Spoken Dari [PDF]

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DOCUMENT RESUME ED 202 204



EL 012 1184



AUTHOR TITLE INSTITUTION



Latify, A. Hartz Spoken Dari. Preliminary Edition. Foreign Service (Dept. of State), Washington, D,C. Foreign Service Inst.



PUB DATE NOTE LANGUAGE



80



452p.



Dari; English



'`FORKS. PRICE



DESCRIPTORS '



IDENTIFIERS



'



MF01/PC19 Plus Postage. Cultural Context; *Dialogs (Language); Glammar;.Indo European Languages; *Intensve Language Courset; *Pattern Drills (Language); Persian; Postsecondary Education: *Pronunciation Instruction; *Prove bs; Second Language Instruction; Textbooks; Vocabul *Afghanistan; *Dari; Foreign Service Institute DC 1.,r=



ABSTRACT



This book contains the core of the Dari language program developed by the Foreign Service Institute. inatfiCti KOst of he sentences and exercises in the lessons are presented in the Per ian script; the spelling represents the actual pronunciation of colloquial Dari. Each lesson includes a set of basic sentences and drills, vocabulary lists, grammatical notes, pronunciition drills, question-and-answer exercises, and.a dialogue. A large number of proverbs and sayings are included in the lessons because such sayings are-used constantly in Dari, and they give an insight into Afghan culture and thought. (Author/AMH)



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For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 Stock Number 044-000-0176S-7



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FOREIGN SERVICE INSTITUTE



Edited by MARIANNE LEHR ADAMS



5



Acknowledgments



-



I would like to express my deep appreciation to my former students who very patiently put up with the errors and loose pages of this book when it was being used in xerox form. Their thoughtful suggestions were very helpful.



I am especially grateful to Dr. James A. Snow, linguist and Chairman of the Department of Near Eastern and African Languages, without whose comments, suggestions and patient attention, this text would not have been possible. Recorded material for this course was prepared in the studios of the Foreign Service Institute. Mr. Jose Ramirez and members of the language laboratory staff. Finally,. I would like to thank Mrs. Marianne L. Adams, He d cf Testing and Publications Office for her willingness to make arrangements for the publication of this preliminary edition and to Mrs. Maryko S. Deemer for typing the English sections.



'A. Hafiz Latify



iii



SPOKEN DARI INTRODUCTION



This book contains the core of the Dari instructional program developed by the author at the Foreign Service Institute. Each lesson includes a set of Basic Sentences and Drills. These are to be introduced orally and practiced by simple repetition. The students should imitate the instructor's voice, practicing until they can say each sentence with reasonable fluency, keeping the meaning in mind. Listening and oral sractice.are the essential steps in learning to speak.



After the sentences have been practiced in this way, the vocabulary lists and grammatical notes may be.consulted.. The pronunciation drills, question -and- answer exercises, and other exercises should also be practiced by imitation. The Dialogue at the end of the lesson should also be practiced orally; after they have gained fluency, students may take parts and repeat the Dialogue as a conversation. Then, most important, the students should begin to use the material of the lesson in genuine .conversation.



This course has been designed primarily for inductive learning. ,Many exawples of each grammatical point have been given-, and explanations kept to a minimum.In learning to speak and understand Dari, the student must rely primarily on his ears, listening to his instructor and to the recordings which accompany this text.



Phonetic transcription has been avoided, except in the vocabulary sections of each lesson. Most of the sentences and exercises'are presented in the Per'ian script. 'The spelling used in this book represents the actual prciunciation of colloquial bari; this differs somewhat from the spelling ually used in Afghan publications. A la.



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1 number of proverbs and sayings have been introduced in s. Sayings like' hese are used constantly in.Dari, and they .0-1t into Afghan' culture and thought.



The purpose of this course is-to help the student learn to communicate in Dari to exchange information and ideas with Afghans. By the active participation of both student and instructor, this ability can be built up. Learners should not feel bound by the lesson, but should try to use what they learn at each step to express their real ideas and opinions. One of ur favorite proverbs- says jt,"mosht nmmunm-e-kherwar zes." which may be roughly translated as, "By a small sample we may judge the whole 7.1.ece."



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