Modul3 Statutory Survey [PDF]

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MODUL 3 STATUTORY SURVEY



3.1



Sub Kompetensi



Kemampuan yang akan dimiliki oleh mahasiswa setelah memahami isi modul ini adalah sebagai berikut : -



Mahasiswa mampu memahami Institusi, organisasi dan regulasi yang terkait dengan pembangunan dan keberadaan kapal.



3.2



Uraian Materi



Survei-survei statutori (statutory surveys) adalah pemeriksaan-pemeriksaan atau survei-survei yang bersifat statutori dan diwajibkan oleh negara bendera kapal, termasuk semua survei yang diharuskan oleh IMO instruments seperti konvensikonvensi mengenai SOLAS, MARPOL, ILL, Tonnage dan ILO instruments seperti konvensi MLC-2006 dan Cargo Gears. Untuk masing-masing konvensi selalu ada 2 golongan survei, yaitu survei nonperiodik dan survei periodik. A.



Survei-survei non periodik dan survei-survei periodik



1.



Survei-survei non periodik,



1)



Initial Surveys. Yaitu survei yang dilakukan pertama kali di atas kapal, yang biasanya



dimulai dari saat pertama kali kapal dibangun sampai selesai dicoba dengan baik dan sebelum diserahkan kepada pemiliknya. Survei ini bertujuan untuk mengkonfirmasi bahwa semua ketentuan konvensi yang berlaku untuk kapal tersebut sudah ada di kapal dan berfungsi dengan baik dan sesuai dengan peruntukannya. Sertifikat statutori yang terkait akan diterbitkan dan diserahkan ke galangan untuk diteruskan kepada pemilik kapal bila hasil survey memuaskan surveyor yang memeriksa. 2)



Occasional Surveys. Survei-survei



non



periodik



yang



dilakukan



antara



lain



untuk



mengkonfirmasi adanya perubahan-perubahan utama (conversion) pada kapal atau peralatannya atau adanya perbaikan yang agak serius terhadap suatu kerusakan (damage survey) atau ada permintaan untuk pengecualian suatu ketentuan konvensi



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atau perpanjangan suatu sertifikat yang akan berakhir masa berlakunya, dan lain sebagainya. 3)



CAS Surveys Untuk mengurangi risiko pencemaran laut oleh minyak, kapal-kapal tanker



dengan lambung tunggal yang yang tidak bisa memenuhi persyaratan MARPOL Annex I Reg. 1 (26) agar diubah menjadi berlambung ganda, yang masuk “Category 2 Oil Tankers” dan “Category 3 Oil Tankers”, MARPOL Annex I Reg.13 G mengharuskan agar kapal-kapal tanker itu merencanakan dan menjalani survei kondisi pada lambung kapalnya secara menyeluruh dan teliti yang disebut “Condition Assessment Scheme” Surveys. Hanya kapal-kapal tanker berlambung tunggal yang telah memenuhi persyaratan CAS yang boleh terus beroperasi lagi untuk 5 tahun kedepannya.



2. 1)



Survei-survei periodik, Annual Surveys. Survei tahunan yang dilakukan hanya kepada kapal-kapal yang sudah



memenuhi semua ketentuan konvensi yang terkait atau sudah memiliki sertifikat yang umumnya berlaku 5 tahun (atau lebih dari 1 tahun). Tujuan survei ini adalah untuk mengkonfirmasi bahwa pemilik kapal merawat kapal serta peralatannya yang diharuskan oleh konvensi terkait sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku, masih cukup kuat dan berfungsi baik seperti pada saat initial survey. Bila semua ketentuan sudah dipenuhi, untuk konfirmasi bahwa annual survey sudah dilakukan maka sertifikat dapat ditandatangani (endorsed) oleh Surveyor yang memeriksa di tempat yang tersedia. Annual survey dapat dilakukan 3 bulan sebelum sampai 3 bulan sesudah ulang tahun (anniversary date) dari tanggal sertifikat diterbitkan (date of initial survey atau renewal survey). Biasanya dilakukan pada saat ulang tahun pertama, kedua atau ketiga (salah satu) dan keempat. 2)



Intermediate survey Intermediate survey adalah annual survey yang scope pemeriksaannya



diperluas dan lebih teliti, dan dilakukan 1 kali selama masa berlakunya sertifikat yang 5 tahun atau dilakukan diantara dua renewal survey. Pemilik / pengelola kapal



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memiliki kewenangan untuk memilih pelaksanaannya bersamaan dengan annual survey yang kedua atau yang ketiga. 3)



Renewal survey Renewal survey atau survei pembaharuan dianjurkan untuk dilakukan



lebih awal dan harus sudah selesai pada saat masa berlakunya sertifikat statutori yang terkait mati. Survei ini bertujuan untuk mengonfirmasikan bahwa kondisi kapal serta perlengkapannya masih cukup kuat dan mampu berfungsi baik untuk 5 tahun kedepan. Sertifikat statutori dapat diterbitkan kembali untuk 5 tahun mendatang bila semua persyaratan dipenuhi dan hasil pemeriksaan memuaskan surveyor yang memeriksa.



B.



Jenis survei statutori yang penting dan singkatan-singkatannya



1.



SOLAS 1974 / 1978 / 1988, beserta amandemen-amandemennya



a).



Cargo ship safety construction survey



SCA - SAFCON Annual survey (1 tahun) SCI



- SAFCON Intermediate survey (2 ½ tahun)



SCR - SAFCON Renewal survey



(5 tahun)



SAFM - SAFCON Miscellaneous survey (non periodik) Negara-negara yang sudah melaksanakan HSSC untuk setiap jenis survey yang dilakukan diberi tanda / kode /H seperti SCA/H, SCI/H atau SCR/H. b).



Cargo ship safety equipment



SEA - Safety Equipment Annual survey SEI



(1 tahun)



- Safety Equipment Intermediate survey (1 tahun) (hanya untuk kapal tanker yang sudah berumur 10 tahun keatas)



SEIL - Safety Equipment Initial survey (pertama kali, survey non- periodik) SER - Safety Equipment Renewal survey



(2 dan 5 tahun)



SEM - Safety Equipment Miscellaneous survey (non-periodik)



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Negara-negara yang sudah melaksanakan HSSC untuk setiap jenis survei yang dilakukan diberi tanda / kode /H seperti SEA/H, SEI/H atau SER/H. c).



Cargo ship safety radio survey



RTR - Radio Telelhony Renewal



(1 tahun)



RTM - Radio Telephony Miscellaneous



(non-periodik)



RTR/H Untuk kapal-kapal dimana negara benderanya sudah mengikuti HSSC. Sertifikat berlaku 5 tahun namun pemeriksaan tahunan tetap dilakukan.



2.



MARPOL 73 / 78, beserta amandemen-amandemennya



a).



MARPOL 73/78 ANNEX I



MOA - MARPOL Oil Annual



(1 tahun)



MOI - MARPOL Oil Intermediate MOIL - MARPOL Oil Initial



(2 ½ tahun)



(Pertama kali survey / non-periodik)



MOR - MARPOL Oil Renewal (5 tahun) Mereka yang sudah mengikuti HSSC ditambah dengan /H. CAS



-



Survei Condition Assessment Scheme



untuk kapal-kapal tanker berlambung tunggal yang tidak bisa memenuhi persyaratan MARPOL Annex I Reg. 1 (26) (Berlambung ganda – Double Hull) , yang masuk “Category 2” dan Category 3”, setelah tanggal 5 April 2005 atau tanggal setelah mencapai usia 15 tahun, mana yang lebih dulu tercapai. (MARPOL Annex I Reg. 13 G). b).



MARPOL 73/78 ANNEX II



MNA



-



MARPOL Noxious Substances Annual (1 tahun)



MNI



-



MARPOL Noxious Substances Intermediate (2 ½ tahun)



MNIL -



MARPOL Noxious Substances Initial (Pertama kali survey/non-periodik)



MNR



-



MARPOL Noxious Substances Renewal (5 tahun)



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Mereka yang sudah mengikuti HSSC ditambah dengan /H. c).



MARPOL 73/78 ANNEX VI Air Pollution



MAA



-



MARPOL Annex VI Air Pollution Annual



MAI



-



MARPOL Annex VI Air Pollution Intermediate (2 ½ tahun)



MAIL -



(1 tahun)



MARPOL Annex VI Air Pollution Initial (Pertama kali survey / non-periodik)



MAR



-



MARPOL Annex VI Air Pollution Renewal



(5 tahun)



Mereka yang sudah mengikuti HSSC ditambah dengan /H.



3.



INTERNATIONAL LOAD LINE 1966/1988



PLI



-



Periodical Load Line Inspection(1 tahun)



PLR



-



Periodical Load Line Renewal (5 tahun)



LLM



-



Load Line Miscellaneous



ILL



-



Initial Load Line (Pertama kali survey / non-periodik)



(non-periodik)



Untuk negara-negara yang sudah mengikuti HSSC, Annual survey singkatannya LLA sedangkan untuk Renewal survey singkatannya PLR/H.



C.



Penyeragaman tanggal - tanggal survei serta masa berlakunya sertifikatsertifikat statutori (Harmonization of Statutory Surveys and Certification – HSSC)



Sertifikat-sertifikat statutory yang dimaksud dalam tulisan ini meliputi : SOLAS 74 1.



Sertifikat Keselamatan Konstruksi Kapal Barang (Cargo Ship Safety Construction Certificate).



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MODUL 3 STATUTORY SURVEY



2.



Sertifikat Keselamatan Perlengkapan Kapal Barang (Cargo Ship Safety Equipment Certificate).



3.



Sertifikat Keselamatan Radio Kapal Barang (Cargo Ship Safety Radio Certificate).



LOAD LINE 1966 Sertifikat Lambung Timbul Internasional 1966 (International Load Line Certificate 1966). MARPOL ANNEX I 1973/ 1978 Sertifikat Internasional Pencegahan Pencemaran oleh Minyak di Laut (International Oil Pollution Prevention Certificate - I.O.P.P.). MARPOL ANNEX II Sertifikat Internasional Pencegahan Pencemaran oleh Limbah Muatan Cair yang Beracun (International Pollution Prevention Certificate for Noxious Liquid Subtances – NLS Certificate). MARPOL ANNEX III Document of Compliance with Special Requirement for Ships Carrying Dangerous Goods. Dengan daftar muatan berbahaya yang boleh diangkut (SOLAS Ch. II-2/54 dan IMDG Code). MARPOL ANNEX IV International Sewage Pollution Prevention Certificate, berlaku selama 5 tahun. MARPOL ANNEX V Garbage Record Book. MARPOL ANNEX VI International Air Pollution Prevention Certificate, berlaku selama 5 tahun. CHEMICAL CODE (BCH & IBC) Certificate of fitness of the Carriage of Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk.



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GAS CODE (BCG & IGC) Certificate of fitness for the Carriage of Liquefied Gas in Bulk. Sebelum berlakunya peraturan mengenai penyeragaman masa berlakunya sertifikat-sertifikat tersebut, sertifikat keselamatan perlengkapan kapal barang berlaku 2 tahun, sertifikat keselamatan radio kapal barang berlaku 1 tahun dan sertifikat selebihnya berlaku 5 tahun dengan kemungkinan jatuh tempo pemeriksaan (survey due date) yang berbeda-beda. Sertifikat-sertifikat statutori biasanya dikeluarkan oleh “Administration” atau pemerintah dari negara bendera kapal (flag states) atau badan klasifikasi kapal yang diberi wewenang oleh penguasa negara bendera kapal tersebut.



Keuntungan 1.



Semua sertifikat-sertifikat statutori yang tersebut diatas (kecuali sertifikat keselamatan kapal penumpang yang masa berlakunya masih akan berlanjut yaitu selama satu tahun) yang tersebut diatas akan mempunyai masa berlaku yang seragam yaitu 5 tahun dari tanggal diterbitkannya sertifikatsertifikat tersebut, dengan catatan survei tahunan harus dilakukan dalam waktu 3 bulan sebelum sampai 3 bulan sesudah tanggal jatuh tempo survei tahunan yaitu tanggal dan bulan yang sama dari tanggal pemeriksaan pertama sebelum sertifikat tersebut diterbitkan (anniversary date of initial or renewal survey).



2.



Semua sertifikat-sertifikat statutori (kecuali sertifikat keselamatan kapal penumpang) akan berakhir pada hari yang sama, dan jatuh tempo pemeriksaanpun akan bersamaan.



3.



Karena semua survei dilakukan bersamaan, biaya relatif bisa lebih murah.



Tanggal pelaksanaan Peraturan mengenai HSSC ini sudah berlaku sejak tanggal 3 Februari 2000 yang lalu bagi semua negara yang telah menanda-tangani kontrak dengan badan dunia IMO (International Maritime Organization) atau meratifikasi peraturan ini. Daftar negara-negara tersebut dapat dilihat pada akhir tulisan ini.



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Setelah tanggal 3 Februari 2000, tanggal pelaksanaan survei harmonisasi bagi kapal-kapal dengan negara bendera yang sudah menanda-tangani kontrak biasanya dimulai pada saat atau menjelang berakhirnya salah satu sertifikatsertifikat statutori yang mengacu pada konvensi-konvensi SOLAS, LOAD LINE dan MARPOL atau tanggal-tanggal lain yang lebih sesuai dan disepakati oleh pemilik kapal maupun negara bendera, seperti berakhirnya sertifikat keselamatn konstruksi (yang biasanya bersamaan dengan berakhirnya sertifikat kelas kapal), tanggal pelaksanaan dry dock, perbaikan ataupun renovasi. Meskipun beberapa sertifikat statutori masih berlaku pada saat pelaksanaan survei harmonisasi, surveipembaharuan sertifikat (renewal survey) harus dilakukan meskipun belum jatuh tempo untuk survei, dan satu set sertifikat-sertifikat statutori baru mengacu pada peraturan HSSC akan diterbitkan dengan tanggal berakhir maupun tanggal-tanggal jatuh tempo pemeriksaan tahunan yang bersamaan. Untuk menjamin keseragaman prosedur pelaksanaannya, kapal-kapal dengan klas LR akan melaksanakan survey harmonisasi pada saat jatuh temponya survei pertama untuk keselamatan konstruksi (Safcon) setelah tanggal 3 Februari 2000 seperti, Safcon Annual Survey (SCA) Safcon Intermediate Survey (SCI) atau Safcon Renewal Survey (SCR). Untuk survei harmonisasi yang dilakukan pada saat Safcon Annual Intermidiate Survey, semua sertifikat-sertifikat baru yang akan diterbitkan akan berakhir sesuai dengan tanggal jatuh temponya safcon renewal survey, sebagai contoh : SCA atau SCI due 10 Agustus 2000 dan SCR due 10 Agustus 2002, maka survey harmonisasi akan dilakukan diantara tanggal-tanggal 10 Mei 2000 sampai dengan 9 November 2000, dan satu set sertifikat statutori yang baru akan diterbitkan dan semuanya berlaku sampai dengan 10 Agustus 2002. Scope dari survei adalah untuk survei tahunan atau intermediate. Beberapa negara yang belum menanda tangani kontrak namun mengijinkan pemilik kapal yang menghendaki diberlakukan survei harmonisasi adalah Belize, Panama, Papua New Guinea, ST. Vincent, Grenadier dan New Zealand.



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Daftar negara-negara yang telah meratifikasi protocol 1988 dari SOLAS dan LOADLINE Argentina



Egypt



Liberia



Republic of Korea



Australia



Equatorial Guinea



Luxembourg



Seychelles



Bahamas



Eritrea



Malta



Singapore



Chile



France



Marshall Islands



China



Germany



Mexico



Spain



Croatia



Greece



Netherlands (Antilles & Aruba)



Sweden



Cyprus



Hongkong



Norway



Tunisia



Denmark



Italy



Norwegian International Shipping Registry (NIS)



United States



Denmark (DIS)



Japan



Oman



Vanuatu



Slovakia



Venezuela Daftar negara-negara yang telah melaksanakan sistem HSSC sesuai dengan Resolusi A.883 (21) IMO Antigua and Barbuda(2)



Hungary



Nicaragua(2)



Barbados



India



Papua New Guinea



Belize



Ireland



Philippines



ment, Radio, SAFCON, Passenger



Estonia



Israel



Poland



MARPOL, IGC, IBC & BCH



Georgia(1)



Latvia(1)



Russian Federation



Ghana



New Zealand



St. Vincent and the Grenadines



(1)



(2)



Harmonisasi untuk Safety Equip-



Harmonisasi untuk Loadline, MARPOL, IBC & BCH



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3.3



Rangkuman



3.4



Referensi



3.5



Soal Latihan



3.6



Lembar Kerja



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2.1. Jawaban Jawab:



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