Karya Sastra Perancis Abad 19.id - en [PDF]

Citation preview

Literature of France Madame Bovary and Comparative Reception in France and Indonesia Muhammad Tifal Nawwafin 1. preliminary



authors who are interested in it is



Madame Bovary is a novelworks



Gustave Flaubert. He took the reality



of Gustave Flaubert, a writer bloody



of what happened in the French



French, first published in 1856 or in



society at the time of making his



the 19th century. This novel is



work as a guide Madame Bovary.



considered a reformer of French



Therefore, literature Madame Bovary



literature from the romantic era



regarded as mimesis or depictions of



monotony royalty obeying language



life at that time.



into postivisme period realism that



This work brings social change at



connects truth and nature so that the



the time of publication. At that time,



literary works not only with fantasy



Gustave Flaubert's Madame Bovary



and imagination but something real.



as the author of the law caught for



There are 3 large flow of French



violating the norms prevailing in



literature in the 19th century is



society



Romanticism, Positivism realism and



Flaubert to describe the degradation



idealism



of values in society by recording the



simbiolisme.



Author-



at



such



implement the footage to the literary



Baudelaire,



Emile



Flaubert, Zola,



and



Alexandre Dumas.



in



Gustave



fact



Gustave



occur



time.



penagarang famous at that time as



that



that



society



and



works of Madame Bovary. Different



cultures,



ways



of



The transition from romanticism



thinking, and a publication of literary



towards realism positivism occurred



works for the discrepancies between



in the 1850s in which something that



the public reception Indonesia and



is real is the subject of interest to be



France. The reception difference is a



used as a literary work. One of the



matter that needs to be investigated.



The



goal



was



to



determine



differences in the function of this



that requires artifacts or originals that can support the research.



literary work in French society and



The study is based on literary



the people of Indonesia through the



criticism is not only viewed from the



work of Madame Bovary translation.



perspective of the individual but from the perspective of the prevailing view



2. Reception Theory of Literature



of society at a particular time.



Literary reception is a notion that



Through this research, it can be



makes the reader as the respondent



seen opposition from the prevailing



as one of the factors to criticize a



view in society with the idea or



literary work.



innovation expressed by the authors



At the reception of literature, the reader has an important role in the



through literary works. 3. Comparison



reception



in



study, because the readers are



France and Indonesia



people who read, enjoy, assess, and



There are differences in the



take advantage of a literary work. A



public reaction to the publication of



text has open spots that occur due to



Madame Bovary in French literature



the asymmetric nature of literature



and Indonesia through the work of



and the reading process is to fill the



translation. This can occur due to



open spots. If the reader can fill in



different



the



perspectives,



open



spaces



of



the



then



communication between literary text



ways



of



cultures,



thinking, and



a



publication of literary works.



and the reader can be achieved and



Differences in people's reaction is



it is central to the theory of literary



evidence that there are differences



reception.



between the French public reception



In this paper the authors utilize



and Indonesia. How a novel can



the terms ktitik penilitian literature for



bring revolution in French literature



Madame Bovary is a literary work of



while in Indonesia is not too big



the past so it does not allow the use



influence on literary style that is used



of experimental research method



at this time.



Differences reception in France



people



with



writing.



Therefore,



and Indonesia is an interesting thing



Madame Bovary is something new in



to discuss because to know why



the future society that is considered



these differences occur it can be



as a revolutionary literary work.



seen also why literary Madame



In



the



early



days



of



the



Bovary can bring a revolution and a



publication of the novel Madame



change in the time of publication. In



Bovary in 1856, this work reap a big



addition,



controversy because of



it



is



known



also



the



Gustave



perspective and culture of French



Flaubert with his work is considered



society at that time to happen furor



in violation of the norms prevailing in



at



society.



a



time



when



literature



was



published.



Controversial



novel



Madame



Bovary dragged its author, Gustave 3.1. Reception Madame Bovary in French Novel considered



Flaubert, to be prosecuted in court in 1857. Gustave Flaubert considered



Madame as



Bovary



one



of



is



damaging norms prevailing in society



the



at that time. He described vividly the



revolutionary work at the time of



events



publication. The novel is regarded as



disgrace, even as it as something



mimesis or imitation of life in his time



natural



because realistically depicts how life



Flaubert can twist all the charges



at that time. Gustave Flaubert made



against him. He can convince the



observations on the events and



public and the court that his work



circumstances of people's everyday



can make someone afraid to sin. The



lives. This is something new in those



fear of the burden of sin and a



days in the previous era is the era of



lifetime of regret will make one's life



romanticism. Works of literature in



on the right path. Thanks to his



the era of romanticism tends to



intelligence



contain



demands, Gustave Flaubert freed



about



fantasy



and



imagination and very rare writer who combines the reality that occurs in



sensual



but



with



in



regarded



smart



as



a



Gustave



breaking



from the law and found not guilty.



the



Charges of Gustave Flaubert is



menjunjung tinggi realisme. Tidak



inseparable from the role of the



mengherankan jika Gustave Flaubert



bourgeoisie in power at the time. A



diakui Bapak Kesusastraan Modern



people



hypocritical



a



dan banyak sastrawan besar seperti



corrupt



preacher,



that



Kafka, James Joyce, Vargas Llosa,



dominates the capitalist regime and



dan masih banyak lagi menyatakan



have the ability to produce in other



diri



words people are to enjoy the luxury,



Gustave Flaubert.



wealth



and



Flaubert



in



moral a



clan



privileged. his



but



sebagai



pewaris-pewaris



Gustave



attack



of



the



3.2. Resepsi Madame Bovary di



bourgeoisie as the main character,



Indonesia



Emma Bovary, having an affair with



Terjemahan



her



friends



who



is



also



the



Karya



Melalui



terjemahan



Karya



Madame



bourgeoisie. The bourgeoisie is also



Bovary yang berjudul Nyonya Bovary



demanding for a literary work that is



terbit pertama kali di Indonesia pada



considered to attack their families,



tahun 2016, tahun terbit yang sudah



but because the case is also novel



terlampau lama sekali dari pertama



Madame Bovary into a hard sell



kali novel ini diterbitkan pada tahun



because besides selling the storyline



1856.



that's new at the time, is also selling



berpengaruh



novel sensation of cases of Gustave



resepsi masyarakat Indonesia dan



Flaubert.



Perancis



Novel Madame Bovary mendapat



Perbedaan



waktu



kepada



pada



penerbitannya



di



ini



perbedaan



masa



awal



abad



ke-19.



respon atau tanggapan yang luas di



Masyarakat Indonesia di tahun 2016



Perancis pada masa penerbitannya.



sudah banyak disuguhkan cerita-



Selain mendapat respon dari kaum



cerita



yang



karena



seorang istri dan seorang wanita



dianggap dengan berani mengkritik



yang menikah dengan orang yang



atau menyerang gaya hidup mereka,



tidak dicintainya sehingga respon



novel ini juga mendapat pengakuan



masyarakat Indonesia tidak seheboh



dari para sastrawan besar yang



respon masyarakat Perancis pada



berkuasa



saat



itu



semacam



perselingkuhan



abad ke-19 dimana hal-hal tersebut



Indonesia lebih mengenal khazanah



masih tabu untuk dibicarakan karena



kesusastraan dunia.



dianggap sebagai sebuah aib yang harus ditutupi.



4. Kesimpulan



Minat baca masyarakat Indonesia yang



masih



rendah



mempengaruhi



reaksi



juga



Madame



Bovary



mendapat



karya



tanggapan besar di Perancis pada



sastra terjemahan Nyonya Bovary.



masa awal penerbitannya namun



Pada



tanggapan



umumnya



dari



Dapat disimpulkan karya sastra



yang



membaca



tersebut



cenderung



karya sastra ini hanyalah sastrawan-



bersifat negatif sehingga menyeret



sastrawan



yang



penulisnya Gustave Flaubert untuk



penelitian



terhadap



berurusan dengan hukum. Karya



mahakarya



Bapak



Indonesia



melakukan sebuah



Kesusastraan



Modern,



Gustave



sastra



ini



dianggap



norma-norma



melanggar



masyarakat



dan



Flaubert, sedangkan hanya segelintir



cendrung menyerang kaum borjuis



masyarakat



yang memiliki kekuasaan.



Indonesia



yang



membaca bahkan yang tahu tentang karya revolusi sastra Perancis ini. Walaupun tidak terjadi perubahan



Karya Madame Bovary disambut dengan positif oleh para sastrawan Indonesia.



Karya



ini



dianggap



besar pada aliran sastra Indonesia



sebagai sebuah karya besar dan



akibat



Nyonya



sudah menjadi milik kesusastraan



Bovary, penerjemahan karya sastra



dunia namun karena minat baca



Madame Bovary tetap merupakan



masyarakat



hal yang tepat untuk dilakukan. Hal



maka penikmat karya sastra ini



tersebut



dilakukan



kebanyakan adalah para sastrawan



karena karya sastra Madame Bovary



atau pelajar sastra dan hanya sedikit



telah membawa perubahan besar



masyarakat biasa yang membaca



pada masanya dan karya sastra ini



novel



juga sudah menjadi milik sastra



penerjemahan



dunia sehingga



merupakan suata langkah yang tepat



karya



terjemahan



tepat



untuk



penerjemahannya



tepat dilakukan agar masyarakat



masih



ini.



untuk dilakukan.



relatif



Namun karya



rendah



demikian sastra



ini



Terdapat perbedaan pula pada fungsi



karya



sastra



ini



bagi



3/2001.



Yogyakarta:



Gajah



Mada University Press



masyarakat Perancis dan Indonesia. Di



Perancis



karya



sastra



ini dan



Mojokertoensis. Madame Bovary -



menyindir masyarakat yang saat itu



Gustave Flaubert. September



telah



30,



digunakan



untuk



banyak



mengkritik



menyimpang



dari



2010.



norma-norma yang benar khususnya



http://pojokbukubuku.blogspot.



kaum



di



com/2010/09/madame-bovary-



ini



gustave-flaubert.html



borjuis.



Indonesia,



Sementara



karya



sastra



digunakan sebagai pedoman untuk membandingkan suatu karya sastra, Teeuw, A. 1984. Literature and



bahan penelitian sampai hiburan. Masih



banyak



cara



untuk



meresepsi karya sastra Madame



Literary



Studies.



Central



Jakarta: World Pustaka Jaya



Bovary dalam berbagain perspektif. Dengan



banyaknya



resepsi



dari



berbagai perspektif, diharapkan hal tersebut



dapat



wawasan



bagi



memperluas pembaca



dan



Sastranesia.



Gustave



Flaubert,



Father of Modern Literature. December



24,



2014.



http://sastranesia.com/gustave



peminat karya sastra Indonesia.



-flaubert-bapak-kesusastraanmodern/ Susanto Hadi. Literary Reception DAFTAR PUSTAKA Hariti,



Siti.



2001.



Karya



Theory and Application. March



Sastra



26,



2017.



Perancis Abad ke-19 Madame



https://bagawanabiyasa.wordpr



Bovary



ess.com/2017/03/26/teori-



dan



Indonesia,



Resepsinya Dalam



di



Jurnal



Humaniora, Volume XIII, No.



resepsi-sastra-danpenerapannya/



Riungsastra. Receptions Literature (Theory



and



Methods



of



Implementation). August 4th, 2012. https://riungsastra.wordpress.c om/2012/08/04/resepsi-sastrateori-dan-metodepenerapannya/



Soeratno, Siti. 2001. The reception Literature and Its Problems, In Literature Methodology.



Research Yogyakarta:



Graha Hanindita Widiya