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Chinese-English Pages [150]
THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
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I-SSOXS. IN
HLHMKXTARY WEN-LI
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PREPARED FOR THE CHINA INLAND MISSION
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PL
PREFACE,
THESE Lessons have been dra\vn up with a view to lielp students of Chinese who know some Mandarin, and who are desirous of
commencing
the study of Wenli.
INTRODUCTION. One
of the most
this
during
generation
noticeable changes introduced into China is
the creation of a
new
style of writing,
and a new terminology.
The example of Japan, and
the opening of the world to travel,
led many Chinese students to not only visit foreign countries, but to live in them and acquire the education to be obtained in their
have
Colleges and
Universities.
The
result
is
that an ever-increasing
home as graduates of the various seats of learning in the West. Some of these scholars have kept up their Chinese studies and some have not, but in each case they have new ideas and new thoughts which struggle to find adequate expression. Failnumber
return
ing to find such terms as they need ready-made for their purpose, they have coined new ones, and so have done to the Chinese tongue
what has been done
to the English language,
words, phrases, and terms. politics, science, trade,
The impact of
religion,
etc.,
is
i.e.,
enriched
it
with
foreign intercourse in
thus showing
in
itself
the
creation of a terminology in these various subjects, which twenty or thirty years ago would have been regarded as barbarous and
uncouth, but which
The reason
is
for this
to-day freely used in political and other circles. that many are literal, or nearly literal, trans-
is
lations of foreign terms.
Other things that have helped forward this movement have been the inauguration of a Republic, and the introduction of the modern newspaper. This latter was first in the field, but under the
sway of
the
Manchus was published
in
the Treaty Ports only,
editors could say their say unmolested.
a republican
the introduction of
form of government, papers have sprr.rg up
hand and express will
With
be
their views unchecked; but
for the ultimate
where
whether
lit )j jfif jl IsJ |''f Jn Mandarin ft is usually reinforced by {, vicinity) of Yuan-sh'i-k'ai's dwelling. as at the beginning of the Mandarin text. This is usually the equivalent of $j; in Mandarin. In many cases 2. ft all. it does not need to be translated, its function being to indicate the plural e.g. -Jr. ]^ the military ...... See below Jfe )f '\f ft the local officials ..... ft- is used in a -f^r see helo\v fj- j ft YJ" 'Jf ii$ there is similar sense, separated from ft by the noun
W%
W
^
ft
is
which
t
in
:c
^ W&
;
^
;
:
fightincr
everywhere:
common
this is a
'.instruction
and
illustrates th
fact that
it
too may be used to express the plurnl i*i certain connections, instead of merely retaining its distributive force: cp. luiglisb. 'each and all.' This word is often used not only of mere ability ,}. fj^ have been able to. or potentiality, but also of actual performance. to occur to take place. 4. ^t-; To beget from law-abiding subjects to rebels; hence, to revolt; to 5- 12 To change ;
;
rebel.
#/
fj{ j's
^
not
^7"
-n^ccl
t
00 ^
(-'
^
ncn d
makin
for :
llot enlist,
nails.
good 2 ran
LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENLI.
7 *o
A
ft
it tit ft it
ft
tit
ft
IE
*
'1
The outbreak shi-kai's residence,
of this evening started in the vicinity of Yuanand we are convinced that he is apprehensive of
danger.
The heavens were city
:
fire
broke out
Some
in
foreigners
lighted up by the fire from all parts of the one part of the Forbidden City also.
who
resided outside the Legation Area were far, the mutineers have
unable at once to take refuge there, but, so shewn no sign of enmity to foreigners.
1. %_ This is a character constantly used in the book style, and is chameleonlike in its manifold meanings and usage in some connections it defies grammatical :
of, or belonging analysis. Here it is the equivalent of ftfy as a sign of the genitive to Other examples of its use T* $ ;/! jf$ |$| the origin of this evening's calamity. in this sense may be found below: T(JS =fi those of the foreigners who the aspect of terror; ^S resided; |B$ ffr IS the origin of the mutiny; and sc on. ,
2. 3-
$
from which motion
that
%
ft
A
^
.
.
^
issues, hence, the origin or
moving
cause.
J& see above.
as here used, often indicates a state or condition 1(\ |%r is in a position of peril. See below ~4\ Vn ill -- tE -f.^ n a position to control the disorder. So r Li is in trouble; f(| /f At ii he is in frequently in Mandarin, e g. Y) a position of wealth and influence. 4.
~fa
"-ft"
'
^
A
^^
'
^
-
One feature of \\ en-li is the use of nouns as verbs, usually sense to the meaning erf the noun. Here, it is a short step between a candle and to illuminate. So with ^cf a crown, read in the fourth tone, ~t.
fej]
candle.
in a closely related (-
3) 6.
to
crown.
^ Also.
A
partick- used in the
hook
style
corresponding
to
-tfl
as indicating
something additional.
Q One
')
of ,-fr jS
fr
rfn
n
had no other desire. had the reputation of being a diligent student. HfJ when every Sunday came round every Sunday. 3. $}: but often used for the first day, Sunday. * 1.
"fife
2.
$fc
ift
.
.
.
.
.
?$ hence he
.
!-.
I'fi
a week,
in
nothing niggard!}'; very open-handed. in this manner. 6. !R JB the head of the School pleased with his ability, appointed him as is largely used under the new regime as a designation of School Assistant. has often, as here, an active sense = officers or those in charge. Ik his possessive 4.
*F.
5-
ill
.
t^f
.
.
Q.
^ h'kc this
.
.
.
;
^
$. refers to the place or person in question ft. % the school. &E ... fill obtaining a salary he glj then, accordingly JU used it to ...... 8. 2fc excellent; tip-top tils in the end graduated with honours !'J[ grade f{-. 2j finished studies 41 finished; in the end; finally; see below ?'{. || [i in the end stated that .....
to act as
;
;
7.
.
.
9.
j*
"^-'
ff confidential secretary.
12.
H
ft
"ft
13-
ft
14.
fll
The Triad
Society
Heaven, Earth, and Man.
# not c ^- as indicating a class /?
jffi
.
from
this (fact)
the wealthy ft V'V ^j the poo". hence ..... but .... were jealous of
.
.
l
merely an English, not a Portuguese diploma.
him. i* ^ af
*5- f'.
writing 16.
a diplomn. i{l
.
.
.
->
crimpel
him
to give
up his practic
See Mandarin Primer, P
10
704.
i2 15
evidence
LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENLJ.
& JK m m us IP
n 1.
'}ome land, as here gfc 4.
which
;
employed before verbs fi that which was
it ra
ii m.
a
\ Z"
>
3-0 ft 55
S
W a T
Uff!
is
7o*fl 0*
,m
fr
it
E
ift
it
si
T^
&
soldiers would be disbanded. Rations had issued to and been but demanded were not them, already they pay, the to command to cut off the willing" obey queue.
and that ere long the
When the disturbance was at its height, the city police let matters take their course, and made no attempt to check them; hence the disturbance assumed a serious aspect, and it was impossible to rectify matters. After the mutiny started, the Legation guards went into the city without delay to protect the missionaries and escort
%
So 18 =it ^ n ^'s and similar connections -$ forms part of the noun. often helps to form abstract nouns: e.g. $3 antiquity; ;=$ ^g- perfection; nature etc. !
used f/J:
^
it
-ft
;
^
one consists of 200 men. Four or body of 800 men twice this number a i^5 or body of 1,600 men while twice this number again form a $t 3,200 men (see below f/|5 ~f An > is formed of two ]$, each of which is composed of 100 men, s$ pf|[). while each )^ is composed of four $] or squad of 25 men.
According
2.
times this
to present arrangements,
^
number form a
;
;
3.
$J indicating approximate future
4-
3?
5.
H and further.
ffi.
it
to.
^
55 has nearly the force of 'to obey' cp. take orders. 35 usually carries the thought of lack of submission owing to some real or fancied indignity.
6.
with
was about
they.
7-
;
1 If'S i'
the 4th tone
to permit
;
to allow.
a pro: oun largely used in the third person, he; them; etc., may be applied to things as well as persons, ard is not usually followed by any word to to take indicate the plural. ?j$ $fi suffered (the disturbances) to be natural their natural course. 8.
:fl;
.
9-
^
in.
jjV
?Jtl
j'-
S
PJt
.
.
did not add hindrance,
To gather
i.e.,
did nothing to hinder the rioters.
together; to repair; here, to put a stop to; to rectify
matters.
^
':!"
\ final particle adding force to what precedes, and indicating that ii. thought has been fully expressed. 14
WALKER ST.
LOUlJ
MO.
LESSONS IN EWiMJvNTARY
If 3" ^* fH B
4
If
I
J
-
I
l
M SB Dt ^W rti
Jw44
jn*
A%
t
3* at
tit
them
the
Legation Area. By 4 o'clock next morning all taken refuge in the Legation. Some soldiers proceeded to the churches and were stationed there to look after such missionaries as were unwilling to enter the Legations. This morning the Foreign Office sent an official to the different into
had
foreigners
Legations to apologize, and to say that merely a fe\v soldiers had mutinied on this occasion, and he would guarantee that there would be no further disturbance, etc. But why the 25,000 soldiers who r.
match
V!& '
%$blaze and issue; to flare up, applied to an outbreak; cp. apply the
to a train.
,v
-'K.
R. the next
-)t nothing you will not make good? i|Ij to repair; to make good.
II-
W
l.ut
.
.
.
LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY
WENU-
J*
A if
E,
ib
,
M
if
us tf-
!$.&
1.
sufficient 2.
Jil jE
Sun, owing to the fact that up to that time his influence was not
because. .
.
.
2
not what
may
be accomplished by students
it
cannot be brought
about by mere theorists.
i Jfil
l
^
3-
J&
4.
.i
Wi .
.
opinions
;
.
~/L
a class of desperate to
policy.
l Bismarckism 5-
M
6.
!...
7-
5
8.
?F
'!'
.
.
are indispensable.
it can be accomplished as $ nearly the equivalent of ism individualism etc. a policy of blood and iron (l^ interrogated him as to his reason for saying so.
As
a suffix
i
'
3$
is
;
;
Sun
r me to be as stupid as this. how could I adequately fill the
Ai
;
Jjb f
... ft .
men
embrace revolutionary principles before
#t
I
have decided on
post of leader?
a plan.
* willing to be a follower |fc fg to hold a whip; to be a S3 take a secondary place JU in order that I ...
9-
10.
-
.
.
Q{]
gressive
;
11.
.
$jj iiii
fifr 2S section. .
.
will make preparations to go forward jg ft to to make preparations in advance.
groom
go forward
;
pro-
what our party hopes for
U
for,
is not the revolt ot Kwangtong only, an introductory particle, now etc. pjj $J ;# that which ;
for.
i^- 313 fi 1,3-
-
iS .
^ one
we hope
.
7 \".
singly stand
independent government. on the efforts of all the members
J] r ^ly entirely
of the party.
with the central revolutionary party, and with them be mutual in communication with the branches (of the party) J i|i jointly central ft main and branch blood vessels. 14.
7f
ft
f
will he
;
;
15.
JU at once. .
.
.
t'ii'i
;
^
fj/fc
A thereupon 6P so as to perfect.
deputed ten kindred spirits to perfect all arrangements. sign of the plural. (![) [1 the same day; ={$ all; here a
20
LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENLI.
2
M
P
rfn
&5 *J&gJRI
T ffl.lt
JiU
- :t A.ffl' m
^ IS
t
It
>isj
-it
E
a
by; indicates direction. i just at the time of the rupture between China and Japan i[ |jft just happened when foreign intercourse #i 5^ decided to break; disagreeft ment; rupture; used of breaking off friendly relations. often may be translated when at the time ;.$!*;$...$ when 3. J&. and t came to the point that when fighting seemed imminent .... 4. ft here is in correspondence with ~fo ft Jk. {& '$( then Sun returned to Kwangtong. 1.
[ft
2.
'23
.
.
.
.
.
.
;
i
;
ii Hi
;
.
.
.
;
:
&!&
.
.
.
-
-
.
-
.
.
he still entrusted all preparations for the rising to his compatriots 5as before took and deputed them. JU joined 3$ the rising of patriotism fty 31 to some words can scarcely be translated, e.g., (jg JU able to fty A=ffy ft; etc. 6. }L }$ his brother was influenced by his talk.
W
jj
contributed the larger half of his property JU in order to. him from the (Chinese) merchants in America fS] indicates object Jfc lodging in America temporarily settled there. ~~ 0. ife in less than no time promises of help to the extent of several thousand taels were forthcoming [(! subscriptions. ft promise to subscribe what JO. ['| ... fIJ from this on funds for military purposes gradually came in. IT. ]p a final particle emphasizing what had gone before no mistake 3-i but Sun's determination to raise funds and import arms did not 7-
#1
8.
ft.
-fc
.
J^C
.
solicited contributions for
.
.
.
!
.
ffij"
.
.
fail. ii'f
[4.
province)
-
.
.
.
.
i'TI>
f9?,
own company in Kwangchow as an advisory body. own company would act in correspondence from within (the
to station his
bis
.
n
as the result root and branch. 15.
it
fa #
order
;
21
to
exterminate
LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENLI.
In 39 Rf
X
A.jlfc
ffi
i-
fct
2.
Tl
3.
i^l
,
iJ
^ to burn all .
.
.
.
.
.
registers of names,
and bury
all
explosives.
$ and then disguised himself.
^
inquired by letter for
Dr
was studying medicine, and informed him of
Cantlie, who was his teacher his changed circumstances,
instructor teacher, jjff @, #] Dr Cantlie, an authority on tropical diseases ducing the object his changed circumstances. ;
4.
^
5-
U
6.
.
.
.
pj
it is
indispensable that.
.
.
when he an
ffc
ff
J-U
intro-
.
* Japan.
$5 jS Yokohama.
7-
54:
8.
3
*
*'J
England.
E follows an enumeration of places as sign of
22
plural
;
see above
^
$>.
LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WKNLI.
LESSON
III.
gR
:
"ARMS AND THE MAN
^ ^
IE
#*
ffii
I
SING."
rfii
7,7, ffi
x
Gf >r>
^^ ^^ ^^ if, ^sc->-^g^\ ^xu\yu
iE
^ I* A
ft itt>*ji
&.
i*
1C
J
rfti i
if
f!5 ffi
5
A
Talk About Soldiers.
1. The temper of soldiers is easy to arouse but difficult to allay. Hence, after the troops mutinied in Peking on the 29th, they again mutinied on the ist. The mutineers entered Paoting (Fu) and there was mutiny there they went to Tientsin and the same thing occurred. The train service between Peking and Tientsin was commandeered by them the district between these two places is a ;
;
breath; spirit; temper. A word that takes on numberless shades of connections here, the spirit that animates troops their temper. This whole paragraph is an interesting study in the use and force 2. jfij but. of this word. As may be seen below, it often serves as a vehicle for connecting In the last clause it is the equivalent a train of thought, much as and in English. of -til at the same time H. and marks a stage in the progress of thought ffjj notwithstanding the fact that the two sets of soldiers were animated by different i-
.^4
in different
meaning
:
'
'
;
flii
motives 3-
.
.
.
.
.
.
1*4
force of 'on
M
from ... ~/L ffii as applied to time, i.e., .
'
.
and f=flj to arrive, has often after when such and such a time had arrived. .
.
.
.
the
A
a 'id below jjT ft:. It is difficult and perhaps unnecessary to bring out 4- EC the force of jJC in a translation, but it illustrates the power of the language to characterize an action, and stamp it as good, bad, or indifferent. See Les>n II. ft. ... I'M by them that which was forcibly taken -was forcibly taken by 5. ,l
&
them. 6.
-f{;
.
.
.
1
'I
in
midst of; often, as here, indicates a condition, or state of
affairs.
Mk
-"%
ift 3f
Quarrels cannot escape public opinion.
tJie
rcrdict oj
3
LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY
-
ttJS
'>J v
-f
"-J
^^
^Cffii
k*i fef
ra
j
*
9k ft
til
VJ*
ft
T\*? -1
4t6l
A
*
tt
m rfii
H
3?
M
I
(ft
*
ffii
A ft and the city of Peking itself is almost in a state of siege by lawless soldiery. This mutiny is much the same as the revolutionary movement in the South last year, but the one set of soldiers mutinied from patriotic motives, the other from motives of personal All the same, the principle that soldiers are easily aroused gain. and not easily got in hand is identical. Now the explanations given for the mutiny in the North vary. Some say it was because they heard that President Yuan was coming South others that it was because of the removal of the queue some battle field,
;
;
that it was owing to deficiency in the rations some that it was for fear that the number of troops would afterwards be reduced, and ;
others again that they were egged on by the Imperial Clan. Although the explanations vary as to what gave rise to the disturbances, and though there (may have been) causes for them, l
$k
-
-T-
~-%k
almost; nearly; rendered
in the
Mandarin translation by
R& ^*
perilously near. 2. $$ iiS{ nearly as *c Wcn-li shews great partiality for S| no difference. finishing up a sentence with a negative when Mandarin would use a positive form, as here |$. .
3.
1$ used for
4.
-
translated.
-
W
$.
:X~
an
6.
^
-ft
7-
$
.
*fi
.
.
only; but. "e a rhetorical particle not needing to be $ fl'J on account of A" i& great ratriotism. -
U'J
flfr
W
initial particle,
what
said
now.
by way of explanation repeated before successive clauses some fti President of a Republic. is
;
^ .
not the same. .
.
others.
LKSSONS IN IvIvKMHNTAUV WKNIJ.
*
A
W
it
m m A % m
ft 9k
s
T
s
$^
ft
*,*
*M
K)
cannot
\ve
4& ^ 1&
ft'-W
*,*.
E
tft
still
-
j.
j^et
out of
mere pretexts for
that these \vere
it
creat-
ing trouble.
As is
Imperial Clan egging (the soldiers) on. their power and it is out of the question that it should he as great as would say that the true cause was doubtless that the soldiers
to the
limited,
this.
1
were absolutely devoid of instruction. Since the revolution began, the officers in command have been constantly changed. When the soldiers were lace to lace with the revolutionary torces. their desire to kill others was aroused and they became exceedingly overbearing. T.
/$ to cut cut or nff
:
IKMKV, to reduce.
ami although sums up the still, yet. although whole and introduces the conclusion to be drawn. no yetting out of it. 3- 'f %"cannot avoid 4- fi!f *!& t" avail oneself of an extremity -used of disturbances ,U"t up on -'.
?:{(!
... ${...
.
jfij
.
.
.
.
.
j[|j
;
some pretext or 5-
r
o.
\',l
/. '^
' emphasis. -li"ft fcr itii'j^ a> to,
.
.
i-i'i
.
.
.
|
("like this of Ljreat. ft
]^.
in thi>
manner,
.
W
;iJ
pa^cd
revolution since
the
m red. 10.
.]
;*ft
,'^_
descriptive.
e.\pre>siu;; the opinion of the writer of the article,
nppMM.d rampart^
;
to taee the toe.
from the tune th-
rf\oluti"ii
LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENLI.
JSl
W -
Jft
ft
P
fit
jfn
A
^ J* A^,^ A ^ A It
Tfli
E
rfn
-f&
H,
ffii
A, A
A
tf
& *i
m
loot,
ffB
ft
in the fighting at
Formerly allowed to
f^
which was just
Hankow and
to their liking.
elsewhere, they were Among the Northern
troops it was generally said that the Southern soldiers were easily roused; consequently, a deep-seated desire was indulged that righting would continue. Unexpectedly hostilities ceased, peace (was proclaimed) and every one was disappointed. Hence there was imported both the talk about being egged on, and the pretext for a disturbAll this was brought about owing to the fact that the officers do not know that the temper of the troops is a thing to be feared. Now the temper of the troops is like the wind act in conformity with its nature, and utilize it in the right way, and you may spread your sail and travel a thousand miles without hindrance act con-
ance.
;
!
8S
2.
#J
3-
ij
4- i& 5-
JTti
$1 plundered that which they obtained; all
;
=J
^ in
all
said
^ easy to arouse. A hence f" @ .
.
.
bring about, cause superior
j'n
was
it
.
i.e.,
were allowed
to loot.
the general talk.
obtained because of this
and thus was brought about
im
this account.
JU indicates the
means used
to
fjf
certain results; ;. the foregoing.
... Pit one not that hindered no one respect.
not the slightest hindrance
26
;
cp.,
fer
pfj -Ji
UvSSOXS IX KMvMEXTARY
ft IE 4ig *$ Jit,*
ft
J
fi
*vS
Hw
i)^
&^
*
}*i^
x ^
+
\VT\XTJ.
^|^
*^^
i_J
I
wJ
*
I
\
^ s
jio^i
(>***
ft&
ft II
Xi
J
-
J;/> \fi
K
ft
t
IE its nahirc and fail to utilize it in the ri^ht \vay, and you are The within measurable distance of having your craft overturned. temper of the troops in the North, having no outlet, has shewn itself in this excess of lawlessness. The cause of this outburst is, however, trifling, and there being no great name ("to act as) a bond of union it will easilv spend itself, and may simply be styled a mutiny Still it is to be hoped that the authorities will doing no great harm. deal with it in a suitable manner, and within ten days it will settle
trnry to
itself. '
-
nj JA
i'i
I1(1
e.g., lie
\
.v
'f/.
4-
'{>...
>
\i&.
a
'if.
l
he
may
?
rallying cry,
dynasty,
?$
fe-
t "i)
Hi
^
('. i\\
^-"nie
room
in a
\vill
not had .....
meet you
in a
^
may
means of coarse
nf-^-h'iw
re>iiect.
11.
till
JI did not expect to
.
lln's
tea
do?
that
strange land. avail to I
l'-a. 1
wrieil building.
several li'itu> of; a long'time.
28
may
fijl
.
slu-w
.
.
'[^
shew the
my good
sincer-
wishes and
WESSONS IN KUvMKNTARY WKNTJ. rifc
a
ffi
ft
f
i
fe
ij
W B,S&
ft
WM
II
M
era
%>
Jfc
jib
^
0,^ ^ 3
ftf
Bf ,0
^
A A ^ J1S
t
jHs JKl
m
in
jlfc
^
IS
^
ft
ffli
ifi
75
i. ttU he thereupon (found that) it was the Chinese Embassy in iil England. 5l =:i>t H! England. In the transliteration of the names of places, the first character often stands for the whole. .
.
.
-. T& am I after all taken prisoner by them? fit nia .v he either singular or plural according to the connection, -^j- is chiefly used in the singular. 5^ a class; 3. 5'i SJ8 with the professor's wife and others, or family. kind is a sign of the plural here. So in we etc. .
.
.
.
.
.
^
^^
;
4.
.
jig
.
E
.
distant
from
.
.
.
near,
i.e., is
;
not far from.
{$ ... fa what will you do? $L %' the slaves, a term used in speaking of the Manchus. 7ffi Sun knew by this time the nearness of the professor's house it was not far away. 5-
f>-
M
knew
8- #S -& nevertheless, because he was not acquainted with the topography of London, he found at last that the previous 'chaff had turned now into a reality. #i here=*i jfn nevertheless :*$ as used above indicates assent that is so. 2fc with suddenly. iBc because of, owing to the fact that, he was not familiar bad brought about, caused. |g )& bad turned into, had ti finally, in the end {. resulted in. after verbs has often the force of in into. .
.
W
.
.
.
.
,
;
9.
3C;
Q
Hil
;
in a
short time.
ro.
}'fc
thou
IT.
-?f
...'{& because
;
thee
;
you
;
not very frequently used in current Wen-li. received a telegram from the Chinese Embassy in
we
t$ America. J
--
13-
JB
3
fiSf
apprehend without delay. A (the old man) spoke in a way that shewed contempt.
I,KSSONS IX KT.KMKNTARV
3
^a g
JSl
H
ffi
ilJ&
m A 75 ^ w SI A 3?pt ,M
aH 4
?5c
ffi
la.
/v J:r& im
ft
i
*/v *fe
-??r
t
us
F-l*
it =? -a. ft
A
presented a petition to the Emperor. 2. it Jf the words (of the petition) were of "Teat value, so the Emperor has commanded that you should be returned to your native land, and make your scheme clear, lif! much very, jiff /)' much had were of great f^ f^ value. and became more than ever conscious of the danger of his posi31.
J:
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
?(?
;
U
tion
s'i?
^
more and more. 4-
nf'i
to stand
3/.
^h after
5-
!'
6.
!$...#...
on the lookout, like a wile! goose. all there was no means of communicating with the outside
world. -ill the " I1C who deceived Sun. and so got him into the Legation $c shews the result of ^. When ii is inadvisable to give a person's is used instead.
was one T'ang.
name
in
it
a it
^
in full 7.
E
8.
ffi\
.
9-
~Ji.
ll\\
'' c without regret. ?$ like a monkey with a bridle on. China. Largel\- used in Chinese newspa])ers and in books written
tJl
.
.
(
Japan.
for
1
10.
|,'',
It.
,'S>
12.
^ ...
him
.
.
.
.
.
.
J1?. "|lj"
^j"
took no notice of him.
thought about it constantly. ... flj huped that amour.- the passers-by someone would deliver
to Dr. Cantlie.
7 13. ffl; n ... T ; W ... but because an (Miijity letter would not carry far. he used JK i|i wrap])c(l copper coin. V substantial, here used as a verb, to fill; to load up in it. 14. kn ," # i'l this way. a silver coin and ilnnc; it as before. 1^- $. li'( he then wrapi>cd up
KUiMKNTAKY WKNU-
vSSONS IN
ffi
s
ft *U
3
iiJt
tin
.
#K
*&z&j&m =?
US il\*f
%.
4
in
E
S3'?* 2.
19;
^^-h IS m ft m &
si
A 1.
K
2.
^ owing to the
3-
t
.
.
.
f;ij
MC
but, notwithstanding, not
from
fact that this
.
.
one reached Dr. Cantlie.
.
on they guarded him much more closely.
J
attitude
towards. 4.
S?
5-
-/I/I
6.
fin
.
.
.
If" .
.
.
v/hcre his hopes
ijj
devise
some means of doing away with him.
aching heart and drooping head despondent. and so it should come about that he would be buried
were
blasted.
in a
land
LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENL1.
U
LESSON IV.
IS
"TSMMY" TURNED DOWN.
at ai
t
The Northern Expeditionary Force Cancelled by the Vice-President.
A before
from the Generalissimo of the forces. Formerly of the Manchus, for the reason that the
notification
abdication
the
Northern
army
regarded our army as
naturally
to
(existing)
1. second in command, hence 'vice.' The iirst Vice-President of the Chinese Republic, Li-yuan-hung 3g 7!' $t. 2. fJc an expedition openly prepared, in contrast with Hi a secret attack. 3. $Sj 0& These two characters begin and end the preamble to many official notifications, such as proclamations; and are also employed in some forms of official reply, petitions, etc. Between them ma}' lie a simple or elaborate form of words setting forth as a preamble the subject in hand. Such documents begin with the name of the writer, followed, if need be, by his title or titles. This at least was the case under the old regime, but it would almost appear from certain official documents issued under the Republic, that official titles will be more or less discontinued. is now largely used and appears to be a word intended to reduce titles The word and ranks to something nearer a common denominator, on the principle of priority on account of 4$ a matter then follow the character and details among equals. of the 'matter' inserted in an explanatory way between them. f$ to announce );n lj
.
.
.
^
.
;
to
know
to
make known.
4- fii! i?f These words art- usually found at the beginning of proclamations, and may be translated 'whereas ;' 'be it known.' Then follows a detailed account
of the matter in hand. for the reason. Here again characters that serve as 5. J5 tS connectives, linking the thought, are separated by a long distance, and the matters to which they refer are sandwiched between them. JS on account of jf f| overturnalter and evil j& ;fr government fy i ing 81 ffi Manchurian Pure (dynasty; |$j people's establish, i.e., change the old regime and set up perfect 3$ >fll united the reason or object the reason was all that lies between kingdom republic JQ the overthrow of the Manchus and establishment of a Republic. {# fjij and *{
&
.
.
.
;'
*,'
^
&
l,j
A
$1 if
^
H.
n horse
If a ninn is is
lean
poor /us
its liair
is
i
long,
is
short
KI.KMKNTAKY WKXJ.I.
I,KSSO\S IN
it
A'J
a K
it
J, B
^
*
IJ I ft MM
1
'
;^
-tt
JHl. *^
./"
sift
a K
Mancliu \o\ -eminent and establish in it> place perfect l\e]>ul.)lic. \\ e were apprehensive tliat the ]>eace Accordingly we swore that we negotiations would prove abortive. would send an expedition to the Xurth, in the hope that we should thoroughly exterminate (the Manchns) and reali/e our aim of a ihc (lctc^tal)K'
n\orthro\\'
(
a
united Republic.
however, the Republic is an accomplished tact: the I' resand there is no division between Xorth and South. Since the hopes our army had of having a united government are peacefully reali/ed. and al>!e.lh
ffi
Sf
j! it
m
=f
ffi
..K
ii.nt is
iili
Confinement.
in
f,'j'
JE
If
$(,
ft a
l>elie\er in religi"'
1
.
stage e.juld dn nothing but pray c. nitinuallx I'/ entiivh ip.tr. "Ineing the ..lijed 'i r=r life f|
tin's
.
-
sj;
.
.
.
.iV
all.
if-
]'
banded.
Oi.d. i!j
]Sn Vl r >
^
rJ 7.
-
'
.
.
{(IJ
7
-
L
.
heart and .-pint at ea.se. t.i ihe .situation. calml> \\aited ih< disp, ,,j| i,,n- of 'rovidence.
siiddei dil'ferent fr.nn bis
if(
!!
.
.
'& and since In
i
f,
a
irmer attitude
I
LESSONS IX KL.KMKXTAKV
\VKXI.I.
am
zz tTBf
1*1 jfc "ft
M
$ it fiUfr H
Sn
S &M
W jg,ffi a HjS # h m % ft ft ft IK .-BJR A3S & V-^M z
A&
-ft
5^ & a
-f-
tig
A. v& xv h trratmoi'.t a'il sla'.i.ubtcr. hi -uol; i-onslrurtioii-, \\ heiv the inlliciion of puni^hni'.'in or injuru'S i< rcfiTv-d '.. -t i- vcr\ i-ouinioii for J'j to follow f/naml to '
7.
;".','
.
.
*"
f .'i^ o>min>M,l\ u->cd in tlu- -i-n-i- of. :iuiuidT
>
m ^,* *J
C
'
re -T I.
-'
i-.
^
ll )(
!.;':
In
'/?
_|.
||-'
^.
.
),'.
7.
i
.
.
.
.
If^
s j
S.
'{-
'I.
JV.
KI.
jTjj
i.
,'t?j
I
;UK! ihcri-iipfin .
nj'
.
.
.
.
.
.
,i^'
.
'"[
|Tij
-,'i'i
nni>t \\riu-
it
hniL: mi
\v;is ilci'rpdciit.
ilu-
hcd
;iny
3.
n
ciitrajnic'l h\
nn a^riit nf
\]-\
.
HI -U
i^.
f*i
suldiers.
t" the iit'iio-t in lu-lp Snn.
same time
.
.
.
an imi>Mrt;mt matti-r.
.
^1-
t"
it
was lie\Mnd
the
al>ilit\
\
hti.siness.
spieiall;.
i-iifiasi'od
thiiikiiiL;
that
(
t" liim
)
J7.
six detectives >nlel\
Sun had J'^
i,5j
t'
>
iin
'ill
.
|">litica!
t" ferret "in this tnatter.
means nf escape,
cnn-e'iueiiih did
CMiisider.
...']' issued a special ilhiMratk.n
i-'.
,o(K).i)oo
1x Wf
IM \vait (|ui\-t1y.
Iiiin-ii-lt"
\\a-
i
ffr ifu ^t |*
it.
mucli attenti'Mi ti.
ffi
ihan the siuvnur nf
littlr less
4.
'
a\
.
?Kl
ant t"
I
.
-i/L
m
the I,'.udiir pa|ier>. :
offender.
?t fi'i>m thi- time
tlii^ \\'as
made puMic
Sun'-- life
was
safi\
HI.I
I.KSSOXS IX
Kl.KMKXTARY WKXI.I.
LESSON
V.
jj!R
ft
%
WAYS AND MEANS.
t
A
a*
-'^J
O
ifti
*fr
$
B^ M
W
/
ft
Bf.fi r-i xC
'W.
j
iJ
AA
*i /\ A
Rff i
t/
*
*
A 11
Article on Finance.
The
fact that at the pre.-eni time China is hard up, j> kno\\ n At the time of the Revolution, there was a threat deficit in both public and private tund>. There was lo*,> bv burning, by while of the remainder, >ome \vas used for ])lunder. by robbery, purchasing arms. was greatly in excess of former expenditure, while, ofticials. at the same time, the income, on account of the disorders, \\ as ^reai\\orknien bein^ out of 1\- reduced. o\vin^ to merchants losing trade,
to
all.
l.Kssoxs T\
%k )& -rf y^* ^- TE
Av# & 777
yC*
.AJ^
HE
1.
_L.
KLKMKXTAKY wr.xu.
$K$c* ^vr
|ti
y^.
IR
If?
T^fv Jivl
^4
xs,
m Sf
To*
HMHF
pffl
XV
x B r*
T
Mi
m X M 2c M r/r.
/
1 )
1ft,
f fc '
a
Wi
1^1
T
# \H J
4 et
J
t 7
T a
aiul fanners liciii:^ deiirived of speaking of financial ^trails, ii trui\'
employment, I
Fence,
all
in
rti
^i
^
T" -1^ z>
HJ-
tlu-ir
may
ocenj)atie
elas>es arc affected.
At the ^ame time,
in
the present sitnatii'-n. the ne\\
Government
must he maintained; the Mildiei's that ha\e been enli>ted cannot be disbanded, and the demands of those \vh'> in different parts need innds. mn>l be adequately responded to. in order to avoid L;Tave u jiossible Hence, thin^ bein^ a> thev are. ho\\ disturbances. i-,
Li
-i
XV
|r- Jj .
-^
WoB
^
^T
I
J__T^
f
jtt
T
f'3
^ M m m, IE fa ^ ^ M -V
\VKM.I.
*
^^*^
K
X JS ft It' in * ^ M B ^ x' M. m m
^\
n
ai 31
hl
_^^
ffB
^
T
^-'^
T
KUiMKNTAKY
IN
J.lvSSONJS
Ht? rJ.iii
M
E9 Jft
t
4
^ I! ft
ttt
#
^
ffi
make
satisfactory arran^x iiK'iit> for the future \\ithout funds? since funds are indispensable, and there are none to IK- drawn froni either the upper r low or classes, there is only one way out
to
\o\\
j
.
of the dilemma, and that is to contract a foreign loan. On account of these things, to contract a foreign loan at the he lirsl present time ha- well ni^h become a pre^sin^ matter. item- before the Government established at Nanking are the tions of a l-'orei^'n Loan, the Hypothecation of the Man Yepint;- (works) and the Loan from the Russo-Chine.se l'>ank. On account of these things it has been more than once attacked on all sides by public The first items, too. before the opinion, and is in a dilemma. 'I.'
5-
anl
\\ Tin.-
i*;
il:i!i
1
small >nni-. i^alsn app!i'-'l ii MV/h a> tlu- Cu-ti MII-. rail\va\ s. f).
~.
l'-i
S.
;{r
i).
';%
ID. I,
"an
$i
|'
L |
in tin-
.
.
.
.
.
.
f
.
.
'"!' ?':'
.
fs.
/
iu-\\
if
1
1
i->
1
:
i'li'. nnnl> ailv:itiOf thai pnvrcK'.
(ii'iimit
in rrlo.'i-i-
...
\\urks art >iuiatc IB *
iTf
& ^ a
w
ir ri
zm
tf
* w
*
til
M
A mz
a
ft
when it makes a start, will be the questions loan from the Four Nations' Syndicate, the Loan, Foreign and the loan from the Sino-Belgian Bank. On account of this Government
of
at Peking,
a
there
(latter item)
also the protest of
is
foreigners:
(the Peking-
Government) will also he in a dilemma. So that the question of a At the present time, however, Foreign Loan is a very thorny one. no getting out of it. Still, with the desire to contract a Loan, there should he on the one hand (an attempt) to satisfy public opinion, and on the other, to act in accordance with If it is merely a question of national sentiment. choosing the most convenient course, on the principle that hungry people are
there
is
Forei;;'ii
not particular, it will be sufficient either to prejudice the national Fs there not need for interests, or else to spoil the whole affair. caution ?
$
Jt China and Belgian it. 1S1 I'-elgium. shao-yi l,tf ^'i 1& "ii terms regarded as prejndic Xation^' Syndicate, hence ft fj below. '
-
?
II 1 )
-'>
that
.v
^
f'f
t^,
ii"
(.
I'"]
5.
-i ;
.
.
.
';
.
''['
;
\ ;
,i!
loan \\a> negotiated l>\ Ta-iuto the intercuts of the Four
still.
help for
inside
.
.
.
it;
to reach to; to
I ,
.
unavoidable.
outside: the interests and .sentiment of the country.
come
to the position of
small: indicator; the
>
.
.
.
on>eqneno
.->
a
liomv;
oi greater
LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY
READING LESSON
Royalty
V.
5
in the Orient.
*
en
T
A
m
JIB
A RR.I&
It
m An Account 1-
$8 1^ to control
2
JS.
-
A
of ...
;
of British Control in India.
to tie up.
$9 wind and tide
the report and tide of revolution the news and effect in the sense of 'disturbance,' and applied to ;
comparatively new term used
'
'
rows got up 3-
$.
4.
jg
5.
itf
in schools, etc.
reach
7k. .
to, like
.
the far- reaching" effect of a wave. the coronation }}\\ added a
M according!}- after
.
.
.
M to
travel
;
!
crown
to
crown.
to tour.
6.
#ij
in
accordance with precedent.
/.
All
&
shew favour toward.
This is commonly used in the documentary some cases is the equivalent of 'the.' gjj jj: J^ ffi the tributary people. Springing out of its meaning of 'should,' 'ought,' is the word 'proper,' e.g., | /ft 8.
H% the said; the aforesaid.
and
style,
in
the proper Board. 9-
JO.
Ki.
& in order to be had
&
3
the
Liberal
in
remembrance.
Government took
the
utmost advantage of the
opportunity to carry out some most important reforms in the internal administration is not only used in an of India, ft [j JE ffr the Liberal Government. Freedom/ ^ abstract sense, but also as a qualifying term e.g., freedom of the press ll\ UR ^ fi] *= religious freedom S $ |j| freedom of speech !& & fe etc. jflj profitably %& ^c ;> fy ?fL to carry out employed made the best use of. ifimportant a reforms. It is help in long and involved sentences to find the object first and then turn to the attributive words later, fa inside rule. $g a superlative, most '
&
;
^
:
$
;
;
.
.
.
.
.
^
j'-j
great.
&
ii' .$" the idea was to control public sentiment, lest the Indians should plot rebellion with a view to throwing off their bonds and becoming independent. JU tying up, controlling #1 fj'j public feeling ffi so that by $| $ they the people of India $c to desire to: to have something in view. .
.
is
.
.
.
.
.
12. U(t recently: in not infrequently used
flf.
in
.
.
^
\estcrday PJ-: indicates a delinite point of lime, but it the beiise of recent; e.g., Pi-- ff,! f$- last week, is found in
f]
newspaper writing. I.}.
f:|J
14.
ftn
the next
.
T the
.
"J
as
column
ill
T:|J ft India; Lord Harding ffi Tas fallows. \\'heii particulars are given, beginning with >t 'at the left' is cuiiimonly iiacd.
Vicerox of India
below-
INT KTJvXfKXTARY \\TvNTJ.
wmz A
^a
2.M ill
wm&&n m
=
A
academic's; schools. ^-
-'
^
.urade
equ.'il
Indian soldiers and officers may have an equal right with the obtain with )t A the Knglish tB Tf Victoria Cross, ffforder of jnerit. "^ ^ ?'J ffi. \"ictoria |;)j usually used in the or authority, here indicates 'the right to': so also in the expression
fft"
rights
{
^
?;'.;
sense of power fl| ?IJ
M
to receive the
Knglish
and privileges.
3-
&
5. Delhi.
4-
T
flf
5.
n[J
.
.
W .
Calcutta.
}
fll
the people of India regarded
(the
the capital) with
moving of
great dislike. 6. fty f$ to make Delhi the capital has an important bearing on the ism the religious i\ ${ to think, is used as a suffix, much as religions of India. isms of India cp.. ft Ht ,'i\ .tH covetousne-s. t ?[|> head chief capita! tt often first in im; ortance, e.g., "ft" /f.f V'i" #$ ]iro\incial Capital and first District city ^f- $t religion; the religions world. .
.
.
'
'
l
,
'
'
;
7. iVi
-
)K
T
f'lf
'fl
W
;
;
;
Bengal.
the place of
which was situated the capital of
the placi- in
India.
The Indians were up in ') 5J jlfc divided the |>rovince into two divisions. arms against it. and the assassinations in the subsequent years have had their origin all rose J^ "$\ to oppose rose in ilocks in this act. )$ used also in a parliamentary secret ur.irdi-r: to assassinate; ]'{( I/* fountain in sense 'the Opposition.' H# to originate in. 1
&
10.
A
...
lit
...
ftf\
.
.
iTli
yi.
.
.
.
M
.
.
.
WK
.
.
.
Y..e the reason wh\ tin- Viceroy of India was disliked duubtless was because be had local administration in addition to his (proper) oftice. to push back to the origin--to find out the real reason; to 4'i !?,( of some office beside analyse. f,H to ha\e tlie management or administration
5.
jfr
.
.
.
by the peple.
l}i
it
'
one's own. lu-ngal was made the same as the other provinces of India, a ~5\ lovernor appointed, and a local Council given to help him; P.engal. since it would have the power of self-government (would make it possible) for the Viceroy India to avoid coining into collision by direct contact, and also preserve his oi dignity as the representative of all India, as well as escape the o.mplications of direct adminstration. other; another JU I'".emplov ... to lie to $ to him a help. ^ -^ wou'd nn| need to come to the point nf f!ij
'.'
separate
>
physical
force. 3-
'
not life rolihor-, the different crim;pal< in prison abbreviated from A ; p fi!\ V^ ahovc. fo here has a distributive force, each and all. .
.
.
[i
:
;";j
^
49
;,
UvSSONS IN KT,KArivNTARY WtfNLJ.
6
n ft
4?
m
t
IX* IH_^
m
I
m'm&& JL X2.
at
;rl Bt
*.* RH ^ ib
"^
&
9
lit
^
iP
^
free and regain their it, be set Since this is in opposition to the spirit of a country ruled by law, and is a return to the old practice of autocratic government, I apprehend it should not be issued by a Republic.
robbers, should, in accordance with liberty.
Bearing in mind the fact that you have travelled in Europe and America, are an eminent member of the legal profession, and have been placed in sole charge of the legal administration, and so must have some enlightened views on the subject, I venture first to address you, and hope for a reply giving a decision that will be something I remain to go by. Great is my felicity. Yours respect fully T. ?.... have a ruled-country's spirit ?J; VP under the control of regular law as opposed to the action of Yuan who lias acted independently fjf f|i usually applied to persons in the sense of vigour, animation, is now commonly employed in speaking of the spirit of an institution, law, country, etc. ?-t again walk in the autocratic government's old practice JQ applied 111 to a course of conduct rather than to a physical act, e.g.. {Yj j?f} '1$ >{>$ recurring to the 1
1
ft
!
;
'
'
-'
old practices.
Honorific titles arc common in direct address to 4V niy master -you. 3- ? avoid the use of pronouns. Europe; OG America. ).T, 4- are law studies exalted constellation -""{-stands for the constel.\. lation of the Dipper, hence, exalted. js'Jj
.
.
.
$8 administration. relation to; as far as
5-
H
0.
$%, in
7-
Jfl
Si use boldness
(Vs; .
$j
ii"J
is concerned. venture to make bold.
to enquire by letter.
to cut out, is applied to decisions etc., and tr cut out and and reply carries the idea that the person in question has power to discriminate between things that differ. '.)
3$.
formal ending to a letter, "Yours respectfully."-^ may be 10. J? -2c a prefaced by any suitable word, which varies according to the rank of the person ! addressed, e.g., f^t 1< to a tradesman, ~& -'fa to a scholar, etc. In some cases the time at which the communication is made is indicated, as 'f~ 2c 'noon peace.' .
.
.
5
1,1;SSONS IN
1;U>MKNTAKY \\KNIJ.
READING LESSON
VI.
Information About the Informer.
if giJ 8
uf-
us
iE
Was
Cheng-pao a Spy
?
(he) or not? ft ftf a Chinese spy. Af /{f |H. -' fr. -$ the names of the petitioners and their places of residence arc set forth in detail, followed by the matters about which they petition, fft TC of Kiangsi Nanchen District and j ^ of \nh\vei 9$ i District. The subject of the petition is the shooting of the Chinese spy fi'. ^J,?-f'i ft handed in a petition to the Shanghai Military Governor (petitioning that) he would clear up -the matter; ;f|J j to explain away. all that lies between these characters is the language of the 4- "ft ... petitioners. ft ... tjq briefly to state why their dead friend suffered i|!jj$ fjJ] which find it difficult to understand we beg you will announce it with full they proofs, an B}f( explain explicitly to the people (so as to) resolve their doubts. to open up clearly: to explain in detail. 5. y'/A ... A the Shanghai Military Governor Cli'en, yesterday, after receiving the petition, replied by letter to the two men I'eng and \\"ang. to grasp to receive a communication from a subordinate &j (U. letter replied -replied by letter. 0. l& .. f we transcribe the letter below. $( original, often used retrospectafter=lower down, in the following ci.mte.xi. from this on is the reply of ivel.v. the Military Governor, #[; -jf-. the case of the spy Cheng-pao lias been presented in a plaint and 7noted one case -at law, follows the definition of the case in question. Jl ha> come to hand; .'u^ V: "7" (or a statement of a law case handed in to the official. S. JM jlij \Q openly professed to be a member of the Tong-nieiig v^ociety, while secretly contriving to injure (others) p}, light: i^ dark; used for h\ pocritical action -ju'etending' to be one thing while actually something else. -J~- < handicraft, skill. ..skill in action, in either a good or bad sense. n ,A allow me to set it forth for yon two gentlemen ,'L I'eng and will attempt to .... Wang) in detail. ,j\' to attempt 10. 'r .... it appear> that Cheng-pao was a member of the Tnte'liu'ence 'Department of the to belong to: to be a nati\eof. Twanfang. J: Manchu Dynasty, known as the 1'ure Dynasty. -
.
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LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENLI.
6
Jh#
]
-
ft
&
enrolled himself
as a mcmlier nf
.
.
.
^" Hih sole oliject was to spy out the inner workings oi" the Society, in urdor to inform the Manchus: lu-arly all the menihers ui' the Society knew that he was a spy. \%\ gij appears to lie an abbreviation for |^ JU ^f> ^lj with the exception of ... i.e., the only thin.y for which he entered the Society was f& all has a prepositional force, to, in, etc. $% ffi .Yfanchu Chieftains, a term of contempt for the AJanchus 5tj nearly; almost. -
III?
,
.
.
.
.
.
.
-
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?JC
4.
!...'$
5.
>ffi
.
.
.
1,
am also one of the witnesses; see below these are the real facts.
myself
all
Kanchow
^
.
.
;
fft.
in Kiangsi.
Shanghai, so named from i]J jr. an old name for the \Vhangpoo. '; / secretly accused Chiang-peh-ki and myself, and we were both in imminent danger of death /< unfathomable, inscrutable, as death. 8. .'^ ffi when the Revolution began to make headway, it was repeatedly set back ('through him). 9- ifl n-rf when the Revolution was an accomplished fact, Chc-ng-pao wrote me from Kiukiang, on the plea of tendering his services, fj l or %};, to offer for acceded to his request, when: and then when, yt fli glory service and ^preturned: applied to the restoration of the old order of things: sometimes written '& -;fc=thc Restoration. indulgent; lenient. JO. ]{\ >b the real reason for asking him to come was a desire to punish him for being a traitor, and to strike terror into the hearts of the vacillating, pjj JU ? ft the inwardness of a thing; the why and the wherefore 'M eold to fear; here to turn connected with >b to cau>e to fear; cp., 'to make one's blood run cold.' /-^ from .side to side. )'^ ft those who would now be on one side, now on the other. J). i ft? according to the evidence of Chcng-pao himself, ft- to depose, as (y
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a witness. 12.
itfj
UvSSONS IN KUvMKNTAUY
I*
i Fin St
1 .
&,* i &&mmAmm-%f JLS J.
fi[)
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that place the certain. _'.
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ft
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.
.
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on those two cuiintb there was abundaiice of irrefragable evidence | fact of his beiny a spy beyond doubt f$ IH iron evidence; absolutely
'H extremrly difficult to she\v leniency to. with the establishment of the Republic the foreign was adopted in place of the old one. .
M the old calendar:
calendar $f 4.
ilif^-t
.
.
.
-ffi|
was executed openly.
habitually holds the principles of human itarianism, and had there not been guilt bevond question, would not have needlesslv executed him. Xote use of S65.
j
.
.
.
%]i.
i
LESSON VII.
DRESSED IN
*-^
M -ffi
MM
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A LITTLE I
*
|
BRIEF AUTHORITY.
^T^-
*a ii ffi
)i
m-. J* nJi ifli / Tft: W* to IRf^w yv 3C
Diplomatic Career of Luh-cheng-hsiang, the Head of the Foreign Office. [. Luh-cheng-hsiang \\asstatidncd for some time in Ixiissia, and In the year of the thoroughly conversant \\iih knssian affairs. Boxer uprising', he assisted Yang-ru in the Mancluirian negotiations.
is
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Wi
/
I^SSONS IN
H
EXMN'fARY
WtfNlX
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skilful replies to the Russian Minister for set forth in detail by the Japanese in their
Foreign History
of the Secret Negotiations between China and Russia. The year before last he was the Minister Plenipotentiary for our country at the second Hague Peace Conference. During the discussion of the Arbitration Treaty, a certain country proposed that the withdrawal of the power of Consuls to arbitrate should be made one of the subjects of arbitration. Mr. Luh being apprehensive that the withdrawal of (the power of) Consuls to arbitrate would, at a later date, be prejudicial to the interests of our country, made a speech in the Conference and strenuously opposed it, and it was dropped in consequence. Again, in the matter of international relations in regard to arrest and place of trial, England and Germany had decided to divide the different countries into three grades, according to their strength or weakness, in order to determine the number of judges to be sent to the place of trial. 1. jj'j Ui The Hague )lj-. f- I'eace Conference 7 |^ >fi| ff complete powers$Jj great messenger J^ fjj? a title proposed for foreign ministers, plenipotentiary the term 4V $1 to be applied to Consuls in place of f,f{ '\i the term 4V Pf a public decision, is employed for Arbitration 2. V the decision come to by nations. brought forward for discussion VJ. introduces the whole subject thus brought forward $$-']( the Consuls $$ ffrj f$ ;. $$ [3 withdrawal of power to decide or arbitrate j$ to be ffi
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ascertained this on the day preceding, and arranged with Powers of South America to rise and oppose it; hence it
Luh
the small
was not
,*
iEJC
possible to carry this treaty into effect.
Again, in regard to the device of the Dutch Government to compel Chinese emigrants in the islands under Dutch rule to become naturalized, and the opposition they raised to it, this was relegated to a question of diplomatic arrangement between the two countries. 1.
Ij;
.
.
.
.
.
.
'j
in (the matter of)
[$|
^
international relations
#j one treaty-
the treaty.
W
2.
$.
JU consider,
powerful or weak.
1
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f ? to
%]
3-
doms
IS
:
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TPJ
5.
^
6.
1^
W
'J*
as.
regard
ftf-
|jf
applied to the status of nations,
so as to; in order to ...
covenant; agree with
$'j
[P]
the South
American petty King-
G9-
Holland. frfj
Chinese emigrants.
removed-
-
out
of
the
f#r
J\'j
emigrants.
sphere
of
international
politics
jfjj
$
and
ccamc .... 7-
-P
Hit
contended and discussed
argued
W
in
the
way
of protest.
because, owing to the fact that ;^ 4\ constantly there were cases ;it was a matter of frequent occurrence, arid ln-cause of it iff | f^| %, ffij secretlv altered - changed without open acts of hostilitv. S.
.
55
.
.
B.j':
UvSSONS IN IJI.tfMKNTARY
sum
,y t
J!a
IB]
il
Mr. Lull disputed the f[iiestion with the Dutch Government for over a year, with no result. He then owing to the fact that it is a for countries to withdraw their representatives to regular thing indicate that diplomatic relations are broken off, and by this means the attitude of the other country scheme to the Foreign Office.
is
quietly altered -suggested this Office accordingly
The Foreign
Tn little more than six months after his return home, Dutch Government reopened negotiations, with the result that the nth month of last year, the Chinese and Dutch Consul:?
recalled him.
the in
concluded a treaty. This treaty states clearly that those who are according to Dutch law on their return to China are still Chinese subjects. Though this treaty cannot be regarded as from compelling (Chinese subjects) far it is removed settled, finally to be naturalized. Further, this treaty, in relation to the rights,
naturali/ed
i. told it to the Foreign Office then n took lit IJit this plan he acquainted the Foreign Office with this mode of procedure. 2 ffc / then thereupon. concluded the treaty. :,. |'j 4- 'f "^ not fully decided; not decided in a way fully satisfactory compared with t[] } % leaves it at a distance. as of an official. 5- j'ii '$ duty
n
.
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J^SSONS IN ELEMENTARY
3!
1
Jit
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111V
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WT-;NIJ.
r ^
K-* T*
pl
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^< and duties of Consuls, is the same as that drawn up ile prveges, between Japan and Holland. Never before, since our country has drawn up treaties, have we had such a (satisfactory) one. It is for this reason that the President nominated Mr. L,nh to be head of the Foreign Office. !
Pff
%.
Tl
4? that which had never been.
READING LESSON
VII.
Celestial Flights.
^"
IE
fe
115 tfc
f
An Account I-
'^l^r living progress
of the Flight of Li-ru-yeu. aviation.
^n Imperialist general who held .Nanking against the R troops during the Revolution. ... lif not easy to make headway in attacking him. 3 first two characters of the Twelve Stem-;, isrd as liuuld
m*
I.
&
it _'.
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:
,y.Jt'
here
the SCIIM'
in
UMii
t.>t
mi the existing foundations. and to )V. so a> In ... iVt assist in; In lielp forward. ?$ |M marks the end nf tlie i|iint;ttii>ii and dnes imt need tn hr translated. '? ;i11 instrurtnr in sail> and rope>. It *$ a >i,n'n of the plural used after the ahn\r enumeration nf naint^. ft to divide indie.'lies hat eaeh one \\ ,'is ^rnt tn a di ('for cut place, one went 1'tiild
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.
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.
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4. 5.
n.
this \vay,
i
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;
aid place.if ... those who in. 1(11 ... # then then he ty] /^ should fr those \vho -to enlist. $l{ fr ?. '-> are williiiLi to act in response to the summons o j,7j to he f," in ~.
$
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eorre>pniidin,u tn
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the
LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY WENLI.
8
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IS
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5.
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Rmm& ^ ra A
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should proceed at once to the Training Camp at Tongshan, give in their names, and await the result of investigation and examination. After being selected, each must draw up a form of voluntary
agreement, and hand in a copy to the Training Cam]) for reference, at the same time waiting till the appointed date to proceed to the Chefoo Training Camp. Each man will receive Taels 5.40 per
month wages from
A i.
.
Camp. none disobey
special proclamation: let
The _'.
the Training
conditions are as follows
it.
:
to be over 18 and under 22. Height to be about 5 feet 6 inches. Knglish measure. To be strong and vigorous, and to have had good health.
Age
I.
Kg,
read
-'.
-H-
to prepare
in
Tone
the 4th ;
I
f
-}_
to write out.
l await; to permit. willing IX la bond guarantee. t tile; to keep for reference. )
jf
;
prepared for referenc nil
IN tfUtMKNTARY WUttLT.
4.
Must not be
5.
Some knowledge of aquatics. To be able to read more or less.
6.
short-sighted.
The 24th day of
the 4th
month of
the ist year of the Chinese
Republic. Issued to be firmly pasted up at the East Barrier Gate. i.
$5.
$i "ear sighted.
nature of water some knowledge of tides, etc. Republic. Dislike of imperialism has filtered through to the form of characters. 3 |g| is also written 111 a prince, in an enclosure but now that the is substituted for j people have taken the reins of government -
X.K iS-
3-
Hi
|gj
;
!
READING LESSON VIII. Decadent Buddhism. ivil*
Detailed Account of a *& head association.. leading; general; etc. T
-
Jft
Mass Meeting
|g, all
;
of
Buddhists.
as applied to organizations
means
chief;
In newspapers and other writings, the provinces arc usually 2. if. Kiangsu. referred to in an abbreviated form as here, where ?T. }T. $&: sometimes an old name of the province is given. The following names generally met with:
UvSSOXS IN ELEMENTARY WEXI.t.
8
tH.
s.
A ft 3 A
& ft m US it
ffl* jJ-L
i?" sF*
1.
delegates
$fe
/7PX
A
more than f# representatives. .
.
.
_>oo
I'.uddhist
delegates,
f^f
A
Buddhists
ft
;
;
; "ft to establish a vast organization. more than 100 people connected with the newspapers, the schools $t and colleges, the military and the merchant class, were present at the meeting. Jn this case the one character does duty as a descriptive epithet for the colloquial for $r [if] $i term, e.g., fy for ;*i $. and so on. Vr- used once with ^- avoids commercial world, etc. repetition J/f ne\vs]ia])er world $j il the President of the Society for the Study of Buddhism. 4. fJi) head of an association.
2.
.
.
-
.
-A
3.
M
;
:
^
&
^H
5-
irt
4&
A
o.
fit
to
push -to
the originator or promoter.
W to be
elect.
master of ceremonies; chairman. abbot if the IJu-iiin monastery Jngkan addressed the introduces the speaker, so below -Jj abbot of a Bud||j meeting saying announce- -the object of the meeting. dhist monastery. {\( i' '^ indispensable that we wlio are of thi^ generation unite and 0. /T' fl form a great organixation, ami (!'> our utmost to seek to arouse Bothers) to action. 1$ fKi an organi/ed body. .... 10. J Such places as they are all of a specially kind disposition. schools, hospitals, institutions for the blind and deaf, and asylums for the aged are like such as . established by them regularly. !$ i" regular order. that is beneficial to society escapes their notice, and all 11. i ti, nothing for the sake of spreading their religion f$ i advantage. from now on i_>.
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