Goulds Pumps - ITT Manual PDF [PDF]

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eGPM8 Product Sections



1



Chemical Process



4



Double Suction



General process services, mild to severe corrosives, solids handling with minimum degradation, low flow services, elevated temperature liquids, and hazardous fluids.



High capacity pumps designed for water supply in general industrial, process, marine and municipal services.



Goulds Pump Manual contains information on over 60 different Goulds and A-C models, arranged by category in eight product sections (plus a Technical Data Section) for ease of reference and choice of the best pumping solution.



2



Pulp & Paper/Process



5



Multi-Stage



Pulp & paper stock services, high capacity process services, handling fibrous/stringy materials, entrained air, non-abrasive solids and corrosives.



Reliable performance in demanding high pressure services such as boiler feed, cogeneration, booster, and reverse osmosis.



3



API Process



6



Abrasive Slurry / Solids Handling



High temperature and high pressure process pumps for petroleum, heavy duty chemical, and gas industry services.



Fine to large abrasive slurries, corrosives, large solids handling, and wastewater.



Technical Data



7



Vertical Turbine Low to high capacity and low to high head water and process services…vertical turbine pumps in a variety of flexible configurations for clean and corrosive / erosive applications.



8



Performance Solutions Technical Data ® PumpSmart intelligent flow system combines patented control software and a smart VFD to significantly reduce life cycle costs of process pumping. PROsmart™ predictive condition monitoring system allows continuous wireless monitoring of critical parameters affecting rotating equipment performance.



1



Pump fundamentals, application data, water and fluid data, conversion factors, mechanical data, motor data and calculations, and operation and maintenance informatoin.



eGPM8 Table of Contents



1



CHEMICAL PROCESS



Goulds Model



Description



Capacities to GPM (m3/h)



Heads to Feet (m)



Temp. to °F (°C)



SubSect.



METALLIC SEALED



3196



ANSI Chemical Process Pumps



6000 (1360)



730 (220)



700 (370)



CHEM -1A



IC, ICB, ICP, ICV



ISO 5199 Chemical Process Pump for Global Industrial Process Applications



1980 (450)



525 (160)



535 (280)



CHEM -1B



LF 3196



Low Flow ANSI Process Pumps



220 (50)



925 (280)



700 (370)



CHEM -1C



CV 3196



Recessed Impeller Pumps for Non-Clog Solids Handling



1200 (270)



290 (90)



500 (260)



CHEM -1D



3796



Self-Priming Process Pumps



1250 (280)



430 (130)



500 (260)



CHEM -1E



3996



ANSI In-Line Process Pumps



1400 (320)



700 (210)



500 (260)



CHEM -1F



HT 3196



High Temperature Applications in the Chemical Process Ind.



4500 (1023)



925 (282)



700 (372)



CHEM -1G



3196▲



▲



IC



LF 3196▲



CV 3196▲



3796▲



▲



3996



ICB ▲



HT 3196▲



ICP▲



SEALED, NON-METALLIC LINED



4150



ANSI FRP Process Pumps for Corrosive Services



5000 (1130)



490 (150)



212 (100)



CHEM -2A



3198



ANSI Pumps with PFA TEFLON® Lining for Severe Corrosive Serv.



800 (180)



450 (140)



300 (150)



CHEM -2B



4150▲



▲



3198



TEFLON® is a registered trademark of DuPont.



2



Goulds Model



Description



Capacities to GPM (m3/h)



Heads to Feet (m)



Temp. to °F (°C)



SubSect.



MAGNETIC DRIVE - Zero Leakage Services



3296 EZMAG



ANSI Magnetic Drive Process Pumps



700 (160)



440 (130)



425 (218)



CHEM -3A



3298



ANSI ETFE Medium Duty Sealless Pumps for Chemical Services



1200 (270)



530 (162)



250 (120)



CHEM -3B



3299



ANSI Heavy Duty PFA Lined Sealless Pumps for Severe Chemical Services



425 (90)



490 (150)



360 (180)



CHEM -3C



SP 3298



ANSI ETFE SelfPriming Sealless Pumps Designed for Chemical Services



325 (70)



145 (40)



250 (120)



CHEM -3D



ANSI Vertical ETFE Multi Duty Sealless Pump for Chemical Services



325 (70)



3296 EZMAG▲



V 3298



3299▲



V 3298



430 (130)



250 120



▲



CHEM -3E SP 3298 ▲



ICM/ ICMB



ISO Metal Sealless Pump for Chemical & General Services



1700 (400)



685 (210)



360 (180)



CHEM -3F



3171



Vertical Sump Process Pumps



3180 (720)



344 (95)



450 (230)



CHEM -4A



CV 3171



Vertical Sump Process Pumps for Corrosive Slurries



1300 (300)



230 (130)



450 (230)



CHEM -4B



4550



FRP Vertical Sump Process



5000 (1140)



275 (85)



200 (80)



CHEM -4C



SUMP PUMPS ICM ▲



▲



3171



AXIAL FLOW Axial Flow Pumps for Corrosive, Abrasives, Slurries, and Wastes



200000 (35000)



30 (10)



600 (300)



CHEM -5A



4550



▲



▲



AF



3



AF



2



PULP & PAPER / PROCESS



Goulds Model



Description



Capacities to GPM (m3/h)



Heads to Feet (m)



Temp. to °F (°C)



SubSect.



3175



Paper Stock/ High Capacity Process Pumps



28000 (6360)



350 (110)



450 (230)



PP-1A



3180/ 3185



Paper Stock/ Process Pumps



26000 (6000)



410 (130)



446 (230)



PP-1B



3181/ 3186



High Temperature/ High Pressure Paper Stock/Process Pumps



20000 (4600)



410 (130)



508 (300)



PP-1C



3500



Medium Consistency Paper Stock Pump Systems



2000 (1850 ADMTPD)



650 (200)



210 (100)



PP-1D



Capacities to GPM (m3/h)



Heads to Feet (m)



Temp. to °F (°C)



3175▲



3180/3185▲



3181/3186▲



3500▲



Description



SubSect.



3700



High Temperature/ High Pressure API-610 Process Pumps



6500 (1475)



1150 (350)



800 (430)



API-1A



3910



API Vertical Bearing Frame In-Line Process Pumps



7500 (1700)



750 (230)



650 (340)



API-1B



3620



API Single Stage, Between Bearings, Radially Split Process Pumps



20000 (4540)



1500 (460)



850 (460)



API-1C



3640



API Between Bearings, Two-Stage Radially Split Process Pumps



1500 (340)



1400 (430)



850 (460)



API-1D



▲



3700▲



3910



3620



▲



3



API PROCESS



Goulds Model



▲3640



4



Goulds Model



Description



Capacities to GPM (m3/h)



Heads to Feet (m)



Temp. to °F (°C)



SubSect.



3408 3410



Small Capacity Horizontal Split Case, Single Stage, Double Suction Pumps



8000 (1817)



570 (174)



350 (177)



DS-1A



3409



Medium Capacity Horizontal Split Case, Single Stage, Double Suction Pumps



12000 (2725)



850 (259)



250 (120)



DS-1B



3420



Large Capacity Horizontal Split Case, Single Stage, Double Suction Pumps



65000 (14762)



400 (122)



275 (135)



DS-1C



3498



Extra Large Capacity Horizontal Split Case, Single Stage, Double Suction Pumps



225000 (51098)



800 (244)



275 (135)



DS-1D



Capacities to GPM (m3/h)



Heads to Feet (m)



Tempr to °F (°C)



1500 (340)



1640 (500)



280 (140)



3355



Description



Radially Split, Segmented Multi-Stage Pumps



4



▲



3408



3410



▲



Goulds Model



DOUBLE SUCTION



▲



3498



SubSect.



MULTI-STAGE



5



MS-1A



3935 ▲



Radially Split, Segmented Multi-Stage Pumps



1200 (270)



5400 (1650)



374 (190)



MS-1B



3600



Heavy Duty, Axially Split Multi-Stage Pumps



2600 (590)



5500 (1680)



400 (200)



MS-1C



Low Flow / High Head Diffuser Type Multi-Stage Pumps



280 (60)



2500 (760)



400 (200)



MS-1D



▲



3935



3600



▲



3311



3316



3316



Two-Stage, Horizontally Split Case Pumps



3000 (680)



1000 (300)



350 (180)



5



MS-1E



6



ABRASIVE SLURRY/SOLIDS HANDLING



Goulds Model



Description



Capacities to GPM (m3/h)



Heads to Feet (m)



Temp. to °F (°C)



SubSect.



SRL SRL-C SRL-XT



Single Stage Elastomer/ Rubber Lined Pumps for Corrosive/Abrasive Slurries Solids to 2 3¼4 in. (70 mm)



20,000 (4600)



140 (40)



300 (150)



AS-1A



JC



Medium Duty Slurry Pumps for Corrosive/Abrasive Slurries Solids to 21/4 in. (57 mm)



7000 (1600)



240 (70)



250 (120)



AS-1B



5500



Severe Duty Abrasive Slurry Pumps Solids to 5 in. (127 mm)



17,000 (3860)



430 (140)



250 (120)



AS-1C



CW



Single Stage Severe Duty Abrasive Slurry Pumps Solids to 5 in. (125 mm)



12,000 (2730)



300 (90)



200 (90)



AS-1D



CWX



Single Stage Severe Duty Abrasive Slurry Pumps with SHEARPELLER™ Solids to 4.5 in. (114 mm)



5000 (1140)



350 (110)



200 (90)



AS-1E



HS



Recessed Impeller Non-Clog Pumps For Large Solids, Corrosives, Abrasives Solids to 10 in. (254 mm)



7000 (1590)



140 (40)



200 (90)



AS-1F



WhirlFlo®



Vortex Slurry Pumps Solids to 6 in. (152 mm)



2000 (500)



220 (70)



200 (100)



AS-1G



6000 (1360)



140 (40)



225 (110)



AS-1H



SRL ▲



JC▲



▲



5500▲



HS



Whirl-Flo ▲



Trash Hog ®



Solids Handling Self-Priming Pumps Solids to 3 in. (76 mm)



Trash Hog ▲



6



Goulds Model



Description



RX/ RXA



Side Suction Abrasive Slurry Pumps



Capacities to GPM (m3/h)



7500 (1700)



Heads to Feet (m)



350 (107)



Temp. to °F (°C)



300 (206)



SubSect.



AS-1I



Solids to 33/8 in. (86 mm)



5150



Vertical Cantilever Pumps for Large Solids and Abrasive Slurries Solids to 10 in. (254 mm)



7500 (1700)



240 (70)



200 (90)



AS-1K



HSU HSUL JCU



Submersible Pumps for Large, Fibrous Solids, Abrasive Slurries Solids to 6 in. (152 mm)



4000 (910)



220 (70)



190 (90)



AS-1L



NSW



Horizontal-Vertical Non-Clog Pumps Solids to 6.38 in. (162 mm)



9000 (2040)



280 (80)



— —



AS-1M



HSU



NSW ▲



NSX



Horizontal-Vertical SHEARPELLER™ Pumps



4,000 (910)



100 (30)



— —



AS-1N



Solids to 5.31 in. (135 mm) NSX▲



NSY



Horizontal-Vertical Mixed Flow Pumps Solids to 9 in. (229 mm)



23,000 (5220)



90 (30)



— —



AS-1O



NSY▲



Single Suction Dry Pit Pumps



110,000 (25000)



200 (60)



200 (90)



AS-1P ▲



WSY SSE SSF



Solids to 13.25 in. (336 mm)



7



WSY



▲



VHS VJC 5150



▲



▲



RX



VERTICAL TURBINE & DRY PIT



7 ▲



VIC



▲



VIT



WMCC▲



8



Goulds Model



Capacities to GPM (m3/h)



Description



Heads to Feet (m)



Temp. to °F (°C)



SubSect.



GOULDS VERTICAL TURBINE PUMPS



VIT



Vertical Industrial Turbine Pumps Designed to Meet Wide Range of Hydraulic Requirements & Custom Specifications of the User



60000 (13630)



3500 (1070)



450 (230)



VT-1A



VIC VICAPI



Vertical Industrial Can-Type Pumps



80000 (18170)



3500 (1070)



700 (370)



VT-1A



VIS



Vertical Industrial Submersible Pumps



8000 (1820)



1400 (430)



—



VT-1A



WCAX YDD WCA WCB WMCC WMCE



Vertical Wet Pit Column Pumps



500000 (114000)



600 (190)



150 (65)



VT-1B



Capacities to GPM (m3/h)



Heads to Feet (m)



Temp. to °F (°C)



VIS▲



PERFORMANCE SOLUTIONS



Goulds Model



Description



Pump-® Smart



Process Control Systems



PROsmart™



Predictive Condition Monitoring



8



SubSect.



4400 (1000)



490 (150)



350 (180)



PCS-1A



—



—



—



—



Table of Contents



Technical Data Section



TECH-A



Centrifugal Pump Fundamentals



TECH-B



Pump Application Guide



TECH-C



Water Data



TECH-D



Properties of Liquids



TECH-E



Paper Stock



TECH-F



Mechanical Data



TECH-G



Motor Data



TECH-H



Conversion Factors and Engineering Data



TECH-I



Pump Operation and Maintenance



TECH-J



Misc. Pump Information



The information in this section is, to the best of our knowledge, reliable. However, the data presented are not to be construed as a warranty or representation.



TECH-A-1 TECH-A-2 TECH-A-3 TECH-A-4 TECH-A-5 TECH-A-6 TECH-A-7 TECH-A-8 TECH-A-9 TECH-A-10 TECH-B-1 TECH-B-2 TECH-B-3 TECH-B-4A TECH-B-4B TECH-B-5 TECH-B-6 TECH-B-7 TECH-B-8 TECH-B-9 TECH-C-1 TECH-C-2 TECH-C-3 TECH-C-4 TECH-C-5 TECH-C-6 TECH-C-7 TECH-C-8 TECH-D-1 TECH-D-2 TECH-D-3 TECH-D-4 TECH-D-5A TECH-D-5B TECH-D-6 TECH-D-7 TECH-D-8 TECH-D-9A,B TECH-E-1 TECH-E-2 TECH-E-2.1 TECH-E-3 TECH-E-4



Head.............................................................................................1225 Capacity .......................................................................................1226 Power and Efficiency ..................................................................1227 Specific Speed and Pump Type ...................................................1228 Net Positive Suction Head ...........................................................1228 NPSH and Suction Specific Speed and Suction Energy..............1230 Pump Characteristic Curves ........................................................1231 Affinity Laws .................................................................................1233 System Curves.............................................................................1234 Basic Formulas and Symbols ......................................................1236 Corrosion and Materials of Construction .....................................1237 Material Selection Chart ..............................................................1238 Piping Design ...............................................................................1243 Sealing .........................................................................................1250 Magnetic Drive Pumps ................................................................1262 Field Testing Methods ..................................................................1265 Vibration Analysis .........................................................................1268 Vertical Turbine Pumps ................................................................1269 Self-Priming Pump System Guidelines ........................................1272 Priming Time Calculations............................................................1273 Friction Loss for Water — Schedule 40 Steel Pipe......................1274 Resistance Coefficients for Valves and Fittings ...........................1278 Resistance Coefficients for Increasers and Diffusers ..................1280 Resistance Coefficients for Reducers ..........................................1280 Properties of Water at Various Temperatures ..............................1281 Atmos. Press., Bar. Read. & Boiling Pt. of Water at Var. Altitudes .....1282 Steam Data — Saturation: Temperatures ...................................1283 Steam Data — Saturation: Pressures.........................................1284 Viscosity .......................................................................................1285 Viscosity Conversion Table ..........................................................1286 Pump Performance and Viscous Liquids .....................................1288 Viscosity Corrections Chart..........................................................1290 Viscosity of Common Liquids .......................................................1292 Physical Properties of Common Liquids ......................................1295 Friction Loss for Viscous Liquids .................................................1298 Pumping Liquids with Entrained Gas ...........................................1299 Solids and Slurries/Slurry Pump Application Guide .....................1300 Vapor Pressure — Various Liquids ..............................................1310 Paper Stock Discussion ...............................................................1312 Conversion Chart of Mill Output in TPD.......................................1313 Definition/Conversion Factors ......................................................1313 Friction Loss of Pulp Suspensions in Pipe ..................................1314 Pump Types Used in the Pulp & Paper Industry .........................1321



TECH-F-1 TECH-F-2 TECH-F-3 TECH-F-4 TECH-F-5 TECH-F-6 TECH-F-7 TECH-F-8 TECH-G-1 TECH-G-2 TECH-G-3 TECH-G-4 TECH-G-5 TECH-G-6 TECH-G-7 TECH-G-8 TECH-G-9 TECH-G-10 TECH-H-1 TECH-H-2 TECH-H-3 TECH-H-4 TECH-H-5 TECH-H-6 TECH-H-7 TECH-H-8 TECH-I-1 TECH-I-2 TECH-I-3 TECH-I-4 TECH-I-5 TECH-I-6 TECH-I-7 TECH-I-8 TECH-I-9 TECH-I-10 TECH-I-11 TECH-I-12 TECH-J-1 TECH-J-2 TECH-J-3 TECH-J-4



Cast Iron Pipe, Dimensions and Weights ....................................1322 Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings ..............................1323 Steel Pipe, Dimensions and Weights ...........................................1324 Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings .....................................1325 150 Lb. ANSI/Metric Flange Comparison.....................................1326 300 Lb. ANSI/Metric Flange Comparison.....................................1327 Well Casings, Dimensions and Weights ......................................1328 Capacities of Tanks of Various Dimensions .................................1329 Motor Enclosures .........................................................................1331 NEMA Frame Assignments ..........................................................1331 NEMA Frame Dimensions............................................................1332 Synchronous Motor Speeds .........................................................1333 Full Load Motor Current ...............................................................1333 Motor Terms .................................................................................1334 Electrical Conversion Formulae ...................................................1334 Vertical Motors .............................................................................1335 I.E.C. Motor Frames.....................................................................1337 TEFC IP55 Metric I.E.C. Motors (NEMA to metric)......................1339 Temperature Conversion Chart ....................................................1340 API and Baume Gravity Tables and Weight Factors....................1341 Hardness Conversion Table .........................................................1342 Miscellaneous Conversion Factors ..............................................1342 Quick Convert Tables ...................................................................1348 Conversion Chart — GPM to BPD...............................................1349 Decimal and Millimeter Equivalents of Fractions .........................1349 Atmospheric Pressures and Barometric Readings ......................1350 Pump Safety Tips .........................................................................1351 PRO Services™ Centers .............................................................1351 Symptoms and Causes of Hydraulic and Mechanical Failure .....1352 Troubleshooting Centrifugal Pumps .............................................1353 Abrasive Slurries and Pump Wear...............................................1354 Start-up and Shut-off Procedure for Mag Drive Pumps ...............1355 Raised Face and Flat Face Flanges............................................1356 Air in Pumps.................................................................................1357 Ball Bearings ................................................................................1357 Impeller Clearance .......................................................................1358 Predictive and Preventive Maintenance.......................................1358 Field Alignment.............................................................................1360 Safe Operation of Magnetic Drive Pumps ...................................1363 Dry Run Bearings ........................................................................1364 Centrifugal Pump Operation without NPSH Problems.................1365 Fluoropolymers in Chemical Plant Construction ..........................1368



9



Index



Pump Type/Application Pump Type/Application



Goulds Models



Abrasive Slurry



AF, CV 3171, HS, HSU, HSUL, JC, Whirl-Flo



Light to Medium Duty Heavy Duty



5150, 5500, AF, CKX, CW, CWX, JCU, SRL, SRL-C, SRL-XT, VJC



ANSI (Dimension)



3196, LF 3196, NM 3196, 3198, 3296, 3298, 3299, 3996, V 3298



API



3600, 3620, 3640, 3700, 3710, 3910, VIC-API



Axial Flow



AF, VAF



Close-Coupled



3298, 3299, V 3298, SP 3298, ICMB, ICB



Double Suction



3408, 3409, 3410, 3415, 3420, 3498, 3620



Fan Pumps



(See Double Suction)



Fire Pumps



3408, 3409, 3410, 3415, VIT



High Capacity (Process)



3175, 3180/85, 3181, 3186, AF



High Pressure (Heads 1000 feet [305 m] and greater)



3310H, 3316, 3335, 3355, 3620, 3640, 3600, 3700, 3935, VIC, VIT



High Temperature (500° F [260° C]) and greater)



3181/86, 3196, HT 3196, LF 3196, CV 3196, 3296, 3620, 3640, 3700/3710, 3796, 3910, 3996, ICMP, VIT, VIC



In-line



V 3298, 3910, 3996



ISO (Dimension)



IC, ICB, ICM, ICMB, ICP, ICV



Lined



3198, 3298, SP 3298, V 3298, 3299, ICM



Low Flow



LF 3196, 3935



Magnetic Drive



3296, 3298, SP 3298, V 3298, 3299, ICM



Mining



3408, 3409, 3410, 3196, 3298, 3180, 5500, 5150, AF, CW, CWX, IC, JC, JCU, HS, HSU, HSUL, SRL, SRL-C, SRL-XT, Trash Hog, VIC, VIS, VIT-FF, VHS, VJC



Mixed Flow



VMF



Multi-Stage



3310H, 3316, 3335, 3355, 3600, 3640, 3935



Non-Clog



(Also See Recessed Impeller), NSW, NSX, NSY, SSE, SSF, WSY



Non-Metallic



4150, 4550, 3198, 3298, SP 3298, V 3298, 3299



10



Pump Type / Application Pump Type/Application



Goulds Models



Paper Stock



3175, 3180/85, 3181/86, 3500



Performance Solutions



PumpSmart ® , PROsmart™



Recessed Impeller (Vortex)



CV 3171, CV 3196, HS, HSU, HSUL, VHS, Whirl-Flo



Sealless



(See Magnetic Drive) 3171, CV 3171, 4550



Self-Priming



SP 3298, 3796, Trash Hog



Sewage and Sludge



CV 3171, HS, HSU, HSUL, NSW, NSX, NSY, SSE, SSF, Trash Hog, VHS, WSY



Slurry



(See Abrasive Slurry)



Solids Handling (Large Non-Abrasive)



CV 3171, 3175, 3180/85, 3181/86, CV 3196, 3500, CWX, HS, HSU, HSUL, VHS, Whirl-Flo



Submersible



VIS (See Sump)



Sump (Submersible)



HSU, HSUL, JCU



Vertical Cantilever



5150, VHS, VJC



Vertical Dry Pit



3171, 3408, 3409, HSD, NSSEV, NSSFV, NSWV, NSXV, NSYV, VJCD



Vertical (Non-Metallic)



4550



Vertical (Submerged Bearing)



3171, CV 3171, 4550



Vertical Sump



3171, CV 3171, 4550, 5150, VJC, VHS



Vertical Turbine



VAF, VIC, VIC-API, VIT, VIS, VMF, WCAX, WCA, WCB, WMCC, WMCE, YDD



Vertically-Mounted Double Suction



3408, 3409, 3410(v), 3498



Water Pumps (General Service)



3171, 3196, 3408, 3409, 3410, 3420, 3498, IC, ICB, ICM, ICMB



Water Pumps (High Capacity)



3408, 3409, 3410, 3420, 3498, AF



11



Model Number / Page Number Index Goulds Model 3171 Vertical Sump Process Pump 3175 Paper Stock / High Capacity Process Pumps 3180 Paper Stock / Process Pumps 3181 High Temperature/ High Pressure Paper Stock / Process Pumps 3185 Paper Stock / Process Pumps 3186 High Temperature / High Pressure Paper Stock / Process Pumps 3196 ANSI Chemical Process Pumps 3198 ANSI Pumps with PFA Teflon® Lining for Severe Corrosive Services 3296 EZMAG ANSI Metal Magnetic Drive Process Pumps for Zero Leakage Services 3298 ANSI EFTE Multi-Duty Sealless Pumps for Chemical Services 3299 ANSI Heavy Duty PFA Lined Sealless Pumps for Chemical Services 3311 Radially Split, Segmented Multi-Stage Pumps 3316 Two-Stage, Horizontally Split Case Pumps 3355 Multi-Stage Pumps 3408 High Capacity, Single Stage Double Suction Pumps 3409 High Capacity, Single Stage Double Suction Pumps 3410 Single Stage Double Suction Pumps 3420 High Capacity Single Stage Double Suction Pumps 3498 High Capacity Single Stage Double Suction Pumps 3500 Medium Consistency Paper Stock Pump Systems 3600 Heavy Duty Axially Split Multi-Stage Pumps 3620 API Single Stage, Between Bearings, Radially Split Process Pumps 3640 API Between Bearings, Two-Stage Radially Split Process 3700 High Temperature / High Pressure API-610 Process Pumps 3796 Self-Priming Process Pumps for a Range of Industry Services



Section CHEM-4A PP-1A PP-1B PP-1C



PP-1B PP-1C



CHEM-1A CHEM-2B



CHEM-3A



CHEM-3B



CHEM-3C



MS-1B MS-1E MS-1A DS-1A DS-1B DS-1A DS-1C DS-1D PP-1D MS-1C API-1C



API-1D



API-1A



CHEM-1E



Goulds Model 3910 API Vertical Bearing Frame In-Line Process Pumps 3935 Low Flow / High Head Diffuser Type Multi-Stage Pumps 3996 ANSI In-Line Process Pumps 5150 Vertical Cantilever Pumps for Extremely Abrasive Slurries 5500 Severe Duty Abrasive Slurry Pumps AF Axial Flow Pumps for Corrosive, Abrasives, Slurries, and Wastes CV 3171 Vertical Sump Process Pumps for Non-Clog Solids Handling CV 3196 Recessed Impeller Pumps for Non-Clog Solids Handling CW Single Stage Abrasive Slurry Pumps CWX Single Stage Abrasive Slurry Pumps with SHEARPELLER™ HS Recessed Impeller Non-Clog Pumps for Large Solids, Corrosives, Abrasives HSU Submersible Pumps with Agitator for Abrasive Solids HSUL Submersible Pumps with Agitator for Abrasive Solids HT 3196 High Temperature Applications in the Chemical Process Industry IC, ICB, ICP, ICV ISO 5199 Chemical Process Pumps for Global Industrial Process Applications ICM/ICMB ISO 5199 / ISO 15783 Sealless Chemical Process Pumps Designed for Global Process Applications JC Medium Duty Slurry Pumps for Corrosive / Abrasive Slurries JCU Submersible Pumps for Abrasive Solids LF 3196 Low Flow ANSI Process Pumps 4550 FRP Vertical Sump Process Pumps Designed for Severe Corrosive Services 4150 ANSI FRP Process Pumps for Corrosive Services NSW Horizontal-Vertical Non-Clog Pumps NSX Horizontal-Vertical SHEARPELLER™ Pumps



12



Section API-1B



MS-1D



CHEM-1F AS-1K



AS-1C CHEM-5A



CHEM-4B



CHEM-1D



AS-1D AS-1E



AS-1F



AS-1L AS-1L CHEM-1G



CHEM-1B



CHEM-3F



AS-1B



AS-1L CHEM-1C CHEM-4C



CHEM-2A AS-1M AS-1N



Model Number / Page Number Index Goulds Model NSY Horizontal-Vertical Mixed Flow Pumps PumpSmart® Process Control Systems RX/RXA Side Suction, Abrasive Slurry Pumps SP 3298 ETFE Self-Priming Sealless Pumps Designed for Chemical Services SRL Single Stage Rubber Lined Pumps for Corrosive/ Abrasive Slurries SRL-C Single Stage Thick Rubber Lined Pumps for Corrosive/Abrasive Slurries SRL-XT Single Stage Rubber Lined Pumps for Corrosive/ Abrasive Slurries SSE Dry Pit Pumps SSF Dry Pit Pumps Trash Hog® Solids Handling Self-Priming Pumps V 3298 ANSI Vertical ETFE Multi-Duty Sealless Pumps for Chemical Services VHS Vertical Cantilever Pumps for Large Solids, Abrasive Slurries



Section AS-1O PCS-1A AS-1I CHEM-3D



AS-1A



AS-1A



AS-1A



AS-1P AS-1P AS-1H CHEM-3E



Goulds Model VIC Vertical Industrial Can Type Pumps VIS Vertical Industrial Submersible Pumps VIT Vertical Industrial Turbine Pumps Designed to Meet Wide Range of Hydraulic Requirements and Custom Specifications of the User VJC Vertical Cantilever Pumps for Large Solids, Abrasive Slurries WCA Vertical Column Pumps WCAX Vertical Column Pumps WCB Vertical Column Pumps Whirl-Flo Vortex Slurry Pumps WMCC Vertical Column Pumps WMCE Vertical Column Pumps WSY Dry Pit Pumps YDD Vertical Column Pumps



AS-1K



13



Section VT-1A VT-1A VT-1A



AS-1K



VT-1B VT-1B VT-1B AS-1G VT-1B VT-1B AS-1P VT-1B



NOTES



14



CHEMICAL PROCESS



1



© 2006



Goulds Model 3196



Model 3196 STX



Chemical Process Pumps Designed for Total Range of Industry Services



TOTAL HEAD–FEET (METERS)



5 ANSI Pumps



„ „ „ „



725 (221)



0 0



1700 (386) CAPACITY–GPM (m 3/h)



Model 3196 MTX



TOTAL HEAD–FEET (METERS)



15 ANSI Pumps



Outstanding Features for Outstanding Performance Extended Pump Life • X-Series Power Ends • Patented TaperBoreTM PLUS Seal Chamber • BigBoreTM Seal Chambers • ANSI PLUS ™ Features



325 (99)



Ease of Maintenance • Back Pull-out Design • External Impeller Adjustment • Maximum Interchangeability • Optional C-Face Motor Adapter



0 0



425 (97) CAPACITY–GPM (m 3/h)



Model 3196 XLT-X



Optimum Hydraulic Performance • Fully Open Impeller • Full 50/60 Hz Coverage • 29 Sizes • Computerized Pump Selection Safety • ANSI B15.1 Coupling Guard • Ductile Iron Frame Adapter • Optional Shaft Guard



9 ANSI Pumps



TOTAL HEAD–FEET (METERS)



Capacities to 7000 GPM (1364 m3/h) Heads to 730 feet (223 m) Temperatures to 700°F (371° C) Pressures to 375 PSIG (2586 kPa)



Proven Performance



310 (96)



Every day in over 600,000 installations, the Goulds 3196 ASME/ANSI (B73.1M) process pump proves why it’s the industry standard for performance. Users in chemical, petrochemical, pulp & paper, primary metals, food & beverage and general industries know they can make no better choice than the best.



0 0



600 (136)



6000 (1363)



CAPACITY–GPM (m 3/h)



15



CHEM-1A



Model 3196 Chemical Process Pumps



Heavy Duty Design Features for Total Range of Process Services HEAVY DUTY SHAFT AND BEARINGS



MOUNTING FLANGE



Rigid shaft designed for minimum deflection at seal faces—less than 0.002 in. (.05 mm). Bearings sized for 10-year average life under tough operating conditions. Available with or without shaft sleeve.



Supports optional C-face motor adapter; accommodates standard ANSI coupling guard.



DUCTILE IRON FRAME ADAPTER Material strength equal to carbon steel for safety and reliability.



CASING • Bonus casing thickness: Class 150 pumps feature Class 300 wall thickness as standard; increased reliability and maximized casing life. • Top centerline discharge for air handling, self-venting. • Back pull-out design for ease of maintenance. • Integral casing feet prevent pipe load misalignment— maximized seal and bearing life. • Serrated flanges standard for positive sealing against leakage. Meets ANSI B16.5 requirements. Class 150 FF flanges standard, optional Class 150 RF, 300 FF/RF.



INPRO® VBXX-D® LABYRINTH SEALS STANDARD Prevents premature bearing failure caused by lubricant contamination or loss of oil. Bearings run cooler and last longer.



CONTINUOUS PERFORMANCE Original flow, pressure and efficiency are maintained by simple external adjustment resulting in long-term energy and repair parts savings.



ONE-INCH BULLS EYE SIGHT GLASS Assures proper oil level critical to bearing life. Bottle oiler optional.



FULLY OPEN IMPELLER



X-SERIES POWER END



Acknowledged best design for CPI services—solids handling, stringy material, corrosives, abrasives. Two times the wear area of closed type impellers for longer life. Back pump-out vanes reduce radial thrust loads and seal chamber pressure.



Designed for reliability, extended pump life backed with a 3-year, material and workmanshipl warranty.



EXTRA LARGE OIL SUMP CAPACITY Increased oil capacity provides better heat transfer for reduced oil temperature. Bearings run cooler and last longer.



MAGNETIC DRAIN PLUG Standard magnetic drain plug helps protect bearings and prolong life.



CHEM-1A



SEALING FLEXIBILITY POSITIVE SEALING Fully confined gasket at casing joint protects alignment fit from liquid, makes disassembly easier.



Wide range of sealing arrangements available to meet service conditions. Engineered seal chambers improve RIGID FRAME (AND lubrication and heat removal (cooling) CASING) FEET of seal faces for extended seal life and Reduce effects of pipe loads on pump uptime. shaft alignment; pump vibration reduced.



16



Before Selecting A Chemical Process Pump... Extended Pump Performance In order to select a chemical process pump wisely, consideration must be given to design features that provide long-term reliable performance. The pump must be designed for optimum shaft seal and bearing life to prevent the failure of these two primary causes of pump downtime.



Four Design Features For Long Pump Life C



A



IMPELLER Must be designed for long-term, maintainable performance and minimum hydraulic loads for maximum reliability.



B



SEAL CHAMBER Must be designed for favorable seal environment—proper heat dissipation and lubrication of seal faces. The design must also be able to handle tough services: liquids containing solids, air or vapors.



C



POWER END



B



A



D



Must be designed for optimum bearing life, effective oil cooling, minimum shaft deflection. An engineered bearing environment is the key to extended bearing life.



D



BASEPLATE Must be rigid, and able to withstand forces and moments of plant piping systems.



FULLY OPEN IMPELLER Best design for the Chemical Process Industries services. Ideally suited for corrosives and abrasives, handles solids and stringy fibers with ease. Allows for simple restoration of clearances when wear takes place. Back pump-out vanes reduce pressure on the shaft seal, reduce axial thrust on the bearings.



ENGINEERED SEAL CHAMBERS



X-SERIES POWER ENDS



BigBoreTM and patented TaperBoreTM PLUS seal chambers allow seals to run cooler with better face lubrication. Keep solids, air and vapors away from the seal faces for extended seal life.



Best design for reliability, extended pump life. Increased L10 bearing life 90% to 140%. Reduced oil operating temperature of 30° F (16° C). Three-year Goulds reliability guarantee.



PUMP MOUNTING SYSTEM Critical for reliability. . .rigid baseplate prevents distortion, maintaining pump/motor alignment; corrosion resistant in severe environments. Designed for low vibration and to withstand pipe loads. Meets total range of plant requirements, easier installation and maintenance.



Total Cost Of Ownership Consider the fact that over a 20-year ANSI pump life, 95% of the total costs are maintenance, operation and installation. Only 5% is the initial pump purchase cost. Select a process pump that maximizes reliability (low maintenance cost), has long-term maintainable hydraulic performance (low operating cost) and is installed on a rigid baseplate.



17



CHEM-1A



Construction Details All dimensions in inches and (mm). STX Diameter at Impeller



MTX



LTX



XLT-X



.75



(19)



1



(25)



1.25



(32)



1.5



(38)



(Less Sleeve)



1.375



(35)



1.75



(45)



2.125



(54)



2.5



(64)



(With Sleeve)



1.125



(29)



1.5



(38)



1.875



(48)



2



1.5



(38)



2.125



(54)



2.5



(64)



3.125



(79)



.875



(22)



1.125



(29)



1.875



(48)



2.375



(60)



6.125



(156)



8.375



(213)



8.375



(213)



9.969



(253)



Diameter in Stuffing Box/Seal Chamber Shaft



Diameter Between Bearings Diameter at Coupling Overhang Maximum Shaft Deflection Shaft Deflection Index (L3/D4)



Sleeve



0.002 (0.05)



(With Sleeve)



143



116



48



(Less Sleeve)



64



63



29



O.D. thru Stuffing Box/Seal Chamber



Bearings



1.375



(35)



1.75



2.125



25



(54)



2.5



(64)*



SKF 6207



SKF 6309



SKF 6311



SKF 6313



Thrust



SKF 5306 A/C3



SKF 5309 A/C3



SKF 7310 BECBM



SKF 5313 A/C3



4.125



(105)



6.75



Average L'10 Bearing Life BigBore™ Seal Chamber



Bore



Stuffing Box



Bore



Power Limits



HP (kW) per 100 RPM



Casing



(45)



62



Radial Bearing Span



Maximum Liquid Temperature



(51)*



(171)



6.875



(164)



9.25



(235)



50,000 Hours 2.875



(73)



3.5



(89)



3.875



(98)



4.75



(120)*



2



(51)



2.5



(64)



2.875



(73)



3.3



(86)*



1.1



(.82)



3.4



(2.6)



5.6



(4.2)



14



(10.5)**



Maximum Liquid Temperature — Oil/Grease Lubrication without Cooling



350° F (177° C)



Maximum Liquid Temperature — Oil Lubrication with High Temp. Option



700°F (370° C)



Corrosion Allowance



.125 (3)



*17 inch sizes have 2¼ inch (57) shaft diameters in stuffing box/seal chamber with sleeve. Shaft sleeve O.D. is 23/4 inches (70) for packing and 21/2 inches (64) for mechanical seals. Seal chamber bore is 43/4 inches (121). Stuffing box bore is 35/8 inches (92). **17 inch sizes power limit per 100 RPM is 20HP (15kW).



Design Features for Extended MTBF Component



Feature



Benefit



A Shaft



Optimum overhang vs diameter.



Low deflection (less than .002 in.) at seal faces for longer seal and bearing life.



B Bearings



Optimized size and configuration.



Provide 10-year average bearing life within design operational range.



C Oil Seals



INPRO® labyrinth seals.



Prevent primary cause of premature bearing failure—lubricant contamination. Also prevent loss of oil.



Larger oil sump.



Bearings run cooler, last longer.



Frame foot.



Rigid design reduces effects of pipe loads on pump/motor shaft alignment. Bearings and seals last longer.



One-inch oil sight glass.



Allows maintenance of proper oil level.



Mounting flange.



Allows use of C-Face adapter for factory alignment; eliminates possibility of field misalignment.



Condition monitoring sites.



Allow use of temperature/vibration sensors for predictive maintenance.



Pre-drilled lubrication ports.



Provide lubrication flexibility. Easy conversion to flood oil lubrication, grease, oil mist as conditions require.



Extra corrosion allowance.



Bonus thickness—Class 150 pumps feature Class 300 wall thickness—longer life under corrosive/erosive conditions.



Heavy duty design.



Superior resistance to pipe loads. Available with Class 150 or 300 flanges.



D Bearing Frame



Power End



E Casing



Best design for handling corrosives, erosives and stringy material.



Fully open design. F Impeller



Liquid End



CHEM-1A



Two times wear area of enclosed impeller.



Back pump-out vanes.



Reduces positive stuffing box/seal chamber pressure.



Balancing to ISO 1940 Standards.



Reduced vibration extends seal and bearing life.



Impeller O-ring.



Protects threaded area against corrosion. Improved lubrication and cooling of seal faces extend mechanical seal life.



G Seal Chamber



Enlarged (BigBore™ and TaperBore™ PLUS) bores designed specifically for mechanical seals.



H High Performance Gland



Tangential flush connections.



Prevent solids impingement on seal faces.



Metal-to-metal fit with seal chamber.



Assures concentricity and perpendicularity for extended seal life.



Accommodate larger diameter mechanical seals allowing use of “new generation” seal designs.



*E.I. DuPont reg. trademark



18



X-Series Power Ends Lubrication Flexibility



Goulds X-Series Power Ends are designed for any lubrication system of user preference. Choice of flood oil, oil mist, grease lubrication. ANSI PLUS TM sealed power end with magnetic oil seals available as an option. Pre-drilling at factory allows easy field conversion (flood oil to oil mist back to flood oil lubrication) without modifying parts. Flexible design accommodates oil mist configurations to meet users practices. ANSI PLUS TM SEALED POWER END



MTX POWER END WITH OIL MIST MAGNETIC OIL SEALS



GREASE LUBRICATION



LTX Power End



For High Load Applications Although Goulds X-Series Power Ends are designed for tough conditions, some applications push a power end beyond ANSI design limits. Three examples are: 1) a pump is operated at reduced flows, 2) pumping high specific-gravity liquids, 3) overhung belt drive



applications. These cause excessive loads which result in increased shaft deflection. This leads to premature bearing and seal failure. Goulds ANSI PLUSTM LTX Power End is a practical solution. An oversized shaft and bearing assembly significantly expands the limits for long, trouble-free bearing and seal life.



OVERSIZED SHAFT Minimizes shaft deflection, extends seal life. BHP limit extended to 200 HP (149 kW).



DUPLEX THRUST BEARINGS Ideally sized for high-load applications. Standard on LTX.



FLINGER/CHANNEL OIL LUBRICATION SYSTEM Directs oil to thrust bearings for efficient cooling, improved lubrication.



19



CHEM-1A



Goulds X-Series Power Ends Designed for Reliability, Extended Pump Life



Standard performance features extend pump life. Goulds backs reliability with a three-year unconditional warranty. X-Series power ends are interchangeable with 7 different Goulds models: 3196 (CHEM-1A), LF 3196 (CHEM-1C), CV 3196 (CHEM-1D), 3796 (CHEM-1E), 3996 (CHEM-1F), NM 3196 (CHEM-2A) and 3198 (CHEM-2B). INPRO® VBXXD® LABYRINTH OIL SEALS Goulds X-Series power ends come standard with INPRO® VBXX-D® Isolators for maximum protection against contaminants. The VBXX-D is a metallic isolator offering the latest in labyrinth design innovations like the VBX® o-ring for positive sealing in a static condition, as well as the “D-groove”® design which dramatically increases lubrication retention compared to traditional labyrinth designs. The seals are non-contacting and do not wear.



EXTRA LARGE OIL SUMP Large oil capacity provides optimum heat transfer for cooler running bearings.



SHAFT/BEARINGS ASSEMBLY Shaft designed for minimum deflection for long seal and bearing life. Bearings sized for optimum life. Duplex thrust bearings optional.



LARGE OIL SIGHT GLASS Allows for viewing condition and level of oil—critical for bearing life. Frame pre-drilled for optional bottle oiler.



RIGID FRAME FOOT Reduces effect of pipe loads on shaft alignment. Pump/driver alignment is better maintained for extended bearing and seal life.



CONDITION MONITORING SITES Allow easy and consistent monitoring of temperature and vibration for preventive maintenance. Optional installation of sensors.



C-FACE ADAPTER X-Series Power Ends accommodate optional C-Face motor adapter— simplifies pump/motor alignment.



*E.I. DuPont reg. trademark



CHEM-1A



20



Parts List and Materials of Construction Material Item Number



Part Name



Ductile Iron



316SS



CD4MCu



Alloy 20



Monel



Nickel



Hastelloy B&C



Titanium



100 101



Casing



Ductile Iron



316SS



CD4MCu



Alloy 20



Monel



Nickel



Hastelloy



Titanium



Impeller



Ductile Iron



316SS



CD4MCu



Alloy 20



Monel



Nickel



Hastelloy



105



Lantern Ring



Titanium



106



Stuffing Box Packing



108



Frame Adapter



Ductile Iron



112A



Thrust Bearing



Double Row Angular Contact**



122



Shaft—Less Sleeve (Optional)



122



Shaft—With Sleeve



Hastelloy



Titanium



126



Shaft Sleeve



136



Bearing Locknut and Lockwasher



168A



Radial Bearing



184



Stuffing Box Cover (Packed Box)



Ductile Iron



316SS



CD4MCu



Alloy 20



Monel



Nickel



Hastelloy



Titanium



184



Seal Chamber (Mechanical Seal)



Ductile Iron



316SS



CD4MCu



Alloy 20



Monel



Nickel



Hastelloy



Titanium



228



Bearing Frame



250



Gland



262



Repeller/Sleeve (Dynamic Seal Option)



Glass-Filled TEFLON* TEFLON* Impregnated Fibers



SAE4140



316SS



Alloy 20



Monel



Nickel



SAE4140



316SS



316SS



Alloy 20



Monel



Nickel



Hastelloy



Titanium



Steel Single Row Deep Groove



Cast Iron (Ductile Iron for STX Group) 316SS



Alloy 20



CD4MCu



Alloy 20



Monel



Nickel



Hastelloy



Titanium



Monel



Nickel



Hastelloy



Titanium



Nickel



Hastelloy



Titanium



Nickel



Hastelloy



Titanium



264



Gasket, Cover-to-Backplate (Dynamic Seal)



370H



Stud/Nut, Cover-to-Adapter



TEFLON*



319



Oil Sight Glass



332A



Labyrinth Oil Seal (Outboard)



Bronze (ASTM B50596)



333A



Labyrinth Oil Seal (Inboard)



Bronze (ASTM B50596)



351



Casing Gasket



358



Casing Drain Plug (Optional)



360F



Gasket, Frame-to-Adapter



Cellulose Fiber with Binder



360C



Gasket, Bearing End Cover



Cellulose Fiber with Binder



370



Cap Screw, Adapter-to-Casing



412A



O-ring, Impeller



418



Jacking Bolt



444



Backplate (Dynamic Seal Option)



469B



Dowel Pin, Frame-to-Adapter



496



O-ring, Bearing Housing



304SS Glass/Steel



Aramid Fiber with EPDM Rubber Steel



316SS



Alloy 20



Monel



Steel Glass-Filled TEFLON* 304SS Ductile Iron



316SS



CD4MCu



Alloy 20



Monel



Steel Buna Rubber



*E.I. DuPont reg. trademark **LTX Power End features standard Duplex Angular Contact: Optional STX, MTX, XLT Other Alloys Available: 316L, 317, 317L, 254SMO, Zirconium, etc.



Sectional View Model 3196 STX



228



100 168 333A



250 370



Illustrated: • BigBore™ • Seal Chamber • Flood Oil Lubrication



101



136 332A



496A



122 112 184M



496



358A 319



21



126



418



351



CHEM-1A



Model 3196 MTX Illustrated: BigBore™ Seal Chamber Optional: • TaperBoreTM PLUS • Standard Bore • Jacketed Chamber • Dynamic Seal Chamber



228



168A



333A



108



370



100



101



112A 136 122 412A



332A 496



184



351 358



319



360F



469B



250



418



126



Model 3196 XLT-X Illustrated: • BigBore™ • Seal Chamber • Grease Lubrication



228 168A 333A 126 360F 108 184 370



100



101



112A 332A 122



412A



136 360C 496



351



358



250



CHEM-1A



22



418



Stocked Options



Goulds offers a variety of options to meet users’ specific plant and process requirements. All are stocked for minimum delivery time.



High and Low Temperature Capability For high and low temperature applications or where pumpage temperature must be controlled, these options are readily available.



FINNED COOLER Directly cools oil for lower bearing temperature. Requires minimum cooling water. Corrosion resistant construction. Recommended for temperatures over 350°F (177°C).



HIGH TEMPERATURE OPTION



CONTROL HEAT JACKET Economical clamp-on jacket provides practical method of heating or cooling the casing. Excellent heat transfer characteristics. Easy to install or remove for pump servicing.



[For operation to 700°F (371°C)] *Jacketed Stuffing Box *Finned Cooler *316 Shaft *Graphite Impeller O-ring *Graphite Casing Gasket



JACKETED STUFFING BOX OR SEAL CHAMBER JACKETED CASING



Maintains proper temperature control of sealing environment. Ideal for maintaining temperature for services such as molten sulphur and polymerizing liquids.



Safety Features



Cast-in jacket for heating or cooling pumpage.



Goulds recognizes users’ concern for safe pump operation and offers options to meet plant safety requirements.



ANSI COUPLING GUARD Meets all requirements of ANSI B15.1 specifications.



CLASS 150 & 300 RAISED FACE FLANGES Serrated raised face flanges for positive sealing against leakage.



23



SHAFT GUARD When a guard around all rotating shaft parts is preferred.



CHEM-1A



Special Surface Preparations



Although Goulds cast parts provide exceptionally smooth finish for superior hydraulic performance, many users require special surface finishes including: • Passivation • Surface Finish Less Than SIS Grade 2 • Electropolishing • Fusion Bonded, Epoxy Coated Power End • Hard Metal Coatings • Special Paint Systems



Seal Flush Plans To control emission levels and meet seal installation requirements, all ANSI B73.1 seal flush and cooling plans are available. Goulds can also provide other special arrangements of user preference.



CPI PLAN 7311



CPI PLAN 7353



Bypass flush lubricates single seal faces.



Pressurized circulation lubricates double seal faces.



Baseplate Options



BASEPLATE SELECTION GUIDE STANDARD



Inadequate pump mounting can lead to a host of maintenance problems. If not rigid, a baseplate can distort, causing pump/motor misalignment leading to coupling, shaft, bearing and mechanical seal failures. For severe environments, a baseplate must be corrosion resistant or it will have to be replaced periodically. A baseplate must also be able to withstand forces and moments of plant piping systems. Goulds offers a complete range of mounting systems to meet plant requirements, and to make maintenance easier.



PLANT REQUIREMENTS



OPTIONAL TYPE 1 Camber Top Cast Iron



Corrosion Resistance (mild/moderate) Corrosion Resistance (severe) Machined Pump and Motor Pads Circular Grout Holes (4 in. min.) Vent Holes (1 in. min.)



Chembase Plus • Riser Blocks have a counterbore allowing them to be secured to the base during motor installation and alignment.



• Optional bidirectional Motor Adjusters for simple, accurate alignment.



• Polymer motor riser blocks and stainless steel hardware for motor/pump mounting. • Standard grout hole for easy installation.



• Baseplate flatness 0.001" per foot.



Vent Holes (1/2 in. min.) Non-Overhang



• Integral Drip Pan.



Full Drain Rim • Threaded leveling inserts are standard for quick, accurate baseplate leveling.



Built-in Drain Pan (under pump) Drain Pan Under Pump Baseplate Levelling Screws Motor Alignment Adjusters Lifting Eyes Continuous Welding Used



• Foundation Bolt Holes.



Flexibly Mounted



• Most bases come standard with multiple stainless steel mounting inserts suitable for various motor frame sizes. • Materials of Construction: - Zanite (Blue) - Novalac (Red)



Spring-Loaded* Available in 304 and 316 SS • All pump and motor inserts are Stainless steel for excellent corrosion resistance and durability. (Hast C available as option.)



CHEM-1A



• Bases are made of a proprietary formula which combines Epoxy resins with quartz aggregate for exceptional strength, and corrosion resistance through and



ANSI B73.1-1991 Conformance



• Standard 3/4" CPVC drain connection.



API-610 Features * Engineered option requires special baseplate



24



TYPE 2 ChemBase™



Type 1 Enhanced TYPE 3 Feature Fabricated Fabricated Steel Steel



Maximum Sealing Flexibility Engineered Seal Chamber Selection Guide



Goulds engineered seal chambers are designed to provide the best seal environment for selected sealing arrangements/services. A



Ideally Suited



B



Acceptable



C



Not Recommended



TYPE 1



TYPE 2



TYPE 3



TYPE 4



TYPE 5



Standard Bore



BigBoreTM



TaperBoreTM PLUS



Jacketed BigBoreTM



Designed for packing. Also accommodates mechanical seals.



Enlarged chamber for increased seal life through improved lubrication and cooling.



Lower seal face temperatures, self- venting and draining. Solids and vapors circulated away from seal faces.



Jacketed TaperBoreTM PLUS



A B C



A A A



A A A



A B C



A C A C C C B A C C



C A A A C A A C C



C A A A A A A A



A C C A C A C A



Service Water-Based Liquids with Flush Entrained Air or Vapor Solids 0-10%, no Flush Solids Greater than 10% with Flush Paper Stock 0-5%, no Flush Paper Stock 0-5%, with Flush Slurries 0-5%, no Flush High Boiling Point Liquids, no Flush Temperature Control Self-Venting and Draining Seal Face Heat Removal Molten or Polymerized Liquid, no Flush Molten or Polymerized Liquid with Flush



A C C B C B C C C C C C C



Maintains proper temperature control (heating or cooling) of seal environment.



Maintains proper temperature control (heating or cooling) of seal environment.



Dynamic Seal



For Elimination of Sealing Problems — Reduced Maintenance Costs On tough pumping services, especially corrosives and slurries, mechanical seals require outside flush and constant, costly attention. Even then, seal failures are common, resulting in downtime. Goulds offers the ANSI PLUS TM Dynamic Seal which, simply by fitting a repeller between the stuffing box and impeller, eliminates the need for a mechanical seal. Benefits of Goulds Dynamic Seal: • External seal water not required • Elimination of pumpage contamination and product dilution • Reduces utility cost • No need to treat seal water • Eliminates problems associated with piping from a remote source



At start-up, the repeller functions like an impeller, and pumps liquid and solids from the stuffing box. When pump is shut down, packing (illustrated) or other type of secondary seal prevents pumpage from leaking. Besides being available as a complete unit, any Goulds 3196 can be easily field-converted to Dynamic Seal. Retrofit kits are readily available.



STUFFING BOX COVER



REPELLER REPELLER PLATE



25



CHEM-1A



Dimensions Model 3196



All dimensions in inches and (mm). Not to be used for construction.



63



$



%



',6&+$5*(



;



68&7,21



'



DIMENSIONS Group



STX



MTX/ LTX



XLT-X



Pump Size



ANSI Designation



Discharge Size



Suction Size



1x11/2-6 11/2 x3-6



AA



1



11/2



AB



11/2



3



2



3



2x3-6



X



A



B



D



SP



Bare Pump Weight Lbs. (kg) 84 (38) 92 (42)



6.5 (165)



13.5 (343)



4 (102)



5.25 (133)



3.75 (95)



95 (43)



1x11/2-8



AA



1



11/2



100 (45)



11/2 x3-8



AB



11/2



3



108 (49)



3x4-7



A70



3



4



11 (280)



220 (100)



2x3-8



A60



2



3



9.5 (242)



220 (91)



3x4-8



A70



3



4



3x4-8G



A70



3



4



1x2-10



A05



1



2



11/2 x3-10



A50



11/2



3



2x3-10



A60



2



3



11 (280)



220 (100) 19.5 (495)



4 (102)



8.25 (210)



200 (91)



8.5 (216)



220 (100)



9.5 (242)



230 (104)



3x4-10



A70



3



4



11 (280)



3x4-10H



A40



3



4



12.5 (318)



3.75 (95)



275 (125)



4x6-10



A80



4



6



4x6-10H



A80



4



6



13.5 (343)



305 (138)



11/2 x3-13



A20



11/2



3



10.5 (267)



2x3-13



A30



2



3



11.5 (292)



275 (125)



3x4-13



A40



3



4



12.5 (318)



330 (150)



4x6-13



A80



4



6



13.5 (343)



405 (184)



6x8-13



A90



6



8



16 (406)



560 (254)



8x10-13



A100



8



10



6x8-15



A110



6



8



8x10-15



A120



8



10



8x10-15G



A120



8



10



8x10-16H



A120



19.5 (495)



4 (102)



10 (254)



265 (120)



245 (111)



670 (304)



18 (457)



610 (277) 740 (336)



19 (483)



27.875 (708)



6 (152)



14.5 (368)



5.25 (133)



710 (322)



8



10



4x6-17



4



6



16 (406)



650 (295)



6x8-17 8x10-17



6 8



8 10



18 (457) 19 (483)



730 (331) 830 (376)



CHEM-1A



850 (385)



26



Hydraulic Coverage Model 3196



100



95



65 60



200



300



400



140 160



310



200



300



s 500 600



40



160 140 8x



10



10



60



0



1x11/2 -8



2x3



-8



l



40 20 0



100



13



l



l



2x3-6



1x11/2 - 6 0 GPM 100 0 m3 /h 20



6x8-13 3x4-10H



11/2 x3- 8 3x4- 8 7 x4



60



4x6-10H



60 s 80 100



20



40



l



10 20 4x6-10G 0



300 400 500



30



80



8x10-13



3 11/2 x3- 6



40



8x10-16H



4x6-13



3x4 -10 2x3-10



l



5G



3-



11/2 x3-10 1x2-10



120



3x4-13



2x



11/2 x3-13



45 40



8x10-17



-1



160



100



75



55



6x8-17



6x8-15



140



m



200 4x6-17



200



80 20



240



230



120 30



FT.



1750/1450 RPM



180 50



800 1000 1200



500 600 700 8001000 1400 1800 22002600 3400 4200 5000



STX MTX/LTX XLT-X



270 75



s



TOTAL HEAD — 1750 RPM (60 Hz)



350



100



60



s



FT. 0 GPM



40



TOTAL HEAD — 1450 RPM (50 Hz)



m



CAPACITY — 1450 RPM (50 Hz) s



s



0 m3 /h 20



700 140



900 1000 1400 1800 2200 180



220s 300



500



CAPACITY — 1750 RPM (60 Hz)



27



3000 3400



0



5000 5800 6600 7400



700 s 1000 s= Scale Change



1400



CHEM-1A



NOTES



CHEM-1A



28



60 Hz Curves



Model 3196



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



1 X 1.5 - 6



1 X 1.5 - 6



1 X 1.5 - 6



1 X 1.5 - 6



1 X 1.5 - 8



1 X 1.5 - 8 29



CHEM-1A



60 Hz Curves



Model 3196



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



1 X 1.5 - 8



1 X 1.5 - 8



1 X 2 - 10



1 X 2 - 10



1 X 2 - 10



1 X 2 - 10



CHEM-1A



30



60 Hz Curves



Model 3196



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



1 X 2 - 10



1 X 2 - 10



1.5 X 3 - 6



1.5 X 3 - 6



1.5 X 3 - 8



1.5 X 3 - 8 31



CHEM-1A



60 Hz Curves



Model 3196



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



1.5 X 3 - 8



1.5 X 3 - 8



1.5 X 3 - 10



1.5 X 3 - 10



1.5 X 3 - 10



1.5 X 3 - 10



CHEM-1A



32



60 Hz Curves



Model 3196



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



1.5 X 3 - 10



1.5 X 3 - 10



1.5 X 3 - 13



1.5 X 3 - 13



1.5 X 3 - 13



1.5 X 3 - 13 33



CHEM-1A



60 Hz Curves



Model 3196



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



1.5 X 3 - 13



1.5 X 3 - 13



2X3-6



2X3-6



2X3-6



2X3-6



CHEM-1A



34



60 Hz Curves



Model 3196



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



2X3-8



2X3-8



2X3-8



2X3-8



2 X 3 - 10



2 X 3 - 10 35



CHEM-1A



60 Hz Curves



Model 3196



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



2 X 3 - 10



2 X 3 - 13



2 X 3 - 13



2 X 3 - 13



3X4-7



3X4-7



CHEM-1A



36



60 Hz Curves



Model 3196



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



3X4-8



3X4-8



3 X 4 - 8G



3 X 4 - 8G



3 X 4 - 10



3 X 4 - 10 37



CHEM-1A



60 Hz Curves



Model 3196



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



3 X 4 - 10H



3 X 4 - 10H



3 X 4 - 13



3 X 4 - 13



3 X 4 - 13



4 X 6 - 10G



CHEM-1A



38



60 Hz Curves



Model 3196



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



4 X 6 - 10G



4 X 6 - 10G



4 X 6 - 10H



4 X 6 - 10H



4 X 6 - 10H



4 X 6 - 10H 39



CHEM-1A



60 Hz Curves



Model 3196



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



4 X 6 - 13



4 X 6 - 13



4 X 6 - 17



4 X 6 - 17



6 X 8 - 13



6 X 8 - 13



CHEM-1A



40



60 Hz Curves



Model 3196



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



6 X 8 - 15



6 X 8 - 15



6 X 8 - 17



6 X 8 - 17



8 X 10 - 13



8 X 10 - 13 41



CHEM-1A



60 Hz Curves



Model 3196



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



8 X 10 - 15



8 X 10 - 15



8 X 10 - 15G



8 X 10 - 15G



8 X 10 - 15G



8 X 10 - 16H



CHEM-1A



42



60 Hz Curves



Model 3196



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



8 X 10 - 16H



8 X 10 - 16H



8 X 10 - 17



8 X 10 - 17



8 X 10 - 17 43



CHEM-1A



50 Hz Curves



Model 3196



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



1 X 1.5 - 6



1 X 1.5 - 6



1 X 1.5 - 6



1 X 1.5 - 6



1 X 1.5 - 8



1 X 1.5 - 8



CHEM-1A



44



50 Hz Curves



Model 3196



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



1 X 1.5 - 8



1 X 1.5 - 8



1 X 2 - 10



1 X 2 - 10



1 X 2 - 10



1 X 2 - 10 45



CHEM-1A



50 Hz Curves



Model 3196



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



1.5 X 3 - 6



1.5 X 3 - 6



1.5 X 3 - 8



1.5 X 3 - 8



1.5 X 3 - 8



1.5 X 3 - 8



CHEM-1A



46



50 Hz Curves



Model 3196



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



1.5 X 3 - 10



1.5 X 3 - 10



1.5 X 3 - 10



1.5 X 3 - 10



1.5 X 3 - 13



1.5 X 3 - 13 47



CHEM-1A



50 Hz Curves



Model 3196



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



1.5 X 3 - 13



1.5 X 3 - 13



2X3-6



2X3-6



2X3-6



2X3-6



CHEM-1A



48



50 Hz Curves



Model 3196



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



2X3-8



2X3-8



2X3-8



2X3-8



2 X 3 - 10



2 X 3 - 10 49



CHEM-1A



50 Hz Curves



Model 3196



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



2 X 3 - 13



2 X 3 - 13



3X4-7



3X4-7



3X4-8



3X4-8



CHEM-1A



50



50 Hz Curves



Model 3196



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



3 X 4 - 8G



3 X 4 - 8G



3 X 4 - 10



3 X 4 - 10



3 X 4 - 10H



3 X 4 - 10H 51



CHEM-1A



50 Hz Curves



Model 3196



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



3 X 4 - 13



3 X 4 - 13



3 X 4 - 13



4 X 6 - 10G



4 X 6 - 10G



4 X 6 - 10G



CHEM-1A



52



50 Hz Curves



Model 3196



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



4 X 6 - 10H



4 X 6 - 10H



4 X 6 - 10H



4 X 6 - 10H



4 X 6 - 13



4 X 6 - 13 53



CHEM-1A



50 Hz Curves



Model 3196



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



4 X 6 - 17



4 X 6 - 17



6 X 8 - 13



6 X 8 - 13



6 X 8 - 15



6 X 8 - 15



CHEM-1A



54



50 Hz Curves



Model 3196



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



6 X 8 - 17



6 X 8 - 17



8 X 10 - 13



8 X 10 - 13



8 X 10 - 15



8 X 10 - 15 55



CHEM-1A



50 Hz Curves



Model 3196



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



8 X 10 - 15G



8 X 10 - 15G



8 X 10 - 16H



8 X 10 - 16H



8 X 10 - 17



8 X 10 - 17



CHEM-1A



56



Goulds Model IC ISO 5199 Chemical Process Pump Designed for Global Process Applications P Capacities to 340 m3/h (1490 US GPM) P Heads to 160 m (525 feet) P Temperature Range -40°C to 180°C (-40°F to 360°F) P Pressures to 16 Bar (235 PSIG) P Materials - Ductile Iron, 316 Stainless Steel, Duplex SS, Alloy 20, Hastelloy, Titanium



Performance Features Engineered For Lifetime Value



Extended Pump Life • Full ISO 5199/EN 25199 Compliance • Patented “Cyclone” Seal Chamber for Extended Seal Life • Heavy Duty Bearing Frame, with Large Oil Sump Extends Bearing Life • Enclosed Impeller with Optional Wear Ring for Renewable Efficiency • Optional PumpSmart® Variable Frequency Drive Systems for Optimized Performance and Extended Reliability



The IC ISO Chemical Process Pump is designed in accordance with ISO 5199/EN25199 and dimensionally complies with ISO 2858/EN22858 and DIN 24256.



Ease of Maintenance • Modular Design For Maximum Interchangeability Between All 18 Pump Sizes • Back Pull-Out Design Makes Maintenance Activities Safe and Simple • Complies With ISO 2858/EN 22858 For Retrofit Capability



Applications/Markets Chemical Process Pharmaceutical and Petrochemical Food Technology Pulp Preparation Metal Processing General Industry Water Treatment OEM Nuclear Power Plants Waste Disposal/Recycling Industries



57



CHEM-1B



Model IC ISO Chemical Process Pumps



Design Features Engineered For Worldwide Process Applications BEARING FRAME



CASING



• Large capacity oil sump reduces oil temperature for extended bearing life. • Heavy duty cast iron frame gives rigid support to shaft and bearings for longer service. • Magnetic drain plug maintains a clean oil environment for extended bearing life. • Standard double lip seals at pump and coupling end maintain a seal tight, clean operating environment.



• Heavy duty, top centerline discharge casing with integral cast feet provides maximum resistance to pipe loads for improved seal and bearing life. • Minimum 3mm corrosion allowance maximizes pump life for corrosive and erosive applications. • Back pull out design makes maintenance activities safe and simple. • Standard 3/8” NPT casing drain for safe maintenance. • Renewable wear ring maintains pump performance over the life the pump (optional).



HEAVY DUTY SHAFT AND BEARINGS • Rigid shaft designed for less than 0.05mm shaft deflection. • Heavy duty ball bearings engineered to provide L10 bearing life in excess of 17,500 hours. • Standard 400 series stainless steel shaft (1.4021) provides reliable power transmission and corrosion resistance at both the pump and coupling ends.



DUCTILE IRON LANTERN/FRAME ADAPTER • Provides safe and accurate alignment for the liquid end to the bearing frame. • Large access windows make installation and maintenance of seal and auxiliary support systems trouble-free.



ENGINEERED SHAFT SEALING ENVIRONMENT



IMPELLER • Precision-cast enclosed impeller design provides maximum efficiency and optimum NPSH performance. • Preferred by ISO 5199 for maximum mechanical seal life. • Standard back vanes or balance holes reduce axial thrust and seal chamber pressure for extended bearing and seal life. • Key driven for maximum reliability, eliminates spin-offs due to reverse rotation during start-up.



CHEM-1B



58



• Wide choice of sealing arrangements for maximum sealing flexibility. • Patented “cyclone” seal chamber improves lubrication, heat removal and solids handling for extended seal life. • Confined casing gasket provides safe pressure containment preventing gasket “blow out” while protecting alignment fits from corrosion for ease of maintenance.



Pump Features Engineered to Extend Reliability and Reduce Life Cycle Cost Patented “Cyclone” Seal Chamber Eliminates Seal Failures • A tapered bore design enhanced with two cast helical grooves removes suspended solids away from mechanical seal components resulting in extended seal life . • Increased radial clearance and increased volume improves cooling for extended seal life. • Self-venting design eliminates vapor build up in the seal area. • Patented design by ITT Industries, tested and proven to extend seal life.



Large Capacity Bearing Frame Extends Pump Bearing Life • Large capacity oil sump results in cooler, cleaner oil. Model IC ISO Chemical Pump has one of the largest oil sump in it’s class! • Heavy duty bearing sized for minimum L10 bearing life of 17,500 hours. • Rigid, stainless steel shaft resists corrosion while maintaining shaft deflections below 0,05mm. • Double lip oil seals maintain clean oil sump.



OIL SUMP VOLUME (liters) 2



Model IC



Competitor



1.5 1 0.5 0 Frame 24



Frame 32



Frame 42



Frame 48



PumpSmart® Pumping Packages – Complete Process Pumping Solutions! HAZARDOUS AREA



PumpSmart® Control Systems are variable frequency drive systems that are integrated with patented, centrifugal pump specific logic. Because of this single purpose programming, PumpSmart does more than change speed, rather it optimizes pump performance with system demand while at the same time preventing operation under unfavorable conditions such as dry running, cavitation, dead heading and “run out” operation.



NON-HAZARDOUS AREA WALL-MOUNTED VERSION PANELMOUNTED VERSION



EXPLOSION-PROOF MOTOR



15-45 KW 1.5-11 KW



• Optimizes pump performance to match system demand for 30 – 50% energy savings. • Eliminates control valves and bypass lines for reduced installation cost. • Facilitates increased pump standardization resulting in reduced maintenance cost and MRO inventories. • One touch programming simplifies installation.



59



OR



CHEM-1B



Innovative Shaft Sealing Solutions, Engineered To Extend Seal Life Essential to extending seal life is providing the optimum operating environment for a mechanical seal, an environment which provides adequate lubrication and cooling of the seal faces and one which is free of contaminants such as solids and vapors.



The patented “Cyclone” Seal Chamber has been engineered to meet these requirements making it the ideal solution for most sealing applications.



Patented “Cyclone” Seal Chamber – How it Works



1



1.The casted helical grooves act as barriers, collecting inbound solid particles as they travel along the angled walls of the seal chamber. 2.Once caught in the grooves, the rotational velocity of the liquid within the seal chamber acts to rotate these solid along the helical path of the grooves until they are transported out of the seal chamber environment.



Maximum Shaft Sealing Flexibility Seal chamber cavities for the Model IC pump are in accordance with ISO 3069 and will accommodate all seal design in accordance with EN12756 L1K(DIN 24960 L1K). Seal arrangements possible include DIN 24960 L1K single, single with quench, double back-to-back and double in tandem. Also possible is the use of cartridge seal designs. Also available is a proprietary mechanical seal designed for optimum performance when installed in the Model IC cyclone seal chambers. The seal features a stationary spring design with balanced seal faces which has been integrated into the pump design for extended reliability and reduced cost.



2 Solids transported out of seal chamber environment along helical groove in cyclone seal chamber.



Goulds Mechanical Seal Goulds Mechancial Seal



CHEM-1B



60



Baseplate Mounting Options Two fabricated steel baseplates are available to meet user installations requirements. Manufactured from continuous welded engineered shapes, both designs offer superior rigidity and resistance to bending and torsion for extended pump reliability.



Standard Fabricated Steel Baseplate • • • • •



Rigid fabricated design. Machined mounting surfaces. Complies with ISO 3661 dimensions. Optional SS drip pan. Available stilt mounted.



Feature Fabricated Steel Baseplate • Welded fabricated design. • Complies with ISO 3661 dimensions. • Standard features include: • Standard 316SS drip pan. • Motor adjustment screws. • Vertical leveling screws. • Earthing lug.



Options Suction Inducers Unique, proven suction inducer design improves pump’s suction inlet conditions without significant compromise to pump operating range. • Reduces NPSHr up to 30% - 50%. • Simplifies suctions piping design. • Suitable for liquids with entrained gas up to 40%.



High and Low Temperature Capabilities For high and low temperature applications or where pumpage temperature must be controlled.



Finned Tube Oil Sump Cooler Direct oil contact for maximum heat transfer.



Casing and Cover Jacket Ideal to prevent “liquid” from solidifying or polymerizing.



61



CHEM-1B



50 Hz Hydraulic Coverage IC



CHEM-1B



62



60 Hz Hydraulic Coverage IC



63



CHEM-1B



Parts List and Materials of Construction IC 400



901.11 161 344 320.51 330



637



932.51



102V 940.31



320.52 923.51



922



210 412.21



421.51



230



903.51



912.11



183 524 507 421.41 412.41



Item Number



102V 161 183 210 230 320.51 320.52 330 344 400 412.21 412.41 421.41 421.51 507 524 637 901.11 903.51 912.11 922 923.51 932.51 940.31



Part Name



Casing Seal Chamber/ Stuffing Box Cover Support Foot Shaft Impeller Radial Bearing Thrust Bearing Bearing Bracket Lantern Case Gasket O-ring, Shaft Sleeve & Impeller Nut O-ring Bearing Bracket Oil Seal, Inboard Oil Seal, Outboard Flinger Shaft Sleeve Oil Vent Casing Bolts, Hex Cap Screw Drain Plug Case Drain Plug Impeller Nut Bearing Lock Nut Snap Ring/Circlip Impeller Key



Other Parts Not Shown 236 Inducer (optional) 452 Packing Gland 458 Lantern Ring 461 Packing 502.11 Wear Ring (optional) 642 Oil Level Sight Glass



Ductile Iron



316SS



Duplex



Alloy 20 (AA)



Ductile Iron



316SS



Duplex SS



Alloy 20



Ductile Iron



316SS



Cast Iron



Titanium (TT)



Hastelloy



Titanium



Duplex SS Alloy 20 Hastelloy Carbon Steel Stainless Steel (1.4021) 316SS Duplex SS Alloy 20 Hastelloy Single Row, Ball Bearing Double Row Angular Contact Ball Bearing Cast Iron Ductile Iron Non-Asbestos Aramid Fiber



Titanium



Teflon® Viton® Lip Seal (Buna & Steel) Lip Seal (Buna & Steel) Noryl 66® Duplex SS (1.4462) Alloy 20 Hastelloy Steel Stainless Steel (A2) Steel Magnetic Tipped Alloy 20 Hastelloy Alloy 20 Hastelloy Steel/Nylon Carbon Steel Carbon Steel



316SS Duplex SS



Duplex SS (1.4462)



316ss (1.4410)



Alloy 20 Hastelloy 316ss Glass Filled PTFE PTFE Impregnated Duplex SS Alloy 20 Hastelloy Glass/Plastic



Noryl is a registered trademark of General Electric Co. Teflon and Viton are registered trademarks of E.I. DuPont.



CHEM-1B



Hastelloy (BB/CC)



64



Titanium



Titanium



Titanium Titanium



Titanium



Titanium



Dimensions IC



All dimensions in mm. Not to be used for construction.



DIMENSIONS Flanges Pump Size



Frame



DNs



DNd



a



F



h1



h2



Bare Pump X



Weights (kg)



50-32-160



24



50



32



80



385



132



160



100



43



50-32-200



24



50



32



80



385



160



180



100



52



50-32-250



32



50



32



100



500



180



225



100



85



65-40-160



24



65



40



80



385



132



160



100



44



65-40-200



24



65



40



100



385



160



180



100



57



65-40-250



32



65



40



100



500



180



225



100



85



65-40-315



32



65



40 (1)



125



500



200



250



100



121



80-50-160



24



80



50



100



385



160



180



100



48



80-50-200



24



80



50



100



385



160



200



100



57



80-50-250



32



80



50



125



500



180



225



100



87



80-50-315



32



80



50 (1)



125



500



225



280



100



126



100-65-160



32



100



65



100



500



160



200



100



74



100-65-200



32



100



65



100



500



180



200



140



79



100-65-250



32



100



65



125



500



200



250



140



98



100-65-315



42



100



65 (1)



125



530



225



280



140



150



125-80-160



32



125



80



125



500



180



225



140



81



125-80-200



32



125



80



125



500



180



250



140



87



125-80-250



32



125



80



125



500



225



280



140



109



125-80-315



42



125



125-80-400



42



125



125-100-200



32



125



80



125



500



200



280



140



93



125-100-250



42



125



100



140



530



225



280



140



130



125-100-315



42



125



125-100-400



42



150-125-250 150-125-315



(1)



(1)



(1)



(1)



(1)



80 (1)



125



530



250



315



140



162



80



140



530



280



355



140



201



100 (1)



140



530



250



315



140



174



125



100



140



530



280



355



140



215



42



150



125



140



530



250



355



140



143



42



150



125



140



530



280



355



140



195



150-125-400



42



150



125



140



530



315



400



140



246



200-150-250



42



200



150



160



530



280



375



180



152



200-150-315



48



200



150



160



670



315



400



180



262



200-150-400



48



200



150



160



670



315



450



180



303



Dimensions in mm. Dimensions Subject To Change Without Notice. NOTE: Flange Drilling In Accordance With ISO 7001/EN 27001 PN16 Except where noted. (1) – Flanges Drilled PN25. Detailed Pump Dimensions In Accordance With ISO 2858/EN22858. Detailed Baseplate Dimensions In Accordance With ISO3661/EN23661.



65



CHEM-1B



NOTES



CHEM-1B



66



60 Hz Curves



Model IC



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



40 - 25 - 160



40 - 25 - 160



40 - 25 - 200



40 - 25 - 200



40 - 25 - 250



40 - 25 - 250 67



CHEM-1B



60 Hz Curves



Model IC



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



50 - 32 - 315



50 - 32 - 315



100 - 65 - 315



125 - 80 - 315



125 - 80 - 400



125 - 80 - 400



CHEM-1B



68



60 Hz Curves



Model IC



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



125 - 80 - 400



125 - 100 - 250



125 - 100 - 400



150 - 125 - 400



150 - 125 - 400



200 - 150 - 315 69



CHEM-1B



60 Hz Curves



Model IC



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



200 - 150 - 315



200 - 150 - 400



200 - 150 - 400



CHEM-1B



70



50 Hz Curves



Model IC



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



40 - 25 - 160



40 - 25 - 160



40 - 25 - 200



40 - 25 - 200



40 - 25 - 250



40 - 25 - 250 71



CHEM-1B



50 Hz Curves



Model IC



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



50 - 32 - 315



50 - 32 - 315



100 - 65 - 315



125 - 80 - 315



125 - 80 - 400



125 - 80 - 400



CHEM-1B



72



50 Hz Curves



Model IC



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



125 - 100 - 250



125 - 100 - 315



125 - 100 - 400



125 - 100 - 400



150 - 125 - 400



150 - 125 - 400 73



CHEM-1B



50 Hz Curves



Model IC



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



200 - 150 - 315



200 - 150 - 315



200 - 150 - 400



200 - 150 - 400



CHEM-1B



74



Variable Curves



Model IC



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



40 - 25 - 160



40 - 25 - 200



40 - 25 - 250



50 - 32 - 315



125 - 80 - 400



125 - 100 - 400 75



CHEM-1B



Variable Curves



Model IC



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



150 - 125 - 400



200 - 150 - 315



200 - 150 - 400



CHEM-1B



76



Goulds Model ICB Close-Coupled Chemical Process Pump PCapacities to 1980 USGPM (450 m3/h) PHeads to 513 feet (160 m) PTemperature range -40°F to 280°F (-40°C to 140°C) PPressures to 235 PSIG (16 bar) PInlet pressures up to 87 PSIG (6 bar)



Materials of Construction Ductile Iron (0.7043) Stainless Steel (1.4408) Duplex Stainless Steel (1.4517)



The Goulds Model ICB is a compact, yet durable Chemical Process Pump designed to handle liquids ranging from water to mild corrosives.



Design Features



Hydraulic components comply with ISO 2858 and DIN 24256 for easy integration to industrial process piping systems.



Extended Pump Reliability • Patented “Cyclone” Seal Chamber extends seal life • Enclosed Impeller reduces thrust loads for extended seal and motor life • Heavy duty cast casing provides corrosion allowance and is resistant to flange loads. Reduces Maintenance Costs • Precision machined fits eliminate alignment during installation • Couplings and Baseplates are not necessary, reducing capital costs • Optional Wear Rings renew pump performance and extend pump life.



Services Chemical Process Food and Beverage Processing Marine/Sea Water Water Supply and Cooling Water Pharmaceutical Steel Production Automotive OEM Water Treatment / Purification



77



CHEM-1B



Model ICB



Design Features For a Wide Range of Applications in the Chemical Process Industry MOTOR LANTERN



HEAVY DUTY CASING



• Precision machined fits maintain alignment between pump end and motor eliminating costly pre-alignment during installation. • Couplings and baseplates are not required, reducing capital costs • Compact, space saving arrangment ideal for OEM or space constrained installations.



• Casted heavy duty, foot supported design provides maximum resistance to pipe loads • Minimum 3 mm corrosion allowance maximizes pump life • Standard 3/8"-NPT casing drain for safe and simple maintenance • ISO 2858 dimensions for easy installation in all systems.



STUB SHAFT • Rigid one-piece design eliminated tolerance stack-ups resulting in truer running seal faces for extended seal life. • Standard Duplex SS (1.4462) construction for maximum corrosion resistance



IMPELLER • Precision cast, enclosed impeller design for maximum performance and low NPSHr • Back vanes or balance holes reduce axial thrust and seal pressures for extended seal and motor life • Key driven to prevent spin offs caused by mis-wiring • Optional Wear Rings renew pump performance and extend pump life



ENGINEERED SEAL CHAMBER • Patented “Cyclone” Seal Chamber keeps solids and vapors out of the seal area for extended seal life • Tapered Bore design enhances lubrication and cooling of seal faces often eliminating the need for external flush connections • Can be fitted with standard DIN 24960 L1ku seals



CHEM-1B



78



Hydraulic Coverage



Model ICB



2900 RPM



1450 RPM



79



CHEM-1B



Sectional View 102 V



922



230



912.21



940.31



912.11



Model ICB 400



161



527



344



210



Parts List and Materials of Construction Item Number



Part Name



Ductile Iron



316SS



316SS



Duplex SS



102 V



Casing



Ductile Iron



316SS



Duplex SS



161



Seal Chamber



Ductile Iron



316SS



Duplex SS



210



Stub Shaft



230



Impeller



344



Motor Lantern



400



Case Gasket



527



Fixing Ring



912.11



Case Drain Plug



912.11



O-Ring, Impeller Nut



922



Impeller Nut



Duplex SS



940.31



Impeller Key



Duplex SS (1.4462)



Duplex 1.4462 Cast Iron



316SS



Duplex SS



Ductile Iron Non-Asbestos Aramid Fiber Duplex SS (1.4462) 316SS Teflon



Cast Material Specifications Approximate Equivalent IC-B Standard



DIM



ASTM



Cast Iron



EN-GJL-250



0.6025



A48 Class 35B A536 Gr. 60-40-18



Ductile Iron



EN-GJS-400-18-LT



1.7043



Stainless Steel



1.4408



1.4408



A743 CF8M



Dupless SS



1.4517



1.4517



A744 CD4MCu



CHEM-1B



80



Engineered for Chemical Process Reliability Yet Compact and Versatile for Industrial or OEM Service Patented “Cyclone” Seal Chamber Keeps Solids and Vapors out of the Seal Environment for Extended Seal Life • A Tapered Bore Design enhanced with Cast Helical Grooves which act to keep solids and vapors out of the sealing area. • Increased radial clearance and volume for improved cooling of seal faces • Self-venting design eliminates the build up of vapors in the seal area while simplifying pump start-ups • Can be fitted with any DIN 24960 L1ku mechanical seal or with a quenched seal arrangement



High Efficiency, Enclosed Impeller Design Engineered Performance with Low Hydraulic Loads • Enclosed impeller design featuring back vanes or rear ring fits act to reduce hydraulic thrust loads for extended seal and bearing life • Precision cast, enclosed impellers provide high efficiency and low NPSHr for reduced operating cost and smooth operation • Optional wear rings renew pump performance and extend service life



Economical, Space Saving Design Simplifies Installation and Reduces Cost • Precise mounting fits maintain pump/motor alignment eliminating alignment cost during installation • Coupling cost and baseplate cost eliminated • Duplex SS (1.4462) Stub Shaft mounts to standard IEC (B5) motors • Pump motor “Foot Print” reduced 30%, ideal for OEM or space constrained installations



81



CHEM-1B



NOTES



CHEM-1B



82



60 Hz Curves



Model ICB



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



40 - 25 - 160



40 - 25 - 160



40 - 25 - 200



40 - 25 - 200



40 - 25 - 250



40 - 25 - 250 83



CHEM-1B



60 Hz Curves



Model ICB



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



50 - 32 - 315



CHEM-1B



50 - 32 - 315



84



50 Hz Curves



Model ICB



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



40 - 25 - 160



40 - 25 - 160



40 - 25 - 200



40 - 25 - 200



40 - 25 - 250



40 - 25 - 250 85



CHEM-1B



50 Hz Curves



Model ICB



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



50 - 32 - 315



CHEM-1B



50 - 32 - 315



86



Variable Curves



Model ICB



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



40 - 25 - 160



40 - 25 - 200



40 - 25 - 250



50 - 32 - 315



87



CHEM-1B



NOTES



CHEM-1B



88



Goulds Model ICP High Pressure/High Temperature Chemical Process Pump PCapacities to 1980 USGPM (450 m3/h) PHeads to 492 feet (150 m) PTemperature range -40°F to 535°F (-40°C to 280°C) PPressures to 363 PSIG (25 bar)



Materials of Construction Carbon Steel (1.0619) Stainless Steel (1.4408) Duplex Stainless Steel (1.4517) Hastelloy C (2.4811) The Goulds Model ICP is a heavy duty chemical process pump designed for extreme temperatures and pressures and is ideal for Chemical, Petrochemical, Hot Water or Heat Transfer Fluid applications.



Design Features Extended Pump Reliability • Patented “Cyclone” Seal Chamber extends seal life • Standard center-line mounted casing controls thermal growth and maintains pump alignment for extended bearing life • Large capacity oil sump improves oil cooling for extended bearing life • Optional inducer reduces NPSHr, ideal for marginal NPSH applications Reduces Maintenance Costs • Back pull-out design simplifies maintenance activities • Modular interchangeability with IC pump reduces spare parts inventories • Optional Wear Rings renew pump performance and extend pump life.



Services Chemical Process Pharmaceutical District Heating Rubber and Plastic Manufacturing



89



Petrochemical Condensate Heat Transfer Fluids



CHEM-1B



Model ICP



Design Features For a Wide Range of Applications in the Chemical Process Industry HEAVY DUTY CASING • Centerline mounted design controls thermal growth and maintains pump alignment for extended bearing life • Heavy duty design meets ISO 5199 nozzle loading criterion • Minimum 3 mm corrosion allowance maximizes pump life • Standard 3/8"-NP casing drain for safe and simple maintenance • ISO 2858 dimensions for easy installation in all systems



HEAVY DUTY BEARING BRACKET



ENGINEERED SEAL CHAMBER



• Large capacity oil sump increases oil cooling for increased bearing life • Rigid shaft designed to limit shaft deflections to less than 0,05 mm for reliable shaft sealing • Heavy duty, double angular contact bearings designed to L 10 bearing lives in excess of 25,000 hours • Standard stainless steel shaft (1.4021) for reliable, corrosion resistant power transmission



• Patented “Cyclone” Seal Chamber keeps solids and vapors out of the seal area for extended seal life • Tapered Bore design enhances lubrication and cooling of seal faces often eliminating the need for external flush connections • Can be fitted with standard DIN 24960 L1k seals or cartridge seals



CHEM-1B



90



Hydraulic Coverage



Model ICP Q (US GPM)



2900 RPM 15



20



30



40 50 60 80 100



150 200



500



1000



200 600 500



150 80-50-315 100-65-315



100 50-32-250



Total Head H (m)



80



65-40250



100-65250



80-50-250



60 50-32-200



50



65-40-200 80-50-200



100-65200



40 30



6540160



50-32-160



12580315



12580250 12580200



400



125100315



300



125100250



200 150



125100200



100



125-80160 100-65160



80-50-160



20



H (ft)



65-40-315



80 60 50



15



40 10



3



4



5



8



10



15



20



30



40 50



80 100



150 200



300 400



Capacity Q (m3/h) Q (US GPM)



1450 RPM 10



15 20



30 40 5060 80 100 150 200



500



1000



[US



80 200 125-80-400



40



Total Head H (m)



80-50315



65-40-315



30 50-32-250



20



80-50250



65-40250



15 50-32-200 10



65-40200



8



6540160



50-32-160



6 5



80-50200 80-50160



125100400 100-65- 125- 12580- 100315 315 315 100-65- 125- 12580- 100250 250 250



100-65- 125- 125200 80- 100200 200 10065160



150125400 150125315 150125250



200150400



150 100



200150315



80 60 50



200150250



40 30



12580160



H (ft)



60 50



20 15



4 10



3



8 2



2



3



4



5



8 10



15 20



30 40 50



80100 150 200 300 400 500 800



Capacity Q (m3/h)



91



CHEM-1B



Engineered for Chemical Process Reliability For Severe Duty Chemical Process Applications Patented “Cyclone” Seal Chamber Keeps Solids and Vapors out of the Seal Environment for Extended Seal Life • A Tapered Bore Design enhanced with Cast Helical Grooves acts to keep solids and vapors out of the sealing area. • Increased radial clearance and volume for improved cooling of seal faces • Self-venting design eliminates the build up of vapors in the seal area while simplifying pump start-ups • Can be fitted with any DIN 24960 L1k mechanical seal or cartridge seal



High Efficiency, Enclosed Impeller Design Engineered Performance with Low Hydraulic Loads • Enclosed impeller design featuring back vanes or rear ring fits act to reduce hydraulic thrust loads for extended seal and bearing life • Precision cast, enclosed impellers provide high efficiency and low NPSHr for reduced operating cost and smooth operation • Key driven to pump shaft to prevent start-up failures resulting from mis-wiring • Optional wear rings renew pump performance and extend service life



Pumping Solutions for Extreme Services Proven Technology, Process “Know How” • Optional jacketed casing and seal chamber provide direct temperature control for critical applications • Finned tube oil sump cooler or shaft mounted fan maintain oil temperature for extended bearing life • Optional suction inducers reduce NPSHr up to 50%, ideal for marginal NPSH applications • Broad range of engineered shaft sealing solution for “difficult to seal” liquids



CHEM-1B



92



60 Hz Curves



Model ICP



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



50 - 32 - 250



50 - 32 - 250



65 - 40 - 200



65 - 40 - 200



65 - 40 - 160



65 - 40 - 160 93



CHEM-1B



60 Hz Curves



Model ICP



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



65 - 40 - 250



65 - 40 - 250



65 - 40 - 315



65 - 40 - 315



80 - 50 - 200



80 - 50 - 200



CHEM-1B



94



60 Hz Curves



Model ICP



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



80 - 50 - 160



80 - 50 - 160



80 - 50 - 250



80 - 50 - 250



80 - 50 - 315



80 - 50 - 315 95



CHEM-1B



60 Hz Curves



Model ICP



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



100 - 65 - 200



100 - 65 - 200



100 - 65 - 160



100 - 65 - 160



100 - 65 - 250



100 - 65 - 250



CHEM-1B



96



60 Hz Curves



Model ICP



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



100 - 65 - 315



100 - 65 - 315



125 - 100 - 200



125 - 100 - 200



125 - 100 - 400



125 - 100 - 400 97



CHEM-1B



60 Hz Curves



Model ICP



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



125 - 100 - 250



125 - 100 - 250



125 - 100 - 315



125 - 100 - 315



125 - 80 - 200



125 - 80 - 200



CHEM-1B



98



60 Hz Curves



Model ICP



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



125 - 80 - 400



125 - 80 - 400



125 - 80 - 160



125 - 80 - 160



125 - 80 - 250



125 - 80 - 250 99



CHEM-1B



60 Hz Curves



Model ICP



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



125 - 80 - 315



125 - 80 - 315



150 - 125 - 400



150 - 125 - 400



150 - 125 - 250



150 - 125 - 250



CHEM-1B



100



60 Hz Curves



Model ICP



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



150 - 125 - 315



150 - 125 - 315



200 - 150 - 400



200 - 150 - 400



200 - 150 - 250



200 - 150 - 250 101



CHEM-1B



60 Hz Curves



Model ICP



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



200 - 150 - 315



200 - 150 - 315



50 - 32 - 200



50 - 32 - 200



50 - 32 - 160



50 - 32 - 160



CHEM-1B



102



50 Hz Curves



Model ICP



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



50 - 32 - 250



50 - 32 - 250



65 - 40 - 200



65 - 40 - 200



65 - 40 - 160



65 - 40 - 160 103



CHEM-1B



50 Hz Curves



Model ICP



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



65 - 40 - 250



65 - 40 - 250



65 - 40 - 315



65 - 40 - 315



80 - 50 - 200



80 - 50 - 200



CHEM-1B



104



50 Hz Curves



Model ICP



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



80 - 50 - 160



80 - 50 - 160



80 - 50 - 250



80 - 50 - 250



80 - 50 - 315



80 - 50 - 315 105



CHEM-1B



50 Hz Curves



Model ICP



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



100 - 65 - 200



100 - 65 - 200



100 - 65 - 160



100 - 65 - 160



100 - 65 - 250



100 - 65 - 250



CHEM-1B



106



50 Hz Curves



Model ICP



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



100 - 65 - 315



100 - 65 - 315



125 - 100 - 200



125 - 100 - 200



125 - 100 - 400



125 - 100 - 400 107



CHEM-1B



50 Hz Curves



Model ICP



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



125 - 100 - 250



125 - 100 - 250



125 - 100 - 315



125 - 100 - 315



125 - 80 - 200



125 - 80 - 200



CHEM-1B



108



50 Hz Curves



Model ICP



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



125 - 80 - 400



125 - 80 - 400



125 - 80 - 160



125 - 80 - 160



125 - 80 - 250



125 - 80 - 250 109



CHEM-1B



50 Hz Curves



Model ICP



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



125 - 80 - 315



125 - 80 - 315



150 - 125 - 400



150 - 125 - 400



150 - 125 - 250



150 - 125 - 250



CHEM-1B



110



50 Hz Curves



Model ICP



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



150 - 125 - 315



150 - 125 - 315



200 - 150 - 400



200 - 150 - 400



200 - 150 - 250



200 - 150 - 250 111



CHEM-1B



50 Hz Curves



Model ICP



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



200 - 150 - 315



200 - 150 - 315



50 - 32 - 200



50 - 32 - 200



50 - 32 - 160



50 - 32 - 160



CHEM-1B



112



Variable Curves



Model ICP



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



50 - 32 - 200



50 - 32 - 160



50 - 32 - 250



65 - 40 - 200



65 - 40 - 160



65 - 40 - 250 113



CHEM-1B



Variable Curves



Model ICP



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



65 - 40 - 315



80 - 50 - 200



80 - 50 - 160



80 - 50 - 250



80 - 50 - 315



100 - 65 - 200



CHEM-1B



114



Variable Curves



Model ICP



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



100 - 65 - 160



100 - 65 - 250



100 - 65 - 315



125 - 100 - 200



125 - 100 - 400



125 - 100 - 250 115



CHEM-1B



Variable Curves



Model ICP



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



125 - 100 - 315



125 - 80 - 200



125 - 80 - 400



125 - 80 - 160



125 - 80 - 250



125 - 80 - 315



CHEM-1B



116



Variable Curves



Model ICP



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



150 - 125 - 400



150 - 125 - 250



150 - 125 - 315



200 - 150 - 400



200 - 150 - 250



200 - 150 - 315 117



CHEM-1B



NOTES



CHEM-1B



118



Goulds Model ICV Vertical Chemical Pump P Capacities to 450 m3/h (1980 USgpm) P Heads to 150 m (492 ft) P Temperature Range -40°C to 100°C (140°C) -40°F to 210°F (280°F) P Pressures to 16 Bar (230 PSIG)



Materials of Construction Ductile Iron (0.7043) Stainless Steel (1.4408) Duplex Stainless Steel (1.4517) Alloy 20 (1.4536) Hastelloy C (2.4810)



Performance Features Extended Pump Reliability • Patented “Cyclone” Casing Cover Avoids Deposits Behind the Impeller • Separate Thrust Bearing Above the Pump Plate Relieves Motor Bearings of Axial Forces • Sleeve Bearings in a Wide Variety of Materials Lubricated by Pumped Liquid or External Fluid • Optional Suction Inducers Reduce pump NPSH Value Reduced Installation and Maintenance Costs • Installed Length and Plate Size Configurable to Available Installation Space • Simplified Maintenance • Modular Design Allows Maximum Interchangeability • Impeller Clearance can be Restored Using Optional Wear Rings



The Goulds ICV series are vertical chemical pumps for installation in open pump pits or in enclosed tanks, for applications in the chemical and petrochemical industries, hot water and condensate. The hydraulic components comply with ISO 2858 and DIN 24256. The mechancial design satisfies the requirements of ISO 5199.



Applications/Markets Chemical Processes Petrochemicals General Industry



119



CHEM-1B



Model ICV Vertical Chemical Pumps Standard design offers reliable operation



COUPLINGS



MOTORS



Standard flexible couplings.



Standard IEC flanged motor design V1 mounted on a rugged motor-adapter.



THRUST BEARINGS



SHAFT SEALS



Heavy duty angular contact bearings. Grease lubrication regreasable.



Packing or Cartridge - mechanical seals can be supplied.



DISCHARGE PIPE



BASEPLATE



Flanged connection with vertical axis, above the base plate. Enlarged nominal diameter for low losses.



Rugged design, sizes to suit the customer.



COLUMN PIPE



SHAFT



Large diameter for high stability, giving quiet running and vibration-free operation.



Stainless steel our duplex stainless steel. Operating speed always less than critical speed.



SLEEVE BEARINGS



SHAFT COUPLINGS



Pump shafts are protected with duplex stainless steel bearing sleeves. Bearing bushes are available in a wide range of materials to suit the operating conditions. Optionally lubricated by pumped liquid or externally.



Shaft couplings with splitted coupling ring for carrying the axial thrust. Additinal sleeve couplings for transmission of torque.



HYDRAULICS



CYCLONE CASING COVER



From the IC series, fine gradations to the Q, H grid.



Avoids deposits behind the impeller.



CHEM-1B



120



Standard Features for Optimum Reliability Controlling Energy and Maintenance Costs... Keys to Reducing Life Cycle Costs It is estimated that 35% of the world’s electrical consumption can be traced to pumping systems. Within any chemical plant, pumps are the heart of the process. Depending on the end product and size of plant, there can be thousands of process pumps. Plant assessments uncover the tremendous opportunity that exists to dramatically reduce operational costs through the use of intelligent flow systems. Likewise, maintenance is another large part of operational expense. The original purchase price of a process pump is only 5% of its total ownership cost. Typically, the life cycle cost (LCC) of the pump, including the related costs to install, operate, maintain, and decommission, will be several times its initial purchase price. In general, operational costs will account for approximately 30% of LCC. Maintenance is the largest piece of the pie at approximately 41%. Reducing LCC can be accomplished through integration of intelligent flow control systems that cut energy costs and increase system reliability, thereby slashing mainteance expense.



PumpSmart® Significantly Lowers Life Cycle Costs PumpSmart® intelligent flow system significantly reduces life cycle costs of process pumping. PumpSmart® is an advanced technology system that works with any centrifugal pump utilising a smart VFD controller and our proprietary control software Features of PumpSmart®: • Reliablity Longer pump and seal life means reduced maintenance and downtime. • Control Improved pumping accuracy and repeatability means better process control. • Operating Cost Variable speed cuts energy cost up to 70% • Flexibility Control any centrifugal pump up to 700 HP. PumpSmart® may also elimnate the need for control valves, flow meters, recirculation piping, and suction valves, reducing capital and installation costs.



PumpSmart® has been honoured with numerous prestigious industry awards including the IChemE AMEC Award for engineering Excellence, Flow Control magazines’ Top 5 Innovative Products award, Processing magazine’s Breakthrough Product of the Year award, Plant Services magazine’s MRO Product of the Year, and Plant Engineering magazine’s Product of the Year.



121



CHEM-1B



Developed to Meet the Demands of Chemical and Process Engineering Hydraulics Maximum Performance, Minimum Hydraulic Loads • Proven IC series hydraulics, fine gradations to the Q, H, grid • Enclosed impeller design with back vanes, or balancing holes to reduce axial thrust giving extended bearing life • Precision cast enclosed impeller design offers maximum hydraulics performance and optimum NPSH values • Secure and reliable power transmission using key drive • Impeller clearance can be restored using optional wear rings • Optional suction Inducers reduce pump NPSH value by up to 50%



Column Design Arranged for High Operational Safety • Shaft dimensions and bearing span selected for operation at less than the critical speed. All pumps in the ICV series are thus well suited for variable speed operation • Shafts are always either stainless steel or duplex stainless steel • Shaft couplings with splitted coupling ring for carrying the axial thrust and additional sleeve couplings for transmission of torque • Column pipes are large diameter, rugged design for vibration-free operation



Sleeve Bearings Proven Designs • Sleeve bearings are always fitted with shaft sleeves of duplex stainless steel, to protect pump shafts against wear • A comprehensive selection of materials is available for bearing bushes, to suit operation conditions - PEEK, rubber, PTFE, etc. • Sleeve bearing lubrication using the pumped liquid if clean, external lubrication if not • Optional enclosed sleeve bearing design can be supplied for contaminated pumped liquid



CHEM-1B



122



Developed to Meet the Demands of Chemical and Process Engineering Thrust Bearings Relieve motor bearings of axial forces • Integral thrust bearings in bearing frame above the pump plate • Double row angular contact bearing with high thrust capacity in both directions • Grease lubrication, regreasable • Since the motor is not subjected to axial forces from the pump, stand IEC flanged motors design V1 can be used



Shaft Seals Flexible adaptation to operating conditions • Pumps in open pits generally require no shaft seals, since the pumped medium remains below the shaft entry o Standard stuffing box o Optional dry-running mechancial seal (gas lubricated) which closes and seals as required if the pump pit overflows • Shaft seals for pumps installed in enclosed tanks o Stuffing box with internal or external flush o Single Cartridge mechanical seals, with internal or external flush o Double Cartridge mechanical seals with pressure barrie system



Installation length and plate sizes Flexible adaptation to site conditions • • • •



Wide range of installation lengths and corresponding flexibility to adapt to installation space requirements Rugged designs of baseplates in standard sizes, round and rectangular versions Baseplates sized to individual customer requirements Optional round baseplates in pressure or vacuum proof design



Suction Inducer Option Inducer can extend operating range of pump • Reduced NPSHr by 35-50% – ideal for marginal NPSH applications. • Eliminates pumping problems on services with entrained gas • No compromise to pump operating range.



123



CHEM-1B



Hydraulic Coverage 2950/3550 RPM



Hydraulic Coverage 1450/1750 RPM



CHEM-1B



124



60 Hz Curves



Model ICV



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



50 - 32 - 160



50 - 32 - 160



50 - 32 - 200



50 - 32 - 200



50 - 32 - 250



50 - 32 - 250 125



CHEM-1B



60 Hz Curves



Model ICV



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



65 - 40 - 160



65 - 40 - 160



65 - 40 - 200



65 - 40 - 200



65 - 40 - 250



65 - 40 - 250



CHEM-1B



126



60 Hz Curves



Model ICV



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



65 - 40 - 315



65 - 40 - 315



80 - 50 - 160



80 - 50 - 160



80 - 50 - 200



80 - 50 - 200 127



CHEM-1B



60 Hz Curves



Model ICV



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



80 - 50 - 250



80 - 50 - 250



80 - 50 - 315



80 - 50 - 315



100 - 65 - 160



100 - 65 - 160



CHEM-1B



128



60 Hz Curves



Model ICV



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



100 - 65 - 200



100 - 65 - 200



100 - 65 - 250



100 - 65 - 250



100 - 65 - 315



100 - 65 - 315 129



CHEM-1B



60 Hz Curves



Model ICV



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



125 - 80 - 160



125 - 80 - 160



125 - 80 - 200



125 - 80 - 200



125 - 80 - 250



125 - 80 - 250



CHEM-1B



130



60 Hz Curves



Model ICV



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



125 - 80 - 315



125 - 80 - 315



125 - 80 - 400



125 - 80 - 400



125 - 100 - 200



125 - 100 - 200 131



CHEM-1B



60 Hz Curves



Model ICV



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



125 - 100 - 250



125 - 100 - 250



125 - 100 - 315



125 - 100 - 315



125 - 100 - 400



125 - 100 - 400



CHEM-1B



132



60 Hz Curves



Model ICV



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



150 - 125 - 250



150 - 125 - 250



150 - 125 - 315



150 - 125 - 315



150 - 125 - 400



150 - 125 - 400 133



CHEM-1B



60 Hz Curves



Model ICV



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



200 - 150 - 250



200 - 150 - 250



200 - 150 - 315



200 - 150 - 315



200 - 150 - 400



200 - 150 - 400



CHEM-1B



134



50 Hz Curves



Model ICV



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



40 - 25 - 160



40 - 25 - 160



40 - 25 - 200



40 - 25 - 200



40 - 25 - 250



40 - 25 - 250 135



CHEM-1B



50 Hz Curves



Model ICV



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



50 - 32 - 160



50 - 32 - 160



50 - 32 - 200



50 - 32 - 200



50 - 32 - 250



50 - 32 - 250



CHEM-1B



136



50 Hz Curves



Model ICV



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



50 - 32 - 315



50 - 32 - 315



65 - 40 - 160



65 - 40 - 160



65 - 40 - 200



65 - 40 - 200 137



CHEM-1B



50 Hz Curves



Model ICV



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



65 - 40 - 250



65 - 40 - 250



65 - 40 - 315



65 - 40 - 315



80 - 50 - 160



80 - 50 - 160



CHEM-1B



138



50 Hz Curves



Model ICV



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



80 - 50 - 200



80 - 50 - 200



80 - 50 - 250



80 - 50 - 250



80 - 50 - 315



80 - 50 - 315 139



CHEM-1B



50 Hz Curves



Model ICV



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



100 - 65 - 160



100 - 65 - 160



100 - 65 - 200



100 - 65 - 200



100 - 65 - 250



100 - 65 - 250



CHEM-1B



140



50 Hz Curves



Model ICV



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



100 - 65 - 315



100 - 65 - 315



125 - 80 - 160



125 - 80 - 160



125 - 80 - 200



125 - 80 - 200 141



CHEM-1B



50 Hz Curves



Model ICV



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



125 - 80 - 250



125 - 80 - 250



125 - 80 - 315



125 - 80 - 315



125 - 80 - 400



125 - 80 - 400



CHEM-1B



142



50 Hz Curves



Model ICV



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



125 - 100 - 200



125 - 100 - 200



125 - 100 - 250



125 - 100 - 250



125 - 100 - 315



125 - 100 - 315 143



CHEM-1B



50 Hz Curves



Model ICV



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



125 - 100 - 400



125 - 100 - 400



150 - 125 - 250



150 - 125 - 250



150 - 125 - 315



150 - 125 - 315



CHEM-1B



144



50 Hz Curves



Model ICV



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



150 - 125 - 400



150 - 125 - 400



200 - 150 - 250



200 - 150 - 250



200 - 150 - 315



200 - 150 - 315 145



CHEM-1B



50 Hz Curves



Model ICV



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



200 - 150 - 400



CHEM-1B



200 - 150 - 400



146



Variable Curves



Model ICV



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



40 - 25 - 160



40 - 25 - 200



40 - 25 - 250



50 - 32 - 160



50 - 32 - 200



50 - 32 - 250 147



CHEM-1B



Variable Curves



Model ICV



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



50 - 32 - 315



65 - 40 - 160



65 - 40 - 200



65 - 40 - 250



65 - 40 - 315



80 - 50 - 160



CHEM-1B



148



Variable Curves



Model ICV



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



80 - 50 - 200



80 - 50 - 250



80 - 50 - 315



100 - 65 - 160



100 - 65 - 200



100 - 65 - 250 149



CHEM-1B



Variable Curves



Model ICV



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



100 - 65 - 315



125 - 80 - 160



125 - 80 - 200



125 - 80 - 250



125 - 80 - 315



125 - 80 - 400



CHEM-1B



150



Variable Curves



Model ICV



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



125 - 100 - 200



125 - 100 - 250



125 - 100 - 315



125 - 100 - 400



150 - 125 - 250



150 - 125 - 315 151



CHEM-1B



Variable Curves



Model ICV



The following curves are for reference only. Please refer to the Pump Selection System (PSS) at www.gouldspumps.com for the most current revision.



150 - 125 - 400



200 - 150 - 250



200 - 150 - 315



200 - 150 - 400



CHEM-1B



152



Goulds Model LF 3196 Low Flow ANSI Process Pumps Designed for Total Range of Industry Services „ „ „ „ Model LF 3196 STX (1x1½-4, 1x1½-8)



Capacities to 220 GPM (50 m3/h) Heads to 925 feet (282 m) Temperatures to 700° F (371° C) Pressures to 450 PSIG (3102 kPa)



Performance Features for Low Flow Services Extended Pump Life • Concentric (Circular) Casing • Radial Vane Impeller • X-Series Power Ends • Patented TaperBoreTM PLUS Seal Chamber • BigBoreTM Seal Chamber • Optional Centerline Mounted Casings



The LF 3196 process pump line is specifically designed to provide superior performance for low flow services of the Chemical Process Industries.



Ease of Maintenance • Back Pull-out Design • Parts Interchangeable with Goulds Model 3196 • External Impeller Adjustment • Easy Retrofit Safety • ANSI B15.1 Coupling Guard • Ductile Iron Frame Adapter • Raised Face Flanges • Optional Shaft Guard



Services Specialty Chemicals Batch Chemical Process Reactor Feed Shower Service Boiler Feed Condensate High Pressure Process Column Reflux Column Bottoms Hot Oil Seal Water



Model LF 3196 MTX/LTX (1x2-10 MTX/LTX, 1½x3-13 LTX)



153



CHEM-1C



Model LF 3196 Low Flow ANSI Process Pumps Design Features for Total Range of Industry Services CONTINUOUS HIGH PERFORMANCE



INPRO® VBXX-D® LABYRINTH SEALS STANDARD



Original high efficiency maintained by simple external adjustment resulting in long-term energy savings.



Prevents premature bearing failure caused by lubricant contamination and loss of oil. Bearings run cooler and last longer.



MOUNTING FLANGE



HEAVY DUTY SHAFT AND BEARINGS



Supports ANSI coupling guard or optional C-Face motor adapter.



Shaft designed for minimum deflection–less than .002 in. (.05 mm)–at seal faces. Bearings sized for 2-year minimum and 10-year average life under tough operating conditions.



DUCTILE IRON FRAME ADAPTER Material strength equal to carbon steel for safety



POSITIVE SEALING Fully confined gasket at casing joint protects alignment fit from liquid.



CIRCULAR VOLUTE CASING Reduces radial loads during low flow operation. Mechanical seal and bearings last longer. Fully machined discharge and volute provide maximum efficiency and precision control of hydraulics at low flows.



ANSI B73.1M SHAFT SEALING Choice of large, tapered or standard bore chambers for maximum sealing flexibility to meet service conditions



ONE-INCH OIL SIGHT GLASS For easy monitoring of actual oil level and condition.



RIGID FRAME (AND CASING) FEET Reduce effect of pipe loads on alignment.



MAGNETIC DRAIN PLUG



LUBRICATION FLEXIBILITY X-Series power ends pre-drilled for choice of lubrication. Easy field conversion from standard flood oil to oil mist or grease.



CHEM-1C



OPTIONAL CASING DRAIN



Standard magnetic drain plug helps protect bearings and prolong life.



GOULDS LOW FLOW IMPELLER Multiple open radial vanes reduce pulsations, vibration and vane stress. Full shroud for superior vane strength when operating at extreme low flows. Balance holes reduce axial thrust, minimize stuffing box/seal chamber pressure for longer bearing and seal life.



154



RAISED FACE FLANGES Serrated for positive sealing against leakage. Meets ANSI B16.5 requirements. Class 150 RF standard. Class 300 RF optional. (13 in. casing–300 RF flanges standard.)



Goulds Model LF 3196 Designed for Low Flow Services 6\VWHP&XUYH$FWXDO7KURWWOHG2SHUDWLRQ



727$/'24 VAC/VDC Low: 24 VAC/VDC Low: 1/4 inch (6.4mm) • Settling or non-settling slurry • The slurry specific gravity > 1.15 • Greater than 20% solids by weight The previous listing is just a quick guideline to help classify various pump applications. Other considerations that need to be addressed when selecting a pump model are:



AF HS HSU HSUL VHS JC JCU VJC



AF HS HSU HSUL VHS JC JCU VJC 5150 RX SRL CW



• Abrasive hardness • Particle shape • Particle size • Particle velocity and direction • Particle sharpness The designers of slurry pumps have taken all of the above factors into consideration and have designed pumps to give the end user maximum expected life. Unfortunately, there are some compromises that are made in order to provide an acceptable pump life. The following short table shows the design feature, benefit, and compromise of the slurry pump. SLURRY PUMP DESIGN



Specialty Materials Semi Volute or Concentric Casing Extra Rigid Power Ends



Benefit Longer component life Slower pump speeds longer component life Longer component life



Compromise Heavier, more expensive parts Heavier, more expensive parts Expensive parts



Improved pump life Loss in efficiency Improved bearing lives



More expensive shafts and bearings



Although selecting the proper slurry pump for a particular application can be quite complex, the selection task can be broken down into a simplified three-step process: 1. Determine which group of possible pump selections best matches your specific application. 2. Plot the system curve depicting the required pump head at various capacities. 3. Match the correct pump performance curve with the system curve. Slurry pumps can be broken down into two main categories. The rubber-lined pump and the hard metal pump. However, because of the elastomer lining, the rubber-lined pumps have a somewhat limited application range. Below is a general guideline which helps distinguish when to apply the rubber-lined pumps. Rubber Lined Solids < 1/2 inch (13mm) Temperature < 300° F (150°C) Low Head service < 150 feet (46m) Rounded particles Complete pH range



5150 RX CKX 5500 SRL-C SRL-XT



NOTES:



• Particle density



Design Feature Thick Wear Sections Larger Impellers



Slurry Pump Break Down Medium Slurries Heavy Slurries



Hard Metal Pump Solids > 1/4 inch (6.4mm) Temperature < 250° F (120°C) Heads above 150 feet (46m) Sharp/Jagged particles pH range from 4 to 12 Hydrocarbon based slurry



1301



The Model HS pump is a unique pump in that it is a recessed impeller or “vortex" pump. This style pump is well suited to handle light pulpy or fibrous slurries. The recessed impeller used in the HS family of pumps will pass large stringy fibers and should be considered when pump plugging is a concern. The Model AF is a specialized pump with an axial flow design. This design of pump is built specifically for high flow, low head applications. In general, slurry pumps have been designed to handle fluids with abrasive solids and will give extended lives over standard water or process pumps. Although many features have been designed into the slurry pump, there are still two factors which directly relate to the pump's life that can be determined. The first choice to make is determining the metallurgy of the pump. In most cases, a hard metal slurry pump will be constructed of some hardened metal with a Brinell hardness of at least 500. Goulds standard slurry pump material is a 28% chrome iron with a minimum hardness of 600 Brinell. This material is used for most abrasive services and can also be used in some corrosive fluids as well. If a more corrosive resistant material is required, then the pump may be constructed out of a duplex Stainless Steel such as CD4MCu. Please check with your nearest Goulds sales office if you are unsure what material will be best suited for a particular application. PUMP RUNNING SPEED The other factor that can be controlled by the sales or end user engineer is the pump running speed. The running speed of a slurry pump is one of the most important factors which determines the life of the pump. Through testing, it has been proven that a slurry pump's wear rate is proportional to the speed of the pump raised to the 21/2 power. EXAMPLE: If Pump (A) is running at 1000 RPM and Pump (B) is running at 800 RPM, then the life factor for Pump (B) as compared to Pump (A) is (1000/800)2.5 or Pump (B) will last 1.75 times as long as Pump (A). With the above ratio in mind, it can be shown that by cutting a slurry pump speed in half, you get approximately 6 times the wear life. For this reason, most slurry pumps are V-belt driven with a full diameter impeller. This allows the pump to run at the slowest possible running speed and, therefore, providing the maximum pump life.



TECH-D



WHY USE A V-BELT DRIVE? In most ANSI pump applications it is a reasonable practice to control condition point by trimming the impeller and direct connecting the motor. However, this is not always sound practice in slurry applications. The abrasive solids present, wear life is enhanced by applying the pump at the slowest speed possible. Another situation where V-belts are beneficial is in the application of axial flow pumps. Axial flow pumps cannot be trimmed to reduce the condition point because they depend on close clearances between the vane tips and the casing for their function. The generally low RPM range for axial flow application also makes it beneficial to use a speed reduction from the point of view of motor cost.



The types of V-belt drives available for use in pump applications are termed fixed speed, or fixed pitch, and variable speed. The fixed pitch drive consists of two sheaves; each machined to a specific diameter, and a number of belts between them to transmit the torque. The speed ratio is roughly equal to the diameter ratio of the sheaves. The variable speed drive is similar to the fixed speed except that the motor sheave can be adjusted to a range of effective or pitch diameters to achieve a band of speed ratios. This pitch adjustment is made by changing the width of the Vgrooves on the sheave. Variable speed drives are useful in applications where an exact flow rate is required or when the true condition point is not well defined at the time that the pump is picked. V-belt drives can be applied up to about 2000 horsepower, but pump applications are usually at or below 350 HP.



TECH-D-8C Solids and Slurries - Useful Formulas a. The formula for specific gravity of a solids-liquids mixture or slurry, Sm is: Ss x S1 Sm = Ss + Cw (S1 – Ss ) where, Sm = S1 = Ss = Cw = Cv =



EXAMPLE: if the liquid has a specific gravity of 1.2 and the concentration of solids by weight is 35% with the solids having a specific gravity of 2.2, then: 2.2 x 1.2 Sm = = 1.43 2.2 + .35 (1.2 – 2.2) b. Basic relationships among concentration and specific gravities of solid liquid mixtures are shown below: Ss, Sm, S1



Cv



Sm-S1



Cw



(Sm – S1) Ss x (Ss – S1) Sm



Cv



Cw Cw Sm Ss



Ss-S1 Cv Ss Sm



Where pumps are to be applied to mixtures which are both corrosive and abrasive, the predominant factor causing wear should be identified and the materials of construction selected accordingly. This often results in a compromise and in many cases can only be decided as a result of test or operational experience. For any slurry pump application, a complete description of the mixture components is required in order to select the correct type of pump and materials of construction. weight of dry solids CW = weight of dry solids + weight of liquid phase Cv =



where, Qm = slurry flow (U.S. gallons per minute) 1 ton = 2000 lbs.



specific gravity of mixture or slurry specific gravity of liquid phase specific gravity of solids phase concentration of solids by weight concentration of solids by volume



In Terms of



c. Slurry flow requirements can be determined from the expression: Qm = 4 x dry solids (tons per hour) Cw = Sm



volume of dry solids volume of dry solids + volume of liquid phase



See nomograph for the relationship of concentration to specific gravity of dry solids in water shown in Fig. B.



EXAMPLE: 2,400 tons of dry solids is processed in 24 hours in water with a specific gravity of 1.0 and the concentration of solids by weight is 30% with the solids having a specific gravity of 2.7 then: 2.7 x 1.0 Sm = = .123 2.7 + .3 (1-2.7)



Qm = 4 x 100 = 1,084 U.S. GPM .3 x 1.23 d. Abrasive wear: Wear on metal pumps increases rapidly when the particle hardness exceeds that of the metal surfaces being abraded. If an elastomer lined pump cannot be selected, always select metals with a higher relative hardness to that of the particle hardness. There is little to be gained by increasing the hardness of the metal unless it can be made to exceed that of the particles. The effective abrasion resistance of any metal will depend on its position on the mohs or knoop hardness scale. The relationships of various common ore minerals and metals is shown in Fig. A. Wear increases rapidly when the particle size increases. The life of the pump parts can be extended by choosing the correct materials of construction. Sharp angular particles cause about twice the wear of rounded particles. Austenetic maganese steel is used when pumping large dense solids where the impact is high. Hard irons are used to resist erosion and, to a lesser extent, impact wear. Castable ceramic materials have excellent resistance to cutting erosion but impeller tip velocities are usually restricted to 100 ft./sec. Elastomer lined pumps offer the best wear life for slurries with solids under 1/4" for the SRL/SRL-C and under 1/2" for the SRL-XT. Several Elastomers are available for different applications. Hypalon is acceptable in the range of 1-14 pH. There is a single stage head limitation of about 150' due to tip speed limitations of elastomer impellers. See the Classification of Pumps according to Solids Size chart (Fig. C) and Elastomer Quick Selection Guide (Section TECH-B-2) for more information.



TECH-D



1302



Solids and Slurries



Approximate Comparison of Hardness Values of Common Ores and Minerals



Fig. A



1303



TECH-D



Solids and Slurries



Nomograph of the Relationship of Concentration to Specific Gravity in Aqueous Slurries



Ss Solids Specific Gravity



Cv % Solids by Volume



Cw % Solids by Weight



Sm Slurry Specific Gravity Fig. B



TECH-D



1304



Solids and Slurries



Classification of Pumps According to Solid Size



Grade Mesh Very large boulders Large boulders Medium boulders Small boulders Large cobbles



Austenetic Manganese Steel Dredge Pump



Small cobbles Very coarse gravel Coarse Gravel Hard Iron Medium Gravel SRL-XT Fine Gravel



Very Fine Gravel



Sand & Gravel Pump



Severe Duty Slurry Pump



SRL-C



Very Coarse Sand



Sand Pump



Coarse Sand SRL/ SRL-C Medium Sand



Slurry Pump



Fine Sand



Silt Slimes



Ceramic Lined



2.5 3 3.5 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 14 16 20 24 28 32 35 42 48 60 65 80 100 115 150 170 200 250 270 325 400 *500 *625 *1250 *2500 *12500



Pulverized



Tyler Standard Sieve Series Aperture Inch mm 160 4060 80 2030 40 1016 20 508 10 254 3 76.2 2 50.8 1.5 38.1 1.050 26.67 .883 22.43 .742 18.85 .624 15.85 .524 13.33 .441 11.20 .371 9.423 .321 7.925 .263 6.680 .221 5.613 .185 4.699 .156 3.962 .131 3.327 .110 2.794 .093 2.362 .078 1.981 .065 1.651 .055 1.397 0.46 1.168 0.39 .991 0.328 .833 0.276 .701 .0232 .589 .0195 .495 .0164 0.417 .0138 .351 .116 .295 .0097 .248 .0082 .204 .0069 .175 .0058 .147 .0049 .124 .0041 .104 .0035 .089 .0029 .074 .0024 .061 .0021 .053 .0017 .043 .0015 .038 .025 .020 .10 .005 .001 .0005 .0024



NOTE: This tabulation is for general guidance only since the selection of pump type and materials of construction also depends on the total head to be generated and the abrasivity of the slurry i.e. concentration, solids specific gravity, etc.



Mud Clay



* Theoretical values Micron = .001 mm



Fig. C



1305



TECH-D



Solids and Slurries



Standard Screen Sizes Comparison Chart U.S. Bureau of Standard Screens



Tyler Screens



Aperture



British Standard Screens



Aperture



Mesh



Inches



mm



Mesh 21/2 3



Inches .321 .263 .221 .185 .156 .131 .110 .093 .078 .065



mm 7.925 6.680 5.613 4.699 3.962 3.327 2.794 2.362 1.981 1.651



3 31/2 4 5 6 7 8 10 12



.265 .223 .187 .157 .132 .111 .0937 .0787 .0661



6.73 5.66 4.76 4.00 3.36 2.83 2.38 2.00 1.68



14



.0555



1.41



.055



1.397



16



.0469



1.19



14



.046



1.168



18 20



.0394 .0331



1.00 .84



20



.039 .0328



.991 .883



25



.0280



.71



.0276



.701



30 35 40 45



.0232 .0197 .0165 .0138



.59 .50 .42 .35



28



.0232 .0195 .0164 .0138



.589 .495 .417 .351



50 60 70 80 100



.0117 .0098 .0083 .0070 .0059



.297 .250 .210 .177 .149



48



.0116 .0097 .0082 .0069 .0058



.295 .246 .208 .175 .147



120 140 170 200 230 270 325



.0049 .0041 .0035 .0029 .0024 .0021 .0017



.125 .105 .088 .074 .062 .053 .044



.0049 .0041 .0035 .0029 .0024 .0021 .0017 .0015



.124 .104 .088 .074 .061 .053 .043 .037



4 6 8 10



35



65 100



150 200 270 400



Apeture Mesh Double Tyler Series



Aperture



Mesh



Inches



mm



Mesh



Inches



mm



5 6 7 8 10



.1320 .1107 .0949 .0810 0.660



3.34 2.81 2.41 2.05 1.67



5



.100



2.54



8



.062



1.574



12



.0553



1.40 10



.050



1.270



14



.0474



1.20 12



.0416



1.056



16



16 18



.0395 .0336



1.00 .85 16



.0312



.792



24



22



.0275



.70 20



.025



.635



25 30 36 44



.0236 .0197 .0166 .0139



.60 .50 .421 .353



25 30 35 40



.020 .0166 .0142 .0125



.508 .421 .361 .317



52 60 72 85 100



.0166 .0099 .0083 .0070 .0060



.295 .252 .211 .177 .152



120 150 170 200 240 300



.0049 .0041 .0035 .0030 .0026 .0021



.125 .105 .088 .076 .065 .053



50 60 70 80 90 100 120 150 170 200



.01 .0083 .0071 .0062 .0055 .0050 .0042 .0033 .0029 .0025



.254 .211 .180 .157 .139 .127 .107 .084 .074 .063



31/2 5 7 9



12



32 42



60 80



115 170 250 325



Fig. D



TECH-D



I.M.M. Screens



1306



Solids and Slurries



Specific Gravities of Rocks, Minerals and Ores Material



Specific Gravity Mohs Hardness



Aluminum Amber Ambylgonite Andesine Aragonite, CaCO3 Argentite Asbestos Asphaltum Asphalt Rock Barite Basalt Bauxite Bentonite Bertrandite Beryl Biotite Bone Borax Bornite Braggite Braunite Brick Calcite Carnotite Cassiterite



2.55- 2.75 1.06-1.11 3-3.1 2.66- 2.94 2.94-2.95 7.2-7.4 2.1-2.4 1.1-1.5 2.41 4.5 2.4-3.1 2.55-2.73 1.6 2.6 2.66- 2.83 2.7-3.1 1.7-2 1.71-1.73 5.06-5.08 10 4.72- 4.83 1.4-2.2 2.72-2.94 2.47 6.99-7.12



Carbon, Amorphous Graphitic



1.88-2.25



Celluloid Cerussite Chalcocite Chalcopyrite Chalk Charcoal, Pine Charcoal, Oak Chromite Chrysoberyl Cinnabar Clay Coal, Anthracite Coal, Bituminous Coal, Lignite Cobaltite Coke Colemanite Columbite Copper Cork Covellite Cuprite Diabase Diatomaceous Earth Diorite Dolomite Enargite Epidote Feldspar Fluorite Fly Ash Galena Glass Goethite Gold Granite Graphite Gravel, Dry Gravel, Wet Gypsum Halite Hausmannite Helvite Hematite



1.4 6.5- 6.57 5.5-5.8 4.1-4.3 1.9-2.8 0.28-0.44 0.47-0.57 4.5 3.65-3.85 8.09 1.8-2.6 1.4-1.8 1.2-1.5 1.1-1.4 6.2 1-1.7 1.73 5.15-5.25 8.95 0.22-0.26 4.6-4.76 6 2.94 0.4-0.72 2.86 2.8-2.86 4.4-4.5 3.25-3.5 2.55-2.75 3.18 2.07 7.3-7.6 2.4-2.8 3.3-4.3 19.3 2.6-2.9 2.2-2.72 1.55 2 2.3-2.37 2.2 4.83-4.85 3.2-3.44 4.9-5.3



Material



1-2



Hessite Ice Ilmenite Iron, Slag Lepidolite Lime, slaked Limestone Limonite Linnaeite Magnetite Manganite Marble Marl Millerite Monazite Molybdenite Muscovite Niccolite Orpiment Pentlandite Petalite Phosophite Phosphorus, white Polybasite



5.5-6 6-6.5 3.5-4 2-2.5 2 3-3.5 8-9 6 7.5-8 2.5-3 2-2.5 3 6-6.5 3 1-2 6-7



Potash Powellite Proustiie Psilomelane Pumice Pyragyrite Pyrites Pyrolusite Quartz Quartzite Realgar Rhodochrosite Rhodonite Rutile Sand (see Quartz) Sandstone Scheelite Schist Serpentine Shale Siderite Silica, fused trans. Slag, Furnace Slate Smaltite Soapstone, talc Sodium Nitrate Sperrylite Spodumene Sphalerite Stannite Starch Stibnite Sugar Sulfur Sylvanite Taconite Tallow, beef Tantalite Tetrahedrite Titanite Trap Rock Uraninite Witherite Wolframite Zinc Blende Zincite



3-3.5 2.5-3 3.5-4



5.5 8.5 2-2.5 2 2 5.5 4.5 6 2.5-3 1.5-2 3.5-4



3.5-4 3 6 4 2.5-2.75 7 5-5.5 2.5-3 1-2 4-5 2 2.5 5.5 6 5-6



Specific Gravity Mohs Hardness 8.24- 8.45 0.917 4.68-4.76 2.5-3 2.8-2.9 1.3- 1.4 2.4-2.7 3.6-4 4.89 4.9-5.2 4.3-4.4 2.5-2.78 2.23 5.3-5.7 5.1 4.62-4.73 2.77- 2.88 7.784 3.5 4.8 2.412-2.422 3.21 1.83 6-6.2 Porphyry 2.2 4.21-4.25 5.57 4.71 0.37-0.9 5.85 4.95-5.1 4.8 2.5-2.8 2.68 3.56 3.7 3.57-3.76 4.2-5.5 1.7-3.2 2-3.2 6.08-6.12 2.6-3 2.5 1.6-2.9 3.9-4 2.21 2-3.9 2.8-2.9 6.48 2.6-2.8 2.2 10.58 3.03-3.22 3.9-4.1 4.3-4.5 1.53 4.61-4.65 1.59 1.93-2.07 8.161 3.18 0.94 7.9-8 4.6-5.1 3.5 2.79 8-11 4.29-4.3 7.12-7.51 4.02 5.64-5.68



2-3 5-6 2.5-4 2-5 5.5-6.5 4 4 3-3.5 5 1-1.5 2.5-3 5-5.5 1.5-2 2.5-3 6.5 2.3 2.6-2.9 3.5-4 2-2.5 5-6 2.5 3.5-4.5 6-6.5 7-8 7 1.5-2 3.5-4 5.5-6.5 6-6.5 7 7 4.5-5 2.5-3.5 4-4.5



2 6-7 6.5-7 3.5-4 4 2 1.5-2.5 1.5-2 6.5 3-4.5 5-6 3.5 4-4.5 4 4



Fig. E



1307



TECH-D



Solids and Slurries



Hardness Conversion Table for Carbon and Alloy Steels Brinell Hardness Number (Carbide Ball) 722 688 654 615 577 543 512 481 455 443 432 421 409 400 309 381 371 362 353 344 336 327 319 311 301 294 286 279 271 264 258 253 247 243 240 234 222 210 200 195 185 176 169



Rockwell Hardness Numbers



C Scale



A Scale



15N Scale Superficial



66 64 62 60 58 56 54 52 50 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23



84.5 83.4 82.3 81.2 80.1 79 78 76.8 75.9 74.7 74.1 73.6 73.1 72.5 72 71.5 70.9 70.4 69.9 69.4 68.9 68.4 67.9 67.4 66.8 66.3 65.8 65.3 64.6 64.3 63.8 63.3 62.8 62.4 62



92.5 91.8 91.1 90.2 89.3 88.3 87.4 86.4 85.5 84.5 83.9 83.5 83 82.5 82 81.5 80.9 80.4 79.9 79.4 78.8 78.3 77.7 77.2 76.6 76.1 75.6 75 74.5 73.9 73.3 72.8 72.2 71.6 71



Tensile Strength



B Scale



100 99 97 95 93 92 90 88 86 Fig. F



TECH-D



1308



30T Scale Superficial



ksl



MPa



83.1 82.5 81.1 79.8 78.4 77.8 76.4 75.1 73.8



313 292 273 255 238 229 221 215 208 201 194 188 182 177 171 166 161 156 152 149 146 141 138 135 131 128 125 123 119 117 116 114 104 100 94 92 89 86 83



2160 2010 1880 1760 1640 1580 1520 1480 1430 1390 1340 1300 1250 1220 1180 1140 1110 1080 1050 1030 1010 970 950 930 900 880 860 850 820 810 800 785 715 690 650 635 615 590 570



Solids and Slurries Slurry Pump Materials MTL CODE



COMMON NAME



ASTM NUMBER



BRINELL HARDNESS



CHARACTERISTICS AND TYPICAL APPLICATIONS



pH RANGE



1002



Cast Iron



196-228



Offers moderate resistance to abrasion and corrosion. It is suitable for light slurry applications, particularly those for intermittent service.



6-9



1228



HC600



550-650



Hardened HC600 (High Chromium Iron)



5-12



1245



316SS



159-190



Used for high corrosive, mildly abrasive applications.



3-11



1247



CD4MCu



A48 CI. 35B A532 CI. III Type A A743 GR. CF-8M A734 Gr. CD4MCu



224-325



This is a high strength corrosion resistant alloy for mildly abrasive applications.



MTL CODE



Cr



Ni



1002 1228 1245 1247



23.0-28.0 18.0-21.0 25.0-27.0



15 Max 9.0-12.0 5.0-6.0



PRINCIPAL ALLOYING ELEMENTS (%, Bal Fe) C Mn Si 3.25-3.35 2.3-3.0 0.08 Max 0.4 Max



0.45-0.70 0.5-1.5 1.5 Max -



1.70-1.90 1.0 Max 2.0 Max -



Mo



Others



1.5 Max 2.0-3.0 2.0



Cu 3.0



Fig. G



Slurry Pump Application Guidelines Slurry



Solid Size Larger 1/4"



Solids Size 1/2" Smaller



Impeller Tip Speed > 5500 FPM (High Head)



Solids Size Larger than 1/2"



5500



Solids Round in Shape



Solids Sharp & Angular



SRL-XT 5500



5500



Slurry Contains Entrained Air (Froth)



Solids Size 1/4" Smaller



Solids Sharp & Angular



SP, JC, SRL-XT (with metal Inpeller)



Slurry Contains Stringy Material



Solids Round in Shape



SRL, SRL-C (with froth factor sizing)



> 60 Mesh or > 25% Wt.



> 60 Mesh and > 25% Wt.



SRL-C



SRL SRL-C



SRL, SRL-X (Shearpeller)



SRL-C/SRL-XT With Metal or Urethane Impallers or Series Operation



1309



TECH-D



TECH-D-9A Vapor Pressure – Various Liquids



TECH-D



1310



VACUUM–INCHES OF MERCURY



ABSOLUTE PRESSURE–LBS. PER SQ. IN.



GAUGE PRESSURE–LBS. PER SQ. IN.



TECH-D-9A Vapor Pressure – Various Liquids



1311



TECH-D



Section TECH-E Paper Stock TECH-E-1 Paper Stock Discussion Centrifugal pumps are used with complete success in handling paper stock and other fibrous suspensions. However, the nature of a stock suspension requires certain special considerations. All of the factors affecting pump operation discussed below must be carefully considered for a good installation.



AIR IN STOCK



SUCTION PIPING



EXCESSIVE DISCHARGE THROTTLING



The stock must be delivered freely to the impeller for the pump to operate. The suction pipe should be as short and direct as possible. The suction pipe and entrance from the stock chest should never be smaller than the pump suction connection, and should be level with no air pockets. Always keep the direction of flow in a straight line.



While it is realized that excess capacity is normally required over the paper machine output in tons per day, "over-selection" of pumps on the basis of capacity and head usually results in the necessity of throttling the pump at the valve in the discharge line. Since the valve is normally located adjacent to the pump, the restriction of the valve and the high velocity within the valve will result in some dehydration and cause vibration due to slugs of stock. Vibration at the valve due to throttling is transmitted to the pump and may reduce the normal life of the pump-rotating element.



Inadequate suction design with undersize pipe and excessive fittings can prevent the pump from delivering rated capacity, or from operating at all on high consistency stocks. SUCTION HEAD Stock pumps will not operate when a vacuum is required to maintain flow into the pump. Thus, there must be a static suction head sufficient to overcome suction line friction losses. PERCENT CONSISTENCY The consistency of a pulp and water suspension is the percent by weight of pulp in the mixture. Oven Dry (O.D.) consistency is the amount of pulp left in a sample after drying in an oven at 212°F. Air Dry (A.D.) consistency is an arbitrary convention used by papermakers, and is the amount of pulp left in a sample after drying in atmosphere. Air Dry stock contains 10% more moisture than Bone Dry stock, i.e. 6% O.D. is 6.67% A.D. Traditional paper stock pumps will handle stock up to approximately 6% O.D. consistency. The absolute maximum limit is a function of many factors including stock fiber length, pulping process, degree of refining, available suction head, etc. In certain situations, consistencies as high as 8% O.D. can be successfully handled with a standard paper stock pump. Recent testing on various types of stock has indicated that pump performance is the same as on water for stock consistencies up to 6% O.D. In other words, water curves can be used to select stock pumps, as the capacity, head and efficiency are the same as for water. Medium consistency paper stock is a term generally used to describe stock between 7% and 15% O.D. consistency. Pumping of medium consistency paper stock with a centrifugal pump is possible, but requires a special design due to the fiber network strength and the inherently high air content.



TECH-E



Entrained air is detrimental to good operation of any centrifugal pump, and can result in reduced capacity, increased erosion and shaft breakage. Obviously every effort must be made to prevent the over-entrainment of air throughout the process.



Centrifugal pumps operating at greatly reduced capacity have more severe loading internally due to hydraulic radial thrust. Hence pumps selected too greatly oversize in both capacity and head have the combination of the vibration due to throttling plus the greater internal radial load acting to reduce the life of the rotating element. As a general rule, stock pumps should not be operated for extended periods at less than one quarter of their capacity at maximum efficiency. When excessive throttling is required, one of the two methods below should be employed. 1. Review capacity requirements and check the static and friction head required for the capacity desired. Reduce the impeller diameter to meet the maximum operating conditions. This will also result in considerable power saving. 2. Install a by-pass line upstream from the discharge valve back to the suction chest below the minimum chest level, if possible, and at a point opposite the chest opening to the pump suction. This by-pass line should include a valve for flow regulation. This method is suggested where mill production includes variation in weight of sheet. FILLERS AND ADDITIVES The presence of fillers and chemical additives such as clay, size and caustics can materially increase the ability of paper stock to remain in suspension. However, overdosing with additives such as alum may cause gas formation on the stock fibers resulting in interruption of pumping.



1312



TECH-E-2 Conversion Chart of Mill Output in Tons per 24 Hours To U.S. Gallons per Minute of Paper Stock of Various Densities



EXAMPLE: Find the capacity in gallons per minute of a pump handling 4% stock for a mill producing 200 tons per 24 hours.



Enter chart at 200 tons per day, read horizontally to 4% stock, then downward to find pump capacity of 840 GPM.



TECH-E-2.1 Definitions / Conversion Factors A.D. = Air Dry stock (Contains 10% Water)



T/ D or TPD or S. T/ D = Short Tons Per Day



O.D. = Oven Dry stock (All Water Removed) Also Called Bone Dry (B.D.)



M. T/ D = Metric Tons per Day



One Short Ton = 2000 lbs.



A.D. = 1.11 x O.D.



One Metric Ton = 2205 lbs.



O.D. = 0.90 x A.D.



A.D.S. T/ D = Air Dry Short Tons/Day



A.D. = 1.11 O.D.T/ D



A.D.M. T/ D = Alr Dry Metric Tons/Day



O.D. = 0.90 x A.D. T/ D



S. T/ D = 1.1025 x M. T/ D



A.D. Consistency = 1.11 x O.D. Consistency O.D. Consistency = 0.90 x A.D. Consistency



Production in A. D. S. T/ D x 15 = Flow in GPM % O.D. Cons. Production in A. D. S. T/ D x 16.67 = Flow in GPM % A.D. Cons.



1313



TECH-E



TECH-E-3 Friction Loss of Pulp Suspensions in Pipe I. INTRODUCTION In any stock piping system, the pump provides flow and develops hydraulic pressure (head) to overcome the differential in head between two points. This total head differential consists of pressure head, static head, velocity head and total friction head produced by friction between the pulp suspension and the pipe, bends, and fittings. The total friction head is the most difficult to determine because of the complex, nonlinear nature of the friction loss curve. This curve can be affected by many factors. The following analytical method for determining pipe friction loss is based on the published TAPPI Technical Information Sheet



(TIS) 408-4 (Reference 1), and is applicable to stock consistencies (oven-dried) from 2 to 6 percent. Normally, stock consistencies of less than 2% (oven-dried) are considered to have the same friction loss characteristic as water. The friction loss of pulp suspensions in pipe, as presented here, is intended to supersede the various methods previously issued. II. BACKGROUND Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 show typical friction loss curves for two different consistencies (C2>C1) of chemical pulp and mechanical pulp, respectively.



Fig. 1 – Friction loss curves for chemical pulp (C2 > C1).



Fig. 2 – Friction loss curves for mechanical pulp (C2 > C1).



The friction loss curve for chemical pulp can be conveniently divided into three regions, as illustrated by the shaded areas of Fig. 3.



Fig. 3 – Friction loss curves for chemical pulp, shaded to show individual regions.



TECH-E



Fig. 4 – Friction loss curves for mechanical pulp, shaded to show individual regions.



1314



These regions may be described as follows:



IV. PIPE FRICTION ESTIMATION PROCEDURE



Region 1 (Curve AB) is a linear region where friction loss for a given pulp is a function of consistency, velocity, and pipe diameter. The velocity at the upper limit of this linear region (Point B) is designated Vmax.



The bulk velocity (V) will depend on the daily mass flow rate and the pipe diameter (D) selected. The final value of V can be optimized to give the lowest capital investment and operating cost with due consideration of future demands or possible system expansion.



Region 2 (Curve BCD) shows an initial decrease in friction loss (to Point C) after which the friction loss again increases. The intersection of the pulp friction loss curve and the water friction loss curve (Point D) is termed the onset of drag reduction. The velocity at this point is designated Vw.



The bulk velocity will fall into one of the regions previously discussed. Once it has been determined in which region the design velocity will occur, the appropriate correlations for determining pipe friction loss value(s) may be selected. The following describes the procedure to be used for estimating pipe friction loss in each of the regions.



Region 3 (Curve DE) shows the friction loss curve for pulp fiber suspensions below the water curve. This is due to a phenomenon called drag reduction. Reference 2 describes the mechanisms which occur in this region.



Region 1 The upper limit of Region 1 in Figure 3 (Point B) is designated Vmax. The value of Vmax is determined using Equation 1 and data given in Table I or IA.



Regions 2 and 3 are separated by the friction loss curve for water, which is a straight line with a slope approximately equal to 2. The friction loss curve for mechanical pulp, as illustrated in Fig. 4, is divided into only two regions: Regions 1 and 3. For this pulp type, the friction loss curve crosses the water curve at VW and there is no true Vmax. III. DESIGN PARAMETERS To determine the pipe friction loss component for a specified design basis (usually daily mass flow rate), the following parameters must be defined: a)



b)



c)



d)



e)



Pulp Type - Chemical or mechanical pulp, long or short fibered, never dried or dried and reslurried, etc. This is required to choose the proper coefficients which define the pulp friction curve. Consistency, C (oven-dried) - Often a design constraint in an existing system. NOTE: If air-dried consistency is known, multiply by 0.9 to convert to oven-dried consistency. Internal pipe diameter, D - Lowering D reduces initial capital investment, but increases pump operating costs. Once the pipe diameter is selected, it fixes the velocity for a prespecified mass flow rate. Bulk velocity, V - Usually based on a prespecified daily mass flow rate. Note that both V and D are interdependent for a constant mass flow rate. Stock temperature, T - Required to adjust for the effect of changes in viscosity of water (the suspending medium) on pipe friction loss.



f)



Freeness - Used to indicate the degree of refining or to define the pulp for comparison purposes.



g)



Pipe material - Important to specify design correlations and compare design values.



Vmax = K' C  (ft/s),



1



where K' = numerical coefficient (constant for a given pulp is attained from Table I or IA. C = consistency (oven-dried, expressed as a percentage, not decimally), and



 = exponent (constant for a given pulp), obtained from Table I or IA. It the proposed design velocity (V) is less than Vmax, the value of flow resistance ( H/ L) may be calculated using Equation 2 and data given in Table II or IIA, and the appendices. H/L = F K V C Dy (ft/100 ft),



2



where F = factor to correct for temperature, pipe roughness, pulp type, freeness, or safety factor (refer to Appendix D), K = numerical coefficient (constant for a given pulp), obtained from Table II or IIA, V = bulk velocity (ft/s), C = consistency (oven-dried, expressed as a percentage, not decimally), D = pipe inside diameter (in), and



, , y =exponents (constant for a given pulp), obtained from Table II or IIA. For mechanical pumps, there is no true Vmax. The upper limit of the correlation equation (Equation 2 ) is also given by Equation 1 . In this case, the upper velocity is actually Vw. Region 2 The lower limit of Region 2 in Fig. 3 (Point B) is Vmax and the upper limit (Point D) is Vw. The velocity of the stock at the onset of drag reduction is determined using Equation 3 3



VW = 4.00 C1.40 (ft/s), where C = consistency (oven-dried, expressed as a percentage, not decimally).



If V is between Vmax and Vw, Equation 2 may be used to determine H/ L at the maximum point (Vmax). Because the system must cope with the worst flow condition, H/ L at the maximum point (Vmax) can be used for all design velocities between Vmax and Vw.



1315



TECH-E



Region 3 A conservative estimate of friction loss is obtained by using the water curve. ( H/ L)w can be obtained from a Friction Factor vs. Reynolds Number plot (Reference 3, for example), or approximated from the following equation (based on the Blasius equation). (



H/ L)w = 0.58. V1.75 D-1.25 (ft/100 ft),



4



where V = bulk velocity (ft/s), and



APPENDIX A When metric (SI) units are utilized, the following replace the corresponding equations in the main text. Vmax = K' C  (m/s) where K = numerical coefficient (constant for a given pulp), obtained from Table I or IA, C = consistency (oven-dried, expressed as a percentage, not decimally), and



D = pipe diameter (in). Previously published methods for calculating pipe friction loss of pulp suspensions gave a very conservative estimate of head loss. The method just described gives a more accurate estimate of head loss due to friction, and has been used successfully in systems in North America and world-wide. Please refer to Appendix A for equivalent equations for use with metric (SI) units. Tables I and IA are located in Appendix B; Tables II and IIA are located in Appendix C. Pertinent equations, in addition to those herein presented, are located in Appendix D. Example problems are located in Appendix E.



 = exponent (constant for a given pulp), obtained from Table I or IA. H/ L = F K V  C D y (m/100m),



K = numerical coefficient (constant for a given pulp), obtained from Table II or IIA, V = bulk velocity (m/s), C = consistency (oven-dried, expressed as a percentage, not decimally),



The friction head loss of pulp suspensions in bends and fittings may be determined from the basic equation for head loss, Equation 5 .



g = acceleration due to gravity (32.2 ft/s2). Values of K for the flow of water through various types of bends and fittings are tabulated in numerous reference sources (Reference 3, for example). The loss coefficient for valves may be obtained from the valve manufacturer. The loss coefficient for pulp suspensions in a given bend or fitting generally exceeds the loss coefficient for water in the same bend or fitting. As an approximate rule, the loss coefficient (K) increases 20 percent for each 1 percent increase in oven-dried stock consistency. Please note that this is an approximation; actual values of K may differ, depending on the type of bend or fitting under consideration (4).



TECH-E



D = pipe inside diameter (mm), and



, , y = exponents (constant for a given pulp), obtained from Table II or IIA.



5



V1 = inlet velocity (ft/s), and



2M



where F = factor to correct for temperature, pipe roughness, pulp type, freeness, or safety factor (refer to Appendix D),



V. HEAD LOSSES IN BENDS AND FITTINGS



H = K V12/ 2g (ft), where K = loss coefficient for a given fitting,



1M



VW = 1.22 C1.40 (m/s),



3M



where C = consistency (oven-dried, expressed as a percentage, not decimally). (



H/ L)w = 264 V1.75 D -1.25 (m/100m),



4M



where V = bulk velocity (m/s), and D = pipe inside diameter (mm). H = K V12/ 2g (m), where K = loss coefficient for a given fitting, V1 = inlet velocity (m/s), and g = acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s2).



1316



5M



APPENDIX B TABLE I Data for use with Equation 1 or Equation 1M to determine velocity limit, Vmax (1). Pulp Type



Pipe Material



K'







Unbeaten aspen sulfite never dried Long fibered kraft never dried CSF = 725 (6)



Stainless Steel PVC Stainless Steel PVC PVC PVC PVC Stainless Steel PVC PVC PVC PVC PVC PVC PVC PVC



0.85 (0.26) 0.98 (0.3) 0.89 (0.27) 0.85 (0.26) 0.75 (0.23) 0.75 (0.23) 0.79 (0.24) 0.59 (0.18) 0.49 (0.15) 0.69 (0.21) 4.0 (1.22) 4.0 (1.22) 4.0 (1.22) 4.0 (1.22) 4.0 (1.22) 0.59 (0.18)



1.6 1.85 1.5 1.9 1.65 1.8 1.5 1.45 1.8 1.3 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.8



Long fibered kraft never dried CSF = 650 (6) Long fibered kraft never dried CSF = 550 (6) Long fibered kraft never dried CSF = 260 (6) Bleached kraft never dried and reslurried (6) Long fibered kraft dried and reslurried (6) Kraft birch dried and reslurried (6) Stone groundwood CSF = 114 Refiner groundwood CSF = 150 Newsprint broke CSF = 75 Refiner groundwood (hardboard) Refiner groundwood (insulating board) Hardwood NSSC CSF = 620



NOTES: 1. When metric (SI) units are utilized, use the value of K' given in parentheses. When the metric values are used, diameter (D) must be in millimeters (mm) and velocity (V) in meters per second (m/s). 2. Original data obtained in stainless steel and PVC pipe. PVC is taken to be hydraulically smooth pipe. 3. Stainless steel may be hydraulically smooth although some manufacturing processes may destroy the surface and hydraulic smoothness is lost. 4. For cast iron and galvanized pipe, the K' values will be reduced. No systematic data are available for the effects of surface roughness. 5. If pulps are not identical to those shown, some engineering judgement is required. 6. Wood is New Zealand Kraft pulp.



TABLE IA Data (5, 6) for use with Equation 1 or Equation 1M determine velocity limit, Vmax. Pulp Type (5) Unbleached sulphite Bleached sulphite Kraft Bleached straw Unbleached straw



Pipe Material Copper Copper Copper Copper Copper



K' 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98



(0.3) (0.3) (0.3) (0.3) (0.3)



 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2



Estimates for other pulps based on published literature.



Pulp Type (5, 6) Cooked groundwood Soda NOTE:



Pipe Material



K'







Copper Steel



0.75 (0.23) 4.0 (1.22)



1.8 1.4



When metric (SI) units are utilized, use the value of K' given in parentheses. When the metric values are used, diameter (D) must be millimeters (mm) and velocity (V) in meters per second (m/s)



1317



TECH-E



APPENDIX C TABLE II Data for use with Equation 2 or Equation 2M to determine head loss, Pulp Type



K







Unbeaten aspen sulfite never dried Long fibered kraft never dried CSF = 725 (5) Long fibered kraft never dried CSF = 650 (5) Long fibered kraft never dried CSF = 550 (5) Long fibered kraft never dried CSF = 260 (5) Bleached kraft bleached and reslurred (5) Long fibered kraft dried and reslurred (5) Kraft birch dried and reslurred (5) Stone groundwood CSF = 114 Refiner groundwood CSF = 150 Newspaper broke CSF = 75 Refiner groundwood CSF (hardboard) Refiner groundwood CSF (insulating board) Hardwood NSSF CSF = 620



5.30 (235) 11.80 (1301) 11.30 (1246) 12.10 (1334) 17.00 (1874) 8.80 (970) 9.40 (1036) 5.20 (236) 3.81 (82) 3.40 (143) 5.19 (113) 2.30 (196) 1.40 (87) 4.56 (369)



0.36 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.27 0.27 0.18 0.36 0.23 0.32 0.43



H/ L (1).



 2.14 1.81 1.81 1.81 1.81 1.81 1.81 1.78 2.37 2.34 1.91 2.21 2.19 2.31



y -1.04 -1.34 -1.34 -1.34 -1.34 -1.34 -1.34 -1.08 -0.85 -1.09 -0.82 -1.29 -1.16 -1.20



NOTES: 1. When metric (SI) units are utilized, use the value of K given in parentheses. When the metric values are used, diameter (D) must be in millimeters (mm) and velocity must be in meters per second (m/s). 2. Original data obtained in stainless steel and PVC pipe (7,8, 9). 3. No safety factors are included in the above correlations. 4. The friction loss depends considerably on the condition of the inside of the pipe surface (10). 5. Wood is New Zealand Kraft pulp. TABLE IA Data (5, 6) for use with Equation 2 or Equation 2M to determine head loss, K







12.69 (1438) 11.40 (1291) 1140 (1291) 11.40 (1291) 5.70 (646)



0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36



K







6.20 (501) 6.50 (288)



0.43 0.36



Pulp Type (5) Unbleached sulfite Bleached sulfite Kraft Bleached straw Unbleached straw



H/ L.



 1.89 1.89 1.89 1.89 1.89



y -1.33 -1.33 -1.33 -1.33 -1.33



Estimates for other pulps based on published literature.



Pulp Type (5, 6) Cooked groundwood Soda NOTE:



2.13 1.85



y -1.20 -1.04



When metric (SI) units are utilized, use the value of K given in parentheses. When the metric values are used, diameter (D) must be millimeters (mm) and velocity (V) in meters per second (m/s)



APPENDIX D The following gives supplemental information to that where I.P.D. mill capacity (metric tons per day), provided in the main text. 1. Capacity (flow), Q — Q = 16.65 (T.P.D.) (U.S. GPM), C



(i)



Where T.P.D. = mill capacity (short tons per day), and C = consistency (oven-dried, expressed as a percentage, not decimally). If SI units are used, the following would apply: -3 Q = 1.157 (10 ) (T.P.D.) (m3/s), C



TECH-E







Where T.P.D. = mill capacity (metric tons per day), and C = consistency (oven-dried, expressed as a percentage, not decimally). 2. Bulk velocity, V — V = 0.321 Q (ft/s), or A



(ii)



V = 0.4085 Q D2



(ii)



(ft/s),



Where Q = capacity (U.S. GPM) A = inside area of pipe (in2), and D = inside diameter of pipe (in) (iM)



1318



The following would apply if SI units are used: 6 V = 1 (10 ) Q (m/s), or A 6 V = 1.273 (10 ) Q (m/s), D2



APPENDIX E (iiM) (iiM)



The following are three examples which illustrate the method for determination of pipe friction loss in each of the three regions shown in Figure 3. Example 1.



Where Q = capacity (m3/s), A = inside area of pipe (mm2), and D = inside diameter of pipe (mm)



Determine the friction loss (per 100 ft of pipe) for 1000 U.S. GPM of 4.5% oven-dried unbeaten aspen sulfite stock, never dried, in 8 inch schedule 40 stainless steel pipe (pipe inside diameter = 7.981 in). Assume the pulp temperature to be 95° F.



3.Multiplication Factor, F (.included in Equation 2 ) F = F1• F2 • F3 • F4 • F5, (iv) where F1 =correction factor for temperature. Friction loss calculations are normally based on a reference pulp temperature of 95° F (35°C). The flow resistance may be increased or decreased by 1 percent for each 1.8°F (1°C) below or above 95°F (35°C), respectively. This may be expressed as follows: F1 = 1.528 - 0.00556 T, (v) where T = pulp temperature (° F), or F1 = 1.35 - 0.01 T, (vM) where T = pulp temperature (°C). F2 = correction factor for pipe roughness. This factor may vary due to manufacturing processes of the piping, surface roughness, age, etc. Typical values for PVC and stainless steel piping are listed below: F2 = 1.0 for PVC piping, F2 = 1.25 for stainless steel piping. Please note that the above are typical values; experience and/or additional data may modify the above factors. F3 = correction factor for pulp type. Typical values are listed below: F3 = 1.0 for pulps that have never been dried and reslurried, F3 = 0.8 for pulps that have been dried and reslurried. NOTE: This factor has been incorporated in the numerical coefficient, K, for the pulps listed in Table II. When using Table II, F3 should not be used. F4 = correction factor for beating. Data have shown that progressive beating causes, initially, a small decrease in friction loss, followed by a substantial increase. For a kraft pine pulp initially at 725 CSF and F4 = 1.0, beating caused the freeness to decrease to 636 CSF and F4 to decrease to 0.96. Progressive beating decreased the freeness to 300 CSF and increased F4 to 1.37 (see K values in Table II). Some engineering judgement may be required. F5 = design safety factor. This is usually specified by company policy with consideration given to future requirements.



Solution: a) The bulk velocity, V, is V = 0.4085 Q, D2



(ii)



and Q = flow = 1000 U.S. GPM. D = pipe inside diameter = 7.981 in. 0.4085 (1000) = 6.41 ft/s. V= 7.9812 b) It must be determined in which region (1, 2, or 3) this velocity falls. Therefore, the next step is to determine the velocity at the upper limit of the linear region, Vmax. Vmax = K' C,



1



and K' = numerical coefficient = 0.85 (from Appendix B, Table I), C = consistency = 4.5%,



 = exponent = 1.6 (from Appendix B, Table I). Vmax = 0.85 (4.51.6) = 9.43 ft/s. c) Since Vmax exceeds V, the friction loss, H/ L, falls within the linear region, Region 1. The friction loss is given by the correlation: H/L =F K V C Dy



2



and F = correction factor = F1• F2 • F3 • F4 • F5, F1 = correction factor for pulp temperature. Since the pulp temperature is 95° F, F1 = 1.0, F2 = correction factor for pipe roughness. For stainless steel pipe, F2 = 1.25 (from Appendix D), F3 = correction factor for pulp type. Numerical coefficients for this pulp are contained in Appendix C, Table II, and have already incorporated this factor. F4 = correction factor for beating. No additional beating has taken place, therefore F4 = 1.0 (from Appendix D), F5 = design safety factor. This has been assumed to be unity. F5 = 1.0. F = (1.0) (1.25) (1.0) (1.0) (1.0) = 1.25, K = numerical coefficient = 5.30 (from Appendix C, Table II), , , y = exponents = 0.36, 2.14, and -1.04, respectively (from Appendix C, Table II), V, C, D have been evaluated previously.



1319



TECH-E



H/ L



= (1.25) (5.30) (6.410.36) (4.52.14) (7.981-1.04)



Example 3.



=(1.25) (5.30) (1.952) (25.0) (0.1153)



Determine the friction loss (per 100 ft of pipe) for 2% oven-dried bleached kraft pine, dried and reslurried, through 6 inch schedule 40 stainless steel pipe (inside diameter = 6.065 in). The pulp temperature is 90° F; the flow rate 1100 U.S. GPM.



= 37.28 ft head loss/100 ft of pipe. This is a rather substantial head loss, but may be acceptable for short piping runs. In a large system, the economics of initial piping costs versus power costs should be weighed, however, before using piping which gives a friction loss of this magnitude. Example 2. Determine the friction loss (per 100 ft of pipe) of 2500 U.S. GPM of 3% oven-dried bleached kraft pine, dried and reslurried, in 12 inch schedule 10 stainless steel pipe (pipe inside diameter = 12.39 in). Stock temperature is 1250°F. Solution:



Solution: a)The bulk velocity is V = 0.4085 Q, D2 = 0.4085 (1100) = 12.22 ft/s. 6.0652 b) It must be determined in which region (1, 2 or 3) this velocity falls. To obtain an initial indication, determine Vmax. Vmax = K' C ,



a) V, the bulk velocity, is V = 0.4085 Q, D2



(ii)







1



c) Since V exceeds Vmax, Region 1 (the linear region) is eliminated. To determine whether V lies in Region 2 or 3, the velocity at the onset of drag reduction, Vw, must be calculated. VW = 4.00 C1.40



and K' = 0.59 (from Appendix B, Table I),



3



= 4.00 (2.01.40) = 10.56 ft/s.



= 1.45 (from Appendix B, Table I).



d) V exceeds Vw, indicating that it falls in Region 3. The friction loss is calculated as that of water flowing at the same velocity.



Vmax = 0.59 (3.01.45) = 2.90 ft/s. c) Region 1 (the linear region) has been eliminated, since the bulk velocity, V, exceeds Vmax.



(



The next step requires calculation of Vw.



H/ L) w = 0.579 V1.75 D-1.25,



4



= 0.579 (12.221.75) (6.065-1.25)



3



VW = 4.00 C1.40



= 4.85 ft head loss/100 ft of pipe.



= 18.62 ft/s.



d) V exceeds Vmax, but is less than Vw, indicating that it falls in Region 2. The friction loss in this region is calculated by 2 . substituting Vmax into the equation for head loss, Equation H/ L = F K (Vmax)  C Dy, and F1 • F2 • F3 • F4 • F5; F1 = 1.528 - 0.00556T, and T = stock temperature = 125° F



(iv)



This will be a conservative estimate, as the actual friction loss curve for pulp suspensions under these conditions will be below the water curve.



REFERENCES (1)



TAPPI Technical Information Sheet (TIS) 408-4. Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry, Atlanta, Georgia (1981). (2) K. Molter and G.G. Duffy, TAPPI 61,1, 63 (1978).



(3)



Hydraulic Institute Engineering Data Book. First Edition, Hydraulic Institute, Cleveland, Ohio (1979).



F3 = F4 = F5 = 1.0,



(4)



K. Molter and G. Elmqvist, TAPPI 63. 3,101 (1980).



F = 0.833 (1.25) (1.0) = 1.041,



(5)



W. Brecht and H. Helte, TAPPI 33, 9, 14A (1950).



K = 8.80 (from Appendix C, Table II),



(6)



R.E. Durat and L.C. Jenness. TAPPI 39, 5, 277 (1956)



, , y =



(7)



K. Molter, G.G. Duffy and AL Titchener, APPITA 26, 4, 278 (1973)



(8)



G.G. Duffy and A.L. Titchener, TAPPI 57, 5, 162 (1974)



(9)



G.G. Duffy, K. Molter, P.F.W. Lee. and S.W.A. Milne, APPITA 27, 5, 327 (1974).



(v)



F1 = 1.528 - 0.00556 (125) = 0.833, F2 = 1.25 (from Appendix D),



0.31,1.81, and -1.34, respectively (from Appendix C, Table II),



Vmax, C, and D have been defined previously. H/L



= 1.45 (from Appendix B, Table I).



Vmax = 0.59 (201.40) = 1.61 ft/s.



b) The velocity at the upper limit of the linear region, Vmax, is Vmax = K' C ,



= 4.00



1



and K' = 0.59 (from Appendix B, Table I),



= 0.4085 (2500) = 6.65 ft/s. 12.392



(3.01.40)



(ii)



= 1.041 (8.80)



(2.900.31)



(3.01.81)



(12.39-1.34)



= 1.041 (8.80) (1.391) (7.304) (0.03430) = 3.19 ft head loss/100 ft of pipe.



(10) G.G. Duffy, TAPPI 59, 8, 124 (1976). (11) G.G. Duffy, Company Communications. Goulds Pumps. Inc.. (1980-1981)



TECH-E



1320



TECH-E-4 Pump Types Used in the Pulp & Paper Industry Mill Area



Woodyard



Pulp Mill



Bleach Plant



Stock Prep



Paper Machine (Wet End)



Paper Machine (Dry End) Coater



Kraft Recovery



Utility (Power House)



Miscellaneous



Recycle



Typical Services



Typical Pump Construction



Log Flume Log/Chip Pile spray Chip Washer



Al/316SS Trim AI/316SS trim Al/316SS Trim



Shower Supply Dilution Supply Screen Supply Cleaner Supply Decker Supply Hi/Med. Density Storage Transfer Medium Cons. Storage Chip Chute Circulation White Liquor Circulation Condensate Wash Liquor Circulation Brown Stock Storage Bleach Tower Storage Bleach Chemical Mixing High Density Storage Chemical Feed Washer Supply Washer Shower Water Dilution Water Medium Consistency O2 Reactor CI02 Generator Circulation Refiner Supply Deflaker Supply Machine Chest Supply Fan Pumps Couch Pit Saveall Sweetner Shower Dryer Drainage Condensate Trim Squirt Broke Chest Coating Slurries Kaolin Clay (Fillers) Weak Black Liquor Evaporator Circulation Concentrated Black Liquor Condensate Injection Black Liquor Transfer Pumps Smelt Spout Cooling Water Collection Weak Wash Scrubber Green Liquor (Storage Transfer) Lime Mud Dregs Feedwater Condensate Deaerator Booster



Al/31SS Al316SS Al316SS 316SS 316SS/317SS 316SS/317SS Various 316SS/317SS CD4MCu CD4MCu Al/316SS 316SS 316SS 316SS 317SS, 254 SMO, Titanium 316SS/317SS 316SS 316SS 316SS 316SS 316SS Titanium 316SS 316SS 316SS Al/316SS Trim, All 316SS Al/316SS Trim, All 316SS Al/316SS Trim, All 316SS Al/316SS Trim, All 316SS A/316SS Trim, All 316SS Al/316SS Trim, Al/316SS Trim Al/316SS Trim Al/316SS Trim 316SS/CD4MCu 316SS/CD4MCu 316SS 316SS 316SS 316SS 316SS CD4MCu Al/316SS Trim Al/316SS Trim 316SS/CD4MCu/28% Chrome 316SS/CD4MCu/28% Chrome 316SS/CD4MCu/28% Chrome 316SS/CD4MCu/28% Chrome CS/Chrome Trim/All Chrome 316SS 316SS



Mill Water Supply Sump Pumps



Al/316SS Trim Al/316SS Trim



Hole/Slot Screen Supply Rejects Float Cell Medium Consistency Storage Hydro Pulper Dilution Water



316SS/CD4MCu 316SS/CD4MCu 316SS 316SS/317SS 316SS/CD4MCu Al/316SS Trim



1321



Pump Type



Goulds Model



Mixed Flow Vertical Turbine Stock ANSI Double Suction Stock ANSI Double Suction Medium Consistency Hi Temp/Press Stock



MF VIT 3175, 3180/85 3196 3410, 3415, 3420 3175, 3180/85 3196 3410, 3415, 3420 3500 3181/86



Stock ANSI Medium Consistency Axial Flow Non-metallic



3175, 3180/85 3196 3500 AF NM 3196



Stock ANSI



3175, 3180/85 3196



Double Suction Stock Low Flow High Pressure Two-Stage ANSI Low Flow Stock



3415, 3420 3175, 3180/85 LF3196 3310H 3316 3196 LF 3196 3175, 3180/85



ANSI 3196 Medium Duty Slurry JC ANSI 3196 Stock 3175, 3180/85 Medium Duty Slurry JC High Temp/Pressure Stock 3181/86 High Pressure 3316 Multi Stage



Multi-Stage ANSI High Pressure Vertical Can Double Suction Vertical Turbine Self-Priming Vertical Sumps Vertical Sump; Recessed Submersible Stock Recessed ANSI Medium Consistency



3310H, 3600 3196 3700, VIC 3410, 3415, 3420 VIT 3796 3171 VHS HSU 3175, 3180/85 CV 3196,HS 3196 3500



TECH-E



Section TECH-F Mechanical Data TECH-F-1 Standard Weights and Dimensions of Mechanical Joint Cast Iron Pipe, Centrifugally Cast Extracted from USA Standard Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings (USAS B16. 1–1967), with the permission of the publisher. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, United Engineering Center, 345 East 47th Street, New York, New York 10017.



Nom. Size & (Outside Diam), In.



Thickness, In.



Wall Weight Per Foot*



Average Thickness Class



3 (3.96)



0.32 0.35 0.38 0.35 0.38 0.41 0.44 0.38 0.41 0.44 0.48 0.52 0.41 0.44 0.48 0.52 0.56 0.60 0.44 0.48 0.52 0.56 0.60 0.65 0.48 0.52 0.56 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.76 0.48 0.51 0.55 0.59 0.64 0.69 0.75 0.81



11.9 12.9 13.8 16.1 17.3 18.4 19.6 25.4 27,2 29.0 31.3 33.6 36.2 38.6 41.8 45.0 48.1 51.2 48.0 52.0 55.9 59.9 63.8 68.6 62.3 67.1 59.9 76.6 82.5 88.3 95.2 73.6 77.8 83.4 89.0 95.9 102.7 110.9 118.9



22 23 24 22 23 24 25 22 23 24 25 26 22 23 24 25 26 27 22 23 24 25 26 27 22 23 25 25 26 27 28 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28



4 (4.80)



6 (6.90)



8 (9.05)



10 (11.10)



12 (13.20)



14 (15.30)



Nom. Size & (Outside Diam), In.



16 (17.40)



18 (19.50)



20 (21.60)



24 (25.80)



*Based on 20 Ft. Laying Length of Mech. Joint Pipe including Bell.



TECH-F



1322



Thickness, In.



Wall Weight Per Foot*



Average Thickness Class



0.50 0.54 0.58 0.63 0.68 0.73 0.79 0.85 0.54 0.58 0.63 0.68 0.73 0.79 0.85 0.92 0.57 0.62 0.67 0.72 0.78 0.84 0.91 0.98 0.63 0.68 0.73 0.79 0.85 0.92 0.99 1.07



87.6 94.0 100.3 108.3 116.2 124.0 133.3 142.7 106.0 113.2 122.2 131.0 140.0 150.6 161.0 173.2 124.2 134.2 144.2 154.1 165.9 177.6 191.2 214.8 164.2 176.2 188.2 202.6 216.8 233.2 249.7 268.2



21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28



TECH-F-2 125 Lb. & 250 Lb. Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings Thickness of Flange (Min.)



Nomi- Diam. nal of Pipe Flange Size



1 11/4 11/2 2 21/2 3 31/2 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 30 36 42 48



41/4 4 5/8 5 6 7 71/2 81/2 9 10 11 131/2 16 19 21 231/2 25 271/2 32 383/4 46 53 591/2



Diam. of Bolt Circle



31/8 31/2 37/8 43/4 51/2 6 7 71/2 81/2 91/2 113/4 141/4 17 183/4 211/2 223/4 25 291/2 36 423/4 491/2 56



7/16 1/2 9 /16 5 /8 11 /16 3/4 13/16 15 /16 15 /16



1 11/8 13/16 11/4 13/8 17/16 19/16 111/16 17/8 21/8 23/8 25/8 23/4



Number of Bolts



4 4 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 8 12 12 12 16 16 20 20 28 32 36 44



Diam. of Bolts



Diam. of Length Drilled of Bolt Bolts Holes



1 /2 1 /2 1 /2 5 /8 5 /8 5 /8 5 /8 5 /8 3 /4 3 /4 3 /4 7 /8 7 /8



5/8 5/8 5/8 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 7/8 7/8 7/8



1 1 11/8 11/8 11/4 11/4 13/8 13/8 13/8 13/8 13/8



1 1 11/8 11/8 11/4 11/4 11/2 11/2 11/2



13/4 2 2 21/4 21/2 21/2 23/4 3 3 31/4 31/2 33/4 33/4 41/4 41/2 43/4 5 51/2 61/4 7 71/2 73/4



ThickNomi- Diam. ness nal of of Pipe Flange Flange3 Size (Min.)



Diam. of Bolt Circle



47/8 51/4 61/8 61/2 71/2 81/4 9 10 11 121/2 15 171/2 201/2 23 251/2 28 301/2 36 43 50 57 65



31/2 37/8 41/2 5 57/8 65/8 71/4 77/8 91/4 105/8 13 151/4 173/4 201/4 221/2 243/4 27 32 391/4 46 523/2 603/4



1 11/4 11/2 2 21/2 3 31/2 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 *30 *36 *42 *48



1 11/4 11/2 2 21/2 3 31/2 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 30 36 42 48



Center to Face



A



B



31/2 33/4 4 41/2 5 51/2 6 61/2 71/2 8 9 11 12 14 15 161/2 18 22 25 28* 31* 34*



C



13/4 2 21/4 21/2 3 3 31/2 4 41/2 5 51/2 61/2 71/2 71/2 8 81/2 91/2 11 15 18 21 24



5 51/2 6 61/2 7 73/4 81/2 9 101/4 111/2 14 161/2 19 211/2 24 261/2 29 34 411/2 49 561/2 64



D



53/4 61/4 7 8 1 9 /2 10 111/2 12 131/2 141/2 171/2 201/2 241/2 27 30 32 35 401/2 49 …. …. ….



E



13/4 13/4 2 2 1/2 21/2 3 3 3 31/2 31/2 41/2 5 51/2 6 61/2 7 8 9 10 …. …. ….



1 11/8 13/16 11/4 13/8 17/16 15/8 17/8 2 21/8 21/4 23/8 21/2 23/4 3 33/8 311/16 4



Number of Bolts1



3/4 3/4 7/8 3 /4 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8



Face to Face F



Body Wall Thick nesst



…. …. …. 5 51/2 6 61/2 7 8 9 11 14 14 16 18 19 20 24 30 36 42 48



5 /16 5 /16 5 /16 5 /16 5/16 3 /8 7/16 1 /2 1 /2 9 /16 5 /8 3 /4 13/16 7 /8



Nomi- Inside Wall Diam. nal Diam. Thickof Pipe of ness Raised Size Fitting of Face (Min.) Body*



2 2 21/2 21/2 3 3 31/2 31/2 4 4 5 5 6 6 8 8 10 10 12 12 14 131/4 16 151/4 18 17 20 19 24 23



1 11/16 11/8 11/4 17/16 15/8 113/16 2



A



A



7 /16 1/2 9 /16 9/16 5 /8 11 /16 3 /4 13 /16 15 /16



1 11/8 11/4 13/8 11/2 15/8



4 3/16 4 15/16 5 11/16 6 5/16 615/16 8 5/16 911/16 1115/16 141/6 167/16 1815/16 211/16 235/16 259/16 301/4



A



B



C



D



E



Face to Face F



5 51/2 6 61/2 7 8 81/2 10 111/2 13 15 161/2 18 191/2 221/2



6 1/2 7 73/4 81/2 9 101/4 111/2 14 16 1/2 19 211/2 24 261/2 29 34



3 31/2 31/2 4 41/2 5 51/2 6 7 8 81/2 91/2 10 101/2 12



9 101/2 11 121/2 131/2 15 171/2 201/2 24 271/2 31 341/2 371/2 401/2 471/2



21/2 21/2 3 3 3 31/2 4 5 51/2 6 61/2 71/2 8 8 1/2 10



5 51/2 6 6 1/2 7 8 9 11 12 14 16 18 19 20 24



B A C B A



C 90° LONG RADIUS ELBOW



45° ELBOW



SIDE OUTLET ELBOW



A A



A



1 11/8 11/8 11/4 11/4 11/4 11/2 11/2 2 2 2



A



90° ELBOW



A



21/2 21/2 23/4 23/4 31/4 31/2 31/2 3 3/4 4 4 41/2 51/4 51/2 6 61/4 61/2 63/4 73/4 81/2 91/2 101/4 103/4



Center to Face



A



A



5 /8 5 /8 3 /4 5 /8 3 /4 3 /4 3 /4 3 /4 3 /4 3 /4 7 /8



4 4 4 8 8 8 8 8 8 12 12 16 16 20 20 24 24 24 28 32 36 40



1 11/8 1 1 /4 11/4 13/8 13/8 13/8 15/8 2 21/4 1 2 /4 21/4



Length of Bolts2



Chart 5 American Standard Class 250 Cast Iron Flanged Fittings (ASA B16b)



Chart 4 American Standard Class 125 Cast Iron Flanged Fittings (ASA B16.1)



A



Size of Bolt



Chart 3 American Standard Class 250 Cast Iron Pipe Flanges (ASA B16b)



Chart 2 American Standard Class 125 Cast Iron Pipe Flanges (ASA B16.1) Nominal Pipe Size



11/16 3/4 13/16 7/8



Diam. of Bolt Holes1



A



A



A



A



A D



90°



45° D



A



DOUBLE BRANCH ELBOW



A



TEE



CROSS



SIDE OUTLET TEE OR CROSS



1323



E



F



F



REDUCER



ECCENTRIC REDUCER



TRUE Y



E 45° LATERAL



TECH-F



TECH-F-3 Steel Pipe, Dimensions and Weights Size: Nom. & (Outside Diam.), In.* 1 /8 (0.405) 1 /4 (0.540) 3 /8 (0.675) 1 /2 (0.840)



3



/4 (1.050) 1 (1.315) 11/4 (1.660) 11/2 (1.900) 2 (2.375) 21/2 (2.875) 3 (3.500) 31/2 (4.000) 4 (4.500) 5 (5.563)



6 (6.625)



8 (8.625)



10 (10.750)



TECH-F



Wall Thickness, In.



Weight per Foot, Plain Ends, Lb.



0.068 0.095 0.088 0.119 0.091 0.126 0.109 0.147 0.188 0.294 0.113 0.154 0.219 0.308 0.133 0.179 0.250 0.308 0.140 0.191 0.250 0.382 0.145 0.200 0.281 0.400 0.154 0.218 0.344 0.436 0.203 0.276 0.375 0.552 0.216 0.300 0.438 0.600 0.226 0.318 0.237 0.337 0.438 0.531 0.674 0.258 0.375 0.500 0.625 0.750 0.280 0.432 0.562 0.719 0.864 0.250 0.277 0.322 0.406 0.500 0.594 0.719 0.812 0.875 0.906 0.250 0.307 0.365 0.500 0.594 0.719 0.844 1.000 1.125



0.24 0.31 0.42 0.54 0.57 0.74 0.85 1.09 1.31 1.71 1.13 1.47 1.94 2.44 1.68 2.17 2.84 2.44 2.27 3.00 3.76 5.21 2.72 3.63 4.86 6.41 3.65 5.02 7.46 9.03 5.79 7.66 10.01 13.70 7.58 10.25 14.31 18.58 9.11 12.51 10.79 14.98 18.98 22.52 27.54 14.62 20.78 27.04 32.96 38.55 18.97 28.57 36.42 45.34 53.16 22.36 24.70 28.55 35.66 43.39 50.93 45.34 67.79 72.42 74.71 28.04 34.24 40.48 54.74 64.40 77.00 89.27 104.13 115.65



Schedule No. 40 80 40 80 40 80 40 80 160



Size: Nom. & (Outside Diam.), In.*



S XS S XS S XS S XS



12 (12.750)



XXS 40 S 80 XS 160 XXS 40 S 80 XS 160 XXS 40 S 80 XS 160 XXS 40 S 80 XS 160 XXS 40 S 80 XS 160 XXS 40 S 80 XS 160 XXS 40 S 80 XS 160 XXS 40 S 80 XS 40 S 80 XS 120 160 XXS 40 S 80 XS 120 160 XXS 40 S 80 XS 120 160 XXS 20 30 40 S 60 80 XS 100 160 140 XXS 160 20 30 40 S 60 XS 80 100 120 140 XXS 160



14 (14.000)



16 (16.000)



18 (18.000)



20 (20.000)



22 (22.000)



24 (24.000)



1324



Wall Thickness, In.



Weight per Foot, Plain Ends, Lb.



0.250 0.330 0.375 0.406 0.500 0.562 0.688 0.844 1.000 1.125 1.312 0.250 0.312 0.375 0.438 0.500 0.594 0.750 0.938 1.094 1.250 1.406 0.250 0.312 0.375 0.500 0.656 0.844 1.031 1.219 1.438 1.594 0.250 0.312 0.375 0.438 0.500 0.562 0.750 0.938 1.156 1.375 1.562 1.781 0.250 0.375 0.500 0.594 0.812 1.031 1.281 1.500 1.750 1.969 0.250 0.375 0.500 0.875 1.125 1.375 1.625 1.875 2.125 0.250 0.375 0.250 0.375 0.500 0.562 0.688 0.969 1.219 1.531 1.812 2.062 2.344



33.38 43.77 49.56 53.56 65.42 73.22 88.57 107.29 125.49 139.68 160.33 36.71 45.68 54.57 63.37 72.09 85.01 106.13 130.79 150.76 170.22 189.15 42.05 52.36 62.58 82.77 107.54 136.58 164.86 192.40 223.57 245.22 47.39 59.03 70.59 82.06 93.45 104.76 138.17 170.84 208.00 244.14 274.30 308.55 47.39 78.60 93.45 123.06 166.50 208.92 256.15 296.37 341.10 379.14 58.07 86.61 114.81 197.42 250.82 302.88 353.61 403.01 451.07 63.41 94.62 63.41 94.62 125.49 140.80 171.17 238.29 296.53 367.45 429.50 483.24 542.09



Schedule No. 20 30 S 40 XS 60 80 100 120 XXS 140 160 10 20 30 S 40 XS 60 80 100 120 140 160 10 20 30 S 40 XS 60 80 100 120 140 160 10 20 S 30 XS 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 10 20 S XS 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 10 20 S 30 XS 60 80 100 120 140 160 10 20 S 10 20 S XS 30 40 60 80 100 120 140 160



TECH-F-4 150 Lb. and 300 Lb. Steel Pipe Flanges and Fittings Extracted from USA Standard Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings (USAS, B16. 5-1968), with the permission of the publisher, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, United Engineering Center, 345 East 47th Street, New York NY 10017.



Nomi- Diam. nal of Pipe Flange Size O 1 /2 3/4



1 11/4 11/2 2 21/2 3 31/2 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24



31/2 37/8 41/4 45/8 5 6 7 71/2 81/2 9 10 11 131/2 16 19 21 231/2 25 271/2 32



Thickness of Flange (Min.)*



Diam. of Bolt Circle



7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 11/16 3 /4 7/ 8 15/16 15/16 15 /16 15 /16



1 11/8 13/16 11/4 13/8 17/16 19/16 111/16 17/8



Diam. of Bolt Holes



23/8 21/4 31/8 31/2 37/8 43/4 51/2 6 7 71/2 81/2 91/2 113/4 141/4 17 183/4 211/4 223/4 25 291/2



Number of Bolts



Diam. of Bolts



4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 8 12 12 12 16 16 20 20



1 /2 1 /2 1 /2 1 /2 1 /2 5 /8 5/ 8 5 /8 5 /8 5 /8 3 /4 3 /4 3 /4



5/8 5/8 5/8 5/8 5/8 3/4 3/4 3 /4 3 /4 3/4 7/8 7/8 7/8



1 1



11/8 11/8 11/4 11/4 3/8



7/8 7/8 1 1 11/8 11/8 11/4



Length of (with 1 ¼16" Raised Face



13/4 2 2 2 1/4 21/4 23/4 3 3 3 3 31/4 31/4 31/2 33/4 4 41/4 41/2 43/4 51/4 53/4



Nominal Pipe Size



AA



BB



CC



EE



FF



GG



1 11/4 11/2 2 21/2 3 31/2 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24



31/2 33/4 4 41/2 5 51/2 6 61/2 71/2 8 9 11 12 14 15 161/2 18 22



5 51/2 6 61/2 7 73/4 81/2 9 101/4 111/2 14 161/2 19 211/2 24 261/2 29 34



13/4 2 21/4 21/2 3 3 31/2 4 41/2 5 51/2 61/2 71/2 71/2 8 81/2 91/2 11



53/4 61/4 7 8 91/2 10 111/2 12 131/2 141/2 171/2 201/2 241/2 27 30 32 35 401/2



13/4 13/4 2 21/2 21/2 3 3 3 31/2 31/2 41/2 5 51/2 6 6 1/2 7 8 9



41/2 41/2 41/2 5 51/2 6 61/2 7 8 9 11 12 14 16 18 19 20 24



Chart 8 150 Lb. Steel Flanged Fittings



BB



AA



AA CC AA BB



AA



AA



CC



Chart 6 150 Lb. Steel Pipe Flanges ELBOW



AA



Nominal Pipe Size 1 11/4 11/2 2 21/2 3 31/2 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24



Flange Diam.



Flange Thickness (Min.)*



Bolt Circle Diam.



Diam. of Bolt Holes



7



11/16



1



3/4



4 /8 51/4 61/8 61/2 71/2 81/4 9 10 11 121/2 15 171/2 201/2 23 251/2 28 301/2 36



3/4 13/16 7/8



1 11/8 3 1 /16 11/4 13/8 17/16 15/8 17/8 2 21/8 21/4 2 3/8 21/2 23/4



No. of Bolts



LONG RADIUS ELBOW



45° ELBOW



TEE



AA



Size of Bolts



AA



45° EE EE



3 /2 37/8 41/2 5 57/8 63/8 71/4 71/8 91/4 105/8 13 151/4 173/4 201/4 221/2 243/4 27 32



3/4 7¼8



_ 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8



1 11/8 11/4 11/4 13/8 13/8 13/8 15/8



4 4 4 8 8 8 8 8 8 12 12 16 16 20 20 24 24 24



AA



5



/8 /8 3 /4 5 /8 3 /4 3 /4 3 /4 3 /4 3 /4 3 /4 7 /8 1 1 1 /8 11/8 11/4 11/4 11/4 11/2



Chart 7 300 Lb. Steel Pipe Flanges



* A raised face of 1/16 inch is included in (a) minimum thickness of flanges, and (b) "center to contact surface" dimension of fitting. Where facings other then 1/16 inch raised face are used, the "center to contact surface" dimensions shall remain unchanged.



GG



GG



REDUCER



ECCENTRIC REDUCER



FF



5



CROSS



45° LATERAL



Nominal Pipe Size



AA



BB



CC



EE



FF



GG



1 11/4 11/2 2 21/2 3 31/2 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24



4 41/4 41/2 5 51/2 6 61/2 7 8 81/2 10 111/2 13 15 161/2 18 191/2 221/2



5 51/2 6 61/2 7 73/4 81/2 9 101/4 111/2 14 161/2 19 211/2 24 261/2 29 34



21/4 21/2 23/4 3 31/2 31/2 4 41/2 5 51/2 6 7 8 81/2 91/2 10 101/2 12



61/2 71/4 81/2 9 101/2 11 121/2 131/2 15 171/2 201/2 24 271/2 31 343/4 371/2 401/2 471/2



2 21/4 21/2 21/2 21/2 3 3 3 31/2 4 5 51/2 6 61/2 71/2 8 81/2 10



41/2 41/2 41/2 5 51/2 6 61/2 7 8 9 11 12 14 16 18 19 20 24



Chart 9 300 Lb. Steel Flanged Fittings



1325



TECH-F



TECH-F-5 150 Lb. ANSI / Metric Flange Comparison Flange Nom. I.D.



Outside Diameter ANSI ISO JIS 150 10 lb. Bar 10 K



1.00 4.25 4.53 25



108



115



1.50 5.00 5.91 40



127



150



2.00 6.00 6.50 50



52



165



2.50 7.00 7.28 65



178



185



3.00 7.50 7.87 80



191



200



3.50 8.50 0.00 90



216



0



Bolt Circle ANSI 150 lb.



4.92 3.12 125



79



ISO 10 Bar



Thickness (Min.) JIS ANSI ISO JIS 150 10 10 K lb. Bar 10 K



3.35 3.54 0.56 0.63 85



90



14



16



5.51 3.88



4.33 4.13 0.69 0.71



140



110



98



105



17



18



6.10 4.75



4.92 4.72 0.75 0.79



155



125



121



120



19



20



6.89 5.50



5.71 5.51 0.88 0.79



175



145



140



140



22



20



7.28 6.00



6.30 5.91 0.94 0.79



185



160



152



7.68 7.00 195



178



150



24



20



0.00 6.30 0.94 0.00 0



160



24



0



4.00 9.00 8.66



8.27 7.50



7.09 6.89 0.94 0.87



100



210



180



229



220



191



175



24



22



6.00 11.00 11.22 11.02 9.50



9.45 9.45 1.00 0.94



150



240



279



285



280



241



240



25



24



8.00 13.50 13.39 12.99 11.75 11.61 11.42 1.12 0.94 200



343



340



330



298



295



290



28



24



10.00 16.00 15.55 15.75 14.25 13.78 13.98 1.19 1.02 250



406



395



400



362



350



355



30



26



12.00 19.00 17.52 17.52 17.00 15.75 15.75 1.25 1.10 300



483



445



445



432



400



400



32



28



14.00 21.00 19.88 19.29 18.75 18.11 17.52 1.38 1.18 350



533



505



490



476



460



445



35



30



16.00 23.50 22.24 22.05 21.25 20.28 20.08 1.44 1.26 400



597



565



560



540



515



510



37



32



18.00 25.00 24.21 24.41 22.75 22.24 22.24 1.56 1.38 450



635



615



620



578



565



565



40



35



20.00 27.50 26.38 26.57 25.00 24.41 24.41 1.69 1.50 500



699



670



675



635



620



620



43



38



24.00 32.00 30.71 31.30 29.50 28.54 28.74 1.88 1.65 600



813



780



795



749



725



730



48



42



30.00 38.75 0.00 38.19 36.00 0.00 35.43 2.12 0.00 750



984



0



970



914



0



900



54



0



36.00 46.00 43.90 44.09 42.75 41.34 41.34 2.38 1.34 900 1168 1115 1120 1086 1050 1050 60



34



42.00 53.00 48.43 48.62 49.50 45.67 45.67 2.62 1.34 1000 1230 1230 1235 1257 1160 1160 67



34



48.00 59.50 57.28 57.68 56.00 54.33 54.33 2.75 1.50 1200 1230 1455 1465 1422 1380 1380 70



TECH-F



38



0.55 14 0.63 16 0.63 16 0.71 18 0.71 18 0.71 18 0.71 18 0.87 22 0.87 22 0.94 24 0.94 24 1.02 26 1.10 28 1.18 30 1.18 30 1.26 32 1.42 36 1.50 38 1.57 40 1.73 44



10 K



ANSI 150 lb.



ISO 10 Bar



10 K



Raised Face Diameter ANSI ISO JIS 150 10 lb. Bar 10 K



-



-



0.5



-



-



2.00 2.68 2.64



-



4



4



-



4



-



-



0.5



-



4



4



-



Bolt Hole ANSI 150 lb.



ISO 10 Bar



Bolts Quantity JIS 10 K



0.62 0.55 0.75 16



14



19



0.62 0.71 0.75 16



18



19



0.75 0.71 0.75 19



18



19



0.75 0.71 0.75 19



18



19



0.75 0.71 0.75 19



18



19



0.75 0.00 0.75 19



0



19



0.75 0.71 0.75 19



18



19



0.88 0.87 0.91 22



22



23



0.88 0.87 0.91 22



22



23



1.00 0.87 0.98 25



22



25



1.00 0.87 0.98 25



22



25



1.12 0.87 0.98 28



22



25



1.12 1.02 1.06 28



26



27



1.25 1.02 1.06 32



26



27



1.25 1.02 1.06 32



26



27



1.38 1.16 1.30 35



29.5



33



1.38 0.00 1.30 35



0



33



1.62 1.28 1.30 41



32.5



33



1.62 1.40 1.54 41



35.5



39



1.62 1.54 1.54 41



39



1326



39



ANSI 150 lb.



ISO 10 Bar



4



JIS



Bolt Size



4



-



-



0.62



-



4



4



-



4



-



-



0.62



-



8



4



-



4



-



-



0.62



-



8



8



-



JIS



M12 M16 -



-



M16 M16 -



-



M16 M16 -



-



M16 M16 -



-



M16 M16



8



-



-



0.62



-



-



-



-



8



-



-



M16



8



-



-



0.62



-



-



-



8



8



-



8



-



-



0.75



-



8



8



-



8



-



-



0.75



-



8



12



-



12



-



-



0.88



-



12



12



-



12



-



-



0.88



-



12



16



-



12



-



-



1.00



-



16



16



-



16



-



-



1.00



-



16



16



-



16



-



-



1.12



-



20



20



-



20



-



-



1.12



-



20



20



-



20



-



-



1.25



-



20



24



-



28



-



-



1.25



M16 M16 -



-



M20 M20 -



-



M20 M20 -



-



M20 M22 -



-



M20 M22 -



-



M20 M22 -



-



M24 M24 -



-



M24 M24 -



-



M24 M24 -



-



M27 M30 -



-



-



0



24



-



-



M30



32



-



-



1.50



-



-



-



28



28



-



36



-



-



1.50



-



28



28



-



44



-



-



1.50



-



32



32



-



51



68



67



2.88 3.46 3.19 73



88



81



3.62 4.02 3.78 92



102



96



4.12 4.80 4.57 105



122



116



5.00 5.24 4.96 127



133



126



5.50 0.00 5.35 140



0



136



6.19 6.22 5.94 157



158



151



8.50 8.35 8.35 216



212



212



10.62 10.55 10.31 270



268



262



12.75 12.60 12.76 324



320



324



15.00 14.57 14.49 381



370



368



16.25 16.93 16.26 413



430



413



18.50 18.98 18.70 470



482



475



21.00 20.94 20.87 533



532



530



23.00 23.03 23.03 584



585



585



27.25 26.97 27.17 692 685.0 690 33.75 0.00 33.66 857



0



855



40.25 39.57 39.57



M30 M30 1022 1005.0 1005 -



-



47.00 43.70 43.70



M33 M36 1194 1110.0 1110 -



-



53.50 52.36 52.17



M36 M36 1359 1330 1325



TECH-F-6 300 Lb. ANSI / Metric Flange Comparison Flange Nom. I.D.



Outside Diameter ANSI ISO JIS 300 16 lb. Bar 16 K



Bolt Circle ANSI 300 lb.



ISO 16 Bar



Thickness (Min.) JIS ANSI ISO JIS 300 16 16 K lb. Bar 16 K



1.00 4.88 4.53 4.92 3.50 3.35 3.54 0.69 0.63 25



124



115



125



90



85



90



17



16



1.50 6.12 5.91 5.51 4.50 4.33 4.13 0.81 0.71 40



156



150



140



114



110



105



21



18



2.00 6.50 6.50 6.10 5.00 4.92 4.72 0.88 0.79 50



165



165



155 127.0 125



120



22



20



2.50 7.50 7.28 6.89 5.88 5.71 5.51 1.00 0.79 65



191



185



175



149



145



140



25



20



3.00 8.25 7.87 7.87 6.62 6.30 6.30 1.12 0.79 80



210



200



200



169



160



160



29



20



3.50 9.00 0.00 8.27 7.25 0.00 6.69 1.19 0.00 90



229



-



210



184



-



170



30



-



4.00 10.00 8.66 8.86 7.88 7.09 7.28 1.25 0.87 100



254



220



225



200



180



185



32



22



6.00 12.50 11.22 12.01 10.62 9.54 10.24 1.44 0.94 150



381



285



305



270



240



260



37



24



8.00 15.00 13.39 13.78 13.00 11.61 12.01 1.62 1.02 200



381



340



350



330



295



305



41



26



10.00 17.50 15.94 16.93 15.25 13.98 14.96 1.88 1.10 250



445



405



430



387



355



380



48



28



12.00 20.50 18.11 18.90 17.75 16.14 16.93 2.00 1.26 300



521



460



480



451



410



430



51



32



14.00 23.00 20.47 21.26 20.25 18.50 18.90 2.12 1.38 350



584



520



540



514



470



480



54



35



16.00 25.50 22.83 23.82 22.50 20.67 21.26 2.25 1.50 400



648



580



605



572



525



540



57



38



18.00 28.00 25.20 26.57 24.75 23.03 23.82 2.83 1.65 450



711



640



675



629



585



605



60



42



20.00 30.50 28.15 28.74 27.00 25.59 25.98 2.50 1.81 500



775



715



730



686



650



660



64



46



24.00 36.00 33.07 33.27 32.00 30.31 30.31 2.75 2.05 600



914



840



845



813



770



770



70



52



30.00 43.00 0.00 40.16 39.25 0.00 36.81 3.00 0.00 750 1092



0



1020 997



0



935



76



0



36.00 50.00 44.29 46.65 46.00 41.34 42.91 3.38 2.99 900 1270 1125 1185 1168 1050 1090 86



76



42.00 57.00 49.41 51.97 52.75 46.06 47.64 3.69 3.31 1000 1448 1255 1320 1340 1170 1210 94



84



48.00 65.00 58.46 60.24 60.75 54.72 55.91 4.00 3.86 1200 1651 1485 1530 1543 1390 1420 102



98



0.55 14



ANSI 300 lb.



16



16



18



20



20



22



24



26



28



30



34



38



40



42



46



52



58



62



25



22



25



26



27



26



27



26



33



29.5



33



29.5



33



32.5



33



35.5



39



0



42



39



48



2.12 1.65 2.20 54



2.76



22



2.12 1.54 1.89 54



2.44



23



1.88 0.00 1.65 48



2.28



18



1.62 1.40 1.54 41



2.05



23



1.38 1.28 1.30 35



1.81



-



1.38 1.16 1.30 35



1.65



23



1.38 1.16 1.30 35



1.57



18



1.25 1.02 1.30 32



1.50



19



1.25 1.02 1.06 32



1.34



18



1.12 1.02 1.06 28



1.18



19



1.00 0.87 0.98 25



1.10



18



0.88 0.87 0.98 22



1.02



19



0.88 0.71 0.91 22



0.94



18



0.88 0.00 0.91 22



0.87



19



0.88 0.71 0.91 22



0.79



14



0.88 0.71 0.75 22



0.79



16 K



0.75 0.71 0.75 19



0.71



JIS



0.88 0.71 0.75 22



0.63



ISO 16 Bar



Bolts Quantity



0.75 0.55 0.75 19



0.63



70



Bolt Hole



42



56



2.12 1.89 2.20 54



1327



48



56



ANSI 300 lb.



ISO 16 Bar



4



JIS



Bolt Size



16 K



ANSI 300 lb.



ISO 16 Bar



16 K



-



-



0.62



-



-



-



4



4



-



4



-



-



0.75



-



4



4



-



8



-



-



0.62



-



4



8



-



8



-



-



0.75



-



8



8



-



8



-



-



0.75



M12 M16 -



-



-



-



8



-



-



-



0.75



-



-



-



8



-



-



8



-



-



0.75



-



8



-



-



-



0.75



-



8



12



-



12



-



-



0.88



-



12



12



-



16



-



-



1.00



-



12



12



-



16



-



-



1.12



-



12



16



-



20



-



-



1.12



-



16



16



-



20



-



-



1.25



-



16



16



-



24



-



-



1.25



-



20



20



-



24



-



-



1.25



-



-



-



-



-



-



-



-



20



24



-



28



-



-



1.75



-



-



0



24



-



0



-



-



2.00



-



-



28



28



-



36



-



-



2.00



-



132 5.71



-



-



-



-



-



0



6.19 6.22



145 6.30



158



160



8.50 8.35



9.06



212



230



10.62 10.55 10.83 268



275



12.75 12.60 13.58 320



345



15.00 14.57 15.55 370



395



16.25 16.93 17.32 430



440



18.50 18.98 19.49 482



495



21.00 20.94 22.05 532



560



23.00 23.03 24.21 585



615



27.25 26.97 28.35



M33 M36 692 685.0 720



-



32



133



M30 M30 584



32



32



-



96 4.57



5.50 0.00



M27 M30 533



-



-



-



3.78



5.20



M27 M30 470



-



-



-



81



5.00 5.24



M24 M30 413



1.50



2.00



-



67 3.19



116



M20 140 -



102



2.64



122



M24 M24 381



-



-



92



M24 M24 324



20



28



-



88



4.12 4.80



M20 M22 270



-



-



-



68



3.62 4.02



M20 M22 216



20



28



73



M16 M20 157



-



-



51



2.88 3.46



M16 M20 127



24



40



-



2.00 2.68



M16 M16 105



8



8



-



M16 M16



-



-



-



M16 M16



8



12



JIS



Raised Face Diameter ANSI ISO JIS 300 16 lb. Bar 16 K



-



33.75 0.00 34.65



M39 857 -



0



880



40.25 39.57 40.55



M36 M45 1022 1005.0 1030 -



-



47.00 43.70 44.88



M39 M52 1194 1110.0 1140 -



-



58.44 52.36 53.15



M45 M52 1484 1330 1350



TECH-F



TECH-F-7 Weights and Dimensions of Steel & Wrought Iron Pipe Recommended for Use as Permanent Well Casings Reprinted from American Water Works Association Standard A100-66 by permission of the Association. Copyrighted 1966 by the American Water Works Association, Inc., 2 Park Avenue, New Yok, NY 10016. Steel Pipe, Black or Galvanized Diameter - In.



Size In.



External



Internal



Thickness In.



6 8 8 8 10 10 10 12 12 14 14 16 16 18 18 20 20 22 22 22 24 24 24 26 26 28 28 30 30 32 32 34 34 36 36



6.625 8.625 8.625 8.625 10.750 10.750 10.750 12.750 12.750 14.000 14.000 16.000 16.000 18.000 18.000 20.000 20.000 22.000 22.000 22.000 24.000 24.000 24.000 26.000 26.000 28.000 28.000 30.000 30.000 32.000 32.000 34.000 34.000 36.000 36.000



6.065 8.249 8.071 7.981 10.192 10.136 10.020 12.090 12.000 13.500 13.250 15.376 15.250 17.376 17.250 19.376 19.250 21.376 21.250 21.000 23.376 23.250 23.000 25.376 25.000 27.376 27.000 29.376 29.000 31.376 31.000 33.376 33.000 35.376 35.000



0.280 0.188 0.277 0.322 0.279 0.307 0.365# 0.330 0.375# 0.250 0.375# 0.312 0.375# 0.312 0.375# 0.312 0.375# 0.312 0.375 0.500 0.312 0.375 0.500# 0.312 0.500# 0.312 0.500# 0.312 0.500# 0.312 0.500# 0.312 0.500# 0.312 0.500#



Weight Per Foot - Lb 1 Plain Ends With Threads (Calculated) and Couplings (Nominal)2



18.97 16.90 24.70 28.55 31.20 34.24 40.48 43.77 49.56 36.71 54.57 52.36 62.58 59.03 70.59 65.71 78.60 72.38 86.61 114.81 79.06 94.62 125.49 85.73 136.17 92.41 146.85 99.08 157.53 105.76 168.21 112.43 178.89 119.11 189.57



19.18 17.80 25.55 29.35 32.75 35.75 41.85 45.45 51.15 57.00 65.30 73.00 81.00



#Thickness indicated is believed to be best practice. If soil and water conditions are unusually favorable, lighter pipe may be used if permitted in the purchaser's specifications. 1Manufacturing



weight tolerance is 10 percent over and 3.5 percent under nominal weight for pipe 6-20 in. in size and +/- percent of nominal weight for



larger sizes. 2 Nominal



weights of pipe with threads and couplings (based on lengths of 20 ft. including coupling) are shown for purposes of specification. Thread data are contained in the various standards covering sizes which can be purchased with threads. Wrought-Iron Pipe, Black or Galvanized Diameter - In.



Size In.



External



Internal



Thickness In.



6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 20 22 22 24 24 26 26 28 28 30 30



6.625 8.625 10.750 12.750 14.000 16.000 18.000 20.000 20.000 22.000 22.000 24.000 24.000 26.000 26.000 28.000 28.000 30.000 30.000



6.053 7.967 10.005 11.985 13.234 15.324 17.165 19.125 19.000 21.125 21.000 23.125 23.000 25.125 25.000 27.125 27.000 29.125 29.000



0.286 0.329 0.372 0.383 0.383 0.383 0.417 0.438 0.500* 0.438 0.500* 0.438 0.500* 0.438 0.500* 0.438 0.500* 0.438 0.500*



Weight Per Foot - Lb 1 Plain Ends With Threads (Calculated) and Couplings (Nominal)2



18.97 28.55 40.48 49.56 54.56 62.58 76.84 89.63 102.10 98.77 112.57 107.96 123.04 117.12 133.51 126.27 143.99 135.42 154.46



1Manufacturing



weight tolerance is 10 percent over and 3.5 percent under nominal weight for pipe ~20 in. in size and +10 percent of nominal weight for larger sizes.



2Based



on length of 20 ft. including coupling. Threaded pipe has 8 threads per inch.



*Thickness indicated is believed to be best practice. If soil and water conditions are unusually favorable tighter pipe may be used if permitted in the purchaser's specifications. NOTE: Welded joints advocated for pipe larger than 20 in. in diameter; also for smaller diameter pipe, where applicable, to obtain clearance and maintain uniform grout thickness.



TECH-F



1328



19.45 29.35 41.85 51.15 57.00 65.30 81.20 94.38 106.62



TECH-F-8 Capacities of Tanks of Various Dimensions Diam.



Gals.



Area Sq. Ft.



Diam.



Gals.



Area Sq. Ft.



Diam.



Gals.



Area Sq. Ft.



Diam.



Gals.



Area Sq. Ft.



1' 1' 1” 1' 2" 1' 3" 1' 4" 1' 5" 1' 6" 1' 7" 1' 8" 1' 9" 1' 10" 1' 11" 2' 2' 1" 2' 2" 2' 3" 2' 4" 2' 5" 2' 6" 2' 7" 2' 8" 2' 9" 2' 10" 2' 11" 3' 3' 1" 3' 2" 3' 3" 3' 4" 3' 5" 3' 6" 3' 7" 3' 8" 3' 9" 3' 10" 3' 11" 4' 4' 1"



5.87 6.89 8.00 9.18 10.44 11.79 13.22 14.73 16.32 17.99 19.75 21.58 23.50 25.50 27.58 29.74 31.99 34.31 36.72 39.21 41.78 44.43 47.16 49.98 52.88 55.86 58.92 62.06 65.28 68.58 71.97 75.44 78.99 82.62 86.33 90.13 94.00 97.96



.785 .922 1.069 1.277 1.396 1.576 1.767 1.969 2.182 2.405 2.640 2.885 3.142 3.409 3.687 3.976 4.276 4.587 4.909 5.241 5.585 5.940 6.305 6.681 7.069 7.467 7.876 8.296 8.727 9.168 9.621 10.085 10.559 11.045 11.541 12.048 12.566 13.095



4' 2” 4' 3" 4' 4" 4' 5" 4' 6" 4' 7" 4' 8" 4' 9" 4' 10" 4' 11" 5' 5' 1" 5' 2" 5' 3" 5' 4" 5' 5" 5' 6" 5' 7" 5' 8" 5' 9" 5' 10" 5' 11" 6" 6' 3" 6' 6" 6' 9" 7' 7' 3" 7' 6" 7' 9" 8' 8' 3" 8' 6" 8' 9" 9" 9' 3" 9' 6" 9' 9"



102.00 106.12 110.32 114.61 118.97 123.42 127.95 132.56 137.25 142.02 146.91 151.81 156.83 161.94 167.11 172.38 177.71 183.14 188.66 194.25 199.92 205.67 211.51 229.50 248.23 267.69 287.88 308.81 330.48 352.88 376.01 399.80 424.48 449.82 475.89 502.70 530.24 558.51



13.635 14.186 14.748 15.321 15.90 16.50 17.10 17.72 18.35 18.99 19.64 20.30 20.97 21.65 22.34 23.04 23.76 24.48 25.22 25.97 26.73 27.49 28.27 30.68 35.18 35.78 38.48 41.28 44.18 47.17 50.27 53.46 56.75 60.13 63.62 67.20 70.88 74.66



10' 10' 3" 10' 6" 10' 9" 11' 11' 3" 11' 6" 11' 9" 12' 12' 3" 12' 6" 12' 9" 13' 13' 3" 13' 6" 13' 9" 14' 14' 3" 14 ‘6" 14' 9" 15' 15' 3" 15' 6" 15' 9" 16' 16' 3" 16' 6" 16' 9" 19' 19' 3" 19' 6" 19' 9" 20' 20' 3" 20' 6" 20' 9" 21' 21' 3"



587.52 617.26 640.74 678.95 710.90 743.58 776.99 811.14 846.03 881.65 918.00 955.09 992.91 1031.50 1070.80 1110.80 1151.50 1193.00 1235.30 1278.20 1321.90 1366.40 1411.50 1457.40 1504.10 1551.40 1599.50 1648.40 2120.90 2177.10 2234.00 2291.70 2350.10 2409.20 2469.10 2529.60 2591.00 2653.00



78.54 82.52 86.59 90.76 95.03 99.40 103.87 108.43 113.10 117.86 122.72 127.68 132.73 137.89 142.14 148.49 153.94 159.48 165.13 170.87 176.71 182.65 188.69 194.83 201.06 207.39 213.82 220.35 283.53 291.04 298.65 306.35 314.16 322.06 330.06 338.16 346.36 346.36



21' 6” 21' 9" 22' 22' 3' 22' 6' 22' 9" 23' 23' 3" 23' 6" 23' 9" 24' 24' 3" 24' 6" 24' 9" 25' 25' 3" 25' 6" 25' 9" 26' 26' 3" 26' 6" 26' 9" 27' 27' 3" 27' 6" 27' 9" 28' 28' 3" 28' 6" 28' 9" 29' 29' 3" 29' 6" 29' 9" 30' 30' 3" 30' 6" 30' 9"



2715.80 2779.30 2843.60 2908.60 2974.30 3040.80 3108.00 3175.90 3244.60 3314.00 3384.10 3455.00 3526.60 3598.90 3672.00 3745.80 3820.30 3895.60 3971.60 4048.40 4125. 90 4204.10 4283.00 4362.70 4443.10 4524.30 4606.20 4688.80 4772.10 4856.20 4941.00 5026.60 5112.90 5199.90 5287.70 5376.20 5465.40 5555.40



363.05 371.54 380.13 388.82 397.61 406.49 415.48 424.56 433.74 443.01 452.39 461.86 471.44 481.11 490.87 500.74 510.71 527.77 530.93 541.19 551.55 562.00 572.66 583.21 593.96 604.81 615.75 626.80 637.94 649.18 660.52 671.96 683.49 695.13 706.86 718.69 730.62 742.64



To find the capacity of tanks greater than shown above, find a tank of one-half the size desired, and multiply its capacity by four, or find one one-third the size desired and multiply its capacity by 9. Chart 10 Capacity of Round Tanks (per foot of depth)



Dimensions in Feet 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12



X X X X X X X X X



4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12



1'



4'



119.68 187.00 269.28 366.52 478.72 605.88 748.08 905.08 1077.12



479. 748. 1077. 1466. 1915. 2424. 2992. 3620. 4308.



Contents in Gallons for Depth in Feet of: 5' 6' 8' 10' 598. 935. 1346. 1833. 2394. 3029. 3740. 4525. 5386



718. 1202. 1616. 2199. 2872. 3635. 4488. 5430. 6463.



957. 1516. 2154. 2922. 3830. 4847. 5984. 7241. 8617.



1197. 1870 2693. 3665. 4787. 6059. 7480. 9051. 10771



11'



12'



1316. 2057. 2968 4032. 5266. 6665. 8228. 9956. 11848.



1436. 2244 3231. 4398 5745. 7272. 8976. 10861. 12925.



To find the capacity of a depth not given, multiply the capacity for one foot by the required depth in feet. Chart 11 Capacity of Square Tanks



1329



TECH-F



Capacities of Tanks of Various Dimensions Gallons Per Foot of Length When Tank is Filled 3/10 2/5 1/2 3/5 7/10



Diameter



1/10



1/5



1 ft. 2 ft 3 ft. 4 ft. 5 ft. 6 ft. 7 ft 8 ft. 9 ft. 10 ft. 11 ft. 12 ft. 13 ft. 14 ft. 15 ft.



.3 1.2 2.7 4.9 7.6 11.0 15.0 19.0 25.0 30.0 37.0 44.0 51.0 60.0 68.0



.8 3.3 7.5 13.4 20.0 30.0 41.0 52.0 67.0 83.0 101.0 120.0 141.0 164.0 188.0



1.4 5.9 13.6 23.8 37.0 53.0 73.0 96.0 112.0 149.0 179.0 214.0 250.0 291.0 334.0



2.1 8.8 19.8 35.0 55.0 78.0 107.0 140.0 178.0 219.0 265.0 315.0 370.0 430.0 494.0



2.9 11.7 26.4 47.0 73.0 106.0 144.0 188.0 238.0 294.0 356.0 423.0 496.0 576.0 661.0



3.6 14.7 33.0 59.0 92.0 133.0 181.0 235.0 298.0 368.0 445.0 530.0 621.0 722.0 829.0



4.3 17.5 39.4 70.2 110.0 158.0 215.0 281.0 352.0 440.0 531.0 632.0 740.0 862.0 988.0



4/5



9/10



4.9 20.6 45.2 80.5 126.0 182.0 247.0 322.0 408.0 504.0 610.0 741.0 850.0 989.0 1134.0



5.5 22.2 50.1 89.0 139.0 201.0 272.0 356.0 450.0 556.0 672.0 800.0 940.0 1084.0 1253.0



Chart 12 Cylindrical Tanks Set Horizontally and Partially Filled Diam. In.



1"



1'



5'



6'



7'



8'



9'



10'



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 32 34 36



0.01 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.12 0.17 0.22 0.28 0.34 0.41 0.49 0.57 0.67 0.77 0.87 0.98 1.10 1.23 1.36 1.50 1.65 1.80 1.96 2.12 2.30 2.48 2.67 2.86 3.06 3.48 3.93 4.41



0.04 0.16 0.37 0.65 1.02 1.47 2.00 2.61 3.31 4.08 4.94 5.88 6.90 8.00 9.18 10.4 11.8 13.2 14.7 16.3 18.0 19.8 21.6 23.5 25.5 27.6 29.7 32.0 34.3 36.7 41.8 47.2 52.9



0.20 0.80 1.84 3.26 5.10 7.34 10.0 13.0 16.5 20.4 24.6 29.4 34.6 40.0 46.0 52.0 59.0 66.0 73.6 81.6 90.0 99.0 108. 118. 128. 138. 148. 160 171. 183 209 236. 264.



0.24 0.96 2.20 3.92 6.12 8.80 12.0 15.6 19.8 24.4 29.6 35.2 41.6 48.0 55.2 62.4 70.8 79.2 88.4 98.0 108 119. 130. 141. 153. 166. 178. 192. 206. 220. 251. 283. 317.



0.28 1.12 2.56 4.58 7.14 10.3 14.0 18.2 23.1 28.4 34.6 41.0 48.6 56.0 64.4 72.8 81.6 92.4 103. 114. 126 139. 151. 165. 179. 193. 208. 224. 240. 257. 293. 330. 370.



0.32 1.28 2.92 5.24 8.16 11.8 16.0 20.8 26.4 32.6 39.4 46.8 55.2 64.0 73.6 83.2 94.4 106. 118. 130 144. 158. 173. 188. 204 221. 238. 256. 274. 294. 334. 378. 422.



0.36 1.44 3.30 5.88 9.18 13.2 18.0 23.4 29.8 36.8 44.4 52.8 62.2 72.0 82.8 93.6 106. 119. 132. 147. 162. 178. 194. 212. 230. 248. 267. 288. 309. 330. 376. 424. 476.



0.40 1.60 3.68 6.52 10.2 14.7 20.0 26.0 33.0 40.8 49.2 58.8 69.2 80.0 92.0 104. 118. 132. 147. 163. 180. 198. 216. 235. 255. 276. 297. 320. 343. 367. 418. 472. 528.



Length of Cylinder 11' 12' 13' 14' 0.44 1.76 4.04 7.18 11.2 16.1 22.0 28.6 36.4 44.8 54.2 64.6 76.2 88.0 101. 114 130. 145. 162. 180. 198. 218. 238. 259. 281. 304. 326. 352. 377. 404. 460. 520. 582.



0.48 1.92 4.40 7.84 12.2 17.6 24.0 31.2 39.6 48.8 59.2 70.4 83.2 96.0 110. 125. 142. 158. 177. 196. 216. 238. 259. 282. 306. 331. 356. 384. 412. 440. 502. 566. 634.



0.52 2.08 4.76 8.50 13.3 19.1 26.0 33.8 43.0 52.8 64.2 76.2 90.2 104. 120. 135. 153. 172. 192. 212. 238. 257. 281. 306. 332. 359. 386. 416. 446. 476. 544. 614. 688.



0.56 2.24 5.12 9.16 14.3 20.6 28.0 36.4 46.2 56.8 69.2 82.0 97.2 112. 129. 146. 163. 185. 206. 229 252. 277. 302. 330. 358. 386. 416. 448. 480. 514. 586. 660. 740.



15



16'



17'



0.60 2.40 5.48 9.82 15.3 22.0 30.0 39.0 49.6 61.0 74.0 87.8 104. 120. 138. 156. 177. 198. 221. 245. 270. 297. 324. 353. 383. 414. 426. 480. 514. 550. 628. 708. 792.



0.64 2.56 5.84 10.5 16.3 23.6 32.0 41.6 52.8 65.2 78.8 93.6 110. 128. 147. 166. 189. 211. 235. 261. 288. 317. 346. 376. 408. 442. 476. 512. 548. 588. 668. 756. 844.



0.68 2.72 6.22 11.1 17.3 25.0 34.0 44.2 56.2 69.4 83.8 99.6 117. 136. 156. 177. 201. 224. 250. 277. 306. 337. 367. 400. 434. 470. 504. 544. 584. 624. 710. 802. 898.



18'



0.72 0.80 2.88 3.20 6.60 7.36 11.8 13.0 18.4 20.4 26.4 29.4 36.0 40.0 46.8 52.0 60.0 66.0 73.6 81.6 88.8 98.4 106 118. 124. 138. 144. 160. 166. 184. 187. 208. 212. 236. 240. 264. 265. 294. 294. 326. 324. 360. 356. 396. 389. 432. 424 470. 460. 510. 496. 552. 534. 594. 576. 640. 618. 686. 660. 734. 752. 836. 848. 944. 952. 1056.



Chart 13 Capacities, in U.S. Gallons of Cylinders of Various Diameters and Lengths



TECH-F



1330



20'



22'



24'



Diam. In.



0.88 3.52 8.08 14.4 22.4 32.2 44.0 57.2 72.4 89.6 104. 129. 152. 176. 202. 229. 260. 290. 324. 359. 396. 436. 476. 518. 562. 608. 652. 704. 754. 808. 920. 1040. 1164.



0.96 3.84 8.80 15.7 24.4 35.2 48.0 62.4 79.2 97.6 118. 1411 166. 192. 220. 250. 283. 317. 354. 392. 432. 476. 518. 564. 612. 662. 712. 768. 824. 880. 1004. 1132. 1268.



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 32 34 36



Section TECH-G Motor Data TECH-G-1 Motor Enclosures The selection of a motor enclosure depends upon the ambient and surrounding conditions. The two general classifications of motor enclosures are open and totally enclosed. An open motor has ventilating openings which permit passage of external air over and around the motor windings. A totally enclosed motor is constructed to prevent the free exchange of air between the inside and outside of the frame, but not sufficiently enclosed to be termed air-tight. These two categories are further broken down by enclosure design, type of insulation, and/or cooling method. The most common of these types are listed below. Open Drip Proof - An open motor in which all ventilating openings are so constructed that drops of liquid or solid particles falling on the motor at any angle from 0 to 15 degrees from vertical cannot enter the machine. This is the most common type and is designed for use in nonhazardous, relatively clean, industrial areas. Encapsulated - A dripproof motor with the stator windings completely surrounded by a protective coating. An encapsulated motor offers more resistance to moisture and/or corrosive environments than an ODP motor.



Totally Enclosed, Fan-Cooled - An enclosed motor equipped for external cooling by means of a fan integral with the motor, but external to the enclosed parts. TEFC motors are designed for use in extremely wet, dirty, or dusty areas. Explosion-Proof, Dust-Ignition-Proof - An enclosed motor whose enclosure is designed to withstand an explosion of a specified dust, gas, or vapor which may occur within the motor and to prevent the ignition of this dust, gas, or vapor surrounding the motor. A motor manufacturer should be consulted regarding the various classes and groups of explosion-proof motors available and the application of each. Motor insulation is classified according to the total allowable temperature. This is made up of a maximum ambient temperature plus a maximum temperature rise plus allowances for hot spots and service factors. Class B insulation is the standard and allows for a total temperature of 130°C. The maximum ambient is 40°C, and the temperature rise is 70°C, for ODP motors and 75°C for TEFC motors.



TECH-G-2 NEMA Frame Assignments POLYPHASE SQUIRREL-CAGE MOTORS Horizontal and Vertical open type fan cooled



SINGLE-PHASE MOTORS Horizontal and Vertical open type Design L, 60 cycles, class B insulation system, open type, 1.15 service factor. hp 3



/4 1 11/2 2 3 5 71/2



3600



speed, rpm 1800



1200



143T 145T 182T 184T 213T



143T 145T 182T 184T 213T 215T



145T 182T 184T -



Designs A and B - class B insulation system, open type 1.15 service factor, 60 cycles. hp 1



/2 3 /4 1 11/2 2 3 5 71/2 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 60 75 100 125 150 200 250



3600



143T 145T 145T 182T 184T 213T 215T 254T 256T 284TS 286TS 324TS 326TS 364TS 365TS 404TS 405TS 444TS 445TS*



speed, rpm 1800 1200



143T 145T 145T 182T 184T 213T 215T 254T 256T 284T 286T 324T 326T 364TS 365TS 404TS 405TS 444TS 454TS -



143T 145T 182T 184T 213T 215T 254T 256T 284T 286T 324T 326T 364T 365T 404T 405T 444T 445T -



900



143T 145T 182T 184T 213T 215T 254T 256T 284T 286T 324T 326T 364T 365T 404T 405T 444T 445T -



Designs A and B - class B insulation system totally-enclosed fan-cooled type, 1.00 service factor, 60-cycles. hp 1



/2 3 /4 1 1 1 /2 2 3 5 71/2 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 60 75 100 125 150



3600



143T 145T 182T 184T 213T 215T 254T 256T 284TS 286TS 324TS 326TS 364TS 365TS 405TS 444TS 445TS



speed, rpm 1800 1200



143T 145T 145T 182T 184T 213T 215T 254T 256T 284T 286T 324T 326T 364TS 365TS 405TS 444TS 445TS



900



143T 145T 182T 184T 213T 215T 254T 256T 284T 286T 324T 326T 364T 365T 404T 405T 444T 445T -



143T 145T 182T 184T 213T 215T 254T 256T 284T 286T 324T 326T 364T 365T 404T 405T 444T 445T -



*The 250 hp rating at the 3600 rpm speed has a 1.0 service factor



1331



TECH-G



TECH-G-3 NEMA Frame Dimensions IPP44 TOTALLY ENCLOSED & FLAMEPROOF (Similar to NEMA TEFC & Explosion Proof) C M=N



O



F E



E



H-SIZE HOLE



A



Motor H.P. (Open) H.P. (Enclosed) A B C (Approx.) Frame 900 1200 1800 3600 900 1200 1800 3600 Max. Max. Open Encl. 3/4 143T 1/2 1 145T 3/4 1 11/2 - 2 1 182T 1 1 /2 3 5 184T 11/2 2 213T 2 3 71/2 215T 3 5 10 254T 5 71/2 15 256T 71/2 10 20 284T 10 15 25 284TS 286T 15 20 30 286TS 324T 20 25 40 324TS 326T 25 30 50 326TS 364T 30 40 364TS 60 365T 40 50 365TS 75 404T 50 60 404TS 100 405T 60 75 405TS 125 444T 75 100 444TS 150 445T 100 125 445TS 200 447T 447TS 56 3/4 1/2 182 1 3/ 1 1 184 4 1-1 /2 1 /2-2 1 3 213 1-1 /2 2 215 2 3 5 254U 3 5 71/2 256U 5 71/2 10 284U 71/2 10 15 286U 10 20 324U 15 25 324S 326U 15 20 30 326S 364U 20 25 40 364US 365U 25 30 365US 50 404U 30 40 404US 60 405U 40 50 405US 75 444U 50 60 444US 100 445U 60 75 445US 125



TECH-G



3/4 11/2 1/2 2-3 3/4 1 5 1 11/2 1 1 7 /2 1 /2 2 10 2 3 15 3 5 20 5 7 1/2 25 71/2 10 10 15 30 15 20 40 20 25 50 25 30 60 30 40 75 40 50 100 50 60 125 60 75 150 75 100 200 100 125 250



1 11/2- 2 3 5 71/2 10 15 20 25



11/2 2 3 5 71/2 10 15 20 25



30 30 40 40 50 50 60



60



75



75



100



100



125



125



150



150



3/4 11/2 1/2 1 2-3 3/4 1-11/2 11/2-2 1 5 1-1 /2 2 3 71/2 2 3 5 10 3 5 7 1/2 15 5 71/2 10 20 71/2 10 15 25 10 20 15 25 30 15 20 30 40 20 25 40 50 25 30 60 50 30 40 75 40 50 100 60 50 60 125 75 60 75 150 100



11/2 2-3 5 71/2 10 15 20 25



30 40 50



60 75 100



7 7 9 9 101/2 101/2 121/2 121/2 14 14 14 14 16 16 16 16 18 18 18 18 20 20 20 20 22 22 22 22 22 22 61/2 9 9 101/2 101/2 121/2 121/2 14 14 16 16 16 16 18 18 18 18 20 20 20 20 22 22 22 22



6 6 61/2 71/2 71/2 9 103/4 121/2 121/2 121/2 14 14 14 14 151/2 151/2 151/4 151/4 161/4 161/4 161/4 161/4 173/4 173/4 181/2 181/2 201/2 201/2 231/4 231/4 3 7/8 61/2 71/2 71/2 9 103/4 121/2 121/2 14 14 14 151/2 151/2 151/4 151/4 161/4 161/4 161/4 161/4 173/4 173/4 181/2 181/2 201/2 201/2



12 121/2 13 14 16 171/2 201/2 221/2 231/2 22 25 231/2 26 241/2 271/2 26 29 27 30 28 321/2 291/2 34 31 38 34 40 36 431/2 401/2 101/2 121/2 131/2 151/2 17 201/2 221/2 24 251/2 261/2 241/2 28 26 291/2 27 301/2 28 321/2 30 34 311/2 38 34 40 36



U



N-W



D



121/2 131/2 141/2 151/2 18 191/2 221/2 24 251/2 241/2 27 26 281/2 27 30 281/2 33 31 34 32 37 34 381/2 351/2 421/2 381/2 441/2 41 48 461/2 141/2 151/2 171/2 19 22 24 25 261/2 28 251/2 291/2 27 34 31 35 32 371/2 341/2 39 36 43 381/2 45 401/2



D



E



F



H



31/2 33/4 41/2 41/2 51/4 51/4 61/4 61/4 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 31/2 41/2 41/2 51/4 51/4 61/4 61/4 7 7 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11



23/4 23/4 33/4 33/4 41/4 41/4 5 5 51/2 51/2 51/2 51/2 61/4 61/4 61/4 61/4 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 7 2 /16 33/4 33/4 41/4 41/4 5 5 51/2 51/2 6 1/4 61/4 61/4 61/4 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9



2 23/4 21/4 23/4 23/4 33/4 41/8 5 43/4 43/4 51/2 51/2 51/4 51/4 6 6 55/8 55/8 61/8 61/8 61/8 61/8 67/8 67/8 71/4 71/4 81/4 81/4 10 10 11/2 21/4 23/4 23/4 31/2 41/8 5 43/4 51/2 51/4 51/4 6 6 55/8 55/8 61/8 61/8 61/8 61/8 67/8 67/8 71/4 71/4 81/4 81/4



11 /32 11/32



1332



F



AC



U



V Keyway Min. AC



B



13/32 13/32 13/32 13/32 17/32 17



/32 17/32 17/32 17/32 17/32 21/32 21/32 21/32 21/ 32 21/32 21/32 21/32 21/32 13/16 13/16 13/16 13/16 13/16 13/16 13/16 13/16 13/16 13/16 11/32 13/32 13/32 13/32 13/32 17/32 17 /32 17/32 17/32 21/32 21/32 21 /32 21 /32 21/32 21/32 21/32 21/32 13/16 13/16 13/16 13/16 13/16 13/16 13/16 13/16



O (Approx.) Open Encl. 67/8 67/8 91/8 91/8 103/4 103/4 125/8 125/8 14 14 14 14 16 16 16 16 18 18 18 18 20 20 20 20 223/8 223/8 223/8 223/8 223/8 223/8 67/8 9 9 101/2 101/2 125/8 125/8 14 14 16 16 16 16 181/4 181/4 181/4 181/4 201/4 201/4 201/4 201/4 221/4 221/4 221/4 221/4



7 7 91/4 91/4 107/8 107/8 123/4 123/4 143/8 143/8 143/8 143/8 165/8 165/8 165/8 165/8 181/2 181/2 181/2 181/2 205/8 205/8 205/8 205/8 231/8 231/8 231/8 231/8 231/8 231/8 9 9 105/8 105/8 131/8 131/8 145/8 145/8 163/4 163/4 163/4 163/4 183/4 183/4 183/4 183/4 207/8 207/8 207/8 207/8 231/8 231/8 231/8 231/8



7



/8 /8 1 1 /8 1 1 /8 13/8 13/8 15/8 15/8 17/8 15/8 17/8 15/8 21/8 17/8 21/8 17/8 23/8 17/8 23/8 17/8 27/8 21/8 27/8 21/8 33/8 23/8 33/8 23/8 33/8 23/8 5/8 7/8 7/ 8 11/8 11/8 13/8 13/8 15/8 15/8 17/8 15/8 17/8 15/8 21/8 17/8 21/8 17/8 23/8 21/8 23/8 21/8 27/8 21/8 27/8 21/8 7



x 3/32 3/16 x 3/32 1/4 x 1/8 1/4 x 1/8 5/16 x 5/32 5/16 x 5/32 3/8 x 3/16 3/8 X 3/16 1/2 x 1/4 3/8 x 3/16 1/2 x 1/4 3/8 x 3/16 1/2 x 1/4 3/16



2 2 21/2 21/2 31/8 31/8 33/4 33/4 43/8 3 43/8 3 5 1/2 x 1/4 31/2 1/2 x 1/4 5 1/2 x 1/4 31/2 5/8 x 5/16 55/8 1/2 x 1/4 31/2 5/8 x 5/16 55/8 1/2 x 1/4 31/2 3/4 x 3/8 7 1/2 x 1/4 4 3/4 x 3/8 7 1/2 x 1/4 4 7/8 x 7/16 81/4 5/8 x 5/16 41/2 7/8 x 7/16 81/4 5/8 x 5/16 41/2 7/8 x 7/16 81/4 5/8 x 5/16 41/2 3/16 x 3/32 17/8 3/16 x 3/32 2 3/16 X 3/32 2 1/2 x 1/8 23/4 1/2 x 1/8 23/4 5/16 x 5/32 31/2 5/16 x 5/32 31/2 3/8 x 3/16 45/8 3/8 X 3/16 45/8 1/2 x 1/4 55/8 3/8 X 3/16 3 1/2 x 1/4 53/8 3/8 X 3/16 3 1/2 x 1/4 61/8 1/2 x 1/4 3/2 1/2 x 1/4 61/8 1/2 x 1/4 3/2 5/8 X 5/16 67/8 1/2 x 1/4 4 5/8 X 5/16 67/8 1/2 x 1/4 4 3/4 X 3/8 83/8 1/2 x 1/4 4 3/4 X 3/8 83/8 1/2 x 1/4 4



41/2 41/2 51/2 51/2 67/8 67/8 81/4 81/4 93/8 8 93/8 8 101/2 9 101/2 9 113/4 95/8 113/4 95/8 137/8 107/8 137/8 107/8 16 121/4 16 121/4 16 121/4 45/8 5 5 61/2 61/2 8 8 95/8 95/8 107/8 81/2 107/8 81/2 121/4 95/8 121/4 95/8 133/4 107/8 133/4 107/8 161/8 113/4 161/8 113/4



Bolts Wt. (Approx.) Dia. Lg. Open Encl. 1/4 1/4 5/16 5/16 5/16 5/16 3/8 3/8 3/8 3



/8



3/8 3/ 8 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/ 2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 5/8 5/8 5/8 5/8 5 /8 5/8 5/8 5/8 5/8 5/8 1/4 5/16 5/ 16 5/16 5/16 3



/8 /8 3/8 3/8 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 5/8 5/8 5/8 5/8 5/8 5/8 5/8 5/8 3



40 45 65 80 120 140 200 235 295 255 340 295 440 445 435 480 605 670 665 730 830 870 930 950 1165 1050 1370 1250 1800 1800



45 50 79 95 140 160 235 270 370 340 405 395 520 500 580 560 755 740 835 820 1050 1050 1160 1150 1440 1440 1650 1615 2260 2260



1 1 1 1 11/4 11/4 11/2 11/2 11/2 11/2 13/4 13/4 13/4 13/4 13/4 13/4 13/4 13/4 21/4 21/4 21/4 21/4 21/4 21/4 21/4 21/4 21/4 21/4 1 1 60 70 1 70 80 1 105 125 1 115 140 11/4 180 210 11/4 210 245 11/2 280 330 11/2 325 365 13/4 380 480 13/4 380 480 13/4 430 560 13/4 430 560 13/4 525 720 13/4 670 710 13/4 580 785 13/4 730 780 21/4 725 965 21/4 860 1075 21/4 810 1110 2v 970 1165 21/4 985 1315 21/4 1175 1355 21/4 1135 1550 21/4 1340 1620



TECH-G-4 Synchronous and Approximate Full Load Speed of Standard A.C. Induction Motors NUMBER of POLES



60 CYCLE RPM



50 CYCLE RPM



SYNC.



F.L.



SYNC.



F.L.



2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30



3600 1800 1200 900 720 600 515 450 400 360 327 300 277 257 240



3500 1770 1170 870 690 575 490 430 380 340 310 285 265 245 230



3000 1500 1000 750 600 500 429 375 333 300 273 240 231 214 200



2900 1450 960 720 575 480 410 360 319 285 260 230 222 205 192



TECH-G-5 Full Load Amperes at Motor Terminals* Average Values for All Speeds and Frequencies MOTOR HP



1/ 2 3/4



1 11/2 2 3 5 71/2 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 60 75 100 125 150 200 250



SINGLE-PHASE A-C 115 VOLTS



230 VOLTS**



9.8 13.8 16 20 24 34 56 80 100



4.9 6.9 8 10 12 17 28 40 50



THREE PHASE A-C INDUCTION TYPE SQUIRREL CAGE & WOUND ROTOR 230 460 575 VOLTS** VOLTS VOLTS



2.0 2.8 3.6 5.2 6.8 9.6 15.2 22 28 42 54 68 80 104 130 154 192 240 296 350 456 558



1.0 1.4 1.8 2.6 3.4 4.8 7.6 11 14 21 27 34 40 52 65 77 96 120 148 175 228 279



.8 1.1 1.4 2.1 2.7 3.9 6.1 9 11 17 22 27 32 41 52 62 77 96 118 140 182 223



DIRECT CURRENT 120 VOLTS



240 VOLTS



5.2 7.4 9.4 13.2 17 25 40 58 76 112 148 184 220 292 360 430 536



2.6 3.7 4.7 6.6 8.5 12.2 20 29 29 55 72 89 106 140 173 206 255 350 440 530 710



* These values for full-load current are for running at speeds usual for belted motors and motors with normal torque characteristics. Motors built for especially low speeds or high torques may require more running current, in which case the nameplate current rating should be used. ** For full-load currents of 208 and 200 volt motors, increase the corresponding 230 volt motor full-load current by 10 and 15 percent respectively.



1333



TECH-G



TECH-G-6 Motor Terms AMPERE: a unit of intensity of electric current being produced in a conductor by the applied voltage.



SERVICE FACTOR: a safety factor in some motors which allows the motor, when necessary, to deliver greater than rated horsepower.



FREQUENCY: the number of complete cycles per second of alternating current, e.g., 60 Hertz.



SYNCHRONOUS SPEED & SLIP: the speed of an a-c motor at which the motor would operate if the rotor turned at the exact speed of the rotating magnetic field. However, in a-c induction motors, the rotor actually turns slightly slower. This difference is defined as slip and is expressed in percent of synchronous speed. Most induction motors have a slip of 1-3%.



HORSEPOWER: the rate at which work is done. It is the result of the work done (stated in foot-pounds) divided by the time involved. INERTIA: the property of physical matter to remain at rest unless acted on by some external force. Inertia usually concerns the driven load. MOTOR EFFICIENCY: a measure of how effectively the motor turns electrical energy into mechanical energy. Motor efficiency is never 100% and is normally in the neighborhood of 85%.



TORQUE: that force which tends to produce torsion or rotation. In motors, it is considered to be the amount of force produced to turn the load, it is measured in lb.-ft. VOLTAGE: a unit of electro-motive force. It is a force which, when applied to a conductor, will produce a current in the conductor.



POWER FACTOR: the ratio of the true power to the volt-amperes in an alternating current circuit or apparatus. APPROXIMATE RULES OF THUMB



MECHANICAL FORMULAS



At 1800 rpm, a motor develops 3 lb.- ft per hp.



At 230 volts, a single- phase motor draws 2.5 amp per hp.



Torque in lb-ft = HP x 5250 RPM



At 1200 rpm, a motor develops 4.5 lb-ft per hp.



At 230 volts, a single- phase motor draws 5 amp per hp.



Hp= Torque x RPM 5250



At 575 volts, a 3-phase motor draws 1 amp per hp.



At 115 volts, a single- phase motor draws 10 amp per hp.



RPM = 120 x Frequency No. of poles



At 460 volts, a 3-phase motor draws 1.25 amp per hp. Average Efficiencies and Power Factors of Electric Motors Efficiency % Power Factor kW



Full Load



0.75 1.5 3 5.5 7.5 11 18.5 30 45 75



74 79 82.5 84.5 85.5 87 88.5 90 91 92



3



/4 Load 73 78.5 82 84.5 85.5 87 88.5 89.5 90.5 91.5



1



/2 Load



Full Load



69 76 80.5 83.5 84.5 85.5 87 88 89 90



0.72 0.83 0.85 0.87 0.87 0.88 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.90



3



1



/4 Load 0.65 0.78 0.80 0.82 0.83 0.84 0.85 0.86 0.86 0.87



/2 Load



Full Load Amps on 3ph 415V



0.53 0.69 0.73 0.75 0.76 0.77 0.79 0.80 0.80 0.81



2.0 3.2 6.0 10.5 14 20 33 52 77 126



Required Value



Direct Current



Single Phases



Two-Phase 4-Wire



Three Phase



HP Output



I x E x Eff 746



I x E x Eff x PF 746



I x E x 2 x Eff x Pf 746



I x E x 1.73 x Eff x PF 746



TECH-G-7 Electrical Conversion Formulae TO FIND



DIRECT CURRENT



Amperes when horsepower (input) is known



HP x 746 E x Efff kW x 1000 E



Amperes when kilowatts is known



ALTERNATING CURRENT Single Phase Three Phase HP x 746 E x Eff x P.F. kW x 1000 E x P.F. kva x 1000 E I x E x P.F. 1000 IxE 1000 KW Kva I x E x Eff x P.F. 746



Amperes when kva is known IxE 1000



Kilowatts Kva P.F.



I x E x Eff 746



Horespower (output)



TECH-G



I = Amperes E = Volts HP= Horsepower



Eff= Effiency (decimal) P.F = Power Factor



1334



HP x 746 1.73 x E x Eff x P.F. kW x 1000 1.73 x E x P.F. kvax 1000 1.73 x E 1.73 x I x E x P.F. 1000 1.73 x I x E 1000 KW Kva 1.73 x I x E x Eff x P.F. 746



Kva = Kilovolt- amperes kW = Kilowatts



TECH-G-8 Vertical Motors



VHS VERTICAL HOLLOWSHAFT Pump shaft thru motor and coupled below motor with impeller adjustment made at top of motor.



VHS VERTICAL SOLID SHAFT Pump shaft coupled to shaft extension below motor. Impeller adjustment at coupling



NOTE: The following dimensions may vary upon vendor selection and design: XC, CD, AG, AF, BV, C.



DIMENSIONS Top Shaft Dia. 3



/4



1 1



3/16 1



1 /2 15



1 /16 23/16



BX Bore



BZ Dia. BC



0.751



13/8



1.001



3



1.188



13/4



1



1.501



1



2 /8



3



1.938



1



2 /2



1/2



1/4



- 20



2.188



31/4



1/2



3/8



- 16



/8



SQ Key Size 3



/16



1/4



BY Tap Size 10-32 10-32



/4



1



/4 - 20



/8



1



/4 - 20



VERTICAL HOLLOWSHAFT NEMA dimensions for common top drive coupling sizes.



1335



TECH-G



NEMA SOLID SHAFT NEMA DIMENSIONS FOR COMMON SOLID SHAFT EXTENSION SIZES.



DIMENSIONS Motor Shaft Dia. AH U 7



H



B



C



D



3/8



3/4



11/16



3/16



x 3/22



3



/8



3/4



15/16



1/4



x 1/8



/8



23/4



23/4



5/8



11/8



23/4



23/4



1



15/8



41/2



41/4



25/8



3/8



3/4



11/4



3/8



x 3/16



7/8, 1, 13/16, 1 1/2



21/8



41/2



41/4



25/8



3/8



3/4



13/4



1/2



x 1/4



1, 13/16, 11/2, 115/16



25/8



5



5



31/2



3/8



3/4



21/4



5/8



x 5/16



23/16



27/8



7



61/2



5



/2



1



23/8



3/4



x 3/8



23/16, 211/16



31/8



7



7



43/4



3/4



11/2



25/8



3/4



x 3/8



23/16, 11/16, 215/16



1



HEADSHAFT COUPLINGS WITH VERTICAL HOLLOWSHAFT MOTOR: Impeller adjustment made on adjusting nut above motor (under motor canopy and bolted to top drive coupling). 1. Sleeve type (lineshaft) coupling. 2. Rigid flanged coupling (Type AR). 3. No coupling-straight shaft (not recommended due to difficult Installation/disassembly of head and motor).



WITH VERTICAL SOLID SHAFT MOTOR: Impeller adjustment made on adjusting plate of coupling without removal of motor canopy. (VSS motors also provide a lesser tolerance of shaft run-out which coincides with mechanical seal recommendations). 1. Adjustable coupling (Type A). 2. Adjustable spacer coupling (Type AS-recommended for applications with mechanical seals. The mechanical seal can be removed without disengaging motor).



TECH-G



Nominal Pump Shaft Keyway Diameters



V



1336



7/8 7/8,



1



TECH-G-9 I.E.C. Motor Frames IPP44 TOTALLY ENCLOSED & FLAMEPROOF (Similar to NEMA TEFC & Explosion Proof) C M=N



O



F E



U



N-W



D



E



H-SIZE HOLE



A



F



AC



B



DIMENSIONS I.E.C. Frames



Poles



Units



A B C Max. Max. Approx.



D80-19 E80-19 D90S24 E900S24 D90L24 E90L24 D100L28 E100L28 D112M28 E112M28 D132S38 E132S38 D132M38 E132M38 D160M42 E160M42 D160L42 E160L42 D180M48 E180M48 D180L48 E180L48 D200L55 E200L55 D225S55 E225S55 D225M60 E225M60 D250M60 E250M60 D250M65 E250M65 D280S65 E280S65 D280S75 E280S75 D280M65 E280M65 D280M75 E280M75 D315S65 E315S65 D315S80 E315S80 D315S80 E315M65 D315M80 E315M80



All



mm Inches mm Inches mm Inches mm Inches mm Inches mm Inches mm inches mm Inches mm Inches mm Inches mm Inches mm Inches mm Inches mm Inches mm Inches mm Inches mm Inches mm Inches mm Inches mm Inches mm Inches mm Inches mm Inches mm Inches



157 61/8 180 7 180 7 205 8 240 91/2 266 101/2 266 101/2 318 121/2 318 121/2 356 14 356 14 400 153/4 457 18 457 18 508 20 508 20 570 221/2 570 221/2 570 221/2 570 221/2 635 25 635 25 635 25 635 25



“ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ 2 4 to 8 2 4 to 8 2 4 to 8 2 4 to 8 2 4 to 8 2 4 to 8



130 51/8 130 51/8 155 61/8 180 7 185 71/4 185 71/4 225 83/4 267 101/2 311 121/4 300 113/4 340 133/8 368 141/2 370 141/2 395 151/2 426 163/4 426 163/4 470 181/2 470 181/2 520 201/2 520 201/2 520 201/2 520 201/2 570 221/2 570 221/2



245 10 300 10 320 121/2 380 15 380 15 440 171/2 480 19 580 23 620 241/2 650 251/2 685 27 760 30 810 32 835 33 925 361/2 925 361/2 1000 391/2 1000 391/2 1060 42 1060 42 1140 45 1140 45 1190 47 1190 47



D



E



F



H



M&N



O Approx.



80 3.15 90 3.54 90 3.54 100 3.94 112 4.41 132 5.20 132 5.20 160 6.30 160 6.30 180 7.09 180 7.09 200 7.87 225 8.86 225 8.86 250 9.84 250 9.84 280 11.02 280 11.02 280 11.02 280 11.02 315 12.41 315 12.41 315 12.41 315 12.41



63 21/2 70 23/4 70 23/4 80 31/8 95 33/4 108 41/4 108 41/4 127 5 127 5 140 51/2 140 51/2 159 61/4 178 7 178 7 203 8 203 8 229 9 229 9 229 9 229 9 254 10 254 10 254 10 254 10



50 2 50 2 63 211/2 70 23/4 70 23/4 70 23/4 89 31/2 105 41/8 127 5 121 43/4 140 51/2 153 6 143 55/8 156 61/8 175 67/8 175 67/8 184 71/4 184 71/4 210 81/4 210 81/4 203 8 203 8 229 9 229 9



10 3 /8 10 3 /8 10 3/8 12 15/32 12 15/32 12 15/32 12 15/32 15 19/32 15 19 /32 15 19/32 15 19/32 19 3 /4 19 3/4 19 3/4 24 15/16 24 15/16 24 15/16 24 15/16 24 15/16 24 15/16 28 13/32 28 13/32 28 13/32 28 13/32



140 51/2 156 6 3/16 169 611/16 193 75/8 200 77/8 239 93/8 258 101/8 323 123/4 345 135/8 352 137/8 371 145/8 396 151/2 402 157/8 445 171/2 483 19 483 19 514 201/4 514 201/4 540 211/4 540 211/4 559 22 589 231/4 585 23 615 241/4



185 71/4 210 81/4 210 81/4 230 9 250 10 290 111/2 290 111/2 360 14 360 14 400 153/4 400 153/4 440 171/2 490 191/4 490 191/4 550 215/8 550 215/8 630 243/4 630 243/4 630 243/4 630 243/4 725 281/2 725 281/2 725 281/2 725 281/2



1337



U Nominal Tolerance 19 7890 24 9459 24 .9499 28 1.1024 28 1.1024 38 1.4961 38 1.4961 42 1.6539 42 1.6539 48 1.8898 48 1.8898 55 2.1654 55 2.1654 60 2.3622 60 2.3622 65 2.5591 65 2.5591 75 2.9528 65 2.5591 75 2.9528 65 2.5591 80 3.1945 65 2.5591 80 3.1495



j6 j6 j6 j6 j6 k6 k6 k6 k6 k6 k6 m6 m6 m6 m6 m6 m6 m6 m6 m6 m6 m6 m6 m6



N&W



AC



Weight Approx.



40 11/2 50 2 50 2 60 23/8 60 23/8 80 31/8 80 31/8 110 43/8 110 43/8 110 43/8 110 43/8 110 43/8 110 43/8 140 51/2 140 51/2 140 51/2 140 51/2 140 51/2 140 51/2 140 51/2 140 51/2 170 611/16 140 51/2 170 611/16



90 31/2 106 43/16 106 43/16 123 47/8 130 51/8 169 65/8 169 65/8 218 85/8 218 85/8 231 91/8 231 91/8 243 91/2 259 101/4 289 113/8 308 121/8 308 121/8 330 13 330 13 330 13 330 113 356 14 386 151/4 356 14 386 151/4



10 kg 20 Lbs 20 kg. 45 kg. 22 kg. 50 Lbs. 30 kg. 65 Lbs. 44 kg. 100 Lbs 65 kg. 145 Lbs 90 kg. 100 Lbs. 120 kg. 265 Lbs. 150 kg. 330 Lbs 175 kg. 385 Lbs. 190 kg. 420 Lbs. 255 kg. 560 Lbs. 290 kg. 640 Lbs 350 kg 770 Lbs. 440 kg. 970 Lbs. 440 kg. 970 Lbs. 615 kg 1355 Lbs. 615 kg. 1355 Lbs. 675 kg. 1500 Lbs. 675 kg. 1500 Lbs. 800 kg. 1760 Lbs. 800 kg. 1760 Lbs 900 kg. 1985 Lbs. 900 kg. 1985 Lbs.



TECH-G



I.E.C. Motor Frames (cont'd) IP23 ENCLOSED VENTILATED (Similar to NEMA Open Drip Proof)



C M=N



O



U D



N-W



F E



AC



F



E H-SIZE HOLE



B



A



DIMENSIONS I.E.C. Frames



Poles



C160M48



All



C160L48



All



C180M55



All



C180L55



All



C200M60



All



C200L60



All



C225M60



2



C225M65



4 to 8



C250S65



2



C250S75



4 to 8



C250M65



2



C250M75



4 to 8



C280S65



2



C280S80



4 to 8



C280M65



2



C280M80



4 to 8



C315S70



2



C315S90



4 to 8



C315M7C



2



C315M90



4 to 8



TECH-G



Units



A B C Max. Max. Approx.



mm 318 inches 121/2 mm 318 inches 121/2 mm 356 inches 14 mm 356 inches 14 mm 400 inches 153/4 mm 400 inches 153/4 mm 457 inches 18 mm 457 inches 18 mm 508 inches 20 mm 508 inches 20 mm 508 inches 20 mm 508 inches 20 mm 570 inches 221/2 mm 570 inches 221/2 mm 570 inches 22 1/2 mm 570 inches 221/2 mm 635 inches 25 mm 635 inches 25 mm 635 inches 25 mm 635 inches 25



267 101/2 311 121/4 300 113/4 340 133/8 326 127/8 368 141/2 395 151/2 395 151/2 388 151/4 388 151/4 426 163/4 426 163/4 470 181/2 470 181/2 520 201/2 520 201/2 520 201/2 520 201/2 570 221/2 570 221/2



700 271/2 750 291/2 770 301/4 810 317/8 870 341/4 900 351/2 970 38 970 38 1100 431/4 1100 431/4 1140 447/8 1140 447/8 1265 493/4 1265 493/4 1315 513/4 1315 513/4 1475 58 1475 58 1525 60 1525 60



D



E



F



160 6.30 160 6.30 180 7.09 180 7.09 200 7.87 200 7.87 225 8.86 225 8.86 250 9.84 250 9.84 250 9.84 250 9.84 280 11.02 280 11.02 280 11.02 280 11.02 315 12.40 315 12.40 315 12.40 315 12.40



127 5 127 5 140 51/2 140 51/2 159 61/4 159 61/4 178 7 178 7 203 8 203 8 203 8 203 8 229 9 229 9 229 9 229 9 254 10 254 10 254 10 254 10



105 41/8 127 5 121 43/4 140 51/2 133 51/4 152 6 156 61/8 156 61/8 154 61/8 154 61/8 175 67/8 175 67/8 184 71/4 184 71/4 210 81/4 210 81/4 203 8 203 8 229 9 229 9



H



M&N



O Approx.



15



323 123/4 345 135/8 352 137/8 371 145/8 406 16 425 163/4 445 171/2 445 171/2 464 181/4 464 181/4 483 19 483 19 514 201/4 544 217/16 540 211/4 570 227/16 559 22 589 231/4 585 23 615 241/4



330 13 330 13 370 141/2 370 141/2 410 16 410 16 490 191/4 490 191/4 550 215/8 550 215/6 550 215/8 550 215/8 630 243/4 630 243/4 630 243/4 630 243/4 725 281/2 725 281/2 725 281/2 725 281/2



19/32



15 /32 15 19/32 15 19/32 19 3/4 19 3 /4 19 3/4 19 3/4 24 15/16 24 15/16 24 15/16 24 15/16 24 15/16 24 15/16 24 15/16 24 15/16 28 13/32 28 13/32 28 13/32 28 13/32 19



1338



U Nominal Tolerance 48 1.8898 48 1.8898 55 2.1654 55 2.1654 60 2.3622 60 2.3622 60 2.3622 65 2.5591 65 2.5591 75 2.9528 65 2.5591 75 2.9528 65 2.5591 80 3.1496 65 2.5591 80 3.1496 70 2.7559 90 3.5433 70 2.7559 90 3.5433



k6 k6 m6 m6 m6 m6 m6 m6 m6 m6 m6 m6 m6 m6 m6 m6 m6 m6 m6 m6



N&W



AC



Weight Approx.



110 43/8 110 43/8 110 43/8 110 43/8 140 51/2 140 51/2 140 51/2 140 51/2 140 51/2 140 51/2 140 51/2 140 51/2 140 51/2 170 611/16 140 51/2 170 611/16 140 51/2 170 611/16 140 51/2 170 611/16



218 85/8 218 85/8 231 91/8 231 91/8 273 103/4 273 103/4 289 113/8 289 113/8 308 121/8 308 121/8 308 121/8 308 121/8 330 13 360 143/16 330 13 360 143/16 356 14 386 151/4 356 14 386 151/4



120 kg 265 Lbs. 150 kg 330 Lbs. 200 kg 440 Lbs. 210 kg 465 Lbs. 270 kg 595 Lbs. 285 kg 630 Lbs. 350 kg 770 Lbs. 350 kg 770 Lbs. 450 kg 990 Lbs. 450 kg 990 Lbs. 500 kg 1100 Lbs. 500 kg 1100 Lbs. 650 kg 1435 Lbs. 650 kg 1435 Lbs. 700 kg 1545 Lbs. 700 kg 1545 Lbs. 850 kg 1875 Lbs. 850 kg 1875 Lbs. 950 kg 2100 Lbs. 950 kg 2100 Lbs.



TECH-G-10 TEFC IP55 Metric IEC Motors (Conversion NEMA to Metric) HP



kW



RPM



FRAME



NEMA Equivalent Frame



1 1 1 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 5.5 5.5 5.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 10 10 10 15 15 15 20 20 20 25 25 25 30 30 30 40 40 40 50 50 50 60 60 60 75 75 75 100 100 100 125 125 125 150 150 150



.75 .75 .75 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.2 2.2 2.2 3.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 5.5 5.5 5.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 11 11 11 15 15 15 18.5 18.5 18.5 22 22 22 30 30 30 37 37 37 45 45 45 55 55 55 75 75 75 90 90 90 110 110 110



3000 1500 1000 3000 1500 1000 3000 1500 1000 3000 1500 1000 3000 1500 1000 3000 1500 1000 3000 1500 1000 3000 1500 1000 3000 1500 1000 3000 1500 1000 3000 1500 1000 3000 1500 1000 3000 1500 1000 3000 1500 1000 3000 1500 1000 3000 1500 1000 3000 1500 1000 3000 1500 1000 3000 1500 1000



80 80 90S 80 90S 90L 90S 90L 100L 90L 100L 112M 100L 100L 132S 112M 112M 132M 132S 132S 132M 132S 132M 160M 160M 160M 160L 160M 160L 180L 160L 180M 200L 180M 180L 200L 200L 200L 225M 200L 225S 250S 225M 225M 250M 250S 250S 280S 250M 250M 280M 280S 280S 315S 280M 280M 315M



56 56 143T 56 143T 145T 143T 145T 182T 145T 182T 184T 182T 182T 213T 184T 184T 215T 213T 213T 215T 213T 215T 254T 254T 254T 256T 254T 256T 284T 256T 284T 326T 284T 286T 326T 326T 326T 365T 326T 364T 404T 354T 365T 405T 404T 404T 444T 405T 405T 445T 444T 444T 504Z 445T 445T 505Z



1339



TECH-G



Section TECH-H Conversion Factors TECH-H-1 Temperature Conversion Chart {Centigrade (Celsius)-Fahrenheit} C



F



-40 -38 -36 -34 -32



-40.0 -36.4 -32.8 -29.2 -25.6



-30 -28 -26 -24 -22



C



F



C



C



F



C



+5 6 7 8 9



+41.0 42.8 44.6 46.4 48.2



+40 41 42 43 44



+104.0 105.8 107.6 109.4 111.2



+175 180 185 190 195



+347 356 365 374 383



+350 355 360 365 370



+662 671 680 689 698



+750 800 850 900 950



+1382 1472 1562 1652 1742



-22.0 -18.4 -14.8 11.2 -7.6



10 11 12 13 14



50.0 51.8 53.6 55.4 57.2



45 46 47 48 49



113.0 114.8 116.6 118.4 120.2



200 205 210 215 220



392 401 410 419 428



375 380 385 390 395



707 716 725 734 743



1000 1050 1100 1150 1200



1832 1922 2012 2102 2192



-20 -19 -18 -17 -16



-4.0 -2.2 -0.4 +1.4 3.2



15 16 17 18 19



59.0 60.8 62.6 64.4 66.2



50 55 60 65 70



122.0 131.0 140.0 149.0 158.0



225 230 235 240 245



437 446 455 464 473



400 405 410 415 420



752 761 770 779 788



1250 1300 1350 1400 1450



2282 2372 2462 2552 2642



-15 -14 -13 -12 -11



5.0 6.8 8.6 10.4 12.2



20 21 22 23 24



68.0 69.8 71.6 73.4 75.2



75 80 85 90 95



167.0 176.0 185.0 194.0 203.0



250 255 260 265 270



482 491 500 509 518



425 430 435 440 445



797 806 815 824 833



1500 1550 1600 1650 1700



2732 2822 2912 3002 3092



-10 -9 -8 -7 -6



14.0 15.8 17.6 19.4 21.2



25 26 27 28 29



77.0 78.8 80.6 82.4 84.2



100 105 110 115 120



212.0 221.0 230.0 239.0 248.0



275 280 285 290 295



527 536 545 554 563



450 455 460 465 470



842 851 860 869 878



1750 1800 1850 1900 1950



3182 3272 3362 3452 3542



-5 -4 -3 -2 -1



23.0 24.8 26.6 28.4 30.2



30 31 32 33 34



86.0 87.8 89.6 91.4 93.2



125 130 135 140 145



257.0 266.0 275.0 284.0 293.0



300 305 310 315 320



572 581 590 599 608



475 480 485 490 495



887 896 905 914 923



2000 2050 2100 2150 2200



3632 3722 3812 3902 3992



0 +1 2 3 4



32.0 33.8 35.6 47.4 39.2



35 36 37 38 39



95.0 96.8 98.6 100.4 102.2



150 155 160 165 170



302.0 311.0 320.0 329.0 338.0



325 330 335 340 345



617 626 635 644 653



500 550 600 650 700



932 1022 1112 1202 1292



2250 2300 2350 2400 2450



4082 4172 4262 4352 4442



Degrees Celsius = (Degrees Fahrenheit - 32) x 5 9



F



C



F



Degrees Kelvin (K) = Degrees Celsius + 273.15 Degrees Rankine (R) = Degrees Fahrenheit + 459.69



Degrees Fahrenheit = (Degrees Celsius x 9) + 32 5



TECH-H



(0 degrees K or R = absolute zero)



1340



F



TECH-H-2 A.P.I. and Baumé Gravity Tables and Weight Factors A.P.I Gravity



Baumé Gravity



Specific Gravity



Lbs. Per U.S. Gal.



U.S. Gals. per Lb.



0 1 2 3 4 5



10.247 9.223 8.198 7.173 6.148 5.124



1.0760 1.0679 1.0599 1.0520 1.0443 1.0366



8.962 8.895 8.828 8.762 8.698 8.634



0.1116 0.1124 0.1133 0.1141 0.1150 0.1158



6 7 8 9 10



4.099 3.074 2.049 1.025 10.00



1.0291 1.0217 1.0143 1.0071 1.0000



8.571 8.509 8.448 8.388 8.328



0.1167 0.1175 0.1184 0.1192 0.1201



11 12 13 14 15



10.99 11.98 12.97 13.96 14.95



0.9930 0.9861 0.9792 0.9725 9.9659



8.270 8.212 8.155 8.099 8.044



0.1209 0.1218 0.1226 0.1235 0.1243



16 17 18 19 20



15.94 16.93 17.92 18.90 19.89



0.9593 0.9529 0.9465 0.9402 0.9340



7.989 7.935 7.882 7.830 7.778



0.1252 0.1260 0.1269 0.1277 0.1286



21 22 23 24 25



20.88 21.87 22.86 23.85 24.84



0.9279 0.9218 0.9159 0.9100 0.9024



7.727 7.676 7.627 7.578 7.529



0.1294 0.1303 0.1311 0.1320 0.1328



26 27 28 29 30



25.83 26.82 27.81 28.80 29.79



0.8984 0.8927 0.8871 0.8816 0.8762



7.481 7.434 7.387 7.341 7.296



0.1337 0.1345 0.1354 0.1362 0.1371



31 32 33 34 35



30.78 31.77 32.76 33.75 34.73



0.8708 0.8654 0.8602 0.8850 0.8498



7.251 7.206 7.163 7.119 7.076



0.1379 0.1388 0.1396 0.1405 0.1413



36 37 38 39 40



35.72 36.71 37.70 38.69 39.68



0.8448 0.8398 0.8348 0.8299 0.8251



7.034 6.993 6.951 6.910 6.870



0.1422 0.1430 0.1439 0.1447 0.1456



41 42 43 44 45



40.67 41.66 42.65 43.64 44.63



0.8203 0.8155 0.8109 0.8063 0.8017



6.830 6.790 6.752 6.713 6.675



0.1464 0.1473 0.1481 0.1490 0.1498



46 47 48 49 50



45.62 50.61 50.60 50.59 50.58



0.7972 0.7927 0.7883 0.7839 0.7796



6.637 6.600 6.563 6.526 6.490



0.1507 0.1515 0.1524 0.1532 0.1541



The relation of Degrees Baumé or A.P.I. to Specific Gravity is expressed by the following formulas: For liquids lighter than water: Degrees Baumé = 140 - 130, G Degrees A.P.I. = 141.5 - 131.5, G



G=



140 130 + Degrees Baumé



141.5 G= 131.5 + Degrees A.P.I.



For liquids heavier than water: Degrees Baumé = 145 - 145 , G



G=



145 145 - Degrees Baumé



G = Specific Gravity = ratio of the weight of a given volume of oil at 60° Fahrenheit to the weight of the same volume of water at 60° Fahrenheit.



1341



A.P.I Gravity



Baumé Gravity



Specific Gravity



Lbs. Per U.S. Gal.



U.S. Gals. per Lb.



51 52 53 54 55



50.57 51.55 52.54 53.53 54.52



0.7753 0.7711 0.7669 0.7628 0.7587



6.455 6.420 6.385 6.350 6.316



0.1549 0.1558 0.1566 0.1575 0.1583



56 57 58 59 60



55.51 56.50 57.49 58.48 59.47



0.7547 0.7507 0.7467 0.7428 0.7389



6.283 6.249 6.216 6.184 6.151



0.1592 0.1600 0.1609 0.1617 0.1626



61 62 63 64 65



60.46 61.45 62.44 63.43 64.42



0.7351 0.7313 0.7275 0.7238 0.7201



6.119 6.087 6.056 6.025 5.994



0.1634 0.1643 0.1651 0.1660 0.1668



66 67 68 69 70



65.41 66.40 67.39 68.37 69.36



0.7165 0.7128 0.7093 0.7057 0.7022



5.964 5.934 5.904 5.874 5.845



0.1677 0.1685 0.1694 0.1702 0.1711



71 72 73 74 75



70.35 71.34 72.33 73.32 74.31



0.6988 0.6953 0.6919 0.6886 0.6852



5.817 5.788 5.759 5.731 5.703



0.1719 0.1728 0.1736 0.1745 0.1753



76 77 78 79 80



75.30 76.29 77.28 78.27 79.26



0.6819 0.6787 0.6754 0.6722 0.6690



5.676 5.649 5.622 5.595 5.568



0.1762 0.1770 0.1779 0.1787 0.1796



81 82 83 84 85



80.25 81.24 82.23 83.22 84.20



0.6659 0.6628 0.6597 0.6566 0.6536



5.542 5.516 5.491 5.465 5.440



0.1804 0.1813 0.1821 0.1830 0.1838



86 87 88 89 90



85.19 86.18 87.17 88.16 89.15



0.6506 0.6476 0.6446 0.6417 0.6388



5.415 5.390 5.365 5.341 5.316



0.1847 0.1855 0.1864 0.1872 0.1881



91 92 93 94 95



90.14 91.13 92.12 93.11 94.10



0.6360 0.6331 0.6303 0.6275 0.6247



5.293 5.269 5.246 5.222 5.199



0.1889 0.1898 0.1906 0.1915 0.1924



96 97 98 99 100



95.09 96.08 97.07 98.06 99.05



0.6220 0.6193 0.6166 0.6139 0.6112



5.176 5.154 5.131 5.109 5.086



0.1932 0.1940 0.1949 0.1957 0.1966



The above tables are based on the weight of 1 gallon (U.S.) of oil with a volume of 231 cubic inches at 60° Fahrenheit in air at 760 m.m. pressure and 50% humidity. Assumed weight of 1 gallon of water at 60° Fahrenheit in air is 8.32828 pounds. To determine the resulting gravity by missing oils of different gravities: D = md1 - nd2 m+n D = Density or Specific Gravity of mixture m = Proportion of oil of d1 density n = Proportion of oil of d2 density d1 = Specific Gravity of m oil d2 = Specific Gravity of n oil



TECH-H



TECH-H-3 Approximate Conversion Table for Hardness Numbers Obtained by Different Methods* Brinell Number 10 mm. Ball 3000 Kg. Load 682 653 633 614 596 578 560 543 527 500 475 451 432 409 390 371 353 336 319 301 286 271 258 247 237 226 212 194 179 158 141 125 110 99 89



Rockwell Number C-Scale



B-Scale



61.7 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 50 48 46 44 42 40 38 36 34 32 30 28 26 24 22 20 16 12 8 2



Shore Scieroscope Number



Vickers Pyramid Number



84 81 79 78 77 75 73 72 71 69 67 64 62 58 56 54 51 49 47 44 42 41 38 37 35 34 32 29 27 24 21 18



99 98 95 92 89 83 77 70 62 55 47



737 697 674 654 636 615 596 578 561 544 513 484 458 434 412 392 372 354 336 318 302 286 272 260 248 238 222 204 188 166 141 125 110 99 89



*Compiled from various manufacturers' tables.



TECH-H-4 Conversion Factors English measures - unless otherwise designated, are those used in the United States, and the units of weight and mass are avoirdupois units. Gallon - designates the U.S. gallon. To convert into the Imperial gallon, multiply the U.S. gallon by 0.83267. Likewise, the word ton designates a short ton — 2,000 pounds.



Multiply Acres Acres Acres Acres Acre-feet Acre-feet Acre-feet Atmospheres Atmospheres Atmospheres Atmospheres



TECH-H



By 43,560 4047 1.562 x 10-3 4840 43,560 325,851 1233,48 1.0332 1.01325 76.0 29.92



Properties of water - it freezes at 32°F., and is at its maximum density at 39.2° F. In the multipliers using the properties of water, calculations are based on water at 39.2° F. in a vacuum, weighing 62.427 pounds per cubic foot, or 8.345 pounds per U.S. gallon.



To Obtain Square feet Square meters Square miles Square yards Cubic feet Gallons Cubic Meters Atmospheres (metric) Bars Cms. of mercury Inches of mercury



Multiply Atmospheres Atmospheres Atmospheres Atmospheres Atmospheres (metric) Atmospheres (metric) Bars Bars Bars Bars Bars



1342



By 33.90 10,332 14.70 1.058 0.9678 980,665. .98692 33.456 29.530 1.0197 2088.6



To Obtain Feet of water kgs/sq. ft Lbs./ sq. inch Tons/sq. ft. Atmospheres Bars Atmospheres Feet H2O @39°F. In. Hg @ 32° F. kg/cm2 Pounds/ ft.2



Multiply Bars Barrels- oil Barrels- beer Barrels- whiskey Barrels/day- oil Bags or sacks-cement Board feet British Thermal Units British Thermal Units British Thermal Units British Thermal Units British Thermal Units B.T.U./min. B.T.U./min. B.T.U./min. B.T.U./min. Centares (Centiares) Centigrams Centiliters Centimeters Centimeters Centimeters Centimeters of mercury Centimeters of mercury Centimeters of mercury Centimeters of mercury Centimeters of mercury Centimeters of mercury Centimeters of mercury Centimeters/sec. Centimeters/sec. Centimeters/sec. Centimeters/sec. Centimeters/sec. Centimeters/sec. Cms./sec./sec. Centipoises Centipoises Centistokes Centistokes Cubic centimeters Cubic centimeters Cubic centimeters Cubic centimeters Cubic centimeters Cubic centimeters Cubic centimeters Cubic centimeters Cubic cm/sec. Cubic cm/sec. Cubic feet Cubic feet Cubic feet Cubic feet Cubic feet Cubic feet Cubic feet Cubic feet Cubic feet Cubic feet/min.



By 14.504 42 31 45 0.02917 94 144 sq. in. x 1 in. 0.2520 777.6 3.927 x 104 107.5 2.928 x 104 12.96 0.02356 0.01757 17.57 1 0.01 0.01 0.3937 0.01 10 0.01316 0.013332 0.013595 0.4461 136.0 27.85 0.1934 1.969 0.03281 0.036 0.6 0.02237 3.728 x 10-4 0.03281 0.001 0.01 0.01 0.01 3.531 x 10-5 6.102 x 10-2 10-6 1.308 x 10-6 2.642 x 10-4 9.999 x 10-4 2.113 x 10-3 1.057 x 10-3 0.0158502 0.001 0.1781 2.832 x 10-4 1728 0.02832 0.03704 7.48052 28.32 59.84 29.92 472.0



To Obtain



Multiply



Pounds/in.2 Gallons- oil Gallons- beer Gallons- whiskey Gallons/min.- oil Pounds/cement Cubic inches Kilogram- calories Foot- lbs. Horsepower- hrs. Kilogram- meters Kilowatt- hrs. Foot-lbs./sec. Horsepower Kilowatts Watts Square meters Grams Liters Inches Meters Millimeters Atmosphere Bars kg/cm2 Feet of water kgs/sq. meter Lbs./sq. ft. Lbs./sq. inch Feet/min. Feet/sec. Kilometers/hr. Meters/min. Miles/hr. Miles/min. Feet/sec./sec. Pascal-second Poises Sq. cm/sec. Stokes Cubic feet Cubic inches Cubic meters Cubic yards Gallons Liters Pints (liq.) Quarts (liq.) Gallons/minute Liters/sec. Barrels (42 US Gal.) Cubic cms. Cubic inches Cubic meters Cubic yards Gallons Liters Pints (liq.) Quarts (liq.) Cubic cms./sec.



1343



Cubic feet/min. Cubic feet/min. Cubic feet/min. Cubic feet/sec. Cubic feet/sec. Cubic inches Cubic inches Cubic inches Cubic inches Cubic inches Cubic inches Cubic inches Cubic inches Cubic meters Cubic meters Cubic meters Cubic meters Cubic meters Cubic meters Cubic meters Cubic meters Cubic meters/hr. Cubic yards Cubic yards Cubic yards Cubic yards Cubic yards Cubic yards Cubic yards Cubic yards Cubic yards Cubic yards/min. Cubic yards/min. Cubic yards/min. Cubic yards/min. Decigrams Deciliters Decimeters Degrees (angle) Degrees (angle) Degrees (angle) Degrees/sec. Degrees/sec. Degrees/sec. Dekagrams Dekaliters Dekameters Drams Drams Drams Fathoms Feet Feet Feet Feet Feet Feet Feet Feet of water Feet of water



By



To Obtain



0.1247 0.4719 62.43 0.646317 448.831 16.39 5.787 x 10-4 1.639 x 10-5 2.143 x 10-5 4.329 x 10-3 1.639 x 10-2 0.03463 0.01732 106 35.31 61023 1.308 264.2 999.97 2113 1057 4.40 4.8089 764,554.86 27 46, 656 0.7646 202.0 764.5 1616 807.9 0.45 202.0 3.366 12.74 0.1 0.1 0.1 60 0.01745 3600 0.01745 0.1667 0.002778 10 10 10 27.34375 0.0625 1.771845 6 30.48 0.166667 3.0480 x 10-4 304.80 12 0.3048 1/3 0.0295 0.8826



Gallons/sec. Liters/sec. Pounds of water/min. Millions gals./day Gallons/min. Cubic centimeters Cubic feet Cubic meters Cubic yards Gallons Liters Pints (liq.) Quarts (liq.) Cubic centimeters Cubic feet Cubic inches Cubic yards Gallons Liters Pints (liq.) Quarts (liq.) Gallons/min. Barrels (42 U.S. Gal.) Cubic centimeters Cubic feet Cubic inches Cubic meters Gallons Liters Pints (liq.) Quarts (liq.) Cubic feet/sec. Gallons/min. Gallons/sec. Liters/sec. Grams Liters Meters Minutes Radians Seconds Radians/sec. Revolutions/min. Revolutions/sec. Grams Liters Meters Grains Ounces Grams Feet Centimeters Fathoms Kilometers Millimeters Inches Meters Yards Atmospheres Inches of mercury



TECH-H



Multiply Feet of water Feet of water Feet of water Feet/min. Feet/min. Feet/min. Feet/min. Feet/min. Feet/sec. Feet/sec. Feet/sec. Feet/sec. Feet/sec. Feet/sec. Feet/sec./sec. Feet/sec./sec. Feet/sec./sec. Foot- pounds Foot- pounds Foot- pounds Foot- pounds Foot- pounds Foot- pounds/min. Foot- pounds/min. Foot- pounds/min. Foot- pounds/min. Foot- pounds/min. Foot- pounds/sec. Foot- pounds/sec. Foot- pounds/sec. Foot- pounds/sec. G's (Accel. due to grav.) G's (Accel. due to grav.) G's (Accel. due to grav.) G's (Accel. due to grav.) Gallons Gallons Gallons Gallons Gallons Gallons Gallons Gallons Gallons-Imperial Gallons- US Gallons water Gallons per day Gallons per day Gallons per day Gallons per day Gallons per hour Gallons per hour Gallons per hour Gallons per hour Gallons per hour Gallons per hour Gallons per hour Gallons/min.



TECH-H



By 304.8 62.43 0.4335 0.5080 0.01667 0.01829 0.3048 0.01136 30.48 1.09726 0.5924 18.29 0.6818 0.01136 30.48 0.3048 0.0310810 1.286 x 10-3 5.050 x 10-7 3.240 x 10-4 0.1383 3.766 x 10-7 2.140 x 10-5 0.01667 3.030 x 10-5 5.393 x 10-3 2.280 x 10-5 7.704 x 10-2 1.818 x 10-3 1.941 x 10-2 1.356 x 10-3 32.174 35.3034 9.80665 21.9371 3785 0.1337 231 3.785 x 10-3 4.951 x 10-3 3.785 8 4 1.20095 0.83267 8.345 9.284 x 10-5 1.5472 x 10-6 2.6289 x 10-6 0.09284 0.1337 0.002228 3.71 x 10-5 6.309 x 10-5 .016667 2.7778 x 10-4 0.06309 34.286



To Obtain kgs./sq. meter Lbs./sq. ft. Lbs./sq. inch Centimeters/sec. Feet/sec. Kilometers/hr. Meters/min. Miles/hr. Centimeters/sec. Kilometers/hr. Knots Meters/min. Miles/hr. Miles/min. Cms./sec./sec. Meters/sec./sec. g's (gravity) British Thermal Units Horsepower-hrs. Kilogram- calories Kilogram- meters Kilowatt- hours B.T.U/sec. Foot-pounds/sec. Horsepower Gm.-calories/sec. Kilowatts B.T.U/min. Horsepower kg.-calories/min. Kilowatts Feet/sec.2 Km/hr.-sec. Meters/sec.2 Miles/hr.-sec. Cubic centimeters Cubic feet Cubic inches Cubic meters Cubic yards Liters Pints (liq.) Quarts (liq.) US Gallons Imperial Gallons Pounds of water Cubic ft./min. Cubic ft./sec. Cubic meters/min. Liters/min. Cubic ft./hr. Cubic ft./min. Cubic ft./sec. Cubic meters/min. Gallons/min. Gallons/sec. Liters/min. Barrels (42 US Gal.)/day



Multiply Gallons/min. Gallons/min. Gallons/min. Gallons/min. Gallons/min. Gallons/min. Gallons/sec. Gallons/sec. Grains (troy) Grains (troy) Grains (troy) Grains/US gal. Grains/US gal. Grains/Imp. gal. Grams Grams Grams Grams Grams Grams Grams Grams/cm. Grams/cu. cm. Grams/cu. cm. Grams/liter Grams/liter Grams/liter Grams/liter Hectares Hectares Hectograms Hectoliters Hectometers Hectowatts Horsepower Horsepower Horsepower Horsepower Horsepower Horsepower Horsepower Horsepower (boiler) Horsepower (boiler) Horsepower (boiler) Horsepower (boiler) Horsepower-hours Horsepower-hours Horsepower-hours Horsepower-hours Horsepower-hours Inches Inches Inches Inches Inches Inches of mercury Inches of mercury Inches of mercury



1344



By



To Obtain



1.4286 0.02381 1440 2.228 x 10-3 0.06308 8.0208 60 227.12 0.06480 0.04167 2.0833 x 10-3 17.118 142.86 14.254 980.7 15.43 .001 1000 0.03527 0.03215 2.205 x 10-3 5.600 x 10-3 62.43 0.03613 58.416 8.345 0.06242 1000 2.471 1.076 x 105 100 100 100 100 42.44 33,000 550 1.014 10.547 0.7457 745.7 33, 493 9.809 9.2994 9809.5 2546 1.98 x 106 641.6 2.737 x 105 0.7457 2.540 0.083333 0.0254 25.4 0.0277778 0.03342 0.03386 13.6



Barrels (42 US Gal.)/hr. Barrels (42 USGal.)/min. Gallons/day Cubic feet/sec. Liters/sec. Cu. ft./hr. Gallons/min. Liters/min. Grams Pennyweights (troy) Ounces Parts/million Lbs./million gal. Parts/million Dynes Grains Kilograms Milligrams Ounces Ounces (troy) Pounds Pounds/ inch Pounds/cubic foot Pounds/cubic inch Grains/gal. Pounds/1000 gals. Pounds/cubic foot Parts/million Acres Square feet Grams Liters Meters Watts B.T.U./min. Foot-lbs./min. Foot-lbs./sec. Horsepower (metric) kg.-calories/min. Kilowatts Watts B.T.U./hr. Kilowatts B.T.U./sec. Watts B.T.U Foot-lbs. Kilogram-calories Kilogram-meters Kilowatt-hours Centimeters Feet Meters Millimeters Yards Atmospheres Bars Inches H2O



Multiply Inches of mercury Inches of mercury Inches of mercury Inches of mercury Inches of mercury Inches of mercury Inches of mercury Inches of mercury (32° F) Inches of water Inches of water Inches of water nches of water Inches of water Inches of water Joules Joules Joules Joules Joules Joules Joules Kilograms Kilograms Kilograms Kilograms Kilograms Kilograms Kilograms Kilograms Kilograms



Kilograms-cal./sec. Kilograms-cal./sec Kilograms-cal./sec Kilograms-cal./sec Kilograms/cm Kilograms/cm Kilograms/cm Kilograms/cm Kilograms-cal./min. Kilograms-cal./min Kilograms-cal./min kgs/meter kgs/sq. meter kgs/sq. meter kgs/sq. meter kgs/sq. meter kgs/sq. meter kgs/sq. millimeter Kiloliters Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilopascal Kilometers/hr. Kilometers/hr. Kilometers/hr. Kilometers/hr. Kilometers/hr.



By 0.034531 3374.1 70.727 0.49116 1.133 345.3 70.73 0.491 0.002458 0.07355 25.40 0.578 5.202 0.03613 9.479 x 10-4 0.239006 0.73756 3.725 x 10-7 2.7778 x 10-7 1 2.7778 x 10-4 35.274 32.151 980,665 2.205 1.102 x 10-3 34.286 9.8421 x 10-4 0.001 103



3.968 3086 5.6145 4186.7 0.96783 0.980665 28.959 14.223 3085.9 0.09351 69.733 0.6720 9.678 x 10-5 3.281 x 10-3 2.896 x 10-3 0.2048 1.422 x 10-3 106 103 105 3281 103 0.6214 1094 .145 27.78 54.68 0.9113 .5399 16.67



To Obtain



Multiply



kg/cm2 Pascals Pounds/ft.2 Pounds/in.2 Feet of water kgs./sq. meter Lbs./sq. ft. Lbs./sq. inch Atmospheres Inches of mercury kgs./sq. meter Ounces/sq. inch Lbs./sq. foot Lbs./sq. inch B.T.U Calories (Thermo) Foot-lb.f. HP-hr. (US) Kilowatt-hr. Newton-m Watt-hr. Ounces (avoir) Ounces (troy) Dynes Lbs. Tons (short) Tons (assay) Tons (long) Tons (metric) Grams



Kilometers/hr. Kms./hr./sec. Kms./hr./sec. Kms./hr./sec. Kilowatts Kilowatts Kilowatts Kilowatts Kilowatts Kilowatts Kilowatts Kilowatts Kilowatts Kilowatts Kilowatt-hours Kilowatt-hours Kilowatt-hours Kilowatt-hours Kilowatt-hours Liters Liters Liters Liters Liters Liters Liters Liters Liters/min. Liters/min. Lumber width (in) x Thickness (in) 12 Meters Meters Meters Meters Meters Meters Meters/min. Meters/min. Meters/min. Meters/min. Meters/min. Meters/sec. Meters/sec. Meters/sec. Meters/sec. Meters/sec. Meters/sec. Meters/sec.2 Meters/sec.2 Meters/sec.2 Meters/sec.2 Meter-kg. (force) Microns Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles/hr.



B.T.U./sec. Foot-lbs./sec. Horsepower Watts Atmospheres Bars Inches Hg@ 32° F Pounds/in.2 Foot-lbs./min. Horsepower Watts Lbs./foot Atmospheres Feet of water Inches of mercury Lbs./sq. foot Lbs./sq. inch kgs./sq. meter Liters Centimeters Feet Meters Miles Yards Pounds/in.2 Centimeters/sec. Feet/min. Feet/sec. Knots Meters/min.



1345



By



To Obtain



0.6214 27.78 0.9113 0.2778 56.907 4.425 x 104 737.6 1.341 1.3597 1000 3412.9 0.94827 14.34 103 3414.4 2.655 x 106 1.341 860.4 3.671 x 105 103 0.03531 61.02 10-3 1.308 x 10-3 0.2642 2.113 1.057 5.886 x 10-4 4.403 x 10-3



Miles/hr. Cms./sec./sec. Ft./sec./sec. Meters/sec./sec. B.T.U./min. Foot-lbs./min. Foot-lbs./sec. Horsepower (US) Horsepower (metric) Joules/sec. B.T.U/hr. B.T.U./sec. kg.-calories/min. Watts B.T.U Foot-lbs. Horsepower-hrs. Kilogram-calories Kilogram-meters Cubic centimeters Cubic feet Cubic inches Cubic meters Cubic yards Gallons Pints (liq.) Quarts (liq.) Cubic ft./sec. Gals./sec.



Length (ft.)



Board feet



100 3.281 39.37 10-3 103 1.094 1.667 3.281 0.05468 0.06 0.03728 196.8 3.281 3.6 0.06 2.287 0.03728 3.2808 0.101972 39.37 134.214 9.8067 10-6 1.609 x 105 5280 1.609 1760 44.70



Centimeters Feet Inches Kilometers Millimeters Yards Centimeters/sec. Feet/min. Feet/sec. Kilometers/hr. Miles/hr. Feet/min. Feet/sec. Kilometers/hr. Kilometers/min. Miles/hr. Miles/min. Feet/sec.2 G (gravity) Inches/sec.2 Miles/hr.-min. Joules Meters Centimeters Feet Kilometers Yards Centimeters/sec.



TECH-H



Multiply Miles/hr. Miles/hr. Miles/hr. Miles/hr. Miles/hr. Miles/min. Miles/min. Miles/min. Miles/min. Milliers Milligrams Milliliters Millimeters Millimeters Milligrams/liter Million Gals./day Miner's inches Minutes (angle) Newtons (N) Ounces Ounces Ounces Ounces Ounces Ounces Ounces Ounces (troy) Ounces (troy) Ounces (troy) Ounces (troy) Ounces (troy) Ounces (fluid) Ounces (fluid) Ounces/sq. inch Ounces/gal (US) Ounces/gal (US) Ounces/gal (US) Ounces/gal (US) Parts/million Parts/million Parts/million Pennyweights (troy) Pennyweights (troy) Pennyweights (troy) Pennyweights (troy) Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds (troy) Pounds (troy) Pounds (troy) Pounds (troy) Pounds (troy) Pounds (troy) Pounds (troy) Pounds (troy)



TECH-H



By 88 1.467 1.609 0.8689 26.82 2682 88 1.609 60 103 10-3 10-3 0.1 0.03937 1 1.54723 1.5 2.909 x 10-4 .225 16 437.5 0.0625 28.3495 0.9115 2.790 x 10-5 2.835 x 10-5 480 20 0.08333 31.10348 1.09714 1.805 0.02957 0.0625 7.4892 0.25 0.46753 2.7056 x 10-4 0.0584 0.07015 8.345 24 1.55517 0.05 4.1667 x 10-3 16 256 7000 0.0005 453.5924 1.21528 14.5833 5760 240 12 373.2417 0.822857 13.1657 3.6735 x 10-4 4.1143 x 10-4



To Obtain Feet/min. Feet/sec. Kilometers/hr. Knots Meter/min. Meters/min. Feet/sec. Kilometers/min. Miles/hr. Kilograms Grams Liters Centimeters Inches Parts/million Cubic ft./sec. Cubic ft./min. Radians Pounds-force Drams Grains Pounds Grams Ounces (troy) Tons (long) Tons (metric) Grains Pennyweights (troy) Pounds (troy) Grams Ounces (avoir) Cubic inches Liters Lbs./sq. inch kg/m3 Ounces/quart Pounds/ft.3 Pounds/in.3 Grains/US gal. Grains/Imp. gal. Lbs./million gal. Grains Grams Ounces (troy) Pounds (troy) Ounces Drams Grains Tons (short) Grams Pounds (troy) Ounces (troy) Grains Pennyweights (troy) Ounces (troy) Grams Pounds (avoir.) Ounces (avoir.) Tons (long) Tons (short)



Multiply Pounds (troy) Pounds of water Pounds of water Pounds of water Pounds of water/min. Pounds/cubic foot Pounds/cubic foot Pounds/cubic foot Pounds/cubic inch Pounds/cubic inch Pounds/cubic inch Pounds/foot Pounds/inch Pounds/sq. in. Pounds/sq. in. Pounds/sq. in. Pounds/sq. in. Pounds/sq. in. Pounds/sq. foot Pounds/sq. foot Pounds/sq. foot Pounds/sq. inch Pounds/sq. inch Pounds/sq. inch Pounds/sq. inch Pounds/sq. foot Pounds/sq. foot Pounds/sq. foot Pounds/sq. foot Pounds/sq. foot Pounds/sq. foot Quadrants (angle) Quadrants (angle) Quadrants (angle) Quarts (dry) Quarts (liq.) Quintal, Argentine Quintal, Brazil Quintal, Castile, Peru Quintal, Chile Quintal, Mexico Quintal, Metric Quires Radians Radians Radians Radians/sec. Radians/sec. Radians/sec. Radians/sec./sec. Radians/sec./sec. Reams Revolutions Revolutions Revolutions Revolutions/min. Revolutions/min. Revolutions/min. Revolutions/min./min. Revolutions/min./min.



1346



By



To Obtain



3.7324 x 10-4 0.01602 27.68 0.1198 2.670 x 10-4 0.01602 16.02 5.787 x 10-4 27.68 2.768 x 10-4 1728 1.488 1152 0.06895 5.1715 0.070307 6895 6895 0.01602 4.882 6.944 x 10-3 0.06804 2.307 2.036 703.1 4.788 x 10-4 0.035913 0.014139 4.8824 x 10-4 47.880 47.880 90 5400 1.571 67.20 57.75 101.28 129.54 101.43 101.41 101.47 220.46 25 57.30 3438 0.637 57.30 0.1592 9.549 573.0 0.1592 500 360 4 6.283 6 0.1047 0.01667 1.745 x 10-3 2.778 x 10-4



Tons (metric) Cubic feet Cubic inches Gallons Cubic ft./sec Grams/cubic cm. kgs./cubic centimeters Lbs./cubic inch Grams/cubic inch kgs./cubic meter Lbs./cubic foot kgs/meter Grams/cm. Bars Cm Hg @ 0° C kg./cm2 Newtons/m2 Pascals Feet of water kgs./sq. meter Pounds/sq. inch Atmospheres Feet of water Inches of mercury kgs./sq. meter Bars Cm Hg @ 0°C In Hg @ 32°C kg/cm2 Newtons/m2 Pascals Degrees Minutes Radians Cubic inches Cubic inches Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Sheets Degrees Minutes Quadrants Degrees/sec. Revolutions/sec. Revolutions/min. Revs./min./min. Revs./sec./sec. Sheets Degrees Quadrants Radians Degrees/sec. Radians/sec. Revolutions/sec. Rads./sec./sec. Rev./sec./sec.



Multiply



By



To Obtain



Multiply



By



To Obtain



Square yards Square yards Temp. (°C.) + 273 Temp. (° C.) +17.78 Temp. (° F.) + 460 Temp (° F.) -32 Tons (long) Tons (long) Tons (long) Tons (metric) Tons (metric) Tons (short) Tons (short) Tons (short) Tons (short) Tons (short) Tons (short) Tons (short) Tons of water/ 24 hrs. Tons of water/24 hrs Tons of water/ 24 hrs Watts Watts Watts Watts Watts Watts Watts Watts Watt- hours Watt- hours Watt- hours Watt- hours Watt- hours Watt- hours Yards Yards Yards Yards



0.8361 3.228 X 10-7 1 1.8 1 5/9 1016 2240 1.12000 103 2205 2000 32,000 907. 1843 2430.56 2430.56 29166.66 0.90718 83.333 0.16643 1.3349 0.05686 44.25 0.7376 1.341 X 10-3 0.001360 1 0.01434 10-3 3.414 2655 1.341 X 10-3 0.8604 367.1 10-3 91.44 3 36 0.9144



Square Meters Square miles Abs. Temp. (° C.) Temp. (° F.) Abs. Temp (° F.) Temp. (° C.) Kilogams Pounds Tons (short) Kilogams Pounds Pounds Ounces Kilograms Pounds (troy) Tons (long) Ounces (troy) Tons (metric) Pounds water/ hr. Gallons/ min. Cu. Ft. / hr. B.T..U/ min Foot- Lbs. / min. Foot- Lb/sec. Horsepower (U .S) Horsepower( metric) Joules/ sec Kg- calories/ min. Kilowatts B.T.U Foot- Lbs Horsepower- hrs Kilogram-calories kilogram- meters Kilowatt- hours Centimeters Feet Inches Meters



Revolutions/ sec Revolutions/ sec Revolutions/ sec Revolutions/sec/sec Revolutions/ sec/sec. Seconds (angle) Square centimeters Square centimetera Square centimeters Square centimeters Square feet Square feet Square feet Square feet Square feet Square feet 1 Sq. ft./ gal. Min



360 6.283 60 6,283 3600 4.848 X 10-6 1.076 X10-3 0.1550 104 100 2.296 X 10-5 929.0 144 0.09290 3.587 X10-4 1/9



Degrees/ sec. Radians/ sec. Revolutions/ min. Radians/sec./sec Revs. / min/ min Radians Square feet Square inches Square meters Square milimeters Acres Square centimeters Square inches Square meters Square miles Square yards



8.0208



Square inches Square inches Square inches Square kilometers Square kilometers Square kilometers Square kilometers Square kilometers Square meters Square meters Square meters Square meters Square miles Square miles Square miles Square miles Square millimeters Square milimeters Square yards Square yards



6.542 6.944 X 10-3 645.2 247.1 10.76 X 106 106 0.3861 1.196 X 106 2.471 X10-4 10.76 3.861 X 10-7 1.196 640 27.88 x 106 2.590 3.098 x 106 0.01 1.550 x 10-3 2.066x 10-4 9



Overflow rate (ft. / hr.) Square centimeters Square feet Square millimeters Acres Square feet Square meters Square miles Square yards Acres Square feet Square miles Square yards Acres Square feet Square kilometers Square yards Square centimeters Square inchea Acres Square feet



1347



TECH-H



TECH-H-5 Quick Convert Tables AREA inch2 x 645.16- mm2 inch2 x 6.4516 = cm2



mm2 x .00155= inch2 cm2 x 0.1550 = inch2



cm2 = square centimeter mm2 = square millimeter



N • m x 8.85 = in-lbs



N • m= Newton- meter



m3/h x 4.403 = gpm liters/ second x 15.85 = gpm



m3/h= cubic meter per hour



BENDING MOMENT (Torque) in- lbf x 0.113 = N • m ft- lbf x 1.356 = N • m CAPACITY (Volume per Unit Time) gpm x 0.2271 = m3/h gpm x 0.638 = liters per second FORCE lbf x 0.00448 = kN



kN = kilonewton



HEAD ( & NPSH) foot x 0.3048 = m



m x 3.28084 = foot



m = meter



mm x 0.003281 = feet mm 0.03937= inch m x 3.281 = foot



mm= millimeter m = meter



kg x 2.205 = pound g x 0.03527 = ounce



kg = kilogram g =gram



kW x 1.340483 = hp



kW = kilowatt



kg/cm2 x 14.233578 = psi kPa x .145= psi kPa x 0.010197=kg/cm2 Bar x 14.50377 = psi



kg/cm2 = kilogram/ square centimeter



°F = (1.8 x °C ) + 32



°C = degrees Celsius



LENGTH foot x 304.8 = mm inch x 25.4 = mm foot x 0.3048 = m MASS (Weight) ounce x 0.02853 = kg pound x 0.4536 = kg ounce x 28.35 = g POWER hp x 0.7457= kW PRESSURE psi x 0.0703= kg/cm2 psi x 6.895 = kPa kg/cm2 x 98.07 = kPa psi x 0.06895 = Bar



kPa = kiloascal



TEMPERATURE °C= 0.556 (°F –32) VOLUME ft3 x 0.02832 = m3 Gallon x 0.003785= m3 Quart x 0.9464 = L Ounce x 29.57= mL Gallon x 3.7854 = L



TECH-H



m3 x 35.31 = ft3 m3 x 264 .17= gallon L x 1.057 = quart



m3 = cubic meter L = litre mL = milliliter



L X 0.26418 = gallon



1348



TECH-H-6 Conversion Chart–Gallons Per Minute to Barrels Per Day



GALLONS PER MINUTE



1 GPM = 34.286 BPD



BARRELS PER DAY X 1000



TECH-H-7 Decimal and Millimeter Equivalents of Fractions Inches Fractions 1



/64 /32 3 /64 1 /16 5 /64 3 /32 7 /64 1 /8 9 /64 5 /32 11 /64 3 /16 13 /64 7 /32 15 /64 1 /4 17 /64 9 /32 19 /64 5 /16 21 /64 11 /32 23 /64 3 /8 25 /64 13 /32 27 /64 7 /16 29 /64 15 /32 31 /64 1 /2 1



Inches



Millimeters Decimals .015625 .03125 .046875 .0625 .078125 .09375 .109375 .125 .140625 .15625 .171845 .1875 .203125 .21875 .234375 .250 .265625 .28125 .296875 .3125 .328125 .34375 .359375 .375 .390625 .40625 .421875 .4375 .453125 .46875 .484375 .500



Fractions 33



/64 /32 35 /64 9 /16 37 /64 19 /32 39 /64 5 /8 41 /64 21 /32 43 /64 11 /16 45 /64 22 /32 47 /64 3 /4 49 /64 25 /32 51 /64 13 /16 53 /64 27 /32 55 /64 7 /8 57 /64 29 /32 59 /64 15 /16 61 /64 31 /32 63 /64 1



.397 .794 1.191 1.588 1.984 2.381 2.778 3.175 3.572 3.969 4.366 4.763 5.159 5.556 5.953 6.350 6.747 7.144 7.541 7.938 8.334 8.731 9.128 9.525 9.922 10.319 10.716 11.113 11.509 11.906 12.303 12.700



17



1349



Millimeters Decimals .515625 .53125 .546875 .5625 .578125 .59375 .609375 .625 .640625 .65625 .671875 .6875 .703125 .71875 .734375 .750 .765625 .78125 .796875 .8125 .828125 .84375 .859375 .875 .890625 .90625 .921875 .9375 .953125 .96875 .984375 1.000



13.097 13.494 13.891 14.288 14.684 15.081 15.487 15.875 16.272 16.669 17.066 17.463 17.859 18.256 18.653 19.050 19.447 19.844 20.241 20.638 21.034 21.431 21.828 22.225 22.622 23.019 23.416 23.813 24.209 24.606 25.003 25.400



TECH-H



TECH-H-8 Atmospheric Pressures and Barometric Readings at Different Altitudes* Altitude Below or Above Sea Level (Feet) -1000 -500 0 +500 +1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000 8500 9000 9500 10,000 15,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000



Barometer Reading Inches Mercury at 32° F 31.02 30.47 29.921 29.38 28.86 28.33 27.82 27.31 26.81 26.32 25.84 25.36 24.89 24.43 23.98 23.53 23.09 22.65 22.22 21.80 21.38 20.98 20.58 16.88 13.75 8.88 5.54 3.44



Atmospheric Pressure (PSI)



Equivalent Head of Water (75°) (Feet)



°F



°C



15.2 15.0 14.7 14.4 14.2 13.9 13.7 13.4 13.2 12.9 12.7 12.4 12.2 12.0 11.8 11.5 11.3 11.1 10.9 10.7 10.5 10.3 10.1 8.3 6.7 4.4 2.7 1.7



35.2 34.7 34.0 33.4 32.8 32.2 31.6 31.0 30.5 29.9 29.4 28.8 28.3 27.8 27.3 26.7 26.2 25.7 25.2 24.8 24.3 23.8 23.4 19.1 15.2 10.2 6.3 3.9



213.8 212.9 212.0 211.1 210.2 209.3 208.4 207.4 206.5 205.6 204.7 203.8 202.9 201.9 201.0 200.1 199.2 198.3 197.4 196.5 195.5 194.6 193.7 184 -



101.0 100.5 100.0 99.5 99.0 98.5 98.0 97.4 96.9 96.4 95.9 95.4 94.9 94.4 94.4 93.9 92.9 92.4 91.9 91.4 90.8 90.3 89.8 84.4 -



*Approximate Values



TECH-H



1350



Boiling Point of Water



Section TECH-I Pump Operation and Maintenance TECH-I-1 Pump Safety Tips Maintenance personnel should be aware of potential hazards to reduce the risk of accidents... Safety Apparel:



• Ensure there are no missing fasteners • Beware of corroded or loose fasteners Operation:



• Insulated work gloves when handling hot bearings or using bearing heater



• Do not operate below minimum rated flow, or with suction/discharge valves closed



• Heavy work gloves when handling parts with sharp edges, especially impellers



• Do not open vent or drain valves, or remove plugs while system is pressurized



• Safety glasses (with side shields) for eye protection, especially in machine shop areas



Maintenance Safety: • Always lockout power



• Steel-toed shoes for foot protection when handling parts, heavy tools, etc.



• Ensure pump is isolated from system and pressure is relieved before disassembling pump, removing plugs, or disconnecting piping



• Other personal protective equipment to protect against hazardous/toxic fluids



• Use proper lifting and supporting equipment to prevent serious injury



Couplings Guards: • Never operate pump without a coupling guard properly installed Flanged Connections:



• Observe proper decontamination procedures • Know and follow company safety regulations



• Never force piping to make a connection with a pump



• Never apply heat to remove impeller



• Use only fasteners of the proper size and material



• Observe all cautions and warnings highlighted in pump instruction manual



TECH-I-2 PRO Services® Centers: An Economical Alternative Goulds offers an economical alternative to high maintenance costs. Goulds PRO Services® Centers are experienced with reconditioning all types of pumps and rotating equipment, restoring equipment to original specifications. Users continually utilize PRO Services® Centers for economical repair versus replacement, decreased downtime, reduced inventory of replacement parts and the advantage of updated engineering technology.



Benefits/Services: • Factory trained service personnel • 24-hour emergency service • Machine shop facilities • Inventory of replacement parts • Repairs to all makes and manufacture of pumps • Pickup and delivery service • Pump installation supervision • Technical advisory services • Turnkey field service capability • Vertical turbine rebowling • Condition monitoring • Predictive solutions Contact your nearest Goulds sales office for location of your nearest PRO Services® Center, or visit PRO Services® website at www.ittproservices.com.



1351



TECH-I



TECH-I-3 Symptoms and Causes of Hydraulic and Mechanical Pump Failure



TECH-I



3



4



5



6



7



8



9



10



Pump does not deliver sufficient pressure



Pump delivers flow intermittently



Bearings run hot and/or fail on a regular basis



High rate of mechanical seal failure



Packing has short life



Pump vibrates at higher-than-normal levels



Pump is drawing too much power



Wear of internal wetted parts is accelerated



Pump does not deliver liquid



Cause Pump not primed or prime lost Suction and/or discharge valves closed or clogged Suction piping incorrect Insufficient NPSH available Excessive air entrapped in liquid Speed (RPM) too low Incorrect rotation Broken impeller or bent vanes Incorrect impeller or impeller diameter System head too high Instruments give erroneous readings Air leaks in suction line Excessive shaft misalignment Inadequate lubrication Lubricant contamination Inadequate lubricant cooling Axial thrust or radial loads higher than bearing rating Improper coupling lubrication Suction pressure too high Bearing incorrectly installed Impeller out of balance Overheating of seal faces Excessive shaft deflection Lack of seal flush at seal faces Incorrect seal installation Pump is run dry Pump run off design point Shaft/shaft sleeve worn Packing gland not properly adjusted Packing not properly installed Impeller clogged Coupling out of balance Baseplate not installed properly Pump operating speed too close to system's natural frequency Bearing failing Piping not properly anchored Pump and/or driver not secured to baseplate Specific gravity higher than specified Viscosity higher than specified Internal clearances too tight Chemicals in liquid other than specified Pump assembled incorrectly Higher solids concentration than specified



Mechanical Failure



2



Pump does not deliver sufficient capacity



Hydraulic Failure 1



1352



TECH-I-4 Troubleshooting Centrifugal Pumps Problem



Probable Cause Pump not primed.



No liquid delivered.



Pump not producing rated flow or head.



Pump starts then stops pumping.



Bearings run hot.



Pump is noisy or vibrates.



Excessive leakage from stuffing box/seal chamber.



Motor requires excessive power.



Suction line clogged. Impeller clogged with foreign material. Wrong direction of rotation. Foot valve or suction pipe opening not submerged enough. Suction lift too high. Air leak through gasket. Air leak through stuffing box. Impeller partly clogged. Worn suction sideplate or wear rings. Insufficient suction head. Worn or broken impeller. Improperly primed pump. Air or vapor pockets in suction line. Air leak in suction line. Improper alignment. Improper lubrication. Lube cooling. Improper pump/driver alignment. Partly clogged impeller causing imbalance. Broken or bent impeller or shaft. Foundation not rigid. Worn bearings. Suction or discharge piping not anchored or properly supported. Pump is cavitating. Packing gland improperly adjusted. Stuffing box improperly packed. Worn mechanical seal parts. Overheating mechanical seal. Shaft sleeve scored. Head lower than rating. Pumps too much liquid. Liquid heavier than expected. Stuffing packing too tight. Rotating parts bind.



1353



Remedy Reprime pump, check that pump and suction line are full of liquid. Remove obstructions. Back flush pump to clean impeller. Change rotation to concur with direction indicated by arrow on bearing housing or pump casing. Consult factory for proper depth. Use baffler to eliminate vortices. Shorten suction pipe. Replace gasket. Replace or readjust packing/mechanical seal. Back flush pump to clean impeller. Replace defective part as required. Ensure that suction line shutoff valve is fully open and line is unobstructed. Inspect and replace if necessary. Reprime pump. Rearrange piping to eliminate air pockets. Repair (plug) leak. Re-align pump and drive. Check lubricate for suitability and level. Check cooling system. Align shafts. Back-flush pump to clean impeller. Replace as required. Tighten hold down bolts of pump and motor or adjust stilts. Replace. Anchor per Hydraulic Institute Standards Manual recommendation. System problem. Tighten gland nuts. Check packing and repack box. Replace worn parts. Check lubrication and cooling lines. Remachine or replace as required. Consult factory. Install throttle valve, trim impeller diameter. Check specific gravity and viscosity. Readjust packing. Replace if worn. Check internal wearing parts for proper clearances.



TECH-I



TECH-I-5 Abrasive Slurries and Pump Wear THE EFFECTS OF OPERATING AT DIFFERENT ZONES ON THE PUMP CHARACTERISTIC CURVE The rate of wear is directly influenced by the system point on the characteristic curve. These condition points can be divided into four significant zones of operation (Fig. 1).



PRINCIPAL WEAR AREAS As the abrasive mixture passes through the pump, all the wetted surfaces which come in contact will be subject to varying degrees of wear. It is very important to note that the performance of a conventional centrifugal pump, which has been misapplied to a slurry service, will be significantly effected by a relatively small degree of abrasive wear. The areas most prone to wear, in order of increasing severity, are: 1. Suction sideplate, particularly at the nozzle region. 2. Impeller, particularly at the eye vane inlets, suction side impeller shroud, and the vane tips. 3. Casing cutwater and side walls adjacent to the impeller tip. 4. Stuffing box packing and sleeve. NOTE: In the case of a conventional pump with radial wear rings on the impeller, this is where the worst wear occurs. On severely abrasive services where there are high concentrations of hard, larger, sharp particles, the suction side liner life can be increased if it is rotated periodically to equalize the effects of wear.



Fig. 1 Slurry Pump Characteristic Curve Overcapacity Zone:



The velocities within the pump are usually very high and recirculation occurs causing excessive wear. The radial hydraulic loads on the impeller increase.



Recommended The velocities within the pump are reduced (but not Operation enough to cause settlement). Recirculation is Zone: minimal and the flow in the suction nozzle should be axial (no induced vortex). The radial hydraulic loads are minimized. Reduced Capacity Zone:



The velocities within the pump are low, separation and recirculation occurs, causing excessive wear. Reducing the capacity should be limited because a certain minimum velocity must be maintained to avoid settling out; with the consequence of increased wear and clogging. The hydraulic radial loads will increase and the pump efficiency will decrease.



Shut Valve Zone:



This is the point of zero flow, and pump should not be operated at this point for any length of time. Wear and tear will be rapid due to separation and recirculation, the hydraulic forces will be at their highest, and settlement and plugging will occur. The pump will rapidly heat up, which is particularly serious in rubber constructed pumps.



TECH-I



In hard iron pumps applied to severely abrasive service, the relative wear rates of the suction side liner, casing, and impeller are in the order of 3 to 1.5 to 1, e.g. the life of the casing is three times that of a suction side wear plate. Recognizing that due to the nature of the mixtures being pumped, the complete elimination of wear is impossible, the life of the parts can be appreciably prolonged and the cost of maintenance reduced by a good pump design and selection, e.g.: •



Construct the pump with good abrasion resistant materials



•



Provide generous wear allowances on all parts subject to excessive wear



•



Adopt a hydraulic design which will minimize the effects causing wear



•



Adopt a mechanical design which is suitable for the materials of construction and has ready access to the parts for renewal



•



Limit the head to be generated and select a low speed pump



1354



TECH-I-6 Start-Up and Shut-Off Procedure for Heated and Unheated Mag Drive Pumps (This procedure does not replace the instruction operation manual.) A. CHECKLIST BEFORE START-UP 1.



C. SHUT-OFF



The nominal motor power must not exceed the pump's allowed maximum capacity (compare rating plates of motor and pump).



2.



Check direction of rotation with disconnected coupling.



3.



Check alignment of coupling.



4.



Check ease of pump operation by hand.



5.



Attach coupling protection.



6.



1.



Close pressure valve.



2.



Shut off motor. Allow pump to slow down smoothly.



3.



In case of external cooling, shut off coolant flow.



4.



Close suction valve.



NOTE:



Connect thermocouples, dry run protection, pressure gauges, etc.



•



Throttling must not be done with the suction valve.



•



Never shut off the pump with the suction valve.



•



Pump must never run dry. Never run the pump against a closed pressure valve.



7.



Connect heater for heated pumps.



•



8.



Connect cooling system (if required).



•



The pump motor unit must run vibration free.



Attention: Insulation must not cover roller bearings.



•



Temperature of roller bearings must not exceed tolerated limit.



9.



B. START-UP 1.



Preheat heated pumps for a minimum of 2 hours.



2.



Open pressure valve.



3.



Open suction valve completely and fill pump.



4.



After 2-3 minutes close pressure valve.



5.



In case of external cooling, switch on coolant flow.



6.



Start motor.



7.



Subsequently open pressure valve slowly until pump reaches specified performance level.



1355



TECH-I



TECH-I-7 Raised Face and Flat Face Flanges (Mating Combinations) Pumps of cast iron construction are furnished with 125 or 250 lb. flat face (F.F.) flanges. Since industry normally uses fabricated steel piping, the pumps are often connected to 150 or 300 lb. 1/16" raised face (R.F.) steel flanges. Difficulty can occur with this flange mating combination. The pump flange tends to pivot around the edge of the raised face as the flange bolts are tightened. This can cause the pump flange to break allowing leakage at the joint (Fig. 1). A similar problem can be encountered when a bronze pump with F.F. flanges is connected to R.F. steel flanges (Fig. 2). Since the materials are not of equal strength, the bronze flange may distort, resulting in leakage. To avoid problems when attaching bronze or cast iron F.F. pump flanges to R.F. steel pipe flanges, the following steps should be taken (refer to Fig. 3). 1. Machine off the raised face on the steel pipe flange. 2. Use a full face gasket. If the pump is steel or stainless steel with F.F. flanges, no problem arises since materials of equal strength are being connected. Many customers, however, specify R.F. flanges on steel pumps for mating to R.F. companion flanges. This arrangement is technically and practically not required.



The purpose of a R.F. flange is to concentrate more pressure on a smaller gasket area and thereby increase the pressure containment capability of the joint. To create this higher gasket load, it is only necessary to have one-half of the flanged joint supplied with a raised face - not both. The following illustrations show 4" steel R.F. and F.F. mating flange combinations and the gasket loading incurred in each instance. Assuming the force (F) from the flange bolts to be 10,000 lbs. and constant in each combination, the gasket stress is: P (Stress) = Bolt Force (F) Gasket Area P1 (Fig. 4) = 10,000 lbs. = 203 psi 49.4 sq. in. P2 (Fig. 5) = 10,000 lbs = 630 psi P3 (Fig. 6) = 15.9 sq. in. It can be readily seen that the smaller gasket, used with a raised face flange, increases the pressure containment capability of a flanged joint. However, it can also be noted that there is no difference in pressure capability between R.F.-to-R.F. and R.F.-to-F.F. flange combinations. In addition to being technically unnecessary to have a R.F.-to-R.F. mating combination, the advantages are: 1. The elimination of the extra for R.F. flanges. 2. The elimination of the extra delivery time required for a non-standard casing.



Fig. 1



Fig. 2



Fig. 3 Steel Flange With Raised Face Machined Off



Steel R.F. Mating Flange



Steel R.F. Mating Flange Cast Iron F.F. Pump Flange



Fig. 4 Gasket Area 49.4 sq. in.



P1



P1



Cast Iron or Bronze F.F. Pump Flange



Bronze F.F. Pump Flange Fig. 5 Gasket Area 15.9 sq. in.



P2



R.F. to R.F.



1356



Fig. 6 Gasket Area 15.9 sq. in.



P3



P2



F.F. to F.F.



TECH-I



Full Face Gasket



P3



F.F. to R.F.



TECH-I-8 Keep Air Out of Your Pump Most centrifugal pumps are not designed to operate on a mixture of liquid and gases. To do so is an invitation to serious mechanical trouble, shortened life and unsatisfactory operation. The presence of relatively small quantities of air can result in considerable reduction in capacity, since only 2% free air will cause a 10% reduction in capacity, and 4% free air will reduce the capacity by 43.5%. In addition to a serious loss in efficiency and wasted power, the pump may be noisy with destructive vibration. Entrained air is one of the most frequent causes of shaft breakage. It also may cause the pump to lose its prime and greatly accelerate corrosion.



When the source of suction supply is above the centerline of the pump, a check for air leaks can be made by collecting a sample in a "bubble bottle" as illustrated. Since the pressure at the suction chamber of the pump is above atmospheric pressure, a valve can be installed in one of the tapped openings at the high point in the chamber and liquid can be fed into the "bubble bottle." The presence of air or vapor will show itself in the "bubble bottle." Connect To Valve Installed At The High Point In Suction Chamber Or Discharge



Air may be present in the liquid being pumped due to leaky suction lines, stuffing boxes improperly packed, or inadequately sealed on suction lift or from other sources. Refer also to Section TECH-D-7, Pumping Liquids with Entrained Gas.



To Drain



On the other hand, very small amounts of entrained air (less than 1%) can actually quiet noisy pumps by cushioning the collapse of cavitation bubbles. TESTING FOR AIR IN CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS The amount of air which can be handled with reasonable pump life varies from pump to pump. The elimination of air has greatly improved the operation and life of many troublesome pumps. When trouble occurs, it is common to suspect everything but air, and to consider air last, if at all. In many cases a great deal of time, inconvenience, and expense can be saved by making a simple test for the presence of air. We will assume that calculations have already been made to determine that there is sufficient NPSH Margin (2 - 5 times the NPSHR) to insure that the noise is not due to cavitation. The next step should be to check for the presence of entrained air in the pumpage.



This test can also be made from a high point in the discharge side. Obviously, the next step is to eliminate the source of air since quantities present insufficient amount to be audible are almost certain to cause premature mechanical failure. NOTE: The absence of bubbles is not proof that the pumpage doesn't contain air.



TECH-I-9 Ball Bearings – Handling, Replacement and Maintenance Suggestions Ball bearings are carefully designed and made to watch-like tolerances. They give long, trouble-free service when properly used. They will not stand abuse.



PULL BEARINGS CAREFULLY



KEEP CLEAN



1. Use sleeve or puller which contacts just inner race of bearing. (The only exception to this is some double suction pumps which use the housing to pull the bearing.)



Dirt causes 90% of early bearing failures. Cleanliness is a must when working on bearings. Some things which help:



2. Never press against the balls or ball cages, only against the races.



1. Do not open housings unless absolutely necessary.



3. Do not cock bearing. Use sleeve which is cut square, or puller which is adjusted square.



2. Spread clean newspapers on work benches and at pump. Set tools and bearings on papers only. 3. Wash hands. Wipe dirt, chips and grease off tools.



4. When using a bearing housing to pull a bearing, pull evenly, do not hammer on housing or shaft. With both races locked, shock will be carried to balls and ruin bearing.



4. Keep bearings, housings, and shaft covered with clean cloths whenever they are not being worked on.



INSPECT BEARINGS AND SHAFT



5. Do not unwrap new bearings until ready to install. 6. Flush shaft and housing with clean solvent before reassembly.



1. Look bearing over carefully. Scrap it if there are any flat spots, nicks or pits on the balls or races. Bearings should be in perfect shape. 2. Turn bearing over slowly by hand. It should turn smoothly and quietly. Scrap if "catchy" or noisy.



1357



TECH-I



3. Whenever in doubt about the condition of the bearing, scrap it. Five or ten dollars worth of new bearings may prevent serious loss from downtime and pump damage. In severe or critical services, replace bearings at each overhaul. 4. Check condition of shaft. Bearing seats should be smooth and free from burrs. Smooth burrs with crocus cloth. Shaft shoulders should be square and not run over. CHECK NEW BEARINGS Be sure bearing is of correct size and type. For instance, an angular contact bearing which is dimensionally the same as a deep groove bearing may fit perfectly in the pump. However, the angular contact bearing is not suitable for end thrust in both directions, and may quickly fail. Also check to see that shields (if any) are the same as in the original unit. Refer to the pump instruction manual for the proper bearing to use.



INSTALL CAREFULLY 1. Oil bearing seat on shaft lightly. 2. Shielding, if any, must face in proper direction. Angular contact bearings, on pumps where they are used, must also face in the proper direction. Duplex bearings must be mounted with the proper faces together. Mounting arrangements vary from model to model. Consult instruction manual for specific pump. 3. Press bearing on squarely. Do not cock it on shaft. Be sure that the sleeve used to press the bearing on is clean, cut square, and contacts the inner race only. 4. Press bearing firmly against shaft shoulder. The shoulder helps support and square the bearing. 5. Be sure snap rings are properly installed, flat side against bearing, and that lock nuts are tight. 6. Lubricate properly, as directed in instruction manual.



TECH-I-10 Impeller Clearance IMPELLER CLEARANCE Open impeller centrifugal pumps offer several advantages. They're particularly suited but not restricted to liquids which contain abrasive solids. Abrasive wear on an open impeller is distributed over the diametrical area swept by the vanes. The resulting total wear has less effect on performance than the same total wear concentrated on the radial ring clearance of a closed impeller.



7. Evenly tighten locking bolts, the jack bolts keeping indicator at proper setting. 8. Check shaft for free turning. *Established clearance may vary due to service temperature.



The open impeller permits restoration of "new pump" running clearance after wear has occurred without parts replacement. Many of Goulds open impeller pumps feature a simple positive means for axial adjustment without necessity of disassembling the unit to add shims or gaskets.



228



134A



423B



SETTING IMPELLER CLEARANCE (DIAL INDICATOR METHOD) 1. After locking out power, remove coupling guard and coupling. 2. Set dial indicator so that button contacts shaft end.



371A



3. Loosen jam nuts (423B) on jack bolts (371A) and back bolts out about two turns. 4. Tighten each locking bolt (370C) evenly, drawing the bearing housing toward the bearing frame until impeller contacts casing.



370C



5. Set indicator to zero and back locking bolt about one turn.



DIAL INDICATOR METHOD



6. Thread jack bolts in until they evenly contact the bearing frame. Tighten evenly backing the bearing housing away from the frame until indicator shows the proper clearance established in instruction manual.*



TECH-I-11 Predictive and Preventive Maintenance Program This overview of Predictive and Preventive Maintenance (PPM) is intended to assist the pump users who are starting a PPM program or have an interest in the continuous improvement of their current programs. There are four areas that should be incorporated in a PPM program. Individually each one will provide information that gives an indication of the condition of the pump; collectively they will provide a complete picture as to the actual condition of the pump.



TECH-I



PUMP PERFORMANCE MONITORING There are six parameters that should be monitored to understand how a pump is performing. They are suction pressure (Ps ), discharge pressure (Pd ), flow (Q), pump speed (Nr ), pumpage properties, and power. Power is easiest measured with a clip on amp meter but some facilities have continuous monitoring systems that can be utilized. In any event, the intent is to determine the BHP of the pump. When using a clip on amp meter, the degree of accuracy is limited.



1358



The most basic method of determining the TDH of the pump is by utilizing suction and discharge gauges to determine PS and Pd. The installation of the taps for the gauges is very important. Ideally, they should be located normal to the pipe wall and on the horizontal centerline of the pipe. They should also be in a straight section of pipe. Avoid locating the taps in elbows or reducers because the readings will not indicate the true static pressure due to the velocity head component. Avoid locating taps in the top or bottom of the pipe because the gauges can become air bound or clogged with solids. Flow measurements can be difficult to obtain but every effort should be made to do so, especially when troubleshooting. In some new installations permanent flow meters are installed which make the job easier. When this is the case, make sure the flow meters are working properly and have been calibrated on a regular schedule. When flow meters are not installed, pitot tubes can be used. Pitot tubes provide a very accurate measure of flow, but this in an obtrusive device and provisions must be made to insert the tube into the piping. The other method of determining flow is with either a doppler or transitime device. Again, provisions must be made on the piping for these instruments, but these are non-obtrusive devices and are easier to use than the pitot tube. Caution must be exercised because each device must be calibrated, and independent testing has shown these devices are sensitive to the pumpage and are not 100% accurate. An accurate power measurement reading can also be difficult to obtain. Clip on map meters are the most common tool available to the Field Engineer who is troubleshooting a pump problem. In most cases this has proven to be accurate. However, as previously mentioned, this tool must be used and applied properly. Clip on map meters are not accurate enough to determine the actual efficiency of a pump. If accurate horsepower readings are necessary, a torque shaft must be installed but is not very practical in an actual field installation and lends itself to use in a laboratory environment much better. In some critical installations where the user has provided a permanent power monitor, these have varying degrees of accuracy and they must be understood up front. Finally, the properties of the pumpage must be known to accurately determine the actual pump performance. Pumpage temperature (Tp), viscosity, and specific gravity (S.G.), must be known. When all of the above parameters are known, it becomes a simple matter of calculating the pump performance. There are instances when it proves to be a very difficult if not an impossible task to determine all of the above parameters in the field, therefore, the Field Engineer must rely on his or her ability to understand where a compromise must be made to get the job done. The basic document the Field Engineer must have is the pump performance curve. With this it can be determined where the pump is performing in some cases without all of the information. PUMP VIBRATION AND BEARING ANALYSIS Vibration analysis is the cornerstone of all PPM programs. Perhaps the question asked most often is "What is the vibration level that indicates the pump is in distress?”. The answer is that there is no absolute vibration amplitude level that is indicative of a pump in distress. However, there are several guidelines that have been developed as target values that enable the analyst to set alarm levels. Also many users have developed their own site criteria that is used as a guideline. Institutions such as the Hydraulic Institute and API have developed independent vibration criteria. Caution should be exercised when applying the published values...each installation is unique and should be handled accordingly. When a machine is initially started, a baseline vibration reading should be taken and trended over time.



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Typically, readings are taken on the motor outboard and inboard bearing housings in the vertical and horizontal directions and on the pump outboard and inboard bearing housings in the vertical and horizontal directions. Additionally, an axial vibration measurement is taken on the pump. The inboard location is defined as the coupling end of the machine. It is critical that when the baseline vibration measurement is taken that the operating point of the pump is also recorded. The vibration level of a pump is directly related to where it is operating and in relation to its Best Efficiency Point (BEP). The further away from the BEP, the higher the vibrations will be. See the following chart for a graphical representation of vibration amplitudevs- flow.



AMPLITUDE (mlls, In./sec, G’s)



It should not be used to determine the efficiency of the pump. Clip on amp meters are best used for troubleshooting where the engineer is trying to determine the operating point of the pump.



CAPACITY (Q) Typical Vibration Level Characteristic vs. Capacity The engineer must also look at the frequency where the amplitude is occurring. Frequency identifies what the defect is that is causing the problem, and the amplitude is an indication of the severity of the problem. These are general guidelines and do not cover every situation. The spectrum in the chart is a typical spectrum for a pump that has an unbalance condition. Bearing defect analysis is another useful tool that can be used in many condition monitoring programs. Each component of a roller bearing has its own unique defect frequency. Vibration equipment available today enables the engineer to isolate the unique bearing defects and determine if the bearing is in distress. This allows the user to shut the machine down prior to a catastrophic failure. There are several methods utilized but the most practical from a Field Engineering perspective is called bearing enveloping. In this method, special filters built into the analyzer are used to amplify the repetitive high frequency signals in the high frequency range and amplify them in the low frequency part of the vibration spectrum. Bearing manufacturers publish the bearing defect frequency as a function of running speed which allows the engineer to identify and monitor the defect frequency. Similar to conventional vibration analysis, a baseline must be established and then trended. There are other methods available such as High Frequency Detection (HFD), and Spike Energy but the enveloping technology is the latest development. It is a common practice to monitor bearing temperature. The most accurate method to monitor the actual bearing temperature is to use a device that will contact the outer race of the bearing. This requires holes to be drilled into the bearing housings which is not always practical. The other method is the use of an infrared 'gun' where the analyst aims the gun at a point on the bearing housing where the temperature reading is going to be taken. Obviously, this method is the most convenient but there is a downside. The temperature being measured is the outside surface of the bearing housing, not the actual bearing temperature. This must be considered when using this method.



TECH-I



To complete the condition monitoring portion of a PPM program, many users have begun an oil analysis program. There are several tests that can be performed on the lubricant to determine the condition of the bearing or determine why a bearing failed so appropriate corrective action can be taken. These tests include Spectrographic Analysis, Viscosity Analysis, Infrared Analysis, Total Acid Number, Wear Particle Analysis and Wear Particle Count. Most of these tests have to be performed under laboratory conditions. Portable instruments are now available that enable the user to perform the test on site. PUMP SYSTEM ANALYSIS Pump system analysis is often overlooked because it is assumed the system was constructed and operation of the pumps are in accordance with the design specifications. This is often not the case. A proper system analysis begins with a system head curve. System head curves are very difficult to obtain from the end user and, more often than not, are not available. On simple systems, they can be generated in the field but on more complicated systems this can't be done. As has been stated previously, it is imperative to know where the pumps are being operated to perform a correct analysis and this is dependent on the system.



A typical system analysis will include the following information; NPSHA, NPSHR, static head, friction loss through the system, and a complete review of the piping configuration and valving. The process must also be understood because it ultimately dictates how the pumps are being operated. All indicators may show the pump is in distress when the real problem is it is being run at low or high flows which will generate high hydraulic forces inside the pump. CONCLUSION A PPM program that incorporates all of the topics discussed will greatly enhance the effectiveness of the program. The more complete understanding the engineer has of the pumping system, the more effective the PPM program becomes.



TECH-I-12 Field Alignment (This procedure does not replace the instruction operation manual.) Proper field alignment of pumps and drivers is critical to the life of the equipment. There are three methods used in industry: rim and face, reverse dial indicator, and laser alignment. RIM AND FACE This method should not be used when there is no fixed thrust bearing or on pumps/drivers that have axial shaft movement.



P



A



Y (Motor End)



X (Pump End)



Fig. 1 Rim and Face Dial Indicator Alignment (Criteria: 0.002 in. T.I.R. rim and face reading) REVERSE DIAL INDICATOR



Fig. 2 Reverse Dial Indicator Alignment (Criteria: 0.0005 in. per inch of dial indicator separation)



LASER ALIGNMENT Although a popular method, it's not any more accurate than either dial indicator method. Instruments are expensive and require frequent calibration.



This method is the most widely used and is recommended for most situations.



TECH-I



1360



MAXIMUM DEVIATION AT EITHER DIAL INDICATOR (MILS/INCH OF INDICATOR SEPARATION)



2. Level the pump off of the shaft extension. Do not level off of the pump casing flanges. Remember, the piping must come to the pump. You are aligning the pump shaft and the driver shaft. Shafts are the datum, not flanges. a. Use a STARRET No.135 level to level the shaft. Unacceptable



b. Leveling the pump should be accomplished by shimming under the bearing frame foot. B. Motor 1. Set the motor on the baseplate. 2. Using a straight edge, approximate the shaft alignment. a. This will require setting shims of the same thickness under the motor feet; you are just trying to get close so you can use the dial indicators. Get the rough alignment within 0.0625".



Acceptable Excellent



b. If the motor is higher, there is something wrong or it is a special case. This situation must be inspected. Do not shim the pump. The pump is connected to the piping and it will present difficulties with future work on the installation.



Fig. 3 Guideline for Alignment Tolerances



c. Make sure you have the proper shaft separation.



MECHANICAL ALIGNMENT PROCEDURE This procedure assumes the presenter knows how to align a pump and has a basic understanding of pump baseplates and piping installation. There are many alignment systems available. We will be using the plotting board with dial indicators developed by M.G. Murray. The plotting board is as accurate as any method available today and gives the best representation of the actual position of the machines that are being aligned. The actual procedure that will be discussed is the reverse dial indicator procedure because it is the most versatile and widely used alignment procedure used today.



3. Remove soft foot. C. Alignment. (Reverse Indicator Method) 1. Install reverse dial indicator tooling on shafts. 2. Measure and record the following dimensions on a worksheet, SA, Al, IO. These parameters are defined as follows: a. SA = Distance between the dial indicators which is located at the respective planes of correction. b. Al = Distance between the adjustable plane of correction and the inboard foot of the adjustable machine.



PREPARING FOR ALIGNMENT A. Baseplate Inspection 1. Inspect all mounting surfaces to make sure they are clean and free of any paint, rust, grime, burrs, etc.



c. IO = Distance between the inboard foot and outboard foot of the adjustable machine. 2. Correct for dial indicator sag.



a. Thoroughly clean mounting surfaces. Debar using a honing stone if necessary.



a. Remove dial indicator tooling from the unit.



b. At this point, it is assumed that the baseplate has been installed correctly and is level. B. Pump and Driver Inspection



b. Install reverse dial indicator tooling on a pipe or piece of round bar stock in the exact configuration that you removed it from the unit that is being aligned. The dial indicators must be set to the SA distance.



1. Inspect all mounting surfaces to make sure they are clean and free of any paint, rust, grime, burrs, etc.



c. Zero the dial indicator while they are in the vertical up position.



C. Shim InspectIan



d. Rotate the entire set-up 180° and record dial indicator readings. This is the sag, the correction will be made when you take the alignment readings.



1. Inspect all shims to make sure they are clean and free of any paint, rust, grime, burrs. etc. 2. Dimensionally inspect ALL shims to be used and record the reading on the individual shims. DO NOT ASSUME THAT THE SHIMS ARE TO THE EXACT DIMENSIONS THAT ARE RECORDED ON THEM. SETTING EQUIPMENT A. Pump 1. Set pump on pump mounting pads. Insert pump hold-down bolts but do not tighten. a. If there is existing piping, line up pump flanges with pipe flanges. DO NOT CONNECT THE PIPING AT THIS POINT.



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3. Reinstall the reverse dial indicator tooling back to the configuration it was in Step 1. a. The SA dimension must be held. 4. Establishing the datums. a. You must take readings from the same position relative to the fixed machine or the moveable machine. Choose the position that is the most comfortable. DO NOT CHANGE THE ORIENTATION ONCE YOU BEGIN TO TAKE READINGS. b. All dial indicator readings must be taken 90° apart from each other and at the same relative position each time. Either mark the couplings in 80° increments or use a two dimension bubble level with a magnetic pad. The level is the most accurate method.



TECH-I



c. The shafts must be rotated together and readings taken from the same exact locations every time; therefore, if the coupling spacer is removed, the stationary and adjustable machines coupling hubs must be marked in 90°. increments.



c. The left vertical axis represents the misalignment/shim correction scale. d. Locate S, A, IB, OB, 1. S is located where the vertical and horizontal axis of the overlay intersect. S represents the location of the stationary reference plane.



5. Take the initial set of readings. a. Zero the dial indicators at the 0° position.



2. A is marked on the horizontal axis and represents the location of the adjustable reference plane. In our example, it is marked at 7" on the C scale.



b. Rotate the shafts simultaneously taking readings every 90°, (0°, 90°, 180°, 270°). Record readings 6. Determine if the initial readings are good.



3. B is marked on the horizontal axis and represents the location of the inboard foot of the adjustable machine. In our example it is marked at 15" on the C scale.



a. Add top (T) and bottom (B) together for both planes and the two side readings (S) together for both planes.



4. OB is marked on the horizontal axis and represents the location of the outboard foot of the adjustable machine. In our example it is marked at 36" on the C scale.



b. Take the difference of the two readings. If the difference exceeds 0.002", there is something wrong with the readings. Inspect the set up and make any necessary adjustments. 7. Algebraically zero the side readings. Be consistent on which side you zero; it is usually easier to zero the 90° side.



5. Mark reference on the plotting board transparent vertical scale. 11. Plot shim change for vertical correction first.



8. Make dial indicator sag correction on worksheet.



a. Transform worksheet data to the plotting board.



a. Dial indicator sag only effects vertical readings. Since the dial indicator is going to read negative on the bottom, add the sag to the dial indicator reading on the bottom.



1. Set S at 0.009" low mark based on the E vertical scale 2. Set at 0.0035" high mark based on the E vertical scale b. Draw vertical lines from the lB and OB locations on the red line to the horizontal zero line on the plotting board.



9. Divide all corrected readings by two because they are TIR readings taken on the outside of a circle.



c. Count the vertical distances from the lB and OB marks to the horizontal zero line using the correct scale, in our case the E scale, these values are the shim changes at the inboard (lB) and outboard (OB) feet of the adjustable machine.



a. Remember, when the dial indicator reads positive, the probe is being pushed in. When it reads negative, the probe is extended. 10. Determine shim change. a. Lay out the machine dimensions on the plotting board transparency. 1. Once the scale is determined you must be consistent and use only that particular scale. b. Referring to our example, you must use the "C" scale on the bottom horizontal axis. The bottom horizontal axis represents the physical dimensions of the machine.



TECH-I



12. Make shim change. 13. Repeat Step 11 for horizontal correction. 14. Check alignment. a. The machines should be aligned at this point; if not, repeat Steps 11 and 12. 15. Inspect final alignment and record all results.



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Section TECH-J Miscellaneous Pump Information TECH-J-1 Safe Operation of Magnetic Drive Pumps Recommendations for Planning and Installation of Monitoring Systems for Magnetic Drive Pumps Monitoring Systems for Magnetic Drive Pumps In the case of sealless pumps (magnetic drive centrifugal pumps and canned motor pumps) in particular, unallowed operating conditions will quickly cause major damage, with substantial expense as consequence. The following operating conditions must be avoided under all circumstances: Dry-running of the bearings It must be ensured that the pump is always filled with liquid when in operation. Tests have demonstrated that plain bearings are irreparably damaged even when running dry for only a very short time. Protection methods: Filling level indicator or flow-meter Excessively small delivery flows or closed valves in delivery line



destruction of the plastic lining. Consequently, overheating will occur immediately if the pressure-line valve is completely closed. Protection methods: Motor load monitor, flow-meter, by-pass from pressure line (upstream the pressure valve). Excessively high delivery flows If the maximum delivery flow stated in the pump’s performance characteristic curve is substantially exceeded, adequate bearing lubrication is no longer assured, due to the lack of circulation of medium in the bearings. Also axial forces increase to such an extent that the bearings can be irreparably damaged. For this reason, our pumps should never be operated at greater delivery flows than those published in our performance characteristic curve. Protection methods: Motor Load Monitor, Flow-meter, Orifice in the Pressure Line



In this case, the liquid in the pump will gradually heat up. Depending on the specific medium, this may cause evaporation of the liquid between the bearings, and dry-running of these bearings, or thermal



The following contains a description and assessment of the PumpSmart® load monitoring systems. These systems are available as accessories for our pumps.



PS10/PS20 Pump Load Monitors The PS10 and PS20 Pump Load Monitors measure the motor input power in combination with a proprietary algorithm to accurately determine the pump’s load. During dry-run conditions, pump power is reduced and recognized by the PumpSmart® Pump Load Monitor. During run-out conditions, power increases, which is also a recognizable condition. Power increase is also experienced when internal wear results from upset conditions. Customers may configure the devices to automatically shut down the pump or warn the operator via integrated relay output(s). PS10 Pump Load Monitor The PS10 offers single underload or overload condition protection for pumps up to 40 HP (50 Amps MAX). Alarm setpoints can either be entered manually or automatically set using the Auto-Set functionality during normal operation. PS20 Pump Load Monitor The PS20 offers two underload and two overload condition protection functions (four total) as well as the ability to output pump load through an integrated 4-20 mA output. A six button keypad and LCD readout enables greater configuration and operation options. The PS20 can be applied on motors up to 999 F.L. Amps. Refer to the PumpSmart® Section for additional details.



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TECH-J



TECH-J-2 Dry Run Bearings One of the primary causes of damage to magnetic drive pumps is lack of lubrication, or dry run. The frictional heat produced in the bearings when there is no lubrication results in significant heat generation. In lined magnetic drive pumps this can result in damage to the lining. In both lined and metallic magnetic drive pumps, the bearings may also be damaged. There has been a lot of industry research to find methods to reduce the coefficient of friction. Some examples include silicon carbide bearings embedded with carbon particles and porous silicon carbide bearings. None of these results were so successful to allow safe operation under dry run conditions.



SAFEGLIDE Bearings



Bone dry operation is not the typical field conditions. Typically the pump will operate for a period of time before becoming starved. The test results below are from a Goulds Model 3298. Water was introduced to the pump and then drained before start-up.



Proven Performance ITT has been using SAFEGLIDE technology since 1990. An analysis of parts in service for over 40,000 hours in a service in which product crystallized out revealed that SAFEGLIDE was still intact despite bearing contamination with crystalline solids. Goulds has been using SAFEGLIDE bearings since 1997.



Minutes



SAFEGLIDE is a diamond-like carbon coating which significantly reduces the coefficient of friction enabling periods of safe operation under dry run conditions. The coating is only a few microns thick resulting in no impact to the internal clearances. SAFEGLIDE is up to 1.5X harder than silicon carbide ensuring its protection lasts throughout the life of the pump. SAFEGLIDE has universal resistance to chemicals making it an excellent bearing choice for magnetic drive pumps.



Fig. 1 below shows test results forom Goulds Model 3298. The pump was operated without liquid ever being introduced to pump internals. Pump operation was stopped when the pump internal temperature reached 300°F. SAFEGLIDE bearings showed no damage after 20 minutes of bone dry operation.



Silicon Carbide



Carbide



SAFEGLIDE



Temperature (F)



Fig. 1 Comparison of Bone Dry Protection



Time (minutes)



Fig. 2 Comparison of Temperature Rise



TECH-J



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TECH-J-3 Centrifugal Pump Operation without NPSH Problems Centrifugal Value with Centrifugal Pumps



NPSHA in m



General



NPSHavail.)



There are many detailed publications on the subject of the NPSH value. In practice, however, mistakes are made repeatedly, with pump damage or even complete system failure as a result.



1



in bar Gauge pressure in suction nozzle directly upstream the pump (in case of underpressure, this value is used with a negative “=” sign). in bar



amb



in bar abs Air pressure (normally 1.013 bar abs).



v



in bar abs Vapor pressure of the fluid at working temperature.







in kg/dm3 Density of the fluid at working temperature.



V1



in m/s Velocity of fluid conveyed in the suction nozzle.



(previously



This guideline is therefore intended to indicate where and how the system NPSH value can be rendered more favorable using various parameters, and the criteria which are important for pump selection. NPSH means “Net Positive Suction Head.” A system from which, for instance, cold water flows to a pump from a height of 1 m without a pressure drop has an NPSH value of aprox 11 m (not 1m).



(previously  ) B



(previously  ) D



NPSH = 11 m A = available Here, only one pump with an NPSHR value of 10.5 m or less can normally be used, in order that a safety margin of at least 0.5 m is available. NPSHR = 10.5 m R = required



(previously V ) S



NPSHA Value of the System Here, a customary formula which is fully adequate for practice is provided. The latest symbols in accordance with DIN 24 260 Part 1, September 1986 edition, are used here. NPSHA =



(previously  ) s



Net positive suction headavail.



This data is referred directly to the center point of the suction nozzle. For the sake of simplicity, gravitational acceleration has been assumed not at 9.81 m/s2 but instead at 10.0 m/s2.



10 (1 + amb - v) + v12 



10



Example 1.



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TECH-J



Suggestions for Remedies for NPSH Problems



NPSHA95



>95



Heat of combustion



ASTM D240



MJ/kg



5,0



~5,0



Dielectric constant (@ 103-106Hz)



ASTM D510



2,1



2,1



Dissipation factor (@ 106Hz)



ASTM D150



0,002



0,002



Arc resistance



ASTM D495 (stainless steel electrodes)



s



>300



>180



Resistivity



ASTM D257



ž.cm



>1018



>1018



Surface resistivity



ASTM D257



ž



>1016



>1017



Weathering resistance



“Weather-O-Meter” (20000 h)



No break



No break



Solvent resistance



ASTM D543



Excellent



Excellent



Chemical resistance



ASTM D543



Excellent



Excellent



TECH-J



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