Hazard Identification Risk Assessment in Geothermal Industry [PDF]

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Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment in Geothermal Industry Presented by : Helin Simatupang Experienced HSE Practitioner/ Advisor in Geothermal Field



IATMI SM UPN Webinar Series #5 17 Oktober 2020



SAFETY INDUCTION - SAFETY MOMENT • Jika sewaktu-waktu terjadi kondisi darurat di tempat Anda masing-masing, pastikan Anda telah mengetahui posisi pintu darurat, tangga darurat kantor, kampus, maupun rumah masing-masing. • Pastikan posisi tubuh dengan layar komputer/ laptop sudah comply dengan posisi ergonomis. • Pastikan melaksanakan protokol kesehatan 3 M : Memakai masker, Mencuci tangan dan Menjaga jarak apabila sedang berada di kantor atau tempat orang berkumpul. • Gunakan kacamata anti radiasi selama mengikuti webinar ini apabila diperlukan.



© Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



SAFETY INDUCTION - SAFETY MOMENT • ± 25 juta orang di dunia terinfeksi Covid-19. • Banyak yang sudah sembuh, akan tetapi tetap jalankan protokol kesehatan selalu. • Semoga November bisa terealisasi pelaksanaan vaksinasi antivirus SARS-CoV-2 di dalam negeri. • Pastikan melaksanakan protokol kesehatan 3 M : Memakai masker, Mencuci tangan dan Menjaga jarak apabila sedang berada di kantor atau tempat orang berkumpul. • Selalu memakan makanan yang higiensi, bergizi untuk menjaga daya tahan tubuh / immun. © Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



BIODATA Personal Data



 First Aid Level Intermediate.



Name



:



Helin Simatupang, ST, NEBOSH IGC, CT



 Safety Leadership, etc.



LinkedIn



:



Helin Simatupang



Work Experiences



E-mail



:



[email protected]



Approximately 12 (twelve) years hands on experience in Health, Safety and Environment (HSE). 2 (two) GEOTHERMAL Projects, 1 (one) MINING Project, 4 (four) MINERAL Projects, 2 (two) OIL & GAS Projects.



Formal Education Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), Urban & Reg. Planning.



Professional Membership  Asosiasi Profesi Keselamatan Pertambangan (APKPI).  HSE Indonesia Wilayah Sumut (Initiator).  KAGAMA Chapter North Sumatra.



Certifications  NEBOSH UK International General Certificate in Occupational Health and Safety.  AK3 Umum Kemnaker RI.  AK3 Migas PPSDM Migas Cepu.  Training of Trainers (ToT) BNSP.  Internal Auditor ISO 45001:2018.  ISO 9001, OHSAS 18001, ISO 14001, SMK3, HACCP.  POP Panas Bumi BNSP.  POP Minerba KESDM .  HUET & Sea Survival.  COSHH Risk Assessor .  Drilling Pre-Spud Workshop and IADC Awareness.  Fire Fighting.  LOTO (Log Out Tag Out) Level II.



Geothermal Field Experiences : Former Sr. HSE Supervisor (Deputy Lead) at PT Sorik Marapi Geothermal Power (KS Orka Renewables) “Sorik Marapi Geothermal Project 240 MW”, Mandailing Natal, North Sumatra. Former Sr. HSE Engineer at Hyundai Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd, “Sarulla Geothermal Project 3x110 MW”, North Tapanuli, North Sumatra.



MAIN TOPICS • Introduction to Geothermal Industry. • Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control in Geothermal Industry (PreExploration, Drilling Exploration Campaign, Steam Well Test, Pre-Construction, Geothermal Power Plant Construction Phase, Commissioning Phase, Operation & Maintenance (O-M) Phase. • Q & A. © Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



INTRODUCTION TO GEOTHERMAL INDUSTRY



© Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



GEOTHERMAL INDUSTRY : INTRODUCTION • Geothermal (bahasa Yunani) : Geo berarti Bumi ; Thermos berarti Panas. Geothermal : Energi yang bersumber dari panas alami dari dalam perut bumi. • Definisi Geothermal berdasarkan UU No. 21 Tahun 2014 tentang Panas Bumi : sumber energi panas yang terkandung di dalam air panas, uap air, serta batuan bersama mineral ikutan dan gas lainnya yang secara genetik tidak dapat dipisahkan dalam suatu sitem Panas Bumi © Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



GEOTHERMAL INDUSTRY : INTRODUCTION Geothermal System



Source : Internet The requirements of Geothermal Resources : (1) Heat source ; (2) Hot fluids ; (3) Reservoir ; (4) Caps Rock



© Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



GEOTHERMAL INDUSTRY : INSTALLED ELECTRICAL CAPACITY • World Installed Electrical Capacity in Geothermal Plants in 2019.



© Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



Source : Think Geoenergy



GEOTHERMAL INDUSTRY : INSTALLED ELECTRICAL CAPACITY • Indonesia Installed Electrical Capacity in Geothermal Plants in 2019.



Source : NewQuest Technology



GEOTHERMAL INDUSTRY : GEOTHERMAL UTILIZATION SCHEME



1. Pemanfaatan Langsung (Direct Utilization) • Melalui metode ini, energi panas bumi digunakan secara langsung tanpa melakukan kegiatan pemrosesan energi panas menjadi energi listrik. Pemanfaatan langsung meliputi pemanas ruangan, kolam renang air panas, pertanian/ perkebunan, pemanas gula aren, pengeringan kopi, kopra, cabai dan pengeringan kayu.



• Pemanfaatan Langsung energi panas bumi memiliki keuntungan yang besar untuk pariwisata, industri, rumah sakit, dan gedung kantor. © Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



GEOTHERMAL INDUSTRY : GEOTHERMAL UTILIZATION SCHEME



Source : PGE Annual E-Book Diagram of Scheme of Direct Utilization of Geothermal Energy © Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



GEOTHERMAL INDUSTRY : GEOTHERMAL UTILIZATION SCHEME



2. Pemanfaatan Tidak Langsung (Indirect Utilization) • Pemanfaatan tidak langsung dilakukan dengan mengubah energi panas bumi yakni fluida panas bumi menjadi energi kinetik (turbin) yang kemudian berubah menjadi energi listrik.



• Fluida panas bumi yang keluar ke permukaan berisikan uap (steam) dan air (brine)



© Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



GEOTHERMAL INDUSTRY : GEOTHERMAL UTILIZATION SCHEME



Source : PGE Annual E-Book Diagram of Scheme of Indirect Utilization of Geothermal Energy © Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



GEOTHERMAL INDUSTRY : OBSTACLES & PITFALLS 1. Lack of knowledge and understanding of geothermal energy. 2. Technical obstacles. • Lack of knowledge of project development. • Improper preparation. 3. Financial obstacles. • Lack of understanding the geothermal energy • High upfront cost. • Risk & risk mitigation 4. Environmental obstacles. 5. Social & environmental obstacles. © Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



GEOTHERMAL INDUSTRY : OBSTACLES & PITFALLS 1. Lack of knowledge and understanding of geothermal energy • Geothermal energy is now only providing a minor part of the total energy use in the world - but important in a few countries, • The vast majority of people do not know anything about geothermal energy. • Various kinds of misunderstanding, for example : • It is only accessible in a very few and special places, usually remote. • It is risky as this connected to volcanic activity. • It is easy to access, just bring in drill rigs. • It will destroy natural hot springs and pollute the ground water. • It is mining and it will be depleted shortly.



© Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



GEOTHERMAL INDUSTRY : OBSTACLES & PITFALLS 2. Technical obstacles • • • • •



Lack of knowledge of project development, Improper preparation. Unrealistic expectations. Must be developed in steps. Unprofessional exploration work. • Everybody think they can. • Methods often not tailor-made. • Lack of overview and interdisciplinary approach.



• Geoscientists, engineers and financial people do not understand each other. • Chemical problems.



© Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



GEOTHERMAL INDUSTRY : OBSTACLES & PITFALLS 3. Financial obstacles



• Lack of understanding the geothermal energy. • • • • • •



High upfront cost. Unrealistic high expectations. Risk and risk mitigation. Feed-in tariffs. High drilling and logging cost. Needs patient capital. © Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



GEOTHERMAL INDUSTRY : OBSTACLES & PITFALLS 4. Social obstacles • A lack of public awareness. • Easy to frighten people with the unknown : • Geothermal pollution make men infertile. • Holy paces.



• Mostly in remote areas. • Often in national parks or protected areas. • Competition with natural gas, mostly in the heating sector. • Legislations and regulations do not fit geothermal development. © Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



GEOTHERMAL INDUSTRY : OBSTACLES & PITFALLS 5. Social & environmental obstacles • A lack of public awareness. • Easy to frighten people with the unknown : • Geothermal pollution make men infertile. • Holy paces.



• Mostly in remote areas. • Often in national parks or protected areas. • Competition with natural gas, mostly in the heating sector. • Legislations and regulations do not fit geothermal development. © Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



GEOTHERMAL INDUSTRY : GEOTHERMAL DEVELOPMENT PHASES



Source : PGE Annual E-Book © Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK ASSESSMENT AND RISK CONTROL : BASIC KNOWLEDGE © Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



RISK ASSESSMENT : BASIC KNOWLEDGE •



Bahaya (hazard) adalah : sumber atau situasi yang berpotensi menimbulkan cedera pada manusia, penyakit akibat kerja, kerusakan peralatan, pencemaran lingkungan dan kombinasi dari semua hal tersebut.



•



Pengendalian bahaya (hazard control) adalah proses melakukan pengukuran untuk mengurangi risiko yang terdapat pada sebuah bahaya.



•



Hirarkhi kontrol (hirerarchy of control) adalah suatu tahapan/ langkah dalam mengendalikan risiko.



•



Identifikasi bahaya (hazard identification) adalah upaya untuk mengidentifikasi/ mengenali suatu bahaya yang berpotensi menimbulkan kecelakaan.



•



Risiko (risk) adalah kombinasi dari kemungkinan/ peluang (likehood) dan keparahan (severity), formulasinya : risk = likehood x severity.



•



Penilaian risiko (risk assessment) adalah proses untuk mengevaluasi risiko terhadap keselamatan dan kesehatan yang ditimbulkan oleh bahaya di tempat kerja.



•



Manajemen risiko (risk management) adalah prosedur total dengan mengidentifikasi bahaya, menilai risiko, menentukan tindakan pengendalian risiko (control measure) dan melakukan review terhadap seluruh tindakan yang sudha dilakukan dalam manajemen risiko.



RISK ASSESSMENT : PLANNING & CONDUCTING OF HIRARC Tujuan HIRARC : 1. Mengidentifikasi semua faktor yang berpotensi menimbulkan cedera bagi pekerja, penyakit akibat kerja, kerusakan peralatan dan pencemaran lingkungan. 2.



Mempertimbangkan setiap potensi suatu bahaya mengakibatkan cedera bagi pekerja, penyakit akibat kerja, kerusakan peralatan dan pencemaran lingkungan serta tingkat keparahan yang ditimbulkannya.



3.



Memampukan pekerja untuk merencanakan dan memonitor tindakan pencegahan untuk meyakinkan semua risiko telah dikendalikan sepenuhnya selama melakukan pekerjaan.



© Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



RISK ASSESSMENT : PLANNING & CONDUCTING OF HIRARC Merencanakan Aktivitas HIRARC : Untuk situasi: 1. Dimana bahaya memiliki potensi nyata untuk mencederai (ancaman siqnifikan). 2. Ketidakpastian apakah kontrol yang eksiting mencukupi atau dan 3. Sebelum mengimplementasikan tindakan perbaikan dan pencegahan. © Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



RISK ASSESSMENT : PLANNING & CONDUCTING OF HIRARC Proses HIRARC: 1. Mengklasifikasi aktivitas pekerjaan. 2. Mengidentifikasi bahaya 3. Melakukan penilaian risiko (analisa dan mengestimasi risiko dari masing-masing hazard) dengan melakukan kalkulasi atau perkiraan/ estimasi : (i) peluang dari kejadian ; (ii) keparahan dari bahaya). 4. Memutuskan jika risiko bisa ditoleransi dan mengaplikasikan tindakan perbaikan (jika diperlukan). © Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



Flowchart dari Prses HIRARC



Source : Department of Occupational Safety and Health © Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



RISK ASSESSMENT : PLANNING & CONDUCTING OF HIRARC Identifikasi Bahaya : 1. Bahaya terhadap Kesehatan : kebisingan (noise), getaran, debu (dust), asbestos, dsb. 2. Bahaya terhadap Keselamatan : slipping/ tripping hazards, fire hazards, moving parts of machinery, tools and equipment (pinch point, line of fire), work at height, ejection of material, pressure systems, vehicles/ heavy quipment, lifting & othe rmanual handling operations, working alone, dll. 3. Bahaya terhadap Lingkungan : Limbah B3 (Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun). © Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



RISK ASSESSMENT : PLANNING & CONDUCTING OF HIRARC Identifikasi Bahaya dan Metodologi Penilaian: 1. Langkah dan rentang waktu untuk mengidentifikasi dan menilai bahaya yang ada (siapa PIC nya dari safety committee, rentang waktu pelaksanaan e.g. workshop A bulan desember, worksho b bulan a[pril, dsb). 2. Melakukan record terhadap bahaya yang sudah diidentifikasi. 3. Rentang waktu untuk mereview, bila diperlukan merevisi metodologinya. Teknik Mengidentifikasi Bahaya : 1. Inspeksi tempat kerja. 2. Analisa prosedur keselamatan kerja atau analisa keselamatan kerja (JSA). 3. Investigasi pendahuluan dari kecelakaan yang sebelumnya. 4. Faktor potensial penyebab kecelakaan. 5. Analisa kegagalan. 6. Investigasi penuh accident, incident maupun nearmiss. © Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



Identifikasi Bahaya



© Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



© Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



RISK ASSESSMENT : PLANNING & CONDUCTING OF HIRARC Peluang dari suatu kejadian (likehood of an occurance)



Source : Department of Occupational Safety and Health



© Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



RISK ASSESSMENT : PLANNING & CONDUCTING OF HIRARC Keparahan dari suatu bahaya (severity of hazard)



Source : Deaptment of Occupational Safety and Health



© Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



RISK ASSESSMENT : PLANNING & CONDUCTING OF HIRARC Peluang dari suatu kejadian (likehood of an occurance)



Source : Department of Occupational Safety and Health



© Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



RISK ASSESSMENT : PLANNING & CONDUCTING OF HIRARC Penilaian Risiko (Risk Assessment) L x S = Relative Risk L = Likehood (Kenungkinan) S = Severity (Keparahan) Source : Deaptment of Occupational Safety and Health



© Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



RISK ASSESSMENT : PLANNING & CONDUCTING OF HIRARC Contoh Risk Matrix



Source : Department of Occupational Safety and Health © Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



RISK ASSESSMENT : PLANNING & CONDUCTING OF HIRARC Hasil Penilaian Risiko (The Relative Risk Value)



Source : Department of Occupational Safety and Health



© Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



Source : EJ Presentation Slide



© Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



Source : EJ Presentation Slide



© Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



Source : EJ Presentation Slide



© Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



Source : EJ Presentation Slide



© Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



Source : EJ Presentation Slide



© Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



RISK ASSESSMENT : PLANNING & CONDUCTING OF HIRARC Hirakhi Pengendalian Risiko (Hierarchy of Control)



Source : Department of Occupational Safety and Health© Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



Source : EJ Presentation Slide



© Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



Source : EJ Presentation Slide



© Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



© Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



© Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



Source : EJ Presentation Slide



© Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



RISK ASSESSMENT : PLANNING & CONDUCTING OF HIRARC Documenting HIRARC 1. Penanggung jawab (Responsibility dan accountability). 2. Proses dokumentasi (Documenting process) 3. Consultation 4. Training Source : Department of Occupational Safety and Health© Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



RISK ASSESSMENT : PLANNING & CONDUCTING OF HIRARC Appendix Page 19-34



Source : Department of Occupational Safety and Health © Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



RISK ASSESSMENT : BASIC KNOWLEDGE Example of Complete Risk Assessment in Construction Project Project HSSE Risk Assessment Report.pdf Source : TEP CSTS 2019



© Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



Source : EJ Presentation Slide



© Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



Source : EJ Presentation Slide



© Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



Source : EJ Presentation Slide



© Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



Source : EJ Presentation Slide



© Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



Source : EJ Presentation Slide



© Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



Source : EJ Presentation Slide



© Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



Source : EJ Presentation Slide



© Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



Source : EJ Presentation Slide



© Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



© Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



Source : EJ Presentation Slide



© Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



RISK ASSESSMENT RELATED TO GEOTHERMAL INDUSTRY



© Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



RISK ASSESSMENT RELATED TO GEOTHERMAL INDUSTRY 1. Resource Risk • • •



•



•



A major uncertainty in geothermal power project development concerns the size and quality of the geothermal fluids that can be extracted from the underground resource. The uncertainty effects the design parameters of the power plant downstream. The quantity and accuracy of resource information at the early stages of a project will lead to more accurate reservoir models, thus lowering the risk and uncertainty associated with the geothermal power project. A strategy to reduce resource risk starts with an understanding of the geological setting and an accurate assessment of the type and distribution of surface thermal manifestation (hot springs, fumaroles, etc). Geophysical methods are used to improve the understanding of the controls on permeability and subsurface fluid flow. To lower resource risk uncertainty, the amount of data collected is less important than the type and quality of the data acquired. Resource uncertainty and risk will remain high until there are deep wells that actually penetrate the geothermal reservoir. © Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



RISK ASSESSMENT RELATED TO GEOTHERMAL INDUSTRY Six resource characteristic which siqnificantly affect the type of geothermal power plant that is appropriate to build on a given field : 1. Reservoir Temperature 2. Reservoir Size 3. Permeability 4. Enthalpy 5. Geochemistry 6. Topography and Geology © Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



RISK ASSESSMENT RELATED TO GEOTHERMAL INDUSTRY 2. Geothermal Drilling Risk • •



• •



Drilling cost are estimated to account for between 35% and 40% of the capital. A single well may cost between $1 million and $7 million depending on the geographic location, well depth and diameter, and local geology. As a result, a significant financial commitment needs to be made before the characteristic of the resource can be fully known. In e few countries, resource risk insurance has been available for geothermal wells, and interest in this geothermal risk mitigation approach is growing. Geothermal formation exhibit highly disparate and diverse characteristics from field to field and within the same field. To better these characteristics, geothermal developers typically spend several million dollars on-pre drilling activities, recognizing that this provides information that can significantly improve the odds of success in initial exploratory wells.



© Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



RISK ASSESSMENT RELATED TO GEOTHERMAL INDUSTRY 2. Geothermal Drilling Risk •



•



Pre-drilling activities typically include : • Detailed geological analyses to postulate the location and characteristics of permeable formations, • Additional geochemical work to assess the temperature, pressure and chemical composition of reservoir fluids and the use of fluid mixing models to postulate fluid flow paths. • Conceptual modelling to describe the geothermal system as completely as possible, including developing concepts about flow patterns such as “upflow” from the geothermal fluid source, lateral and vertical flow through the system, and discharge to hot springs or sub-surface aquifers, and • Geophysics to test one or more theories about the controls on geothermal fluid flow and to make appropriate adjustments to the conceptual model. Those detailed analyses can siqnificantly affect the rate of success during the initial drilling campaign. Even when a first well is not successful, the conceptual modeling process provides a basis for understanding the reason © Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



RISK ASSESSMENT RELATED TO GEOTHERMAL INDUSTRY Drilling Phase DAY-1



PIC



Duration (mins)



Start



Opening Opening Agenda & Ground Rules Safety - Diversity Moment Coffee Break



SDF/BI DP WM Hotel



0:30 0:15 0:30 0:30



8:15 AM 8:45 AM 9:00 AM 9:30 AM



8:45 AM 9:00 AM Class Discussion 9:30 AM 10:00 AM



Drilling Plan Overview Project update and overview Well architecture overview Drilling Parameter per hole section Mud program Cementing Program Q&A session Lunch Break



BI DP/GN DP/GN SLB SLB DP/GN Hotel



0:15 0:15 0:15 0:15 0:15 0:30 1:00



10:00 AM 10:15 AM 10:30 AM 10:45 AM 11:00 AM 11:15 AM 11:45 AM



10:15 AM 10:30 AM 10:45 AM Class Discussion 11:00 AM 11:15 AM 11:45 AM 12:45 PM



Risk Assessment Session Risk Assessment overview Risk register & grouping Risk Assessment session Top 3 risk per hole section



DP ALL Group Group



0:30 1:00 1:30 0:45



12:45 PM 1:15 PM 2:15 PM 3:45 PM



1:15 PM Class Discussion 2:15 PM 3:45 PM Group Discussion 4:30 PM



Source : SMGP Drilling Risk Assessment Workshop Plan



End



Remarks



© Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



RISK ASSESSMENT RELATED TO GEOTHERMAL INDUSTRY Drilling Phase DAY-2



PIC



Duration (mins)



Start



Opening Agenda & Ground Rules Safety - Diversity Moment Day-1 review session Coffee Break



DP WM DP Hotel



0:15 0:30 1:00 0:30



8:15 AM 8:30 AM 9:00 AM 10:00 AM



Risk Assessment Session Continue wrap up top 3 risk Lunch Break



Group Hotel



1:30 1:00



10:30 AM 12:00 PM Group Discussion 12:00 PM 1:00 PM



Group 1 Group 2



0:45 0:45



1:00 PM 1:45 PM Class Discussion 1:45 PM 2:30 PM



Group 3 Group 4 Hotel



0:45 0:45 0:30



2:30 PM 3:15 PM Class Discussion 3:15 PM 4:00 PM 4:00 PM 4:30 PM Group Discussion



DP ALL



0:15 0:15



4:30 PM 4:45 PM Class Discussion 4:45 PM 5:00 PM



Presentation & Discussion Top 3 risk presentation 24" hole section Top 3 risk presentation 17.5" hole section Coffee Break Top 3 risk presentation 12.25" hole section Top 3 risk presentation 8.5" hole section Wrap up group discussion Closing Path Forward Closing remarks



Source : SMGP Drilling Risk Assessment Workshop Plan



End



Remarks



8:30 AM 9:00 AM Class Discussion 10:00 AM 10:30 AM



© Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



RISK ASSESSMENT RELATED TO GEOTHERMAL INDUSTRY 1. Project Financing Risk • • • • • • •



As reflected by EIA’s LCOE information, geothermal power on a $/MWh basis is less expensivemthan competing energy technologies. Geothermal powe has higher up-front capital costs because of the need to drill wells. These extra up-front capital costs essentially represent the advance purchase of the project’s lifetimme of “fuel” for electricity production. Th high up-front cost and the relatively long lead time to discover, confirm, and develop the geothermal resource can have an adverse impact on the financing of the project. Debt financing is typically unavailable during the early phases of project, increasing the need to rely on more costly options such as equity capital. The ability of a project to attract financing from commercial sources will gradually improve as each successive development phas ebrings mor epositive results and reduce uncertainty. At the early stage of geothermal development, investors would require at least venturelevel returns onm their investment of risk capital that can reach up to 40%. Globally, financial risk is often seen as one of the most significant barriers to the development of new geothermal power projects.



Source : The Manageable Risk of Conventional Hydrothermal Geothermal Power Systems © Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



RISK ASSESSMENT RELATED TO GEOTHERMAL INDUSTRY 2. Operational & Maintenance Risks • Sustaining Reservoirs. Sustainably managed geothermal reservoirs can maintain energy production for decade and even longer. • Wellfield Maintenance via “Make-Up Wells” • Seismicity. • Geothermal Fluid Chemistry. Source : The Manageable Risk of Conventional Hydrothermal Geothermal Power Systems



RISK ASSESSMENT RELATED TO GEOTHERMAL INDUSTRY Geothermal Risk Mitigation • • •



•



Many of the programs summarized briefly in the following section are dedicated to reducing on or two major areas of risk associated with geothermal projevts, including exploration, drilling success, and/ or the ability to obtain project financing. In many countries, government or quasi-government organizations take on the responsib ility of exploration and early drilling, in some cases with grants or loans from multilateral or international institutions, thus reducing the level of risk. Forf example, Kenyan Government has lead geothermal development, through a government owned company, because the private sector was unwilling to accept the risks of geothermal development. Some government have mitigated geothermal risks ny : • Providing extensive reasearch dta on geology and geothermal resources to developers at no cost. • Cost-sharing exploration and early drilling in geothermal fields. • Providing loans, loan guarantees, or grants to ease the ability to raise capital for geothermal projects.



Source : The Manageable Risk of Conventional Hydrothermal Geothermal Power Systems © Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



RISK ASSESSMENT RELATED TO GEOTHERMAL INDUSTRY Geothermal Risk Mitigation •



• • • •



Geothermal Research into geothermal drilling technology has resulted in expertise and technological advancements in the following technology areas : • Improved drill bits for faster penetration and longer life. • High temperature downhole instrumentation to monitor the driiling process and evaluate reservoir. • Lost circulations to monitor operating conditions, optimize drilling performance, and identify problems. • Lost circulations analysis and treatment to mitigate lost circulation throguh early detection and develop new technology for plugging loss xones. • Slimhole drilling to enable cheaper exploration with samller diameter wells. • Systems analysis to ensure that the right problems are being solved. • Field operations to demonstrate new technology in real drilling situatuins. • Program management to integrate a multi-disciplinary research program. • Work with industry to develop partnership, contracts, and cooperative agreements with over 50 companies. The National Geothermal Data System Geothermal Risk Insurance World Bank’s Global Geothermal Development Plan (GGDP) Technological Advancement



Source : The Manageable Risk of Conventional Hydrothermal Geothermal Power Systems © Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



SARULLA GEOTHERMAL 3X110 MW



© Helin Simatupang, ST, IgNEBOSH, CT



SORIK MARAPI GEOTHERMAL 240 MW



TERIMAKASIH THANK YOU



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