv‡e fviZ miKvi‡K Rvbvq| 8 gvP© 1952-†Z fviZ miKvi wjwLZfv‡e DËi †`q| Zviv e‡jÑ ÔcÖKíwU GLb cÖv_wgK mgx¶vg~jK ch©v‡q Av‡Q Ges Avcbv‡`i D‡ØM Abygvbwbf©iÕ|9 Ae‡k‡l cÖKíwU ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡q‡Q| hviv †mmgq cÖwZev` K‡iwQ‡jb Zv‡`i mv‡_ Avgv‡`i ivR‰bwZK we‡”Q` n‡q‡Q Ges hviv D‡ØM‡K ÔAbygvbwbf©iÕ e‡j DËi w`‡qwQ‡jb ZvivI ¯^M©evmx n‡q‡Qb| wKš‘ cvwK¯Ív‡bi †mB D‡ØM Abygvbwbf©i wQj bv| fvi‡Zi ZrKvjxb †mPgš¿x W. †K Gj ivI 1968 mv‡ji gvSvgvwS dviv°v wel‡q cvwK¯Ív‡bi D‡Ø‡Mi Rev‡e e‡jwQ‡jbÑ Ô†kl wePv‡i M½v †Zv GKUv fviZxq b`xB|Õ10 M½v †h GKwU AvšÍR©vwZK b`x Ges Gi cvwb‡Z ïay fvi‡ZiB wnm¨v bq, †h f~wg‡Z Zv cÖevwnZ nq, Zv‡`iI wnm¨v Av‡Q Ges GUvB AvšÍR©vwZK AvBbÑ GUv GB ivRbxwZwe` we¯§„Z n‡qwQ‡jb| dviv°v e¨v‡iR Pvjy bv n‡jI ¯^vaxbZv-c~e©eZ©x mg‡qB Zv GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ivR‰bwZK Bmy¨ n‡q `uvovq| †m Kvi‡Y 1970 mv‡j AvIqvgx jx‡Mi wbe©vPbx Bk&‡Znv‡iI G cÖm½ D‡jøL K‡i ejv nqÑ Ôc~e©eZ©x miKv‡ii AgvR©bxq Ae‡njvi Kvi‡Y dviv°v euva fweZ‡e¨ cwiYZ n‡q‡Q, hv c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi A_©bxwZi Rb¨ fqven I ¯’vqx ¶wZi KviY n‡q‡Q| GB mgm¨vi GKwU b¨vqmsMZ mgvav‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ RiæwiwfwˇZ ciivóªbxwZi mKj cš’v e¨envi Kiv n‡e|Õ11 fvi‡Zi †jvKmfvq dviv°v cÖ‡kœ GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© weZK© AbywôZ nq 1972 mv‡ji 16 AvM÷| cwðge½ †_‡K wbe©vwPZ we‡ivax`jxq msm` m`m¨ †bZvRx myfvl P›`ª emyi wkl¨ evg †bZv mgi ¸n Riæwi Rb¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq wn‡m‡e Ôh_vmg‡q dviv°v euva wbg©v‡Y miKvwi e¨_©ZvÕ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbvi m~ÎcvZ K‡ib| fvi‡Zi †mP I we`y¨r Dcgš¿x we Gb Kzwoj †jvKmfvq e‡jb, M½v euv‡ai wbg©vYKvR 1971 mv‡ji RyjvB‡qi g‡a¨ †kl n‡q‡Q Ges euv‡ai ms‡hvM Lv‡ji wbg©vYKvR 1973 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^‡ii g‡a¨ †kl n‡e| 1974 mv‡ji ïiæi w`‡K ms‡hvM Lv‡ji gva¨‡g fvMxi_x‡Z cvwb cÖevn Pvjy Kiv m¤¢e n‡e|12 cvwbi cwigvY m¤ú‡K© gš¿x e‡jb, Ôms‡hvM Lv‡j cvwb mieiv‡ni cieZ©x 366 367



wPÎ-K_b: dviv°v e¨v‡i‡Ri Kvi‡Y ïwK‡q hvIqv †MvovB b`x| †MvovB b`x cªgËv cÙvi Ab¨Zg cªavY kvLv b`x| 2011 mv‡j †Zvjv GB Qwe‡Z cvwbk~b¨ b`xe‡¶i †cQ‡b weL¨vZ nvwW©Ä weªR| GB weªRwU wQj e„wUk Avg‡j b`xi Dc‡i ˆZwi fviZe‡l©i cªavb weª‡Ri GKUv| d‡Uv †µwWU: Gjvwg ÷K d‡Uv



cuvP eQi ﮋ †gŠmygmn mviv eQi 40,000 wKD‡mK cvwb cÖevwnZ n‡e|Õ Z‡e Gi cieZ©x `yÕeQi cvwbi cwigv‡Y ZviZg¨ NU‡e| Gfv‡e mvZ eQi ci gvV ch©v‡q ch©‡e¶‡Yi djvd‡ji wfwˇZ mvgwMÖK Ae¯’vi ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡e| wee„wZi †kl ch©v‡q evsjv‡`k cÖm‡½ gš¿x D‡jøL K‡ib, Ôevsjv‡`‡ki ˆea ¯^v_© iw¶Z n‡e Ges Avgiv Ggb wKQz Ki‡ev bv hv‡Z GB ¯^v_© jw•NZ nq|Õ12 evsjv‡`‡ki mxgvšÍ †_‡K 18 wK‡jvwgUvi DRv‡b, fvi‡Zi cwðge½ iv‡R¨i gywk©`vev` †Rjvi R½xcyi gnKzgvi AšÍM©Z ivRgnj I fMevb‡Mvjvi gvSvgvwS (cwðge½-wenvi mxgv‡šÍ) dviv°v bvgK ¯’v‡b M½v b`xi Ici GB euva wbwg©Z nq|7 1961 †_‡K wbg©vYKvR ïiæ n‡q 1975-G †kl nq| cy‡iv cÖKí †kl n‡Z †m mgq PweŸk wgwjqb Wjvi



LiP nq| 1975 mv‡ji 21 GwcÖj GB e¨v‡iR w`‡q Awfbœ b`xi RjcÖevn wbqš¿Y Kiv ïiæ nq| †h cÙv b`x c~e© evOjv‡K myRjv-mydjv km¨-k¨vgjv K‡iwQj Zvi g„Zz¨NÈv †e‡R †Mj †mw`bB| dviv°v wbg©v‡Yi d‡j cÙv b`xi cvwb cÖevn Avk¼vRbKfv‡e n«vm cvq| nvwW©Ä weª‡Ri wb‡P 1910 mv‡j cÙvi cÖ¯’ wQj 1600 wgUvi Avi 1915 mv‡j MfxiZv wQj 248 dzU| eZ©gv‡b cÖgËv cÙv Avi †bB, cv‡q †nu‡UI cvi nIqv hvq| Gi weiƒc cÖfve c‡o‡Q evsjv‡`‡ki cwi‡ek I cÖwZ‡e‡ki Ici| M½vi cÖevn n«v‡mi Kvi‡Y b`x‡Z AwaK cwigv‡Y cwj Rgvi d‡j Gi Rj cwienb ¶gZv K‡g †M‡Q| Lyjbv A‡j jeYv³Zv e„w× †c‡q‡Q|8 cÙvi AeevwnKv Kvh©Z giæf~wgi iƒc wb‡q‡Q| b`xi Ici wbf©i gvby‡li Rxeb I RxweKv aŸsm n‡q †M‡Q| ﮋ †gŠmy‡g cvwbi cÖevn Av‡iv n«vm cvIqvq M½v-K‡cvZv¶ †mP cÖKí ûgwKi gy‡L c‡o‡Q|13 cÙvi cvwb w`‡q GB cÖ‡R‡±i K…wlKvR cwiPvwjZ n‡Zv| IB cÖK‡íi cÖZ¨¶ AvIZvq 1,21,410 †n±i Rwgi †mP wbf©ikxj| cÖ‡R± GjvKvq Mfxi bjK~c ewm‡q †Kv‡bv iK‡g K…wlKvh©µg Pvjy Av‡Q| Zv‡Z K‡i f~-M‡f©i cvwbi ¯Íi A‡bK Mfx‡i P‡j hv‡”Q; d‡j w`b w`b Mfxi bjK~‡c cvwb D‡Ëvj‡bi nvi K‡g hv‡”Q| G A‡ji Rxe‰ewPΨI bó n‡q †M‡Q| DcK~jxq jeYv³Zv †e‡o hvIqvq mg¯Í wgVv cvwbi gvQ wejyß n‡q hv‡”Q| Av‡M cÙv b`x‡Z cÖPzi Bwjk gvQ cvIqv †hZ, AvR Avi †mB cÖvPzh© †bB| evsjv‡`‡ki cwi‡ek, cÖwZ‡ek, Rxe‰ewP‡Î¨i mv‡_ Rwo‡q Av‡Q b`x| b`xi mv‡_ evsjv‡`‡ki wbweo m¤úK©| †m b`x nvwi‡q hv‡”Q| we¯ÍxY© Rbc‡` GLb cvwbi Rb¨ nvnvKvi| evsjv‡`‡ki gvbwPÎ †_‡K eû b`x nvwi‡q hvIqvi g~j KviY dviv°vmn M½v I cÙvi DRv‡b cÖvq GKkwU b`x‡Z euva w`‡q fviZ KZ…©K cvwb cÖZ¨vnvi Kivi cwi‡ek weaŸsmx cÖKí| dviv°vi Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`‡ki we¯ÍxY© Rbc‡` wech©‡qi BwZnvm iwPZ n‡q‡Q| cÙvq eZ©gv‡b ïK‡bv †gŠmy‡g cvwb cÖevn cÖvq k~‡b¨i †KvVvq| Gi weiƒc cÖfv‡e †`‡ki `w¶Y I cwðgv‡j cvwb msKU †`Lv w`‡q‡Q| G‡Z ¶wZMÖ¯Í n‡”Q evsjv‡`‡ki Pvi †KvwUiI †ewk gvby‡li Rxeb I RxweKv| G‡K G‡K ïwK‡q hv‡”Q cÙvi me¸‡jv kvLv b`x|



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M½vi cÖevn msK‡U eû kvLv I Dc-b`xi †bŠ-PjvPj gvivZ¥Kfv‡e e¨vnZ n‡”Q| G A‡j GLb 320 wK‡jvwgUvi †bŠc_ ﮋ gImy‡g eÜ ivL‡Z nq| dviv°v euv‡a fviZ GKZidv cvwb cÖZ¨vnvi Kivq M½v AeevwnKvi A‡bK¸‡jv b`x g‡i †M‡Q, A‡bK¸‡jv g„ZcÖvq| †`‡ki cwðg I Dˇii Ggb g„Z ev g„ZcÖvq b`x¸‡jv n‡”QÑ gnvb›`v, cvMjv, evibvB, ¸gvwb, eovj I BQvgwZ Ges Av‡iv A‡bK| `w¶‡Y A‡bK b`x nvwi‡q †M‡Q wKsev g„ZcÖvq n‡q i‡q‡Q| GB b`x¸‡jv n‡”QÑ gv_vfv½v, MovB, ˆfie, †eZbv, †Kvev`v, †Kv`vwjqv, gaygwZ, beM½v, wPÎv, KPyqv, Kzgvi, Avwoqvj Luv, e‡jk¦i, KPv, cvjs, ZivKx, iƒcmv, wekLvjx, f`ªv, wkekv, P›`bv, †eMeZx, †jvnvwjqv, †ZuZzwjqv, †fvjv, †Lvj‡cUzqv, BQvgwZ, Kvwj›`x, avbwmuwo, cïi, kvnevRcyi I ivqg½j| GQvov ïwK‡q hv‡”Q evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavbZg RjcÖevn cÖgË cÖevwnbx hgybv| ïK‡bv †gŠmy‡g Zv‡Z kZ kZ Pi †R‡M I‡V| †bŠ-PjvP‡ji c_ n‡q c‡o mxwgZ wKsev eÜ| AevK welq GB †h, 1972-G †h fviZ-evsjv‡`k †hŠ_ b`x Kwgkb MwVZ nq, †mUvi we‡eP¨ wel‡q M½vi cvwb eÈb Bmy¨Uv wQj bv| `yÕ‡Uv Amg kw³ hLb †gvKvwejv K‡i, ZLb wm×všÍ kw³gv‡bi c‡¶B hvq| dviv°v Bmy¨‡Z cÖ_g †_‡KB kw³kvjx Z…Zxq c¶‡K AšÍf©y³ Ki‡Z cvi‡j Avgiv GKUv myweavRbK Ae¯’v‡b _vKZvg| dviv°v euv‡ai G wech©‡qi w`KwU ü`q w`‡q Abyaveb K‡iwQ‡jb G †`‡ki MYgvby‡li †bZv gRjyg Rb‡bZv gIjvbv Ave`yj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx| wZwb GB euv‡ai weiæ‡× RvZxq I AvšÍR©vwZK ch©v‡q RbgZ MV‡bi j‡¶¨ wekvj js-gv‡P©i Av‡qvRb K‡iwQ‡jb 16 †g 1976 mv‡j; hv AvRI dviv°v js-gvP© bv‡g cwiwPZ| AevK welq GB †h, dviv°v msµvšÍ AvšÍR©vwZK ch©v‡q Awf‡hvM evsjv‡`k cÖ_g RvwZms‡N `vwLj K‡i Õ75-Gi 15 AvM÷ ivR‰bwZK cUcwieZ©‡bi ci 1976-Gi Rvbyqvwi‡Z| ZZw`‡b A‡bK ¶wZB P~ovšÍ iƒc †bqvi c‡_ GwM‡q †M‡Q|



m~Î: 1. The Agony of West Bengal, Ranajit Roy, New Age Publishers, 1972, page: 93 2. West Bengal: an analytical study; Sponsored by the Bengal Chamber of Commerce & Industry, Calcutta, New Delhi, Oxford & IBH Pub. Co. [1971] page: 56 3. †`kfv‡Mi AR©b : evOjv I fviZ (1947-1967); Rqv P¨vUvR©x, gvIjv eªv`vm©, 2016, c„ôv: 281 4. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 282 5. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 283 6. My Years with Dr. B.C. Roy, 1982, S. Chakrabarty, C- 447 7. evsjv‡`k fviZ m¤úK©; †gvnv¤§` †mwjg, evsjv GKv‡Wwg, Ryb 2009, c„ôv: 110 8. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 236 9. Case Study of Transboundary Dispute Resolution: the Ganges River controversy; Authors: Aaron T. Wolf and Joshua T. Newton, page: 8 10. evsjv‡`k fviZ m¤úK©; †gvnv¤§` †mwjg, evsjv GKv‡Wwg, Ryb 2009, c„ôv: 111 11. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 112 12. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 113 13. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 237



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fvi‡Zi Ask wnmv‡e hy³ nq| weªwUkiv GB GjvKvi bvg †`q wPUvMs wnj Uª¨v±&m‌ & ev cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg| GwU PÆMÖvg †Rjvi Ask wnmv‡e evOjv cÖ‡`‡ki AšÍM©Z wQj| 1947 mv‡j GB GjvKv c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Ask nq| cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg †Rjvq †h me cvnvwoi evm, Zv‡`i g~jZ `yB fv‡M Kiv hvqÑ LvBqys_v ev b`xi mšÍvb, hv‡`i g~j c~e©m~wi evOjvi evB‡ii| Giv evOjvi evB‡ii cÖvPxb †Kv‡bv fvlvq K_v e‡j Avi ag©xq I mvgvwRK AvPvi-Abyôv‡bi w`K †_‡K Giv †eŠ× a‡g©i Abymvix| GB †kÖwYi Rb‡Mvôx n‡jv ÔPvKgvÕ|1 Avi Zs mv ev cvnv‡oi mšÍvb, hv‡`i g~j c~e©m~wi n‡”Q wgkÖ| Giv GB A‡ji Avw` evwm›`v bq| Giv wewfbœ iK‡gi Avjv`v fvlvq K_v e‡j Ges mf¨Zvi wePv‡i LvBqys_v‡`i †_‡K A‡bK wcwQ‡q| GB †kÖwYi cÖavb Rb‡Mvôx wn‡m‡e Av‡Q wUc&iv, jymvB ev KzwK, hv‡`i Avevi A‡bK †QvU †QvU Dc`j i‡q‡Q| LvBqys_v Ges Zs mvÑ `yÕwU kãB cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi evB‡ii| LvBqys A_© b`x Avi Zs A_© cvnvo| _v A_ev mv-Gi A_© n‡”Q mšÍvb| mvaviY cvnvwo †evSv‡bvi Rb¨ G¸‡jv ejv nq| Gi evB‡i †hme †Mvôx GLv‡b evm K‡i Zv‡`i wewfbœ bv‡g eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡`i fvlv ev Rxebavivq †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mvgÄm¨ †bB| cÖwZwU †Mvôxi wfbœ ˆewkó¨ i‡q‡Q| evOvwjiv cvnvwo‡`i `yÕwU fv‡M fvM K‡i _v‡K| GKUv n‡”Q eÜzfvevcbœ, hviv PÆMÖvg †Rjvi mxgvšÍ GjvKvi †ek KvQvKvwQ emevm K‡i| G‡`i ejv nq ÔRy¤§Õ| Avi eÜzfvevcbœ bq, Ggb evwK me cvnvwo †Mvôx, hv‡`i cÖvqB GKbv‡g ÔKzwKÕ e‡j Pvjv‡bv nq| fvlvi cv_©‡K¨i Kvi‡Y Giv evOvwj‡`i Kv‡Q G‡Kev‡iB †evaMg¨ bq| cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi Awaevmx wel‡q 1869 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ wi‡cv‡U© PÆMÖv‡gi ZrKvjxb †Rjv g¨vwR‡÷ªU (wWwmwWGg) K¨v‡Þb Ugvm nve©vU© †jDB‡bi g‡Z, PÆMÖv‡gi cvnv‡o emevmKvix gvbe‡Mvôxi †ewki fvMB wbwðZfv‡e `yB cyiæl Av‡M ÔAvivKvbÕ (A_©vr, cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi evB‡i) †_‡K G‡m‡Q| Avm‡j 1824 mv‡j evg©vi (eZ©gvb wgqvbgvi) hy‡× kiYv_©x wn‡m‡e Giv cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi evB‡i †_‡K GLv‡b G‡mwQj| km¨-mydjv AvivKv‡bi weªwUk B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwbi Jcwb‡ewkK mv¤ªv‡R¨ AšÍfz©w³i gva¨‡g GB hy‡×i †kl nq|1



wPÎ-K_b: 1960 mv‡j KvßvB evu‡ai cvwb‡Z gnvcyig GjvKv Wy‡e hvIqvq mš‘ jvigv‡`i cwievi LvMovQwoi cvbQwo‡Z Avevm M‡o †Zv‡jb| Gw`‡K evu‡ai cªKí Mªn‡Yi mg‡q cªwZkÖæZ cybe©vmb e¨e¯’v bv cvIqvq ¯’vbxq gvby‡li gv‡S †¶vf m„wó nq| 1963 mv‡j cve©Z¨ PÆMªvg‡K †h ÒDcRvwZ GjvKvÓ e‡j †NvlYv †`qv n‡qwQj Zv evwZj Kiv nq, †¯úkvj ÷¨vUvm evwZj Kiv nq| G‡Z Am‡šÍvl Av‡iv ev‡o| Gmgq wb‡R‡`i AwaKvi Av`v‡qi Rb¨ †bZ…Z¡ M‡o †Zvjvi cª‡qvRbxqZv †eva K‡ib mš‘ jvigv| XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q covi mgq mš‘ jvigv evgcwš’ QvÎ msMVb QvÎ BDwbq‡bi ivRbxwZ‡Z RwoZ nb| wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cov‡kvbv †kl K‡i wZwb LvMovQwo †Rjvi gnvjQwo _vbvi GKwU ¯‹y‡j wk¶KZv ïiæ K‡ib| 1972 mv‡j MwVZ cve©Z¨ PÆMªvg RbmsnwZ mwgwZi cÖwZôvZv m`m¨ wQ‡jb mš‘ jvigv| Zvi fvB gvb‡e›`ª bvivqY jvigv wQ‡jb Gi mvaviY m¤úv`K| wbqgZvwš¿Kfv‡e `vwe Av`vq m¤¢e n‡e bv g‡b K‡i 1973 mv‡j Zviv msMV‡bi mvgwiK kvLv kvwšÍevwnbx MVb K‡ib Ges mk¯¿ msMªvg Kivi wm×všÍ †bb| Qwe‡Z kvwšÍ evwnbxi mk¯¿ mn‡hv×v‡`i m‡½ mš‘ jvigv|



d‡Uv: msM„nxZ



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cve©Z¨ PÆMv‡g 12Uv wfbœ RvwZMZ msL¨vjNy m¤úª`vq evm K‡i| G‡`i †ewki fvMB 16 †_‡K 19 kZ‡Ki gvSvgvwS mgq GB A‡ji evB‡i †_‡K cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g G‡m emwZ ¯’vcb K‡i| aviYv Kiv nq, me‡P‡q Av‡M Av‡m PvKgv m¤úª`vq Ges cvnvwo AÂj AwZµg K‡i G‡m 17 kZ‡Ki g‡a¨B Zviv PÆMÖv‡gi mgZj f~wg †_‡K ïiæ K‡i mgy`ª ZxieZ©x GjvKvq evm Ki‡Z _v‡K| †m mgq ¯’vbxq evOjvfvlx‡`i mv‡_ Rwg wb‡q PvKgv m¤úª`v‡qi wbišÍi Sv‡gjv †j‡MB _vK‡Zv| ZvB GK mgq PvKgv‡`i‡K m‡i wM‡q cvKvcvwKfv‡e cvnv‡oB AvkÖq wb‡Z nq|2 cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi f~wg mgm¨v ïay A_©‰bwZK Kvi‡Y Awfevm‡bi d‡jB N‡Uwb| cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg wQj wZbwU e„nr AvÂwjK kw³i wgjb¯’j; AvivKvb, wÎcyiv Avi evOjvi kvmKiv G‡KK mgq GB A‡ji KZ…©Z¡ wKsev kvmbfvi MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| 1947 mv‡j cvwK¯Ívb Avi 1971-G ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki AšÍfz©³ nq| Gi d‡j GB A‡ji ivR‰bwZK Avi AvBbMZ KvVv‡gv bvbv cwieZ©‡bi g‡a¨ w`‡q GwM‡q †M‡Q|3 AvVv‡iv kZ‡Ki ïiæ‡Z †gvMj cÖkvmb cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi mgZj A‡j Ki Av‡ivc K‡i, †mB mv‡_ cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi mv‡_ evwY‡R¨i IciI Ki avh© K‡i| †mB mgqB Ki Av`v‡qi Rb¨ cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g Ki msMÖvnK‡`i emwZ M‡o I‡V, hviv ¯’vbxq‡`i Kv‡Q †_‡K Ki wn‡m‡e Zzjv msMÖn K‡i †gvMj cÖkvm‡bi fvÐv‡i †cuŠ‡Q w`Z| Gfv‡eB †gvMjiv Zv‡`i ivR‰bwZK mxgvbvi evB‡i n‡jI cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g c‡iv¶ wbqš¿Y I AvwacZ¨ ¯’vcb K‡i|4 cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g weªwUk AvwacZ¨ cÖwZwôZ n‡j 1789 mv‡j weªwUkiv Zzjvi e`‡j bM` A‡_© Ki cwi‡kv‡ai AvBb K‡i| †m mgq cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvgB wQj weªwUk mv¤ªv‡R¨i d«w›Uqvi| †mB mgqB ÔUvKvi KvievwiÕiv cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g wM‡q emwZ ¯’vcb Ki‡Z _v‡K, hv‡`i mevB wQj evOjvfvlx| weªwUk kvm‡bi ïiæ †_‡KB cvnvwo‡`i cÖPwjZ ivR‰bwZK e¨e¯’vq fvOb ïiæ nq; d‡j ivR‰bwZK I mvgvwRK Aw¯’iZv †`Lv †`q| GB mgq jymvB wPb †Mvôx weªwUk‡`i mv‡_ mk¯¿ msNv‡Z wjß nq|5 weªwUk Avg‡jB cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg mvgwiK e¨e¯’vq wbqwš¿Z n‡Z _v‡K| 1870 mv‡jB cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g cÖwZ 96 Rb Awaevmxi wecix‡Z GKRb mvgwiK m`m¨ †gvZv‡qb wQj| D”P c`gh©v`v I ¶gZvm¤úbœ GKRb weªwUk Awdmvi GB mvgwiK evwnbxi KgvÛ ev †bZ…‡Z¡ _vK‡Zb| wZwb wewfbœ



wee`gvb MÖæ‡ci g‡a¨ kvwšÍ ¯’vcb I †dŠR`vwi Aciv‡ai wePv‡ii `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Zb| Ki Av`v‡qi fvi wQj ¯’vbxq †MvÎ cÖavb‡`i nv‡ZB| G mgq weªwUk mvgwiK evwnbxi wbivcËvq evOjvfvlx‡`i e¨vcKwfwËK Awfevmb NU‡Z _v‡K|6 1892 mv‡j jymvB cvnvo, hv AvR‡Ki wg‡Rvivg, weªwUk kvm‡bi AšÍf©y³ n‡j d«w›Uqvi AÂj wn‡m‡e cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg weªwUk‡`i Kv‡Q Zvi †KŠkjMZ ¸iæZ¡ nvivq| 1892 mvj †_‡KB weªwUk mvgwiK evwnbxi m`m¨iv cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg †Q‡o wg‡Rviv‡g bZzb AwaK…Z AÂj wbqš¿Y I kvwšÍ ¯’vc‡bi Kv‡R P‡j hvq|7 1935 mv‡j weªwUk miKvi AvBb K‡i cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg AÂj‡K Ô†UvUvwj G·K¬z‡WW&Õ †Rjv wn‡m‡e gh©v`v †`q| d‡j mgZ‡ji mv‡_ cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi mKj ivR‰bwZK I evwYwR¨K m¤úK© wQbœ nq| ZLb †_‡K cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi RvwZMZ msL¨vjNy Rb‡Mvôx evOjvfvlx‡`i e`‡j weªwUk‡`i mv‡_B ivR‰bwZK ˆbKU¨ ¯’vcb K‡i| ¯’vbxq cÖavbiv cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg‡K GKwU ¯^kvwmZ ÔwcÖÝ&wj †÷UÕ-G iƒcvšÍ‡ii ¯^cœ †`L‡Z _v‡Kb|8 Dcgnv‡`k †_‡K weªwUk‡`i we`v‡qi c‡e© cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi Awaevmx‡`i aviYv wQj, Zv‡`i GjvKv fviZ ev evg©vi AšÍfz©³ n‡e| †h Kvi‡Y 1947 mv‡ji 14 AvM÷ c~e© I cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi me©Î cvwK¯Ívwb cZvKv D‡ËvwjZ n‡jI 15 AvM÷ iv½vgvwU‡Z fviZxq cZvKv Ges ev›`iev‡b evg©vi (wgqvbgvi) cZvKv D‡ËvwjZ nq| 17 AvM÷ i¨vW&wK¬d& †iv‡q`v` cÖKvwkZ n‡j Rvbv hvq, cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg cvwK¯Ív‡bi fv‡M c‡o‡Q| 21 AvM÷ cvwK¯Ívwb ˆmb¨iv iv½vgvwU I ev›`iev‡b wM‡q fviZxq I evg©vi cZvKv bvwg‡q cvwK¯Ívwb cZvKv D‡Ëvjb K‡i|



`yB cvwK¯Ív‡b AšÍfz©w³i ci 1955 mv‡j cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg‡K mivmwi cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖkvmwbK KvVv‡gvi Aax‡b Avbv nq| Z‡e ¯’vbxq‡`i Pv‡c cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi we‡kl ÷¨vUvm& envj _v‡K Ges cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg IB mgq mivmwi ivRavbx KivwPi wbqš¿‡Y kvwmZ n‡Z _v‡K| 1958 mv‡j cvwK¯Ív‡b mvgwiK kvmb Rvwi nevi ci †_‡K cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg mgZ‡ji evwm›`v‡`i Rb¨ e¨vcKfv‡e



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Db¥y³ n‡Z ïiæ K‡i| AvbyôvwbK evav _vKv m‡Ë¡I evOjvfvlxiv cve©Z¨ A‡ji LyPiv I cvBKvwi evRv‡i, e¨emvq-evwY‡R¨ GK‡PwUqv KZ…©Z¡ cÖwZôv K‡i|9 1964 mv‡j cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi Ô†¯úkvj ÷¨vUvm&Õ evwZj K‡i †`qv nq| cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g mgZ‡ji Awaevmx‡`i emwZ ¯’vc‡b †h AvbyôvwbK evav wQj Zv `~i nq|10 cvwK¯Ívwb kvmKiv cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g Rwgi ÔcÖ‡jvfbÕ †`wL‡q mgZ‡ji evOvwj‡`i emwZ ¯’vc‡bi cÖwµqv ïiæ K‡i| 1947 mv‡j cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g †h cvnvwo RbmsL¨v wQj kZKiv 97 fvM, Õ61 mv‡j Zv K‡g 85 fv‡M `uvovq|11 cvwK¯Ívb Avg‡j 1957 mv‡j gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi A_©vq‡b KvßvB euva wbg©vY ïiæ nq Ges 1962 mv‡j Gi wbg©vYKvR mgvß nq| B›Uvib¨vkbvj BwÄwbqvwis †Kv¤úvwb Ges BDZvn& B›Uvib¨vkbvj Bb&K‡c©v‡iU 670.6 wgUvi `xN© I 54.7 wgUvi D”PZvi G euvawU wbg©vY K‡i| G euv‡ai cv‡k 16wU RjKcvU mshy³ 745 dzU `xN© GKwU cvwb wbM©gb c_ ev w¯újI‡q ivLv nq| G w¯újI‡q w`‡q cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û 5 jvL 25 nvRvi NbdzU cvwb wbM©gb n‡Z cv‡i| cÖK‡íi Rb¨ ZLb 25 †KvwU 40 jvL UvKv ev‡RU wba©viY Kiv n‡jI c‡i Zv 48 †KvwU UvKv Qvwo‡q hvq| KvßvB GjvKvi Awaevmxiv cvwb msi¶‡Yi K…wÎg euva wbg©v‡Yi d‡j Zv‡`i evwoNi Ges Pvlvev`‡hvM¨ Rwg nvwi‡q‡Qb| Pwjøk nvRv‡ii †ewk PvKgv Awaevmx cÖwZ‡ekx †`k fvi‡Z P‡j hvq| Rwg AwaMÖnY IB GjvKvq we‡iva I msN‡l©i Ab¨Zg cÖavb KviY wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡q Avm‡Q| GQvov, euva wbg©v‡Yi Kvi‡Y Rxe‰ewPΨ e¨vcKfv‡e aŸsm n‡q‡Q| eb¨cÖvYx Ges Zv‡`i Avevm¯’j ¶wZMÖ¯Í nq| fviZ eivei g‡b Ki‡Zv, cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g †h bvMv I wg‡Rv msMVKiv jywK‡q Av‡Q Zviv cvwK¯Ív‡bi †Mv‡q›`v ms¯’v AvBGmAvB-Gi mnvqZvq KvR K‡i| fvi‡Zi ¯^vaxbZvi Ae¨ewnZ cieZ©xKv‡j (RInijvj †b‡niæi kvmbvgj) Gi cvëv Kg©m~wP wn‡m‡e c~e© cvwK¯Ívb‡K †`kwUi ivR‰bwZK g~j Ask †_‡K wew”Qbœ Kivi Kg©m~wPi wb‡q GwM‡q †h‡Z wbR¯^ †Mv‡q›`v‡`i meyR ms‡KZ †`b fviZxq bxwZwba©viKiv| Av‡iv c‡i fvi‡Zi †K›`ªxq †Mv‡q›`v ms¯’v ÔiÕ-Gi Kg©KZ©v we. igb G m¤ú‡K©



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wPÎ-K_b: ÔgywReevwnbxÕi ey‡jU †eë kÎægy³ ¯^vaxb †`‡k, ivRavbx XvKv‡Z ÔgywReevwnbxÕi bv‡g †køvMvbmsewjZ cø¨vKvW© nv‡Z wb‡q ivRc‡_ †b‡g‡Q Aí KÕRb †jvK| cø¨vKv‡W©i †jLvq ejv nw”Qj, Kv‡¯Í-‡Kv`vj wb‡q †mvbvi evsjv M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e| ÔgywReevwnbxÕi gyw³‡hv×v bv‡gi GB †jv‡Kiv Kx ai‡bi wnsmvZ¥K A_ev Awnsm †køvMvb w`w”Qj AvR Avi Zv Rvbv KwVb| Z‡e gvÎ G KÕRb †jvKB ivRc‡_ Zv‡`i KÉ D”PwKZ K‡i Zzj‡Z bv-B cviæK, nvZ DuPz K‡i †g‡j a‡iwQj †gwkbMv‡bi ey‡jU †eë| g‡b n‡”Q, †mw`‡bi ivR‰bwZK cÖwZcÿ A_ev Ab¨ †h †Kv‡bv cÖwZcÿcÖwZØ›Øx MÖæc ev †Mvôx‡K ûgwK w`‡q, fq †`wL‡q `gb Kivi, †KvYVvmv K‡i ivLvi G wQj ÔgywReevwnbxÕi dj`vqK †KŠkjÑ †h ûgwK I †KŠkj ev¯Í‡e iƒcvwqZ Ki‡ZI Rywo wQj bv Zv‡`i| †emvgwiK †jvKR‡bi nv‡Z hy×v¯¿ gv‡bB Zv †eAvBwbÑ GiKg †Rviv‡jv ivóªxq †NvlYv Rvwii eû c‡iI ivRavbx Ges †`‡ki wewfbœ ¯’v‡b ÔgywReevwnbxÕ G ai‡bi †NviZi AvBbwe‡ivax mk¯¿ kw³ cÖ`k©bxi Av‡qvRb Ki‡Zv Aev‡a; †m wK Ô¯^‡`kÕ wKsev Ô†mvbvi evsjvÕ M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨? bv-wK e¨w³ Ges †Mvôxi ¯^v_©iÿvi AwfcÖv‡q? d‡Uv †µwWU: Avgvbyj nK/`„K



e‡j‡Qb, Ôc~e©-cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K fvi‡Zi DËi-c~e©v‡j AvBGmAvBÕi Pvjv‡bv Kvh©µ‡gi Aemvb NUv‡Z fvi‡Zi cÖavbgš¿x Bw›`iv MvÜx c~e©cvwK¯Ív‡bi evOjvfvlx‡`i cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K wew”Qbœ nIqv Ges Ôevsjv‡`kÕ bv‡g GKwU c„_K ivóª cÖwZôvi e¨vcv‡i mnvqZvi wm×všÍ †bb|12



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mfvcwZ weï×vb›` gnv‡_‡ivi f~wgKvi Kvi‡Y GB cÖPviYvB e¨vcKZv cvq †h, ¯’vbxq gvbe‡Mvôx¸‡jv ÔevOvwj‡`i gyw³hy‡×i weiæ‡×|Õ14 cvwK¯Ívb Avg‡j cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g AvIqvgx jx‡Mi we‡kl Aw¯ÍZ¡ wQj bv| mˇii wbe©vP‡b †K›`ªxq cwil‡` wbe©vwPZ nb ¯^Zš¿ cÖv_©x ivRv wÎw`e ivq Avi cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡` Asï cÖæ‡q †PŠayix I gvb‡e›`ª bvivqY jvigv| Giv †KD-B AvIqvgx jx‡Mi m`m¨ wQ‡jb bv| gvb‡e›`ª bvivqY jvigv QvÎRxe‡b evg ivRbxwZi mv‡_ hy³ wQ‡jb| d‡j gyw³hy‡× cvwK¯Ív‡bi †mbvevwnbxi wec‡¶ cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g mk¯¿ cÖwZ‡iva wQj AwZ ¶xY| wVK GB cUf~wg‡Z wW‡m¤^‡i GB GjvKvq ïiæ nq †Rbv‡ij Dev‡bi ÔgywReevwnbxÕ I Ô†¯úkvj d«w›Uqvi †dvm©Õ-Gi Awfhvb| fvi‡Zi m‡½ hy³ wewfbœ mxgvšÍ c‡_ ÔgywReevwnbxÕi m`m¨ I Ô†¯úkvj d«w›Uqvi †dvm©Õ-Gi m`m¨iv fvi‡Zi wÎcyiv ivR¨ †_‡K cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi cvbQwo‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡i| GK`j PvKgv Zv‡`i Af¨_©bv Rvbv‡Z hvq| G‡`i Rb¨ Zviv GKwU LvwmI m‡½ wb‡qwQj| ÔgywReevwnbxÕ I Ô†¯úkvj d«w›Uqvi †dvm©Õ-Gi GB m`m¨iv LvwmwU wb‡jI Af¨_©bvKvix mevB‡K nZ¨v K‡i| Gici Zviv cvbQwoi cvnvwo MÖvg¸‡jv‡Z nvgjv ïiæ K‡i| evwoN‡i jyUcvU Pvjvq Ges Av¸b jvwM‡q †`q| mvg‡b hv‡K cvq Zv‡KB nZ¨v K‡i Ges †g‡q‡`i al©Y K‡i| Zv‡`i nvgjvq †mw`b cvbQwo‡ZB 32 Rb wbnZ nq| cvbQwo †_‡K LvMovQwo hvIqvi c‡_ Zviv 176wU evwoNi R¡vwj‡q †`q| 14 wW‡m¤^iI Zviv 22 Rb‡K nZ¨v K‡i|15 wbi¯¿ †emvgwiK gvby‡li Ici DwjøwLZ auv‡Pi AvµgY P‡j Gmgq cy‡iv cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg Ry‡o Ges Zv Ae¨vnZ _v‡K GKvˇii 16 wW‡m¤^i cieZ©x K‡qK mßvn| 1972-Gi 15 †deªæqvwi M‡o I‡V Ôcve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg RbmsnwZ mwgwZÕ Ges AvbyôvwbKfv‡e Zvi cÖvq GK eQi ci M‡o I‡V GB msMV‡bi mk¯¿ kvLv ÔkvwšÍevwnbxÕ| ÔkvwšÍevwnbxÕ M‡o IVvi Ab¨Zg Zvr¶wYK KviY wQj cvnvwo MÖvg¸‡jv‡K Ôgyw³‡hv×vÕ‡`i (cÖK…Zc‡ÿ fviZ wbqwš¿Z ÔgywReevwnbxÕ I Ô†¯úkvj d«w›Uqvi †dvm©Õ) ZvÐe †_‡K i¶vÑ Z_v ÔkvwšÍÕ ¯’vcb| gvb‡e›`ª bvivqY jvigv wQ‡jb 1973-Gi wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g cÖwZwôZ evsjv‡`k RvZxq msm‡`i nv‡Z †Mvbv ¯^ímsL¨K we‡ivax`jxq m`‡m¨i GKRb| wZwb Õ70-Gi wbe©vP‡bI cÖv‡`wkK cwil` m`m¨ wn‡m‡e cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg †_‡K wbe©vwPZ nb| †mB m~‡Î ¯^vaxbZv cieZ©x MYcwil‡`iI



m`m¨ wQ‡jb| msweavb cÖYqbKv‡j cwil‡`i msL¨vMwiô AvIqvgx jxM `jxq m`m¨‡`i Øviv cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi gvbe‡Mvôx¸‡jvi RvwZMZ ¯^vZ‡š¿i ¯^xK…wZ wel‡q jvigvi msm`xq Av‡e`b `yÕ`dv AMÖvn¨ nIqvq wZwb cwil` K¶ †_‡K IqvK&AvDU K‡i cÖwZev` Rvbvb| fvi‡Zi Ô†¯úkvj d«w›Uqvi †dvm©Õ Ges †Rbv‡ij Dev‡bi cÖwkw¶Z ÔgywReevwnbxÕi Øviv cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi cvnvwo Rb‡Mvôx¸‡jvi wbMÖn Ges Zvi K‡qK gv‡mi g‡a¨ RvZxq msm‡` Zv‡`i RvwZMZ cwiP‡qi welqwU AMÖvn¨ nIqvi AwfÁZv wb‡qB gvb‡e›`ª jvigv I ex‡i›`ª wK‡kvi †ivqvRvGi †bZ…‡Z¡ cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g Kvh©µg ïiæ nq cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg RbmsnwZ mwgwZi| GB msMV‡biB mvgwiK kvLv n‡jv ÔkvwšÍevwnbxÕÑ 1973 mv‡j hvi AvbyôvwbK cÖwZôv|16 GB ÔkvwšÍevwnbxÕ‡K †gvKvwejvq †kL gywRe fvi‡Zi Kv‡Q mywbw`©ó mvgwiK mnvqZv †P‡qwQ‡jb|17 evsjv‡`k †_‡K fviZxq mvgwiK evwnbx P‡j hvIqvi mgq Zv‡`i †mbvevwnbxi GKwU weª‡MW †i‡L †`qv n‡qwQj K·evRv‡i Ges IB weª‡MW 1972 mv‡ji RyjvB ch©šÍ cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g ÔAcv‡ikbÕ Pvwj‡q Z‡eB †`‡k cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡i| K·evRv‡i fviZxq †mbvevwnbxi GKwU weª‡M‡Wi Dcw¯’wZ †Mvcb †i‡LB evnvˇii 12 gvP© Rvbv‡bv n‡qwQj, evsjv‡`k †_‡K me fviZxq ˆmb¨ P‡j hv‡”Q| wKš‘ wKQzw`b ci gv‡P©i †k‡l GB welqwU MYgva¨‡g wb‡q Av‡mb ZiæY GK gvwK©b mvsevw`K| miKvi cÖ_‡g MYgva¨‡gi IB cÖwZ‡e`‡bi mZ¨Zv A¯^xKvi Ki‡jI c‡i AwaKZi weeªZ Ae¯’v Gov‡Z Ôc~e©Zb fvl¨ cÖZ¨vnviÕ K‡i †bq| evsjv‡`‡ki cÖPwjZ ivR‰bwZK eqv‡b eiveiB Ô1976 mv‡j evOvwj‡`i cybe©vm‡bi g‡a¨ w`‡q cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg msKU ïiæÕ e‡j fzjfv‡e †`Lv‡bv nq Ges Gi m‡½ ÔGmGdGdÕ I ÔgywReevwnbxÕi †Kv‡bv †hvMm~Î †`Lv‡ZI †gvUv `v‡M Zviv e¨_© nb|18 ¯^vaxbZvi ci evsjv‡`‡k cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi 1964-‡Z Aejyß Ô†¯úkvj ÷¨vUvm&Õ cybtcÖwZôv Kiv nqwb| Ab¨ †h‡Kv‡bv †Rjvi PvB‡Z cve©Z¨ †Rjv¸‡jvi miKvwi cÖkvmb‡K AwaKZi ¶gZv cÖ`vb Kiv nq| Gi d‡j cÖkvmb Ges cve©Z¨ Rbmvavi‡Yi g‡a¨ cvi¯úwiK Awek¦vm ˆZwi nevi AeKvk m„wó n‡qwQj|19 382 383



1975-Gi Ryb gv‡m ÔevKkvjÕ miKv‡ii †cÖwm‡W›U †kL gywRe iv½vgvwU‡Z Av‡mb| nvRvi nvRvi cve©Z¨ Awaevmx‡K †kL gywR‡ei Rbmfvq Avbv nq `~i-`~ivšÍ †_‡K| †mB Rbmfvq †kL gywRe mevB‡K ÔevOvwjÕ n‡q wM‡q g~j avivq hy³ nevi AvnŸvb Rvbvb| GB mgq cvnvwo RbMY mfv¯’j Z¨vM Ki‡Z ïiæ K‡i| GUv cwi®‹vifv‡e eyS‡Z cviv hvw”Qj †h, †KD-B †kL gywR‡ei ÔevOvwj n‡q hvevi AvnŸvbÕ fv‡jvfv‡e †bqwb| †kL gywRe cvnvwo‡`i GB e‡jI mZK© K‡i †`b †h, hw` Zviv ÔkvwšÍevwnbxÕi ÔcÖwZ‡iva Av‡›`vj‡bÕ hy³ nq ev mg_©b K‡i Z‡e mevB‡K fq¼i cwiYwZ †fvM Ki‡Z n‡e| GB fq¼i cwiYwZi g‡a¨ wQj †mbvevwnbx cvVv‡bv Ges cvnvwo‡`i wf‡UgvwU †_‡K D‡”Q` K‡i †mLv‡b evOjvfvlx‡`i AwfevwmZ Kiv|20 Gici †_‡K mviv cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g †mbv cvVv‡bv ïiæ n‡jv| `xwNbvjv, iægv Ges AvjxK`‡g †mbvwbevm M‡o †Zvjv n‡jv Ges NvMov-‡Z GKwU Avbmvi e¨vUvwjqb wb‡qvM †`qv n‡jv| †kL gywR‡ei Avg‡jB cvnv‡o e¨vcK wbcxob I †MÖßvi Ges †ec‡ivqv Lyb I al©Y ïiæ n‡jv, MÖvg‡K MÖvg R¡vwj‡q †`qv n‡jv| cieZ©xKv‡j GB wbcxob eû¸‡Y e„w× †c‡qwQj|20 1974 mv‡ji cÖ_gw`‡K cÖ_g †mbvevwnbxi GKwU e¨vUvwjqb cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g cvVv‡bv nq| Ges cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi wewfbœ ¯’v‡b †mbv m`m¨‡`i ¯’vqxfv‡e ivLvi wm×všÍ †bq miKvi| G‡Z ¯’vbxq mv‡K©j wPd ev ivRviv m¤§Z bv n‡jI †kl ch©šÍ wZbwU wd«-†÷kb K¨v›Ub‡g›U wbg©v‡Yi †ÿ‡Î Am¤§wZ Rvbv‡jb bv| miKvi wm×všÍ †bq, LvMovQwoi `xwNbvjvq GKwU †mbvwbevm ¯’vc‡bi| Ges IB eQ‡ii †klw`‡K `xwNbvjvq †mbvwbevm wbg©v‡Yi Kv‡R nvZ †`q gywRe miKvi| cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g †mbv †gvZvq‡bi ci fviZxq †mbvevwnbxi †`qv `yÕwUi g‡a¨ GKwU †nwjKÞvi w`‡q cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g Zjøvwk Pvjv‡bv n‡Zv|21 D‡jøL¨, gvb‡e›`ª jvigvi k¦ïievwo wQj `xwNbvjvq|21 PvKgv ivRv wÎw`e ivqmn cvnvwo Rb‡Mvôxi GKwU Ask ¯^vaxbZv hy‡× cvwK¯Ívwb evwnbx‡K mg_©b I mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡jI msL¨vMwiô cvnvwo Rb‡Mvôx wbi‡cÿ f~wgKv cvjb K‡i wM‡qwQj| hy‡×i cy‡iv mgqKv‡j



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m~Î: 1. PÆMÖv‡gi cve©Z¨ AÂj I Awaevmx; Abyev`: ivRxe Gj `vm, w`e¨ cÖKvk, 2017, c„ôv: 3839 2. Genocide in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh; IWGIA Document 51, Wolfgang May (ed.), Page: 14-15 3. cÖv¸³; Page: 16 4. cÖv¸³; Page: 18 5. cÖv¸³; Page: 19 6. cÖv¸³; Page: 20 7. cÖv¸³; Page: 22 8. cÖv¸³; Page: 23 9. cÖv¸³; Page: 25 10. cÖv¸³; Page: 26 11. cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g eûgvwÎK mgm¨vi HwZnvwmK I ivR‰bwZK cUf~wg; kvnwiqvi Kexi, wewWwbDR24, 7 Rvbyqvwi 2010 12. gywReevwnbx †_‡K MYevwnbx : BwZnv‡mi cybc©vV; AvjZvd cvi‡fR, HwZn¨, †deªæqvwi 2015, c„ôv: 73 13. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 72 14. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 120 15. gyw³hy‡× cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg; kiwe›`y †kLi PvKgv, A¼zi cÖKvkbx, 2006, c„ôv: 43 16. gywReevwnbx †_‡K MYevwnbx : BwZnv‡mi cybc©vV; AvjZvd cvi‡fR, HwZn¨, †deªæqvwi 2015, c„ôv: 291 17. J. N. Dixit, Liberation and Beyond: Indo-Bangladesh relation; UPL, 1999, Dhaka, page: 138, 158 18. gywReevwnbx †_‡K MYevwnbx : BwZnv‡mi cybc©vV; AvjZvd cvi‡fR, HwZn¨, †deªæqvwi 2015, c„ôv: 120-121 19. Genocide in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh; IWGIA Document 51, Wolfgang May (ed.), Page: 27 20. cÖv¸³; Page: 58-59 21. 1971 I Avgvi mvgwiK Rxeb; Avgxb Avn‡¤§` †PŠayix, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, 2016, c„ôv: 152 22. Cited in Uddin, Nasir. “Living on the margin: the positioning of the ‘Khumi’within the sociopolitical and ethnic history of the Chittagong Hill Tracts.” Asian Ethnicity 9, no. 1 (2008): 33-53. Cited in- NASREEN, ZOBAIDA (2017) The Indigeneity question: State Violence, Forced Displacement and Women’s Narratives in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online. To view this Thesis Scan the QR Code:



23. Tribal Insurgency in Chittagong Hill Tracts; Kazi Montu, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 15, No. 36 (Sep. 6, 1980), pp. 1510-1512. To view this Journal Scan the QR Code:



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Kzu‡ovi iæwU meB w`‡q w`‡jb wZwb cwieviwU‡K| Iiv hv bv †Lj, Zvi †P‡q Gu‡Uv Ki‡jv †ewk| A‡bK w`b bv †L‡Z †L‡Z LvIqvi Af¨vm P‡j †M‡Q I‡`i| evwo‡Z Avi †Kv‡bv Lvevi wKsev nv‡Z †Kv‡bv cqmv bv _vKv‡Z †cU f‡i cvwb †L‡q †m iv‡Z Nygy‡Z †Mj cÖ‡KŠkj I RvnvR wbg©vY ms¯’vi †Pqvig¨v‡bi mšÍv‡biv|1 ¯^vaxb ivóª evsjv‡`k bv‡gi GB f~L‡Ð A‡bK Av‡M †_‡KB Lv`¨ NvUwZ wQj GKwU ˆbwgwËK NUbv| Lv`¨ NvUwZ 1950 mv‡jI wQj 5 jvL Ub| lv‡Ui `k‡Ki †k‡li w`‡K Zv †e‡o cÖvq 15 jvL Ub nq| 1968 mvj †_‡K cici wZb eQi fqven eb¨v nq| 1968 mv‡j 14,400; 1969 mv‡j 16,000 Ges 1970 mv‡j 16,400 eM©gvBj GjvKv eb¨vi Kvi‡Y ¶wZMÖ¯Í nq| Gi d‡j e¨vcK cÖvYnvwb I m¤úwËbvkmn cÖvq 22 j¶ Ub avb webó nq| GgbwK 1971 mv‡j ¯^vaxbZvhy× PjvKv‡jI eb¨v nq Ges cÖvq 14 nvRvi eM©gvBj GjvKv cøvweZ nq| G‡Z cÖvq 3,00,000 Ub Lv`¨km¨ webó nq Ges GKB eQ‡i Af¨šÍixY cÖvwß 11 kZvsk n«vm cvq|2 1974 mv‡j †`k `yÕevi eb¨vi Ke‡j c‡o| cÖ_gevi wm‡j‡U GK AvKw¯§K eb¨vq wecyj ¶q¶wZ mvwaZ nq| GKB eQi RyjvB-AvM‡÷ msNwUZ †`ke¨vcx eb¨v wQj †`‡ki BwZnv‡m fqvenZg| AvKw¯§K eb¨vq †`‡ki mg¯Í †ev‡iv dmj webó nq| G‡Z †gvU ¶wZi cwigvY wQj cÖvq †`o jvL Ub| Pvl‡hvM¨ wej I nvIo A‡j cÖavb dmj †ev‡iv avb cy‡ivcywifv‡e ¶wZi m¤§yLxb nq| gvS-eQix eb¨vq †`‡ki †gvU GjvKvi cÖvq GKZ…Zxqvsk wech©‡qi wkKvi nq Ges eb¨vKewjZ nq cÖvq 3 †KvwU †jvK| G‡Z AmsL¨ gvby‡li cÖvYnvwb N‡U| cÖvq 1 †KvwU GKi Rwg eb¨vq ÿwZMÖ¯Í nq Ges wecyjmsL¨K Mevw`cï wbnZ I Nievwo weaŸ¯Í nq|3 GB eb¨vi cUf~wg‡Z iscy‡ii evmšÍx I `yM©v bv‡g `yB bvixi Qwe Ôˆ`wbK B‡ËdvKÕ-Gi cÖ_g cvZvq Qvcv n‡qwQj| †mB Qwei `yB hyeZx j¾v wbevi‡Yi Rb¨ GKwU kZw”Qbœ gvQ aivi Rvj Rwo‡q †h wb`viæY Amnvq fw½‡Z Romo n‡q `uvwo‡qwQ‡jb, Zv‡Z 1943-Gi g‡Zv GKwU fqven gš^šÍ‡ii ms‡KZ wb‡`©wkZ n‡qwQj|4 AvM‡÷i gvSvgvwS Avg‡bi weQb hLb DV‡Q, eb¨v ZLb fqven iƒc aviY Ki‡jv| m`¨ †ivqv Avg‡bi Pviv me bó n‡q †Mj| †m‡Þ¤^‡ii cÖ_‡g eªþcyÎ Avev‡iv wec`mxgv AwZµg Ki‡jv| Av‡Mi eb¨vi ci †ivqv av‡bi hv Aewkó wQj Gevi †mUvI †Mj|5 390 391



1972-Gi gv‡P© hy³ivóª †_‡K cÖKvwkZ mvßvwnK ÔwbDRDBKÕ-Gi cÖ”Q` wbeÜ (Cover Story) ‘Bangladesh : Fight for survival’-G ¯úó weeiY wQj, Ôevsjv‡`‡k Lv`¨ e¨e¯’vcbvi msKU `ywf©‡¶i Rb¥ w`‡Z hv‡”Q Ges †`kwU‡Z gvbweK wech©q NU‡eÕ|6 †`k ¯^vaxb nevi ci †_‡KB `ywf©‡¶i Avk¼v KiwQ‡jb A‡b‡K| Z‡e fqven eb¨v msNwUZ nevi Av‡M 1973 mv‡ji Rvbyqvwi †_‡K ïiæ K‡i 1974 mv‡ji RyjvB gvm ch©šÍ mgq wQj †`‡ki Rb¨ me‡P‡q †ewk msKURbK|3 evnvˇii 22 Rvbyqvwi †`‡k wd‡i gv‡P© gIjvbv fvmvbx cÖ_g †h wee„wZwU w`‡qwQ‡jb, Zvi g~j welqe¯‘ wQj Ôgnv`ywf©¶ AZ¨vmbœÕ|6 Õ73 mvj †_‡KB û û K‡i wRwbmc‡Îi `vg evowQj| wkïLv‡`¨i `vg P‡j †Mj bvMv‡ji evB‡i| wkïLv‡`¨i `vwe‡Z wgwQj n‡jv, Zv‡Z †hvM w`‡jb Mwie I ga¨weË cwiev‡ii gv‡qiv| 1973 mv‡ji †g gv‡m gIjvbv fvmvbx Lv`¨ I `ªe¨g~j¨ Kgv‡bvi `vwe‡Z AvgiY Abkb ïiæ K‡ib| fvmvbxi Abk‡bi Le‡i mviv †`k ùzwj‡½i g‡Zv †R‡M DV‡jv| gwZwS‡j b¨vc Awd‡mi †`vZjvq AvgiY AbkbiZ fvmvbx ï‡q _vK‡Zb| nvRvi nvRvi gvbyl Zv‡K GK bRi †`Lvi Rb¨ gwZwS‡j Qz‡U G‡mwQj| Abk‡bi wØZxq w`‡b mܨvq wZbwU Mvwo wb‡q †kL gywRe ¯^qs G‡m nvwRi n‡jb| gIjvbv fvmvbxi mv‡_ GKv‡šÍ Avjv‡ci c‡i hLb wZwb wd‡i hv‡”Qb, ZLb mg‡eZ RbZv Lv‡`¨i `vwe‡Z ¯^Ztù~Z©fv‡e †køvMvb †Zv‡j| nVvr †køvMvb DV‡jvÑ ÔBqvwnqv †M‡Q †h c‡_, gywRe hv‡e †mB c‡_Õ| GB †køvMv‡b †kL gywR‡ei †Pnviv ZLb AwMœg~wZ© aviY K‡iwQj|7 1973 mv‡ji 10 A‡±vei †`‡ki mycwiwPZ I RbwcÖq Ôˆ`wbK MYK‡ÉÕi m¤úv`KxqÕi wk‡ivbvg wQj: Ôfqven `ywf©‡¶i c`aŸwbÕ|6 GKw`‡K Lv`¨ msMÖn Awfhvb e¨_© nIqvq Ges Ab¨w`‡K †PvivPvjvb `g‡b miKvwi e¨_©Zv Ae¨vnZ _vKvq Lv`¨ wefv‡Mi nv‡Z †h mvgvb¨ Lv`¨ gRy` wQj, cÖwZw`‡bi Pvwn`v c~iY Ki‡Z wM‡q 1974 mv‡ji Ryb gv‡mi g‡a¨ Zv Zjvbx‡Z G‡m †V‡K|8 Gfv‡e evsjv‡`k GK e¨vcK Lv`¨ NvUwZi m¤§yLxb nq| we‡klÁiv A‡bK w`b Av‡M †_‡KB G ai‡bi fqven Lv`¨ NvUwZi e¨vcv‡i Ae¨vnZfv‡e mZK© K‡i AvmwQ‡jb|9 1974 mv‡ji gvSvgvwS †_‡K cÖvq cÖwZw`bB wRwbmc‡Îi `vg evo‡Z



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wPÎ-K_b: evmšÍx I `yM©v Õ72 †_‡K Õ75, ¯^vaxb †`‡ki cÖ_g wZb-PviwU eQi, ïay †h AvBbk„•Ljvi fqven Ges fq¼i iKg AebwZkxj Ae¯’v weivR KiwQj Zv bq, me©e¨vcx Awbqg Avi ˆbivR¨ ZLb RvZxq Aw¯ÍZ¡‡K MÖvm Ki‡Z D`¨Z| †bwZevPK mg¯Í aviv I m~P‡Ki †cQ‡b Kzkxje ÿgZvmxb `j I gnj, Zv‡`i Avkxe©v`cyó e¨w³ I †Mvôx Ges Zv‡`iB †`wk-we‡`wk iÿK I c„ô‡cvlK| RvZxq A_©bxwZi Afvebxq gvÎvi Ae¨vnZ msKU I `y`©kv RvwZi †`‡ni †g`-gvsm mvevo Kivi ci Gi Aw¯’g¾v ï‡l wbw”Qj| bMi‡Kw›`ªK ga¨weË mgv‡R ZLb Îvwn! Îvwn!! ie| wKš‘ cjøx-cÖavb evOjvi `~i Avi cÖZ¨šÍ cjøxRxe‡bi Lei KZUzKzB-ev G‡m †cuŠQ‡Zv †mw`‡bi MYgva¨g A_©vr, msev`c‡Îi Kv‡Q| msKU-`y`©kvi weiæ‡× bMiRxe‡b `vwe DÌvcb Avi cÖwZev` Ávc‡bi †h AvPvi-ms¯‹…wZ, †mw`‡bi AwZ cðv`&c` MÖvgxY Rxe‡b Zv wQj Abycw¯’Z| Lv`¨ msK‡U mviv †`‡k gvbyl hLb `ywf©‡ÿi wkKvi, nvRvi nvRvi K¼vjmvi Av`g mšÍvb hLb c‡_i ayjvq ayu‡K gi‡Q, wbibœ-Abvnvix cjøxevmxi Xj hLb e‡q P‡j‡Q kni-bMi Awfgy‡L, ZLb Zv‡`i e¯¿ msK‡Ui welq †cQ‡b c‡o wM‡qwQj wbðqB| DËie‡½ cjøxi e¯¿ msK‡U RR©wiZ kZ kZ Aa©-Dj½ bvix kn‡i G‡m cÖkvm‡bi `ßi †NivI K‡iwQj| iscy‡ii eb¨KewjZ Rbc‡` j¾v wbevi‡Yi Rb¨ ÔevmšÍxÕ I Ô`yM©vÕ bv‡g `yB hyeZx bvixi †`‡n gvQ aivi kZw”Qbœ Rvj Rov‡bvi Qwe ZLbKvi cÖavbZg RvZxq msev`cÎ Ôˆ`wbK B‡ËdvKÕ-Gi cÖ_g cvZvq Qvcv n‡qwQj| wKš‘ ivóªh‡š¿i AwaKZ©viv GZm‡ei †cQ‡b wb‡R‡`i `vq ¯^xKvi K‡i wb‡Z Pvbwb| d‡Uv †µwWU: AvdZve Avn‡g`



_v‡K| Ryb gv‡m †hLv‡b cÖwZ †mi †gvUv Pv‡ji `vg wQj 3.90 UvKv, µgvMZ †e‡o Zv AvM÷ gv‡m 4.78 UvKvq, †m‡Þ¤^i gv‡m 6 UvKvq I A‡±vei gv‡m `uvovq 7.16 UvKvq|10 1971-72 mv‡j †hLv‡b gvSvwi gv‡bi GK gY Pv‡ji `vg wQj 57.10 UvKv, 1974-75 mv‡j Zv †e‡o `uvovq 244.40 UvKvq| 1974 mv‡j cÖvq mKj mvgMÖxi g~j¨ 300 †_‡K 400 kZvsk e„w× cvq|10 Gfv‡e 1974 mv‡ji ïiæ †_‡KB mviv †`‡k `ywf©‡¶i c`aŸwb †kvbv †h‡Z _v‡K| B‡Zvg‡a¨B Lv‡`¨i Afv‡e †`‡ki †jvK Abvnvi I Aa©vnv‡i w`b KvUvw”Qj|11 Kg©ms¯’vb bv _vKvq Ges `ªe¨g~j¨ µq ¶gZvi evB‡i P‡j hvIqvq G mgq MÖvgv‡ji Mwie †jvKRb `‡j `‡j kniv‡j G‡m wfo Rgv‡Z _v‡K| G Ae¯’vq †`‡ki we‡ivax ivR‰bwZK `j Ges msev`cÎmg~n evisevi miKvi‡K mZK© K‡i w`‡jI miKvi Ae¨vnZfv‡e `vwe Ki‡Z _v‡K †h, cwiw¯’wZ cy‡ivcywifv‡e cÖkvm‡bi wbqš¿‡Y i‡q‡Q| iscy‡i hLb e¨vcK AvKv‡i `ywf©¶ †`Lv †`q, ZL‡bv Lv`¨gš¿x †MvUv RvwZ‡K GB e‡j Avk¦¯Í KiwQ‡jb †h, Lv`¨g~‡j¨i EaŸ©gyLx cÖeYZv GKwU mvgvwRK e¨vcvi gvÎ| wZwb `vwe KiwQ‡jb †h, miKv‡ii nv‡Z h‡_ó Pv‡ji gRy` i‡q‡Q| miKvwi `‡ji †bZviv ZLb G cwiw¯’wZi Rb¨ e¨emvqx, gRy``vi, Kv‡jvevRvwi I †PvivPvjvwb‡`i `vqx K‡i ejwQ‡jb †h, Zviv Lv‡`¨i evRv‡i K…wÎg msKU m„wó K‡i‡Q| Zviv ejwQ‡jb, ÔmgvRwe‡ivaxÕ Ges Ôivóªwe‡ivaxÕ †jv‡KivB G cwiw¯’wZi Rb¨ m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c `vqx| GwcÖj gv‡mI Lv`¨gš¿x dYxf~lY gRyg`vi Avk¦vm w`‡q e‡jb †h, msKU †_‡K DËi‡Yi Rb¨ cÖwZ gv‡m 2,00,000 Ub K‡i Lv`¨km¨ Avg`vwb Kiv n‡”Q| wKš‘ ev¯Í‡e GB e³e¨ wQj AmZ¨|11 †`‡ki AmsL¨ `wi`ª †jvK ÿzavi Zvobvq wgwó Avjy, KPz, Kjvi †_vo, Pv‡ji Kzov, fv‡Zi gvo I bvbviKg jZvcvZv †L‡q RxebaviY Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡jv| Abkb‡K hw` `ywf©‡¶i GKwU ch©vq e‡j g‡b Kiv nq, Zvn‡j 1971 mv‡j hy× ïiæ nIqvi ci †_‡KB Gi cÖwµqv ïiæ n‡q wM‡qwQj| ZLb †_‡KB †mvbvi evsjvi gvwU‡Z AmsL¨ †jvK Abvnv‡i-Aa©vnv‡i †_‡K Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í g„Zz¨i w`‡K avweZ nw”Qj|12



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DËiv‡ji †Rjv¸‡jv‡Z K…l‡Kiv Zv‡`i Rwg-wRivZ wewµ K‡i Lv`¨ wKb‡Z eva¨ nq| †mB mg‡q wn‡me K‡i †`Lv †M‡Q †h, DËie‡½ 1 jvL weNv Rwg n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii `wjj m¤úvw`Z n‡q‡Q| Gme Rwg cÖavbZ AvIqvgx jx‡Mi ¯’vbxq PvuBiv m¯Ívq wK‡b †bq|13 RbM‡Yi AeY©bxq `y`©kv‡KI AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †bZviv m¤ú` m„wói my‡hvM wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡iwQj|



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ÔÿzavZ© gvby‡li AvZ©PxrKv‡i Nyg fvOviÕ wk‡ivbvg n‡jv ivRavbxi cÖwZ‡e`‡b| MÖv‡gi Rwic †eiæ‡jv mvsevw`K‡`i †Póvq, †`Lv †Mj kZKiv 80wU cwiev‡ii nv‡Z mßvn KvUvevi Lv`¨ †bB| Rwg wewµ Pj‡jv R‡ji `‡i| wm‡j‡U AbvnviwK¬ó wcZv-gvZv nZ¨v Ki‡jv Kb¨v‡K| ivRavbxi c‡_ c‡_ we¯§qÑ ÔGiv RxweZ bv K¼vjÕ| Kwe kvgmyi ivngv‡bi Kj‡g we¯§qÑ ÔG †Kvb evsjv‡`kÕ| e¸ovq †Póv Pj‡jv nvumgyiwMi Lv`¨ †L‡q euvPv hvq wK-bv; K‡jiv †f`ewg †_‡K hviv euvP‡jv Zv‡`i †KD AvZ¥nZ¨v Ki‡jv, †KD AvZ¥xqv‡K †`n`v‡b bvgv‡jv| †h Kwei Kjg Õ69-G wj‡LwQj HwZnvwmK msev` wk‡ivbvg, Ôg„‡Zi RvbvRv †gviv wKQy‡ZB Kwie bv cvV Ke‡ii Nyg fv‡OÑ Rxe‡bi `vwe AvR GZB weivUÕ, wZwbB Avevi Õ74-G D”PviY Ki‡jb, ÔivRc‡_ Gme wkïi K¼vjÑ gvZ…¯Íbnxb `axwPi nvo wQj Gi †P‡q Av‡iv wK KwVb?Õ Zvici G‡jv Ôj½iLvbvi c`vejxÕÑ ÔjvB‡b Afz³ gvbyl `uvwo‡q _vK‡Z _vK‡Z dzwi‡q hvq Lvevi| †¯ªd fzwl¸‡jv Zz‡j †`qv nq cv‡Z| MÖv‡g MÖv‡g Av‡iK gvZg&Ñ j½iLvbv‡K Iiv fq cvqÑ mviv w`‡b GKevi †L‡Z †`q|Õ (XvKv WvB‡R÷)15 wek¦ ¯^v¯’¨ ms¯’v (WHO)-Gi wnmveg‡Z, IB mgq 50 jvL bvix bMœ‡`‡n wQj; cwi‡aq e¯¿ wewµ K‡i Zviv Pvj wK‡b †L‡q‡Q|16 †mB mgq Ôˆ`wbK B‡ËdvKÕ-Gi d‡Uv mvsevw`K AvdZve Avn‡g` ÔRvj-civ evmšÍxÕ wk‡ivbv‡gi weL¨vZ QweUv †Zv‡jb| ÔB‡ËdvKÕ-Gi cÖ_g cvZvq Qvcv nq †mB Qwe| evsjv‡`‡ki `ywf©‡¶i iƒc mviv `ywbqv‡Z GB Qwei g‡a¨ w`‡q g~Z© nq| Qwe‡Z †`Lv hvq, evmšÍx bv‡gi GK hyeZx Zvi mg¯Í kix‡i gvQ aivi Rvj Rwo‡q j¾v wbevi‡Yi wg‡_¨ mvšÍ¦bv ey‡K wb‡q KjvMv‡Qi †fjvq P‡o KjvMv‡Qi cvZv msMÖn Ki‡Qb| †mB †fjvq Av‡iKRb bvix `yM©wZ ivYx euvk nv‡Z †fjvi Ab¨ cÖv‡šÍ e‡m wbqš¿Y Ki‡Qb eb¨vi cvwb‡Z †f‡m Pjv †fjvwU‡K| Pig `vwi`ª¨ Avi Zvi mv‡_ wgwjZ ÿzavi `ytmn cÖwZ”Qwe n‡q I‡V QweUv| 396 397



†`‡k-we‡`‡k †Zvjcvo ïiæ nq| evmšÍxi Rvjciv QwewU‡K wN‡i weeªZKi Ae¯’vq c‡o ¶gZvmxb gywRe miKvi| miKv‡ii c¶ †_‡K QwewU‡K D‡Ïk¨cÖ‡Yvw`Z I N„Y¨ lohš¿ e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nq| A_P †KŠZ~n‡jvÏxcK e¨vcvi n‡”Q, ÔB‡ËdvKÕ-Gi †mB Av‡jvKwPÎx AvdZve Avn‡g`‡K evmšÍxi Kv‡Q †h wb‡q wM‡qwQj, †m wQj AvIqvgx jx‡Mi MÖvg ch©v‡qi GK Kg©x| Zvi bvg Avbmvi Avjx| AvdZve Avn‡g` cieZ©xKv‡j ÔGKz‡k c`KÕ cvb| AvdZve Avn‡g` wQ‡jb GKRb gyw³‡hv×v Av‡jvKwPÎ mvsevw`K| Avgiv 1971-Gi 16 wW‡m¤^i cvwK¯Ívwb evwnbxi AvZ¥mgc©‡Yi mgq Ô†Rbv‡ij wbqvRx AvZ¥mgc©‡Yi `wjj co‡QbÕ, †mB †h weL¨vZ QweUv †`wL, †mUvI Zz‡jwQ‡jb AvdZve Avn‡g`| AvIqvgx jx‡Mi c¶ †_‡K me©`v †Rvi cÖPvi Pvjv‡bv nq, ÔRvjciv evmšÍxÕ QweUv mvRv‡bv Qwe wQj| wKš‘ QweUv mvRv‡bv wQj bv| me‡P‡q `yM©Z GjvKv wQj iscyi, gqgbwmsn, w`bvRcyi, wm‡jU I ewikvj| †m‡Þ¤^‡ii †klw`‡K hLb †emiKvwifv‡e wKQz j½iLvbv M‡o D‡VwQj, ZLb miKvwifv‡e `ywf©¶ †NvwlZ n‡jv| miKvwifv‡e j½iLvbv Pvjy n‡Z _vK‡jv A±e‡ii ïiæ‡Z| cÖvq Qq nvRvi j½iLvbv ˆ`wbK mv‡o †ZZvwjøk jvL gvby‡li g‡a¨ ivbœvKiv Lvevi wewj‡q‡Q|17 A‡bK A_©bxwZwe`, ivR‰bwZK †bZv, mvsevw`K I eyw×Rxex GKev‡K¨ `vwe K‡i‡Qb †h, GB `ywf©¶ K…wÎgfv‡e m„wó Kiv n‡qwQj Ges †m eQi eb¨v bv n‡jI AmsL¨ gvbyl Abvnv‡i g„Zz¨eiY Ki‡Zv| ïaygvÎ ¶gZvmxb gnj I miKv‡ii A‡hvM¨Zv, Ae¨e¯’vcbv I `yb©xwZB bq, miKvi Ges ¶gZvmxb GwjU †Mvôxi Ae‡njv Avi D`vmxbZv wQj GB `ywf©‡¶i Rb¨ eûjvs‡k `vqx| Awf‡hvM i‡q‡Q †h, †m mgq e¨vcKnv‡i Lv`¨ †PvivPvjvbI Ab¨Zg cÖavb KviY wn‡m‡e `ywf©‡¶i fqvenZv‡K P~ovšÍ ch©v‡q wb‡q wM‡qwQj|12 hw`I Ôwbi‡c¶ M‡elYvÕq Lv`¨ †PvivPvjvb‡K `ywf©‡¶i KviY wn‡m‡e kbv³ Kiv hvqwb| mviv †`‡k ¯’vwcZ j½iLvbv¸‡jv‡Z ÿgZvmxb AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †bZvKg©x‡`i `yb©xwZ, Lv`¨ I ÎvYmvgMÖx weZi‡Y KviPzwc Ges AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †bZv I Kg©x‡`i QΔQvqvq mviv †`‡k gRy``vwi I †PvivPvjvb



Ae¨vnZ _vKvq `ywf©‡¶ cÖvYnvwbi msL¨v Kwg‡q Avbv m¤¢e nqwb|18 `ywf©‡¶i mg‡q hLb j½iLvbv Ly‡j wLPzwo LvIqv‡bv n‡Zv, †mLv‡b dvci `vjvwj Ki‡Z †h‡Zb AvIqvgx jx‡Mi wKQz †bZv I msm` m`m¨| j½iLvbv Z`viwKi mgq Zviv Ô†÷U G·‡cÖm 555Õ eª¨v‡Ûi wejvwZ wmMv‡iU duzK‡Zb, Ges Zv-I jywK‡q bq, ÿzavZ© gvby‡li mvg‡bB| Zv‡`i bvBj‡bi `vwg kv‡U©i eyKc‡K‡U ivLv _vK‡Zv †mB wmMv‡i‡Ui c¨v‡KU, hv R¡jR¡j Ki‡Zv e‡j `„wó‡MvPi n‡Zv| A_P 555 eª¨v‡Ûi wmMv‡i‡Ui kZ fvMB †PvivPvjv‡bi gva¨‡g †`‡k XzK‡Zv Ges cÖwZ c¨v‡K‡Ui `vg wQj ZLb 25 UvKv| cuwPk UvKvq ZLb GKwU `wi`ª cwievi K‡qKw`‡bi Lv‡`¨i ms¯’vb Ki‡Z cvi‡Zv|19 miKvwifv‡e RvZxq msm‡` †NvwlZ Z_¨ Abymv‡i `ywf©‡¶ g„‡Zi msL¨v 27,500| Z‡e †emiKvwi wn‡m‡e GB msL¨v 1 jv‡Li †ewk| †gvU j½iLvbv †Lvjv n‡qwQj 5,862wU|20 j½iLvbvq Lvevi MÖnxZv‡`i me †_‡K eo Ask A_©vr 45 fvM wQj w`bgRyi| Avi 39 fvM wQj K…lK| Z‡e w`bgRyi‡`i ga¨ †_‡K hw` K…wl-gRyi‡`i Avjv`v Kiv nq, Zvn‡j GB `yM©Z gvbyl‡`i †ewki fvMB wQj K…lK|21 A‡bK †`‡ki g‡Zv evsjv‡`k gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi KvQ †_‡K wbqwgZ Lv`¨ mvnvh¨ †c‡q AvmwQj| mgvRZvwš¿K wKDevi mv‡_ evwYR¨ m¤úK© _vKvi Kvi‡Y Ges miKvi wbqwš¿Z evsjv‡`k cvUKj ms¯’v (we‡RGgwm) †_‡K wKDevq 40 jvL P‡Ui e¯Ív ißvwbi wm×všÍ †bqvq hy³ivóª 1974-Gi †m‡Þ¤^‡i Lv`¨ mvnvh¨ e‡Üi ûgwK †`q| KviY ÔwcGj-480Õ Abyhvqx Lv`¨ mvnvh¨ †c‡Z n‡j, †mB †`k hy³iv‡óªi Kv‡jv ZvwjKvfz³ †Kv‡bv †`‡ki mv‡_ evwYR¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|22 miKvi Avi wmwcwe Nivbvi evg gnj `ywf©¶ †gvKvwejvq miKv‡ii e¨_©Zv‡K XvK‡Z gvwK©b Lv`¨ mvnvh¨ bv †`qvUv‡KB cÖavb KviY wn‡m‡e †`wL‡q _v‡K| A_P AgZ©¨ †m‡bi M‡elYvq †`Lv †M‡Q, †kL gywR‡ei kvmbKv‡j 1974-G gv_vwcQz Pv‡ji Drcv`b m‡e©v”P wQj|23 d‡j gvwK©b Lv`¨ mvnvh¨ bv cvIqv `ywf©‡¶i Rb¨ `vqx bq| gqgbwmsn, iscyi Avi wm‡jU †Rjv‡Z `ywf©¶ me‡P‡q †ewk AvNvZ



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†n‡bwQj| GB †Rjv¸‡jv‡Z Pv‡ji Drcv`b 1974 mv‡j †e‡owQj h_vµ‡g 22, 17 I 10 fvM|24 1974-Gi eb¨vi A‡bK Av‡M †_‡KB Pv‡ji `vg evo‡Z _v‡K| eb¨vi Kvi‡Y Avgb Pv‡li hv ¶wZ n‡qwQj, Zvi †Kv‡bv cÖfve `ywf©‡¶i cÖ_g gvm¸‡jv‡Z wQj bv| KviY, †mB Avgb km¨ N‡i Zzjevi K_v wQj b‡f¤^iwW‡m¤^‡i| Avg‡bi ev¯Íe NvUwZi †P‡q NvUwZi ¸Re wQj †Rviv‡jv| GB my‡hv‡M e¨emvqx I gRy``viiv Lv`¨km¨ evRvi †_‡K nvIqv K‡i †`q|25 e¯‘Z Pzqvˇii `ywf©¶ evsjv‡`‡ki be¨ awbK †kÖwYi mvg‡b m¤ú` cywÄfe‡bi GKwU eo `iRv D‡b¥vPb K‡i w`‡qwQj|6 `ywf©¶ msNU‡b eb¨vi cÖfve wQj c‡iv¶| K…l‡Kiv me‡P‡q †ewk KvR K‡i Ges Avq K‡i Avlvp-kÖve‡Y A_©vr Ryb-AvM‡÷| †mB mg‡qB eb¨vi cvwb‡Z Kv‡Ri my‡hvMI bó n‡q wM‡qwQj| d‡j K…lK I K…wlgRy‡ii µq¶gZv K‡g wM‡qwQj gvivZ¥Kfv‡e|26 ïay MÖvgxY K…lK Avi w`bgRyiB bq, mvaviY ga¨we‡Ëi Rxe‡b Lv`¨ cÖvwß GKUv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Bmy¨ n‡q `uvovq| ga¨weËivI fv‡Zi gvo LvIqv wkL‡jv 1974 mv‡j| evmvq evmvq fv‡Zi gvo LvIqv ïiæ n‡jv| Zviv jeY wgwk‡q fv‡Zi gvo †LZ| ga¨weË m‡PZb evOvwj GUv‡K Pig Acgvb I Am¤§vb wn‡m‡e wb‡qwQj| `ywf©¶ kû‡i PvKwiRxex‡`i Rxe‡bI weiƒc cÖfve †d‡jwQj| A‡bK D”Pc`¯’ miKvwi Kg©KZ©v †ik‡bi Kzovq evbv‡bv iæwUi †cvKv †e‡Q bvk&Zv K‡i `vwg Mvwo‡Z P‡o Awd‡m †h‡Zb|27 wfÿzKivI evmvq evmvq Ny‡i fvZ bq, fv‡Zi gvo PvB‡Zv, ZvI mn‡R †cZ bv|6 `vwi‡`ª¨i `y‡h©vM I `ywf©¶ †gvKvwejvq we‡`wk mvnvh¨mvgMÖxi AwaKvsk G mgq evRv‡i cÖKv‡k¨ wewµ n‡Zv| K¤^j, R¨vg, wU‡bi Lv`¨, ¸u‡ov `yaÑ mewKQyB (we‡kl g~j¨ w`‡j) XvKvi †`vKvbcv‡U cvIqv †hZ| GK `~Zvev‡mi wnmv‡e, `~ZvevmwU cwðg †`kxq bq, we‡`wk mvnvh¨ I mvnvh¨mvgMÖxi 15 kZvs‡kiI Kg `yM©Z Rbmvavi‡Yi nv‡Z †cuŠQvq| †kL gywR‡ei fv‡Mœ †kL gwY‡K `ywf©‡¶i K_v wRÁvmv Kiv n‡j wZwb †Rvi w`‡q e‡jb †h, Ô†`vl Avgv‡`i miKv‡ii bq, †`vl †mme miKv‡ii hviv



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wPÎ-K_b: `ywf©‡ÿi mg‡q j½iLvbvi evB‡i ÿzavZ© gvbyl d‡Uv †µwWU: msM„nxZ



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m~Î: 1. EbmËi †_‡K cuPvËi; w·kvbKz, kã‰kjx, 2011, c„ôv: 253 2. evsjv‡`k : †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi kvmbKvj; gI`y` Avng`, RMjyj Avjg Ab~w`Z, BDwcGj, †deªæqvwi 2016, c„ôv: 271 3. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 273 4. wewPÎv; 3q el©, 31 msL¨v, 3 Rvbyqvwi 1975 5. `vwi`ª¨ I `ywf©¶; AgZ©¨ †mb, Abyev`: wkevw`Z¨ †mb, `vk¸ß A¨vÛ †Kvs (cÖvB‡fU) wjwg‡UW, i_hvÎv 1418, c„ôv: 132 6. gywReevwnbx †_‡K MYevwnbx: BwZnv‡mi cybc©vV; AvjZvd cvi‡fR, HwZn¨, †deªæqvwi 2015, c„ôv: 279 7. kZvãx †cwi‡q; nvq`vi AvKei Lvb i‡bv, Zid`vi cÖKvkbx, †deªæqvwi 2005, c„ôv: 318319 8. evsjv‡`k : †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi kvmbKvj; gI`y` Avng`, RMjyj Avjg Ab~w`Z, BDwcGj, †deªæqvwi 2016, c„ôv: 275 9. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 109 10. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 276 11. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 276-277 12. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 278 13. wdbvwÝqvj UvBg&m& (jÛb); †Kwfb †idvwU©, 6 Rvbyqvwb 1975 14. kZvãx †cwi‡q; nvq`vi AvKei Lvb i‡bv, Zid`vi cÖKvkbx, †deªæqvwi 2005, c„ôv: 321 15. evsjv‡`k : evnvËi †_‡K cuPvËi; m¤úv`bv: gywbiDÏxb Avng`, b‡fj cvewjwks nvDm, Rvbyqvwi 1989, c„ôv: 540-547 16. †WBwj †gBj (jÛb); Rb wcjRvi, 17 wW‡m¤^i 1974 17. `vwi`ª¨ I `ywf©¶; AgZ©¨ †mb, Abyev`: wkevw`Z¨ †mb, `vk¸ß A¨vÛ †Kvs (cÖvB‡fU) wjwg‡UW, i_hvÎv 1418, c„ôv: 133| 18. evsjv‡`k : †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi kvmbKvj; gI`y` Avng`, RMjyj Avjg Ab~w`Z, BDwcGj, †deªæqvwi 2016, c„ôv: 279 19. Kv‡Q †_‡K †`Lv: 1973-1975; †gRi †Rbv‡ij Gg Lwjjyi ingvb, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, RyjvB 2016, c„ôv: 74-75 20. evsjv‡`k AeRvifvi, 23 b‡f¤^i 1974 21. `vwi`ª¨ I `ywf©¶; AgZ©¨ †mb, Abyev`: wkevw`Z¨ †mb, `vk¸ß A¨vÛ †Kvs (cÖvB‡fU) wjwg‡UW, i_hvÎv 1418, c„ôv: 143 22. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 137 23. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 138 24. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 140 25. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 149-50 26. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 149 27. EbmËi †_‡K cuPvËi; w·kvbKz, kã‰kjx, 2011, c„ôv: 221 28. wkKv‡Mv †WBwj wbDR; †Rv †MÛ&j&g¨vb, 23 Ryb 1975 29. IqvwksUb †cv÷; ÷x‡db Gm †iv‡Rb‡dì, 4 A‡±vei 1975



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wPÎ-K_b: 22 wW‡m¤^i 1971 ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡k cªZ¨veZ©b K‡i gnvb gyw³hy‡×i †bZ…Z¡`vbKvix gywRebMi miKv‡ii †bZ…e…›`| A¯’vqx cªevmx miKv‡ii cªavbgš¿x ZvRDÏxb Avng` ¯^‡`‡k cªZ¨veZ©‡bi c‡i e³e¨ w`‡”Qb| ZvRDÏxb Avng` wQ‡jb ÔLvuwU evOvwj RvZxqZvev`Õ-Gi †PZbvq mg…× GKRb wjev‡ij †mvk¨vwj÷ †W‡gv‡µU| ZvRDÏxb Avng` †hLv‡b ivó«bvq‡KvwPZ ¸Yvejxi AwaKvix, gywRe †mLv‡b Rbm‡¤§vnbx ¶gZvai Awemsevw`Z †bZv| gywRe Av‡e‡M AvµvšÍ nb Avi ZvRDÏxb m~² we‡kø­lYx ¶gZv Ges wb‡g©vn hyw³ Øviv cwiPvwjZ GKRb cª‡qvMev`x ivó«bvqK| ZvRDÏxb Avng` Zvi GB †hvM¨Zvi DrK…ó cªgvY w`‡Z m¶g n‡qwQ‡jb gyw³hy‡×i 9 gv‡m| †kL gywR‡ei AeZ©gv‡b cy‡iv gyw³hy× bvbv evav †gvKvwejv K‡i ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki cªavbgš¿x wn‡m‡e ZvRDÏx‡bi GKK †bZ…‡Z¡B cwiPvwjZ nq| d‡Uv: msM„nxZ



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m~Î: 1. ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki cybM©V‡b ZvRDÏxb Avng‡`i cÖ‡Póv; Kvgvj †nv‡mb, A¼zi cÖKvkbx, 2008, c„ôv: 572 2. ÔgywRe evsjv‡`‡ki RbKÕ; wgRvbyi ingvb, cÖ_g Av‡jv, 4 RyjvB 2005 3. ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki cybM©V‡b ZvRDÏxb Avng‡`i cÖ‡Póv; Kvgvj †nv‡mb, A¼zi cÖKvkbx, 2008, c„ôv: 567 4. ZvRDÏxb Avng` : †bZv I wcZv; kviwgb Avn‡g`, HwZn¨, 2014, c„ôv: 193 5. gyw³hy‡×i gvbyl gyw³hy‡×i ¯^cœ; AvwZDi ingvb, mvwnZ¨ cÖKvk, 1997, c„ôv: 125 6. ˆ`wbK c~e©‡`k, 3 Ryb 1973 7. ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki cybM©V‡b ZvRDÏxb Avng‡`i cÖ‡Póv; Kvgvj †nv‡mb, A¼zi cÖKvkbx, 2008, c„ôv: 576 8. ZvRDÏxb Avng` : Av‡jv‡Ki AbšÍaviv; cÖ_g LÐ, m¤úv`bv: wmwgb †nv‡mb wiwg, cÖwZfvm, RyjvB 2006, c„ôv: 190 9. Avgvi evevi K_v; wmwgb †nv‡mb wiwg, c„ôv: 67 Ges Avãyj gwg‡bi †iKW©K…Z mv¶vrKvi| 10. ZvRDÏxb Avng` : Av‡jv‡Ki AbšÍaviv; cÖ_g LÐ, m¤úv`bv: wmwgb †nv‡mb wiwg, cÖwZfvm, RyjvB 2006, c„ôv: 161-162 11. ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki cybM©V‡b ZvRDÏxb Avng‡`i cÖ‡Póv; Kvgvj †nv‡mb, A¼zi cÖKvkbx, 2008, c„ôv: 582 12. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 583 13. ZvRDÏxb Avng` : †bZv I wcZv; kviwgb Avn‡g`, HwZn¨, 2014, c„ôv: 191 14. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 192 15. Gg Avi AvLZvi gyKzj : Avwg weRq †`‡LwQ; mvMi cvewjkvm©, 1984, c„ôv: 128 16. e½eÜzi kvmbvgj : w`bcwÄ 1975; Aa¨vcK Avey mvBwq`, gyw³ cÖKvkbx, 1993, c„ôv: 303-310 Ges 480-486 17. gvwK©b `wj‡j gywRe nZ¨vKvÐ; wgRvbyi ingvb Lvb, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, 2013, c„ôv: 193



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K‡ib| GB e¨e¯’vq cÖavbgš¿xB iv‡óªi m‡e©v”P wbe©vnx ÿgZvi AwaKvix| wKš‘ Õ75-Gi 25 Rvbyqvwi msweav‡bi PZz_© ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g †h GK`jxq kvmbe¨e¯’v Kv‡qg Kiv n‡jv, Zv‡Z msm`xq c×wZi Aemvb NwU‡q cÖavbgš¿xi cwie‡Z© ivóªcwZi nv‡Z wbe©vnx mg¯Í ÿgZv Ges AvBb I wePvi wefv‡Mi c~Y© wbqš¿‡Yi `vwqZ¡fvi Ac©Y Kiv n‡jv| PZz_© ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g GB GK`jxq bqv c×wZ‡ZI weavb Kiv n‡qwQj †h, RbM‡Yi cÖZ¨ÿ †fv‡Ui gva¨‡g ivóªcwZ wbe©vwPZ n‡eb| wKš‘ 25 Rvbyqvwi PZz_© ms‡kvabx wej cvm nIqvi wKQzÿ‡Yi g‡a¨B †kL gywRe w¯úKv‡ii Kv‡Q bZzb ivóªcwZ wnmv‡e kc_ MÖnY K‡ib| Gfv‡e bZzb weav‡b wb‡`©wkZ RbM‡Yi cÖZ¨ÿ †fv‡Ui e¨e¯’vI AMÖvn¨ Kiv n‡jv| ïaygvÎ GKwU we‡ji g‡a¨ w`‡q †kL gywRe bZzb e¨e¯’vq ivóªcwZ wnmv‡e iv‡óªi me©gq ÿgZvi AwaKvix n‡jb| mgy`q ivóª ÿgZvi m‡e©v”P Avm‡b Av‡ivnY Ki‡jb|11 PZz_© ms‡kvabxi GB weavb GKB mv‡_ cvm I cÖeZ©b Kiv n‡qwQj Ges IB mgq envj ivóªcwZi Aby‡gv`b †bqv nqwbÑ hv wQj msweav‡bi Acwinvh© wb‡`©k| †Kbbv PZz_© ms‡kvabx cvm nIqvi m‡½ m‡½ we`¨gvb ev envj ivóªcwZ gyn¤§`yjøvn‡K c`Pz¨Z †NvlYv Kiv n‡qwQj| G‡Z ejv n‡jv, GB weavb Rvwii ci †_‡K †kL gywRe evsjv‡`‡ki ivóªcwZ c‡` envj _vK‡ebÑ †hb wZwb ivóªcwZ c‡` wbe©vwPZ n‡q‡Qb| Av‡iv ejv n‡jv, a‡i wb‡Z n‡e †h, wZwb ivóªcwZ c‡` †fv‡U wbe©vwPZ n‡q‡Qb|11 ÔRvZxq `jÕ m„wói g‡a¨ w`‡q †Kej †h †`‡ki Ab¨ mKj ivR‰bwZK `j I msMVb wejyß Kiv nq ZvB bq, `yB hy‡Mi cyi‡bv AvIqvgx jx‡Mi Aw¯ÍZ¡I wejxb K‡i †`qv nq| †Kej AvIqvgx jx‡Mi wejywßB bqÑ Gmgq msm`xq MYZ‡š¿i Aemvb NUv‡bv nq Ges msweav‡bi †gŠwjK PwiÎI cv‡ë †djv nq| cvwK¯Ívb ivóª ˆ¯^ivPvix iƒc cwiMÖn Ki‡Z GK `kK mgq wb‡jI, evsjv‡`‡k ¯^vaxbZvi gvÎ Pvi eQ‡ii g‡a¨ AvbyôvwbK ˆ¯^iZš¿ cÖwZôv Ges Zv AZx‡Zi †P‡qI wbK…ó iƒc cwiMÖn Kivq RbMYB †Kej bq, Zv‡Z †Lv` gywRe miKv‡ii bxwZwba©viK †_‡K ïiæ K‡i mg_©K cwigЇjI ¸iæZi cÖkœ I‡V|12



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Rb¨ Av‡e`bc‡Î mB K‡ibwb| evwK mKj wk¶‡Ki mBmsewjZ Av‡e`bcÎ msM„nxZ n‡q †M‡Q| 15 AvM÷ ivóªcwZ †kL gywR‡ei XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q Avmvi K_v wQj Ges ZLb nvRviLv‡bK wk¶‡Ki Av‡e`bcÎ Zuvi mKv‡k `vwLj Kivi K_v wQj| wZwb wk¶K‡`i D‡Ï‡k Ô¸iæZ¡c~Y©Õ fvlY †`‡eb Ges Zv‡`i Kv‡Q Zuvi †bZ…‡Z¡i cÖwZ GKwbô mg_©‡bi cÖwZkÖæwZ PvB‡eb| wk¶KivI nvZ Zz‡j wZwb hv ej‡eb Zvi cÖwZ mg_©b Rvbv‡Z eva¨ n‡eb, GgbUvB wQj Kg©m~wP|34



`k ÔevKkvjÕ †NvlYvi ci XvKv kn‡ii ew¯Í¸‡jv miKvi D‡”Q` K‡i, ew¯Íevmx‡`i U½x‡Z ¯’vbvšÍi K‡i| we‡`wk mvsevw`K, hviv ¯^íKv‡ji Rb¨ evsjv‡`k md‡i Av‡mb Zv‡`i Kv‡Q U½x GKwU PvÂj¨Ki Ônii †÷vwiÕ n‡q I‡V| 12wU AvkÖq‡K›`ªÑ 12wU MÖvg, AmsL¨ fvOv‡Pviv Kzu‡oNiÑ Gme wb‡q †MvUv GjvKv wekvj GK ew¯Íi iƒc aviY K‡i| Riæwi Ae¯’v †NvlYvi ci cÖ_g ¶gZv cÖ`k©‡b †kL gywRe ew¯Í¸‡jv †f‡O mgvb K‡i w`‡q ew¯Íevmx‡`i XvKvi evB‡i wewfbœ miKvwi K¨v‡¤ú cybe©vmb K‡ib| U½xi Rb¨ e¯‘Z †Kv‡bv A_© eivÏ wQj bv| †iWµm Lvevi mieivn KiwQj| XvKvi ew¯ÍRxeb KwVb wQj e‡U; wKš‘ A‡bK ew¯ÍevmxiB PvKwi wQj| U½x K¨v‡¤ú kZKiv gvÎ 5 R‡bi wbqwgZ †ivRMv‡ii e¨e¯’v wQj| kZKiv 15 Rb AwbqwgZfv‡e wiK&kv, †eweU¨vw· wKsev †VjvMvwo Pvjv‡Zv, evwK mevB GK`g †eKvi| Kg©ms¯’v‡bi †Kv‡bv cwiKíbv MÖnY Kiv nqwb| e„wó n‡j U½xi K¨v¤ú Rjvf~wg‡Z cwiYZ nevi Avk¼v wQj| we‡klÁiv fwel¨ØvYx K‡ib †h, e„wó ïiæ n‡j U½x 8 dzU cvwbi wb‡P Wz‡e hv‡e| Avi ZLbB U½x K¨v‡¤úi evwm›`v‡`i mwZ¨Kvi `yt¯^cœ ïiæ n‡eÑ ÔwkKv‡Mv †WBwj wbDRÕ-G U½x wb‡q GiKg GK gg©¯úk©x wi‡cvU© Qvcv nq: nv‡Zg Avjx wiK&kv Pvwj‡q Zvi cwiev‡ii (mvZRb) fiY-†cvlY Ki‡Z cvi‡Zv| Zvici GKw`b miKvi cwievimn Zv‡K XvKvi ew¯Íi evmv †_‡K



†Rvi K‡i Uªv‡K DwV‡q kn‡ii evB‡i U½x‡Z G‡b †dj‡jv| †mLv‡b Zv‡K GK dvwj Rwg w`‡q bZzbfv‡e Rxeb ïiæ Ki‡Z ejv n‡jv| nv‡Zg Avjx XvKvq wiK&kv Pvjv‡Z †P‡qwQj| wKš‘ 40 UvKv (cÖvq 6 Wjvi) Nyl bv w`‡j Awdmviiv Zv‡K jvB‡mÝ †`‡e bv| †m hLb ej‡jv, GB wd †m w`‡Z cvi‡e bv, ZLb Zviv †¶‡c wM‡q Bs‡iwR‡Z Zv‡K cÖkœ Kiv ïiæ Ki‡jv| †mI Zv‡`i gy‡Li Ici evsjvq Reve w`‡jvÑ ÔBs‡iwR Rvb‡ev †Kb? hw` Bs‡iwRB RvbZvg, Zvn‡j †Zv †KivwbB nZvg, wiK&kv UvbZvg bv|Õ myZivs nv‡Zg Avjx U½x‡ZB iB‡jv| Avnb evbyi ¯^vgx hLb wiK&kvIqvjv wQj, ZLb Zv‡`i ¯^”QjZv wQj| Avnb evby wb‡RI XvKvq Avqv ev †ewewmUvi wn‡m‡e mßv‡n 30 UvKv (cªvq 4 Wjvi) DcvR©b Ki‡Zv| wKš‘ miKvi Zv‡K XvKvi ew¯Í †_‡K DwV‡q U½x‡Z wb‡q G‡mwQj|35



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m~Î: 1. evsjv‡`k : RvwZ MVbKv‡j GK A_©bxwZwe‡`i wKQz K_v; byiæj Bmjvg, w` BDwbfvwm©wU †cÖm wjwg‡UW, 2007, c„ôv: 126 2. gyw³hy× I Zvici : GKwU wb`©jxq BwZnvm; †Mvjvg gyiwk`, cÖ_gv cÖKvk, Rvbyqvwi 2010, c„ôv: 206 3. KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i BwZnv‡mi msw¶ß KvjcwÄ; wmwcwe, 1999, c„ôv: 10 4. gywReevwnbx †_‡K MYevwnbx : BwZnv‡mi cybc©vV; AvjZvd cvi‡fR, HwZn¨, †deªæqvwi 2015, c„ôv: 146 5. gwY wmsn : KwgDwb÷ Av‡›`vjb I mgKvjxb ivRbxwZ; W. †gv¯ÍvwdRyi ingvb, evOjvqb, 2012, c„ôv: 177 6. ˆ`wbK msev`; 20 †deªæqvwi 1975 7. gywReevwnbx †_‡K MYevwnbx: BwZnv‡mi cybc©vV; AvjZvd cvi‡fR, HwZn¨, †deªæqvwi 2015, c„ôv: 141 8. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 153-154 9. gyw³hy× I Zvici : GKwU wb`©jxq BwZnvm; †Mvjvg gyiwk`, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, Rvbyqvwi 2010, c„ôv: 207-208 10. gywReevwnbx †_‡K MYevwnbx : BwZnv‡mi cybc©vV; AvjZvd cvi‡fR, HwZn¨, †deªæqvwi 2015, c„ôv: 140-141 11. evsjv‡`k : †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi kvmbKvj; gI`y` Avng`, RMjyj Avjg Ab~w`Z, BDwcGj, †deªæqvwi 2016, c„ôv: 314-15 12. gywReevwnbx †_‡K MYevwnbx : BwZnv‡mi cybc©vV; AvjZvd cvi‡fR, HwZn¨, †deªæqvwi 2015, c„ôv: 142 13. evsjv‡`k : `yB `k‡Ki ivRbxwZÕ kxl©K Av‡jvPbv mfvq mvsevw`K AvZvDm mvgv`; 29 Rvbyqvix †_‡K 4 †deªæqvwi 1993 Ges Bangladesh : Past two decades and the current decade; Qazi Khaliquzzaman Ahmad (Editor), Bangladesh Unnayan Parishad (BUP), June 1994, p. 456-458 14. ˆ`wbK B‡ËdvK; 4 GwcÖj 1964 15. evsjv‡`k : †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi kvmbKvj; gI`y` Avng`, RMjyj Avjg Ab~w`Z, BDwcGj, †deªæqvwi 2016, c„ôv: 330-331 16. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 331-332 17. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 333 18. gywReevwnbx †_‡K MYevwnbx : BwZnv‡mi cybc©vV; AvjZvd cvi‡fR, HwZn¨, †deªæqvwi 2015, c„ôv: 143 19. ivRbxwZi wZb Kvj; wgRvbyi ingvb †PŠayix, Abb¨v cÖKvk, Ryb 2003, c„ôv: 153-154 20. Avgvi Rxeb: Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZv; gBbyj †nv‡mb, wewbgq wcÖ›Uvm© wjwg‡UW, 2017, c„ôv: 113 21. ivRbxwZi wZb Kvj; wgRvbyi ingvb †PŠayix, Abb¨v cÖKvk, Ryb 2003, c„ôv: 160 22. wbe©vwPZ ivR‰bwZK cÖeÜ; Avng` Qdv, Lvb eªv`vm© GÛ †Kv¤úvbx, 2001, c„ôv: 499-520 23. gywReevwnbx †_‡K MYevwnbx: BwZnv‡mi cybc©vV; AvjZvd cvi‡fR, HwZn¨, †deªæqvwi 2015, c„ôv: 145 24. e½eÜz †kL gywRe‡K wN‡i wKQz NUbv I evsjv‡`k; Gg G Iqv‡R` wgqv, BDwcGj, GwcÖj 2000, c„ôv: 234-35 25. evsjv‡`k : †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi kvmbKvj; gI`y` Avng`, RMjyj Avjg Ab~w`Z,



BDwcGj, †deªæqvwi 2016, c„ôv: 342 26. ZvRDÏxb Avng` : Av‡jv‡Ki AbšÍaviv; cÖ_g LÐ, m¤úv`bv: wmwgb †nv‡mb wiwg, cÖwZfvm, RyjvB 2006, c„ôv: 163 27. gywReevwnbx †_‡K MYevwnbx : BwZnv‡mi cybc©vV; AvjZvd cvi‡fR, HwZn¨, †deªæqvwi 2015, c„ôv: 147 28. cÖv¸³; 148 29. ivRfeb †_‡K e½feb; Avey Rvdi, †Lvk‡ivR wKZve gnj, 2006, c„ôv: 345 30. e‡jwQ ejwQ eje; kvn& †gvqv‡¾g †nv‡mb, Abb¨v cÖKvk, †m‡Þ¤^i 2002, c„ôv: 241-242 31. dvi B÷vb© BK‡bvwgK wiwfD (nsKs); †WwfW nv÷©, 10 Rvbyqvwi 1975 32. evsjv‡`k : evnvËi †_‡K cuPvËi; m¤úv`bv: gywbiDÏxb Avng`, b‡fj cvewjwks nvDm, Rvbyqvwi 1989, c„ôv: 621-629, †WBwj †UwjMÖvd (jÛb), cxUvi Mxj, 27 Rvbyqvwi 1975 33. Bf&wbs Rvb©vj (DBwjsUb †WjIqvi); Rb wW †MÖBUm, 13 †g 1975 34. wbe©vwPZ ivR‰bwZK cÖeÜ; Avng` Qdv, m¤úv`bv: b~iæj Av‡bvqvi, Lvb eªv`vm©, †deªæqvwi 2011, c„ôv: 499-522 35. wkKv‡Mv †WBwj wbDR; †Rv †MÛ&j&g¨vb, gvP© 26, 1975 36. †kL gywR‡ei †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi md‡ii wfwWI †`L‡Z wb‡Pi wKDAvi †KvWwU ¯‹¨vb Kiæb:



446 447



evBk



†kL gywR‡ei nZ¨vKvÐ †Zvgvi wK g‡b c‡o, †kL gywR‡ei wd‡i Avmvi Lei ï‡b Avgiv Kxfv‡e Lywki Kvbœvq †f‡O c‡owQjvg? †Zvgvi wK g‡b Av‡Q, mg¯ÍUv †`k, me¸‡jv gvbyl Lywk‡Z cvMj n‡q D‡VwQj? Ñ K‡b©j dviæK11 dviæ‡Ki kw³i Drm wQ‡jb Lv‡j` †gvkviid| dviæK wQ‡jb Zvi fv‡Mœ| †bc‡_¨ Lv‡j` †gvkviidB me iKg wbivcËv I mn‡hvwMZv w`‡q‡Qb Zv‡K| dviæK †h wKQz GKUv Ki‡e, Zv Lv‡j` Rvb‡Zb|9 K‡b©j dviæ‡Ki cwiKíbv wQj †kL gywRe‡K ew›` K‡i K¨v›Ub‡g‡›U Lv‡j` †gvkvii‡di mvg‡b nvwRi I wePv‡ii e¨e¯’v Kiv|12 K‡b©j iwk` e‡jwQ‡jb †kL gywRe‡K †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b G‡b mswÿß wePv‡ii gva¨‡g g„Zz¨`Ð cÖ`vb K‡i dvqvwis †¯‹vqv‡Wi gva¨‡g m‡½ m‡½B Zv Kvh©Ki Kivi K_v|12



c~e© NUbv 1 1974 mv‡ji gvSvgvwSi NUbv| Ô`y®‹…ZKvixÕ `gb Awfhv‡b †mbvevwnbx mviv †`‡k wb‡qvwRZ| †mbvevwnbxi Kg©KZ©v I gyw³‡hv×v †gRi Wvwj‡gi Lvjv‡Zv †evb Zvnwgbvi we‡q wVK n‡jv K‡b©j †iRvi m‡½| we‡qi `yÕw`b Av‡M †gRi Wvwjg Abyôv‡b †hvM w`‡Z Kzwgjøv †_‡K XvKvq G‡jb| XvKvi B¯‹vUb Mv‡W©b¯’ weL¨vZ †jwWm



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wPÎ-K_b: myjZvbv Avn‡g` LyKx wQ‡jb XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi QvÎx| AvšÍR©vwZK cwigЇj Zvi cwiwPwZ GK cÖwZfvevb A¨v_‡jU wn‡m‡e, †`k‡Rvov L¨vwZ| nVvr K‡i GKw`b †kL Kvgvj Avwe¯‹vi Ki‡jb, GB dzUdz‡U wgwó †g‡qUv‡K wZwb fvjev‡mb| Z‡e mgm¨vUv nj, †QvU‡ejv †_‡K wZwb Wvbwc‡U ¯^fv‡ei n‡jI fv‡jvevmvi K_v †Kv‡bvfv‡eB myjZvbv‡K Rvbv‡Z cviwQ‡jb bv, wZwb eoB weeªZ Ges wePwjZ †eva Ki‡Z jvM‡jb GB VvÛv ¯^fv‡ei g„`yfvlx †g‡qUvi gy‡LvgywL n‡Z wM‡q| DcvqšÍi bv †`‡L bvU¨Kg©x †QvU †evbZyj¨ Wwj Rûi‡K wM‡q ai‡jb wZwb| A‡bK j¤^v, my`k©b, KUv †Pv‡Li AwaKvix Avi k³ †cUv kix‡ii myjZvbv Kvgvj‡K †`‡L ZLb A‡b‡KB Kv‡Q wfo‡Z PvB‡Zv bv| Wwj Rûi eûw`b †Póv K‡iI myjZvbv‡K †kL Kvgv‡ji fv‡jvevmvi K_v ejevi gZ mvnm †RvMvo K‡i DV‡Z cvi‡jb bv| nZvk n‡q Wwj‡K fxZyi wWg e‡j frmbv Ki‡jb †kL Kvgvj| Zvici nVvr GKw`b me fq Avi wØav GK cv‡k †d‡j ûU K‡i myjZvbv‡K e‡j w`‡jb Zvui fv‡jvevmvi K_v| Avi n‡jb cÖZ¨vL¨vZ| myjZvbv Avn‡g` LyKx mivmwi e‡j w`‡jb, †cÖg †Uªg Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv| GZB hw` fvj jv‡M Z‡e †hb evmvq †jvK cvVvq| ZvB K‡iwQ‡jb †kL Kvgvj| `y cwiev‡ii m¤§wZ‡Z †kL Kvgvj I myjZvbvi we‡q m¤úbœ nq| myjZvbv Avn‡g`, 1975 Gi 14 RyjvB †kL gywReyi ingvb Gi eo †Q‡j †kL Kvgv‡ji eD n‡q Av‡mb e½eÜyi cwiev‡i| Gici †_‡KB wZwb myjZvbv Kvgvj bv‡g cwiwPZ| m`¨ `ywf©¶ cvi n‡q Avmv evsjv‡`‡k †kL gywR‡ei cyÎeay myjZvbv Kvgv‡ji Mv fiv Mnbv Avi gv_vq †mvbvi gyKy‡Ui Qwe †mBmg‡q weiƒc cÖwZwµqvi Rb¥ †`q| Qwe‡Z we‡qi mv‡R myjZvbv Kvgvj| d‡Uv: msM„nxZ



K¬v‡e we‡qi e‡›`ve¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| †mB we‡q‡Z A‡bK MY¨gvb¨ †jvK G‡mwQ‡jb AwZw_ wn‡m‡e| cy‡iv AbyôvbUvB Z`viK KiwQ‡jb †gRi Wvwjg Ges Zvi ¯¿x wbw¤§| Wvwj‡gi k¨vjK evwà QzwU‡Z G‡m‡Q KvbvWv †_‡K; we‡q‡Z †mI Dcw¯’Z| †iWµm †Pqvig¨vb MvRx †Mvjvg †gv¯Ídvi cwieviI Dcw¯’Z i‡q‡Q Af¨vMZ‡`i g‡a¨| evB‡ii n‡j cyiæl‡`i emvi RvqMvq Wvwj‡gi k¨vjK evwà e‡m wQj| Zvi wVK †cQ‡bi mvwi‡Z e‡m wQj MvRxi †Q‡jiv| Iiv mevB Kgeqmx| nVvr K‡i MvRxi †Q‡jiv †cQb †_‡K VvÆv K‡i evwài gv_vi Pzj Uv‡b, evwà †cQ‡b ZvKv‡j Iiv wbe©vK e‡m _v‡K| Gfv‡e MvRxi †Q‡jiv evievi evwài Pzj UvbwQj| evwà †i‡M Zv‡`i wR‡Ám K‡iÑ Pzj Uvb‡Q †K? Avgiv ciL K‡i †`LwQjvg Avcbvi Pzj Avmj bv ciPzjvÑ Reve w`‡jv GKRb| gv_v Nywi‡q wb‡ZB Avevi Pz‡j Uvb c‡o| Gevi evwà †h †Q‡jwU Pz‡j Uvb w`‡qwQj Zv‡K a‡i Ni †_‡K †ei K‡i †`q| †gRi Wvwjg ZLb we‡qi Z`viwK Ges AwZw_‡`i wb‡q e¨¯Í| LvIqv-`vIqvi ce© †kl| †mw`b Avevi wewUwf‡Z mZ¨wRr iv‡qi ÔgnvbMiÕ Pjw”PÎ †`Lv‡bvi K_v; ZvB A‡b‡KB ZvovZvwo wd‡i hv‡”Qb QwewU †`Lvi Rb¨| Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨B †jwWm K¬ve cÖvq duvKv n‡q †Mj| XvKvi Gmwc gvneye wQ‡jb †gRi Wvwj‡gi we‡kl Nwbô eÜz‡`i GKRb; `yÕR‡b GKBm‡½ gyw³hy× K‡i‡Qb| Gmwc gvneye Lei cvwV‡q‡Qb, Abyôv‡b Zvi †cuŠQ‡Z GKUz †`wi n‡e| Gw`‡K Nwbô AvZ¥xq-¯^Rbiv m‡egvÎ †L‡Z e‡m‡Q| nVvr `yÕwU gvB‡µvevm Ges GKUv Kvi G‡m XzK‡jv †jwWm K¬v‡e| Kvi †_‡K bvg‡jb ¯^qs MvRx †Mvjvg †gv¯Ídv Avi gvB‡µvevm `yÕwU †_‡K bvgj 10-12 Rb A¯¿avix KzËv| Mvwo †_‡KB wPrKvi Ki‡Z Ki‡Z †eiæ‡jb MvRx †Mvjvg †gv¯Ídv| †Kv_vq †gRi Wvwjg? †ewk evo †e‡o‡Q? Zv‡K AvR Avwg kv‡q¯Ív Ki‡ev| †gRi Wvwjg ZLb †fZ‡i mevi m‡½ Lvw”Q‡jb| †K †hb G‡m ej‡jv 450 451



MvRx G‡m‡Qb| Wvwjg‡K wZwb LyuR‡Qb| nVvr K‡i MvRx G‡m‡QbÑ Kx e¨vcvi? Wvwjg evB‡i G‡jb| eviv›`vq Avm‡ZB 6-7 Rb †÷bMvbavix Wvwj‡gi ey‡K-wc‡V-gv_vq A¯¿ †VwK‡q wN‡i `uvov‡jv| NUbvi AvKw¯§KZvq Wvwjg nZevK AcÖ¯‘Z| mvg‡b G‡m `uvov‡jb fxlYfv‡e ¶xß ¯^qs MvRx| Zvi Bkvivq A¯¿avixiv mevB ZLb Wvwjg‡K Uvbv-†nuPov K‡i gvB‡µvev‡mi w`‡K wb‡q hvevi †Póv Ki‡Q| we‡q Dcj‡¶ wbivcËvi Rb¨ cywj‡ki e‡›`ve¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q; Mvwo‡Z Wvwj‡gi G¯‹U© ˆmwbKiv i‡q‡Q| Wvwjg wVK eyS‡Z cviwQ‡jb bv Kx Kiv DwPZ| GKUv we‡qi Abyôvb| Kb¨v`vb Kiv nqwb ZLbI| Kx Kvi‡Y †h Ggb A™¢zZ GKUv cwiw¯’wZi m„wó n‡jv †mUvB eyS‡Z cviwQ‡jb bv| nVvr Wvwjg †`L‡jb wewkó gyw³‡hv×v Avjg Ges Pzjøy‡K gvi‡Z gvi‡Z GKUv gvB‡µvev‡m DVv‡jv 3-4 Rb A¯¿avix| B‡Zvg‡a¨ evB‡i nBPB ï‡b Wvwj‡gi ¯¿x wbw¤§ Ges we‡qi K‡b Zvnwgbvi Av¤§v †ewi‡q G‡m‡Qb A›`ignj †_‡K| Kb¨vi gv Qz‡U G‡m MvRx‡K ej‡jbÑ fvBmv‡ne, GwK Ki‡Qb Avcwb? I‡K †Kb Ac`¯’ Ki‡Qb? †Kv_vq wb‡q hv‡”Qb I‡K? Kx †`vl K‡i‡Q I? MvRx Zvi †Kv‡bv K_viB Reve w`‡jb bv| Zvi ûKzg Zvwgj n‡jv| Wvwjg‡K †Rvi K‡i †V‡j DVv‡bv n‡jv gvB‡µvev‡m| Mvwo‡Z D‡V Wvwjg †`L‡jb, Avjg I Pzjøy `yÕR‡bB ¸iæZi AvnZ| I‡`i gv_v Ges gyL †_‡K i³ Mwo‡q cowQj| Wvwjg‡K Mvwo‡Z Zzj‡ZB Zvnwgbvi Av¤§v Ges Wvwj‡gi ¯¿x wbw¤§ `yÕR‡bB MvRx‡K ej‡jbÑ I‡`i m‡½ Avgv‡`i‡KI wb‡Z n‡e Avcbv‡K| I‡`i GKv wb‡q †h‡Z †`‡ev bv Avgiv| MvRxi Bkvivq I‡`i‡KI av°v w`‡q DVv‡bv n‡jv gvB‡µvev‡m| gvB‡µvevm `yÕwU wQj mv`v i‡Oi Ges Mv‡q wQj Ô†iWµmÕ wPý AuvKv| MvRxi Mvwo Pj‡jv Av‡M Av‡M Avi Wvwjg‡`i enbKvix gvB‡µvevmwU Pj‡jv Zvi †cQ‡b| Gig‡a¨ Wvwj‡gi †QvU fvB gyw³‡hv×v Kvgiæj nK ¯^cb, exiweµg cÖ_g †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡jb †im‡Kv‡m© (eZ©gvb †mvn&ivIqv`©x D`¨vb) Avwg© K‡›Uªvj iæ‡g; c‡i K¨v›Ub‡g‡›Ui Ggwc BDwb‡U| XvKv weª‡MW †g‡mI LeiUv



wPÎ-K_b: XvKv Iqvixi ejav Mv‡W©‡b ev w`K †_‡K Dcweó Kvwkgcy‡ii Rwg`vi ivq evnv`yi AZzj cÖmv` ivq †PŠayix, Ôe½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvbÕ, ÔMvRx †Mvjvg †gv¯Ídv I Abvgx cÖmv` ivq †PŠayixÕ| cÂvk `k‡Ki †k‡li w`‡K †Zvjv Qwe| GB MvRx †Mvjvg †gv¯ÍdvB gywRe Avg‡j XvKvi Îvm wQ‡jv, GgbwK †m †gRi Wvwjg‡K nZ¨vi D‡Ï‡k¨ AcniY K‡iwQ‡jv| GB MvRx †Mvjvg †gv¯Ídv‡K †kL gywRe †iWµ‡mi †Pqvig¨vb K‡iwQ‡jb| †m GgbB gnv †Pvi wQ‡jv †h †m †kL gywR‡ei K¤^j UvI †g‡i w`‡qwQ‡jv| †kL gywRe e‡jwQ‡jb, mvZ †KvwU ev½vjxi mv‡o mvZ †KvwU K¤^j| Avgvi K¤^j Lvb †Mj KB MvRx †Mvjvg †gv¯Ídv| †K Rvb‡Zv gywR‡ei wbhy³ †iW µ‡mi MvRx †Mvjvg †gv¯Ídv Gfv‡e †`‡ki RbM‡Yi mv‡_ mv‡_ gywR‡ei K¤^jI †g‡i w`‡eb| gywRe wVKB eyS‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb †h GUv cyKzi bq ixwZgZ mvMi Pzwi Ki‡Q H MvRx †Mvjvg †gv¯Ídv| Zvi n‡Z K¤^j D×vi‡Zv `~i, Zv‡K †iW µ‡mi †Pqvig¨v‡bi c` n‡Z AcmviY ch©šÍ Ki‡Z cv‡ib wb| gywRe †R‡b ï‡b GKRb gnv‡Pvi‡K GKwU ¯úk©KvZi cÖwZôv‡b _vK‡Z w`‡qwQ‡jb| †gRi Wvwjg‡K nZ¨vi D‡Ï‡k¨ AcniY K‡i GB MvRx †Mvjvg †gv¯Ídv †mbvevwnbx‡Z †h †¶v‡fi Av¸b R¡vwj‡q w`‡qwQ‡jb †mB Av¸bB 1975 Gi 15 AvMó m„wó‡Z f~wgKv †i‡LwQ‡jv| d‡Uv: msM„nxZ



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†cuŠ‡Q w`‡jb ¯^cb| Zvici †ewi‡q †M‡jb XvKv kn‡ii gyw³‡hv×v‡`i m‡½ †hvMv‡hvM K‡i Wvwjg‡K Lyu‡R †ei Kivi Rb¨| Aveyj Lv‡qi wjUz Wvwj‡gi †QvU †evb gûqvi ¯^vgx Ges Wvwj‡gi eÜz| wZwb Qz‡U †M‡jb Wvwj‡gi eÜz Gmwc gvney‡ei evmvq, †eBwj †iv‡W| Wvwjg‡K Zz‡j wb‡q hvevi K_v ï‡b gvneye ¯Íw¤¢Z n‡q hvb| cÖavbgš¿x‡KB LeiUv me‡P‡q Av‡M †`qv `iKvi, †Kv‡bv ANUb N‡U hvevi Av‡M| MvRxi †Kv‡bv wek¦vm †bB; Ii Øviv mewKQzB m¤¢e| gvneye †Uwj‡dv‡bi w`‡K GwM‡q hvb| wKš‘ gvney‡ei †iW †Uwj‡dvb †e‡R D‡V‡Q| gvneye Av‡¯Í DwV‡q †bb wiwmfvi| cÖavbgš¿x wb‡RB Kj K‡i‡Qb, wZwb Gmwc gvneye‡K ZvovZvwo Zuvi evmvq P‡j Avm‡Z e‡jb| †kL gywRe ZLbI cy‡iv NUbv Rv‡bb bv| Gmwc gvneye cy‡iv NUbv †kL gywR‡ei Kv‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki‡jb| Gw`‡K MvRxi Kv‡djv ZLb igbv _vbv n‡q P‡j‡Q AvMviMuvI-Gi w`‡K| Wvwjg wPwšÍZ n‡q co‡jb| MvRxi g‡b †Kv‡bv `yiwfmwÜ †bB †Zv? i¶xevwnbxi K¨v‡¤ú wb‡q wM‡q nZ¨v Ki‡e bv †Zv? Ii c‡¶ mewKQzB Kiv m¤¢e| wKQz GKUv Kiv DwPZ| nVvr Wvwjg e‡j DV‡jbÑ Mvwo _vgvI!



wPÎ-K_b: †gRi Wvwjg I Zvi ¯¿x wbw¤§ GKvšÍ gyû‡Z©| AvIqvgx jxM †bZv MvRx †Mvjvg †gv¯Ívdv †gRi Wvwjg Ges wbw¤§‡K Awdmvm© K¬ve †_‡K A‡¯¿i gy‡L Zy‡j wb‡q hvq| †hB NUbvi cÖfve wQ‡jv my`~icÖmvwi| d‡Uv: msM„nxZ



WªvBfvi Mvwo _vwg‡q w`‡jv| MvwoUv †_‡g covq mvg‡bi MvRxi MvwoUvI †_‡g coj| Wvwjg ZLb A¯¿avix GKRb‡K j¶¨ K‡i ej‡jb MvRx‡K †W‡K Avb‡Z| MvRx †b‡g Kv‡Q G‡j Wvwjg Zv‡K ej‡jbÑ MvRx mv‡ne, Avcwb Avgv‡`i wb‡q hv-B wPšÍv K‡i _v‡Kb bv †Kb, †jwWm K¬ve †_‡K Avgv‡`i DwV‡q Avb‡Z wKš‘ mevB Avcbv‡K †`‡L‡Q| ZvB †Kv‡bv wKQz K‡i †mUv‡K †egvjyg nRg K‡i hvIqv Avcbvi c‡¶ wKQz‡ZB m¤¢e n‡e bv| Wvwj‡gi K_v ï‡b Kx †hb †f‡e wZwb Avevi Zvi Mvwo‡Z wM‡q DV‡jb| Mvwo Nywi‡q MvRx Gevi Pj‡jb avbgwÛ 32 b¤^‡i cÖavbgš¿xi evwoi w`‡K| KjvevMvb w`‡q 32 b¤^i †iv‡W Xz‡K gvB‡µvevmUv‡K †kL mv‡n‡ei evwoi †MU †_‡K GKUz `~‡i GKUv Mv‡Qi Qvqvq _vg‡Z Bkviv K‡i MvRx Zvi Mvwo wb‡q †mvRv †MU w`‡q Xz‡K †M‡jb cÖavbgš¿xi evwoi †fZ‡i| †m‡KÛ wdì AvwU©jvwi †iwR‡g‡›Ui ˆmwbKiv ZLb †kL mv‡n‡ei evwo cvnviv w`‡”Q| †gRi Wvwjg GKevi I‡`i WvKvi K_v fve‡jb| Avevi fve‡jb, Gi d‡j hw` †Mvjv¸wj ïiæ n‡q hvq Z‡e µm&dvqv‡i wec‡`i SzuwK †ewk| G mg¯Í wPšÍv Ki‡Z Ki‡ZB nVvr †`L‡jb, wjUzi mv`v U‡qvUv KviUv cvk w`‡q GwM‡q †kL mv‡n‡ei evwoi †M‡U wM‡q _vgj; wjUzB Pvjvw”Qj Mvwo| Mvwo †_‡K bvgj Gmwc gvneye| †b‡gB cÖvq †`Š‡o †fZ‡i P‡j †Mj †m| wjUz GKUz GwM‡q wM‡q iv¯Ívi cv‡k Mvwo _vwg‡q iB‡jv m¤¢eZ gvney‡ei wd‡i Avmvi cÖZx¶vq| wjUz Ges gvneye‡K †`‡L mevB Avk¦¯Í n‡jb| gvney‡ei †fZ‡i hvIqvi K‡qK wgwb‡Ui g‡a¨B †kL †invbv, †kL Kvgvj Qz‡U evB‡i G‡m mevB‡K †fZ‡i wb‡q hvq| Avjg I Pzjøyi i³¶iY †`‡L †kL gywRe I Ab¨ mevB kw¼Z n‡q I‡Vb| MvRx‡K D‡Ïk K‡i M‡R© DV‡jb †kL gywRe| ej‡jb: GUv wK K‡iwQm? †Pqvi †Q‡o D‡V G‡m wbw¤§ Ges Wvwjg‡K Rwo‡q ai‡jb wZwb| Zvnwgbvi Av¤§v wVKg‡Zv nuvU‡Z cviwQ‡jb bv| †kL Kvgvj, †kL †invbv Iiv mevB aivawi K‡i I‡`i Dc‡i wb‡q †Mj| †kL gywR‡ei Kvgivq ZLb Wvwjg, wbw¤§ Avi MvRx Qvov Ab¨ †KD wQj bv| wbw¤§ `yt‡L-Møvwb‡Z Kvbœvq †f‡O co‡jb| †kL gywRe I‡K Rwo‡q a‡i mvšÍ¦bv w`‡Z †Póv KiwQ‡jb| A`~‡i MvRx †fRv †eov‡ji g‡Zv KzuK‡o `uvwo‡q KuvcwQ‡jb|



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wPÎ-K_b: fvi‡Zi Zygyj RbwcÖq dzUej K¬ve B÷‡e½j Gi †L‡jvqvo, K¬ve KZ©v‡`i mv‡_ †kL gywReyi ingvb| Qwe‡Z RvZxq Pvi †bZv‡`i GKRb ˆmq` bRiæj Bmjvg‡KI †`Lv hv‡”Q| 1972 mv‡j B÷‡e½j K¬ve wÎgyKyU Rq K‡iwQj| A_©vr AvBGdG wkì, WzivÛ Kvc I †ivfvm© Kvc wR‡ZwQj| IB eQi evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavbgš¿x †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi Aby‡iv‡a B÷‡e½j K¬ve evsjv‡`k md‡i wM‡qwQj| evsjv‡`k GKv`‡ki m‡½ cvuPwU cÖ`k©bx g¨vP †L‡jwQj| Gi g‡a¨ `yÕwU g¨vP Wª nq| wZbwU g¨vP †R‡Z B÷‡e½j K¬ve| B÷‡e½j K¬v‡ei †L‡jvqvo Awgq fÆvPvh© †RZv wZbwU g¨v‡Pi cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡ZB †Mvj K‡iwQ‡jb| e½eÜyi evmfe‡b ˆbk‡fv‡R B÷‡e½j K¬v‡ei me m`m¨ Avgwš¿Z n‡qwQ‡jb| e½eÜy mKj †L‡jvqvo‡K GKwU cvj‡Zvjv †bŠ‡Kvi ¯§viK Dcnvi w`‡qwQ‡jb| †mBmv‡_ Av‡iv, Dcnvi †`b Zm‡ii †cvkvK Avi gvbcÎ| d‡Uv: msM„nxZ



nVvr †dvb †e‡R DVj| †iW †dvb| †kL mv‡ne wb‡RB Zz‡j wb‡jb wiwmfvi| MvRxi evmv †_‡K †dvb G‡m‡Q| evmv †_‡K Lei w`‡jv, Avwg© MvRxi evmv †iBW K‡i mevB‡K a‡i wb‡q †M‡Q| ïay ZvB bq, mg¯Í kn‡i Avwg© †PK‡cv÷ ewm‡q cÖwZwU Mvwo †PK Ki‡Q| K¨v›Ub‡g›U †_‡K wKW&b¨vwcs-Gi Lei cvIqvi ci ciB Bqs Awdmviiv †h †hLv‡bB wQj mevB †ewi‡q c‡o‡Q Ges Lyu‡R †ei Kivi †Póv Ki‡Q †gRi Wvwjg I Zvi ¯¿x wbw¤§‡K| mg¯Í kn‡i nBPB c‡o †M‡Q| MvRxiI †Kv‡bv Lei †bB| MvRx‡K Ges Zvi A¯¿avix mš¿vmx‡`iI LyuR‡Q Avwg© Zbœ Zbœ K‡i m¤¢ve¨ me RvqMvq| †Uwj‡dvb cvIqvi ci †kL gywR‡ei gyLUv Kv‡jv n‡q



†Mj| †dvb †c‡qB wZwb mevi mvg‡bB Avwg© wPd kwdDjøvn‡K nUjvB‡b ej‡jbÑ Wvwjg, wbw¤§, MvRx mevB Avgvi GLv‡b Av‡Q; Zzwg Rjw` P‡j Av‡mv Avgvi GLv‡b| †dvb †i‡L MvRx‡K D‡Ïk K‡i †kL gywRe ej‡jbÑ gvd Pv wbw¤§i Kv‡Q| MvRx †kL gywR‡ei ûKz‡g wbw¤§i w`‡K GK cv G‡Mv‡ZB wmsnxi g‡Zv M‡R© DVj wbw¤§| Lei`vi! †Zvi g‡Zv BZi †jv‡Ki gvd PvBevi †Kv‡bv AwaKvi †bB, e`gvBk! Wvwjg A‡bK †Póv K‡iI †mw`b wbw¤§‡K kvšÍ Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb| †kL gywRe wbw¤§i K_v ï‡b I‡K Rwo‡q a‡i gv_vq nvZ eywj‡q Av`i K‡i e‡jwQ‡jbÑ gv ZzB kvšÍ nÕ| nvwmbv-†invbvi g‡Zv ZzB-I Avgvi †g‡q| Avwg wbðqB Gi Dchy³ wePvi Ki‡ev| Ab¨vq! fxlY Ab¨vq K‡i‡Q MvRx! wKš‘ ZzB gv kvšÍ nÕ| e‡jB †kL †invbv‡K †W‡K wZwb wbw¤§‡K Dc‡i wb‡q †h‡Z ej‡jb| †kL †invbv G‡m wbw¤§‡K Dc‡i wb‡q †Mj| B‡Zvg‡a¨ †Rbv‡ij kwdDjøvn Ges XvKv weª‡MW KgvÛvi mvdvqvZ Rvwgj G‡m †cuŠ‡Q‡Qb| †kL gywRe Zv‡`i mewKQz Ly‡j e‡j †Rbv‡ij kwdDjøvn&‡K Aby‡iva Ki‡jb MvRxi cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i †Q‡o †`evi e‡›`ve¯Í Ki‡Z| †Rbv‡ij kwdDjøvn& †im‡Kvm© K‡›Uªvj iæ‡g Acv‡ikb KgvÛvi †gRi †gv‡g‡bi m‡½ K_v ejvi Rb¨ †Uwj‡dvb Zz‡j wb‡jbÑ n¨v‡jv †gv‡gb, Avwg kwdDjøvn& ejwQ, cÖvBg wgwb÷v‡ii evmv †_‡K| Wvwjg, wbw¤§, MvRx Iiv mevB GLv‡bB Av‡Q| cÖvBg wgwb÷viI GLv‡bB Dcw¯’Z Av‡Qb| me wVK n‡q hv‡e| †Zvgvi ˆmwbK‡`i wdwi‡q bvI Ges MvRx mv‡n‡ei cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i †Q‡o `vI| †gRi †gv‡gb Aci cÖvšÍ †_‡K †Rbv‡ij kwdDjøvn&‡K cwi®‹vifv‡e Rvwb‡q w`‡jb, wKW&b¨vc K‡i wb‡q hvIqv Awdmvi Ges Zvi ¯¿x‡K bv †`Lv ch©šÍ Ges MvRx I Zvi 17 Rb A‰ea A¯¿avix mš¿vmx‡K Zvi nv‡Z mgc©Y bv Kiv ch©šÍ Zvi c‡¶ MvRxi cwiev‡ii KvD‡KB Qvov m¤¢e bq| kwdDjøvn& Zv‡K



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wPÎ-K_b: mvgwiK evwnbxi wel‡q gywR‡ei ÔwiRv‡f©kbÕ mvgwiK evwnbxi wel‡q †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi GK ai‡bi ÔwiRv‡f©kbÕ A_©vr, AvcwË ev Awb”Qvi g‡bvfve A_ev msiwÿZ g‡bvfve wQj| mgmvgwqK Kv‡j Gwkqv, Avwd«Kvi eû †`‡k Ges †Lv` cvwK¯Ív‡b ivóª cwiPvjbvq mvgwiK evwnbxi n¯Í‡ÿc I Gi weiƒc cÖfve Zuvi g‡a¨ wZ³ AwfÁZvi mÂvi K‡i _vK‡Z cv‡i| ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡k Zuvi ivRbxwZ I ivR‰bwZK m½x-mv_x‡`i f~wgKv I wµqvKjvc mvgwiK evwnbx‡K Ô†`kiÿviÕ we‡kl `vwq‡Z¡ wKsev ZvwM‡` KL‡bv DØy× K‡i Zzj‡e wK-bv †m cÖ‡kœI GKUv AgxgvswmZ Ae¯’v‡b wQ‡jb, ejv hvq| ¯^vaxb iv‡óªi KY©avi wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ MÖn‡Yi ci †`Lv †Mj, fvi‡Zi B”Qv I civgk© Ges cÖevmx miKv‡ii cÖavbgš¿x ZvRDÏxb Avng`mn `‡ji kxl©¯’vbxq †bZv‡`i A‡b‡Ki g‡Zv wZwbI Pvb bv, wekvj AvKv‡ii mymsMwVZ kw³kvjx mvgwiK evwnbx M‡o Zzj‡Z| ïaygvÎ Avav-mvgwiK ev wgwjwkqv evwnbx M‡o Zz‡j Af¨šÍixY kvwšÍ-k„•Ljvi cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡Z Pvb, hvi cÖv_wgK bgybv wn‡m‡e cvIqv †Mj ÔiÿxevwnbxÕ‡K| GB ÔiÿxevwnbxÕ‡K wZwb ÔweKí †mbvevwnbxÕi Av`‡j M‡o Zzj‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| GUv‡K cÖavbgš¿x wn‡m‡e mivmwi Zuvi wb‡Ri nv‡Z †i‡LwQ‡jb Ges Zuvi Ôivóªxq ivR‰bwZK evwnbxÕ wn‡m‡eB e¨envi Ki‡Zb| 1973-Gi 6 A‡±vei Avie-Bmiv‡qj hy× ïiæ nq| wgm‡ii †bZ…‡Z¡ Avie gymwjg †`k¸‡jvi GB hy‡× bxwZMZfv‡e msnwZ cÖKvk K‡i gywRe miKvi wgm‡ii †cÖwm‡W›U Av‡bvqvi mvÕ`vZ‡K wegvb f‡i Pv-cvZv cvVvb| hyׇÿ‡Î



ˆmwbK‡`i †`n-gb mRxe I m‡ZR ivLvi GB Pv-cvZvi wdiwZ ï‡f”Qv wn‡m‡e wÎkwU wU-54 U¨vsK I Gi Kvgv‡bi Pvi kÕ †Mvjv evsjv‡`‡k Dcnvi cvVvb †cÖwm‡W›U Av‡bvqvi mvÕ`vZ| hy×weaŸ¯Í evsjv‡`‡ki †mbvevwnbx‡Z GUv wQj GK we‡kl ms‡hvRb| GB U¨vsK eni Õ74-Gi RyjvB gv‡m PÆMÖvg e›`‡i G‡m †cuŠQv‡j 1g †e½j †iwR‡g‡›Ui cÿ †_‡K MÖnY K‡ib AwabvqK K‡b©j dviæK ingvb| cÖavbgš¿x †kL gywRe cÖ_‡g GB U¨vsK Dcnvi MÖnY Ki‡ZB ivwR nbwb| wZwb cÖK…Zc‡ÿ GUv wbwðZ n‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb †h, GBme U¨vsK †hb †Kv‡bv mgqB AšÍZ Zuvi weiæ‡× †KD e¨envi Ki‡Z bv cv‡i| me¸‡jv U¨vsK DËie‡½i iscyi †mbvwbev‡m cvVv‡bvi K_v ejv n‡jI XvKv †mbvwbev‡mB i‡q †Mj| Z‡e Gi me †Mvjv Rq‡`ecyi †mbvwbev‡m AW&©b¨vÝ& wW‡cv‡Z Zvjve× K‡i ivLv n‡jv| ¯^vaxb iv‡óª cÖ_g †_‡KB cÖwZiÿv gš¿Yvjq miKvi cÖavb wn‡m‡e cÖavbgš¿x wb‡Ri nv‡Z †i‡LwQ‡jb| XvKvq G‡m †cuŠQv‡j wgm‡ii Dcnvi U¨vsK¸‡jv †`L‡Z G‡jb cÖavbgš¿x †kL gywRe| Qwe‡Z XvKv †mbvwbev‡mi †Kv‡bv GK ¯’v‡b U¨vsK cwi`k©‡bi mgq GKwU U¨vs‡Ki Dc‡i D‡V myiÿv ÔXvKbvÕ Ly‡j Gi Af¨šÍ‡i †hv×v ˆmwbK‡`i Ae¯’vb I hy‡× Gi bvbvgyLx e¨envi Ges Kjv‡KŠkj cÖZ¨ÿ K‡ib| Zuvi †cQ‡bB `uvwo‡q Av‡Qb †mbvevwnbx cÖavb †Rbv‡ij kwdDjøvn| ˆmwbK I AwabvqKiv cÖavbgš¿x‡K Gi bvbv iKg KvwiMix w`K I e¨envwiK Kjv‡KŠkj eywS‡q w`w”Q‡jb| wKš‘ †mme wKQz Qvwc‡q Zuvi g‡a¨ wK `ywðšÍvi †Kv‡bv Qvqv c‡owQj? Zuvi †PvL-gy‡Li Awfe¨w³‡Z wK †Kv‡bv iKg `yf©vebv †iLvcvZ K‡iwQj? ¯’jhy‡×i ÔPjgvb `yM©Õiƒcx AmvaviY kw³ai e„n`vKvi GB hy×v¯¿wU wK Zuvi A¯^w¯Íi KviY n‡q D‡VwQj? cÖavbgš¿x †kL gywRe GB U¨vsK¸‡jv AšÍZ Zuvi weiæ‡× e¨envi Kiv n‡e bvÑ GUv wbwðZ Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| wKš‘ fv‡M¨i wbg©g cwinvm! 15 AvM‡÷i NUbvq GB U¨vsK GKwU cÖavb f~wgKvq AeZxY© n‡qwQj| gywR‡ei cig wbf©iZvi wbR¯^ ivóªxq evwnbx ÔiÿxevwnbxÕ Zvi m`i `߇i K‡qK nvRvi ˆmwbKmn GB en‡ii gvÎ GKwU U¨vs‡Ki mvg‡b w¯’i-wbðj n‡q `uvwo‡q wM‡qwQj, we›`ygvÎ f~wgKv †bevi †Póv K‡iwb| d‡Uv: msM„nxZ



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A‡bK †evSv‡Z †Póv Ki‡jb, wKš‘ †gRi †gv‡gb Zvi Ae¯’v‡b AUj| Ae‡k‡l kwdDjøvn& B”Qvi weiæ‡×, A‡bKUv eva¨ n‡qB cÖavbgš¿x‡K Acv‡ikb KgvÛvi-Gi kZ©¸‡jv Rvbv‡jb| †kL gywRe ZLb Wvwjg‡K Aby‡iva Ki‡jb †gRi †gv‡g‡bi m‡½ K_v ej‡Z| Wvwjg AMZ¨v †Uwj‡dvb nv‡Z Zz‡j wb‡jbÑ n¨v‡jv m¨vi; †gRi Wvwjg ejwQ| mewKQz wbqš¿‡Y, cÖavbgš¿x K_v w`‡q‡Qb wZwb b¨vqwePvi Ki‡eb| †gRi †gv‡gb Wvwj‡gi K_v‡ZI big n‡jb bv| eis wZwb ej‡jb, A¯¿avix mš¿vmx‡`i †Kv‡bvfv‡eB †Q‡o †`qv mvgwiK evwnbxi c‡¶ m¤¢e bq| Wvwjg Aby‡iva Rvwb‡qwQ‡jb †gRi †gv‡gb †hb wb‡R G‡mB cwiw¯’wZ †`‡L hvb| †gRi †gv‡gb wb‡R bv G‡m K¨v‡Þb wd‡ivR‡K cvVvb 32 b¤^‡i Ae¯’v †`Lvi Rb¨| Aí¶‡Yi g‡a¨B K¨v‡Þb wd‡ivR G‡m co‡jb| wd‡ivR Wvwj‡gi evj¨eÜz| G‡mB Wvwjg‡K Rwo‡q ai‡jb| K¨v‡Þb wd‡ivR‡K D‡Ïk K‡i mevi mvg‡bB Wvwjg e‡jwQ‡jb, †`‡ki cÖavbgš¿x hLb wePv‡ii Iqv`v K‡i‡Qb, †mB †¶‡Î MvRxi cwiev‡ii



wPÎ-K_b: 27 RyjvB 1975, Rb¥w`‡b bvwb Ges `yB gvgv †kL Kvgvj I †kL iv‡m‡ji mv‡_ †kL nvwmbvi eo †Q‡j mRxe Iqv‡R` Rq| `yw`b ci Rq-cyZzj Avi †kL †invbv‡K wb‡q ¯^vgx W. Gg G Iqv‡R` wgqvi Kg©¯’j Rvg©vwb‡Z P‡j hvb †kL nvwmbv| Avi Kw`b ciB N‡U b„ksm nZ¨vhÁ| d‡Uv: msM„nxZ



m`m¨‡`i Avi AvU‡K ivLvi cÖ‡qvRb Kx? †gRi †gv‡gb‡K eywS‡q Zv‡`i †Q‡o †`evi e‡›`ve¯Í Kwim| evB‡i †ewi‡q †gRi Wvwjg †`L‡jb 32 b¤^i iv¯Ívq Mvwoi wf‡o wZj avi‡Yi VuvB †bB| cywjk Ae¯’v mvgvj w`‡Z wngwkg Lv‡”Q| eÜz-evÜeiv hviv Rvb‡Z †c‡i‡Q wKW&b¨vwcs-Gi e¨vcviUv Zv‡`i A‡b‡KB G‡m R‡ov n‡q‡Q ¯^Ztù~Z©fv‡e| Wvwjg‡`i †`‡L mevB wN‡i ai‡jv| mevB Rvb‡Z Pvq Kx cÖwZKvi Ki‡eb cÖavbgš¿x GB RNb¨ Aciv‡ai| ms‡¶‡c hZUzKz ejvi ZZUzKz e‡j Wvwjg wd‡i G‡jb †jwWm K¬v‡e| Gmwc gvneyeI G‡jb m‡½|1 mywePv‡ii Avk¦vm w`‡jI Zv f½ K‡i †kL gywRe Ô†mbv k„•Ljv f‡½i `v‡qÕ †gRi Wvwjg I †gRi b~imn AvURb exi gyw³‡hv×v Awdmvi‡K PvKwi †_‡K eiLv¯Í Ki‡jb| XvKv K¨v›Ub‡g‡›U Rywbqi Awdmvi‡`i g‡a¨ ˆZwi n‡jv `viæY D‡ËRbv| †mbv cÖavb †Rbv‡ij kwdDjøvn& GB `yB ZiæY Awdmvi‡K eiLv¯Í bv Kivi Rb¨ †Rvi mycvwik Ki‡jI †kL gywRe Zv cÖZ¨vnvi Ki‡Z A¯^xKvi K‡ib| NUbvwU ÿz`ª n‡jI Gi cÖwZwµqv wQj my`~icÖmvix|2



c~e© NUbv 2 evnvËi mv‡ji gvSvgvwS bIMvu †Rjvi AvÎvB A‡j Ôc~e©-cvwK¯Ív‡bi KwgDwb÷ cvwU©Õ Iwn`yi ingvb I wUcy wek¦v‡mi †bZ…‡Z¡ Ô†kÖwYkÎæ LZ‡gÕi Awfhvb ïiæ K‡i| GB LZg Awfhv‡bi weiæ‡× †mbv weª‡MW bvgv‡bv nq| GB †mbv weª‡M‡Wi AwabvqK wQ‡jb †j. K‡b©j kvdvqvZ Rvwgj| kvdvqvZ K‡Vvi nv‡Z Ô†kÖwYkÎæ LZ‡gÕi Awfhvb `gb K‡ib| msN‡l© ¯’vbxq A‡bK ZiæY wbnZ nq| b~i †PŠayix wQ‡jb kvdvqvZ Rvwg‡ji Aax‡b GKRb K¨v‡Þb| wZwb QvÎRxe‡b QvÎ BDwbq‡bi †gbb MÖæc Ki‡Zb| msMZ Kvi‡YB GB Pxbvcwš’‡`i g‡a¨ K¨v‡Þb b~‡ii cwiwPZ A‡b‡KB wQ‡jb| wZwb kvdvqvZ Rvwg‡ji K‡Vvi nv‡Z Ôwe‡`ªvn `gb c×wZÕi cÖwZev` K‡ib| wKš‘ Zv‡Z †Kv‡bv KvR nqwb| c‡i Z`&wei K‡i wZwb XvKvq e`wj n‡q Av‡mb Ges †mbvevwnbxi Dc-cÖavb †Rbv‡ij wRqvDi ingv‡bi GwWwm wbhy³ nb| miKv‡ii weiæ‡× b~‡ii ZLb †_‡KB cÖPÐ †¶vf Ges we‡Øl|3 wRqvi



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÷vd Awdmv‡ii Kvgiv‡Z cÖvqB Zvi g‡ZvB ÿzä Awdmvi‡`i Avbv‡Mvbv Pj‡Zv|4 GKB iKg `vwqZ¡ w`‡q UvsMvB‡j ÔKv‡`wiqv evwnbxÕi KvQ †_‡K A¯¿ D×vi Kivi Rb¨ kvdvqvZ Rvwgj‡K cvVv‡bv n‡qwQj| K‡b©j kvdvqvZ Rvwgj 46 weª‡MW wb‡q Awfhvb Pvjvb| wKš‘ †kl ch©šÍ miKvi`jxq Pv‡ci gy‡L wZwb †mbvevwnbx‡K gvV †_‡K cÖZ¨vnvi Ki‡Z eva¨ nb|4 G wel‡q gywRe miKvi DrLv‡Zi cÖavb cwiKíbvKvix K‡b©j dviæK e‡jwQ‡jb, ÔGi A_© wQj G iKg †h, Avgv‡`i‡K AbvPvi, `yb©xwZ `~i Ki‡Z n‡e| wKš‘ AvIqvgx jxM †`L‡jB _g‡K `uvov‡Z n‡e| cy‡iv e¨vcviUvB GK `ytLRbK †Q‡j‡Ljvq cwiYZ n‡qwQj|Õ5



c~e© NUbv 3 1973 mv‡ji 6 A‡±vei ïiæ nq Avie-Bmiv‡qj hy×| wgm‡ii †bZ…‡Z¡ 19 w`be¨vcx GB hy‡× Avie we‡k¦i civRq nq| †kL gywRe gymwjg we‡k¦i GB hy‡×i cÖwZ ˆbwZK msnwZ cÖKvk K‡i wgm‡ii †cÖwm‡W›U Av‡bvqvi mvÕ`vZ‡K wegvb f‡i Pv-cvZv cvVvb| G mgq GK we‡kl wPwV‡Z gywRe e‡jwQ‡jb, b¨vqmsMZ GB hy‡× evsjv‡`‡ki mivmwi wKQy Kivi my‡hvM †bB| ZvB hy×iZ ˆmwbK‡`i †`n-gb mRxe ivL‡Z GB Pv-cvZv cvVv‡”Q MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k; giæf~wgi ey‡K hv kw³ †RvMv‡e gymwjg †hv×v‡`i| hy×Kvjxb KwVb mg‡q †kL gywR‡ei GB Dcnv‡ii wdiwZ ï‡f”Qv wn‡m‡e 30wU wU-54 U¨vsK I U¨vs‡Ki 400 †Mvjv evsjv‡`‡k Dcnvi cvVvb Av‡bvqvi mvÕ`vZ, hy×weaŸ¯Í evsjv‡`‡ki †mbvevwnbx‡Z hv wQj we‡kl ms‡hvRb| 1974 mv‡ji RyjvB gv‡m †mB U¨vsKeni evsjv‡`‡k †cuŠQv‡j PÆMÖvg e›`‡i dv÷© †e½j †iwR‡g‡›Ui c¶ †_‡K †m¸‡jv MÖnY K‡ib K‡b©j dviæK ingvb|6 †kL gywRe cÖ_gw`‡K wgm‡ii GB U¨vsK Dcnvi MÖnY Ki‡ZB ivwR wQ‡jb bv| wZwb cÖK…Zc‡¶ GUv wbwðZ Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb, †hb IB mKj U¨vsK †Kv‡bv Kv‡jB AšÍZ Zuvi weiæ‡× †KD e¨envi Ki‡Z bv cv‡i| U¨vs‡Ki mKj †Mvjv Rq‡`ecy‡i AW©&b¨vÝ& wW‡cv‡Z Zvjve× K‡i ivLv n‡qwQj|7 GB U¨vsK¸‡jv‡K DËie‡½i iscy‡i cvVv‡bvi cÖ¯Íve K‡iwQ‡jb gyw³‡hv×v



†mbv Awdmvi gBbyj †nv‡mb †PŠayix| wZwb hyw³ w`‡qwQ‡jb, XvKvq G ai‡bi U¨vsK ivLvi cÖ‡qvRb †bB Ges cÖwkÿY †`qviI my‡hvM-myweav †bB| cvwK¯Ívb Avg‡j wb‡q Avmv cÖ_g U¨vsK¸‡jvI mvwe©K we‡ePbvq iscy‡iB cvVv‡bv n‡qwQj Ges †mLv‡b U¨vsK †iwR‡g›UI wQj| Z‡e gBbyj †nv‡mb †PŠayixi gZvgZ‡K ¸iæZ¡ †`qv nqwb| U¨vsK¸‡jv XvKv †mbvwbev‡mB _v‡K|8



c~e© NUbv 4 `„k¨cU: bvivqYMÄ 1974 mv‡j A¯¿ D×v‡ii `vwqZ¡ †mbvevwnbx‡K †`qv n‡q‡Q| ZLb K‡Y©j dviæK Zvi e¨vUvwjqvb wb‡q bvivqYMÄ A‡j `vwqZ¡¡ cvjb Ki‡Qb| K‡Y©j Zv‡ni ZLb bvivqYMÄ †W«Rv‡ii WvB‡i±vi| Zvui evmvq GK w`b K‡Y©j dviæK GKwU †dv·Iqv‡MY Mvox wb‡q nvwRi| W¨vm‡ev‡W© GKwU PvBbxR wc¯Íj| †mvRvmywR wZwb K‡Y©j Zv‡ni‡K ej‡jb, m¨vi, G wc¯Íj w`‡q Avwg †kL gywRe‡K nZ¨v Ki‡ev| Avcwb Avi K‡Y©j wRqvDwÏb †`k Pvjv‡eb|9 `„k¨cU: gš¿x G GBP Gg Kvgiæ¾vgv‡bi evmv, XvKv 14 AvMó 1975, avbgwÐ wZb b¤^i †iv‡Wi evmvq Wvwjg †kL gywR‡ei gš¿x G GBP Gg Kvgiæ¾vgv‡bi mv‡_ †`Lv Ki‡Z G‡m‡Q| Wvwjg Zv‡K †W‡K‡Q| wZwb evmv †_‡K bv‡gbwb| KviY †gRi Wvwjg Zvi mv‡_ Av‡MI †hvMv‡hvM K‡iwQj Ges cÖ¯ÍveI wb‡qI G‡mwQj| ZvB gš¿x G GBP Gg Kvgiæ¾vgvb Rvb‡Zb †gRi Wvwjg Kx K_v ej‡Z G‡mwQj| ZvB wZwb bv‡gb bvB Ges `iRvI Ly‡jbwb| Wvwjgiv gš¿x G GBP Gg Kvgiæ¾vgvb‡K Rvwb‡qwQj †kL gywRe‡K DrLvZ Kiv n‡e| hw`I Zuv‡K Lyb Kiv n‡e Zv e‡jwb--Z‡e Zv‡K evmv †_‡K wb‡q hv‡e Ges gš¿x G GBP Gg Kvgiæ¾vgvb †nbvi †bZ…‡Z¡ ¶gZv †bqv n‡e| †kL gywR‡ei gš¿xmfvi gš¿x I AvIqvgx jxM †bZv Aa¨vcK BDmyd Avjxi Kv‡Q gš¿x G GBP Gg Kvgiæ¾vgvb †nbv e‡jb †h, †gRi Wvwj‡gi ¶gZv MÖn‡Yi cÖ¯Ív‡e wZwb ivRx nbwb|



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wPÎ-K_b: Avgv‡`i RvwZMZ e¨_©ZvI e‡U! Õ72-Gi AvM÷, nvbv`vi‡`i Kej †_‡K ¯^‡`k gy³ n‡q‡Q AvU gvmI nqwb| RbM‡Yi wcÖq †bZv †`‡k wd‡i G‡m‡Qb mvZ gvm nqwb| hy×Rqx RvwZ ZL‡bv DuPz gvÎvi g‡bve‡ji AwaKvix| wKš‘ hy×weaŸ¯Í †`k Avi Zvi bZzb cwiPvjK‡`i wPšÍv-†PZbv I Kvh©Kjvc RvwZi `„p g‡bve‡ji wfwËg~‡j AvNvZ nvb‡Z ïiæ K‡i‡Q| mgMÖ RvwZi AvKvkPz¤^x cÖZ¨vkv Avi eyKfiv fv‡jvevmv‡K m½x K‡i ivóª cwiPvjbvi `vwq‡Z¡ e‡m‡Qb cÖavbgš¿x †kL gywRe mvZ gvmI nqwb| †`kevmxi ˆbwZK Avi e¯‘MZ cÖZ¨vkv Ges Av‡eMgw_Z fv‡jvevmv ZLb wg‡jwg‡k GKvKvi| Gi †Kv‡bvwU‡KB Qvo‡Z bvivR DuPz gh©v`v‡evam¤úbœ RvwZ| GB iKg mg‡q ¸iæZi Amy¯’ n‡q co‡jb cÖavbgš¿x †kL gywRe| †`‡ki †miv wPwKrmKiv Zuv‡K we‡`‡k wM‡q wPwKrmv †bqvi civgk© w`‡jb| G‡cbwWmvBwUm I MjeøvWv‡i cv_iRwbZ RwUjZvq fzMwQ‡jb gywRe| evsjv‡`k Avi evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li cÖwZ Mfxi mnvbyf~wZm¤úbœ weªwUk miKvi mn‡hvwMZvi nvZ evwo‡q w`‡qwQj| gywRe P‡j †M‡jb weª‡U‡b| mdj A‡¯¿vcPv‡i †ivMgy³ n‡jb| cÖ‡qvRbxq wekÖvg I Av‡ivM¨jv‡fi Rb¨



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ˆmq` dviæK ingvb Ges Zvi cÖavb mn‡hvMx Uz-wdì AvwU©jvwi †iwR‡g‡›Ui KgvwÛs Awdmvi †j. K‡b©j L›`Kvi Avãyi iwk`| GB `yÕRb wQ‡jb wbKUvZ¥xqÑ fvqiv fvB| dviæK wQ‡jb gyw³‡hv×v Awdmvi| AZ¨šÍ w¯úwi‡UW, W¨vwks, cÖej Av‡eMcÖeYÑ †iwR‡g‡›Ui †MŠie I cZvKv mgybœZ ivL‡Z m`v m‡PZb| Zvi mKj kw³i Drm wQ‡jb weª‡MwWqvi †Rbv‡ij Lv‡j` †gvkviid| cvwievwiK m¤ú‡K©I dviæK wQ‡jb Lv‡j‡`i fv‡Mœ| †bc‡_¨ Lv‡j` †gvkviidB me iKg wbivcËv I mn‡hvwMZv w`‡q‡Qb dviæK‡K| dviæK †h wKQy GKUv Ki‡e, Zv Lv‡j` Rvb‡Zb|11 K‡b©j dviæK †mbvevwnbx‡Z gyw³‡hv×v Awdmvi wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ cv‡eb wK-bv †mUv wb‡q we‡kl mfv nq| †hB mg‡qi g‡a¨ hy‡× Ask wb‡j gyw³‡hv×v †mbv Awdmv‡ii ¯^xK…wZ wgj‡Zv, K‡b©j dviæ‡Ki hy‡× †hvM †`qvi mgq Zvi †_‡K K‡qK NÈv Kg wQj| †mB mfvq dviæ‡Ki c¶ mg_©b K‡i weª‡MwWqvi Lv‡j` †gvkviid AZ¨šÍ †Rviv‡jv e³e¨ ivL‡j K‡qK NÈvi NvUwZ _vKv m‡Ë¡I Zv‡K gyw³‡hv×v wn‡m‡e MÖnY Kiv nq| Z‡e Zv‡K `yÕeQi wmwbqwiwU †`qv nqwb| dviæ‡Ki cÖavb mn‡hvMx K‡b©j Ave`yi iwk` wQ‡jb Uz-wdì AvwU©jvwi †iwR‡g‡›Ui KgvwÛs Awdmvi| axi-w¯’i I big my‡i K_vevZ©vi gvbyl| cuPvˇii gvP© gv‡m K‡b©j iwk` fvi‡Z Mvbvwi ÷vd †Kvm©‡k‡l XvKv wdi‡j Zv‡K h‡kv‡i AvwU©jvwi ¯‹z‡j †cvw÷s †`qv nq| †mLvb †_‡K K‡b©j dviæKB Zvi fwel¨r ÔgnvcwiKíbvÕi K_v wPšÍv K‡i Zvi ¸iæ Lv‡j` †gvkviid‡K a‡i iwk‡`i †cvw÷s Kwi‡q †bb XvKvq Uz-wdì AvwU©jvwi †iwR‡g‡›U| gywRe nZ¨vKv‡Ð Ab¨ †h me Av‡jvwPZ Awdmvi, Zviv wQ‡jb D³ `yB BDwb‡Ui evB‡ii| Zv‡`i g‡a¨ wQ‡jb †gRi Wvwjg, b~i, kvnwiqvi, û`v, cvkv, iv‡k` cÖgyL| evwK Rywbqi Awdmviiv wewfbœ BDwb‡Ui wQ‡jb| Avðh© welq n‡”Q, mevB gyw³hy‡× AskMÖnYKvix Awdmvi, †KD †KD Ôwewfbœ Kvi‡Y ewn®‹…Z ev AcmvwiZÕ| K‡b©j dviæK wb‡R Avjv`vfv‡e eû Av‡M †_‡KB wewfbœ mggbv Avwg© Awdmvi Ges K‡qKRb ivR‰bwZK e¨w³ ev e¨w³‡Z¡i m‡½ †Mvcb Av‡jvPbv Pvwj‡q AvmwQ‡jb|12 12 AvM÷ 1975, w`bwU wQj K‡b©j dviæ‡Ki weevnevwl©Kx| IB w`bB cÖ_g dviæK Zvi fvqiv K‡b©j iwk`‡K Zvi †Mvcb cwiKíbvi K_v



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wPÎ-K_b: 1973 mv‡j avbgwÛ 32 b¤^‡i †Zvjv †kL gywR‡ei wZb cyÎ, wZb m‡nv`i †kL Kvgvj I †kL Rvgv‡ji ga¨gwY n‡q e‡m Av‡Q †kL iv‡mj| †kL Rvgvj‡K †mbvevwnbxi Awdmvi wn‡m‡e m¨vÛnv÷© G co‡Z cvVv‡bv n‡qwQ‡jv| 1971 G †kL Rvgvj cwiev‡ii Ab¨ m`m¨‡`i mv‡_ gMevRvi A_ev KvQvKvwQ †Kv‡bv GjvKvi GK d¬¨vU †_‡K cvwK¯Ívb †mbvevwnbx KZ©…K †MÖdZvi n‡qwQ‡j‡b 12 ‡g 1971 Ges avbgwÛi evwo 26, moK 9G (cyi‡bv 18) †Z ew›` Ae¯’vq wQ‡jb| GB evwo †_‡K cvwj‡q wM‡q wZwb gywRe evwnbx‡Z †hvM w`‡q gyw³hy‡× Ask wb‡qwQ‡jb| 19 wW‡m¤^i 1971 †kL Rvgvj evwo‡Z wd‡i Av‡mb| †kL Rvgvj evsjv‡`k †mbvevwnbxi js †Kvm© Gi cª_g e¨v‡Pi KwgkÛ Awdmvi| 1975 mv‡ji 15 AvM÷ hLb wZwb nZ¨vi wkKvi nb ZLb wZwb †mbvevwnbxi K¨v‡Þb| Ab¨w`‡K †kL Kvgvj wQ‡jb ivRbxwZ‡Z mwµq| ivRbxwZ QvovI †Ljvayjvq wQ‡jv †kL Kvgv‡ji `viæY AvMÖn| Avevnbx µxovP‡µi cªwZôvZv wQ‡jb †kL Kvgvj| d‡Uv: msM„nxZ



Acv‡ik‡bi cÖavb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© `vwqZ¡ wQj i¶xevwnbx‡K cÖwZnZ Kiv| †kL gywR‡ei evwo hLb AvµvšÍ n‡e, ZLb cÖej cÖwZ-Avµg‡Yi Avk¼v wQj mvfvi I †k‡ievsjv bM‡i Aew¯’Z K‡qK nvRvi i¶xevwnbx †_‡K| †UvUvj Acv‡ikb KgvÛvi K‡b©j dviæK Zvi U¨vsK evwnbx wb‡q Ôi¶xevwnbxÕ‡K cÖwZnZ Kivi `vwqZ¡ ¯^qs Kuv‡a Zz‡j wb‡jb| 28wU U¨vsK Ges 350 Rb ˆmwbK wb‡q jo‡eb i¶xevwnbxi m‡½|24 28wU U¨vsK w`‡q GK‡Î RgvUeuvav i¶xevwnbxi 3 nvRvi ˆmwb‡Ki GKwU `j‡K A‡K‡Rv K‡i †`qv †Zgb †Kv‡bv KwVb KvR bq| wKš‘ cÖK…Zc‡¶ dviæ‡Ki U¨vsK¸‡jv wQj G‡Kev‡i k~b¨, †Kv‡bv †Mvjveviæ`B wQj bv G‡Z|23 dviæK Rvb‡Zb U¨vsK †`‡L Rxe‡bi f‡q cvjvevi †Póv Ki‡e bvÑ Ggb mvnmx †jvK Lye Kg cvIqv hv‡e| Avi †K-B-ev Zv‡`i AZUv cvMj fve‡e †h, GB †mbviv i¶xevwnbxi †gvKvwejv Kivi Rb¨ GK eni G‡Kev‡i duvKv U¨vsK wb‡q GZ eo fq¼i c‡_ cv evov‡e?26 K‡b©j iwk‡`i Ae¯’vb wQj †Kv_vq? K‡b©j iwk‡`i cÖavb KvR wQj Acv‡ikb-cieZ©x Ae¯’v mvgvj †`qv I mvwe©K ivR‰bwZK mgš^q mvab| wZwb mivmwi †Kv‡bv Uv‡M©U Avµg‡Yi `vwq‡Z¡ wQ‡jb bv| Zvi 18wU Kvgvb Gqvi‡cv‡U©B h_vixwZ †Mvjv fwZ© K‡i hy×ve¯’vq ˆZwi ivLv n‡jv| Kvgvb¸‡jvi e¨v‡ij i¶xevwnbx †nW †KvqvU©vi I cÖavb Uv‡M©U †kL gywR‡ei evwoi w`‡K ZvK Kiv| cÖ‡qvRbg‡Zv KgvÛv‡ii wb‡`©‡k Uv‡M©‡Ui Ici †mB Ae¯’vb †_‡K fvix †Mvjv wb‡¶c Kiv n‡e| 32 b¤^i †ivW Ges i¶xevwnbx †nW‡KvqvU©vi iB‡jv `~icvjøvi Kvgvb¸‡jvi †i‡Äi g‡a¨B|24



Qq AevK e¨vcvi! IB iv‡Z mg¯Í NUbvi cÖ¯ÍwZ PjwQj Avwg© wdì Bb‡Uwj‡RÝ BDwb‡Ui cv‡k, K‡qK kÕ MR `~‡iB| Zviv mevB ZLb e¨viv‡K bvK †W‡K Nygv‡”Qb| K‡b©j dviæK ingvb Zvi U¨vsK evwnbxi 28wU U¨vsK wb‡q Gqvi‡cvU© †ivW a‡i hvÎv ïiæ Ki‡jb| U¨vs‡Ki No No k‡ã mgMÖ K¨v›Ub‡g›U I ebvbx GjvKv cÖKw¤úZ n‡q DV‡jv|27 wZwb 46-Zg weª‡M‡Wi BDwbU jvB‡bi G‡Kev‡i †fZi w`‡q msKxY©



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evBcvm †ivW a‡i kvdv‡qZ Rvwg‡ji c`vwZK weª‡M‡Wi Ae¯’v‡bi Av‡kcv‡ki GjvKv Kvuwc‡q m`‡c© mvg‡b GwM‡q Pj‡jb| GZ¸‡jv U¨vs‡Ki weKU k‡ã KgvÛvi kvdv‡qZ Rvwg‡ji wb`ªvf½ nIqvi K_v! KviY U¨vsK¸‡jv GwM‡q hvw”Qj Zvi evmvi wVK †cQb w`‡qB|27 gv‡V Rgv‡qZ †e½j †iwR‡g‡›Ui ˆmwbKiv c¨v‡iW I †QvUvQywU KiwQj| Zviv AevK we¯§‡q Zv‡`i jvB‡bi G‡Kev‡i †fZi w`‡q U¨vsK¸‡jvi m`c© hvÎv Ae‡jvKb KiwQj| †KD †KD nvZ bvoj wKš‘ †KD eyS‡Z cvij bv wKQy¶‡Yi g‡a¨ Kx fqven NUbv NU‡Z hv‡”Q| dviæK Zvi wjwWs U¨vsK wb‡q K¨v›Ub‡g‡›Ui eo iv¯Ívq G‡m Gqvi‡dvm© †nwjc¨v‡Wi D‡ëv w`‡K GKwU †Lvjv †MU w`‡q AK¯§vr Wvbw`‡K †gvo wb‡q cyivZb Gqvi‡cv‡U© Xz‡K co‡jb| Zv‡K AbymiY KiwQj gvÎ `yÕwU U¨vsK| evwKiv c_ nvwi‡q KgvÛvi‡K †`L‡Z bv †c‡q wKQz¶Y BZ¯ÍZ K‡i †mvRv Gqvi‡cvU© †ivW a‡i dvg©‡M‡Ui w`‡K AMÖmi n‡Z _v‡K|27 KgvÛvi dviæK `ªæZMwZ‡Z hLb cyivZb Gqvi‡cv‡U©i cwðg cÖv‡šÍ DcbxZ nb, ZLb Zv‡K gvÎ GKwU U¨vsK AbymiY Ki‡Q| †mUvI weKj n‡q _g‡K co‡jv| G‡Z dviæK †gv‡UB fxZ n‡jb bv| wZwb Gqvi‡cv‡U©i †`qvj †f‡O Zvi U¨vsK wb‡q i¶xevwnbx †nW‡KvqvU©v‡ii mvg‡b Dcw¯’Z n‡jb| †mLv‡b mvwi †eu‡a K‡qK kÕ i¶xevwnbx ˆmb¨ A‡¯¿k‡¯¿ mw¾Z n‡q cÖ¯‘wZ MÖnY KiwQj| GKwU U¨vs‡Ki hy×s‡`nx Dcw¯’wZ †`‡L Zviv †ek Nve‡o †Mj|27 K‡b©j dviæK Zvi U¨vsK PvjK‡K wb‡`©k w`‡jbÑ ax‡i ax‡i mvg‡b w`‡q Pj‡Z _v‡Kv| Iiv AvµgY Ki‡j †mvRv U¨vsK I‡`i Ici Zz‡j ¸uwo‡q †`‡e| GQvov Zv‡`i Avi wKQz Kievi wQj bv, KviY U¨vs‡K Kvgv‡bi †Mvjv wQj bv| Zviv Amnvq, wKš‘ Nve‡o hvqwb| Zviv †`L‡jv i¶x‡`i Zid †_‡K †Kv‡bv AvµgYvZ¥K wi-A¨vK&kb †bB| Zviv fq †c‡q †M‡Q|28 Gw`‡K K‡b©j dviæ‡Ki cwiKíbv Abyhvqx AvµgYKvixiv wZbwU MÖæ‡c wef³ n‡q †fvi cuvPUvi g‡a¨B wZbwU Uv‡M©U †NivI K‡i †d‡j‡Q|29



mvZ 12wU UªvK ev eo jwi I K‡qKwU wR‡c K‡i AvµgYKvix j¨vÝvi I AvwU©jvwii cÖvq 500 Rb mk¯¿ ˆmwbK avbgwÛ I Av‡kcv‡ki GjvKv †Q‡q †d‡j‡Q| cÖavb Uv‡M©U 32 b¤^i †iv‡W †kL gywR‡ei evwo †gRi gwnDwÏb, †gRi û`v, †gRi cvkv, †gRi b~‡ii †bZ…‡Z¡ AvDUvi I Bbvi `yÕwU e„‡Ë †NivI K‡i †djv n‡q‡Q| K‡b©j iwk‡`i wb‡`©‡k GKwU Kvgvb G‡b †kL gywR‡ei evwoi wecix‡Z gvÎ 100 MR `~‡i †j‡Ki Icv‡i ¯’vcb Kiv n‡jv| evwo AvµgYKvix j¨vÝv‡ii ˆmb¨iv 5wU Uªv‡K K‡i G‡m G‡Kev‡i evwoi cÖavb †M‡Ui Kv‡Q mk‡ã bvg‡Z ïiæ Ki‡jv| †M‡U XzK‡Z †M‡j AvwU©jvwii cÖniviZ ˆmwbKiv Zv‡`i evav w`‡q em‡jv| G wb‡q IB mgq wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ DËß ev`vbyev` ïiæ n‡q hvq|29 †fvi †mvqv 5Uv| AvµvšÍ n‡q‡Q avbgwÛ GjvKvq wewfbœ Uv‡M©U-c‡q›U| Pvwiw`‡K QyU‡Q ey‡jU| †Mvjv¸wji k‡ã mgMÖ GjvKv cÖKw¤úZ| AvµvšÍ n‡q‡Q †kL gwY I †miwbqvev‡Zi evmfeb| †gRi Wvwjg I wimvj`vi †gvm‡jgDwχbi †bZ…‡Z¡ cÖvq GKB mg‡q `yÕwU evmfeb AvµvšÍ n‡q‡Q| Z‡e g~j Uv‡M©U †kL gywR‡ei 32 b¤^i †iv‡Wi evwo‡Z AvµgY ïiæ Ki‡Z wKQyUv wej¤^ NUwQj| U¨vK&wUK¨vj cø¨vb Abyhvqx ˆmb¨‡`i cwRkb Ki‡Z Ges Kvgvb, †gwkbMvb ¯’vcb Ki‡Z mgq jvMwQj| AvµgYKvix‡`i wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ K_v KvUvKvwU I weåvwšÍi Rb¨I wKQzUv mgq bó nq|30 AvbygvwbK mv‡o 5Uvi w`‡K ivóªcwZi evwo‡Z AvµgY ïiæ n‡q hvq| evwo AvµvšÍ n‡q‡Q †`‡L KZ©e¨iZ cywjkI cvëv ¸wj Pvjv‡Z _v‡K| IB mgq Qv‡`i Dci †_‡KI ¸wji cÖZz¨Ëi †`qv nq| Dfq c‡¶ Zzgyj †Mvjv¸wj‡Z gyn~‡Z©B cy‡iv GjvKv cwiYZ nq iY‡¶‡Î| G iKg †Mvjv¸wji g‡a¨ †kL gywRe Amg mvn‡m mkix‡i wb‡P †b‡g Av‡mb Ges KZ©e¨iZ cywj‡ki m‡½ K_v ej‡Z _v‡Kb| wZwb a‡i †bb, G¸‡jv Rvm` ev Ôme©nvivÕ `‡ji †Pviv AvµgY| wWDwUiZ cywjk Awdmvi byiæj Bmjv‡gi fvl¨ Abyhvqx, †kL gywRe g‡b K‡iwQ‡jb Gevi nq‡Zv Zvi mvnvh¨v‡_© Avwg©i †jvKRb G‡m †M‡Q| ZvB wZwb Ô†mg mvBWÕ n‡q hv‡e g‡b K‡i cywjk‡K dvqvwis eÜ Ki‡Z e‡jb| Gici wZwb Dc‡i P‡j hvb| G‡Z AvµgYKvix ˆmb¨iv webv evavq evwo‡Z †XvKvi mnR my‡hvM †c‡q hvq|



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K‡i e‡j, Ôbv fvBqv, gvi‡e bv|Õ31 wkï iv‡mj gv‡qi Kv‡Q hvIqvi Rb¨ Kuv`‡Z _v‡K| wb‡P wb‡q NvZKiv iv‡mj‡K cÖ_‡g ewm‡q †i‡LwQj †M‡Ui cv‡k cvnviv`v‡ii †PŠwK‡Z| Zv‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡e wK-bv m¤¢eZ †m wm×všÍ Zviv ZL‡bv wb‡Z cv‡iwb| Iw`‡K gv‡qi Kv‡Q hv‡e e‡j iv‡mj ZLb Kuv`wQj| cvkv GKRb nvwej`vi‡K ZLb ûKzg †`b iv‡mj‡K Zvi gv‡qi Kv‡Q wb‡q †h‡Z| †mB nvwej`vi †`vZjvq wb‡q wM‡q G‡Kev‡i Kv‡Q †_‡K ¸wj K‡i| Zvi gv_vi GKUv Ask D‡o wM‡qwQj| Ava NÈvi Ici evmvi Ic‡i-wb‡P †_‡g †_‡g wew¶ß †Mvjv¸wj Pj‡Z _v‡K| eû LvwK I Kv‡jv †cvkvKavix ˆmb¨ evwo‡Z Xz‡K c‡o| Zviv wQj AvwU©jvwi I Avg©vW© †Kv‡ii ˆmwbK| Zviv hvi hvi g‡Zv hÎZÎ ¸wj Pvjv‡Z _v‡K|34 32 b¤^i †iv‡Wi gg©vwšÍK nZ¨vKv‡Ð evwoi Dc‡ii Zjvq wbnZ nb †kL Rvgvj I †eMg gywRemn 5 Rb| wmuwo‡Z ivóªcwZ gywRe| wbPZjvq †kL bv‡mi, †kL Kvgvj I R‰bK cywjk B݇c±i| G‡`i mevB‡K mivmwi ¸wj K‡i nZ¨v Kivi †cQ‡b †gRi b~i, †gRi û`v, †gRi cvkv Ges wimvj`vi †gvm‡jgDÏxb cÖZ¨¶fv‡e Ask †bb| K‡b©j Rvwgj‡K ¸wj Kiv nq evwoi evB‡i| RIqvbiv nZ¨vKv‡Ð we‡kl AvMÖnx wQj bv|34 GB cwiw¯’wZi g‡a¨ †kL gywR‡ei evwo j¶¨ K‡i †gRi gwnDwÏb (AvwU©jvwi) gvÎ 100 MR `~i †_‡K Kvgv‡bi †Mvjv wb‡¶c K‡ib| †Mvjv †j‡Ki cv‡o G‡m mk‡ã AvNvZ K‡i| Kvgv‡bi †Mvjvi k‡ã mg¯Í GjvKv †Ku‡c I‡V| wØZxq †Mvjv e¨v‡ij GKUz DuPz K‡i †Quvov n‡jv| Gevi Kvgv‡bi †Mvjv mk‡ã IB evwoi Qv‡`i Dci w`‡q Qy‡U wM‡q †gvnv¤§`cy‡i cwZZ nq|35 Awfhvb mgvß n‡jv| ivóªcwZ †kL gywReyi ingvb gviv co‡jb| wmuwo‡Z c‡o iB‡jv Zuvi i³v³ g„Z‡`n| Awfhv‡b gviv co‡jb Zvui cwiev‡ii Dcw¯’Z †QvU-eo mKj m`m¨| ïay cwiev‡ii `yÕRb m`m¨ †`‡ki evB‡i _vKvq †mŠfvM¨µ‡g cÖv‡Y †eu‡P †M‡jb| Zv‡`i GKRb †kL nvwmbv Ab¨Rb †kL †invbv|35 i¶xevwnbxi 40/50 Rb ˆmwbK wQj IB evwoi wbivcËvi `vwq‡Z¡ Ges †Kv‡bv iKg Ôwec‡`i SzuwKÕ bv wb‡q Zviv cÖ_g my‡hv‡MB AvZ¥mgc©Y K‡i| Zv‡`i wbi¯¿ K‡i ILv‡bB gvwU‡Z ïB‡q ivLv nq|35 486 487



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bq mKvj 6Uv, Ô†iwWI evsjv‡`kÕ †_‡K B_v‡i †f‡m G‡jv †gRi Wvwj‡gi eRªK‡Éi †NvlYvÑ Ôˆ¯^ivPvix †kL gywRe‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡QÕ| nZf¤^ evsjv‡`k! G †hb webv †g‡N eRªcvZ!29 1975-Gi 21 RyjvB XvKvq Av‡qvwRZ GK mfvq †kL gywRe ÔevKkv‡jÕi g‡bvbxZ †Rjv Mfb©i‡`i D‡Ï‡k e³e¨ †i‡LwQ‡jb| wZwb Zv‡`i D‡Ï‡k mZK©evYx D”PviY K‡i e‡jwQ‡jb, ÔAvR evKkvj m`m¨‡`i mZK© _vKvi KviY GB †h, evsjv‡`‡ki RbMY Lye †ewk cÖwZwµqvcÖeY| Zviv †Zvgv‡`i‡K wbwðý K‡i †dj‡e; GB K_v †Zvgv‡`i g‡b ivLv fv‡jv| †Zvgiv Rxebfi wb‡ew`ZcÖvY KvR K‡i hv‡e; hw` †Zvgiv GKUv fyj Ki, Zvn‡j †Zvgiv evsjv‡`‡ki gvwU †_‡K wbt‡kl n‡q hv‡e| GBUv evsjv‡`‡ki AvBb|Õ `yf©vM¨µ‡g †kL gywRe wb‡RB Zvui mZK©evYx‡Z KY©cvZ Ki‡jb bv|38 Zuvi gnvKvwe¨K ivR‰bwZK Rxe‡bi i³v³, wbg©g Avi fq¼i cwimgvwß NU‡jv| ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki i³¯œvZ R‡b¥i m‡½ †hB bvgwU Awe‡”Q`¨fv‡e D”PvwiZ, evOvwji AvaywbK BwZnv‡mi †mB gnvbvqK ¯^vaxbZvi gvÎ Pvi eQ‡ii Kg mg‡qB RbM‡Yi AvKv•ÿv †_‡K `~‡i m‡i wM‡q ÔcÖej ˆ¯^ivPvwiÕ n‡q D‡VwQ‡jb| †mB †kL gywRe, huv‡K Zuvi †`‡ki gvbyl fv‡jv‡e‡m Ôe½eÜzÕ bv‡g WvK‡Zb, GK A™¢yZ welv`gq cÖZz¨‡l Zuvi wb‡Ri evwo‡Z cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i m‡½ ey‡jUwe× n‡q i‡³i mvM‡i Wz‡e iB‡jb| †mB i‡³i mvMi gš’b K‡i BwZnvm Zuv‡K Avevi Kxfv‡e D×vi, wePvi-we‡kølY Ges cÖwZôv Ki‡e †m `vq †Kej BwZnv‡miÑ †Kv‡bv Av‡ivwcZ e¨e¯’v †m `vq en‡b Aÿg, †m `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi A‡hvM¨|



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m~Î: 1. hv †`‡LwQ hv ey‡SwQ hv K‡iwQ; ivóª`~Z †gRi (Ae.) kwidzj nK Wvwjg exiDËg, beRvMiY cÖKvkbx, †m‡Þ¤^i 2001, c„ôv: 427-435 2. wZbwU †mbv Afz¨Ìvb I wKQy bv ejv K_v; †j. K‡b©j (Ae.) Gg G nvwg` wcGmwm, nvIjv`vi cÖKvkbx, 2013, c„ôv: 16 3. Rvm‡`i DÌvb cZb : Aw¯’i mg‡qi ivRbxwZ; gwnDwÏb Avng`, cÖ_gv cÖKvkb, 2014, c„ôv: 81 4. wZbwU †mbv Afz¨Ìvb I wKQz bv ejv K_v; †j. K‡b©j (Ae.) Gg G nvwg`, wcGmwm, nvIjv`vi cÖKvkbx, 2013, c„ôv: 20 5. evsjv‡`k : i‡³i FY; A¨vš’bx g¨vmKvb©nvm, Abyev`: †gvnv¤§` kvnRvnvb, nv°vbx cvewjkvm©, 1988, c„ôv: 53 6. evsjv‡`k : A¨v wjM¨vwm Ae eøvW; A¨vš’wb g¨v¯‹vb©nvm, meyRcvZv, 2018, c„ôv: 83 7. evsjv‡`k : i‡³i FY; A¨vš’bx g¨vmKvb©nvm; Abyev`: †gvnv¤§` kvnRvnvb, nv°vbx cvewjkvm©, 1988, c„ôv: 84 8. GK †Rbv‡i‡ji bxie mvÿ¨ : ¯^vaxbZvi cÖ_g `kK; †gRi †Rbv‡ij (Ae.) gBbyj †nv‡mb †PŠayix exiweµg, gvIjv eªv`vm©, GwcÖj 2014, c„ôv: 59 9. Iqv‡iQvZ †nv‡mb †ejvj, exicÖZxK, ¯§„wZPviY Dcj‡¶ e‡jbt AvR‡Ki KvMR, XvKv, 15 Rvbyqvix 1992 10. d¨v±m GÛ WKz‡g›Um e½eÜy nZ¨vKvÐ; Aa¨vcK Avey mvBwq`; Pviæwjwc cÖKvkb; 2015; c„ôv: 286-288 11. wZbwU †mbv Afz¨Ìvb I wKQz bv ejv K_v; †j. K‡b©j (Ae.) Gg G nvwg` wcGmwm, nvIjv`vi cÖKvkbx, 2013, c„ôv: 23 12. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 24-25 13. evsjv‡`k : i‡³i FY; A¨vš’bx g¨vmKvb©nvm, Abyev`: †gvnv¤§` kvnRvnvb, nv°vbx cvewjkvm©, 1988, c„ôv: 55-56 14. wZbwU †mbv Afz¨Ìvb I wKQy bv ejv K_v; †j. K‡b©j (Ae.) Gg G nvwg` wcGmwm, nvIjv`vi cÖKvkbx, 2013, c„ôv: 27 15. evsjv‡`k : i‡³i FY; A¨vš’bx g¨vmKvb©nvm, Abyev`: †gvnv¤§` kvnRvnvb, nv°vbx cvewjkvm©, 1988, c„ôv: 59-60 16. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 79-80 17. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 57 18. wZbwU †mbv Afz¨Ìvb I wKQy bv ejv K_v; †j. K‡b©j (Ae.) Gg G nvwg` wcGmwm, nvIjv`vi cÖKvkbx, 2013, c„ôv: 26 19. Avng` Qdv; LÐ: 7, c„ôv: 141 20. wZbwU †mbv Afz¨Ìvb I wKQy bv ejv K_v; †j. K‡b©j (Ae.) Gg G nvwg` wcGmwm, nvIjv`vi cÖKvkbx, 2013, c„ôv: 27-28 21. wbe©vwPZ ivR‰bwZK cÖeÜ; Avng` Qdv, m¤úv`bv: b~iæj Av‡bvqvi, Lvb eªv`vm©, †deªæqvwi 2011, c„ôv: 499-522 22. e½eÜz cwievi I XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq; W. †kL Ave`ym mvjvg, evsjv‡`k cÖwZw`b, 18 †m‡Þ¤^i 2016 23. wZbwU †mbv Afz¨Ìvb I wKQz bv ejv K_v; †j. K‡b©j (Ae.) Gg G nvwg` wcGmwm, nvIjv`vi cÖKvkbx, 2013, c„ôv: 29 24. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 30



25. evsjv‡`k : i‡³i FY; A¨vš’bx g¨vmKvb©nvm, Abyev`: †gvnv¤§` kvnRvnvb, nv°vbx cvewjkvm©, 1988, c„ôv: 83 26. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 84 27. wZbwU †mbv Afz¨Ìvb I wKQz bv ejv K_v; †j. K‡b©j (Ae.) Gg G nvwg` wcGmwm, nvIjv`vi cÖKvkbx, 2013, c„ôv: 31 28. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 32 29. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 34 30. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 32-33 31. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 35 32. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 37 33. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 42 34. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 35-36 35. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 43 36. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 45 37. cÖv¸³; c„ôv: 46 38. evsjv‡`k : i‡³i FY; A¨vš’bx g¨vmKvb©nvm; Abyev`: †gvnv¤§` kvnRvnvb, nv°vbx cvewjkvm©, 1988, c„ôv: 65 39. mvnvb Avivi †Pv‡L GLbI fv‡m fqvj iv‡Zi ¯§„wZ; ˆ`wbK mgKvj; cyjK P¨vUvwR©, ewikvj ey¨‡iv, 15 AvM÷, 2017



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