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Dunia Fungi



The Real Fungi



Keanekaragaman dan Klasifikasi Dunia Fungi • Dunia “Fungi” • Glosarium Biologi (Rifai & Ermiati, 1993): • fungi : jamur • mould : kapang (“jamur benang”) • yeast : khamir • mushroom : cendawan



Keanekaragaman Fungi



Phenetic Classification:  Introductory Mycology ( Alexopolus & Mim, 1979):



 Kingom Fungi (3 Divisio)  Divisio 1. Gymnomycota (Slime molds: 2 Subdivisio)  Subdivisio 1. Acrasiogymnomycotina (1 Classis)  Classis 1. Acrasiomycetes  Subdivisio 2. Plasmodiogymnomycotina (2 Classis)  Classis 1. Protostelliomycetes  Classis 2. Myxomycetes



Divisio 2. Mastigomycota Divisio 2. Mastigomycota (Water molds: 2 subdivisio) Subdivisio 1. Haloidmastigomycotina (3 classis) Classis 1. Chytridiomycetes Classis 2. Hypochytridiomycetes Classis 3. Plasmodiophoromycetes Subdivisio 2. Diplomastigomycotina (1 Classis) Classis 1. Oomycetes



Divisio 3. Amastigomycota • • • • • • • • • •



Divisio 3. Amastigomycota (Eumycota: 4 Subdivisio) Subdivisio 1. Zygomycotina (2 classis) Classis 1. Zygomycetes Classis 2. Trichomycetes Subdivisio 2.Ascomycotina (1 Classis) Classis 1. Ascomycetes Subdivisio 3. basidiomycotina (1 Classis) Classis 1. Basidiomycetes Subdivisio 4. Deuteromycotina (1 Classis) Classis 1. Deuteromycetes



Phylogenetic classification (18S rRNA): • Introductory Mycology (Alexopolus et al., 1996) • The Fifth Kingdom (Kendrick, 2000) • Kingdom “Fungi” • Kingdom Protista: • • • • •



Protozoan Pseudofungi (Slime molds): Phylum 1. Plasmodiophorida (- phoromycota) Phylum 2. Dictyostellida ( -stelliomycota) Phylum 3. Acrasida (-siomycota) Phylum 4. Myxostellida (-mycota)



Kingdom Stramenophyla (Chromista ) • • • •



Chromistan Fungi: Phylum 1. Oomycota Phylum 2. Hypochytriomycota Phylum 3. Labirinthulomycota



Kingdom FUNGI (The real Fungi): • • • •



Phylum 1. Chytridiomycota Phylum 2. Zygomycota Phylum 3. Ascomycota Phylum 4. Basidiomycota



Keanekaragaman Slime molds • Secara tradisional slime molds diklasifikasikan sebagai berikut: • • • • • •



Divisio 1. Gymnomycota (Slime molds: 2 Subdivisio) Subdivisio 1. Acrasiogymnomycotina (1 Classis) Classis 1. Acrasiomycetes Subdivisio 2. Plasmodiogymnomycotina (2 Classis) Classis 1. Protostelliomycetes Classis 2. Myxomycetes



Klasifikasi tradisional water molds: • Divisio 2. Mastigomycota (Water molds: 2 subdivisio) • Subdivisio 1. Haloidmastigomycotina (3 classis) • Classis 1. Chytridiomycetes • Classis 2. Hypochytridiomycetes • Classis 3. Plasmodiophoromycetes • Subdivisio 2. Diplomastigomycotina (1 Classis) • Classis 1. Oomycetes



Sistem klasifikasi filogenetik: • • • • • • •



Slime mold masuk ke dalam Protozoa: Kingdom Protista: Protozoan Pseudofungi (Slime molds): Phylum 1. Plasmodiophorida (- phoromycota) Phylum 2. Dictyostellida ( -stelliomycota) Phylum 3. Acrasida (-siomycota) Phylum 4. Myxostellida (-mycota)



Water molds • Water molds masuk ke dalam Dunia Chromista: • Kingdom Stramenophyla (Chromista) • Chromistan Fungi: • Phylum 1. Oomycota • Phylum 2. Hypochytriomycota • Phylum 3. Labirinthulomycota



Phylum Chytridiomycota



Chytridomycetes



Allomyces sp.



Zygomycota



Zygomycota



Ascomycota



Ascomycota



Ascomycota



Basidiomycota



Basidiomycota



Basidium formation