6 Aplikasi Bioteknologi Di Bidang Perikanan & Kelautan-1 PDF [PDF]

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APLIKASI BIOTEKNOLOGI DIBIDANG PERIKANAN & KELAUTAN-1 Dr. Ir. Linawati Dr. Ir. Sri Purwaningsih



Dr. Ir. Iriani Setyaningsih



TIK:



Mahasiswa



akan



dapat



menjelaskan



aplikasi bioteknologi dibidang perikanan & kelautan www.company.com



What is Marine Biotechnology ? Biotechnology Biology Chemistry Genetics



Process & Products Development



Engineering Statistics Economics



Natural Products : Pharmaceuticals Biomedical probes; Nutraceuticals Cosmeticeutical; Food/Feed Industrial Chemicals



Marine Biodiversity



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Pollution Control Bioremediation Biofiltration Bioleaching Bioabsorption Aquaculture related product Molecular kit to detect seafood and environmental contaminants 2



Marine Biotechnology for Natural Product Development



• • • • • • •



Industrial polysaccharide : agar, alginate, carrageenan Derived product to support Clean technology Improved process efficiency by including GMO Biopigment and oil from microalgae Natural antifouling Various bioactive compounds for food, cosmetic and drug Functional food & cosmetics (nutraceutical & cosmeticeutical)



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Seaweed processing Industries Seaweed



Processing Industry



Marine polysachharide



Slurry waste/residue (6-15%): Cellulose hemicellulose



Cellulase & hemicellulase:



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Mushroom



Bioethanol



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SCP



Clean Technology for Seaweed Processing Industry



Refined carragenan



Refined carragenan process www.company.com



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Cellulase production from seaweed processing waste Seaweed Trichoderma sp Aspergillus sp Penicillium sp



pH:4.5-5.5



Processing Industry



Slurry waste/residue (6-15%): Cellulose hemicellulose



Xylanase : Hemicellulase Endo 1,4,b-xylosidase A-arabinofuranosidase esterase



Cellulase : Cellobiohydrolase protein Endoglucanase β-glucosidase



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Polysaccharide (carrageenan, agar, alginate)



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Slurry waste/residue (6-15%): Cellulose hemicellulose



Acid/hot treatment



Trichoderma reesei T. hamatum Aspergillus sp Rhizopus sp



Enzimatic treatment Cellulase & Xylanase



Anaerobic Process Saccharomyces cerevisiae Anaerobic Process Mixed culture



Aerobic Process Saccharomyces cerevisiae Candida utilis



BioEthanol



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Biogas 7



SCP/Feed



How is bioethanol produced from seaweed processing waste



cellulose filtration



saccharification



ethanol 70% ethanol



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sugar



neutralization



fermentation



Mushroom production from seaweed processing waste 



Cellulotic waste is between 60-70 % of dry seewed



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FUTURE BIOPROCESS DEVELOPMENT TO SUPPORT MARINE DERIVED POLYSACCHARIDE INDUSTRIES



Developing clean production technology by applying biotechnology  Improved existing process by introducing enzimatic or microbial process  Developing enzimatic process to produce high value derivative compound 



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Chitin – Chitosan Industry



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CHITIN- CHITOSAN INDUSTRY Shell fish by product Demineralisation Deproteination Enzimatic process employing GMO Chitin Deasetilation Chitosan



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Oligomer & monomer glucosamine 12



Oligomer Chitin



Enzimatic process employing GMO



Biopigment production from microalgae



Porphyridium cruentum



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NATURAL ANTIFOULING FROM MARINE ORGANISMS •



Biofouling (Biological fouling): undesirable accumulation of microorganisms, plants and animals on artificial surfaces. This occurs on artificial surfaces submerged in sea water such as ship’s hulls, seaside peers, etc.



Larva repellant



Unwelcome guests: shellfish, algae cling to slow-moving ships and oil platforms www.company.com



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Antifouling agents



• Chemical  Copper, lead, arsenic, silicone, tributyl-tin (TBT)  All are toxic  TBT is the most powerful antifoulant (effective for 5



years)  TBT causes sex-changing disorders and abnormalities of marine animals.  TBT is restricted in most developed countries including Western Europe, Japan, USA, Canada, Australia and New Zealand Natural  Environmentally friendly  Biodegradable www.company.com  Produced from renewable resources 15



Organisms involved in biofouling



Microorganism Acinetobacter lwoffi Aeromonas sp. Agrobacterium Alcaligenes faecalis Bacillus spp. Bacillus cereus Bacillus subtilis Citrobacter spp. Citrobacter freundii Comamonas acidovoran Corynebacterium sp. Eikenella sp. Flavobacterium spp.



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Number of isolates 7 1 5 3 9 2 3 13 8 1 2 1 19



Percentage (%) 3.6 0.5 2.6 1.6 4.7 1.0 1.6 6.7 4.1 0.5 1.0 0.5 9.8



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Microorganisms Flavobacterium odoratum Flavomonas sp. Klebsiella pneumoniae Methylobacterium sp. Micrococcus sp. Nocardia spp. Oerskovia sp. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pseudomonas putida Pseudomonas spp. Shewanella sp. Staphyloccus aureus Staphylococcus sp. Streptococcus sp.



Number of isolates 3 7 10 6 15 21 9 2 8 15 11 5 4 3



% 1.6 3.6 5.2 3.1 7.8 10.9 4.7 1.0 4.1 7.8 5.7 2.6 2.1 1.6



Other marine organisms involved in biofouling



 Algae :Ulva rigida, Enteromorpha  Diatom : Nitzschia pusilla  Barnacle : Balanus amphitrite, Megabalanus rosa  Mussel : Mytilus edulis galloprovincialis  Bacteria : Pseudomonas sp., Vibriosp, Natural Antifoulant from Marine Organisms Sources



Active compound



Target fouling organism



Porifera Haliclona sp



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Green mussel



Zosteric acid



Green mussel Marine bacteria, algae, barnacles and tube worm



Tribromogramine



Barnacle larvae



Protein -



Barnacles, algae(ulva) alga Ulva lactuca , diatom, bacteria, fungi



Mollusca Lanaxis sulcatus Eelgrass Zostera marine Bryozoans Zoobotryon pellucidum Bacteria Alteromonas sp Pseudoalteromonas tunicata www.company.com



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Natural Antifoulant from Marine Organisms Sources



Active compound



Target fouling organism



Octocoral Renilla reniformis Leptogorgia virgulata



Diterpenes (renillafoulins&pukalide)



Barnacle



Cyanobacteria Scytonema hofmanni Calothrix brevissima



Diatom Nitzschia pusilla



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Sponge Dysidea herbacea Aplysillia longispina Smenospongia sp Myrmekioderma dendyi Topsentia sp Acanthella cavernosa Crella incrustans



Sesquiterpene Diterpene foramides Lyso-platelet-acitifating factor



Red Algae Plocamium coastatum Delisea pulchra



Halogenated monoterpenes Bromine containing furanones



Coelenterata Subergorgia suberosa, Sinularia numerosa, Sinularia compressa, Cladiella pachyclados www.company.com



Blue mussel Mytillus edulis Algae larvae of barnacle Balanus amphitrite larvae of Balanus amphitrite Ascidian, bryozoan, barnacle, algae



Barnacle larvae Barnacles and alge (ulva sp) Green mussel



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Antimacrofouling



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Natural antifoulant performance after 4 weeks treatment



Ulangan 1



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Ulangan 2



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Various biologically active compounds



Fungicide from symbiotic bacteria of Indonesian reef



Moisturising sunscreen (Carrageenan + Xylocarpus extract



Sunscreen cream containing extract of Xylocarpus sp Paten No. P00200500738 www.company.com



Antioxidative Moisturiser (Carrageenan + Pandanus sp)



Lipstick containing antioxidant of Pandanus sp 21



Taiwanese cosmetical product containing seewed



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Malaysian product containing chitosan



ChitoChem Cosmetic Product ( Malaysian)



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Ocean Fresh Cosmeticeutical & Nutraceutical product of THP-FPIK-IPB



Natural Aroma therapy soap (bar + liquid) Moisturising & antimicrobial soap (bar +liquid) Moisturising lotion Moisturising & rejuvenating lotion Moisturising & revitalising lotion Low-fat chitosan-seeweed chocolate www.company.com



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Sakana_THP Functional food containing chitosan & carrageenan



High fiber content Less fat Hypochelosteromic Fat absorber Natural preservative inhibiting spoiling microorganisms and pathogenic microorganism



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BIOPROSPECTING ? 



Kegiatan memanfaatkan sumberdaya biologis dan genetik serta pengetahuan tradisional untuk menemukan sumberdaya genetik atau bahan kimia alami untuk tujuan komersial (pengembangan ekonomi) www.company.com



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Pollution Control Ocean : Source of food and valuable compound and also sink for many pollutants



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Pollutant Oil : crude oil/petroleum hydrocarbon Accident 1978 Amoco Cadiz : 230,000 tons (Coast of Brittany in North Western France) 1989 Exxon Valdex : 35, 000 tons (Southern Alaska) 1996 Sea Empress : 72, 000 tons ( England) Sewage : Organic compound, Nitrate, phosphorous from Domestic and Industrial run off



Chemical : Chlorinated hydrocarbon/organochlorides, polychlorinated bi phenyls (PCB) from pesticides, plastic and paint manufacturing) Heavy metals : Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu from antifouling agent, plastic manufacturing, exhaust of running vehicles with leaded fuel, paint, www.company.com 29 mining, dredging