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İSTANBUL KÜLTÜR VE EDEBİYAT ATLASI



YAYIN ADI GooG  oGG G GG Ǥo  f  ǤǤ.    YȋͳǤʹǤ˜‡ͶǤڎòȌ  ȋ͵ǤڎòȌ  GYo



oGY    G ;G .  ǤǤG GGǡoGYoǡ ofGǡǤGǡo.ǡ ǡǡo    oGG G ƒƒ›‹ŠǤ‡›”ƒ–‡’‡ ‹”‹ç‹ȀG•–ƒ„—Ž ‡ŽǣͲʹͳʹʹͺʹͺͳͶͲȋ͸ƒ–Ȍ ƒ•ǣͲʹͳʹʹͺʹͺͲͶʹ ™™™Ǥ–—”‹‰Ǥ‘”‰Ǥ–”–—”‹‰̷–—”‹‰Ǥ‘”‰Ǥ–”



ͻ͹ͺǦͻ͹ͷǦ͹͸ͶͳǦͶͺǦ͵ ͳǤ ǧGʹͲͳͷ       f  ™™™Ǥ‹”‹œ‹ƒ›Ǥ…‘



 ǧG



 ƒ•Çƒ›Çƒƒ›‹˜‡‹…ƒ”‡–ǤfǤ ‹Šƒ‰‹”ƒŠǤ ò˜‡”…‹ƒ†Ǥ‘ǣ͵ȀͳƒŠƒG燔‡œ‹Ž‘ ͵Ͷ͵ͳͲƒ”ƒ‹†‡”‡ȀG•–ƒ„—Ž‹ˆ‘̷‡‰ƒǤ…‘Ǥ–” ‡ŽǣͲʹͳʹͶͳʹͳ͹ͲͲ‡”–‹ϐ‹ƒ‘ǣͳʹͲʹ͸



ȗ—‹–ƒ’–ƒ’‡…‹ƒ”–Š‹–‡ȋͻʹ‰”ǤȌƒºÇ–—ŽŽƒÇŽÇç–Ç”Ǥ ̹ G•–ƒ„—Ž òŽ–ò” ˜‡ †‡„‹›ƒ– –Žƒ•Ç ›ƒ›Ç ŠƒŽƒ”Ç ò”‹›‡ —”‹‰ ˜‡ –‘‘„‹Ž —”——ǯƒ ƒ‹––‹”Ǥ — ‡•‡”‹ „ò–ò ŠƒŽƒ”Ç •ƒŽÇ†Ç”ǤƒÇ–Ǐ‹­‹›ƒ’ÇŽƒ…ƒÇ•ƒƒŽÇ–ÇŽƒ”ǐ†Ççǐ†ƒ›ƒ›Ç…ǐǐ˜‡ò‡ŽŽ‹ϐ‹›ƒœÇŽÇ‹œ‹‘Žƒ•ÇœÇŠ‹­„‹”›‘ŽŽƒ­‘ºƒŽ–ÇŽƒƒœǤ



İSTANBUL KÜLTÜR VE EDEBİYAT ATLASI



Ǥ Y



 f  ǤǤ. ;     



İÇİNDEKİLER TAKDİM........................................................................................................................ 11 KİTAP ÜZERİNE BİRKAÇ SÖZ ............................................................................ 13 GİRİZGÂH ................................................................................................................... 19 KİTABA DAİR ............................................................................................................. 21



I. BÖLÜM MANA GÜZELLEME ................................................................................................................ 26 İSİMLER ŞEHRİ ......................................................................................................... 34 KALBİN ŞEHRİ........................................................................................................... 44 YEDİ TEPELİ ŞEHİR ................................................................................................. 52 ŞEHR-İ BERREYN VE BAHREYN ........................................................................ 62 ŞEHR-İ AŞK ................................................................................................................. 72 İNSANLAR ŞEHRİ ................................................................................................... 84 ŞEHİRDE İNSAN AKAR.......................................................................................... 92 TÜRKÇE’NİN ALTIN ŞEHRİ ................................................................................ 102 GEÇMİŞTEN GELECEĞE YÜRÜYEN ŞEHİR................................................... 112 MUKADDES ŞEHİR.................................................................................................. 122 TA’RİF-İ İSTANBUL .................................................................................................. 136



II. BÖLÜM MEKAN CANIM İSTANBUL ................................................................................................... 150 FERAHLI BİR ALEM ÜSKÜDAR .......................................................................... 156 ÇAMLICA ..................................................................................................................... 176 KIZ KULESİ.................................................................................................................. 182 ENDAMININ HAYALİNİ GÖZLERİMDEN SİLEMEM ............................... 190 KADIKÖY MODA...................................................................................................... 196 BİN KAPI AÇAN BİR KAPI BEYAZIT ................................................................. 204 ŞEHZADE VE SÜLEYMAN ..................................................................................... 214 KAPALI ÇARŞI KAPALI KUTU .............................................................................. 226 ŞEHİR GÖZÜ ÖNÜNDE BÜYÜDÜ.................................................................... 234 OLTANIN UCUNDA BİR BALIK ......................................................................... 244 EMİNÖNÜ AYAK SEYRİ ......................................................................................... 252



ALTIN BOYNUZ .......................................................................................................260 SULTANAHMET MEYDANI .................................................................................270 İSTİKLÂLDE YÜRÜMEK ........................................................................................284 BOĞAZİÇİ ..................................................................................................................298 FATİH ...........................................................................................................................316 ADALAR .......................................................................................................................330 SİRKECİ HAYDARPAŞA .........................................................................................342



III. BÖLÜM HAYAT İSTANBUL’DA BİR GÜN .......................................................................................350 BOĞAZ’IN BEYAZ BULUTU .................................................................................356 İSTANBUL’U TAŞIYANLAR ...................................................................................368 DÖRT MEVSİM İSTANBUL..................................................................................384 İSTANBUL’UN IRMAKLARI .................................................................................396 GÖK SOFRASI RAMAZANLAR ...........................................................................402 BAYRAMLAR ..............................................................................................................416 İSTANBUL’DA EĞLENCE ......................................................................................424 OMZU DÜŞÜK AĞABEYLER ................................................................................436 AZİM BİR BABA EVİ MAHALLE .........................................................................444 TANRI HEDİYESİ MİSAFİR .................................................................................454 UYKUNUN KARA DÜŞMANI .............................................................................460 İSTANBUL’UN TÜRBELERİ ..................................................................................472 AKLI AŞKA TAKAS EDENLER ..............................................................................480 ŞEHRİN MÜŞFİK OMUZLARI ............................................................................486 ŞEHRE ŞİFA ................................................................................................................492



IV. BÖLÜM ZAMAN İSTANBUL’UN FETHİ .............................................................................................502 İSTANBUL’UN BAŞINA GELENLER ..................................................................514 İŞGAL VE BAŞKENTİN DÜŞÜŞÜ .......................................................................532 KUTSAL EMANETLER ŞEHRİ ..............................................................................542



FOTOĞRAF İNDEKSİ .............................................................................................553 BİBLİYOGRAFYA ......................................................................................................555 İSİMLER İNDEKSİ ...................................................................................................564



ƒƒ›Ç„—Ž†ƒ„—ŽǨ GŽŽ‡G•–ƒ„—Žǯ†ƒ„—ŽǨ G•–ƒ„—Žǡ G•–ƒ„—ŽǤǤǤ



Takdim G•–ƒ„—ŽǤǤǤ‡”›òœò†‡‹„ò–ò‰òœ‡ŽŽ‹Ž‡”†‡„‹”‡”——‡ƒŽÇƒ”ƒ–‘’”ƒǦ ºƒ‘†—”—ŽƒǢ–ƒ„‹ƒ–Çǡ–‘’‘‰”ƒˆ›ƒ•Çǡ–ƒ”‹Š‹˜‡‡ˆ•ƒ‡Ž‡”‹‹Ž‡ƒ†‹燊‹”ǤǤǤ ƒ›ƒ–ǐ„ò–ò•Ç”Žƒ”ǐÇ‹­‹†‡•ƒŽƒ›ƒǡ„—•‡„‡’–‡‘Ž•ƒ‰‡”‡‹„‹”†‡ˆƒ †ƒŠ‹Ž‘ŽƒÇ„‹”†ƒŠƒƒ›”ÇŽƒƒ†ÇºÇ–ÇŽ•ÇŽÇ‰òœ‡ŽǤǤǤƒ”‹Š„‘›—…ƒ„‹”­‘ŠòǦ ò†ƒ”ƒ ›Ÿ”‡Ž‹ ‡†‡ǡ ‘Žƒ”ǐ Š‡†‹›‡•‹ –ƒ’ǐƒǡ ‹Ž‹•‡ǡ Š‹’‘†”‘ǡ Ž‹ƒǡ ­ƒ”çÇǡ­‡ç‡ǡ•ƒ”ƒ›ǡŠƒǡŠƒƒǡ‹ƒ”‡–ǡ…ƒ‹˜‡òŽŽ‹›‡Ž‡”‹›òœ›ÇŽŽƒ”…ƒòœ‡Ǧ ”‹†‡–ƒçǛƒœ‹œG•–ƒ„—ŽǤǤǤ G•–ƒ„—Žǡƒ‰ƒ˜‡ǔ‹•–‹›ƒ‘ƒƒ›ƒŽƒ”ǐ†ƒ‡ƒ†ƒ”›ƒœÇŽÇç‹•‡•Ǧ ƒŽÇ˜‡—Š—”‹›‡–†Ú‡Ž‡”‹†‡†‡„‹Ž‡”…‡ƒ–ǘƒ•ˆ‡†‹Ž‹ç˜‡‡–Š‡Ǧ †‹Ž‹ç–‹”Ǥ —‡•‡”†‡Ǣ燊”‹‰òœ‡ŽŽ‹Ž‡”‹†‡‡†‡„‹„‹”†‹ŽŽ‡Dz†‡˜—”—”‡dz燊”‡›ƒǦ ’ÇŽƒ ‰òœ‡ŽŽ‡‡Ž‡”‡ †‡ ƒ›ƒ ‘Žƒ”ƒǡ ›òœŽ‡”…‡ G•–ƒ„—Ž Šƒ›”ƒÇ ‡†‹„‹‹œ‹ ƒŽ’Ž‡”‹†‡ƒŽ‡Ž‡”‹‡›‘Ž„—Ž—ç狋”˜‡›ƒœÇŽƒ”ǐ†ƒ——‡Ž‡”•——ŽǦ †—ǡ Šƒ–Ç”ƒŽƒ”Ç ›ƒçƒ•Ç †‹›‡ „‹›‘‰”ƒϐ‹Ž‡”‹‡ ›‡” ˜‡”‹Ž†‹Ǥ — 燊‹”†‡ ›ƒçƒÇçǡ •‘ƒŽƒ”ǐ†ƒ‰‡œ‹çǡ­ƒ”çǕǐ†ƒƒŽÇçǦ˜‡”‹ç›ƒ’Ç瘇Š‹ƒ›‡•‹‹G•–ƒ„—Ž‹Ž‡ ڜ†‡çŽ‡ç–‹”‹çƒŽ‡‡”„ƒ„ǐǐ‰ÚœŽ‡Ž‡”‹˜‡Šƒ›ƒŽŽ‡”‹‹ŽŠƒƒ›ƒºÇ‘Ž†—Ǥ G•–ƒ„—ŽǯƒŠ‹œ‡–˜‡‹Š–‹ƒ‰Ú•–‡”‡ǡ‡ڐ‡Ž‹‰Ú”‡˜Ž‡”‹ƒ”ƒ•Ç†ƒ‘Žƒ ò”‹›‡—”‹‰˜‡–‘‘„‹Ž—”——ǡƒ—›ƒ”ƒ”ǐƒ­ƒŽÇ烐†‡”‡•–ƒ–òǦ •ò†‡ˆƒƒŽ‹›‡–‰Ú•–‡”‡–‡†‹”Ǥͳͻʹ͵›ÇŽÇ†ƒ‹–‹„ƒ”‡—Ž—•Žƒ”ƒ”ƒ•Ç‡ŠŽ‹›‡–˜‡ –”‹’–‹‹çŽ‡Ž‡”‹‰‹„‹ڜ‡Ž‰Ú”‡˜Ž‡”Ž‡›‡–‹Ž‡†‹”‹Ž‡—”‹‰ǡͻʹǤ›ÇŽÇÇ‰‡”‹†‡ „Ç”ƒÇ”‡”‡•Á‰Ú”‡˜Ž‡”Ž‡•ÇÇ”ŽÇƒŽƒ›Ç’‡º‹–‹ǡòŽ–ò”ǡ•ƒƒ–ǡ–ƒ”‹Šǡ–—Ǧ ”‹œ˜‡•’‘”‰‹„‹„‹”­‘ƒŽƒ†ƒ†ƒڔ‡˜‡ڐ…ò­ƒŽÇ珃Žƒ”ƒ‹œƒƒ–ƒ›ƒ †‡˜ƒ‡†‹›‘”ǤDzG•–ƒ„—ŽòŽ–ò”˜‡†‡„‹›ƒ––Žƒ•Çdzƒ†ŽÇ„—‡•‡”‹‹œ†‡ǡ燊”‹Ǧ ‹œ‹‹–‡Ž‹˜‡‰òœ‡ŽŽ‹Ž‡”‹‹ǡ‡ŽƒÇ‡˜‡…‹œ‹ˆƒ†‡Ž‡”‹‹Ž‡„‹”Ž‡ç–‹”‡Ž‡”†‡ †—›ƒòœ‡”‹‡—”‰—ŽƒÇç–Ç”ǤG•–ƒ„—Ž„—‰òœ‡ŽŽ‡‡Ž‡”‹˜‡„—‰òœ‡ŽŽ‡‡Ǧ Ž‡”‡‡—›‰——ƒ‡Ž‡›‹Šƒ‡†‹›‘”Ǥ •‡”‹ ŠƒœÇ”Žƒƒ•Ç†ƒ ‡‡º‹ ‰‡­‡ †‡º‡”Ž‹ Š‘…ƒÇœ ”‘ˆǤ ”Ǥ „†—ŽŽƒŠ ­ƒǯƒǡ Ǥ ƒ˜—– ڍ•—ǯ›ƒǡ ‡˜œƒ– ǎ†Ç”Ǐǯƒǡ òŽ‹œƒ” ڐ‡œ ˜‡ òŽƒ› ƒç†‡‹”ǯ‡ ‰Ú•–‡”‹ç ‘Ž†—Žƒ”Ç ‰ƒ›”‡–Ž‡”‹†‡ †‘Žƒ›Ç ‹­–‡ –‡ç‡ò”Ž‡”‹‹ •—ƒ”ǏǤ G•–ƒ„—Žǯ†ƒ›ƒçƒƒÇ„‹”Dzƒ›”Ç…ƒŽÇdz‘Ž†—º————–ƒƒ†‹Ž‡º‹‹Ž‡ǤǤǤ ”ǤòŽ‡– ò”‹›‡—”‹‰˜‡–‘‘„‹Ž—”—— ڐ‡–‹—”—Ž—ƒçƒÇ



Kitap Üzerine Birkaç Söz ͳͺ͹Ͷ›ÇŽÇ†ƒG•–ƒ„—Žǯƒ‰‡Ž‡G–ƒŽ›ƒ•‡››ƒŠ†‘††‡‹…‹•ǡŠŸ–Ç”ƒŽƒ”ǐǦ †ƒ燊‹”Ž‡‹Žƒ”çǎƒçƒ•ÇÇç—…òŽ‡Ž‡”Ž‡‹ˆƒ†‡‡†‡”ǣ Dz‹Šƒ›‡–’—•—ƒ”ƒ•Ç†ƒڐ…‡„‡›ƒœÇ–Ç”ƒ›ÇºÇŽƒ”ǡ•‘”ƒ­‘›ò•‡„‹” 燛‹„‡ŽŽ‹„‡Ž‹”•‹œ燍Ž‹ǡ•‘”ƒ‰ò‡ç‹ƒ›†ÇŽƒ––ǺÇ…ƒŽƒ”ǐ—˜˜‡–Ž‹’ǔǎ–Ç•Ç ˜‡•‘—†ƒ„‹”†ƒºǡ„‹”„‹”‹ò•–ò‡ǡ”‡‰Ÿ”‡ǡ„‹”•ò”òò­ò‡˜ǡÇçǍ‹­‹†‡‹



ƒŽƒ–ƒ‹Ž‡‡”ƒ‰Úœò–òǢ‹ƒ”‡ǡ—„„‡˜‡•‡”˜‹Ž‡”ƒŽ–ǐ†ƒƒŽÇç­‘›ò•‡ „‹”燊‹”†‹„—Ǣ–‡’‡‹ò•–ò†‡‰ƒ›‡–„ò›ò•‡ˆŸ”‡–‘ƒŽƒ”Ç‹Ž‡‘…ƒƒ



ƒŽƒ–ƒ—Ž‡•‹ǡ‡–‡º‹†‡‹•‡‘’Šƒ‡ǯ‹„ò›ò–‘’†ÚòŠƒ‡•‹‹Ž‡„‹”‰‡‹ ‘”ƒÇ˜ƒ”†ÇǤ‹••Ç›”ÇŽ†Ç­ƒ燊‹”‘ºƒœǯƒ†‘º”—•ò”ƒ–Ž‡—œ—›‘”—牋„‹‘Ž—Ǧ ›‘”˜‡–‡’‡Ž‡”‹ò•–ò†‡†‡‹œ‡ƒ†ƒ”ǡ‘”ƒ›ƒ„—”ƒ›ƒ†ƒºÇŽÇ瘇…ƒ‹Ž‡”‹ „‡›ƒœŽÇºÇ‹Ž‡‹‡Ž‡‹çÚ›Ž‡”’‡ç’‡ç‡‘”–ƒ›ƒ­ÇÇ›‘”†—ǥdz •Ç”Žƒ”†Ç”ƒ†Ç†ƒ•‹–ƒ›‹çŽ‡•Úœ‡†‹Ž‡ǡ–ƒ”‹ŠÁ˜‡…‘º”ƒϐÁڜ‡ŽŽ‹Ž‡”‹›Ž‡ǡ–ƒ„‹Á ‰òœ‡ŽŽ‹Ž‡”‹ ˜‡ ›‡†‹–‡’‡•‹òœ‡”‹†‡‹çƒ ‡†‹Ž‡ ‹ƒ”Á ‡•‡”Ž‡”‹›Ž‡ǡ „—”ƒ†ƒ œƒƒŽƒ‡›†ƒƒ‰‡Ž‡Šƒ›ƒ––ƒ”œÇ›Žƒ†ò›ƒÇ‹…‹•‹‡˜‹‹†‡‹ǡDz燔‡ϐŽ‹ —„„‡Ž‡”˜‡Ÿ”‹‹ƒ”‡Ž‡”„‡Ž†‡•‹dzG•–ƒ„—ŽŠƒÇ†ƒ„—‰ò‡ƒ†ƒ”•Ú›Ǧ Ž‡‡†‹•Úœǡ›ƒ’ÇŽƒ†Çژ‰òŠ‡‡Š‡‡ƒŽƒÇ牋„‹†‹”Ǥ G­‹†‡›ƒçƒ†ÇºÇÇœǡŠƒ˜ƒ•ÇÇ–‡‡ˆˆò•‡––‹º‹‹œǡ‡‡º‹‹›‹›‹’•—›——‹­–‹º‹Ǧ ‹œǡƒƒ‡†‡•‡Ç›‡–‹‹›‹‡†‡–ƒŸŸ•Ç›Žƒ„‹Ž‡‡†‹º‹‹œǡŽŽƒŠǯǐ ‹ŽŽ‡–‹‹œ‡„‹”‹Š•ƒÇ‘ŽƒG•–ƒ„—Ž˜‡„—Dz—–Ž—„‡Ž†‡dz†‡ ‡–‹Šǯ–‡‹–‹„ƒ”‡ Ǥ›òœ›ÇŽÇ„ƒçŽƒ”ǐƒƒ†ƒ”„‡çƒ•Ç”„‘›—…ƒ„—”ƒ†ƒ–‡ç‡òŽ‡–‹çǡ›‡’Ǧ ›‡‹„‹”òŽ–ò”˜‡‡†‡‹›‡––‡”‹„‹ǤǤǤ—”Žƒ”ǐ­‡˜”‡Ž‡†‹º‹•‡–Ž‡”†‡‹‘Ǧ ƒŽƒ”ǡ •ƒ›ϐ‹›‡ ƒŠƒŽŽ‡”‹†‡‹ Ú獎‡”Ž‡ ‘ºƒœ‹­‹ •ƒŠ‹ŽŽ‡”‹‹ •ò•Ž‡›‡ œƒ”‹ˆ ›ƒŽÇŽƒ”˜‡„—‡ŸŽƒ”ǐ‹­‹†‡›ƒçƒ›ƒ‹•ƒŽƒ”ǐƒ•Ç”Žƒ”‹­‹†‡‡›†ƒƒ ‰‡–‹”†‹º‹‡†‹‡ƒŠ•—•„‹”òŽ–ò”ǡ‡†‡‹›‡–˜‡›ƒçƒƒò•Žð„—ǥ•ƒŽÇ †‡˜”‹†‡ڜ‡ŽŽ‹Ž‡ Ǥ›òœ›ÇŽ†ƒ‹–‹„ƒ”‡„ƒçŽƒ›ƒǡ†ƒŠƒ•‘”ƒ—Š—”‹Ǧ ›‡–†‡˜”‹†‡†‡„‹”•ò”‡†‡˜ƒ‡†‡ǡ燊”‹‡‰òœ‡Ž˜‡ƒŽƒŽÇ„‹”‹‹‹‹ ‘Ž—ç–—”ƒ‘ºƒœ‹­‹‡†‡‹›‡–‹ǥ ƒŠ›ƒ‡ƒŽǯ‹DzœÁœG•–ƒ„—Ždzǡ‡…‹’ ƒœÇŽǯǐDzƒÇG•–ƒ„—Ždz†‡†‹º‹ǡ‹ƒ” ‹ƒǯǐ…ƒ‹ǡ–ò”„‡ǡŠƒǡŠƒƒǡ‹ƒ”‡–ǡÚ’”òǡ烆ǔ˜ƒǡ­‡ç‡˜‡•‡„‹ŽŽ‡Ǧ ”‹›Ž‡•ò•Ž‡†‹º‹Ǣ–ƒ”‹Š‹ǡ‡†‡‹›‡–‹ǡòŽ–ò”òǡ‹Ž‹˜‡‹”ˆƒÇ„‡ç‹º‹ǡ†ò›ƒ†ƒ ‡ç‹„‡œ‡”‹„—Ž—ƒ›ƒ燊‹”ǡG•–ƒ„—Žǥ



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‹”„ƒÇƒ†‡˜Ž‡–’‘Ž‹–‹ƒ•Ç‘Žƒ”ƒǡ•ƒŽÇG’ƒ”ƒ–‘”Ž—º—ǯ—†Ú”–„‹”ÚǦ 燕‹†‡›‡–‹ç‡ƒ„‹Ž‹›‡–Ž‹‹Ž‹˜‡ϐ‹‹”ƒ†ƒŽƒ”Ç›Žƒǡ烋”ǡ‹ƒ”˜‡•ƒƒ–Ÿ”Ǧ Žƒ”ǐG•–ƒ„—Žǯ†ƒ„‹”ƒ”ƒ›ƒ‰‡–‹”‹Ž‡•‹›Ž‡Ç•ƒœƒƒ†ƒ燊”‹òŽ–ò”ǡ•ƒƒ– ˜‡‹Ž‹‡”‡œ‹ŠŸŽ‹‡‰‡Ž‡•‹•ƒºŽƒÇçǡ›‡–‹ç–‹”‹Ž‡›‡‹†‡˜Ž‡–˜‡òŽ–ò” ƒ†ƒŽƒ”Ç›Žƒ•ƒƒ–Ÿ”Žƒ”†ƒŠƒ•‘”ƒ‡Ž‡‡–‹†Ú”–„‹”›ƒÇƒ‰‹†‡”‡‹Ž‹ ˜‡‹”ˆƒ†ƒºÇ–Ç玃”†Ç”Ǥ ͳ͸ͺ͵ǯ–‡˜——„—Žƒ‹›ƒƒ„‘œ‰——•ƒŽÇG’ƒ”ƒ–‘”Ž—º—–ƒ”‹Š‹†‡ˆ‡˜Ǧ ƒŽŸ†‡ڐ‡Ž‹„‹”†Úò‘–ƒ•Ç‘ŽƒŽƒ„‡”ƒ„‡”ǡ‰‡”‡„—ŠŸ†‹•‡‰‡”‡•‡ „——–ƒ‹’‡†‡ͳ͹͵Ͳƒ–”‘ƒƒŽ‹ŽG•›ƒÇ‹Ž‡ͳͺͲ͹ƒ„ƒ­Ç—•–ƒˆƒG•›ƒǦ ÇǢŠƒ––Ÿ‡ƒœ‹ƒ–‡†‡ •ŽƒŠƒ– ‡”ƒÇǯÇ‹ŽŸÇǡG•–ƒ„—Žǯ—ƒ††Á˜‡ Ÿ‡˜Á­‡Š”‡•‹‹ǡ†ƒŠƒ†‘º”—•—燊‹”†‡‹Šƒ›ƒ––ƒ”œÇÇ†‡º‹ç‡•‹†‡­‘ ˆƒœŽƒ‡–‹Ž‹‘ŽƒÇçǡ„ò–ò„—Šƒ”‡‡–Ž‡”Ÿ†‡–ƒ„‹””òœ‰Ÿ”‰‹„‹燊”‹òœ‡”‹Ǧ †‡‰‡­‹’‰‹–‹ç–‹”Ǥ …ƒƒ•ÇŽ„ò›ò˜‡ڐ‡Ž‹–‡•‹”ǡ†ƒŠƒ†‘º”—„‹”–ƒ„‹”Ž‡„ò›òƒ•Ç”‰ƒǡ–ƒǦ ”‹Š‹‹œ†‡ͻ͵ƒ”„‹†‹›‡„‹Ž‹‡ͳͺ͹͹Ǧͳͺ͹ͺ•ƒŽÇǦ—•—Šƒ”‡„‡•‹ǯ†‡ •‘”ƒ‹‡çǯ—ˆ‡ŽŸ‡–Ž‡‡†‹‹‰Ú•–‡”‹”Ǥ ƒœ‹•ƒƒçƒ—ƒ†ƒ•Ç†ƒ 烐ŽÇ Ž‡˜‡ ò†ƒˆƒƒ•ÇÇ ƒ”ƒ•Ç†ƒ —• ƒœƒŽƒ”ǐǐ ƒŽƒŽƒ” òœ‡”‹Ǧ †‡G•–ƒ„—Žǯ—„‹”‡˜‹ƒ’Ç•Ç•ƒ›ÇŽƒ‡ç‹ŽÚ›ǯ‡ȋ›ƒ•–‡ˆƒ‘•Ȍƒ†ƒ”†ƒ›ƒǦ ƒŽƒ”Çòœ‡”‹‡ǡ„‹”‡”„‹”‡”†ò珃‡Ž‹‡‰‡­‡—‡Ž‹–‘’”ƒŽƒ”ǐ†ƒ‹ƒƒ ›—”–Žƒ”ǐÇǡ„ƒ„ƒ‘…ƒŽƒ”ǐÇ–‡”‡†‹’›‘ŽŽƒ”ƒ†ò燐‘„‹Ž‡”…‡ò•ŽòƒÇ G•–ƒ„—Žǯƒ„‘烎ƒ•Ç›Žƒǡ燊‹”ǡ–ƒ”‹Š‹†‡‹Ž†‡ˆƒ–ƒƒŽƒÇ›Žƒ—ƒœœƒ„‹” ˆ‡ŽŸ‡–Ž‡›òœ›òœ‡‰‡Ž‹”Ǥ‹”­‘º—•‘ƒÚ燎‡”‹†‡ǡ†ƒƒŽ–Žƒ”ǐ†ƒǡ…ƒ‹ƒ˜Ž—Ǧ Žƒ”ǐ†ƒǡ”‡˜ƒŽƒ”ƒŽ–ǐ†ƒǡ–‡”‡†‹Ž‹ç˜‹”ƒ‡Ž‡”†‡˜‡›ƒ›ƒ‰Ç›‡”Ž‡”‹†‡ƒ­ǡ •‡ϐ‹Ž˜‡’‡”‹çƒŠƒŽ†‡‹„‹Ž‡”…‡—‡Ž‹—Šƒ…‹”‹›Ž‡燊‹”†‡›ÇŽŽƒ”…ƒ–ƒ„‹” •‡ˆƒŽ‡–Šòò•ò”‡”ǤƒŽ‰ÇŠƒ•–ƒŽÇŽƒ”ǐ‘Ž‰‡œ†‹º‹ǡŠ‡”‰ò‘Žƒ”…ƒ…‡ƒœ‡Ǧ ‹ƒŽ†Ç”ÇŽ†ÇºÇ燊‹”†‡‰‡”­‡ƒŽƒ†ƒ„‹”–”ƒŒ‡†‹›ƒçƒÇ”Ǥڜ‘—•—–”ƒŒ‡Ǧ †‹›‡­‘…—Ž—Žƒ”ǐ†ƒ„‹œœƒ–烊‹–‘ŽƒƒŽ‹†‹›ƒǡǜƒ‡˜ϐ‹˜‡ƒŽ‹†‡†‹„ ‹Ž‡„—ˆ‡ŽŸ‡–‹›ƒçƒ›ƒƒº”ƒòˆ–ò•òŸ…‹ˆ‡†‹ǯ‹ŠŸ–Ç”Ÿ–Žƒ”ǐ†ƒ„—ƒ…Ç ‰òŽ‡”‡ƒ‹–‘Ž†—­ƒŠƒœ‹˜‡›ò”‡’ƒ”­ƒŽƒ›ƒ„‹”­‘­ƒ”’Ç…Ç–ƒ„Ž‘‡˜…—––—”Ǥ ͻ͵ƒ”„‹ǯ‹ƒ”ƒ•Ç†ƒ‘–—œ›ÇŽŽÇ„‹”•—ŽŠǦ•òð†‡˜”‹‹ò–‡ƒ‹’ʹͶ‡Ǧ —œͳͻͲͺǯ†‡ Ǥ‡ç”—–‹›‡–ǯ‹‹ŽŸÇǡͳͻͲͻǯ†ƒ͵ͳƒ”–ƒǯƒ•Çǡƒƒƒ•ÇŽͳͻͳͳǯ†‡ ƒŽƒƒ”„‹ˆ‡ŽŸ‡–‹ǢƒŽƒŽƒ”ǯ†ƒ›‹‡G•–ƒ„—Žǯƒ†‘º”—„ò›ò„‹”Š‹…”‡– †ƒŽ‰ƒ•ÇǤǤǤƒŽƒ—Šƒ…‹”Ž‡”‹ǥͳͻͳ͹‹‡˜”‹‹†‹›‡†‡„‹Ž‹‡—•GŠ–‹ŽŸǦ Ž‹ǯ‹ƒ”ƒ•Ç†ƒ燊”‹„‡›ƒœ—•Žƒ”–ƒ”ƒˆÇ†ƒŸ†‡–ƒ‹•–‹ŽŸ•ÇǤǤò˜‡ŽǦ‹—Ǧ ƒœœƒƒÇ•ƒŽÇƒ„Ž—ƒ•Ç‹Ž‡„‹”Ž‹–‡G––‹Šƒ†˜‡‡”ƒÁŽ‹†‡”Ž‡”‹‹†‡˜Ž‡– ‹†ƒ”‡•‹†‡‹–‡…”ò„‡•‹œŽ‹º‹˜‡„ƒ•Á”‡–•‹œŽ‹º‹›òœò†‡„‹”ƒ†ƒ‹­‹‡†òçòŽ‡ Ǥò›ƒƒ˜ƒçljƒ››Ÿ•Çǥ ‡–Š‡†‹Ž†‹º‹ͳͶͷ͵–ƒ”‹Š‹†‡„‡”‹•ƒŽÇG’ƒ”ƒǦ –‘”Ž—º—ǯ—’Ÿ›‹–ƒŠ–Ç‘ŽƒG•–ƒ„—Žǡͳ͸ƒ”–ͳͻʹͲ•ƒ„ƒŠÇG–‹ŽŸˆ†‡˜Ž‡–Ž‡”‹ƒ•Ǧ ‡”Ž‡”‹–ƒ”ƒˆÇ†ƒϐ‹‹Ž‡‹ç‰ƒŽ‡†‹Ž†‹º‹–ƒ”‹Š–‡ͳͻƒ›Ç•ͳͻͳͻǯ†ƒƒ†‘Ž—ǯ†ƒ „ƒçŽƒ›ƒ —ƒ††‡• ò…ƒ†‡Ž‡‹ ƒœƒÇŽ†ÇºÇ ͵Ͳ º—•–‘• ͳͻʹʹǯ†‡‹ „ò›ò œƒˆ‡”‡ǡ†ƒŠƒ†‘º”—•—͸‹ͳͻʹʹ‰òò†ò珃‡Ž‹†‡—”–—Ž—痐ƒƒ†ƒ”ǡ 燊”‹•‡ŸŽƒ”lj‡”­‡–‡ƒ”ƒ„—Ž—–Žƒ”Žƒƒ’ŽƒÇ”Ǥ



‹ŽŽÁ ò…ƒ†‡Ž‡ǯ‹ œƒˆ‡”Ž‡ –ƒ­Žƒƒ•Çƒ ò–‡ƒ‹’ •ƒŽÇ ‡˜Ž‡–‹ǯ‹ ‡Ǧ ƒœÇòœ‡”‹†‡—”—Žƒò”‹›‡—Š—”‹›‡–‹„ƒç燊”‹‹ƒ”ƒ‘Žƒ”ƒ•‡­‹ŽǦ ‡•‹ǡ•‹›ƒ•Á˜‡‡‘‘‹ƒŽƒ†ƒG•–ƒ„—Žǯ—‹‹…‹’Žƒƒ†ò珇•‹‡ǡŠƒ––Ÿ „‹”•ò”‡‹ŠƒŽ‡†‹Ž‡•‹‡›‘Žƒ­ƒ”ǤoŽ‡‹œ†‡ڜ‡ŽŽ‹Ž‡­‘’ƒ”–‹Ž‹Šƒ›ƒ–ƒ‰‡Ǧ ­‹Ž‡ͳͻͷͲǯ†‡•‘”ƒ‹›ÇŽŽƒ”†ƒǡ„‹”›ƒ†ƒƒ†‘Ž—ǯ†ƒDz–ƒçÇ–‘’”ƒºÇƒŽ–ǐdz ‘Ž†—º—ƒ ‹ƒÇŽƒ G•–ƒ„—Žǯƒ †‘º”— ‰‡”­‡Ž‡ç‡ •ò”‡Ž‹ ‰Ú­Ž‡”ǡ „‹” ›ƒ†ƒ 燊‹”†‡‹’Žƒ•Çœ˜‡­ƒ”’Ǎ›ƒ’ÇŽƒçƒǢ„—–ƒ”‹ŠÁŠò˜‹›‡–‡•ƒŠ‹’燊‹”†‡ˆƒ„Ǧ ”‹ƒŽƒ”—”—Žƒ•Çƒ‰Úœ›——Žƒ•Çǡ„—Žƒ”ǐ‡–”ƒˆÇ†ƒŠÇœŽƒ–‡ç‡òŽ‡†‡ ‰‡…‡‘†—•‡–Ž‡”‹˜‡„—”ƒ†ƒ›ƒçƒƒ›ƒ­ƒŽÇ烐›‡‹„‹”‹•ƒ‹–Ž‡•‹‹Ž‡燊Ǧ ”‹Šƒ˜ƒ•Ç„‹”†‡„‹”‡†‡º‹ç‹”Ǥ•ÇŽG•–ƒ„—Žǯ—‡›†ƒƒ‰‡–‹”‡—”Žƒ”ǯǐ†ÇçǐǦ †ƒ›‡‹›‡”Ž‡ç‹ƒŠƒŽŽ‡”‹‹‘Ž—珃•ÇǡG•–ƒ„—Žǯ†ƒƒ•Ç”Žƒ”‹­‹†‡‡›†ƒƒ ‰‡Ž‹çŠƒ›ƒ––ƒ”œÇƒƒ›ƒ—›†—”ƒƒ›ƒ–ƒç”ƒŽÇŠƒŽÇ‡†‹ƒŽÇ獃ŽÇŽƒ”ǐƒ ‰Ú”‡›ƒçƒƒ›ƒƒŽƒ•Çǡ燊‹”†‡‰‹†‡”‡–ƒ„‹”ƒ‘•‘”–ƒÇÇ†‘ºƒ•Çƒ ›‘Žƒ­ƒ”Ǥ G疇ڜ‡ŽŽ‹Ž‡ͳͻͷͲ‹Ž‡ͳͻ͹Ͳ›ÇŽŽƒ”ǃ”ƒ•Ç†ƒǡ•Úœ‘—•—„—†‡º‹ç‹˜‡„‘Ǧ œ—Žƒ•ò”‡…‹‹Š‡”„ƒÇ†ƒ•ò”ǯƒ–Ž‡›ƒçƒ†ÇºÇǡ燊”‹ƒ††Á˜‡Ÿ‡˜Á ­‡Š”‡•‹‹„ò›ò„‹”ŠÇœŽƒ†‡º‹ç‹ç–‹”Ǥ G•–ƒ„—Žǡ ­‹Ž ­‹Ž —„„‡Ž‹ …ƒ‹Ž‡”‹ǡ œƒ”‹ˆ ‹ƒ”‡Ž‡”‹ǡ •ƒ”ƒ›Žƒ”Çǡ •ƒŠ‹ŽǦ•ƒ”ƒ›Žƒ”Çǡ ò–ò’Šƒ‡ǡŠƒǡŠƒƒǡ­ƒ”çÇǡ–ò”„‡ǡ­‡ç‡˜‡•‡„‹ŽŽ‡”‹›Ž‡Ǣ‘ƒǡÚ獘‡ ›ƒŽÇŽƒ”Ç›Žƒ›‡”›òœò†‡‡ç‹„‡œ‡”‹„—Ž—ƒ›ƒ„‹”燊‹”ǡƒƒ„—‡•‡”Ž‡”‡ƒǦ Žƒƒ–ƒ˜ƒ”ŽÇŽƒ”ǡ›ƒ‹‹•ƒ—•—”—‘Žƒ•ƒǡ„ò–ò„—„‹ƒŽƒ”›ƒŽÇœ„ƒçǦ Žƒ”ǐƒ‡ƒŽƒ‹ˆƒ†‡‡†‡”Ǩ•ƒŽÇƒ•Ç”Žƒ”Ç‹­‹†‡”‹ƒŽƒŽƒ”‹ˆƒ†‡‡†‡ǡ ‡†‹ǯ‹G•–ƒ„—Ž˜ƒ•ˆÇ†ƒ‹ƒ•‹†‡•‹‹ç—‡çŠ—”Ç•”ƒÇÇŠƒ–Ç”Žƒ›ƒŽÇǣ ‡’ŠƒŽÇÇ‡–˜Ÿ”Ç’‡•‡†Á†‡˜òƒ„ðŽ



‡”‡G•–ƒ„—Ž‹Ž‡‹Ž‰‹Ž‹燊”‡‰‹œŽ‡”†‡‰‡”‡•‡›ƒ„ƒ…Ç•‡››ƒŠŽƒ”ǐŠŸ–Ç”Ÿ–Ǧ Žƒ”ǐ†ƒǡŠ‡”•‡˜‹›‡†‡‡•‹G•–ƒ„—ŽƒŠƒŽ‹•‹‹ƒ†ÇǦ‡”‡•‘†‡”‡…‡œƒǦ ”‹ˆǡƒœ‹ǡ‹„ƒ”˜‡­‡Ž‡„‹‹•ƒŽƒ”‘Ž†—º——Úº”‡‹›‘”—œǤ òòòœ†‡‹•‡„— ˜ƒ•ÇϐŽƒ”ǐ†ƒ‡—ˆƒ„‹”‡•‡”†ƒŠ‹ƒŽƒ†ÇºÇ†ƒ•Ç•Ç狍Ÿ›‡–‡†‡„‹œǦ Ž‡”ǡŠƒŽÇ‘Žƒ”ƒǡŠ‡‡Š‡”‰ò›ƒçƒ†ÇºÇÇœŸŠ‘ç‘Žƒ›Žƒ”ǐŠ‡”–ò”Žò‹ƒœ ˜‡ڐŽ‡Ž‡”‡”ƒº‡‰‹†‡”‡ƒ”–ƒ–ƒ‘Ž†—º——†ƒòœòŽ‡”‡‹–‹”ƒˆ‡–‡ ‡…„—”‹›‡–‹†‡›‹œǤ ˜‹†‡ ‹ç‹‡ǡ ‹ç‹†‡ ‡˜‹‡ ‰‹†‹’ ‰‡Ž‹”‡ „‹†‹º‹‹œ „‡Ž‡†‹›‡‘–‘„ò•Ž‡”‹‹ǡ燊‹”Šƒ–Žƒ”ǘƒ’—”Žƒ”ǐǐǡ–”ƒ˜ƒ›˜‡›ƒ‡–”‘„ò•Ǧ Ž‡”‹‘Ž–—Žƒ”ǐÇ’ƒ”­ƒŽƒ›ƒǡ…ƒÇ„‹”燛‡•ÇÇŽÇ…ƒ‘–‘„ò•Ž‡”‹ƒ–‡ç‡˜‡”‡Ǣ ƒ›Ç燍‹Ž†‡Š‡”‰ò燊‹”‹­‹†‡„‹Ž‡”…‡›‘Ž…—–ƒçǛƒ‡–”‘ǡ–”ƒ˜ƒ›˜‡›ƒ „ƒŽ‹›Ú –”‡Ž‡”‹‹ …ƒŽƒ”ǐÇ –ƒçŽƒ›ƒǡ ƒŽ†Ç”Ǐ –ƒçŽƒ”ǐÇ •Úò’ ƒºƒœƒŽƒǦ ”ǐ˜‹–”‹…ƒŽƒ”ǐǍǔƒǡ’ƒ”Žƒ”†ƒ‹­‹­‡Ž‡”‹‡œ‹’‰‡­‡ǡ燊‹”˜‡燊‹”Ž‹ òŽ–ò”ò†‡ƒŠ”—„Ç”ƒÇŽÇ狐•ƒŽƒ”ǐ›ƒçƒ†ÇºÇG•–ƒ„—Žǯ†ƒ„—†‘º”—ŽǦ –—†ƒ›ƒ’ÇŽƒ…ƒ†ƒŠƒ­‘‹ç‘Ž†—º—†ƒ„‹”‰‡”­‡–‹”Ǥ òòòœ†‡›ƒçƒƒ–ƒ ‘Ž†—º——œ„—–ò”‘Žƒ›Žƒ”ƒ”çǕǐ†ƒœƒƒœƒƒDz…†ƒ†ÇÇœ„‹œ†‡†ƒŠƒ ‡†‡Á‹†‹Ǩdz†‡‡–‡†‡‡†‹‹œ‹ƒŽƒÇ›‘”—œǤ



G•–ƒ„—Žǡ ڜ‡ŽŽ‹Ž‡ ­‘ ’ƒ”–‹Ž‹ Šƒ›ƒ–ƒ ‰‡­‹Ž‡ ͷͲǯŽ‹ ›ÇŽŽƒ”†ƒ •‘”ƒ ƒ†‘Ǧ Ž—ǯ†ƒ‰‡Ž‡‰Ú­†ƒŽ‰ƒŽƒ”Ç›ŽƒDz‡‰ƒǦ‡–dz–ƒ„‹”‹‡—›‰—„‹”–ƒ”œ†ƒÇ•ƒœƒǦ ƒ†ƒ ‘ ƒ†ƒ” „ò›ò†ò ˜‡ ‰‡‹çŽ‡†‹ ‹ǡ •ÇÇ”Žƒ”Ç ƒ†‘Ž— ›ƒƒ•Ç†ƒ Gœ‹–ǡ ”ƒ›ƒ–ƒ”ƒˆÇ†ƒ†ƒ‡‹”†ƒº‹Ž‡„‹”Ž‡ç‡„‹Ž‡…‡„‹”ŠŸŽ‡‰‡Ž†‹Ǥ‘Žƒ›Ç•Ç›Žƒ„— ƒ†ƒ”„ò›ò„‹”燊”‹’”‘„Ž‡Ž‡”‹†‡Š‡”‰òڛŽ‡•‹‡ƒ”–ƒ–ƒ‹Š‡”–ò”Ǧ Žò ƒ—Žƒç–Ç”ƒ ˆƒƒŽ‹›‡–‹ ›ƒÇ†ƒ ƒ­ÇŽƒ ›‡‹ ›‘ŽŽƒ”ǡ ‹çƒ ‡†‹Ž‡ ‰‡­‹– ˜‡›ƒ –ò‡ŽŽ‡”ǡ•ÚòŽò’›‡‹†‡†Ú燐‡ƒŽ†Ç”ǏŽƒ”ǡ†ÚòŽ‡ƒ•ˆƒŽ–Žƒ”ǡ•ƒ›ÇŽƒ”Ç’‡ ˆƒœŽƒ‘Žƒ•ƒ†ƒ›‡‹›ƒ’ÇŽƒ’ƒ”˜‡„ƒŠ­‡Ž‡”ǡŠ‡”燛‹Ÿ†‡–ƒ„‹”ƒ†ƒ›‹›‹’ ›—–ƒ„‹”†‡˜‰‹„‹ǥ ò” ˜‡ †ò›ƒ ‡†‡„‹›ƒ–ǐ†ƒ Dz燔‡ϐŽ‹ —„„‡Ž‡” ˜‡ Ÿ”‹ ‹ƒ”‡Ž‡” „‡Ž†‡•‹dz †‹›‡‹•‹Ž‡†‹”‹Ž‡G•–ƒ„—Ž‹­‹„ò–ò„—›ƒ’ÇŽƒŽƒ”˜‡›ƒ’ÇŽƒ–ƒ‘ŽƒŽƒ”ƒ ”ƒº‡‡›ƒ’ÇŽ•ƒ›‹‡†‡ƒœ†Ç”Ǥ.òòG•–ƒ„—Žǡ•ƒ†‡…‡„—燊‹”†‡†‘º—’ „ò›ò›‡˜‡›ƒçƒ›ƒŽƒ”ǐ†‡º‹Žǡ„ò–òò”‹ŽŽ‡–‹‹‰Úœ„‡„‡º‹ǡ›ƒ‹„‹”„ƒǦ Çƒ‘”–ƒƒŽÇ†Ç”Ǥ *** ‘ͳͷǦʹͲ›ÇŽ†ƒ„‡”‹G•–ƒ„—ŽŠƒÇ†ƒ›ƒ’ÇŽƒ‡ç”‹›ƒ––ƒ‰Ú”òŽ‡•ò”ƒ–Ž‹ ƒ”–Ç瘇G•–ƒ„—Žòœ‡”‹‡•Ç•Ç†òœ‡Ž‡‡­‡ç‹–Ž‹•‡˜‹›‡†‡•‡’‘œ›—ǡ’ƒǦ ‡Ž˜‡ƒ­Ç‘–—”—Žƒ”ǡŠ‡G•–ƒ„—ŽŠ‡†‡ò”òŽ–ò”˜‡‡†‡„‹›ƒ–ǃ†Çƒ ‡Ž„‡––‡•‡˜‹†‹”‹…‹†‹”Ǥ‹‡ƒ›Ç›ÇŽŽƒ”‹­‡”‹•‹†‡†‘º”—†ƒ†‘º”—›ƒG•–ƒ„—Ž ‹Ž‡‹Ž‰‹Ž‹›‡”Ž‹˜‡›ƒ„ƒ…Ç›ƒœƒ”Žƒ”ǐ‡•‡”Ž‡”‹›Ž‡‡•‹Ǧ›‡‹‹–ƒ’Žƒ”†ƒ‡›†ƒǦ ƒ‰‡Ž‡˜‡DzG•–ƒ„—Ž‹–ƒ’ŽÇºÇdzƒ†Ç›Žƒò•–ƒ‹Ž„‹”ò–ò’Šƒ‡–‡ç‹Ž‡†‡…‡ •ƒ›Ç†ƒ ‹–ƒ„ǐ ›ƒ›ÇŽƒƒ•Ç †ƒǡ „— ƒŽŸƒÇ „‘›—–Žƒ”ǐÇ ‰Ú•–‡”‡•‹ „ƒÇǦ Ç†ƒ‘Ž†—­ƒڐ‡Ž‹†‹”Ǥڜ‘—•—‡ç”‹›ƒ–ƒ”ƒ•Ç†ƒ‡Ž‹‹œ†‡‹„—­ƒǦ ŽÇ珃Ç†ƒŠƒ‡––‹º‹›‡”‹ƒŽƒ•Ç‰ƒ›‡––ƒ„‹Á†‹”Ǥ G•–ƒ„—Ž•‡˜†ƒŽÇ•Ç†ƒŠƒ„‹”­‘烋”˜‡›ƒœƒ”ǐ‡•‡”Ž‡”‹†‡•‡­‹Ž‡†‹ƒ–‡ †‡º‡”ڔ‡Ž‡”Ž‡œ‡‰‹Ž‡ç–‹”‹Ž‡”‡‘”–ƒ›ƒ­ÇƒǤƒ˜—– ڍ•—ǯ—G•–ƒǦ „—ŽòŽ–ò”˜‡†‡„‹›ƒ––Žƒ•Çƒ†ÇÇ–ƒçǛƒ„—­ƒŽÇ珃•ÇÇ†ƒ‘—›—…—— œ‹Š‹†‡›‡‹—ˆ—Žƒ”ƒ­ƒ…ƒºÇƒ‹ƒÇ›‘”—Ǥ ڛŽ‡ „‹” ‡•‡”‹ ŠƒœÇ”ŽƒÇ’ ›ƒ›ÇŽƒƒ•Çƒ ˜‡•‹Ž‡ ‘Žƒ ò”‹›‡ —”‹‰ ˜‡ –‘‘„‹Ž —”—— ڐ‡–‹ —”—Ž— ƒçƒÇ òŽ‡– ƒ–ƒ „‡›‡ˆ‡†‹›‡ –‡Ǧ 燍ò”‡†‹›‘”—Ǥ Ž‹‹œ†‡‹„—‹–ƒ’–ƒ„‹”ƒ”ƒ›ƒ‰‡–‹”‹Ž‡‡•‹˜‡›ƒÇ†Ú‡‡ƒ‹–狋”ǡ†‡Ǧ ‡‡ ˜‡ ŠŸ–Ç”ƒ –ò”ò†‡‹ ›ƒœÇŽƒ”ǐǡ ò” ‘—›—…—•—— œ‹Š‹†‡ ‹­‹†‡ ›ƒçƒ†ÇºÇÇœ „— 燊”‡ ˆƒ”ŽÇ „‹” ‰ÚœŽ‡ „ƒƒÇœ ‰‡”‡–‹º‹ Š—•—•—†ƒ ›‡‹ †òçò…‡Ž‡”‡›‘Žƒ­ƒ•ÇÇ˜‡‰‡­‡•‹ŽŽ‡”ƒ”ƒ•Ç†ƒ‹ŽŽÁ„‹”Š‡›‡…ƒ˜‡痗” —›ƒƒ•Çƒ˜‡•‹Ž‡‘Žƒ•ÇÇ–‡‡‹‡†‹›‘”—Ǥ



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Kitaba Dair G•–ƒ„—ŽòŽ–ò”˜‡†‡„‹›ƒ––Žƒ•ÇǯÇ–‡‡Ž‹‹„—燊”‹‡†‹•‹‘Ž—ç–—”†—Ǥ •‡”Ž‡”‹ǡŠƒ†‹•‡Ž‡”‹ǡ‹•ƒŽƒ”ǘ‡›ƒçƒ–Ç•Ç‹Ž‡燊”‹—›ƒ†Ç”†ÇºÇ†—›‰—˜‡†òǦ çò…‡Ž‡”…òŽ‡…òŽ‡†‹œ‹Ž†‹ǡڐòòœ‡ǤǤǤG•–ƒ„—Žǯ†ƒ˜‡–ƒçǛŽƒǦ–‘’”ƒºÇ›Žƒ G•–ƒ„—ŽŽ—Žƒ”†ƒ „ƒŠ•‡–‡‹ •ƒƒ†‡–‹ •ƒ”†Ç †ò›ƒÇœÇǤǤǤ ƒœ‡ ‰òœ‡ŽŽ‡‡ ‘Ž†—„ƒœ‡Šƒ›ÇϐŽƒƒǢ„ƒœ‡†‡‡‡‘Ž†—„ƒœ‡…ƒŽƒ†Ç”ƒǢ„ƒœ‡‰‡”Ǧ ­‡‘Ž†—„ƒœ‡†‡Š‹ƒ›‡ǤǤǤ .ƒŽÇ珃Çœ†ƒǡÇ•”ƒŽƒ”ǐÇǡ‡–‹Ž‡”‹‹˜‡‡•‡”Ž‡”‹‹G•–ƒ„—Žǯ—‰òœ‡ŽŽ‹Ž‡”‹Ǧ ‡Šƒ•”‡–‹ç‘Žƒ‡†‡„Á烊•‹›‡–Ž‡”‡˜‡„—燊‹”‹­‹ǡ„—燊‹”†‡­ƒŽÇ珃Žƒ” ›ƒ’ÇçòŽ–ò”ƒ†ƒŽƒ”ǐƒ†ƒ›‡”˜‡”†‹Ǥ—›‡”˜‡”‹çǡ†ƒŠƒ­‘„‹”狋”ǡ„‹” Ç•”ƒ›ƒ†ƒ„‡›‹–„ƒœ‡†‡„‹”’ƒ”ƒ‰”ƒˆ燍Ž‹†‡‘Ž†—Ǥƒœ†ÇŽƒ”Ç­‘‰òœ‡Ž ˜‡„‹œ‹†‡›‡”‹‹œ„‹”‘ƒ†ƒ”•ÇÇ”ŽÇ›†ÇǤ—•‡„‡’Ž‡Šƒ‰‹‡•‡”†‡ƒŽÇ–Ç ›ƒ’–Ç›•ƒ ‹–ƒ„ǐ •‘ „ÚŽòò‡ ‘›†—º——œ „‹„Ž‹›‘‰”ƒˆ›ƒ†ƒ ƒ›Ç ‡•‡”‹ ‹•‹‡›‡”˜‡”†‹ǤG•–‡†‹‹‘—›—…—ǡ„—‰òœ‡Ž…òŽ‡Ž‡”‹‹œ‹‹–ƒ‹’‡–‡ ‹•–‹›‘”•ƒǡ›‘Žƒ‘”ƒ†ƒ†‡˜ƒ‡–•‹Ǥ †‡„‹›ƒ–­ÇŽƒ”ǐ‹•‹Ž‡”‹‹„‡Ž‹”Ž‡‡•‹†‡‰‡‹ç„‹”Š‡›‡–‰Ú”‡˜›ƒ’–ÇǤƒǦ œ‡ –ƒÇÇçŽÇ ڎ­ò ‘Ž†— „ƒœ‡ ò‡ŽŽ‹ϐ‹ ‡†‡„‹›ƒ–Ǐǜ†ƒ‹ ›‡”‹ „ƒœ‡ †‡ G•–ƒ„—Žǯƒ›ƒœ†ÇŽƒ”Ç‹ƒÇŽƒœ‰òœ‡ŽŽ‹Ž‡”ǤǤǤ ƒœƒ”˜‡烋”Ž‡”‹‹œ†‡ƒŽÇ–ÇŽƒ”Ç„‹”›ƒ†ƒ„‹”ƒ­•ÇÇ”ǐ†ƒ–—–ƒ„‹Ž†‹Ǥ‹‡ ‹•–‡†‹‹†‹ŽŽ‡”‹‹œ‡’‡Ž‡•‡‘Ž—çǡŠƒˆÇœƒŽƒ”Ǐǜ†ƒ›‡”‡–‹ç•ÚœŽ‡”‹•ƒǦ Š‹’Ž‡”‹†‡‡ƒ†ƒ”­‘‹•‹ƒƒ„‹Ž‹”•‡‘ƒ†ƒ”„ƒŠ–‹›ƒ”‘Ž—”—œǤ—­‡”Ǧ ­‡˜‡†‡ò­›òœ†‡ˆƒœŽƒ‡†‡„‹›ƒ–‹•ƒÇ†ƒŠ‡ƒŽÇ–Ç›ƒ’–ǍŠ‡†‡ƒ›Ç ‹•‹Ž‡”‹„‹›‘‰”ƒϐ‹Ž‡”‹‡›‡”˜‡”†‹Ǥ •‡”‹‹œ‹–ƒƒÇ†ƒ‡†‡„‹›ƒ–˜‡òŽ–ò”ƒ†ƒŽƒ”Ǐǜ†ƒ†Ú”–›òœ†‡ˆƒœǦ Žƒ•Ç›‡”ƒŽ†ÇǤ—ƒ”ƒ†ƒ痐—†ƒ‰Ú”†ò‹„—燊‹”ǡ•‡˜‡‘Ž†—º—ƒ†ƒ”•‡˜‹Ž‡ ˜‡‡‡˜‡”‹Ž‡„‹”燊‹”ǤǤǤG•–ƒ„—Žǯ—•‡˜‹çǡG•–ƒ„—Žǯ†ƒ­ƒŽÇ珃Žƒ”›ƒ’Çç ˜‡G•–ƒ„—Žǯƒ‘Žƒ•‡˜‰‹•‹‹­‡ç‹–Ž‹燍‹ŽŽ‡”†‡›ƒ•Ç–Çç‘ŽƒòŽ–ò”ƒ†ƒŽƒ”Ç †ƒ­ƒŽÇ珃Çœ†ƒ„‹›‘‰”ƒϐ‹Ž‡”‹‹Ž‡›‡”ƒŽ†ÇǤ ‹›‘‰”ƒϐ‹Ž‡”‹–ƒ•ƒ”Ǐ‘Žƒ”ƒǡ‹–ƒ„ǐ•ƒº˜‡•‘Ž›ƒŽƒ”ǐƒ‘›†—Ǥ”–Ǎƒ›Ǧ „‘Ž—ç‘Žƒǡ‡”‡ƒ”ò•Ž—„—ƒ„‹”‰Ú†‡”‡‘Ž•—‹•–‡†‹Ǥ ‘–‘º”ƒϐŽƒ”ǏǜLj‘–‘º”ƒˆ•ƒƒ–­Ç•Ç‡˜œƒ–ǎ†Ç”Ǐǯ†ƒ–‡‹‡––‹ǤƒƒÇ •‘„‹”›ÇŽ†ƒŠƒ––ƒƒŽ–ǃ›†ƒ­‡‹Ž‡ò­›òœ†‡ˆƒœŽƒ­‘ڜ‡Žˆ‘–‘º”ƒϐŽƒ”‡•‡”Ǧ †‡›‡”ƒŽ†ÇǤ•‹ƒŽƒ˜‡–ƒ”‹Š‹‘Žƒˆ‘–‘º”ƒϐŽƒ”Ç‹•‡ƒ”狘Ž‡”†‡ƒŽÇ’—ŽŽƒǦ †ÇǤG•–ƒ„—Žǡ­‘„ò›ò„‹”†‡”›ƒǢ„ƒœÇˆ‘–‘º”ƒϐŽƒ”ǐ›‡”Ž‡”‹‹„‹Ž‡›‡Ž‡” ‘Žƒ„‹Ž‹”†òçò…‡•‹‹Ž‡‹–ƒ„ǐƒ”ƒ•Çƒ„‹”†‡ˆ‘–‘º”ƒˆ†‹œ‹‹‘›†—Ǥ”‹ˆ‡–ƒǦ ”‹ˆ‰‡”‡‡›‡…‡º‹‹„‹Ž‹›‘”†—ƒƒڜ‡ŽŽ‹Ž‡‰‡­Ž‡”‹‹œDz‡”‡•‹dz‘Ž†—º—— „‹Ž•‹ǡ‰‹†‹’‰‡œ•‹‹•–‡†‹Ǥ ”ƒç–Ç”ƒ›ƒ’ƒ‹•–‡›‡Ž‡”‹­‹†‡›‹‡•‘„ÚŽò‡‹•‹†‹œ‹‹‡Ž‡†‹Ǥ G•–ƒ„—Ž•‡˜†ƒŽÇŽƒ”ǐƒˆƒ›†ƒŽÇ‘Žƒ•Ç†‹Ž‡º‹‹Ž‡ǥ



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