Time-Saver Standards For Building Types 3rd Edition [PDF]

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Digitized by the Internet Archive in



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https://archive.org/details/timesaverstandar00dech_0



BURLINGAME PUBLIC LIBRARY 4C0 PRIMROSE ROAD BURLINGAME. CA 94010



For Reference Not



to be taken from this



room



WITHDRAWN FROM SURLINGAMh PUBLIC LiBRARV



Time-Saver



Standards for



Building Types



Other McGraw-Hill Books of Interest



Binder



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Breyer



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Design of



Wood



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Callender Colley



Time-Saver Standards



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of Site



for Architectural



Design Data



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De Chiara Handbook of Architectural Details for Commercial Buildings De Chiara Time-Saver Standards for Residential Development De Chiara and Koppehnan Time-Saver Standards for Site Planning •



•



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Ehrenkrantz



Halse



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Architectural Systems



and George



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and Dines



Izenour



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Architectural Rendering



•



Time-Saver Standards for Landscape Architecture



Theater Technology



•



Photographic Perspective Drawing Techniques



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Merritt



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Dictionary of Architecture and Construction



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Building Design



Nolon and Dickinson Simonds



and Systems Handbook



Standard Handbook for



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other



for Architecture



and Engineering



Time-Saver



Standards for



Building Types Third Edition



Edited by



JOSEPH De CHIARA and



JOHN HANCOCK CALLENDER



McGraw-Hill, Inc.



New York Caracas



Montreal



St.



Louis



Lisbon



New



Sydney Tokyo



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London Madrid Mexico Milan



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Paris



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—



Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication



De



Data



Chiara, Joseph, date



Time-saver standards for building types / edited by Joseph



De Chiara and John Hancock



Callender.



— 3rd



ed.



cm.



p.



ISBN 0-07-016279-4 1.



Modular coordination



Standards.



I.



NA2760.D42 729'



Copyright



(Architecture)



Callender, John Hancock.



2.



Building materials



II.



Title.



1990



.2— dc20



©



89-39819



1990, 1980, 1973 by McGraw-Hill.



Inc.



All rights



reserved. Printed



in



the United



States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part



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data base or



34567890



or distributed in



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W



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For more information about other McGraw-Hill materials, call



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United States.



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In



office.



other



a



Contents Contributors



xiii



Organizations



XV



Preface to the Third Edition



xvii



RESIDENTIAL



i



Dimensions of the Human Figure



5



Living Areas



6



Living



Rooms



7



Furniture



7



Furniture Sizes



8



Furniture Arrangements Furniture Sizes and Clearances



9



16



Dining Areas



17



Combined Living-Dining Spaces



27



Combined Dining Area-Kitchen



28



Bedrooms



29



Combined Living-Sleeping Areas



41



Home



43



Office or Study



44



Kitchens



Adaptable



53



Laundry Rooms



62



Bathrooms



69



Handicapped Lavatory /Water Closet



80



Adaptable



81



86



Closets



Apartments



98



Apartment Buildings Central Laundry



2.



3



Basic Activities



Rooms



107 119



Housing Densities



121



Housing for the Elderly



126



Housing for the Handicapped



140



Group Homes



159



Senior Citizens' Center



162



Mobile Homes and Parks



169



Youth Hostels



180



Site Planning



186



EDUCATIONAL



201



Nursery Schools



203



Children's Center



207



Child Care Centers



208



v



Contents



Elementary and Secondary Schools



209



General



209



Site Selection



213



Site Planning



213



Busing



214



Parking



214



Recreation Facilities



215



Drainage



216



Planting



216



Safety



216



Kinds of Schools



218



Administration Suites



225



Learning Resource Centers



228



Classrooms



230



Multipurpose



Rooms



235



Student Lockers



237



Language Laboratory



240



Science



240



Facilities



245



Arts



Music



Industrial



Home



246



Facilities



and Vocational



Facilities



250 251



Arts



Food Service



252



Physical Education



258



Auditoriums



269



Guidance Services



271



College and University Facilities



273



Classrooms



273



Gymnasiums



276



Physical Education and Sports



280



Facilities



House



281



Dormitories



282



Handicapped Students



295



Libraries



297



Individual Study Carrels



314



Student Unions



322



Computation Centers



330



Communications Centers



333



Field



Regional Education Center



(Supplementary)



Resource



Facilities (Library)



Large-Group



Facilities



Audiovisual



335 337



340 351



Theater-Arts-Laboratory Teaching Station



Programs and Programming 3.



357



360



CULTURAL Museums Small Museums



372



Exhibition Spaces



377



Visual Arts Facility Libraries



365



378



380



Diagrams of Essential Library Elements



VI



380



Branch Libraries



382



Space Requirements



383



Service and Space Relationships



386



Library Location



387



Contents



Accessible to Handicapped



389



Branch Buildings



390



Bookmobiles



390



Bookstack Data



391



392



Theaters Sight Lines



402



Stage Space



405



Music and Drama Centers



411



House



411



Basic Seating Data



419



Stage



423



Space



for



Dance



429



Community Theaters



433



Amphitheaters



439



Music



442



Facilities



Arts and Crafts Centers



451



Performing Arts Center



463



HEALTH Hospitals



467



Introduction and Flow Charts



467



Bedrooms



467



Nursing Units



474



Surgical Suite



475



Nursery



477



Pediatric Nursing Units



480



Diagnostic X-Ray Suite



484



Pharmacy



490



Teletherapy Units



492



Electroencephalographic Suite



496



Physical Therapy Department



497



Occupational Therapy Department



500



Community Mental Health Center



503



Laboratory



503



Labor-Delivery Suite



509



Radioisotope Facility



511



Outpatient Activity



513



Emergency Activity



528



EDP Unit



530



Rehabilitation Centers



533



Mental Health Centers



548



Homes



554



Nursing



Child Health Station



561



Medical Schools



562



Dental Schools



583



Nursing Schools



600



Youth Treatment Centers



616



Multiphasic Health-Screening Centers



622



RELIGIOUS Churches, General



631



Churches, Lutheran



638



Churches, United Methodist



643



Temples and Synagogues



655



Chapels



662



Church Schools



665



VII



Contents



6.



GOVERNMENTAL AND PUBLIC City



and Town



673 675



Hails



Courthouses



680



Fire Stations



700



Firehouses



703



Police Stations



708



Police Facility



718



and Prisons



725



YMCA Buildings YWCA Buildings



741



Jails



742



Boy's Clubs



755



Recreation Centers



761



Neighborhood Service Centers



767



Embassies



769



Post Offices



773



Access Ramps for the Handicapped



774



Public Toilet



Rooms for



the



775



Handicapped



COMMERCIAL



777



Regional Shopping Centers



779 796



Shops



Retail



796



General Principles of Retail



Shop Design



796



Interiors



796



Layouts and Dimensions



798



Show Windows



807



Women's Wear Men’s Wear



808



Bookshops



812



Shops



812



Jewelry Shops



813



Barber Shop



815



Gift



and Cleaner



Tailor



811



815



Beauty Shop



816



Shoe-Repair Shop



816



Florist



Shops



816



Drugstores



817



Liquor Stores



818



Shoe Stores



820



Supermarkets



823



Banks



825



Restaurants, Eating Places, and



Foodservice Facilities



843



Offices, General



855



Furniture



857



Work



859



Stations



Private



and Semiprivate



871



Conference Rooms



873



Layout



874



Space



875



Planning



876



Clearances



Washroom



viii



827



Kitchens



Facilities



887



889



Medical Offices



891



Radiology



896



General Practice



898



Contents



Pediatrics



899



Internal Medicine



899



Ophthalmology



900



Plastic Surgery



900



General Surgery



901



Orthopedic Surgery



901



902



Dental Offices



General Dentistry



905



Orthodontics



908



Law



909



Offices



Ophthalmological Offices



913



Parking



916



Automobile Dimensions



922



Parking Lots



934



Automobile Service Stations



938



Automotive Shop Gas-Filling



942



and Service Stations



Automobile Body Shop



944 947



Truck Dealer and Service



956



TV



Facilities



960 967



Stations



972



Hotels



Space Allotments



991



Guestroom Floor



993



Guestroom Design



Computer (EDP)



Facilities



Photographic Laboratories Funeral



998 1004



Motels



9.



943



Automobile Dealer Centers



Radio Stations



8.



916



Parking Garages



Homes



1017



1020 1021



TRANSPORTATION



1023



Airports and Terminals



1025



Airport Cargo Facilities



1075



Air Cargo Terminals



1079



Airport Service Equipment Buildings



1081



Aircraft Fire and Rescue Station



1085



Heliports



1087



STOL Ports



1099



Seaplane Terminals



1103



Bus Terminals



1111



Truck Terminals



1117



Truck Types and Dimensions



1123



Docks



1125



INDUSTRIAL



1133



Industrial Parks



1135



Industrial Buildings, General



1141



Industrial Plants



1148



Industrial Railroad



Docks



1154



Research Laboratories



1155



Warehouses



1167



Waterfront Warehouses



1170



Airport Industrial Park



1174



Industrial Plants, Parking



1178



IX



Contents



10. RECREATION



AND ENTERTAINMENT



and Playgrounds



Playlots



Badminton



1183 1192



Basketball (AAU) Basketball



1181



1193



(NCAA)



1194



Biddy Basketball



1195



Goal-Hi Basketball



1196



Boccie



1197



Ball



Croquet



1198



One-Wall Handball



1199



Three- and Four-Wall Handball



1200



Hopscotch



1201



Horseshoes



1202



Hockey



1203



Lawn Bowling



1204



Roque



1205



Shuffleboard



1206



Deck Tennis



1207



Platform Tennis



1208



Paddle Tennis



1209



Tennis



1210



Tetherball



1211



Volleyball



1212



Official Baseball



1213



Ice



1214



Baseball



Bronco League (9-12



Pony League (13-14



yr)



yr)



Colt League (15-16 yr)



League (9-12



Little



Field



yr)



Hockey



1215



1216 1217 1218



1219



Flickerball



Football



1214



(NCAA)



1220



Touch and Flag Football



1221



Golf Driving Range



1222



Lacrosse



1223



Men's



1223



Women's



1224



Soccer



1225



Men's and Boys'



1225



Women's and



1226



Girls'



Softball, 12-Inch



1227



Softball, 16-Inch



1228



Speedball



1229



Team Handball



1230



'/4



-Mile Running Track



Shot Put



1231



1232



Hammer Throw



1233



Discus Throw



1234



Throw



1235



Javelin



Long Jump and Triple Jump



1236



Pole Vault



1237



Jump



1238



High



Archery



1239



International Shooting Union



Automatic Trap



x



1240



Fixed Nets and Posts



1241



Fence Enclosures



1242



Typical Grading and Drainage Details



1243



Typical Playing Surfaces



1244



Contents



Baseball and Softball Backstops



Movie Theaters



1245 1246



Handicapped Seating



1251



500-Seat Movie Theater



1253



Drive-In Theaters



1255



Bowling Alleys



1257



Swimming Pools



1266



Public



Swimming Pools



1266 1269



Diving Pools Residential



Swimming Pools



1271



50-Meter Recreational Swimming Pool



1273



25-Meter Recreational Swimming Pool



1274



25- and 50-Meter Indoor Pools



1275



Health Clubs



1277



Locker Rooms



1278



Bathhouses



1280



Gymnasium



1282



Zoos



1283



Aquariums



1293



Indoor Tennis Building



1300



Sports Arenas



1301



1310



Golf Courses and Clubhouses



1318



Rifle



and



Rifle



and Carbine Ranges, Outdoor



Pistol



Ranges, Indoor



1325 1329



Shooting Ranges, Outdoor Trapshooting



1329



Skeet Shooting



1329



Trap Field



1330 1331



Skeet Field



Combination Skeet and Trap



Field



1332



1333



Marinas



Camps and Camp



Facilities



1343



11. MISCELLANEOUS



1363 1365



Farmsteads



Farms and Farm Buildings



1367



Animal



1371



Facility,



Laboratory



Greenhouses



1375



Horse Barns



1376



Horse Stables



1379



Riding Schools



1385



Kennels



1387



Nature Center



1389



Handicapped/Basic Human Dimensions



1392



Wheelchair Dimensions



1393



Clearances



1395



Handicapped/Anthropometrics



1398



and Urinals



1398



Drinking Fountains



1399



Elevators



1400



Stairs



1401



Convenience Controls



1402



Walkway Clearances



1403



Ramps



1404



Toilets



Credits



1405



Index



1407



XI



Contributors Iris



Alex, AIA



John



AIA



Richard M. Adler,



Building Consultant



Egmont Arens



YWCA



Industrial Designer



W.



Francis



James W. Atz Associate Curator, Museum of Natural History Geoffrey Baker



Architect



Richard U. Gambrill



Armstrong



Leslie



J. Fruin, Ph.D.



Bruno Funaro



the American



AIA



Bryant Putnam Gould IMoyce



Architect



Gencorelli,



John



E.E.



L. Griffin,



J. Grosfeld,



AIA



Vilma Barr Victor Gruen,



AIA



J. L. Gruzen,



AIA



Herbert Behrend, P.E. Richard M. Bennett, AIA



Don Halamka



Frederick Bentel, AIA



Raymond



Maria Bentel, AIA



Housing Research Center.



Charles M. Boldon l\l.



Breger,



Keith



I.



Hibner,



E.



AIA



US



August Hoenack



Conrad Associates



Public Health Service



Joseph Horowitz,



AIA



Dept..



Charles



The Perkins & Will Corporation



Ernest J. Hasch



Cornell University



William



Harrison



Morton Hartman, AIA



Chester Arthur Berry, Ed.D.



Glenn H. Beyer



Gruzen and Partners



Manager. Facilities Engineering P.E. Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc.



Broudy



George A. Hutchinson, AIA Gladys



L.



Brown



Health. Physical Education,



and



Recreation Consultant C. William Brubaker,



AIA



Emmet The Perkins &



The Perkins &



wm



Corporation



Ingram, AIA



The Perkins



&



Will



Corporation



wm David Jones



Corporation



Harold Burris-Meyer



Edward A Kazarian



Charles A. Chaney



Aaron



Alonso W. Clark, AIA



Alexander Kira



l\l.



Architect



Kiff



Housing Research Center.



Cornell University



Harold differ, AIA F.



Joseph Kleinman



G. Cole



Robert Walter



L.



L.



Architect



Knapp, AIA



Cook



William J. Cronin,



Jr.



A. Frederick Kolflat, Corporation



AIA



J. J. Koster



Marvin Cutler, AID



Lendal H. Kotschevar



P.Deis



Architect



Morris Lapidus, AIA



Lathrop Douglass, FAIA



Betsy Laslett



Max



Fred



W.



R.



Architect



A. Peter Florio



Designer-Consultant



and Partners



Lawson



Stanton Leggett



Ferguson



wm



Alan Lapidus, AIA



Clyde H. Dorsett, AIA



Fengler



Luckman Associates



The Perkins &



Architect. Gruzen



Laurence Curtis



T.



Charles



Educational Consultant



Ronald Mace, AIA



xiii



Contributors



James Mackenzie



Richard



John Macsai



Walter A. Rutes



Jain Malkin



Christine



Francis Joseph McCarthy,



William McCoy, AIA



Gordon



P.



FAIA



F.



The Perkins & Will Corporation



McMaster



Roti



F.



F.



Salmon, AIA



Cuthbert Salmon, AIA



Maurice R. Salo, AIA Consulting Architect Lutheran Church in America



Architect



Ben Schlanger



Frank Memoli



Myron



E. Schoen, F.T.A. Director. Commission on Synagogue Administration



Architect



Keyes D. Metcalf



Max



B. Schreiber



Jo Mielziner Stage Designer



Walter



William A. Mills



Samuel Selden



Architectural Consultant



Maurice Mogulescu



Architect



Architectural Consultant



Schultz



E.



Peter C. Smith



Associate of the Royal Institute of



British Architects



Bruno Molajoli R.



Roger Morgan



George Muramoto



Jackson Smith, AIA



Bernard Spero



Architect



William Staniar, M.E.



Richard Muther Clifford E. Nelson,



Newman



Wilbur R. Taylor



M.D.



Margaret



Architect



Raymond



C. Ovresat, AIA The Perkins & Corporation



James



Architect and Theater Consultant



Architect



Emmanuel Mesagna



Oscar



to the



A. Paddock



wm



Dober. Paddock. Upton



James



Architect



E. Terrell



G. Terrill, Jr.



George H. Tryon and



Donald



B.



Tweedy



Associates. Inc.



Howard JuliUS PanerO



P.



Vermilya, AIA



Architect and Urban Planning Consultant



Joshua H. Vogel, AIA



W. Russel Parker



Architect



Mildred C. Widber Richard H. Penner Philip Will, Jr.,



AIA



The Perkins & Will Corporation



Robert Perlman Frank Harrison Randolph, P.E.



Professor of Hotel



Engineering, Cornell University



Kenneth



Ricci



Architect



Scott Turner Ritenour



Herbert ROSS



XIV



Industrial Designer



Richard M. Williams Director, National Building Consultation and Supply Services, Boys' Clubs of America



Mary Worthen



Architect



Martin Zelnik, AIA



Organizations American Association for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation American Association of Port Authorities American Association for State and Local History American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums



American Bar Association American Library Association



American Medical Association American Psychiatric Association American Trucking Associations, American Youth Hostels,



Inc.



Inc.



Association of College Unions -International



The Athletic Institute Boy Scouts of America Boys' Clubs of America



Brunswick Corp.



Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation Canadian



Museum



Association



Center for Architectural Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute



Conference Board of Mathematical Sciences Civil



Aeronautics Administration



The DeVilbiss Company Educational Facilities Laboratories



Eno Foundation Federal Aviation Administration



Federal Housing Administration



General Motors Corporation



General Services Administration



Housing and



Home



Finance Agency



Housing Research Center, Cornell University



Humble



Oil



Institute of



&



Refining Co.



Outdoor Drama, University of North Carolina



Institute of Traffic Engineers



International Association of Chiefs of Police International City



Managers' Association



International Youth Hostel Federation



Kelley



Company,



Inc.



Michigan State Housing Development Authority



xv



Organizations



Mobile



Homes Manufacturers



Association



Mosler Safe Co.



Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Association



of the U.S., Inc.



Music Educators National Conference National Association of Engine and Boat Manufacturers, Inc. National Association of



Home



Builders



National Council of the Young Men's Christian Association of U.S.A. National Council on the Aging National Crushed Stone Association National Education Association National Fire Protection- International National Fisheries Center and Aquariums National Institute of Mental Health National Golf Association National Office Products Association



National Recreation and Park Association National Rifle Association National



New New



Swimming



Pool Institute



York City Housing Authority



York State University Construction Fund



Philadelphia Housing Association Rite-Hite Corporation



Texas A &



M



University, School of Architecture



United Methodist Church, Board of Global Ministries U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (now called U.S. Department of Health



and



Human



Services)



U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development U.S. Department of the Navy U.S. Public Health Service University of California University of Oregon University of Washington, Bureau of Government Research and Services



Urban Land Institute



Western States Arts Foundation



XVI



Preface to the Third Edition



TIME-SAVER STANDARDS FOR BUILDING TYPES buildings.



It



criteria for,



not, as



and



illustrates the functional relationships



do most architectural books, present the



material



is



intended to be used to assist



building functions properly for



The



a



is



handbook about the architectural planning



describes each building type, such as a school, a



third edition of



its



in



museum,



between,



final aesthetic



its



or a theater,



component



made



The



first edition,



the process of designing the building and to ensure that the



published



in



1



973, established for the



1



in



in



amount



all



major types



of essential planning



It



added new building types and updated



the book. This third edition continues to expand and revise the information on those



building types that



A word



time a comprehen-



order to create more successful buildings. The second edition, published



980, greatly expanded the scope and depth of the material.



ones already



first



and standards of



available to the architect and designer an extensive



data to analyze and organize, in



book does



particular use.



sive source of reference material dealing with the functional analysis It



parts. This



expression of a particular building. The



Time-Saver Standards for Building Types continues the tradition of a unique and



significant publication.



of buildings.



of



and presents general



have seen significant changes over the years.



of caution



spatial relationships,



on the use of this handbook: The material presents basic or general principles,



and design



criteria for



each building type. This information should be used only



as a reference point from which individual or specific design solutions can be established. This material is



not intended to give definitive schematics, rigid formulas, or final designs that will automatically



provide the solution to a specific design problem. Rather, these standards and criteria should only be



the starting point for further analysis, evaluation, and review of the interrelationships of the elements of



each type of building. Primarily, the material



in this



designer, student, or related design professional



to assist in developing building



to establish preliminary space allocations



3.



to study general



5.



handbook



and specific functional relationships



and projects



The future presents many new and exciting challenges



to the architect



and the entire design profes-



Notable are the rapid technological developments that are having strong influences upon the use,



functions, and forms of in



intended to be used by the architect,



assist in the preparation of preliminary architectural designs



to assist in the evaluation of proposals



sion.



is



the following manner:



programs



1.



2.



4. to



in



new



buildings. Equally important



is



the search for



new



aesthetic expressions



architecture and their interrelationships with painting and sculpture. The introduction of



ods, techniques,



and materials



will provide a solid



will significantly influence



new



new meth-



construction. Hopefully, this handbook



base from which these challenges can be successfully pursued.



Joseph De Chiara



Residential



DIMENSIONS OF THE BASIC ACTIVITIES



HUMAN



FIGURE



3 5



LIVING



AREAS



6



LIVING



ROOMS



7



LAUNDRY ROOMS BATHROOMS



62



69



Handicapped Lavatory/Water Closet Adaptable



7



CLOSETS



Furniture Sizes



8



Furniture Arrangements



9



APARTMENTS APARTMENT BUILDINGS



16 Central Laundry



DINING AREAS



17



COMBINED LIVING-DINING SPACES COMBINED DINING AREA-KITCHEN



27



BEDROOMS



81



86



Furniture



Furniture Sizes and Clearances



80



Rooms



98 107 119



HOUSING DENSITIES HOUSING FOR THE ELDERLY HOUSING FOR THE HANDICAPPED



121



29



GROUP HOMES



159



COMBINED LIVING-SLEEPING AREAS HOME OFFICE OR STUDY



41



SENIOR CITIZENS' CENTER



162



43



169



KITCHENS



44



MOBILE HOMES AND PARKS YOUTH HOSTELS



Adaptable



28



53



SITE



PLANNING



126 140



180 186



Residential



DIMENSIONS OF THE DIMENSIONS OF ADULTS



of



The dimensions and clearances shown for the average adult (Fig. 2) represent minimum require-



section of this



ments for use furnishings.



If



in



planning building layouts and



possible, clearances should



be



shown on the next page



authorities prefer 2



6 Vi



ft



6



in,



5 in; some or sometimes 2 ft is



2



ft



in.



Since doorways and



passageways must normovement



mally be dimensioned to permit the



Fig.



Fig.



1



2



book



Age



relating to furniture sizes.)



Height,



in



Age



Height,



44



11



6



46



12



58



physical propor-



7



48



13



60



tions as adults, especially during their early years,



8



50



14



62



and



vary greatly, but their space



9



52



15



64



requirements can be approximated from the following table and from Fig. 1. (For heights of chil-



10



54



16



66



Children do not have the their heights



same



FIGURE



of Children



5



DIMENSIONS OF CHILDREN



in-



creased to allow comfortable accommodations for persons larger than average. The height of tabletops



Average Height



furniture, they should seldom be designed merely on the needs of the average adult. (See



HUMAN



in



56



dren's furniture and equipment, see section on



“Schools.")



Dimensions and clearances for children. Source. “Time-Saver Standards,"



Dimensions and clearances for adults. Source: "Time-Saver Standards,"



1st ed., F.



1st ed., F.



W. Dodge



W. Dodge



Corp.,



Corp.,



New



New



York, 1946.



York, 1946.



3



Residential



DIMENSIONS OF THE



Fig.



4



2



(cont.)



HUMAN



FIGURE



Residential



BASIC ACTIVITIES



Two



Walking between two high walls (space adequate



men and women) for



both



— 40 Walking with elbows extended (space adequate for both men



people passing



(figure derived; twice the space for one person to



walk between two high walls)



Walking between high wall and 30" high table (space adequate for



both



men and



women)



\



Kneeling on one knee (woman only)



Man



bending



a right



at



angle



and women)



One person using coat closet



Two persons using coat closet in foyer area with space for one person walking



5



Residential



LIVING



AREAS



LIVING AREAS Planning Considerations •



Through



should



traffic



be



separated



To sleeping area and main en t ranee



from



activity centers.



Openings should be located so as enough wall space for various



to



give



furniture



arrangements. •



Convenient access should be provided to doors, windows, electric outlets, thermostats, and supply



grills.



Furniture Clearances



To assure adequate space for convenient use of



To dining and k tchen a rea



furniture in the living area, not less than the fol-



i



lowing clearances should be observed.



60 24



between facing seating where circulation occurs between



in in



furni-



ture



30 36 60



in for in



in



use of desk



main between



for



traffic



television set



and seating



Seating arranged around a 10-ft diameter circle makes a comfortable grouping for conver-



(Fig. 1)



sation. Figure 2 indicates clearances, circulation,



and conversation



areas.



Fig.



1



Plan. Source: “Manual of Acceptable Practices," Vol. 4, and Urban Development, 1973.



U.S. Dept, of Fiousing



Minimum clearances, circulation and con2 versation areas for living rooms. Fig.



6



Residential



LIVING



between



FURNITURE



2



GENERAL



ft



General



3.



Typical furniture-group units



practical



While the typical furniture arrangements presented



means cover the ties,



pages



following



the



in



range of



entire



by



no



possibili-



they do cover the fundamental uses to



which



and sleeping spaces



dining,



living,



are put. From the suggested schemes furniture



arrangements can be developed



any particular problem or



may be



with which a designer



Furniture



indicated



set of



may vary



sizes



to suit



problems



confronted. those



slightly;



are the averages commonly met



upper middle-class homes, and are



with



in



little



affected by changes in style or similar



6



ft



serve



is



traffic



lane: 3



increases,



space



the



over:



or



ft



4



scale



in.



the



is



the



in size,



order



in



of



a in



to



pre-



room.



The



lane between an entrance door and



major group unit width.



It



is



preferably generous



is



desirable to place doors so



that the central



become major



portions of



traffic



rooms do not



ways between



group:



television



According to the price of a house and



may be



and a



all



of the furniture-group units



included. The fireplace



wall):



3



ft



is



has been included



a



tolerance, which permits one per-



son to pass back of an occupied chair. This



minimum does not



so closely



is



associated with living room furniture that



portant,



minimum



in



rooms are im-



living



people use the



of



room, and narrow lanes between furnitureunits



quate



traffic



are



uncomfortable.



An



between the



main



constitute a major traffic



lane



trance and the major seating group



wide;



in.



Specific space allowances



4



6



ft



in.



groupings,



furniture



be-



it



LIVING



ROOM



comes obvious that certain clearances are required.



Spaces,



furniture-group



Minimum



been



of



dif-



Typical



distances



room are as



planners.



maximum



cases,



quirements



for



distances



human



been incorporated ing



of



These,



in



some



in



based upon



re-



and



2.



applicable



A



list-



to



3.



1.



Single



between low



Single



conversation



normally



sofa



group:



grouped



chairs



around



the



Secondary conversation group: chairs seat at end of



room or



Reading group or groups:



in



passage objects, in. is



passage



(not



a



such



as



traffic



a



sofa



lane)



and



the minimum. (not



a



traffic



4.



corner



chair, otto-



5.



lane)



space



Music



chairs,



group:



bench,



ft



8



wide. For every inch



to the size of the fireplace,



added



to the



1



in.



is



site



minimum clearance space.



a wide sofa the



is



fireplace,



placed directly oppothis



storage



group



A 6-ft tolerance is the maximum because



is



often



spread.



usually consid-



ered



it



is



difficult to



carry on a conversation over a greater



dis-



tance.



A



considerable



in



flexibility



location



and



of



all



wall



pieces can be shifted. Doors flanking a



fire-



is



possible,



place are to be avoided



bookcases piano,



pieces



4



is



added



doors and windows



Writing or study group: desk, lamp,



one or two



ft



ft



The



living



man, lamp, table



coffee table: 18 2.



the



follows:



Primary



and love



all



rooms follows:



in



fireplace



have



intercourse,



the diagrams.



generally



those



and



groups



If



by



established



1.



numerous



furniture



between



naturally



units.



have



comfort



for



paths



or



lanes,



develop



types



ferent



for a fireplace 3



in.



en3



preferred.



is



a fireplace group



of furniture in



ade-



is



minimum clearance between facing studying



it



schemes.



all



numbers



since



group



4



In



two



allotted to the living room,



cubage



or three or



Traffic tolerances in



desk



a



and



set



Clearances



lane.



matters of individual preference.



Television



7.



Seating areas, confined (for instance,



between



and four



table



differ-



ent parts of the house. 4.



game



group:



seating for several people



the traffic



Game



6.



chairs



the minimum.



minimum. As rooms increase



minimum



this



in.



height



hip



objects,



tall



to 2



ROOMS



furniture



group



may



in



order that the



be



concentrated



around the fireplace opening.



7



BREAKFRONT BOOK CASES •t



m mm



TTTT •



W.lrY



small HEIGHT



rtA



/m



I ••.



' •



LARGE 4'-0" 6'-6"



D H



.



.3



J mL



25



*



,1



5« CONSOLE



END



L



-8"



L



D H



I



D



l’-8" 2'-0"



3'I'-



2'-



0" 6" 6"



HIGHBOYS



imps 26



'



•ytwV'A-W 28



|



-



AVERAGE



ARGE



2-6" 2'-6" 1



a«i



CIRCULAR



-•



SWAN TOP



2'-8" .



1



j



l'-8"



3-2"



3‘-0"



L



D



l'-6"



0



l'-6"



H



7-0"



H



5'-0"



3'-0"



DIAM HEIGHT



37 CONCERT GRANO L



D H 38.



D H



L D H



3'-4" 41



7'-0" 5'-0"



3'-4"



39 PARLOR GRAND L



6'-0"



0 H



5'-0" 3'-4"



3-0 r-6"



DIAM. 3‘-0"



H



2'-6"



DIAM



3'-0"



H



t



-6"



40 BABY GRAND



9'-0" 5'-0"



MUSIC ROOM GRAND L



PIECES



FLAT TOP



L



PIANOS



42.



5-6" 5-0"



.



'v-.i.V.-'



,-y,



3'-4“



DUMBWAITER LARGEST OIAM



CONSOLE L



5-0



D H



2'-0‘



H



2'-0" 2'-6"



42



4'-3"



MINATURE L



4'-8"



D H



3-0"



l'-7"



if! :



ib.



LAMP TABLE DIAM



__



8



\



1



H



W|



l’-6"



-.i'



2'-0" 3" l'2'-0"



L



L 5-0" D 1-6" H 7’-0"



l'-6"



•



,



I



END



LOWBOYS



LENGTH DEPTH HEIGHT



21



I



J-.h:



LENGTH DEPTH



TABLES



-



H



2-0" 2-6"



ROUNDABOUT SEAT DEPTH OF SEAT DIAM 4-0"



f-6"



Residential



LIVING Furniture



ROOMS



Arrangements



2.



Clearance between low coffee table (23) and easy chairs ought to be maintained at 3'-4" even though table is low, because the aisle here constitutes a major traffic way.



(6)



windows may be used as focal



points, instead of fireplaces.



4.



3.



For larger families, or for those who entertain often, 5. seating for 7 to 8 persons in the primary group is a reasonable design limitation. Off-center location of game group provides for a corner entrance door.



If sofa opposite fireplace is omitted, primary group can be brought closer together. In schemes to 4, note that wide groups permit conversation without twisting to see speakers seated on sofa; here this restriction is removed. I



room which must contain a baby approximately 20*. If minimum clearances of 3' between desk (15) and I' between piano and wall, and room length must be increased. maintained, wall, are to be



6.



Minimum



grand piano



length for a



is



Here, presumably, doors at ends of room indicate use of one side of room as a traffic route. Primary furniture is grouped closely about fireplace; wall pieces are all that can be used on opposite side.



9



Residential



LIVING



ROOMS Arrangements



Furniture



/



J



\



V



o fO



22 '- 6 ":



7.



Grouping for door locations at both ends of room; -ft clearance is desirable between piano and wall.



ideally,



Chairs



I



(6)



are smaller than those previously listed, 2'-6"



/



x



3'-0".



8.



If



living



room has



a



/



V



23 - 0 "



"dead end"



(no doors), primary unit



may be spread to include entire end of room. music or game group would demand more area.



Inclusion of



\



24’- 7" ;



Primary group shown is one of most popular arrangeSecUnit placing suggests entrance at left end. ments. ondary conversation unit often becomes music or game group. 9.



26‘-0"l



Ten persons can be comfortably seated in this type of 1 1. arrangement, in which primary and secondary conversation groupings almost merge into one.



10



Arrangement designed to permit door locations on side Angled chairs (6) are small size noted in Fig. 7, and often used in other arrangements. 12.



walls rather than ends.



Residential



LIVING Furniture



13



.



shown schemes arranged symabout centered fireplaces; on this and the folpage are schemes for cases when foci cannot be



Previous diagrams have



metrically



lowing



ROOMS



Arrangements



14 Off-center rooms often divide naturally into two parts: primary group, and other groups combined. Clearance no greater than 2' will not accommodate a major traffic lane. .



centered.



15. If primary, music, and game groups are all to be conHere game tained in a small area, one must be curtailed. group consists of table and only two chairs.



2-6' x 3-0 17. Two smaller upholstered chairs (6), each might be accommodated at the right of the fireplace in this



room with only



a slight increase in



room width.



16.



In this



case the primary conversation group



is



curtailed



to permit inclusion of a grand piano; use of corner bench for game group may result in some loss of comfort.



18. In a room with only one door the minimum traffic lane of 3'-4" needs to be increased to at least 4'- 10", which will accommodate two persons side by side, without crowding.



11



Residential



LIVING



ROOMS



Furniture



Arrangements



20.



19.



21'- io";



Another example of wide entrance lanes. Placement of doors so that at least 10" is allowed between room corners and door trim will permit installation of "built-in" bookcases.



Several doors may be accommodated with this type of traffic lane is assumed furniture-group unit arrangement. to exist at the left end of the room.



21.



22.



same



Notice that a game-table group occupies almost the Placement at an floor area as a baby grand piano. angle is intended for informal rooms.



units;



23.



24.



Fireplace chairs set 3'-6" back from center line of



place permit occupants to gaze at the



General



12



traffic



fire



cannot be accommodated



in



fire-



comfortably. a



2-ft



lane.



A



Larger rooms



may be



may



contain four or more furniture-group



desirable to increase clearances. chairs set at angles requires increased areas. it



Use of



By using love seats instead of pairs of chairs at sides of considerable space can be saved even though seats are not placed the minimum distance apart. fireplace,



Residential



LIVING



/



\



Furniture



rooms with fireplaces in end walls, as in the schemes immedi25.



In



ately preceding, furni-



ture arrangements often



two



27.



fall



naturally into



distinct groups.



In this



ROOMS



Arrangements



26. One of the two groups may be adapted for



dining,



eliminating



need for a separate dining room. Minimum clearance around dining table should be 3 '- 0 ".



scheme, by



placing the sofa on the



long axis opposite the fireplace,



furniture



held together as



two obvious It



is



positions



entrance door.



possible to



back



the sofa against group of windows.



J



a



There are



single unit.



for an



is



a



28. Backing mary - group



the



pri-



furniture



against walls eliminates



behind



passage



and width



reduces to



a



them



room



minimum.



\



the and end



30. Placing the sofa against one



opposite the fireplace are available for doors. Piano should, if



side of the room tends to open up the primary group



29.



Here



left side



possible,



be



placed against an inside wall.



in



effect,



with



to



merge



the secon conversation



it



dary group furniture.



13



-



Residential



LIVING



ROOMS



Furniture



Arrangements



The entire area may be treated as a



32. Here the placing of the desk group (14) allies it



furniture



closely with the fire-



31.



single unit, 6



6



6



all



being brought into the principal group.



place unit. units



are



Four



included.



o'- 6":



33. By interchanging the positions of



the fireplace furniture in



Fig.



32, a grand piano can be accom-



modated.



35. Type of sofa shown is becoming in-



creasingly popular. Chairs (6) may be units which can be added to sofa,



14



if



desired.



34. Completely symmetrical ar-



rangement in comparatively small space; music group might replace items 14 and 25.



36.



"Unit" types of



sofas are particularly suited to corner



groupings. Scheme shown contains three



group



units.



Residential



LIVING ROOMS and Clearances



Furniture Sizes



SPACE FUNCTION



FURNITURE REQUIREMENTS



Primary and secondary activities that usually take place in living rooms or spaces are:



occupants are to be able to carry out their normal activities in the living room, the size and configuration of the space must accommodate both the furniture and its use. Passive activities, such as listening to music and watching television, will not require as much space for movement in front of furniture as will less sedentary activities like



Primary



Secondary



Activities



Activities Dancing Hobbies and



Entertainment



Watching



crafts



television



Listening



Eating



to music Reading



Parlor



If



entertaining or playing.



games



Mending and sewing



Writing Studying Relaxing Resting



Playing music Giving parties Projecting slides or films



Children's



Operating



play



home



computer



2 100 7



-



mm



0"



1



Television



Chesterfield



“mm



200



1



I



medium 800



mm



t



I



1



2 8"



5



b



y



mm



650



mm



-



mm



0"



large



CO 900



Bookcases



Coffee table



Armchair



I



500



I



450



1



22 I



I



r-6"



E



B



8 End table



Occasional chair



r-6'



Desk



Fig.



1



Typical living



room



Chair



Scale



1:50



furniture



15



Residential



ROOMS



LIVING



Furniture Sizes



Scale



and Clearances



1:50



Fig.



5



Grouping of seats for social interaction: recommended clearance 2 600



•



3



000



mm Fig.



3



Recommended clearances



for general access: (2 -10") limited access: (2 -O')



$



*=* 1



=31=3



There should be no through circulation in



this area



This distance varies according



Windows should



not be in this location



Scale



Fig.



4



(2 -O')



16



Limited access between a table and other furniture:



recommended clearance



Fig.



6



screen



for television viewing. The television set should be placed where the not reflect light and where it can be seen from the main seating group



Space will



1:50



Residential



DINING AREAS GLENN



By



AND ALEXANDER



BEYER



H.



KIRA, Housing Research Center, Cornell University



ROOM



DINING The



PASSAGE BEHIND CHAIRS



principal



factors



be



to



considered



The



planning the dining area are as follows:



in



Number



(1)



Space



(2)



and



type



and



glassware,



for china,



table;



passage



for



furniture;



of



the



at



Recommended



be



to



arrangement;



Seating



(4)



persons



used



chairs



for



of



(6)



space



mum



OF



PLACE



of 5



must



be



chair



when leaving



dimensions,



of



up



29



to



freedom



in.



adequate;



wide



be



to



minimum depth in.



These



china,



desirable



is



this



A



placed



a satisfactory width 25-in. -wide



width



25-in.



6



dimensions



tension (See Fig.



vided and



silver,



sage on



sides



all



if



ommended



is



place



36



W



is



in.



are



rec-



table lengths are as follows:



Minimum,



Recommended,



in.



6



10Hx14



=



147



8



1014x16



10



1014x18



189



12



1014x20



= = =



no one



If



is



to



60



the



table,



the



141,4



6



79



84



2



(21 sq



ft).



space



for



8



104



108



elbow



ex-



10



129



132



12



154



156



1).



drawers



6



knives,



forks,



tablespoons,



4



soupspoons; serving



12



teaspoons,



ft



18



spoons, 3-piece carving



set,



forks,



knives,



Depth, 18



in.



Height , 2



1



and



20



may be reduced by



of



required



dishes



and use,



supplies



of



for



moderate



everyday and guest



liberal



for



space



shelf



families, for both



glassis



as



follows: 12-in.



in.



*



20-in.



shelves, ft



Moderate



21-0



2



Liberal



36-9



Drawer space



3



shelves ,



ft— in.



in



14V^»



be seated at either end of length



Linear feet



pieces



spreaders, soupspoons;



each



in.



11



12 each forks, knives, salad forks or others, butter



12



,



210



Storage space



for storage of silverware



Width



Item



168



in.



54



and



ft



126



4



allow



sq



=



The



is



— Area



L



1014x12



pro-



Adapted, from Indoor Dining Areas for Rural Homes in the Western Region, Report 118, University of Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station, Tucson ( June 1955).



each



table,



4



seated at each



minimum and



then



X ft



ware,



8



42-in. -wide



a



of



36



is



44



to



settings



one person



of the table,



Persons



19



Inside dimensions of



1.



space for pas-



42-in.



required sizes are as follows:



medium-income



Table



above



With the same conditions noted



and with an ample



is



chairs



apart.



in.



end



greater



for



for a place setting



glassware,



each



for



permits



area



for total dining



Persons



however, a width



in.;



movement.



of



usually in.



21



is



the



the table (See Fig. 3).



The minimum width recommended



If



place setting



back



pushing



Space



mini-



depth of the chair



for



in.



satis-



passage



If



proximately 4



end of the



at either



may be reduced by ap-



Size of table



based



in.;



needed



width



provided



in.



for



seated



is



the length



linen.



SETTING



minimum



The



25



a



in.;



not required, a



plus the



in.



22



is



to



is



Storage space



on recent research, are provided below. SIZE



22



is



and



and



silver,



range



behind the chairs



them;



Size



(5)



recommended



space



behind chairs



factory



Space



behind



minimum



passage



seated;



(3)



no one



If



table,



Table



linens



is



1.



2



for storage of silver



Space



shown



in



for



Table



storage



is



shown



of



table



2.



teaspoons, 6 table21



serving pieces



3



soupspoons,



salad



forks



17



or



19



2



:



j



"-



29



"



1



*



butter spreaders; 24 teaspoons, 6 tablespoons,



6 serving pieces



Table



Dimensions of stacks of folded table linens



2.



Adapted from Storage Space Requirements for Household Textiles, .4. Woolrich, M. M. White, and M. A. Richards, Agricultural Research Bulletin 62-2, U.S. Department of Agriculture-, Washington, D.C. (1955). Dimensions given are front-to-back, side-to-side, and height. Space 16 Item 2



large



tablecloths.



guest 2



medium



Minimum,



in.



in.



Space 20



deep



Maximum,



in.



Minimum



,



in.



in.



deep



Maximum,



14x19x3



14x36x2



19x14x3



19x28x2



15x19x1



1



3x28x1



19x10x1



18x28x1



14x10x3



14x28x1



10x14x3



15x14x2



14x10x2



14x28x1



10x14x2



15x14x2



7x10x3



7x10x3



lOx 5x3



1



8x10x2



8x10x2



lOx 6x2



10x10x1



13x19x1



13x19x1



19x13x1



19x13x1



13x21x3



1



3x2 1 x3



13x21x3



13x21x3



in.



use tablecloths.



everyday use 4



small



tablecloths.



everyday use 3



small



tablecloths.



guest use 12



small (2



12



large napkins (2



6



napkins



Ox 9x2



stacks of 6)



stacks of 6)



place mats, everyday use



1



table



pad



17



Residential



DINING AREAS SPACE FUNCTION



FURNITURE REQUIREMENTS



Primary and secondary activities that usually take place in dining rooms or spaces are:



Primary



Secondary



Activities



Activities



Typical pieces of furniture are listed below, together with their horizontal dimensions. Tables with seating on two sides are generally larger than those specified for seating on four sides. However, seating on two sides will usually re-



Setting the



Children's



quire less total



table



after



room space.



play



Serving food Eating Cleaning up



Reading Writing Studying and



meals



homework



Storing



Entertainment Board games



dishes



Pattern cutting



and sewing Watching television Ironing clothes



200



1



I



mm



I



40 I



mm



900



t Small bullet



Table



Table



lor lour



lor six



1



800



mm



6 0



"



-



I mm



200



1



Table



Fig.



4



18



Typical dining



room



furniture



lor eight



Table



lor ten



Scale 1:150



Residential



DINING AREAS CLEARANCES Clearances should be provided in front of and in the dining room to allow activities to take place efficiently and in comfort. In some cases, greater clearances are required to accommodate the needs of elderly people, wheelchair users and invalids. Recommendations for clearances around furniture are shown in Figs. 5 to 8.



sometimes around furniture



Fig. 5



Limited access behind a chair



in



cul-de-sac circulation space



850



Fig.



6



a chair in through circulation space



Access behind



mm



2 8



"



-



appliances



or



Cabinets



Scale



Fig. 7



Access behind



a table



and a wall



1:50



Fig.



8



Access behind



a chair



and cabinets or appliances



19



Residential



DINING AREAS



450



mm



I



1



200 4



J



mm



I



0"



900



mm



3 -0 ' I



850



I



2



-



mm 10



"



J



mm



850



T



mm



800



1



T mm



100



1



Fig.



20



10



Eight-person household.



Recommended



net area: 13.87



m



2



Residential



DINING AREAS



—



Dining areas must accommodate furniture portable or built-in



—



either



for eating, sitting, serving



--Hi



and



possible storage. Equipment for these dining functions



may



also be



requirements for



adapted this



meet other possible



to



space



—



as studying, gameleaves



playing, etc.



Table space requirements per person are as



fol-



4



crowded seating, l'-lO" on the table’s perimeter; for comfort, 2'-0". Adequate clearances lows: for



for use



are indicated on diagrams.



with



roundtable



Furniture Sizes: foot



round {A): diam.



Portable Tables, 2'-7" to 5'- 10"



Portable Tables, rectangular



4 (



C



)



for



2'-6" to 4'-0" by 3'-6" to 8'-0"; or 2'-0" to 4'-0" square



Dining Chairs, I



'-6" to 2'-0"



Serving Table 2'-6" to



3'-6"



portable:



by



'-6" to



I



I'-



10"



(B):



by



to



l'-9"



Sideboard or Buffet (B): 4'-0" to b'-b" by l'-5" to



2'- 1"



l'-2"



China Cabinet (B): '-2" to 2'-8" to 3'-8" by I



I



'-9"



k-Approx.e'-O"



With



4



leaf extension



(Crowded Seating)



-10 1



21



Residential



DINING AREAS



Furniture Clearances



To assure adequate space



for convenient use of



the dining area, not less than the following clear-



ances from the edge of the dining table should be observed.



32 38 42 24 48



in for



chairs plus access thereto



in for



chairs plus access



in for



serving from behind chair



in for



passage only



in



and passage



from table to base cabinet



(in



dining-



kitchen)



Figures 11, 12, and 13 illustrate proper clearances. Various arrangements appear on the next page.



Fig. 1



1



Dining room for 6-person, 3-bedroom living unit.*



To



ki



,x tchen



Fig.



1



3



for dining areas, (a) one end of table against from one end and one side of table. Source: "Housing for the Elderly



Minimum clearances



wall; (b) serving



Development Process," Michigan State Housing Development Authority, 1974,



* From "Manual of Acceptable Practices," Vol. 4, U partment of Housing and Urban Development, 1973.



22



S.



De-



Residential



DINING AREAS



2.



1.



3.



.



Minimum



requires



2-ft



buffet



one side only; 3' more needed for extension table.



Typical dining-room suite, as used West Coast, requires



space



on



in



length



is



furniture space on



East and on



two sides of room.



5.



Long narrow area with some waste results when wall pieces are at ends, and end entrance is needed. space



6.



.



IT - l"



*



II’-



4



Solid lines indicate minimum room with corner cupboards, no wall furni-



Dotted lines indicate space for 3' breakfast table. ture.



added



The same set of clearances apthe seldom used round table as to the more popular oblong table.



7



plies to



7"-.



Table-and-passage unit 8. ner permits use of



in



one cor-



minimum space



for



may be



re-



multiple activities; piano



placed by desk, love seat, etc.



Arrangement of



typical suite



Spaces smaller than the usual min9. imum can be utilized if built-in seats are



included;



seating



and



table-



service comfort are sacrificed.



in



larger-than-minimum space, when a screen is used at serving door.



Dining rooms with fireplaces have be larger than minimum for the comfort of those seated at table. to



23



Residential



DINING AREAS



r— 1



WALKING



—— EDGING



past seated person



44”



i



*



"



past seated person



32



Jo"



ARMLESS CHAIR 20"x 21"-



«



'



l



"



ARISING AND DEPARTING PROJECTION



—p CHAIR



36 t



1



L (seated person)



MAXIMUM FOOT EXTENSION 32"



h



*



Rising from table, armless chair (armchair 2" Fig.



Armless chair



more)



in place at table



14



WALKING EDGING



past seated person



past seated person



ARISING AND DEPARTING CHAIR PROJECTION



ARMCHAIR 22"x 23”



(seated person)



MAXIMUM FOOT EXTENSION Foot extension, knees crossed, not at table Fig.



Armchair



15



EDGING past seated person



Using tables and chairs 24



in free area



in place at table



Residential



DINING AREAS



Tablet and Chaira Dining areas for eight persons with free-standing 72 by 40 in, one armchair, and seven arm-



table



on the basis of edging space on sides where there is not serving space, so that all persons can leave their seats without less chairs (calculated



disturbing others).



Serving space on two sides and one end



Serving space Fig.



16



Fig.



all



around table



17



25



Residential



DINING AREAS



Chair only



Human passage only



Passage for Pray service



A B A B A B



DINING 2'-0“i



Allow



4"



©§



4'-10" 3'-



2, Z/2,



2"



BUFFET



26



18



© Varies



T-T



square



ROOM



person



W.



.



CHAIRS



H 7



.



h



4-1070 6'-6" v-y ro 2-r



L D



4'-0"



MWsllMUM KNEE



3’-6"ro



CLEARANCE



W 2'-6" ro L



8'-0"



DINING TA-B LES



Dining room furniture. Source: "Manual



2'-q"ro3'-2"



4.-070 5-0“ l-8"orl'-q"



—



3 -4"



X



4 -0"



of Acceptable Practices," Vol. 4,



U



S,



Table for eight Dept, of Housing and Urban Development, 1973.



=



-



10“



ro3'-3"



ro



5'-IO"



DINING



SIDEBOARD



2-q-ro 3-3"



Table for eight



Fig.



3.4



Feet



CLEARANCES for DINING TABLES



h L D



2 lineal feer per



3-4" 1-8“



ROOM TABLES



3 -4" X 6 -0" or 4 0"



X 4



-0"



W ro



D



V-6" 2-0"



V-6"



ro r-io"



Residential



COMBINED LIVING-DINING SPACES



COMBINED SPACES Often several compatible living functions can be combined advantageously in a single room. Some of the benefits of such arrangements are that less space is used but it is used more intensively, its functions can be changed making it more flexible and serviceable space, it is adaptable to varied furniture arrangements, while visually it can be made more interesting and seem more gener-



ous than



if



the



same functions were dispersed



into separate rooms.



For adjacent spaces to be considered a combined room, the clear opening between them should permit common use of the spaces. This



usually necessitates an opening of at least 8 ft. Figures 1 and 2 show combined living-dining



rooms.



27



Residential



COMBINED DINING AREA-KITCHEN A combination dining area-kitchen is preferred by some occupants of small houses and apartments. This arrangement minimizes housekeeping chores and provides space which can be used as the family's day-to-day meeting place.



21" sink counter combined with 21" range counter



Combined dining area-kitchen, 2-bedroom living



Fig. 2



unit. Source: "Manual



of



Acceptable Practices," Vol .4, U S



Dept, of Housing and Urban Development, 1973.



One



of the primary functions of the kitchen



has been to provide a place for informal or family eating. This ing



in



is



different than guest or formal din-



a separate dining room or area. The infor-



mal dining generally consists of breakfast, lunch.



snacks, or just serving coffee to a neighbor. This eating area should be clearly defined as a sepa-



various possible arrangements. Another arrangement is the kitchen-family room.



rate functional area.



A frequent and desirable arrangement is the combined kitchen-dining area. Figure 4 shows the



’



22



Fig.



4



Minimum clearances



for dining area in kitchen. Source: "Housing



Development Process," Michigan State Housing Development



28



OUtSttig.



Authority, 1974.



for the Elderly



Residential



BEDROOMS SPACE FUNCTION



FURNITURE REQUIREMENTS



Primary and secondary activities that usually take place in bedrooms are listed below:



There are minimum requirements for furniture and space if occupants are to be able to carry out their normal bedroom activities. These are listed below, together with the horizontal dimensions of



Primary



Secondary



Activities



Activities Reading



the



Writing Studying



fied:



Sleeping Dressing/undressing Storing clothes Personal care



Working Watching



1)



television



furniture.



basic types of



bedrooms have been



2)



Caring for infants



identi-



the single occupancy bedroom, which will



accommodate one



Listening to music Children's play Knitting,



recommended



Two



single bed;



the double occupancy bedroom, which will accommodate one double bed or two single beds.



mending and



sewing Ironing



Telephoning Drawing and painting Sitting and entertaining



Doing exercise Resting and convalescing Hobbies and crafts Keeping pets Storing bulky items and seasonal clothes



TWIN SIZE 78 X 80 78 X 84



TWIN SIZE 39 X 84



60 X 80 60 X 84



54 54



BUNK BED



CONVERTIBLE SOFA



CHAISE LOUNGE



32 X 75



32 X 74 32 X 82



32 X 60



CHEST



DRESSER 21 X 48



X



X



80 84



39 X 75



39



X



80



CRIB



24 X 60 32 X 60 I



I



DRESSING TABLE 20 X 42



18 X 36 18 X 48



21 X



60



29



r



r



Residential



BEDROOMS BEDS



CHESTS



CHEST 4'



Single bed 3 -0" X 6 -10"



Twin bed 3 -3" X 6 -10"



-



0"



0“



x 2'-



Double bed 4 -6"



X



6 -10"



Three-quarter 4 -0 X 6 -10"



*



TABLES -



SMALL CHEST



;



3'-



J



KIDNEY 3'-



0"



x



l'-



SMALL 6"



4'-



2'-



0"x



0"



V- 2" 6" l'-



SMALL OCCASIONAL 2'-6''x 2'-



6'' l'-



MEDIUM NIGHT



NIGHT



LARGE DRESSING



0"x



x



l'-6"x l'-6"



6"



CHAIRS



Cha r '-6" x



Dresser



i



1



I



'-6"



BENCH



SIDE r-6"xl'-6"



Easy cha -6" x 3'-0"



DRESS'G



1



'-6" X 3'-6"



1



'-6" x



or



TABLE



,



2 -0"xl'-6”



i



2



r-6"xl'-6''



'



V-V ill



[



L_



H



j



r .



h-



End table '-6" x 2' -6"



jLJ



L- -



DRESSER



I



TABLE



T D ±



—



r



DRAWERS f



D i



'-8" x wi th chai



Desk



I



1



3



-6"



H L



3-5" To 4-8" 2-8” ro 3-4"



d



r-6 ro r-io"



M



D



no



U



h



J



I



J



L



v-4"ror-7" 4-0" to 5-6"



D



2-0"



H



2'-2" To



L D



3-0"ro 4-2"



2-6" '



r-3" ro



r- 10



H



30



w



Television



-



W



V-6"



to 3-1"



3-0' To 4-0"



r-6'To r-10"



BOUDOIR CHAIR



r-q"ro



Typical average furniture sizes.



-



r- 2 "ro



H



2-8" to



W



2-6" ro



i



3-4" 1



2-0"



D



r-crro 2'-0"



D 1



h



\



t



Fig.



2-8



2’-6"



A 1



H L D



ro 2-4"



NIGHT TABLE



Crib 2 -6" x



i



"i



2 - 10



D



2'-



"



8" ro



3-2"



Residential



BEDROOMS



mm



2 100



I*



7



-



0



'



I



500



I



T



mm



7



I



18



-



CLEARANCES Primary Activities



I



S



S



Clearances should be provided in front of and around furniture in bedrooms so that primary activities can take place efficiently and in comfort.



«?



In



some



cases, greater clearances are required to



satisfy the needs of elderly people, wheelchair



Bedside table



users and invalids.



Single bed



Single dresser



Double dresser



Scale 1:50



Fig.



3



Space



for dressing



Scale 1:50



Typical



Fig. 2



bedroom



furniture



Desk and chair



1:50



Scale



Fig.



4



Access between bed and dresser and between bed and desk



Fig.



5



Access between bed and closet and between bed and wall



31



Residential



BEDROOMS



.



1



000



mm



3 4



1 T



"



1



300



mm



4 -4



1



1



000



"



mm



3 4 -



1



1



-



450



mm 1



-



6



-



1-6"



I



mm



300



3



Fig. 8 Single occupancy bedroom in combination with another space. Net area: 5 m ! Adults are most likely to be found in this type of bedroom .



Scale



Fig.



9



Single



occupants of



occupancy bedroom. Net area: 8.5 m 2 The most likely bedroom type are: the elderly, adults, teenagers, and the



pre-adolescent child



32



.



this



(i.e.,



the school age child, 9 to 12 years old)



1:50



Residential



BEDROOMS I



700



mm



2 4' I



I



T



1



“mm



300



I



000



1



mm



3 4'



I



I



450



I



T”“i



mm



100



2



I mm



200



1



Double occupancy bedroom. Net area: 11.5 m 2 1 24 most likely occupants of this type of bedroom, which is often referred to as the master bedroom Fig.



10



{



SF). Adults are the



"



mm



10 -



450



14



4



Double occupancy bedroom. Net area: 14.7 m 2 1 60 The most likely occupants of this type of bedroom are adults, school age children of the same sex, children of different sexes who are less than nine-years old, and Fig.



1 1



(



SF).



preschoolers



33



Residential



BEDROOMS



BEDROOM Diagrams indicate should be provided



minimum



clearances



that



bedroom



furni-



for use of the



ture shown, dimensions for which are listed below. Many types and sizes of furniture are available;



common and can



but those listed are most



serve



as a basis for bedroom design. At least 2 in should be allowed as clearance between walls and furni-



between



ture; 3 in



furniture units.



A



Twin



i



3'-0" to 3'-3" wide; 6'-10" long. 3'-3" wide; 6 -10" long.



(F),



Three-quarter 6'-10" long



(E),



(B),



4 -0” wide; 6 -10” long " 'to 4 -6” wide; large, 4 2



Double-deck bed



Double, 4 -6" wide, 6 -10" long. 3" Roll-away beds, (A): 2 -0" by 5 -0" on edge, clearance on all sides



Bed Tables



(G):



l'-2" to 2'-0" by



1-0"



to 2'-0"



Bedroom Chairs



(H): 2'-6" Small, l'-8" by l'-8"; larger, by 2'-8" to 3'-2"



to



2'-



10"



Dressers (3-drawer) (D): 3 -0" to 4 -0" by 1-6" to 1-10"



Chest of Drawers (4-drawer) (D): 2'-8" to 3'-4" by l'-6" to l'-lO"



Chaise Longue: 2'-0" to 2'-4" by 4'-0" to 5'-6"



Bed;



2'-9" to 3'-3" by 6'-2" to 6 -8"



Dressing Table: l'-3" to l'-lO" by 3'-0"



Minimum



34



varies



(C),



Three-quarter



Day



_!L



y



Beds; Single



6’



to 4'-2"



clearances for twin-bed group



6"



k



Residential



BEDROOMS STUDIO COUCHES



Making studio couch



Opening and edging-out space (type tested needed to be out from wall to be opened; some do not)



moved



9-1



-



'



22



1



STUDIO COUCH



CLOSED



o



- 22



75" x 34'



'



^OPENING AND MAKING SPACE i



T j



•o



48'



CLEANING SPACE



16" I



OPENING AND EDGING OUT SPACE



STUDIO COUCH



OPEN



75" x 60"



i



1



22 f



Fig.



12



"



BEDMAKING SPACE 35



;



Residential



BEDROOMS



USE



SPACE



1



^



48



"



Cleaning under bed



(In the drawings, ‘‘limited space” allows space



open



closet door and remove garment space” allows space to open closet door, remove garment, and put it on) to



“liberal



Fig.



36



13



Residential



BEDROOMS 9'-2'



BED-DAVENPORT



M6"-



78" x 36" CLOSED 78" x 36" 78" x 91 OPEN



-16



tn CLEANING I



T



SPACE



I



I



76



Q«„