Makalah Sistem Operasi Linux [PDF]

Citation preview

c



MAKALAH SISTEM OPERASI LINUX



DISUSUN OLEH : AAN CHRISTIAN (C1055201128)



p




    
 
  p






c 
c c







c  c  c   c c    c c  c  c c c  c 
c 
  cc  c    c  c  
c  c 
c  c ccc c
  c  
c  c   c c c c 
c    c c c c c! c   c "# c $c%&c cc 
  c c  c '(c  
c  c  c
c c    c )
c  c c  
c  c 
c  c  c  c #c c   c  
c c'c'(c "c  c c c c c c c c c 
   *+cc,'c-.**c   c



c c c c c c c c c



Ô 
ccc c



$  c/  cccc



c



, 0 c  cccc



c



1 1c cccc, 23 c **cc  
 c3 4cccc



*c



c 1 1c ccc  c -*c  &c3 4cccc



-c



--c  c3 4ccc



5c



6c c2cccc



7c



'6c ,' cccc



8c



&6c 
& (cccc



8c



6c cccc



8c



6c   cccc



+c



"6c % 3 4cccc



+c



-5c 3' c3 4cccc



+c



-9c :;c3 4cccc




 c




cccc *9c 1cc,  c2(cccc *+c -*.c$# c,cc)cccc *c   c ?c  c  
c  4c )
c



 c  4c  c ' c   c   c    c c #c  c



   c ''c  c  c c c 
c  4c 3 c  '
c



 c  
c c #c c  c c    c 3 4c c  c *==*c3 4c  
 c cc c3 c
c   c # #c 3 4c c &c  c  




 c  ' c  c '   c 3 4c #
c # c
 c '   c 3 4c c  '   c #
c 
 c '   c c 3 4c  c  c #
c 3 c  c 'cc 
c  c

c  c c 3 4c
c
cc
c ccc c >c c c  c  4c ) >c c c  c # #c 3 4c '
c c #c 
c  4c c  c c  4c  c 3'##c  c  ;c ?
"# c c 1 
c  c 
'c   c '   c 3 4c 3 4c 
c c #c  c c  c  c  c c c c  c
c  c3 4c




 c'(c &c /c / 
c '
&c 3& c A/36c 3 c  cc 
c 
c #
c #
c 0c #"(c 0# # c A006ccc '  c   c  
 c   c  ;cc  cc   c ' c # #c
 c c $'   c  c 
 c  c 
c c 
c 'c 3 4c  c c 00c  c #  c /c #  c /c 
c c   c  
c c #c c 
c  c & c  c  c  >c c
c' cc'#
c 




 c''c  cc c  c '  c  c 
c & #c  c ''c
c c )c c 
c



#  c c 
c2c'D cc c2c c3 4c'  cc c  c  c c c c '   c 2c 
c c #c # c  c 3 4c 
c '  c  c  c '  c c c  4cc c 
 c c #  c  c  c 
c 
c 
c   c 3 4c ,  c #
c?c/??c  c3 4c c c  c
 c  cc ' c 
c c 
c 3 4c  c ' c  c ' c /??c  c   c 3 4c ?c  c    c  c  c 
   c   c 
c



'  c



c



2c



!cc



3c c c c  cc
'c
cc#  c/c c3 4c c c c3 4c
cc >c  c c
  c'c   c   c   c '  c#"(c c'  c  c   c c 3 4c   c   c 
 "c c #c  c c
'c c  c'    c  cc#c #
cA
c% #(c =4@@-...@6c 3 4c  c  '  c  c  c &c 2
c  cc   



 c  c3 4c  '   c#
c'c 
## c # c $ c  c  c   c   c  
 c c #"c c 
## c c c' #  c   c &c  c" c   c  c 
 c  c  c c $ c  
c 3 4c  '   c   c c  c    c '  c 
 c  c c 'c &# #c ?c ?#
c     c &&c c 0c #"(c 0# # c /Ec # &c ?#
c  c '  c    c c
    c 2(
& c  c  c   c  c '  c 
 c 3 4c  c c    c  c 
 c  #cc  cc(#c#&#c 'c c#c#c"c  c
 c" c c
 cc &##"c )""&c cc )""&c 
 c c c c c ;c ?#
c   c 3 4c  c 
 c c 
'c  c c 3 4c   
c 'c



&
'c3 4c'c  c
c''c'cA c'c,#6c ,#c 
c ' 
c c  
c 3 4c 'c c c
 4c #c  
c ##
c '&c  c ##c
 c  c ' "c c   c  c' c#c c'  c 
c#c3 4c  c Fc 6c   c ,'c  c
 c#
c 
cc # c2c  c 'cc  c 
c c #



cc c ccccccccccc'6c Ô%c ,'c  c    c '
 c  c  
 c   c  #'



 c  c  c  c   c #c ,' c     c'c
c c 
c# c c ccccccccccc?6c &'c   c'c  c c cc c3 4c2cc #  c3 4c c'  c
& (c,c
c  cc 
& (c 
c '(c c  c A  
c
' c  c 
  6c 
c  cc c c    c  c c c  c c '
c  c c  c c     c   c   

c c #&c  c c #c  c c  

c #c   c c c c 




c c  c c   c     c '  c c  c c 
& (c 9.c c c     c  c
 c c




'&7c



'  c




'&-c



cc



'6c c ,'c  c c   
c  ccAc #cc##
6c   c   # "c c c   c 'c c  c 
 cc    c'c # c c &6c  &c   c ; c #c 2c  c #c   c  c $
c



#c c    c c cc c3 4c'c 
 c
'c&c  c  c c 6c -c ,#c  c & c  c 

cccc,)cA% #(6c!c   c  








c 'c 
 c c % #(c % 3 4c 'c     c   c c #c 
 c  c % #(c , c c '  c ##c




c  c 
c c  c  c   c &
c # c "c c%c) c#&c?c  c c (c  %cc c 
c
c  c   c c 3 4c 
c
## c  c 'c   c  c' c4c3##c  c
&c c
 c c  c  c (
c  c c
##c  c 
c   c 3 4c  c c ( c 3 c ' c c c 
 c ,c 'c  #c   c  c  c  c $  c  c
&c  c   c 
 c 
 c   c 'c
##c3 4c c



  c  c c
##c3 >c c   c4c4c
c
c



 c   c 3 c ( c c ( c c  ' c c 3 4c c 
  c 'c
##c A*==86c  c c  c 
c 
c &  c!c2c cBA6#;
cA6 A>6cc>GBc3  
cc
##cc3 4c c #c  c' c4c c 2 c  c
##c3 4c c4cc  
cc
cc c ) c
'cc  
c
c# c  c''c3 4c c  c 
c
##c  c   c  c $ c 3 c #;
c 
c  &c c  "#c  c   c    c 3 c c   c c 
( c #c 
cc:# c



c c1 c3c c )c  * cc &c  c c ''c  c  c ;c 3 >c  c  c #
c 
  c c'c' cc ,  c
cc ƒc   FcA*.*c#""&
*..c#;c-.=*c6ccc ƒc FcA= c+5:


c+-c8-cD##6cc ƒc $ #4ccAc5+c58c6ccc ƒc 0#cccA0?c52'c0?c- c0?c*#(6cccc ƒc ,' FccAc5.c9.cc5c ƒc ?
c) 3 4c ƒc c3 4c ƒc ?#
c3 >c ƒc c ƒc : c3 4c



ƒc



1
& c?c cc0
c



c +c % c  cc c 
c  c '  c 3 4c c c #c




c 
c c 3 4c  c
'c c  c c '  c c '  c '
c  c c ' c "c c # 
c c # c c c 
c
 c  c
'c c 
 c '  c c c   c #&c &#c #&c &#c 3 4c c 'c c # c  c c # c c 
'c
  c 
c  ' 



c $'' c  c 
c   



 c c ; #c   c c 'c ;c   c ;&c  c  c c    c
 c #&c &#c  c
cc     c# c,&
#c  cA, 6c , cc c 
c    c     c 'c c # c   c 
c c 
c c c #c  c c  c ' 
c #
c $ c 3 4c c c &c ''c c   c ''c ; #c 
c 'c c  c 'c  c c  c 'c ;c  c 3 4c  c c  c
    c 3 4c
  c   c
  c  c  
c  c   c c  c
  c c c   c c c ,c % cc
$ c  c c-c 3 4c  c '  c  c c #c ) >c  c '  c 



 c '  c " c  c  >c  >c #'
c   c3 4cc
;
c c&

c c'c' c'c#c  c 
c  c >cc3 4cc #
c c 




 ccc
 c   c ' c  c  
c &c c c    c 3 4c ' 
 c
'c&c'  c >c
 cc(c  cc, c
c  >c 
 c 
 c c  c '"c "c ,)c 
 c



 c  c3 4c c"
cc  c'"c cc,)c



 c c  




 c c ##c 4cFc c c  c c c  c c 
c  c (
c c ''c # c  c c  c c  c 3 4@ >c '  c ''c#c
c c 
c c c;&c(c




c



c cc c  c"
c  c c
c cc  c $ c #c  




 c #c 'c 




 c c  c



c 
c  c  c 
c  




 c   c    c 'c #c 3 4@ >c    c ;c   c 'c #" c #c #c  c "
c 3 4@ >c    c  c "
c  c '"c  c 3 4@ >c 
c 
c c c #c  c  c c 
c 
c c#c  cc
   c
  c
  c c
c



 c ccc#cc
   c'  c   cc c  c' c c 
 c
  c3 4@ >c cc    c 
cc c #c  c c c ' c c    c #
c
'c c cc  c c c
cc1  c  c3 4c c   c   c
&# #
c ccc' cc c #c
  c  cc 

c   c  c   



 c
'c cc c  c



c cc c -c  c (c  ;
 c   c% #(c  c cc  c c c



á
c



""'c cc 3 4c 
c  #c c 
c c #c  c  >
 c c  c :c 
c 9c 991,c ,
c  >c



>c 2>c  c #
c



c (
c 3 4c  '   c #
c 3 c #;
c c  c *==*c 'cc#c  c 1c&#'
c# 
c&#c  c'c




cc c    cc &c#c?c c$ 
c #c  c c #c $ c 'c #c   c c c #c #c 'c  c c   c  c c  
c  c #c  
c ,
c $ 
c #c 
c 'c c 
   c 'c #c
'c '  c '
  c c c c #c  c ' c c $ 
c #c  c  c
   c  
c 1
c   c 
c  c  c  
c  c '
  c cc#c c #c
c c  c  c 
 c( cc  c'c c c  c   c 'c  
   c  c 



# c  #c 
  c c 
 c  c c  
c $ 
c '" c 'c#&c c#
c#@  
c'c'(c#c  c '  c
   c  
c     c #  c # c " c  c'c c &

cc  c &

c    c c  c   " c Lc #c  c    c   c ?c   c '
ccc#c c$ 
c#c



c ,c c#ccc  >c   c#c  c'c



 
cc  c   cFc ƒc



1 
 cc$ 
c#cc c
c  
c



ƒc



 c '  c   c c  c  c '  c  
c ;&c



ƒc



,'c  c cc ccc c cc#( cc c /'cc'(c c  



 c' c c cc#c



 c $ 
c #c #c *c c c #c  
  c  c &

c  c #c '
c c $ 
c #c  c  c &

c 
  c #c *c



 c 
   c   c c c #c  c  c c  c  c  c &
c  ;c c 
c $ 
c #c #&c (&c  c  c #c -c 
c    c c c #c  c 'c ;&c (c 
   c  c c ' c #c -c '
c c$ 
c #c  c
  c c  c'   c c c c c c /'c  c



c$ 
c cc#c



c



$ 
c 3 4c  c  c    c  c &

c  c  
c c  ;c

c''c&cFc ƒc



'c#c 




 c c&

c



ƒc



?c  c c   c#c 
  c 
c4&# c



 c # c c #
cc  c ;
c



ƒc




c;&c 
  c c 
c c?c  c



ƒc



'  c  c   c c  # c Lc ' c c  
 c #c @)c c  c  
c   c #
c #c  
c  c'c c 
c$ c
c;&c ' 
 c



# c  c?c c cc c



ƒc



'c  
c c   c $ c  
c c ' 
 c c $ 
c



ƒc



#c  c #c  c '   c 'c ' c c  
c (
 cc'  c




c
c#c c



c   !c cc c



  !c 0
c &# c   



 c c   c c   c #c c 'c #c   c  c c "
c
 c A)c &# 6c c '
 c     c c c "
c 'c  c 
c c #c A c &# 6c $##   ##  c c &# c
cMcNcMcMcNcNc  c
'c 
c c  cc'  c &# #c  c  c&# c ƒc )c&# c $c  c    c c&c  c
cc&c "
cc

c
 4c c



c&# c



ƒc



c c c "
c   c c    c 'c  c c c #c  c  c c 




 c c  c



c 
 c Ac Oc 6c 
c "
c c 

c  >c  c '" c   c '  c ccc#cc#c#c  c
 c c



uc



$c2% $c!



 3c 

c 
c 'c #c  c '&c  c  c c



 '#c$ c c 



 ccc  '#c c

c  c  "  c c  c c 



 c 'c &# #c '
c c







 c
cc

c c
c c  c#c  ccc   c c

c  c 




 c#c'c



c Ôc



’ *# c $c ! c

c  c   cc 4c c
 4c'  c& c c 
c c c  c   c 

c  c '  c  c 
c'c' cFc ƒc 1# c

cA6c ƒc ?c

cA&6c ƒc $# c

cA 6c ƒc 1# c  c

cA'6c  c 
 c '  c c    c 
c 'c  c 'c  c   c  '  c c c  c c  #c 'c
 4c c c    c'c'c"
c

 c c



(c  $* $c  c  cc  c  cc
c
 4c
c'c' cFc ƒc ?c  c &c  c  
 c c c c "
c c  c #c A#6c c ƒc ?
c  c &
c  c c   c &
c c ,)c  c   c '  c ƒc ?c c   c &# c c ,)c  c &c  c '" c   #c "
c c ƒc ?c  c&c "   cc"
c  c'cc'  c c ƒc 0 c ,c  c c c  c '(c  c  c '" c   c &c"
c c&#c c ƒc /c



 c c' c  c & ccc
c"
c   c c   c
'c  "



 c ( c ' c c '&c cc c ƒc 3 c $  c  c  c 
c   c 'c




c c c "
@&#c c"
@&#c
 c c ƒc 3#&c  c  c    c   c  c  c
 c 'c "
c c &#c 0  c  c
'c c   c " c ' c
#&c    c'c'cA' c
 cc @;@
'@
#&'c 6c  c c c c     c  c 'c c ƒc 3c  c  c c c c c ,)c  c '" c   c  
 cccc&# c'c''c"
 c c



ƒc  c  c c ;
 c  ccA c&# 6cc,)c  c ' c  c'c'c&# c c ƒc ;c  c  c c   c  c #;c c ,)c  c ' c   c   c"
ccc&# c c&# c




cc c c    c 'c   c c "
c A @ c c,)6c c ƒc c cc  c c 
c  c   c  c"
c   c &# c c   cc c ƒc 
cc  c  c '
(  c   c  c &c 
c  "   c 'c c c "
c  c ' c  c ' c 
c c
c&c"
c
 c*.c'c ccc"
c c ƒc # c c ;&c 
c
 4c c c  cc 
'c
c # cc   c ƒc c



 c  c    c   c 
c c #c  c  




 c c
c c'c ##c# c c ƒc $

c  c 

c A  6c c  c 
c '" c   c    c  
c c c #c  c 'c    c  c



cc



#c  c c    c c 
   c c 
 c  c    c  c  c#c  c c' 
 c c ƒc



c(c c
c  cc c
c
c"
"
c  c cc c    c   c  '  c c c c  c $ c
c'  c   c(#cc  c'c 'c   c  c (c    c 
c    c   c ccc c



c



   cc 
c (ccc   c ,   cc
c
## c c  c3 4c c" "ccc #c    c c ''c  c 
 c c '#c c   c



c #c c  c  c c '  c # "c c   c  c 'c  c  &
c c    c   c   c  c   "c c  c
c'
 c  c' cc   c c     c 3 4c   c 
 c 'c &c  
 c %%%c  #
c c A(#c #& 6c c  #
c " c  c 'c  c "##"c 
c  c ''c '  c ('c  #
c c c  c 
 c  c '  c    c c % #(cc& #c  c c    



c   c ''ccc  'c c #c  c #&c &#c c #c 'c 
c c $c c   c '  c   
c  c #c c   c 3 4c c 
c  c

c  c c 
## c  c3 4cc



Ô 
c
c c ((( 

 4'
(&#c (((( #c (((
 #&#c