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PETREL COURSE BASIC SEISMIC INTERPRETATION INTRODUCTION Rahmadi Hidayat, M.Eng



MER PROJECT • Each of you will be given MER Project during this course as your tutorial project • This course will also use MER project as reference so that you can learn the tutorial better • Every steps of the course will be explained then you can try in your own project • MER Project consists of : – 3 well data – 1 Seismic 3D



PETREL’S MAIN DISPLAY



Petrel Toolbar



WINDOWS  showing “display” of data or result, various windows to see many kind of data and model INPUT, consist of : • Input  group of raw data and interpretation • Model  group of gridding and modelling data • Result  for petroleum engineer analysis • Templates  color template PROCESSES, consist of : • Processes  workflow • Case  for multiple scenarios in volumetrics, etc. • Windows  displaying the windows



PETREL’S WINDOWS



SIM



MODELING



INTERPRETATION



“THE GEOMODELING WORKFLOW”



PETREL COURSE BASIC SEISMIC INTERPRETATION SESSION 1 – DATA INPUT Rahmadi Hidayat, M.Eng



SESSION 1 - DATA INPUT 1. 2. 3. 4.



DEFINE PROJECT SETTING INPUT SEISMIC DATA INPUT WELL DATA CREATE AREA OF INTEREST



SET PROJECT SETTING 1. Go to project



2. Settings  Set the X, Y, Z and velocity units



3. Put coordinate reference of MER is in Zone 54S of UTM AGD84



VARIOUS INPUT DATA IN PETREL



Various data can be imported to Petrel including Seismic and Well data



SEISMIC AND WELL INPUT DATA



SEISMIC DATA Mostly in .sgy or segy WELL LOG DATA Mostly in .las or .ascii



INPUT SEISMIC DATA 1. Set Seismic Vintage



2. Put position of X and Y coordinates in byte



SEISMIC HEADER



Make sure that the X, Y and number of byte are in exact positions based on Seismic Header



DISPLAYING SEISMIC DATA 1. Go to Windows  Interpretation



2. Set to TWT  data is in time unit



3. Check the data  it will show in windows



3D WINDOW



INTERPRETATION



WELL HEADER



Start and Stop of Recording



Coordinates Elevation of Kelly Bushing (EKB)



LAS can be opened using Notepad to see well header and what kind of data we have



LOG DATA 1 2 3



LAS data shows what kind of WELL LOG do we have and the units as well 1



2



3



WELL INPUT



1



3



2



1. Open it from IMPORT DATA, using Las. 2. Match filename and well 3. Match for Log column with log templates, units and description in notepad



WELL COORDINATES AND EKB



4. Change Well head X, Y and EKB using Well Setting to coordinates in well header



RESULTS 1. Set SSTVD, MD or TVD 2. Set “Log Templates”  mostly triple combo or resistivity sonic



WELL SECTION WINDOW



AREA OF INTEREST 1



3



2



1. Open it from IMPORT DATA, using Zmap lines. 2. Match X and Y coord. And set time or depth unit 3. Display of seismic data and MER boundary in 3D



PETREL COURSE BASIC SEISMIC INTERPRETATION SESSION 2 – WELL TOPS



SESSION 2 - WELL TOPS • • • •



STRATIGRAPHY TOOLS CURVE FILLING WELL TOPS DISCRETE LOG / ZONES



WELL SECTION DISPLAY Well templates and units



Stratigraphy process Tools for Stratigraphy



MAIN STRATIGRAPHY TOOLS



Curve fill Create well tops Paint discrete



Synchronized well scale



Flood fill discrete Pick up value Edit well log Create discrete log



Synchronized well scrolling



Make “ghost log”



CREATE CURVE FILL 3. Open settings for GR in “global well logs”



1. Click on “curve fill”



2. Click on log curve



4. Set min and max value (GR commonly 0 -150)



CREATE WELL TOPS 2. Click on log curve



4. Make sure you pick right marker, bold means active marker 5. Change the name in setting



1. Click on “create well top” 3. You can put number on well tops (right click) or drag the well top for adjusment



MAKE ZONES 1. Click on “discrete log”



3. Discrete log will appear in well logsglobal well logs



2. Choose what discrete log do you want



MAKE ZONES (2) 4. Apply to log curve using flood fills or paint



PETREL COURSE BASIC SEISMIC INTERPRETATION SESSION 3 – SEISMIC INTERPRETATION



SESSION 3 - SEISMIC INTERPRETATION • • • • • •



INTERPRETATION TOOLS TIME-DEPTH CHART HORIZON PICKING FAULT PICKING VELOCITY MODEL PRELIMINARY MAP (UNSTRUCTURED) – TIME MAP – DEPTH MAP – DEPTH THICKNESS MAP



2D AND INTERPRETATION DISPLAY



Geophysic process



Tools for Seismic Interpretation



INTERPRETATION MAIN TOOLS Set active horizon/fault Delete interpretation (X) Ghost seismic Interpret fault (F) Interpret horizon (H) Seeded 3D autotracking Seeded 2D autotracking (A) Guided autotracking (G) Manual (U)



INSERT TD CHART 1. Go to Insert  New Checkshot



3. Click Well Filter  Insert Well



2. New Checkshot will appear in Global Well Log 4. Click on Well Setting  Link to well trace of your well (Cooba-1)



INSERT TD CHART (2) 5. Go to Checkshot  Spreadsheet



6. Make sure well target is right, time and depth unit as well



7. Copy and Paste of TD chart excel to spreadsheet



INSERT TD CHART (3) 8. Go to Cooba-1 setting



11. Now the well can be opened in time domain in nearest seismic line



9. Check the override global settings, 10. Promote the checkshot 1 and check it and run



HORIZON PICKING 3. Go to Interpr folder  choose insert seismic horizon  Change the name Bold means active Un-bold to deactivate 5. Start Picking



1. Go to Seismic Interp.



2. Click on Interpret Horizon (H) and choose type of tracking



4. Choose the signal



PICKING TYPE Seeded 3D Autotracking  good for bright,high continuity layers



Guided Autotracking  good for bright medium continuity layer



Manual  good for low continuity layers



FAULT PICKING IN 3D OR LINE 3. Start Picking



2. Go to Interpr folder  choose insert fault  Change the name Bold means active Un-bold to deactivate



1. Click on Interpret Fault (F)



CREATE SURFACE 2. Put Horizon



3. Put Polygon /Boundary 4. Set to Automatic input



1. Go to utilities  Make/edit surface



5. Set increment



CREATE SURFACE (2) 6. Go to Algorithm



7. Set type of interpolation method



CREATE SURFACE (3) 1



6. Go to Algorithm 7. Set type of interpolation method



2



8. Go to well adjustment 9. Put welltops and TWT auto 10. Set the method



SURFACE IN 3D WINDOWS



Unstructured Time Map (TWT)



VELOCITY MODEL 2. Put lowermost surface and well tops as well



3. Use Velocity method and data (can be Vavg or Vint)



4. Set radius of well tops correction 1. Go to geophysic  Make velocity model



MAKE DEPTH MAP 1. Go to time surface settings



2. Map will appear as TVD unit 2. Click on Domain convert by active velocity model



THICKNESS MAP 1. Go to Top Structure  Calculator



2. Create formulas  Thickness = Top - Bottom



3. Go to new surface  change template to thickness depth



PETREL COURSE BASIC GEOMODELING SESSION 1 – GRIDDING Rahmadi Hidayat, M.Eng



MODELING WORKFLOW • CORNER POINT GRIDDING • PROPERTY MODELING • UPSCALING (COARSE)



SESSION 1 – GRIDDING • • • • • •



DEFINE MODEL FAULT MODELING PILLAR GRIDDING MAKE HORIZON MAKE ZONES AND LAYERING MAKE CONTACTS



FAULT MODELING 3. Right clock on Fault interpretation (convert it to depth using domain convert by active velocity model)



2. Go to input 4. Convert to faults in fault model



1. Click on Fault Modeling



FAULT MODELING (2)



6. Check the fault and Fault interpretation is already modeled



5. Go to model again



Do it in every fault interpretation that you have, if you have 3, means you have to do this 3 times.



PILLAR GRIDDING



4. Set automaticaly I-J direction 1. Go to Pillar Gridding



2. Make a boundary of Gridding



PILLAR GRIDDING (2) 2. Define cell size  Increment I and J



1. Double click Pillar Gridding 3. Click APPLY then OK



MAKE HORIZON



3. Go to Faults  Set the distance of fault, more distance means the fault zone will be larger 2. Insert horizon Top A as input and well top A as well 4. Go to well adjustment  set to cells penetrated by wells only 1. Double click Make Horizon



MAKE HORIZON (2)



Your Horizon You can change contour intervals and else in horizon settings



Faults cut the Top Horizon



MAKE ZONES



5. Then we have 2 zones 2. Put the well top between your horizon 3. Set the input type



1. Double click Make Zone



4. Set the building and volume connection



LAYERING 2. Put the number you want to split



the zone, For example reservoir is about 150 m, split to 30 means we will have upscaling (next step) for 5 m each



1. Double click Layering



MAKE CONTACTS 2. Set contact type (whether GWC, GOC or OWC)



OWC



1. Go to Make Contacts



3. Input depth of contact and click OK



PETREL COURSE BASIC GEOMODELING SESSION 2 – PROPERTY MODELING



MODELING WORKFLOW • • • •



GEOMETRY MODELING SCALE UP WELL LOGS FACIES MODELING PETROPHYSICAL MODELING



GEOMETRY MODELING 2. Put method



1. Double click on Geometrical Modeling



3. Put the surface, in this case is RMS amplitude to reservoir zone



SCALE UP WELL LOGS 3. Go to well section windows to see well log and the upscaled log



2. Put the log that you want to scale-up and set the settings



1. Double click Scale Up Well Logs



FACIES MODELING FROM GEOMETRICAL MODELING 1. Go to histogram



2. Activate Property and Make rectangle for Histogram



DEP. ENV. FROM GEOMETRICAL MODELING



3. Go to setting of Filter and define max and min value of Dep. Env.



DEP. ENV. FROM GEOMETRICAL MODELING



4. Go to Properties and make calculators to define Dep. Env.



Result



FACIES MODELING 1. Do the upscaling for facies log Tips: common settings for facies log Most of



FACIES MODELING (2) 3. Select zone which will be modeled



4. Select facies which will be confined for modeling 5. Choose algorithm method for modeling



2. Go to Facies Modeling



FACIES MODELING (3) 6. Set Data Analysis for Modeling in modeled zone and facies



8. Check the variogram box (means that modeling will use the edited variogram or rewrite in variogram in below



7. Set Variogram (Major, Minor and Vertical) Tips: direction of major and minor should have similarity to paleogeography



FACIES MODELING (4) 9. See the corelation of well log, upscaled and modeling should be in similarity



10. See the result and repeat this analysis for other facies



9. Click OK



PETROPHYSICAL MODELING 1. Do the upscaling for PHI log Tips: common settings for petrophysical log arithmetic average



PETROPHYSICAL MODELING (2) 3. Select zone which will be modeled



4. Select facies which will be confined for modeling 5. Choose algorithm method for modeling



2. Go to Facies Modeling



PETROPHYSICAL MODELING (3) 6. Set Data Analysis for Modeling in modeled zone and facies



8. Check the variogram box (means that modeling will use the edited variogram or rewrite in variogram in below



7. Set Variogram (Major, Minor and Vertical) Tips: direction of major and minor should have similarity to paleogeography



PETROPHYSICAL MODELING (4)



9. Go to distribution - Estimate data range (manually or automatically), method and dsitribution.



10. Set Co-kriging - Set the property for secondary variable and method and coefficient.



PETROPHYSICAL MODELING (5) 12. See the corelation of well log, upscaled and modeling should be in similarity



13. See the result and repeat this analysis for other facies



11. Click OK



COARSE MODEL



4. Input initial Grid 1. Go to Make simple Grid and set boundary and top & base limit



2. Set Grid increment  should be coarser than initial grid.



3. Go to Scale up structure



5. Set vertical resolution for Zone and click OK



COARSE MODEL (2)



7. Input properties in initial Grid which is targeted for coarse model



Fine Model



8. Click OK



6. Go to Scaleup Properties



Coarse Model



PETREL COURSE BASIC GEOMODELING SESSION 4 – VOLUMETRIC CALCULATION Rahmadi Hidayat, M.Eng



VOLUMETRIC CALCULATION



1. Go to Utilities  Volume Calculation



2. Input the contact to fluid zones



VOLUMETRIC CALCULATION



3. Set N/G and porosity in General



4. Set Sw, Bo and Rec factor



VOLUMETRIC CALCULATION



5. Go to settings, check property you want to add, in oil case usually Bulk vol, Pore Vol, HCPV oil, STOIIP, and Recoverable Oil



VOLUMETRIC CALCULATION



6. Go to Boundaries, set the JTM block polygon as boundary of your calculation (we only need to calculate inside the block)



7. Click RUN



CALCULATION RESULT



RESULT