Presentation - Roles Geologist 210130 [PDF]

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Sunday, 31th January, 2021



Ali Achmad Independent Geologist You can find me at [email protected]



GEOLOGIST’S ROLES FOR COAL MINING PROJECT SUCCESSFULNESS Sharing Session to bawahtanah.co.id



Disclaimer Most of these materials in this sharing presentation it is taken from internet (Public domain). The original pictures absolutely is copyright belongs to Authors , Not me“ ==All of opinion views that will expressed are based on my knowledges and also experiences. I am not represent as company or Academic Institution== ==Some sources link refer to company , However , there is no intent to commercial or promoted it == “I am not expert, but this is just sharing and learning not a lecture.. Therefore your critical, discussion, comment, feedback and others are so useful”



“Slide will be distributed after webinar session”



--Ali Achmad-Disclaimer



CV (Curriculum Vitae) Ali Achmad • • •



• • • •



==Brief Curriculum vitae==



Birth : Rembang, Central Java, Indonesia Education : Geology , UPN “Veteran” Yogyakarta (S1,2012) History of Affiliations & Positions:  2011 : Exploration Geologist, CV Chondrit, Muara Karangan Project – East Kalimantan.  2011 – 2012 : Staff Assistant of Geodynamics UPN “Veteran” Yogyakarta.  2012 : Final S1 Thesis at Banyumas Sub Basin, Central Java, was Supervised By Dr. Suyoto M.Sc  2012 – 2013 : Wellsite Geologist, PT Arutmin Indonesia (Mineral Resources Department)  2013 – 2014 : Graduate Development Program (GDP), PT Arutmin Indonesia  2014 – Now : Geologist & Geotechnical Engineer, PT Arutmin Indonesia  July 2020 – Now : G&G Section Head (Acting) Professional Organization: IAGI Paper Publication : 11 Conferences Papers (IAGI, Perhapi & National Seminary) Keynote Speaker : HMGF Unibraw, Lenusa Consulting , HMGF Region IV (East Java),IAGEO UPN, VTC Training. e-mail : [email protected], Professional Email : [email protected]



Ali Achmad Disclaimer



ali.achmad134



CONTENTS 1. GEOLOGY DOMAIN Regional Scope Study    



References Basinal Analysis Regional mapping Prospection



Exploration & Mapping techniques  Aerial Valid Topography  Detailed Stratigraphical & Structural Mapping  Outcrop Observational technique  Coal Lithotype  Drilling (Qual & GT), sampling & Logging  Coal Quality Parameters



Coal Reserve Calculation



Coal Modelling  Coal seams Correlation  Built up Stratigraphical Seam (Schema)  Inputting the Boreholes & Quality Lab. Outcomes  Graphical Outputs (Xsection, Croplines, Iso Thickness, Roof – Floor Contours, Data Posting, Statistical model etc.



Feasibility Study Land Compensation Reserve Graphics Infrastructure, Pitshell, Waste dump design Generation  Settling Pond Design  Project Commenced & Mining Operational, Hauling, Crushing, Barging & Marketing.    



Coal Resources Estimation  KCMI 2017  Point Of Observation  Isoline/Circle and Cross Section Methodology  Measured, Indicated, Inferred and Hypothetical/Invento ry Coal  Coals Tonnages



#Regional Scope Study Let’s Talk About



Regional Scope Study 1.1 Exploration Hierarchy



Soemarsono,2016



Cost Uncertainty Geology Domain



Regional Scope Study 1.2 References



https://www.sciencedirect.com/



https://www.sciencedirect.com/



https://b-ok.asia/book/871872/2ee2fd



• A lot of internet sites which provided various journals according “keyword”that you inputted such as “Borneo Coal Exploration” • www.sciencedirect.com , www.z-library.com etc.



Geology Domain



Regional Scope Study 1.2.1 References “The all of natural resources sorts in Indonesia are mainly controlled by Tectonic”



Counter-clockwise



Geology Domain



Regional Scope Study 1.2.2 Basin Analysis Calvert, 2000



West



Central Sumatra



Legend



Kutei Basin West East



NE Barito Basin



South Sumatra



Asem** Basin SW



Tari,2014



Barito



NE Geology Domain



Asem Asem



SW



Badan Geologi, 2010 https://geology.esdm.go.id/cekungan



East



Regional Scope Study 1.3 Basinal Analysis



Coal Formation



Project Area



https://www.geomatejournal.com/sites/default/files/articles/249254-icee23-Kausarian-Nov-2019-63.pdf



Regional geology map



Stratigraphy regional https://www.iagi.or.id/fosi/files/2017/03/BS37-03032017.pdf



Geology Domain



Darman, 2017



Regional Scope Study 1.4 Regional Mapping & Prospection https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128140482000144



f



Mine Project Permit



A



Note ; ATR : Antaredja Mining Project



Prospect Area Confirmation Boreholes



ATR 07 ATR 01



ATR 03



ATR 05



ATR 09



A’ Mine permit 100



A



0



Geology Domain



100



Prospect Area



A’ 0



Note ; Exploration Boreholes



Sub Surface Cross Section ; To define the pattern of Boreholes Trajectories https://twitter.com/theagu/status/1022176516304596992



#Exploration Mapping & Techniques Let’s Talk About



Exploration Mapping & Techniques 1.5 Aerial Topography •



•



Mining project topography should be provided in Geodetic basis tools. We can’t use it, if this topo it is originate from SRTM or DEM mode.



https://openpress.usask.ca/geolmanual/chapter/overview-of-topographic-maps/



Geodetic topography



Geodetic topo measurement https://www.greenbelly.co/pages/contourlines



X,Y,Z Points datasets



Topo DEM (not valid)



Importing to mine software



Validating this topo is carried out by geodetic Engineers



Geodetic Tools



Software Processing (Surface files)



Volume materials (Coal & Waste) $ Project



Geology Domain



Surveyor activity



https://freegistutorial.com/how-to-create-topography-from-contour-in-leapfrog/



Exploration Mapping & Techniques 1.6 Detailed Surface Geological Mapping both Stratigraphy and Structural Geology Plotted Geological Map



With Structural Feature



Geological Map Symbols



https://id.pinterest.com/pin/593067844653778194/



Less of Structural Feature



Courtesy : Adaro Mining https://ch.infinetwireless.com/uploads/images/1-Mine-planning.jpg



Cross Section



The effect of the angle of dip on the sinuosity of a contact’s outcrop.



Geology Domain



https://www.radford.edu/jtso/GeologyofVirginia/Structures/GeologyOfVAStructures4-3b.html



Richard, J Lisle 2004



Exploration Mapping & Techniques 1.7 Output Observational Techniques Cross bed Sandstone



Coal Seam



Interbedded of Sand-shale



Cross bedded Sandstone



https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Sediment olog ical- log s-of-the-Ema kwezini-F orm ation-deta iling-ve rtica l-facie s_fig 1_ 250 085373



http://geology.blogs.wm.edu/files/2016/08/VAcoal.jpg



We must detail to taking some informations of an outcrops related ; Structural geology data (Strike&dip, thickness, microfold, fault , joints set, log profiles, sampling, sketch and theirs connectivities among of bed layers. Geology Domain



Exploration Mapping & Techniques 1.8 Drillholes Determination



Geology Domain



Exploration Mapping & Techniques 1.9 Seismic Survey



Paleo channel



Sill & Dike Seismic characterisation can to reveal :  Mapping of the Gross Structural Geology features  Intrusions & Crystaline rock  Sedimentary feature (Channel sand, Limestone etc)  Shale Diapirism  Geological hazard (gas content)



Grippa, 2019 Burning effect



Long wall Panel Andesite Sill



Boulder of Igneous Rock Tanjung Fm.



Geology map Coal Seam



Large Intrusion Geology Domain



Surveyor activity Pranoto, 2020



Exploration Mapping & Techniques 1.10 Drilling, Sampling & Logging Rock Quality Designation (Deere,1967)



Rock core split in half to expose the core inside



f



https://www.uky.edu/KGS/coal/coal-core-coreobtained.php



https://ausimm.com/wpcontent/uploads/2020/06/CoalLog_v2.0_Training_Manual.pdf



Shear zone at Fault zone



Interlaminated ss and shale



Identification of Geotechnical defects feature during exploration activity it’s very important to mining project successful. Geology Domain



Exploration Mapping & Techniques 1.11 Drilling, Sampling & Logging



Quality Sample Ply 1



Coal Roof



10 cm (Coal Roof)



4 Meter



Ply 3 https://www.discovere.org/our-activities/single-activity-detail/Core%20Sampling



Coal Body



Ply 2



~ cm (Coal Body 1)



~ cm (parting/non coal) ~ cm (Coal Body 2) 10 cm (Coal Floor)



Coal Floor



A coal quality samples must note the informations related ; • Borehole name, seam name, coal ply , Depth (from – to), Thickness & Sample Numbers. We are create a dispatch/request quality letter to Laboratory. • TM,IM,ASH,VM,FC,CV, RD (Cv gar,daf & rdi we can search it through a formulation). Geology Domain



Exploration Mapping & Techniques 1.12 Coal Type & Rank https://www.uky.edu/KGS/coal/coal-macerals.php



Anthracite Geology Domain



Bituminous



Lignite



Exploration Mapping & Techniques 1.12 Coal Type & Rank https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetarysciences/vitrinite-reflectance



“Don’t be misunderstanding” • There are no connectivities among coal rank vs sulfur, ash, minerals (Boron, Phosporus Etc). • Changing of macerals density it would be changed Coal rank (Rvmax)



(R0)



Vitrinite reflectance (Rv max%, Ro%) is the percentage of light reflected from the surface of polished vitrinite.



Anthracite Geology Domain



Bituminous



Lignite



Exploration Mapping & Techniques 1.12.1 Coal Macerals



Maria Mastalerz, 2011



Vitrinites



Groundmass Vitrinite



Vitrinites coal macerals are composed of partially "gelled" wood, bark, and roots, and contain less hydrogen than liptinites



Gelified Vitrinite



Fragment of woody tissue



Liptinites Sporinite



Liptinites coal macerals are derived from spores, pollens, cuticles, and resins in the original plant material. These plant parts are more hydrogen-rich than other macerals.



Spores Leaf cuticle Resineous Ruiz,2012



Resineous oxidated



Fungal attacks Carbonized from fire processes



Dehydrated plant tissue Geology Domain



https://www.uky.edu/KGS/coal/coal-macerals.php



Inertinites Inertinites coal macerals are mainly oxidation products of other macerals and are consequently richer in carbon than liptinites or vitrinites, because much of the oxygen in the original plant parts or residues has been consumed by oxidation.



Exploration Mapping & Techniques 1.12.2 Coal Lithotype CLT-1



CLT-2.1 CLT-2.2



CLT-3



Mastalerz, 2011 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/art icle/a bs/pii/ S0166516217 301726



CLT-4 https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/microlithotypes



Note CLT : Coal Lithotype Geology Domain



Maria Mastalerz, 2011 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444528582000 037



Romeo M. Flores,2014



Lithotype in coal is a concept that distinguishes various bands in coal originally designed for “macroscopic” identification (Stach et al. 1982)



Cardott,2017



Exploration Mapping & Techniques 1.13 Coal Quality Lab & Theirs Parameters • Moisture is the terminology used in describing the moisture content of coals can be confusing and needs to be clarified. There are some moisture sort are



Surface, As received, Total and Air Dried Moisture. • The ash of a coal is that inorganic residue that remains after combustion.



• Volatile matter represents that component of the coal, except for moisture, that is liberated at high temperature in the absence of air. • The fixed carbon content of coal is that carbon found in the residue remaining after the volatile matter has been liberated. • Sulfur (H2S) Organic sulfur, present in the organic compounds of



the coal. Pyritic sulfur, present as sulfide minerals in the coal, principally iron pyrite. Sulfate minerals, usually hydrous iron or calcium sulfates, produced by oxidation of the sulfide fraction of the coal. • The density of a coal will depend on its rank and mineral matter content. • Hardness and Grindability it means coals are required to be crushed to a fine powder (pulverized) before being fed into a boiler. • The calorific value (CV) of a coal is the amount of heat per unit mass of



coal when combusted. Geology Domain



https://raregeologybooks.files.wordpress.com/2014/11/coal-geology.pdf



• • • • •



As Received (AR) : Full Moisture Air Dried (AD) : Only inherent moisture/without surface moisture Dried basis (DB) : Without Moisture. Dried Ash free (DAF) : Only VM & FC (Without Ash, and Mositure) Dried Mineral Matter free (DMMF) : Without Ash, Moisture and VM/mineral.



Coal quality in essence means those chemical and physical properties of a coal that influence its potential use (Thomas,2013).



Exploration Mapping & Techniques 1.14 Drilling, Sampling & Logging



Geology Domain



Exploration Mapping & Techniques 1.15 Drilling, Sampling & Logging Courtesy : Mintec



Geotechnical Sample



Wrapping plastic the core sample



Wrapping plastic the core sample



Measuring the Core



Covering with Alluminium foil https://ausimm.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/CoalLog_v2.0_Training_Manual.pdf



Re-Covering and Wrapping the core sample using PVC pipe & tape https://ausimm.com/wpcontent/uploads/2020/06/CoalLog_v2.0_Training_Manual.pdf



Geology Domain



Core Documentation



Exploration Mapping & Techniques 1.16 Drilling, Sampling & Logging Information



https://ausimm.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/CoalLog_v2.0_Training_Manual.pdf



Standard ; GR, Caliper, Density & Sonic.



https://ausimm.com/coal-log/



“GCD logs” To identify different lithologies, fit top-bottom seam and other lithologies, Enable to correlation.



Additional Request ; Resistivity, Magnetic susceptibility, Dip Meter. Specific Purpose; Porosity, Nuclear Magnetic, VSP.



“Sonic log” To identify rock strength with exponential formulae. “Neutron” to identify porosity study and groundwater presenced.



“Resistivity” Lithology identification, heat affected material (Instrusion), fluid content and weathering “Optical/Acoustic Scanner & Dip Meter” To accurately identify structural geology feature.



https://ausimm.com/wpcontent/uploads/2020/06/CoalLog_v2.0_Training_Manual.pdf



Geophysical Log Interpretation



Geology Domain



https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/c891/figures/figure31.htm



Exploration Mapping & Techniques 1.16 Drilling, Sampling & Logging



Standard ; GR, Caliper, Density & Sonic.



Additional Request ; Resistivity, Magnetic susceptibility, Dip Meter. Specific Purpose; Porosity, Nuclear Magnetic, VSP.



Well Correlation of Geophysical logs



https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0264817211002613



Higgs, 2012 Geology Domain



#Coal Seams Modelling Let’s Talk About



Coal Seams Modelling 1.17 Coal Seams Correlation Surface Topography



http://epbcnotices.environment.gov.au/_entit y/annotat ion/b4c706e9-2194-e611-a bed-0050 56ba00 a7/a7 1d58ad-4cba48b6-8dab-f3091fc31cd5?t=1476921600341



Boreholes Exploration



Aminossadati,2011 Through geological concepts the Geologist must define and correlate the seams inside of boreholes. These boreholes correlation must fit between drillcore data versus Geophysical Logging.



Geology Domain



Coal Seams Modelling 1.18 Built up Stratigraphy Models - Schema



f Interpolator



Model tab



Model Options



Modelling Controls : Topography, Model option, Parting



Code



Interpolator (Planar, Height, FEM, Inverse)



Conformable : Top & Bottom Limitation Survey : Dip seam Controlled



Father



Son



Geology Domain



Compound : (Father) & Element (Son)



Coal Seams Modelling 1.19 Inputting Boreholes & Quality Data Coordinate (E,N,Z)



Survey data Holename ASR-09C ASR-24C R7449C ASR-13C ASR-15C ASR-18C ASR-11C ASR-09C ASR-24C R7449C ASR-13C ASR-15C ASR-18C ASR-11C



Easting 314916.798 314916.819 314916.84 314916.861 314916.882 314916.903 314916.924 314916.945 314916.966 314916.987 314917.008 314917.029 314917.05 314917.071



Northing 9590792.324 9590793.524 9590794.724 9590795.924 9590797.124 9590798.324 9590799.524 9590800.724 9590801.924 9590803.124 9590804.324 9590805.524 9590806.724 9590807.924



Elevation 23.819 27.587 36.632 26.136 24.996 40.985 24.259 23.819 27.587 36.632 26.136 24.996 40.985 24.259



Depth 109.1 44.78 85 124 138 140 116 109.1 44.78 85 124 138 140 116



Boreholes Distribution



TOPOGRAPHY



Lithology data Holename From TO Thick Seam ASR-09C 20.819 20.819 3 BHWE ASR-09C 11.579 10.819 0.76 SER5 ASR-09C -20.341 -21.131 0.79 SER3 ASR-09C -25.041 -25.421 0.38 SER2 ASR-09C -39.801 -40.221 0.42 SER1 ASR-09C -63.621 -64.481 0.86 SEU2 ASR-09C -66.681 -67.681 1 SEM1 ASR-09C -69.261 -71.201 1.94 SEM2 ASR-09C -73.661 -75.531 1.87 SEL1 ASR-09C -75.531 -79.261 3.73 SEL23 ASR-09C -81.201 -81.821 0.62 SEB1 ASR-24C 24.587 24.587 3 BHWE ASR-24C 11.067 10.767 0.3 SEU2U ASR-24C 9.267 8.787 0.48 SEU2L ASR-24C 6.227 5.307 0.92 SEM1 ASR-24C 3.787 3.087 0.7 SEM2 ASR-24C -1.633 -4.533 2.9 SEL1 ASR-24C -4.653 -7.613 2.96 SEL23 ASR-24C -10.113 -10.853 0.74 SEB1 R7449C 33.632 33.632 3 BHWE



Code CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO



From Thickness To



CO CO CO CO CO CO CO



Depth



http://sipil-smd.blogsp ot.com/2015/01/m inecom-m ine scape-se baga i- softw are.ht ml



There area two fixed format that have been using to input boreholes data into mining Geology Domain



software namely survey and Litho format.



Coal Seams Modelling 1.20 Graphical Outputs There are few features related Output graphics that produced by Mining Software. https://www.researchgate.net/post/What- step s-a re-needed-to-ma ke-a-c oal-crop- line-map



Cross Section Floor Contour



Line Subcrop



The wall of house https://www.mintecabadi.com/ind/services/50.html



Geology Domain



Subcrop



Coal Seams Modelling 1.21 Graphical Outputs – Quality Model



Geology Domain



#Coal Resources Estimation Let’s Talk About



Coal Resources Estimation 1.22 KCMI 2017 - Guidance



The data more frequent More Certainty both technical and Non Technical factors



http://www.crirsco.com/docs/KCMI_Code_2017_Indon esia.pdf



PASAL 28 - Cadangan Mineral adalah bagian dari Sumberdaya Mineral Terukur dan/atau Tertunjuk yang dapat ditambang secara ekonomis. PASAL 19 - Sumberdaya Mineral adalah suatu konsentrasi atau keterjadian dari material yang memiliki nilai ekonomi pada atau di atas kerak bumi, dengan bentuk, kualitas dan kuantitas tertentu yang memiliki keprospekan yang beralasan untuk pada akhirnya dapat diekstraksi secara ekonomi.



Geology Domain



Coal Resources Estimation 1.23 Resources Categorization (MEA.IND,INF & Inventory Coal) SNI 5011 - 2019 Halaman 6



Geology Domain



Coal Resources Estimation 1.24 Point Of Observation (PoO)



Mine permit



Drilling



Sampling/Mapping



Test Pit



https://www.researchgate.net/figure/C oal -outcrops- of- ALP-and-Ban ko- Tanjungenim-c oa lfie ld-with-cleatpatterns_fig3_334108965



https://www.dandodrillingaustralia.com/drillingrigs-australia/mineral-exploration-drilling-rigs/



Legend ; https://www.cmwgeosciences.com/geot echnical-serv ice s/site- inve stigation/t rench-test-p it-sampling



•



•



Geology Domain



Point Of Observation Point of Observation (PoO) is the location where we get and do a measurement of coal such as thickness, valid coordinates, description and sampling. It has absolute requirement that the data point must reliable as SNI 5011-2019 coal exploration. Both Geodetic and Geophysical logging must be provided. Point of Observation (PoO) are be able in formed such as drilling, sampling, mapping, channel sampling, test pit etc.



Coal Resources Estimation 1.25 Resources Methodologies (Circle or Cross Section) Circle Resources concept Measured (250 m)



Q



Q



Q



250 M



Subcrop Subcrop



Bottom limit : The lowest seams which intersected boreholes.



250 M



Legend ;



https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/c891/figures/figure21.htm



: Point Of Observation (VT & Quality sample data) : Point Of Observation (Vertical Thickness)



Legend ; Inferred Resources (1500 meter) Indicated Resources (500 meter)



Geology Domain



Measured Resources (250 meter)



Coal Resources Estimation 1.26 Resources Methodologies (Circle or Cross Section)



5 1



1



2 1



1 1



Study case ; The grade calculation is 5 (Five) it means that our mining project has prospencity toward simple Geological condition.



1 1



Legend; : Point Of Observation : Measured - Polygon



: Indicated - Polygon : Inferred - Polygon



Geology Domain



Coal Resources Estimation 1.27 Resources Methodologies (Circle or Cross Section)



Pit Shell



A’



A A



A’ Resource Categorisation ;



Source ; Sumarna,2019 Geology Domain



Measured



KCMI Pasal 22



Indicated



KCMI Pasal 21



Inferred



KCMI Pasal 20



Coal Resources Estimation 1.28 Coal Tonnages (Clear Basis)



The rules of managing coal resources basis and theirs classification had clearly informed in KCMI 2017.



Geology Domain



#Coal Reserves – Mining Operational Let’s Talk About



Coal Resources Estimation 1.29 Reserve Categorization (Proven & Probable) KCMI 2017 Halaman 42



Geology Domain



Coal Resources Estimation 1.30 Reserve Financial Calculation



Other Cost



Geology Domain



Coal Reserves – Mining Operational 1.31 Feasibility Study Technical Reviewing https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Ge olog ical-c ross-section-in-Ta mnavaWest-213-Ultim ate-pit -design-L ong-term-production_fig3_ 279 221665



Acid Mine Drainage



Mine Design https://www.amazon.com/How-conduct-mine-feasibility-study/dp/B008046MT6



Enviromental issues



https://www.mining.com/green-social-and-sustainability-bonds-to-reach-400-billion-in-2020/



Geology Domain



https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Schematic-illustration-of-an-open-pit-mine-Source_fig1_257516250



Infrastructure



Mine Processing



Feasibility Study is comprehensively study regarding technical and economical from a development optional which have been selected.



Coal Reserves – Mining Operational 1.32 Land Compensation North Pit Active Mining Consession



Plan Pit



Illustration



Existing Pit



SL3



SL0 SL1 SL2



Land (oustanding)



Boundary revised



Land (Ready for Use)



Land compensation is one of the most important thing to convert the coal resources to be reserves status.



Outpit Dump 500 Meter



Geology Domain



Plan of development Area (Pit Design Boundary)



Pit Active



Coal Reserves – Mining Operational 1.33 Reserve graphics, Mine Plan Design https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9i-XUEPmbZQ



http://miningforce.blogspot.com/2017/07/tutorial-minescape-scheduling.html



Pitshell deliniation



f



• • • Sumarna,2019 Geology Domain



Reserve Graphics is a feature which represent of quantity both Overburden and coal tonnage inside at particular blok area. The Pit shell boundary is determined by company budget (SR verge). The financial budget of mining cost in coal mining companny it has been controlling by the price of theirs coal commodity. So the stripping ratio coulb be changed fluctuatively.



Coal Reserves – Mining Operational 1.34 Settling Pond – Enviromental Issue Pit Area



http://dunia-atas.blogspot.com/2018/05/sistem-pengeringan-mine-dewatering.html



At least there are 3 compartments.



Settlement



Sump Water



f



Compartment 1 : For suspending of material sedimentary particles. Compartment 2 : Transfer compartment Compartment 3: Monitoring and Treatment before to be released to river



Transfer Pipes



River



1



2



Settling Pond Compartment



3 Pipe Transfer http://www.mm-energi.com/Operasi/Penambangan.html



Geology Domain



The quality parameters of chemical water retention that will released to river must accordance with enviromental standarisation rules.



Coal Reserves – Mining Operational 1.35 Project Commenced & Mining Operational Haul Road



Mine Facilities



https://www.abc.net.au/news/image/9435116-3x27 00x467.jpg



Crushing & Conveying



https://stevensonresources.co.nz/p rojects/infrastructure/solid-energyrotowaro-coal-mine/



https://stevensonresource s.co.nz/projects/infrastruc ture/solid-energyrotowaro-coal-mine/



Maintenance/Workshop



https://bosfa.com/casestudy/dramix-mining-slabsstanding-up-to-the-test/



https://vietnamnews.vn/ec onomy/571251/viet-namincreases-coal-ore-andmineral-imports-fromaustralia.html



https://www.hydac.com. au/news/post/bulk-oilcleanliness-at-newlandscoal-mine.html



https://vymaps.com/ID/Muara-Tuhup-90887/ http://www.samtan.co.kr/eng/business/business01.php



Camp



https://www.bayan.com.sg/wahana-jetty



Geology Domain



Coal Barge



https://vymaps.com/ID/Muara-Tuhup-90887/



Coal Reserves – Mining Operational 1.36 Geologist Job in Mining Operational Geological work flow from Exploration to Production Development & Exploration Department  Identification & Description Lithology (Colour, Mineral Composed, Sorting, depth & thickness)  G’physical Logging & Survey data (Pick up Collar)  Geomodeling and releasing to site and Long term mine planing



Long term Mineplan Join Sign Off (In case)  Mine Scheduling  Blok Ranking/resgraph  Infrastructure, hauling road  Pit & Disposal (Long term)



Site Pit Geologist  Update status Reserve (pit Progress reconciliation) Monthly basis  Quarterly Update Model (Quality & Geometry)  Geotechnical Analysis  Reserve Conservation  Pit mapping & sampling  Operational Guidance (Sales)



Short term Mineplan (Site) & Mineplan Contractor  Mine Scheduling  Blok Ranking/resgraph  Infrastructure, hauling road  Pit & Disposal  Original & Remaining reserve (monthly basis)



Geology Domain



Information Coordination lines



Coal Reserves – Mining Operational 1.37 Survey Data https://www.miningphoto.com/details/936/cl ose_up_of_mine_surveyor_in_full_ppe_w ith _gear_on_open_cut_coal_mine_floor_w ith



Data Acquisition



High wall



Coal Seam Exposed & Mined Survey Data : X,Y,Z



Exposed Line



Seam’s Dip Direction



Surface Section (lines)



https://www.mtpr.org/post/ report- raise s-concern s- ove r-who-pay s-c oal- min ing-cleanup



Survey data (points) at Mining Software



Trihatmanto,2017 Geology Domain



https://docplayer.info/54349521-Modul-tutorial-cara-membuatkontur-dengan-software-mincom-minescape.html



https://www.google.com/url?sa =i&url=https% 3A% 2F% 2Freposit ory.ugm.ac. id%2F 27410 5%2F 1%2FOHT04.pdf&psig=AOvVaw216_xwgEVuSX0 bw Yq_ 8m io&ust =16 1050 3412769000&source= im ages&cd=vfe&ved= 2ahUKEwjmjfLvppXuAhXJcSsKHYjYBCIQjhx6BAg AEBI



Coal Reserves – Mining Operational 1.38 Updated and Reconciliation of the Geological Model Mining progress 2014



Topo Original



Mining progress 2010



ATR 206



ATR 213



ATR 221



Mining progress 2018



SL1



Legend Coal Seam Model Projection (Inside Pit) Actual Coal seam beds (Survey Data) PoO during mining ops (Pit Geologist)



SL2



Progress of Mining Topo (Surveyor)



Exploration Drilling (Exploration Team)



Geology Domain



SL3



Legend



Coal Reserves – Mining Operational



Coal Seam Model Projection (Inside Pit) Actual Coal seam beds (Survey Data)



PoO during mining ops (Pit Geologist)



1.39 Updated and Reconciliation of the Geological Model



Progress of Mining Topo (Surveyor) Exploration Drilling (Exploration Team)



Topo Original



ATR 213



ATR 221



ATR 206



B



A



SL1



C SL2 (A) (B) (C)



Reserve Tonnage in the beginning is 10 Mton Coal Mined Progress based on Model is 6 Mton Remaining Coal based on model is 4 Mton



A = B+C Geology Domain



SL3 Coal Mined Progress based on Survey is 6,2 Mton The Different of coal reserve is 200 Kton. What should we do???



Conclusion •



• •



•



Geology Domain



Understanding about Geological concept related mineral deposited, taking an exploration dataset properly and also data interpretation are so fundamental for a Geologist to build up a valid geological model. All of the Geological data must be calibrated with Geodetic tools. Resource and Reserve are influenced by a a lot of parameter such as geological condition, price commodity and modifying factors that has mention earlier. The Geologist must take responsibility regarding reserves status reconciliation (Pit Progress Reconciliation).



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