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Oxford, Rebecca L. (s.a.). Language Learning Strategies: What Every Teacher Should Know. Boston, MA: Heinle & Heinle Publishers. Maybe it is a good idea to group the skills as follows:
It could be a good idea to place the different strategies into this schema. It is also a good idea to include the connection with the full frame of competences from Lineamientos Curriculares, including general competences and specific competences. Classes
Groups
Sets
Strategies
Direct Strategies
Memory Strategies
Creating mental linkages
Grouping Associating / elaborating Placing new words into a context Using imagery Semantic mapping Using keywords Representing sounds in memory Structured reviewing Using physical response or sensation
Applying sounds
images
Reviewing well Employing action
and
Skills R W R R R W R R R R R W R
L L L L L L L L L L
S
S
S S
Cognitive Strategies
Practicing
Receiving and sending messages Analyzing and reasoning
Creating structure input and output Compensation Strategies
for
Guessing intelligently Overcoming limitations in speaking and writing
Indirect Strategies
Social Strategies
Asking questions Cooperating with others Empathizing with others
Affective Strategies
Lowering your anxiety
Encouraging yourself
Using mechanical techniques Repeating Formally practicing with sounds and writing systems Recognizing and using formulas and patterns Recombining Practicing naturalistically Getting the idea quickly Using resources for receiving and sending messages Reasoning deductively Analyzing expressions Analyzing contrastively (across languages) Translating Transferring Taking notes Summarizing Highlighting Using linguistic clues Using other clues Switching to the mother tongue Getting help Using mime or gesture Avoiding communication partially or totally Selecting the topic Adjusting or approximating the message Coining words Using circumlocution or synonym Asking for clarification or verification Asking for correction Cooperating with peers Cooperating with proficient users of the new language Developing cultural understanding Becoming aware of others’ thoughts and feelings Using progressive relaxation, deep breathing, or meditation Using music Using laughter Making positive statements
R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
W W W W W W W W
W W W W W
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
R R R R R R R R
S S
S S
S S S S S S S S
W W W W R
S S S S S
L W W W W W W W W W
L L L L L L L L
S S S S S S S S S
Taking your temperature
Metacognitive Strategies
emotional
Centering your learning
Arranging and planning your learning
Evaluating your learning
Taking risks wisely Rewarding yourself Listening to your body Using a checklist Writing a language learning diary Discussing your feelings with someone else Overviewing and linking with already known material Paying attention Delaying speech production to focus on listening Finding out about language learning Organizing Setting goals and objectives Identifying the purpose of a language task (purposeful L/R/S/W) Planning for a language task Seeking practice opportunities Self-monitoring Self-evaluating
R R R R R R R R
W W W W W W W W
R R R R R R R R
W W W W W W W W
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S