5 0 9 MB
USG PLASENTA DAN CAIRAN KETUBAN dr. Aldika Akbar SpOG Dept/SMF OBGYN RSUA – RSUD Dr. Soetomo Fakultas Kedokteran UNAIR Surabaya 2015
USG PLASENTA DAN CAIRAN KETUBAN PLACENTA • Letak /Insersi • Maturasi
CAIRAN KETUBAN • Jumlah
Faculty of Medicine A irlangga University 2015
PLASENTA
Faculty of Medicine A irlangga University 2015
Plasenta • Organ janin • Supply nutrisi dan oksigen, serta organ eksresi • Embriologi: – Komponen maternal: desidua plasentalis (bagian dalam plasenta), dibentuk invasi tropoblast – Komponen fetal: chorion frondosum
Faculty of Medicine A irlangga University 2015
USG PLASENTA • Tampak sebagai gambaran struktur echogenik (intermediate) sepanjang dinding uterus , dengan lapisan hipoechoic yang memisahkan dengan lapisan miometrium http://www.fetalultrasound.com/online/text/3-‐ 065.HTM Faculty of Medicine A irlangga University 2015
Maturasi Plasenta Klasifikasi Grannum Grade : 0 Grade : I Grade : II Grade : III
Faculty of Medicine A irlangga University 2015
Plasenta Derajat Maturasi 0 • < 18 weeks • Uniform echogenicity • Smooth chorionic plate
Faculty of Medicine A irlangga University 2015
Plasenta Derajat Maturasi 1 • 18-‐29 weeks • Occasional (random) parenchymal calcification/hyperechoic area • Subtle indentations of chorionic plate
Faculty of Medicine A irlangga University 2015
Plasenta Derajat Maturasi 2 •
> 30 weeks
•
Occasional basal calcification/hyperechoic area
•
Deeper indentations of chorionic plate (some reach to basal plate) à seen as comma type densities at the chorionic plate
Faculty of Medicine A irlangga University 2015
Plasenta Derajat III : •
Significant basal calcification
•
Chorionic plate interrupted by indentations (frequently calcified) that reach up to basal plate cotyledons
•
An early progression to a grade III placenta is concerning and is sometimes associated with placental insufficiency
Faculty of Medicine A irlangga University 2015
LOKASI PLASENTA • PENTING! Menentukan hubungan plasenta dengan ostium uteri internum (internal cervical os) • INSERSI: – Normal – Previa • • • •
Totalis Lateralis Marginalis Letak Rendah
Faculty of Medicine A irlangga University 2015
INSERSI NORMAL PLASENTA
http://www.ultrasoundpaedia.com/ normal-‐2ndtrimester/
http://www.obimages.net/placental-‐ disorders/placenta-‐accreta/information/
Faculty of Medicine A irlangga University 2015
PLASENTA PREVIA • Insersi Plasenta abnormal pada posisi menutupi atau dekat dengan oui (segmen bawah rahim) • Faktor risiko: – – – – – –
Riwayat plasenta previa Riwayat SC Usia ibu > Paritas > Plasenta besar (kehamilan multipel) Merokok Faculty of Medicine A irlangga University 2015
Case courtesy of Dr
Faculty of Medicine A irlangga University 2015 Yuranga Weerakkody, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 13502
http://picturespider.com/i-‐anterior-‐low-‐lying-‐placenta-‐ Faculty of Medicine A irlangga University pictures.php?ad=off 2015
Faculty of Medicine A irlangga University 2015
Faculty of Medicine A irlangga https://www.glowm.com/ultrasoundAtlas University 2015
USG CAIRAN KETUBAN Faculty of Medicine A irlangga University 2015
Cairan Amnion • Produksi & pertukaran : plasenta, membran amnion, umbilikus, kulit janin, traktus digestivus, RT, dan UT • Volume Normal : 30 ml (10 mgg), 350 ml (20 mgg), 1,000 ml (35 mgg), and 250 ml (43 mgg) • Volume dikontrol oleh > 1 faktor • Kontrol temperatur • Menjaga lingkungan janin, perkembangan paru janin dan pertumbuhan ekstremitas Faculty of Medicine A irlangga University 2015
Faculty of Medicine A irlangga University 2015
Cairan Amnion Abnormalitas volume amnion pada trimester dua è abnormalitas janin, DMG, atau insufisiensi plasenta.
Faculty of Medicine A irlangga University 2015
Regulasi Cairan Amnion
Faculty of Medicine A irlangga University 2015
Volume Cairan Amnion Dalam menilai volume amnion harus selalu memperhatikan variasi fisiologi dan usia gestasi
Faculty of Medicine A irlangga University 2015
USG CAIRAN KETUBAN • METODE: – Subjektif, hanya oleh expert – SDP (Single Deepest Pocket) – AFI (Amniotic Fluid Index) atau ICA (Indeks Cairan Amnion)
Faculty of Medicine A irlangga University 2015
Single Deepest Pocket • • • •
Mengukur panjang kantong amnion terdalam Panjang horisontal minimal 1 cm Tidak ada ekstremitas atau tali pusat Tegak lurus lantai
Faculty of Medicine A irlangga University 2015
SDP = 6,5 cm Faculty of Medicine A irlangga University 2015
Pengukuran semikuantitatif (satu kantong) volume cairan amnion Single Deepest Pocket (SDP)
HASIL PENGUKURAN
INTERPRETASI
> 2 cm, < 8 cm
Volume cairan amnion normal
> 8 cm 8 – 12 cm 12 – 16 cm > 16 cm
Polihidramnion •Polihidramnion ringan •Polihidramnion sedang •Polihidramnion berat
≥ 1 cm, ≤ 2 cm
Volume cairan amnion meragukan normal (borderline)
< 1 cm
Oligohidramnion
Sumber : Weber G, Merz E. Amniotic Fluid. Dalam : Ultrasound in Obstetricsand Gynecology. Editor Eberhard Merz, Thieme, 2005:409-414
Faculty of Medicine A irlangga University 2015
Indeks Cairan Amnion (ICA) Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI) 36-42 W
Faculty of Medicine A irlangga University 2015
Pengukuran AFI • Sama dengan SDP, tetapi dikerjakan di 4 potongan di sudut • Syarat sama dengan SDP
Faculty of Medicine A irlangga University 2015
http://www.slideshare.net/doaagadalla58/amniotic-‐fluid-‐ultrasound Faculty of Medicine A irlangga University 2015
Indeks Cairan Amnion (ICA) Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI)
Faculty of Medicine A irlangga University 2015
MINGGU
PERSENTIL 2,5
PERSENTIL 5
MEDIAN
PERSENTIL 95
PERSENTIL 97
16
7,3
7,9
12,1
18,5
20,1
17
7,7
8,3
12,7
19,4
21,1
18
8,0
8,7
13,3
20,2
22,0
19
8,3
9,0
13,7
20,7
22,5
20
8,6
9,3
14,1
21,2
23,0
21
8,8
9,5
14,3
21,4
23,3
22
8,9
9,7
14,5
21,6
23,5
23
9,0
9,8
14,6
21,8
23,7
24
9,0
9,8
14,7
21,9
23,8
25
8,9
9,7
14,7
22,1
24,0
26
8,9
9,7
14,7
22,3
24,2
27
8,5
9,5
14,6
22,6
24,5
28
8,6
9,4
14,6
22,8
24,9
29
8,4
9,2
14,5
23,1
25,4
30
8,2
9,0
14,5
23,4
25,8
31
7,9
8,8
14,4
23,8
26,3
32
7,7
8,6
14,4
24,2
26,9
33
7,4
8,3
14,3
24,5
27,4
34
7,2
8,1
14,2
24,8
27,8
35
7,0
7,9
14,0
24,9
27,9
36
6,8
7,7
13,8
24,9
27,9
37
6,6
7,5
13,5
24,4
27,5
38
6,5
7,3
13,2
23,9
26,9
39
6,4
7,2
12,7
22,6
25,5
40
6,3
7,1
12,3
21,4
24,0
41
6,3
7,0
11,6
19,4
21,6
42
6,3
6,9
11,0
17,5
19,2
Faculty of Medicine A irlangga University 2015
Sumber : Moore TR, Cayle JE. The amniotic fluid index in normal human pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 162:1168,1990
Faculty of Medicine A irlangga University 2015
Oligohidramnion
Faculty of Medicine A irlangga University http://community.babycenter.com/post/a21059445/low_amniotic_fluid 2015
Polihidramnion
http://sonoworld.com/fetus/p Faculty of Medicine A irlangga University age.aspx?id=2217 2015