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Modul Praktikum Analisis Farmasi
Penyusun Apt., Muhammad Hilmi Afthoni. M. Farm Apt., Chresiani Destianita Yoedistira. M. Farm.,
Program Studi Farmasi Fakultas sains dan teknologi 2020
apt. Martanty Aditya, M.Farm-Klin
Apt. Muhammad Hilmi Afthoni., M.Farm
Tata Tertib Mata Kuliah Analisis Farmasi Prodi Farmasi Universitas Ma Chung
Tempat dan Waktu Praktikum 1. Praktikum Botani Farmasi dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kimia-Farmasi Universitas Ma Chung 2. Waktu praktikum dilaksanakan sesuai dengan jadwal praktikum yang telah ditentukan. 3. Praktikan harus berada di ruangan praktikum selambat-lambatnya 5 menit sebelum praktikum dimulai. 4. Praktikan yang datang terlambat lebih dari 15 menit dari waktu yang telah ditentukan bersedia menerima sangsi yang telah disepakati bersama pada saat pengantar praktikum. 5. Sebelum melakukan percobaan akan dilakukan pre test terlebih dahulu untuk mengukur kesiapan praktikan.
Alat-alat dan senyawa 1. Sebelum dan sesudah praktikum, semua praktikan harus mengecek dan mengembalikan alat-alat inventaris yang digunakan. 2. Alat-alat yang hilang, pecah atau cacat harus diganti dengan alat-alat yang sama atau diganti dengan uang yang besarnya ditentukan oleh laboratorium.
Perlengkapan Praktikum 1. Semua praktikan diwajibakan memakai jas laboratorium untuk melindungi keselamatan diri sendiri. 2. Tidak diperkenankan membuang sampah atau bahan pada bak pencuci, buanglah sampah tersebut pada tempat yang telah disediakan. 3. Jika ada bahan yang tumpah, segera dibersihkan dengan air. Jika terjadi kecelakaan segera melaporkan kepada asisten yang bertugas. 4. Ruangan laboratorium dalam keadaan bersih setelah selesai digunakan dan menjadi tanggung jawab praktikan yang menggunakan sebelumnya. 5. Selama praktikum, semua praktikan tidak diperbolehkan makan atau minum dalam ruangan laboratorium dan tidak diperkenankan menggunakan sandal.
6. Berbicara seperlunya selama praktikum dan tidak diperkenankan mengganggu ketenangan pekerjaan orang lain. 7. Semua bahan atau alat yang berhubungan dengan darah atau jarum merupakan sampah infeksius dan perlu mendapat penanganan khusus oleh petugas laboratorium. Sampah infeksius tidak dapat dibuang pada tempah sampah umum yang tersedia di laboratorium.
Jurnal, Laporan dan Penilaian Praktikum 1. Jurnal dibuat pada buku tulis biasa bersampul plastik 2. Jurnal diisi dengan format: judul percobaan, Tujuan, Prinsip, Prosedur yang dibuat dalam bentuk diagram alir serta hasil pengamatan. 3. Laporan dibuat dalam bentuk makalah. 4. Laporan dibuat sesuai dengan format yang telah ditentukan yaitu memuat: a. Tujuan Percobaan b. Teori c. Hasil Pengamatan d. Kesimpulan e. Daftar Pustaka 5. Laporan lengkap harus diserahkan kepada asisten yang bertugas paling lambat satu minggu setelah percobaan dilakukan, dan harus meminta paraf dari asisten yang menerima laporan tersebut. Jika dalam dua minggu belum memberikan laporan percobaan, maka praktikan yang bersangkutan tidak diperkenankan mengikuti praktikum selanjutnya sampai laporan diserahkan. 6. Penilaian praktikum ditentukan oleh hasil-hasil berikut: a. Laporan praktikum 25% b. Keaktifan saat diskusi 25% c. Ujian Akhir Semester 50% 7. Praktikan yang mendapat nilai D diperkenankan untuk mengikuti ujian lagi bersama kelompok baru, tanpa harus mengikuti kembali praktikum.
Lain-lain 1. Praktikan wajib mengikuti semua kegiatan praktikum.
2. Praktikan yang tidak masuk karena sakit atau ada musibah/halangan harus memberi surat keterangan dari orang tua/wali atau surat keterangan dokter. 3. Modul yang belum dikerjakan, diselesaikan pada waktu yang ditentukan atau mengikuti kelompok lain dengan persetujuan koordinator laboratorium. 4. Setiap praktikum yang telah 2x berturut-turut tidak masuk praktikum, kegiatannya dihentikan dan harus mengulang lagi bersama-sama kelompok baru. 5. Hal-hal lain yang belum diatur dalam tata tertib ini akan ditentukan kemudian. PERINGATAN KESELAMATAN DI LABORATORIUM 1. Senyawa kimia bersifat toksik sampai dengan memengaruhi keselamatan bila lalai dalam bekerja. Ikuti petunjuk berikut untuk menjaga keselamatan : a. Perlakukan semua zat sebagai racun. Jika tanpa sengaja tertelan senyawa kima lainnya harus segera dimuntahkan. b. Apabila mengalami kecelakaan segera laporkan kepada pengawas praktikum c. Semua sampah yang berhubungan dengan darah atau jarum suntik termasuk sampah infeksius, apabila tertusuk jarum segera laporkan kepada pengawas praktikum.
Modul 1 Penetapan kadar parasetamol dengan spektrofotometer 1. Tujuan praktikum mahasiswa terampil menyusun protokol analsis 2. Mahasiswa memahami konsep A 11 dari suatu senyawa 3. Mahasiswa terampil melakukan penetapan kadar parasetamol secara spektrofotometer UV VIS
Prinsip dasar Parasetamol atau asetaminofen adalah obat analgesik andantipiretik yang populer dan digunakan dalam sebagian besar resep obat analgesik untuk meredakan sakit kepala, sakit ringan,demam dan flu. Parasetamol memiliki rumus struktur seperti berikut
Gambar 1 struktur kimia Parasetamol
Parasetamol merupakan kristal berwarna putih, tidak berbau dan rasanyapahit. Jarak lebur antara 169-171 ºC. Pada suhu ruang parasetamol memiliki berat jenis 1,293 gr/ml, kelarutannya 14,5 mg/ml dalam air suling. Parasetamoladalah asam lemah, larutanjenuhnya dalam air mempunyai pH5,3-6,5 padasuhu ruang (Boyke,1997).Dalam larutan, parasetamol sedikit sensitif terhadap cahaya dan dapat terdegradasi melalui mekanisme disosiasi ikatan N-C. Parasetamol dalam bentukyang kering dan murni sangat stabil pada temperatur sekurang-kurangnya 45ºC.Jika dibiarkan pada kondisi lembab maka parasetamol akan terhidrolisis menjadi p-aminofenol .
Alat dan Bahan Alat Mikropipet Labu ukur disesuaikan dengan perhitungan preparasi Timbangan analitik Spektrofotometer Uv Vis Vial Bahan
Parasetamol p.a Air etanol
Metodologi A 11 dari parasetamol adalah……. Rentang linieritas untuk parasetamol adalah………..-…………… Perhitungan A 11 _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________
Pembuatan pelarut Buat konsentrasi pelarut tersebut sesuai dengan instruksi sebesar 0,1M Dipipet…………ml ………pekat Dilarutkan dengan aquades sampai……………. ml Pembuatan Baku Induk Ditimbang ………………mg parasetamol Dilarutkan dalam ……… ml pelarut
Pembuatan Baku kerja No
Kadar (ppm)
Dipipet ml
Volume akhir (ml)
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Perhitungan Baku Kerja _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________
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Penentuan panjang gelombang maksimal dari parasetamol Lakukan scanning panjang gelombang pada konsentrasi parasetamol sebesar………..ppm pada panjang gelombang 200 – 800 nm
Gambar spektrogram pada panjang gelombang
Dari gambar tersebut diperoleh panjang gelombang pengukuran…………………nm dengan pelarut…………………….
Pembuatan Kurva kalibrasi No
Absorbansi 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Nilai
a b r
Persamaan Y=…………………………………….. Gambar Kurva rentang linieritas
Kadar (ppm)
Penetapan kadar secara triplo Sampel 1 = ……………….. Sampel 2 = ………………... Sampel 3 =………………… RSD
Perhitungan kadar sampel _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________
Perhitungan RSD _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________
Kesimpulan analisis Pada tablet parasetamol merek……………dari perusahaan………………. No batch……… Diperoleh kadar…………Hal tersebut memenuhi/tidak memenuhi Farmakope Indonesia Edisi 5 dengan kadar mengandung antara ………………… dan ……………………. Parasetamol . Hal ini sesuai / tidak sesuai dengan bagian QC dari perusahaan……………………………………… Karena…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………….
Malang,……………………………
(____________________________) NIM Nilai:
Mengulang Praktikum/tidak mengulang praktikum * coret yang tidak perlu
Modul 2 Penetapan kadar antalgin dengan spektrofotometer 4. Tujuan praktikum mahasiswa terampil menyusun protokol analsis 5. Mahasiswa memahami konsep A 11 dari suatu senyawa 6. Mahasiswa terampil melakukan penetapan kadar antalgin secara spektrofotometer UV VIS Prinsip dasar Antalgin adalah salah satu obat pengurang rasa sakit Antalgin juga dikenal sebagai metampiron atau dipiron. Antalgin berupa sebuk hablur berwarna putih atau putih kekuningan. Antalgin termasuk pada derivat metasulfonat dari amidopirin yang mudah larut dalam air dan cepat diserap kedalam tubuh struktur antalgin dapat dilihat pada gambar 1. Obat ini bekerja secara sentral pada otak untuk menghlangkan nyeri, menurunkan demam, dan menyembuhkan rheumatik. Antalgin memengaruhi hipotalamus dalam menurunkan sensitifitas reseptor rasa sakit dan termostat yang mengatur suhu tubuh. Obat ini hanya efektif terhadap nyeri dengan intensitas rendah sampai sedang, misalnya sakit kepala. Obat ini juga efektif terhadap nyeri yang berkaitan dengan inflamasi. Setiap senyawa memiliki A 11, A 11 adalah serapan suatu senyawa pada kadar 1% dengan tebal kuvet 1 cm, A11 dari senyawa dapat digunakan untuk dasar penentuan protokol suatu metode analisis.
Gambar 1 struktur Antalgin Alat dan Bahan Alat Mikropipet Labu ukur disesuaikan dengan perhitungan preparasi Timbangan analitik Spektrofotometer Uv Vis Vial
Bahan
Methampiron p.a Air Asam nitrat, asam sulfat, asam klorida
Metodologi A 11 dari antalgin adalah……. Rentang linieritas untuk antalgin adalah………..-…………… Perhitungan A 11 _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________
Pembuatan pelarut Buat konsentrasi pelarut tersebut sesuai dengan instruksi sebesar 0,1M Dipipet…………ml ………pekat Dilarutkan dengan aquades sampai……………. ml Pembuatan Baku Induk Ditimbang ………………mg antalgin Dilarutkan dalam ……… ml pelarut
Pembuatan Baku kerja No
Kadar (ppm)
Dipipet ml
Volume akhir (ml)
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
Perhitungan Baku Kerja _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________
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Penentuan panjang gelombang maksimal dari antalgin Lakukan scanning panjang gelombang pada konsentrasi antalgin sebesar………..ppm pada panjang gelombang 200 – 800 nm
Gambar spektrogram pada panjang gelombang
Dari gambar tersebut diperoleh panjang gelombang pengukuran…………………nm dengan pelarut…………………….
Pembuatan Kurva kalibrasi No
Absorbansi 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
Nilai
a b r
Persamaan Y=…………………………………….. Gambar Kurva rentang linieritas
Kadar (ppm)
Penetapan kadar secara triplo Sampel 1 = ……………….. Sampel 2 = ………………... Sampel 3 =………………… RSD
Perhitungan kadar sampel _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________
Perhitungan RSD _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________
Kesimpulan analisis Pada tablet antalgin merek……………dari perusahaan………………. No batch……… Diperoleh kadar…………Hal tersebut memenuhi/tidak memenuhi Farmakope Indonesia Edisi 5 dengan kadar mengandung antara ………………… dan ……………………. Antalgin. Hal ini sesuai / tidak sesuai dengan bagian QC dari perusahaan……………………………………… Karena…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………….
Malang,……………………………
(____________________________) NIM Nilai:
Mengulang Praktikum/tidak mengulang praktikum * coret yang tidak perlu
Modul 3 Penetapan kadar campuran paracetamol dan cafein dengan spektrofotometer 1. Tujuan praktikum mahasiswa terampil menyusun protokol analsis 2. Mahasiswa memahami konsep A 11 dari suatu senyawa 3. Mahasiswa terampil menerapkan pembacaan spektra dalam suatu campuran 4. Mahasiswa terampil melakukan penetapan kadar paracetamol dan cafein secara spektrofotometer UV VIS Prinsip dasar Parasetamol (4-Acetamidophenol) memiliki struktur kimia seperti pada Gambar 1 dengan berat molekul 151, 16 g/mol .Parasetamol merupakansalah satu obat yang paling umum digunakan diberbagai belahan dunia karena khasiatnya yang membantu mencegah nyeri sendi, sakit gigi, sakit kepala seperti migrain, nyeri otot, dan juga digunakan untuk menurunkan demam yang berasal dari virus dan bakteri .
Gambar 1 struktur kimia Parasetamol
Kafein (1, 3, 7, trimethylxanthine) merupakan sejenis alkaloid heterosiklik yang termasuk dalam golongan methylxanthine. Menurut definisi artinya senyawa organik yang mengandung nitrogen degan struktur dua cincin atau dua siklik seperti pada Gambar 2.Kafein memiliki berat molekul 194,19 g/mol dan fungsinya untukmenstimulasi susunan saraf pusat serta dapat memperkuat efek analgetik parasetamol .
Gambar 2.Struktur kimia kafein ..
Alat dan Bahan Alat Mikropipet Labu ukur disesuaikan dengan perhitungan preparasi Timbangan analitik Spektrofotometer Uv Vis Vial
Bahan Parasetamol p.a Cafein Air Etanol/Metanol
Metodologi A 11 dari Parasetamol adalah……. Rentang linieritas untuk Parasetamol adalah………..-…………… Perhitungan A 11 _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________
Pembuatan pelarut Larutkan Parasetamol dengan menambahkan 10% dari total pelarut yang digunakan, selanjutnya gunakan air untuk pengenceran Dipipet…………ml etanol, ditambahkan dengan air sampai…….ml
Pembuatan Baku Induk Ditimbang ………………mg Parasetamol Dilarutkan dalam ……… ml pelarut Campurkan baku kerja antara parasetamol dan kafein
Pembuatan Baku kerja No
Kadar (ppm)
Dipipet (ml)
Volume akhir (ml)
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Perhitungan Baku Kerja _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________
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Penentuan panjang gelombang maksimal dari Parasetamol dan kafein Lakukan scanning panjang gelombang pada konsentrasi :Parasetamol sebesar 10 ppm dan kafein sebesar 10 ppm pada panjang gelombang 200 – 800 nm
Gambar spektrogram pada panjang gelombang
Dari gambar tersebut diperoleh panjang gelombang pengukuran…………………nm dengan pelarut…………………….
Pembuatan Kurva kalibrasi Parasetamol No
Absorbansi 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Nilai
a b r
Persamaan Y=…………………………………….. Kurva rentang linieritas Parasetamol
Kadar (ppm)
Penetapan kadar secara triplo Sampel 1 = ……………….. Sampel 2 = ………………... Sampel 3 =………………… RSD
Perhitungan kadar sampel _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________
Perhitungan RSD _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________
A 11 dari Kafein adalah……. Rentang linieritas untuk Kafein adalah………..-…………… Perhitungan A 11 _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________
Pembuatan pelarut Larutkan Parasetamol dengan menambahkan 10% dari total pelarut yang digunakan, selanjutnya gunakan air untuk pengenceran Dipipet…………ml etanol, ditambahkan dengan air sampai…….ml Dilarutkan dengan aquades sampai……………. ml Pembuatan Baku Induk Ditimbang ………………mg kafein Dilarutkan dalam ……… ml pelarut
Pembuatan Baku kerja No
Kadar (ppm)
Dipipet ml
Volume akhir (ml)
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
Perhitungan Baku Kerja _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________
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Pembuatan Kurva kalibrasi No
Absorbansi 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
Nilai
a b r
Persamaan Y=…………………………………….. Kurva rentang linieritas kafein
Kadar (ppm)
Penetapan kadar secara triplo Sampel 1 = ……………….. Sampel 2 = ………………... Sampel 3 =………………… RSD
Perhitungan kadar sampel _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________
Perhitungan RSD _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________
Kesimpulan analisis Pada tablet parasetamol dan antalgin dengan merek……………dari perusahaan………………. No batch……… Diperoleh kadar parasetamol………… dan kafein…………..Hal tersebut memenuhi/tidak memenuhi Farmakope Indonesia Edisi 5 dengan kadar mengandung antara parasetamol ………………… sampai…………………….. dan mengandung antara kafein ………………… sampai…………………….. Hal ini sesuai / tidak sesuai dengan bagian QC dari perusahaan……………………………………… Karena…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………. Malang,……………………………
(____________________________) NIM Nilai:
Mengulang Praktikum/tidak mengulang praktikum * coret yang tidak perlu
MODUL 4 PENETAPAN KADAR LEMAK TOTAL PADA MAKANAN
1. Tujuan Mahasiswa dapat menentukan kadar lemak dalam sampel dengan metoda gravimetri
2. Dasar Teori Analisis gravimetri pada dasarnya merupakan proses pemisahan dan penimbangan (berat) suatu senyawa. Pemisahan ion dalam suatu senyawa yang akan ditentukan dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan pereaksi organik dan biasanya di lakukan dengan cara pengendapan pada pH tertentu, larutan encer dan dalam keaadaan panas. Pada dasarnya, pengerjaan dalam analisis gravimetri dapat dibagi menjadi 6 tahap, yaitu: 1. Penimbangan sampel (cuplikan) 2. Pelarutan sampel 3. Pengendapan 4. Penyaringan dan pencucian 5. Pemanasan/pemijaran hasil endapan 6. Penimbangan endapan murni Prinsip dari metode ini adalah Berdasarkan pada daya larut lemak dalam suatu pelarut organik lemak diekstraksi dengan pelarut petroleum eter dalam soxhlet, setelah pelarutnya diuapkan,lemaknya dapat ditimbang dan dihitung kadarnya.
3. Alat dan Bahan 3.1 Alat - Seperangkat alat soxlet - beker glass - neraca analitik
3.2 Bahan - Gorengan - Petroleum eter
4. Prosedur Keja Timbang beker glass (W0) dan sampel sebanyak 5 gram kedalam kantung sampel (Ws). Masukan sampel tersebut kedalam soxhlet. Isi penuh soxhlet dengan petroleum eter, dan biarkan mengalir masuk kedalam labu bundar yang telah berisi batu didih. Tambahkan lagi petroleum eter sampai setengah volume soxhlet. Lakukan hingga 8 kali sirkulasi. Setelah 8 kali sirkulasi keluarkan petroleum eter, panaskan lagi hingga petroleum eter habis tidak menetes. Keluarkan petroleum eter dan keringkan kurang lebih 3 hari dalam lemari asam, timbang setiap hari didapatkan massa yang konstan.
Keterangan W0 = beker glass kosong W1= beker glass + analit Ws = berat sampel
