MAKALAH Auxiliary (M Khanif Khafidli) [PDF]

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MAKALAH AUXILIARY



Oleh: MKHANIF KHAFIDLI



1310141031



Mata Kuliah



:



B. INGGRIS



Dosen Pengampu



:



IMA MASHOFA



1 D4 ELEKTRO INDUSTRI B POLITEKNIK ELEKTRONIKA NEGERI SURABAYA KOTA SURABAYA TAHUN 2014



INTRODUCTION I



in a sentence usually requires auxiliary words, connecting words to enhance an auxiliary word sentence that appears before the main verb (main verb) in a sentence to modify the meaning of the main verb. Unlike the main verb, auxiliary verb itself has no meaning. The modal auxiliaries in English are : can, could had better, may, might, must, ought to, shall, should, will, would. Modal auxiliaries generally express a speaker’s attitudes of “moods”. For example, modal can express that a speaker feels something is necessary, advisable, permissible, possible, or probable. And in addition. They can convey the strength of these attitudes.



CONTENS II Auxiliary Verb Auxiliary verb is a verb that is used with the auxiliary verb (verb) to help express the meaning clicking. 1 To be (am, are, is): is, Subject + to be (am, are, is) + noun / adjective



example: - I am a boys - You are my friend - He is a doctor 2 Do / Does: Subject + do / does + complement



Do and does function as: a) do / does as a verb (the full verb) example: - I do my home work everyday (I do my homework every day)



b) do / does as an Auxiliary Verb (verb) do used to subject = I, We, They and You does used to subject = He, She, and It. Functions do / does for auxiliary verb is: To assist in the formation of sentences are sentences that have a verb, if the sentence in the form of: a) sentence negates b) Interogatives Sentence c) Negates interrogatives sentences example: - I do not go to school everyday - Do I go to school everyday? - Do not I go to school everyday? 3 Have / Has: have / has / have



Have / has has 2 functions, namely: As a full verb (verb) means to have As an auxiliary verb (Auxiliary Verb) means already = on regular expressions, (affirmative), not = to deny sentence (negative), have = the sentence asking (interrogative), is not, it = the sentence asking deny (negative-interrogative) . Examples have (has):



- (+): We have a new teacher



Subject + have / has + complement



- (-): We have not a new teacher - (?): Have we a new teacher? Example has (have): - (+): He has a new book - (-): He has a new book - (?): Has he a new book?



1) Have / has a full verb (Verb) example: - (+): You have a new dictionary - (-): You have not a new dictionary - (?): Have you a new dictionary? - (-?): Have you not a new dictionary? 2) Have / has as helpers (Auxiliary) example: - (+): I have moved into a new house - (-): I have not moved into a new - (?): Have I moved into a new house? - (-?): Have I not moved into a new house



Auciliaries modals Auciliaries modals is an auxiliary verb has a meaning and complement ordinarinya. Use auxiliary capital with tenses that we have previously learned very close, only auxiliary capital we used earlier using adxiliary play (is, am, are, do, does, have, has, was. Were, did. Limit). While the use of tenses with auxiliary capital we can also use, just we have to be careful in tenses, for the first we do is to understand and identify auxiliary capital advance. Prohibition of capital: 1 There should be no additional s / es, ed, and ing 2 must meet VI (berinficitive) 3 can not didahulu ito 4 can not be met to 5 auxiliary capital can not be met with auxiliary capital. Example one: 1 he cans sing every day. 2 cans he sings every day 3 he wants to can sing every day 4. he can to sing every day 5 must he can sing every day. Example is: 1 can sing every day 2 he can sing every day



3 he wants to be Able to sing every day 4. he can sing every day 5. he must be Able sing every day. Capital auziliary seen from the meaning is divided into two (the kind of capital): 1. spontaneity 2 Conclusion / possibility. 1.



SPONTANITY DEVIDE TO 12 :



N



Modal



English



Similar expression of modal



o 1 2



Can Must



Ability Be able to Strong obligation, Have to, be to



3



Used



strong necessity Past habit



Be used to Ving.



4



To/would + V1 Can



Polite request (?)



Be allowed to



Permission (+)



Be allowed to



Could May Might Will Would Shall 5



Should Can Could May Might Should Would



6



Shall May



Wishes



7 8



Will Should/ought to



2. A.



Willingness Advisability



Be Willing to Be supposed to



Conclusion devide became 2 : Possibility, devide became 4 Modal Must Should / ought to May / might Can / could



B.



Imposiblity, devide became 4 Modal Must Could can Should / ought to May / might



Modal auxiliaries Are followed by the tenses form



Modal



Simple



1. can



2. must



3. used to / would 4. can



-



Could May Might



-



Will Would Shall Should



-



5. can



-



Could



-



May Might Would



-



Present



Simple past



Past



present continous continous He can help Can you help He could run He could me every day me now? fast last year teach me math when he was young He must study You must help He had to go He had to every time me now yesterday sleep when I left his room I used to eat every morning can you help me every time ? could you help me every day ? may I visit you every day ? might visit you every day ? wih you lend me some money ? would you lend me some money ? shall I pay for the bill ? should I pay for the bill ? you can help me every time you could help me every day ? you may visit me every day ? you might



Shall Should



visit me every time “ May god bless May you be you happ now ? Yes, I will Yes, I Will -



6. May 7. Will



-



Conclusion (possitility / impossibility) Modal Must



Simple Present Simple past present continous He must He must be He must He study



hard studying



every day



hard now.



could



Should ought to



/ He



can



/ He



might



been



studied



come. last / He can / could have



could do his could



be could



have been doing his activities



activities



doing



his done



his when I came yesterday.



every day.



activities



activities



now. yesterday. / He should / He should / He ought to



study studying



t



hard



every hard now.



studied



/ He



to



been



studying



have hard when I came.



hard may



might his



He should / ought to



not ought to be should/ough have



day. May



have



studying hard when I



week / He can



can



must



have hard



Can



Past continous



/ He



may



do might



activity doing



every day.



activity



yesterday. / He may / He may / might have be might have been doing his activity his done adtivity



his when I came yesterday.



now.



yesterday.



The function of modal From



Possibility



Kind of modal Must Should



Tense Ps/Pr Ps/Pr



Ought to May Might Could



Impossibility



Ability



Can Can’t



Ps/Pr



Couldn’t Mayn’t



Ps/Pr



Mightn’t



Can



-Pr



Could



-Ps



Be (was, Were,



-Ps



Is. Am. Are)



-Pr



Able to



Wishes



Necessity



May May + S + V1 (+) must



- Ft Ps/Pr/I



(+) have to (-) needn’t Should



Advisability



Ought to



Suggestion



Hed better Could



- Ps/Pr



Ps/Pr/I



CLOSING CONCLUSION Ø Modal Auxiliary is the auxiliary which has meaning and complete the ordinary. Ø The Kinds of modal auxiliaries in English are : can, could, had better, may, might, must, ought to, shall, should, will, would.



BIBLIOGRAPHY CHAPTER III BIBLIOGRAPHY Azer, Betty S. 1989. Understanding and Using English grammar (second edition). New Jersey : prentice hall, inc. ____________ Understanding and Using English grammar (third Edition). New Jersey : prentice Hall, inc. Echols, John M. And Hasan Shadily. 1989. Kamus Indonesia Inggris, Jakarta : Gramedia. Murphy, R. 1985. English Grammar in Use, Combridge : Combridge University Press. Purwati, M. 2005. Engligh for a better life, Bandung : Pakar Raya. Wijaya. 1989. Fitrah Book (grammar, speaking and vocabularies). Lamongan : Own Published.