Tenses [PDF]

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TENSES Tenses merupakan materi yang sangat penting dalam pelajaran bahasa Inggris. Semua kalimat/ujaran/teks baik lisan maupun tertulis pasti harus menggunakan aturan tenses. Sulitnya bagi pelajar Indonesia adalah bahwa hal ini tidak ada dalam peraturan tata bahasa Indonesia. Jadi akan sulit untuk mencari perbandingannya dalam bahasa Indonesia. Tenses adalah perubahan bentuk kata kerja dalam bahasa Inggris berdasarkan waktu terjadinya. Sesuai dengan definisi tersebut maka ada 2 hal pokok yang harus diperhatikan : 1. Kesesuaian bentuk kata kerja. 2. Kesesuaian keterangan waktu. Untuk siswa SMP, materi tenses yang harus dikuasai adalah : I. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE 1. Pengertian : Kalimat Bahasa Inggris yang digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa / kejadian yang berlangsung : a. berulang – ulang b. sekarang c. selamanya / kebenaran umum 2. Pola Kalimat : 2.1. Menggunakan verb/kt. kerja/kk a. Positive Sentence : Subject + Kata kerja I + O + K  kk I ada 2 : 1. kk I - + 2. kk I + s / es b. Interrogative Sentence : do / does + subject + kk I - + + O + K + ? c. Negative Sentence : subject + do not / does not + kk I - + + O + K 2.2. Menggunakan “to be”. a. Positive Sentence : Subject + “to be I” + complement/pelengkap “to be I” ada 3 : am, are, dan is b. Interrogative Sentence : “to be I” + subject + complement/pelengkap + ? c. Negative Sentence : subject + “to be I” + not + complement/pelengkap 3. Keterangan Waktu : today, everyday, every morning, every night, every Sunday, every week, every month, every year, always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, once a week, three times a day, twice a month dll. 4. Contoh Kalimat : 4.1. Menggunakan verb/kt. kerja/kk a. Positive Sentence : 1. I eat bananas everyday. 2. You eat bananas everyday. 3. He eats bananas everyday. 4. She eats bananas everyday. 5. It eats bananas everyday. 6. We eat bananas everyday. 7. They eat bananas everyday.



b. Interrogative Sentence : 1. Do I eat bananas everyday? 2. Do you eat bananas everyday? 3. Does he eat bananas everyday? 4. Does she eat bananas everyday? 5. Does it eat bananas everyday? 6. Do we eat bananas everyday? 7. Do they eat bananas everyday?



c. Negative Sentence : 1. I do not (don’t) eat bananas everyday 2. You do not eat bananas everyday 3. He does not (doesn’t) eat bananas everyday 4. She does not eat bananas everyday 5. It does not eat bananas everyday 6. We do not eat bananas everyday 7. They do not eat bananas everyday 4.2. Menggunakan “to be”. a. Positive Sentence : 1. I am at home. 2. You are at home. 3. He is at home. 4. She is at home. 5. It is at home. 6. We are at home. 7. They are at home.



b. Interrogative Sentence : 1. Am I at home? 2. Are you at home? 3. Is he at home? 4. Is she at home? 5. Is it at home? 6. Are we at home? 7. Are they at home?



2 b. Negative sentence : 1. I am not at home. 2. You are not at home. 3. He is not at home. 4. She is not at home. 5. It is not at home 6. We are no at home 7. They are not at home II. SIMPLE PAST TENSE 1. Pengertian : Kalimat Bahasa Inggris yang digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa / kejadian yang berlangsung di waktu lampau 2. Pola kalimat a.. Positive Sentence : Subject + kk II + O + K  kk II ada 2 : 1. Regular Verb / teratur (kk I + d / ed) 2. Irregular Verb / tidak teratur b. Interrogative Sentence : did + subject + kk I - + + O + K + ? a. Negative Sentence : Subject + did not / didn’t + kk I - + + O + K 3. Keterangan Waktu : this morning, just now, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last night, last Sunday, last week, last month, last year, two days ago, a week ago, five months ago, ten years ago, a long time ago dll. 4. Contoh Kalimat : a. Positive Sentence : 1. I ate bananas yesterday. 2. You ate bananas yesterday. 3. He ate bananas yesterday. 4. She ate bananas yesterday. 5. It ate bananas yesterday. 6. We ate bananas yesterday. 7. They ate bananas yesterday. c. Negative Sentence : 1. I did not (didn’t) eat bananas yesterday. 2. You didn’t eat bananas yesterday. 3. He didn’t eat bananas yesterday. 4. She didn’t eat bananas yesterday. 5. It didn’t eat bananas yesterday. 6. We didn’t eat bananas yesterday. 7. They didn’t eat bananas yesterday.



b. Interrogative Sentence : 1. Did I eat bananas yesterday? 2. Did you eat bananas yesterday? 3. Did he eat bananas yesterday? 4. Did she eat bananas yesterday? 5. Did it eat bananas yesterday? 6. Did we eat bananas yesterday? 7. Did they eat bananas yesterday?



III. FUTURE TENSE 1. Pengertian : Kalimat Bahasa Inggris yang digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa / kejadian yang berlangsung di waktu yang akan datang. 2. Pola kalimat a. Positive Sentence : Subject + will + kk I - + + O + K  will dapat disingkat ‘ll : mis : I’ll, you’ll, he’ll, she’ll, it’ll, we’ll, they’ll b. Interrogative Sentence : Will + subject + kk I - + + O + K + ? c. Negative Sentence : subject + will not + kk I - + + O + K  will not dapat disingkat : won’t 3. Keterangan waktu : soon, tonight, tomorrow, tomorrow morning, tomorrow night, the day after tomorrow, next Sunday, next week, next month, next year, in the future dll. 4. Contoh Kalimat : a. Positive Sentence : 1. I will eat bananas tomorrow. 2. You will eat bananas tomorrow. 3. He will eat bananas tomorrow. 4. She will eat bananas tomorrow. 5. It will eat bananas tomorrow. 6. We will eat bananas tomorrow.



b. Interrogative Sentence 1. Will I eat bananas tomorrow? 2. Will you eat bananas tomorrow? 3. Will he eat bananas tomorrow? 4. Will she eat bananas tomorrow? 5. Will it eat bananas tomorrow? 6. Will we eat bananas tomorrow?



3 7. They will eat bananas tomorrow.



7. Will they eat bananas tomorrow?



c. Negative Sentence : 1. I will not (won’t) eat bananas tomorrow. 2. You won’t eat bananas tomorrow 3. He won’t eat bananas tomorrow 4. She won’t eat bananas tomorrow 5. It won’t eat bananas tomorrow 6. We won’t eat bananas tomorrow 7. They won’t eat bananas tomorrow  Pola lain dari Present Future Tense : a. Positive Sentence : Subject + to be + going to + kk I - + + O + K b. Interrogative Sentence : To be + subject + going to + kk I - + + O + K + ? c. Negative Sentence : subject + to be + not + going to + kk I - + + O + K Contoh Kalimat : a. Positive Sentence : 1. I am going to eat bananas tomorrow. 2. You are going to eat bananas tomorrow. 3. He is going to eat bananas tomorrow. 4. She is going to eat bananas tomorrow. 5. It is going to eat bananas tomorrow. 6. We are going to eat bananas tomorrow. 7. They are going to eat bananas tomorrow.



c. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.



Interrogative Sentence Am I going to eat bananas tomorrow? Are you going to eat bananas tomorrow? Is he going to eat bananas tomorrow? Is she going to eat bananas tomorrow? Is it going to eat bananas tomorrow? Are we going to eat bananas tomorrow? Are they going to eat bananas tomorrow?



b. Negative Sentence : 1. I will not (won’t) eat bananas tomorrow. 2. You won’t eat bananas tomorrow 3. He won’t eat bananas tomorrow 4. She won’t eat bananas tomorrow 5. It won’t eat bananas tomorrow 6. We won’t eat bananas tomorrow 7. They won’t eat bananas tomorrow IV. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE 1. Pengertian : Kalimat Bahasa Inggris yang digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa / kejadian yang sedang berlangsung di waktu sekarang. 2. Pola kalimat a. Positive Sentence : Subject + to be I + kk ing + O + K b. Interrogative Sentence : to be I + subject + kk ing + O + K + ? c. Negative Sentence : subject + to be I + not + kk ing + O + K 3. Keterangan waktu : now, at the present moment. 4. Contoh Kalimat : a. Positive Sentence : 1. I am eating bananas now. 2. You are eating bananas now. 3. He is eating bananas now. 4. She is eating bananas now. 5. It is eating bananas now. 6. We are eating bananas now. 7. They are eating bananas now. c. Negative Sentence : 1. I am not eating bananas now. 2. You aren’t eating bananas now. 3. He isn’t eating bananas now 4. She isn’t eating bananas now



b. Interrogative Sentence 1. Am I eating bananas now? 2. Are you eating bananas now? 3. Is he eating bananas now? 4. Is she eating bananas now? 5. Is it eating bananas now? 6. Are we eating bananas now? 7. Are they eating bananas now?



4 5. It isn’t eating bananas now 6. We aren’t eating bananas now 7. They aren’t eating bananas now V. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE 1. Pengertian : Kalimat Bahasa Inggris yang digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa / kejadian yang telah selesai dilakukan. 2. Pola kalimat a. Positive Sentence : Subject + have/has + kk III + O + K b. Interrogative Sentence : have/has + subject + kk III + O + K + ? c. Negative Sentence : subject + have/has + not + kk III + O + K 3. Keterangan waktu : already, just, ever, never, yet, for …., since …. dll. 4. Contoh Kalimat : a. Positive Sentence : 1. I have already eaten bananas . 2. You have already eaten bananas . 3. He has already eaten bananas . 4. She has already eaten bananas . 5. It has already eaten bananas . 6. We have already eaten bananas . 7. They have already eaten bananas .



b. Interrogative Sentence 1. Have I already eaten bananas? 2. Have you already eaten bananas? 3. Has he already eaten bananas? 4. Has she already eaten bananas? 5. Has it already eaten bananas? 6. Have we already eaten bananas? 7. Have they already eaten bananas?



c. Negative Sentence : 1. I haven’t eaten bananas yet. 2. You haven’t eaten bananas yet . 3. He hasn’t eaten bananas yet 4. She hasn’t eaten bananas yet 5. It hasn’t eaten bananas yet 6. We haven’t eaten bananas yet 7. They haven’t eaten bananas yet VI. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE 1. Pengertian : Kalimat Bahasa Inggris yang digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa / kejadian yang telah berlangsung di waktu lampau tetapi belum selesai. 2. Pola kalimat a. Positive Sentence : Subject + have/has + been + kk ing + O + K b. Interrogative Sentence : have/has + subject + been + kk ing + O + K + ? c. Negative Sentence : subject + have/has + not + been + kk ing + O + K 3. Keterangan waktu : for …., since …. dll. 4. Contoh Kalimat : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.



a. Positive Sentence : I have been eating bananas for 15 minutes You have been eating bananas for 15 minutes. He has been eating bananas for 15 minutes. She has been eating bananas for 15 minutes. It has been eating bananas for 15 minutes. We have been eating bananas for 15 minutes. They have been eating bananas for 15 minutes.



b. Interrogative Sentence 1. Have I been eating bananas for 15 minutes? 2. Have you been eating bananas for 15 minutes? 3. Has he been eating bananas for 15 minutes? 4. Has she been eating bananas for 15 minutes? 5. Has it been eating bananas for 15 minutes? 6. Have we been eating bananas for 15 minutes? 7. Have they been eating bananas for 15 minutes?



c. Negative Sentence : 1. I haven’t been eating bananas for 15 minutes. 2. You haven’t been eating bananas for 15 minutes. 3. He hasn’t been eating bananas for 15 minutes. 4. She hasn’t been eating bananas for 15 minutes. 5. It hasn’t been eating bananas for 15 minutes. 6. We haven’t been eating bananas for 15 minutes. 7. They haven’t been eating bananas for 15 minutes.



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VII. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE 1. Pengertian : Kalimat Bahasa Inggris yang digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa / kejadian yang sedang berlangsung di waktu tertentu di masa lampau (biasanya dikombinasikan dengan Simple Past Tense). 2. Pola kalimat a. Positive Sentence : Subject + to be II + kk ing + O + K b. Interrogative Sentence : to be II + subject + kk ing + O + K + ? c. Negative Sentence : subject + to be II + not + kk ing + O + K 3. Keterangan waktu : *Past Continuous Tense sering menggunakan keterangan waktu Simple Past Tense, dengan pola : Past Continuous Tense + when + Simple Past Tense *Past Continuous Tense juga bisa digunakan sebagai keterangan waktu dari Simple Past Tense Dengan pola : Simple Past Tense + While + Past Continuous Tense 4. Contoh Kalimat : a. Positive Sentence : 1. I was eating bananas when Rina came. 2. You were eating bananas when Rina came. 3. He was eating bananas when Rina came 4. She was eating bananas when Rina came. 5. It was eating bananas when Rina came. 6. We were eating bananas when Rina came. 7. They were eating bananas when Rina came. c. Negative Sentence : 1. I was not eating bananas when Rina came . 2. You weren’t eating bananas when Rina came. 3. He wasn’t eating bananas when Rina came 4. She wasn’t eating bananas when Rina came 5. It wasn’t eating bananas when Rina came 6. We weren’t eating bananas when Rina came 7. They weren’t eating bananas when Rina came



b. Interrogative Sentence 1. Was I eating bananas when Rina came? 2. Were you eating bananas when Rina came? 3. Was he eating bananas when Rina came? 4. Was she eating bananas when Rina came? 5. Was it eating bananas when Rina came? 6. Were we eating bananas when Rina came? 7. Were they eating bananas when Rina came?



Contoh Past Continuous Tense sebagai keterangan waktu : 1. Rina came to my house while I was going out. 2. It rained while Agus was sleeping. 3. The earthquake happened when the family was watching TV. VIII. PAST PERFECT TENSE 1.



Penggunaan : Kalimat bahasa Inggris yang digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa/kejadian yang berlangsung/terjadi di waktu lampau dan biasanya terjadi lebih dahulu daripada peristiwa/kejadian lain (biasanya dikombinasikan dengan Simple Past Tense).



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Pola Kalimat a. Positive Sentence : Subject + had + kkIII + O + K. b. Interrogative Sentence : had + Subject + kkIII + O + K + ? c. Negative Sentence : Subject + had + not + kkIII + O + K



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Keterangan Waktu :  Past Perfect Tense sering menggunakan keterangan waktu Simple Past Tense, dengan pola : Past Perfect Tense + before + Simple Past Tense  Past Perfect Tense juga bisa digunakan sebagai keterangan waktu dari Simple Past Tense dengan pola : Simple Past Tense + after + Past Perfect Tense



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Contoh Kalimat : a. Positive Sentence : 1. I had eaten bananas before Rina came. 2. Rina came after I had eaten bananas. b. Interrogative Sentence : 1. Had you eaten bananas before Rina came? 2. Did Rina come after you had eaten bananas?



c. Negative Sentence : 1. I had not eaten bananas before Rina came. 2. Rina didn’t come after you had eaten bananas



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